1
|
Tirla A, Vicas SI, Sirca TB, Cinezan C, Cavalu S. Improved Antioxidant Status after Diet Supplementation with Novel Natural-Based Supplement in Combat Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:247. [PMID: 39330724 PMCID: PMC11435964 DOI: 10.3390/sports12090247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense physical activity is known to generate high levels of oxidative stress, and supplementation with bioactive products with powerful antioxidant effects is often recommended. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of supplementing the diet of professional combat fighters with a new bioactive formulation based on Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) and bee pollen, a natural combination with a balanced ratio of macro- and micronutrients, rich in proteins and polyphenols. METHODS A total of 31 professional combat fighters were selected to participate in this study. Due to allergic medical history, two were excluded, and the remaining 29 were divided into two groups: 14 in the control and 15 in the supplementation group. The supplemented group consumed daily 40 g of novel supplement based on a combination of dried black chokeberry and bee pollen (1:2 ratio) for 4 weeks. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in plasma antioxidant capacity was observed in the supplemented group compared to control related to the time and group factors at the end of this study. During this study, a significant increase in neutrophils was recorded in both groups. Supplementation with black chokeberry and bee pollen generated no significant modifications in inflammatory markers, body composition, glycemia, maximum aerobic capacity, blood glycemia, hemoglobin or red cell line. CONCLUSION This clinical study pointed out a positive result in terms of plasma antioxidant capacity upon administration of the novel nutraceutical formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tirla
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.T.); (T.B.S.)
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Gen. Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Teodora Bianca Sirca
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.T.); (T.B.S.)
| | - Corina Cinezan
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 410167 Oradea, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.T.); (T.B.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Esdaille AR, Kuete NK, Anyaeche VI, Kalemoglu E, Kucuk O. The Interplay between Structural Inequality, Allostatic Load, Inflammation, and Cancer in Black Americans: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3023. [PMID: 39272881 PMCID: PMC11394332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of racial healthcare disparities has been well documented. Adverse social determinants of health, such as poverty, inadequate housing, and limited access to healthcare, are intricately linked to these disparities and negative health outcomes, highlighting the profound impact that social and economic factors have on individuals' overall well-being. Recent evidence underscores the role of residential location on individual health outcomes. Despite the importance of a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and stress management for favorable health outcomes, individuals living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas may face obstacles in achieving these practices. Adverse living conditions, environmental factors, and systemic biases against Black Americans perpetuate allostatic load. This, compounded by decreased physical activity and limited healthy food options, may contribute to increased oxidative stress and inflammation, fundamental drivers of morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Herein, we perform a narrative review of associations between healthcare disparities, chronic stress, allostatic load, inflammation, and cancer in Black Americans, and we discuss potential mechanisms and solutions. Additional research is warranted in the very important area of cancer disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashanda R Esdaille
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Division of Urology, Atlanta Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Nelson Kevin Kuete
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Ecem Kalemoglu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Del Rosso S, Baraquet ML, Barale A, Defagó MD, Tortosa F, Perovic NR, Aoki MP. Long-term effects of different exercise training modes on cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13564. [PMID: 37040899 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the evidence on the effects of different long-term training interventions (aerobic [AeT], resistance [RT], and combined [COMB]) and spontaneous physical activity (PA) in modifying cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight or obesity with or without cardiometabolic diseases while considering potential confounders. Although exercise interventions have become a potentially effective tool for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, the evidence provided by previous systematic reviews is inconclusive since several potential confounders have yet to be addressed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2000 to July 2022 and performed a meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria retrieved 106 full texts comprising 8,642 individuals with a range BMI of 25.1-43.8 kg m-2 . We found that independently of the training mode, exercise had a beneficial effect on diminishing Adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-18, IL-20, Leptin, sICAM, and TNF-α levels circulating levels. Furthermore, by subsequent analysis, we detected differential effects of AeT, RT, and COMB, with sex, age, body composition, and trial length acting as moderators. The comparison of training modes revealed a difference favoring COMB over AeT for regulating the increase in CRP with no differences in the remaining biomarkers. Meta-regression analysis revealed an effect of change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ) on CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, while IL-10 was influenced by the change in body fat. The results suggest that all interventions, except PA, are effective in lessening this population's inflammatory status, provided that exercise results in an increase of VO2max .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Del Rosso
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Lucía Baraquet
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrián Barale
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Daniela Defagó
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando Tortosa
- Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Nilda Raquel Perovic
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim HJ, Lee HC. The Effect of 13 Weeks Long-Distance Bicycle Riding on Inflammatory Response Indicators Related to Joint Cartilage and Muscle Damage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16314. [PMID: 36498391 PMCID: PMC9738930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of 13 weeks of long-distance cycling on biomarkers of joint cartilage, muscle damage and inflammation. All subjects in this study were seven participants of the “One Korea New-Eurasia Peace Cycle Expedition”, in which they rode cycles from Berlin, Germany to Seoul, Korea for thirteen weeks. The total course of the expedition was divided into three sub-courses: course 1 (from Berlin to Moscow), course 2 (from Moscow to Ulaanbaatar) and course 3 (from Ulaanbaatar to Seoul). All the selected participants rode 87.4 km/day (course 1), 70.4 km/day (course 2) and 57.6 km/day (course 3) on average, respectively. We collected their blood samples before the expedition in Seoul (S1), after course 1 in Moscow (M), after course 2 in Ulaanbaatar (U) and after the expedition in Seoul (S2), to analyze biomarkers of joint cartilage damage (Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; COMP), muscle damage (Creatine Phosphokinase; CPK, Lactate Dehydrogenase; LDH, Myoglobin), inflammation (Interleukin-6; IL-6, Interleukin-1β; IL-1β, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α; TNF-α, C-Reactive Protein; CRP) and stress hormone (Cortisol). According to this result, COMP (S1; 188.37 ± 46.68 ng/mL) showed a significant increase after the expedition course 1 (M; 246.69 ± 51.69 ng/mL, p = 0.012) and course 2 (U; 237.09 ± 62.57 ng/mL, p = 0.047), and recovered to the stable state after expedition course 3 (S2; 218.46 ± 34.78. p = 0.047). Biomarkers of muscle damage (CPK, LDH and Myoglobin) and inflammation (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and CRP) were not significantly changed in all courses, but CRP (S1; 1.07 ± 0.76 ng/mL) showed a tendency to decrease after the expedition course 1 (M; 0.3 ± 0.1 mg/mL, p = 0.044). Lastly, the Cortisol level significantly increased in all courses (per p < 0.05), but the Cortisol level after expedition course 3 (S2; 21.00 ± 3.65 mg/mL) was lower than that of after the expedition course 1 (M; 24.23 ± 2.47 mg/mL, p = 0.028). In summary, it seems that repetitive and continuous 50−90 km/day of cycling can increase joint cartilage damage risk and stress hormone temporarily. However, this result suggests that the appropriate intensity of cycling for thirteen weeks does not increase physical damage, and rather enhances the human body to adapt to exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jun Kim
- Center for Sport Science in Chungnam, Asan-si 31580, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Cheol Lee
- Department of Health and Sport Science, Korea National Sport University, Seoul 05541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salus M, Tillmann V, Remmel L, Unt E, Mäestu E, Parm Ü, Mägi A, Tali M, Jürimäe J. Effect of Sprint Interval Training on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Adipokine Levels in Adolescent Boys with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912672. [PMID: 36231972 PMCID: PMC9564781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of supervised sprint interval training (SIT) on different cardiometabolic risk factors and adipokines in adolescent boys with obesity. Thirty-seven boys were allocated to either a SIT group (13.1 ± 0.3 years; body mass index [BMI]: 30.3 ± 0.9 kg·m-2) or a control group (CONT) (13.7 ± 0.4 years; BMI: 32.6 ± 1.6 kg·m-2). The SIT group performed 4-6 × 30 s all-out cycling sprints, interspersed with 4 min rest, for 3 sessions/week, during a 12-week period, while the non-exercising CONT group maintained a habitual lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements, triglycerides, fasting insulin and glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high- (HDLc) and low-density (LDLc) cholesterol, leptin and adiponectin in blood, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and a metabolic syndrome severity risk score (MSSS) were calculated before and after the 12-week period. Compared to baseline values, a significant reduction in MSSS was seen in the SIT group after intervention. LDLc showed favorable changes in SIT compared to CONT (-0.06 ± 0.1 vs. 0.19 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1; p = 0.025). Additionally, CRF increased in the SIT group compared to the CONT group (5.2 ± 1.1 vs. -2.1 ± 1.1 mL·min-1·kg-1, p < 0.001). Moreover, a 12-week all-out SIT training effectively improves cardiometabolic health in adolescent boys with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Salus
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Lunini 6, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Children’s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Lunini 6, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Parm
- Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Mägi
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maie Tali
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Y, Zhong F, Zheng X, Lai HY, Wu C, Huang C. Disparity of Gut Microbiota Composition Among Elite Athletes and Young Adults With Different Physical Activity Independent of Dietary Status: A Matching Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:843076. [PMID: 35369075 PMCID: PMC8975590 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.843076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the disparity of gut microbiota among elite athletes and young adults with different physical activity independent of dietary status.MethodsIn Hangzhou, China, an age and sex matching study was conducted between April and May 2021. A total of 66 Chinese young adults were recruited in this study and divided into an elite athlete group, physically active group, and physically inactive group. Fecal samples were collected to assess gut microbiota composition. Dietary status was measured using a food-frequency questionnaire. Comparisons in gut microbiota and blood biomarkers among three groups were analyzed by using the analysis of covariance.ResultsThe findings depicted a tendency to form clusters for beta diversity among three groups, while no significant difference was observed in both alpha and beta diversity. In the multiple analysis model, by adjusting dietary status, a significantly higher abundance of Clostridiaceae (p = 0.029) and Megamonas_rupellensis (p = 0.087) was observed in elite athletes compared to that in general young adults. Furthermore, inflammation-related bacteria such as Bilophila (p = 0.011) and Faecalicoccus (p = 0.050) were enriched in physically inactive young adults compared to two other groups. Pearson's correlation analysis showed a positive association between Bilophila and circulating white body cell count (r = 0.332, p = 0.006) and its subtypes including neutrophils (r = 0.273, p = 0.027), and lymphocytes (r = 0.327, p = 0.007). Megamonas_rupellensis has been shown associated positively with serum lymphocytes levels (r = 0.268, p = 0.03). Although no significant differences were observed, the elite athletes tended to have lower levels of blood biomarkers of immunity within a normal range, which may reflect a better immune function.ConclusionThis matching study indicated that physically inactive young adults are more likely to have a lower immune function and a higher abundance of pro-inflammatory gut bacteria than elite athletes and physically active young adults. Dietary status should be considered as an important factor that may affect the association of physical activity with immune function and gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Xu
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zheng
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Wu
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Cong Huang
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Su W, Wang J, Yu S, Chen K, Gao Z, Tang X, Wan Q, Luo Z, Ning G, Mu Y. METS‐IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio in Chinese adults: A cross‐sectional REACTION study. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1222-1234. [PMID: 35220678 PMCID: PMC9248423 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Su
- School of Medicine Nankai University No. 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
- Department of Endocrinology Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital No. 28 Fuxing Road Beijing 100853 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Chaoyang District Beijing 100020 P. R. China
| | - Songyan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100070 China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital No. 28 Fuxing Road Beijing 100853 China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology Dalian Municipal Central Hospital No. 826 Southwest Shahekou District Road Dalian 116033 China
| | - Xuelei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College No. 25 Taiping Road Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrinology Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yiming Mu
- School of Medicine Nankai University No. 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
- Department of Endocrinology Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital No. 28 Fuxing Road Beijing 100853 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anti-inflammatory diet consumption reduced fatty liver indices. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22601. [PMID: 34799655 PMCID: PMC8604894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and non-invasive markers of liver status in adults. This cross-sectional study was performed on 8520 adults, recruited in Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study, western Iran. The DII score was calculated based on participants’ dietary intakes obtained from Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score was calculated by anthropometric measurements and some non-invasive markers of liver status. Linear regression models were applied to estimate the associations and adjust the possible confounding factors. A greater DII score was significantly associated with higher energy intake, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), blood pressure, and FLI (P < 0.001). Participants with the highest DII score had a significantly higher consumption saturated fat, trans fat and red meat than those in the lowest quartile (P < 0.001). After adjustments of age and sex, participants in the highest quartile of the DII score had a greater risk of FLI (β: 0.742, 95% CI: 0.254, 0.601). More pro-inflammatory diet in participants was associated with a higher FLI. The DII score was positively associated with non-invasive liver markers. Thus, having an anti-inflammatory diet can help balance liver enzymes, reduce obesity, and decrease fatty liver.
Collapse
|
9
|
Aicher BO, Zhang J, Muratoglu SC, Galisteo R, Arai AL, Gray VL, Lal BK, Strickland DK, Ucuzian AA. Moderate aerobic exercise prevents matrix degradation and death in a mouse model of aortic dissection and aneurysm. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1786-H1801. [PMID: 33635167 PMCID: PMC8163659 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00229.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is a deadly disease characterized by intimal disruption induced by hemodynamic forces of the circulation. The effect of exercise in patients with TAAD is largely unknown. β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is an irreversible inhibitor of lysyl oxidase that induces TAAD in mice. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on BAPN-induced TAAD. Upon weaning, mice were given either BAPN-containing water or standard drinking water and subjected to either conventional cage activity (BAPN-CONV) or forced treadmill exercise (BAPN-EX) for up to 26 wk. Mortality was 23.5% (20/85) for BAPN-CONV mice versus 0% (0/22) for BAPN-EX mice (hazard ratio 3.8; P = 0.01). BAPN induced significant elastic lamina fragmentation and intimal-medial thickening compared with BAPN-untreated controls, and aneurysms were identified in 50% (5/10) of mice that underwent contrast-enhanced CT scanning. Exercise significantly decreased BAPN-induced wall thickening, calculated circumferential wall tension, and lumen diameter, with 0% (0/5) of BAPN-EX demonstrating chronic aortic aneurysm formation on CT scan. Expression of selected genes relevant to vascular diseases was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Notably, exercise normalized BAPN-induced increases in TGF-β pathway-related genes Cd109, Smad4, and Tgfβr1; inflammation-related genes Vcam1, Bcl2a1, Ccr2, Pparg, Il1r1, Il1r1, Itgb2, and Itgax; and vascular injury- and response-related genes Mmp3, Fn1, and Vwf. Additionally, exercise significantly increased elastin expression in BAPN-treated animals compared with controls. This study suggests that moderate aerobic exercise may be safe and effective in preventing the most devastating outcomes in TAAD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Moderate aerobic exercise was shown to significantly reduce mortality, extracellular matrix degradation, and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection formation associated with lysyl oxidase inhibition in a mouse model. Gene expression suggested a reversal of TGF-β, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling pathway dysregulation, along with augmented elastogenesis with exercise.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aminopropionitrile
- Aortic Dissection/chemically induced
- Aortic Dissection/metabolism
- Aortic Dissection/pathology
- Aortic Dissection/therapy
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/therapy
- Aortic Rupture/chemically induced
- Aortic Rupture/metabolism
- Aortic Rupture/pathology
- Aortic Rupture/prevention & control
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Exercise Therapy
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hemodynamics
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Proteolysis
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany O Aicher
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jackie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Selen C Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebeca Galisteo
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allison L Arai
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vicki L Gray
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brajesh K Lal
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vascular Service, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Areck A Ucuzian
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vascular Service, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Otu LI, Otu A. Adiponectin and the Control of Metabolic Dysfunction: Is Exercise the Magic Bullet? Front Physiol 2021; 12:651732. [PMID: 33897460 PMCID: PMC8058350 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta I Otu
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Akaninyene Otu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Christensen JF, Vartanian M, Sancho-Escanero L, Khorsandi S, Yazdi SHN, Farahi F, Borhani K, Gomila A. A Practice-Inspired Mindset for Researching the Psychophysiological and Medical Health Effects of Recreational Dance (Dance Sport). Front Psychol 2021; 11:588948. [PMID: 33716840 PMCID: PMC7950321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
“Dance” has been associated with many psychophysiological and medical health effects. However, varying definitions of what constitute “dance” have led to a rather heterogenous body of evidence about such potential effects, leaving the picture piecemeal at best. It remains unclear what exact parameters may be driving positive effects. We believe that this heterogeneity of evidence is partly due to a lack of a clear definition of dance for such empirical purposes. A differentiation is needed between (a) the effects on the individual when the activity of “dancing” is enjoyed as a dancer within different dance domains (e.g., professional/”high-art” type of dance, erotic dance, religious dance, club dancing, Dance Movement Therapy (DMT), and what is commonly known as hobby, recreational or social dance), and (b) the effects on the individual within these different domains, as a dancer of the different dance styles (solo dance, partnering dance, group dance; and all the different styles within these). Another separate category of dance engagement is, not as a dancer, but as a spectator of all of the above. “Watching dance” as part of an audience has its own set of psychophysiological and neurocognitive effects on the individual, and depends on the context where dance is witnessed. With the help of dance professionals, we first outline some different dance domains and dance styles, and outline aspects that differentiate them, and that may, therefore, cause differential empirical findings when compared regardless (e.g., amount of interpersonal contact, physical exertion, context, cognitive demand, type of movements, complexity of technique and ratio of choreography/improvisation). Then, we outline commonalities between all dance styles. We identify six basic components that are part of any dance practice, as part of a continuum, and review and discuss available research for each of them concerning the possible health and wellbeing effects of each of these components, and how they may relate to the psychophysiological and health effects that are reported for “dancing”: (1) rhythm and music, (2) sociality, (3) technique and fitness, (4) connection and connectedness (self-intimation), (5) flow and mindfulness, (6) aesthetic emotions and imagination. Future research efforts might take into account the important differences between types of dance activities, as well as the six components, for a more targeted assessment of how “dancing” affects the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Christensen
- Department for Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - S H N Yazdi
- 3Fish Corporate Filmmaking, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Khatereh Borhani
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Gomila
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cancer Related Anemia: An Integrated Multitarget Approach and Lifestyle Interventions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020482. [PMID: 33535496 PMCID: PMC7912724 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often accompanied by worsening of the patient's iron profile, and the resulting anemia could be a factor that negatively impacts antineoplastic treatment efficacy and patient survival. The first line of therapy is usually based on oral or intravenous iron supplementation; however, many patients remain anemic and do not respond. The key might lie in the pathogenesis of the anemia itself. Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is characterized by a decreased circulating serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation despite ample iron stores, pointing to a more complex problem related to iron homeostatic regulation and additional factors such as chronic inflammatory status. This review explores our current understanding of iron homeostasis in cancer, shedding light on the modulatory role of hepcidin in intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling, mobilization from liver deposits, and inducible regulators by infections and inflammation. The underlying relationship between CRA and systemic low-grade inflammation will be discussed, and an integrated multitarget approach based on nutrition and exercise to improve iron utilization by reducing low-grade inflammation, modulating the immune response, and supporting antioxidant mechanisms will also be proposed. Indeed, a Mediterranean-based diet, nutritional supplements and exercise are suggested as potential individualized strategies and as a complementary approach to conventional CRA therapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Passos MEP, Borges L, dos Santos-Oliveira LC, Alecrim-Zeza AL, Lobato TB, de Oliveira HH, Santos CMM, Diniz VLS, Iser-Bem PN, Manoel R, Murata GM, Hirabara SM, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC, Hatanaka E, Gorjao R. Recreational Dance Practice Modulates Lymphocyte Profile and Function in Diabetic Women. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:749-759. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1309-2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week dance-based aerobic exercise program on lymphocyte function in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) women. We enrolled 23 women: 11 with T2DM and 12 non-diabetic controls. Initially, we performed anthropometry and body composition measurements, afterwards, plasma levels of C-reactive protein, lipids, and glucose were determined. We used flow cytometry to measure the CD25 and CD28 expression in circulating lymphocytes, T-regulatory (Treg) cell percentage, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokines released by cultured lymphocytes. The T2DM group had a lower proportion of CD28+ cells and a higher percentage of Treg lymphocytes and proliferative capacity at the baseline compared with the control group. After 16 weeks of the program, differences in lymphocytes between the T2DM and the control groups disappeared. The dance program promoted IL-10 increase in both groups. We found decreased IL-4, IL-2, and IL-6 secretion in lymphocytes from the control group and increased IL-17 secretion and IL-10/IL-17 ratio in the T2DM group after the program. The program promoted marked changes in lymphocytes in diabetic women, leading to a balance between the different profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizabeth Pereira Passos
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Borges
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Bertola Lobato
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Richelieau Manoel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Medical Clinic, Sao Paulo University Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjao
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Henson J, Edwardson CL, Davies MJ, Gill JMR, Heaney LM, Khunti K, Ng L, Sattar N, Zaccardi F, Yates T. Physical activity and lipidomics in a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1150-1160. [PMID: 32228122 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1744836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate how measurements of the lipidome differ according to the level and intensity of physical activity in a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A targeted metabolomics platform provided quantitative molecular data on lipid species. Linear regression examined the associations between plasma lipid concentrations, particle size and time spent in objectively measured physical activity intensity domains, in increments of 500 counts per minute (cpm) (up to >4500 cpm (~>5.6METs)). Results are presented as % difference in the concentration (lower/higher) or particle size (smaller/larger) per 10 min of activity within each intensity. Five hundred and nine participants were included. Time spent in the lowest physical activity intensity domain (<500 cpm) was unfavourably associated with VLDL (2%), HDL (-2%) and Apolipoprotein A-1 particle concentrations (-2%) and HDL diameter (-2%). Conversely, time spent in intensities ≥1000 cpm were favourably associated with HDL subclass concentrations; with stronger associations seen at moderate intensities (2000-3999 cpm (~4.5METs)). For Apolipoprotein-B concentration and VLDL particle concentration and size, a negative association was consistently observed at the highest physical activity intensity only. If these associations are causal, HDL subclasses appear sensitive to light-intensities whereas only the high category of physical activity intensity was consistently associated with VLDL subclasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Henson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK and Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester, UK
| | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK and Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK and Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester, UK
| | - Jason M R Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, UK
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University , Loughborough, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) East Midlands, UK and Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester, UK
| | - Leong Ng
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, UK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK and Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK and Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su W, Wang J, Mu Y. Association Between Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype and Increased Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio in Chinese Adults: The REACTION Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2965-2974. [PMID: 32904657 PMCID: PMC7457398 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s257736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype can predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Additionally, strong evidence indicates that elevated urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) is associated with increased prevalence of CVD. However, few studies have explored the association between the HTGW phenotype and UACR. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 40,674 subjects (28,562 women and 12,112 men older than 40 years) were recruited from seven different geographic regional centres. The HTGW phenotype was defined as increased triglyceride levels (triglyceride ≥ 1.5 mmol/L for female and ≥2.0 mmol/L for male) and waist circumference (WC; WC ≥ 85 for female and WC ≥ 90 cm for male). Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between UACR and the HTGW phenotype. RESULTS Subjects with the HTGW phenotype showed a more significant trend towards increased excretion of UACR [among all subjects, odds ratio (OR) = 1.303, 95% CI: 1.132-1.499, P < 0.001; among men, OR = 1.406, 95% CI: 1.057-1.870, P = 0.019; among women, OR = 1.268, 95% CI: 1.074-1.496, P = 0.005]. Furthermore, the stratified analysis showed that the OR for high-risk significantly increased in individuals in the HTGW group aged below 65 years, with 5.6 ≤ fasting blood glucose < 7.0 or 7.8 ≤ post-load blood glucose <11.1 mmol/L, 120 ≤ systolic blood pressure < 140 or 80 ≤ diastolic blood pressure < 90, 24 ≤ body mass index < 28 kg/m2, and estimated globular filtration rate > 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2. CONCLUSION This study has advanced the understanding of visceral obesity and our results supported the fact that the HTGW phenotype is associated with elevated UACR excretion among general Chinese adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Su
- Medicine School of Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Medicine School of Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Medicine School of Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yiming Mu Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China Email
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Yan T, Chu JMT, Chen Y, Dunnett S, Ho YS, Wong GTC, Chang RCC. The beneficial effects of physical exercise in the brain and related pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 99:943-957. [PMID: 30808929 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown the beneficial influence of exercise on humans. Apart from classic cardioprotection, numerous studies have demonstrated that different exercise regimes provide a substantial improvement in various brain functions. Although the underlying mechanism is yet to be determined, emerging evidence for neuroprotection has been established in both humans and experimental animals, with most of the valuable findings in the field of mental health, neurodegenerative diseases, and acquired brain injuries. This review will discuss the recent findings of how exercise could ameliorate brain function in neuropathological states, demonstrated by either clinical or laboratory animal studies. Simultaneously, state-of-the-art molecular mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced neuroprotective effects and comparison between different types of exercise will be discussed in detail. A majority of reports show that physical exercise is associated with enhanced cognition throughout different populations and remains as a fascinating area in scientific research because of its universal protective effects in different brain domain functions. This article is to review what we know about how physical exercise modulates the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tim Yan
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - John Man-Tak Chu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sophie Dunnett
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gordon Tin-Chun Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burton K, Morris NR, Reid D, Smith D, Kuys S. Increased physical activity post-exacerbation is associated with decreased systemic inflammation in cystic fibrosis - An observational study. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 36:1457-1465. [PMID: 30686137 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1566942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: We assessed whether measured physical activity in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) following in-hospital treatment for an acute exacerbation was impacted by levels of systemic and airway inflammation, and whether physical activity post-discharge predicted for time to next pulmonary exacerbation. Methods: Adults with CF were included following hospitalization for a pulmonary exacerbation, and were followed for 12 months. Inflammatory markers and physical activity were measured immediately post-discharge via sputum and plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Physical activity was monitored for 7 days via a Sensewear Armband. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk's test and Q-Q plots to determine normal distribution, t-tests, Pearson's correlational analyses, and one-way MANOVAs. Results: Thirty-one adults with CF (13 females, 28.8 ± 8.8 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 59.4 ± 23.0% predicted) were prospectively recruited. Physical activity negatively correlated with plasma inflammation (r = -0.48, p < 0.01), and positively with FEV1 (r = 0.45, p < 0.05) and body mass index (r = 0.39, p < 0.05). There was no significant relationship between time to re-exacerbation and any inflammatory markers or measurement of physical activity (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Increased physical activity following exacerbation in CF is associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation. Time to re-exacerbation is not related to post-discharge inflammation or physical activity levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Burton
- Menzies Health Institute School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University , Southport, QLD, Australia.,Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital , Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital & Health Service , Meadowbrook, QLD, Australia
| | - Norman R Morris
- Menzies Health Institute School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University , Southport, QLD, Australia.,Allied Health Research Collaborative, The Prince Charles Hospital , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Reid
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital , Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Lung Inflammation & Infection Team, QIMR-Berghofer Institute of Medical Research , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Smith
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne Kuys
- Menzies Health Institute School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University , Southport, QLD, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy, Australian Catholic University , Banyo, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Li Y, Chen K, Yan W, Wang A, Wang W, Gao Z, Tang X, Yan L, Wan Q, Luo Z, Qin G, Chen L, Mu Y. Association between Duration of Exercise (MET Hours per Week) and the Risk of Decreased eGFR: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on a Large Chinese Population. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5874603. [PMID: 31019977 PMCID: PMC6451799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5874603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is effective in preventing chronic diseases. However, the impact of different durations of exercise on human health is unknown, especially among people with diabetes or prediabetes. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between high MET hours per week and the change in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the total population and different subgroups. METHODS A total of 43767 individuals from eight provinces, in China, were recruited. Logistic analysis was used to investigate the association. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on MET hours per week. The primary outcome was an eGFR ≤ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS The average eGFR was 100.10 (92.43-106.43) mL/min/1.732. Logistic regression analysis revealed that more than 7.5 MET hours per week (equivalent to more than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity of exercise) was associated with the higher risk of the decreased eGFR even after adjusting for confounding factors (7.5 to <21: OR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.09, 1.29]; ≥21: OR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.05, 1.19], p for trend: 0.0047). After adjusting for confounding factors, in stratified analyses, there still existed a significant relationship among participants aged from 55 to less than 65 years, but not among participants younger than 55 or older than 65 years. Similarly, there existed a positive association between high MET hours per week and the decreased eGFR in participants without diabetes and prediabetes, but not in participants with diabetes or prediabetes, and the interactions of age and diabetic states were found. However, there was no significant difference in women or men. CONCLUSIONS More than 7.5 MET hours per week (equivalent to more than 150 minutes per week or 60 minutes per day of moderate-intensity exercise) was associated with decreased eGFR among participants aged from 55 to less than 65 years and participants without diabetes and prediabetes, but not among participants aged younger than 55 years and older than 65 years and participants with diabetes or prediabetes. The importance of planning individualized physical activities is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medicine School of Nankai University, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Yan
- Zhongshan University Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medicine School of Nankai University, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Advances in pharmacologic management of inflammatory conditions have allowed those living with these conditions to pursue fitness activities previously difficult due to functional limitations. With that said, many patients with inflammatory arthritis are still not active enough. In this article, we review specific exercise recommendations for a number of inflammatory conditions with a focus on overall health promotion and cardiovascular disease risk reduction, discuss exercise as an adjunct to pharmacologic disease management, and review potential risks of sport participation for athletes with inflammatory arthritis conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Powell
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, McKinley PS, Bartels M, Shimbo D, Lauriola V, Karmally W, Pavlicova M, Choi CJ, Choo T, Scodes JM, Flood P, Tracey KJ. Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e010201. [PMID: 30371169 PMCID: PMC6201415 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Consensus panels regularly recommend aerobic exercise for its health-promoting properties, due in part to presumed anti-inflammatory effects, but many studies show no such effect, possibly related to study differences in participants, interventions, inflammatory markers, and statistical approaches. This variability makes an unequivocal determination of the anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic training elusive. Methods and Results We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training or a wait list control condition followed by 4 weeks of sedentary deconditioning on lipopolysaccharide (0, 0.1, and 1.0 ng/mL)-inducible tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and on toll-like receptor 4 in 119 healthy, sedentary young adults. Aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing was measured at study entry (T1) and after training (T2) and deconditioning (T3). Despite a 15% increase in maximal oxygen consumption, there were no changes in inflammatory markers. Additional analyses revealed a differential longitudinal aerobic exercise training effect by lipopolysaccharide level in inducible TNF -α ( P=0.08) and IL-6 ( P=0.011), showing T1 to T2 increases rather than decreases in inducible (lipopolysaccharide 0.1, 1.0 versus 0.0 ng/mL) TNF- α (51% increase, P=0.041) and IL-6 (42% increase, P=0.11), and significant T2 to T3 decreases in inducible TNF- α (54% decrease, P=0.007) and IL-6 (55% decrease, P<0.001). There were no significant changes in either group at the 0.0 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide level for TNF- α or IL-6. Conclusions The failure to support the primary hypotheses and the unexpected post hoc findings of an exercise-training-induced proinflammatory response raise questions about whether and under what conditions exercise training has anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 01335737.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Sloan
- Division of Behavioral MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNY
| | - Peter A. Shapiro
- Division of Consultation/Liaison PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Paula S. McKinley
- Division of Behavioral MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Matthew Bartels
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Vincenzo Lauriola
- Division of Behavioral MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Wahida Karmally
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Martina Pavlicova
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Flood
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchNorthwell HealthManhassettNY
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tanner A, Vassallo M, Kwan J, Allen SC. The pulmonary rehabilitation regimen: a treatment for frailty and 'inflammaging'? Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2018; 79:432-437. [PMID: 30070944 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2018.79.8.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary rehabilitation is an exercise-based intervention that improves walking endurance, strength, functional independence, wellbeing and the risk of re-admission to hospital. It was developed for patients recovering from acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sometimes other long-term inflammatory lung diseases. Many other conditions have a chronic inflammatory component, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, osteoarthritis and old age. Such background inflammation is linked to a range of adverse outcomes, including all-cause mortality, sarcopenia and other markers of frailty. Exercise, including pulmonary rehabilitation, has an anti-inflammatory effect on innate immune chemistry, and improves outcomes in a variety of conditions, although for most diagnostic groups there is no consistent structured programme similar to pulmonary rehabilitation. The authors contend that the pulmonary rehabilitation model could be used generically to treat other chronic and post-acute inflammatory states and thereby reduce the risk of frailty and other adverse outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tanner
- Foundation Doctor, Department of Medicine, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, Dorset
| | - M Vassallo
- Consultant Physician and Visiting Professor, Department of Medicine, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, Dorset and Centre for Postgraduate Medical Research and Education, Bournemouth University, Dorset
| | - Jsk Kwan
- Clinical Associate Professor and Honorary Consultant Physician, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S C Allen
- Consultant Physician and Visiting Professor, Department of Medicine, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, Dorset BH7 7DW and Centre for Postgraduate Medical Research and Education, Bournemouth University, Dorset
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sahl RE, Andersen PR, Gronbaek K, Morville TH, Rosenkilde M, Rasmusen HK, Poulsen SS, Prats C, Dela F, Helge JW. Repeated Excessive Exercise Attenuates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise in Older Men. Front Physiol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28690546 PMCID: PMC5479888 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Purpose: A number of studies have investigated the effect of training with a moderate exercise dose (3-6 h/weekly) on the inflammatory profile in blood, and the data are inconsistent. Cross-sectional studies indicate a positive effect of physical activity level on inflammation levels and risk of metabolic disease. However, it is not clear whether this may be dose dependent and if very prolonged repeated exercise therefore may be beneficial for low-grade inflammation. Based on this we studied how excessive repeated prolonged exercise influenced low-grade inflammation and adipose tissue anti-inflammatory macrophage content in six older male recreationally trained cyclists. Low-grade inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage content were investigated in six older trained men (age: 61 ± 4 years; VO2peak: 48 ± 2 mL kg-1 min-1) following repeated prolonged exercise. Methods: Cycling was performed daily for 14 days covering in total 2,706 km (1,681 miles). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured before and after the cycling. Duration and intensity of the exercise were determined from heart rates sampled during cycling. An adipose tissue biopsy from subcutaneous abdominal fat and a blood sample were obtained at rest in the overnight fasted state before and after the cycling. Anti-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) were immunohistochemically stained in cross sectional sections using a CD163 binding antibody. The ATM and adipocyte sizes were analyzed blindly. Results: The cyclists exercised daily for 10 h and 31 ± 37 min and average intensity was 53 ± 1% of VO2peak. Body weight remained unchanged and VO2peak decreased by 6 ± 2% (P = 0.04). Plasma inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-18 remained unchanged, as did hsCRP, but plasma IL-6 increased significantly. CD163 macrophage content remained unchanged, as did adipocyte cell size. The HbA1c was not significantly decreased, but there was a trend (P < 0.07) toward an increased insulin resistance as estimated by the Quicki Index. Conclusion: The regular prolonged exercise did not influence abdominal adipose tissue inflammation, but the higher plasma IL-6 concentration concurrent with a trend toward higher insulin resistance and decreased VO2peak implies that the excessive amount of exercise probably attenuated the possible potential anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronni E Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter R Andersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Gronbaek
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Morville
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne K Rasmusen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen S Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kleiven Ø, Bjørkavoll-Bergseth M, Melberg T, Skadberg Ø, Bergseth R, Selvåg J, Auestad B, Aukrust P, Aarsland T, Ørn S. High physical fitness is associated with reduction in basal- and exercise-induced inflammation. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:172-179. [PMID: 28314078 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) increases after strenuous exercise. It has been a concern that prolonged strenuous exercise may be harmful and induce a deleterious inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to (a) assess and quantify the magnitude of CRP response following an endurance cycling competition in healthy middle-aged recreational cyclists. (b) Identify important determinants of this response. (c) Identify the relationship between CRP, myocardial damage (cardiac Troponin I (cTnI)), and myocardial strain (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP]). (d) Identify the relationship between CRP and clinical events, defined as utilization of healthcare services or self-reported unusual discomfort. Race time was used as a measure of physical fitness. A total of 97 individuals (43±10 years of age, 74 [76%] males) were assessed prior to and 0, 3, and 24 hours following the 91-km mountain bike race "Nordsjørittet" (Sandnes, Norway, June 2013). There was a highly significant increase in CRP from baseline to 24 hours (0.9 (0.5-1.8) mg/L vs. 11.6 (6.0-17.5) mg/L (median[IQR]), P<.001), with no correlation of CRP to cTnI and BNP at any time-point. CRP was strongly correlated to race time at baseline (r=.38, P<.001) and at 24 hours following the race (r=.43, P<.001), In multivariate models, race time was an independent predictor of CRP both at baseline and at 24 hours (P<.01). There was no relationship between CRP levels and clinical events. In conclusion, high physical fitness was associated with reduction in both basal- and exercise-induced CRP. No adverse relationship was found between high intensity physical exercise, CRP levels, and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ø Kleiven
- Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - T Melberg
- Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ø Skadberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - R Bergseth
- Senior medical officer, North Sea Race, Sandnes, Norway
| | - J Selvåg
- Department of Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - B Auestad
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - P Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Aarsland
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - S Ørn
- Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholms Gate 41, Stavanger 4036, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Patti ME. Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:465-520. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
Meeting physical activity guidelines is associated with lower allostatic load and inflammation in Mexican Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:574-81. [PMID: 24242155 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Examine the relationship between physical activity (PA) and allostatic load in Mexican-Americans as well as variations by gender. Self-reported PA as well as cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory markers were assessed in 330 Mexican-American adults in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (Brownsville, TX, USA). Dependent variables included total allostatic load, blood pressure, metabolic, and inflammatory scores. PA participation was categorized as sedentary, low, moderate, high, and by whether activity was sufficient to meet public health guidelines. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data, and tested interaction effects of gender and PA. High active participants had lower allostatic load and inflammatory risk than sedentary participants. These relationships held for meeting versus not meeting guidelines. Males meeting guidelines were less likely to have high inflammation than other groups. The data did not suggest a dose-response association. These findings indicate that PA may reduce accumulation of allostatic load, highlighting the importance of a physically active lifestyle across the life span.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zoeller RF. Physical Activity and Obesity: Their Interaction and Implications for Disease Risk and the Role of Physical Activity in Healthy Weight Management. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827607306889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing at an epidemic rate. Increased adiposity, especially central or visceral adiposity, is predictive of cardiovascular disease/coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The increased risk for cardiovascular disease/coronary heart disease and metabolic abnormalities associated with abdominal obesity may be mediated, at least in part, by increased systemic inflammation. Greater physical activity and/or fitness may reduce inflammation associated with greater visceral adiposity. Increased adiposity and low levels of physical activity and/or fitness are risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and type 2 diabetes, as well as the increased mortality associated with them. Increased physical activity/fitness reduces disease and mortality risk regardless of body mass index but does not completely abrogate the risks associated with obesity. Both moderate to vigorous physical activity and weight loss independently reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes and improve glucose/insulin metabolism via di ferent mechanisms. Physical activity on the order of 2500 to 2800 kcal/wk may be necessary to prevent weight gain or maintain weight loss. Strength training is recommended as an adjunct to regular aerobic exercise but not as the primary mode of exercise for weight loss. Individuals are strongly encouraged to engage in regular physical activity because of the known health benefits, regardless of whether that activity results in weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Zoeller
- Department of Exercise Science & Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Al-Eisa ES. Green tea and exercise interventions as nondrug remedies in geriatric patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2820-2829. [PMID: 27821943 PMCID: PMC5088134 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of green tea and supervised exercise training
interventions on improvement of disease activity and bone metabolism markers in rheumatoid
arthritis patients. [Subjects and Methods] One-hundred and twenty subjects who had a mean
age of (60.7 ± 2.53 years) and had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at least ten
years previously were randomly included in this study. Patients were treated with
infliximab, green tea, or a supervised exercise program for six months. Disease activity
markers as well as antioxidant activity of green tea extracts were estimated before
supplementation using in vitro assays. [Results] Rheumatoid arthritis patients treated
with green tea for 6 months alone or in combination with infliximab or an exercise program
showed significant improvement in disease activity parameters, including C-reactive
protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, swollen and tender joints counts, and
modified Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire score, along with an increase in serum
levels of bone resorption markers, i.e., deoxypyridinoline, amino-terminal telopeptide of
type 1 collagen, and bone alkaline phosphatase, at 6 months of after initial treatment.
The European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology scores
revealed more clinical improvement in the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis
patients treated with green tea along with exercise compared with rheumatoid arthritis
patients treated with infliximab or exercise combinations. This may have been due to the
higher potential antioxidant activity of green tea (89.6% to 96.5%). [Conclusion] Both
exercise and green tea interventions appeared to be beneficial as nondrug modulates for
rheumatoid arthritis disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University: Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University: Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Einas S Al-Eisa
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University: Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pedersen BK. State of the Art Reviews: Health Benefits Related to Exercise in Patients With Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827607301410.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, there is substantial evidence to suggest that regular exercise has health-promoting effects, which are beyond its effect on weight control. Regular exercise offers protection against all-cause mortality, and there is evidence from randomized intervention studies that physical training is effective as a treatment in patients with chronic heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, and symptoms related with the metabolic syndrome. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise that are mediated by muscle-derived cytokines (myokines). It is suggested that myokines may be involved in mediating the health-beneficial effects of exercise and that these in particular are involved in the protection against chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Exercise-based interventions and C-reactive protein in overweight and obese youths: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:522-7. [PMID: 26690715 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most commonly measured markers of inflammation in clinical settings is C-reactive protein (CRP). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of physical exercise interventions on modifying the levels of serum CRP in children and adolescents with excess of weight. METHODS Two independent reviewers assessed articles from seven databases. Studies were limited to physical exercise interventions in children and adolescents diagnosed as overweight or obese, and including a comparison control group. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated using random-effects model and potential moderators were explored (i.e., weight status, ages, duration of study, frequency of exercise per week, and duration of session). The heterogeneity of the studies was estimated using Cochran's Q-statistic and I(2). RESULTS Nine randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria (n = 427 youths). Overall, results suggest a nonsignificant trend toward a reduction CRP levels (WMD = -0.72 mg/l; 95% confidence interval: -1.52 to 0.08; P = 0.077). Also, there were not significant moderators of exercise effects on CRP. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise programs in children and adolescents not mitigate the inflammatory effects of excess weight, although there was a trend toward reduction.
Collapse
|
30
|
Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7239639. [PMID: 26823952 PMCID: PMC4707375 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7239639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular diseases, the molecular transducers of exercise/physical activity benefits are not fully identified but should be further investigated in more integrative and innovative approaches, as they bear the potential for transformative discoveries of novel therapeutic targets. As aging and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated via complex and interconnected pathways, we will focus in this review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise, mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, immune system, and cardiovascular system by modulating anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines profile, redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, and repair proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome complex, oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, uracil DNA glycosylase, and telomerase. It is important to note that the effects of exercise vary depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise as well as on the individual's characteristics; therefore, the development of personalized exercise programs is essential.
Collapse
|
31
|
Domene PA, Moir HJ, Pummell E, Knox A, Easton C. The health-enhancing efficacy of Zumba® fitness: An 8-week randomised controlled study. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1396-404. [PMID: 26571136 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain a holistic understanding of the efficacy of Zumba® fitness in a community-recruited cohort of overweight and physically inactive women by evaluating (i) its physiological effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers and (ii) its mental health-enhancing effects on factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Participants were randomly assigned to either engagement in one to two 1 h classes of Zumba® fitness weekly (intervention group; n = 10) or maintenance of habitual activity (control group; n = 10). Laboratory assessments were conducted pre- (week 0) and post-intervention (week 8) with anthropometric, physiological, inflammatory and HRQoL data collected. In the intervention group, maximal oxygen uptake significantly increased (P < 0.05; partial η(2) = 0.56) by 3.1 mL · kg(-1) · min(-1), per cent body fat significantly decreased (P < 0.05; partial η(2) = 0.42) by -1.2%, and interleukin-6 and white blood cell (WBC) count both significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by -0.4 pg · mL(-1) (partial η(2) = 0.96) and -2.1 × 10(9) cells · L(-1) (partial η(2) = 0.87), respectively. Large magnitude enhancements were observed in the HRQoL factors of physical functioning, general health, energy/fatigue and emotional well-being. When interpreted in a community-based physical activity and psychosocial health promotion context, our data suggest that Zumba® fitness is indeed an efficacious health-enhancing activity for adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Domene
- a Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing , Kingston University , Kingston upon Thames , United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Moir
- a Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing , Kingston University , Kingston upon Thames , United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Pummell
- a Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing , Kingston University , Kingston upon Thames , United Kingdom
| | - Allan Knox
- b Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science , University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton , United Kingdom
| | - Chris Easton
- b Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science , University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Richardson MR, Boyer WR, Johnson TM, Churilla JR. Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity and C-Reactive Protein in U.S. Adults. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 13:453-7. [PMID: 26451493 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed inverse associations between physical activity (PA) and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, few studies have examined associations between vigorous intensity PA (VIPA) and CRP using nationally representative samples. METHODS The sample (n = 14,461) included adults (≥20 years of age) who participated in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Reported VIPA was categorized into none, insufficient (<500 MET·min·wk(-1)), and meeting the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services PA recommendation (≥500 MET·min·wk(-1)). The dependent variable was elevated CRP (3<CRP≤10mg/L). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds and adjust for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Analysis revealed significantly lower odds of having elevated CRP for those reporting volumes of VIPA meeting the 2008 DHHS PA recommendation (odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.87, P = 0.0004). Adjustment for several metabolic risk factors minimally affected the observed associations. CONCLUSIONS In a representative sample of U.S. adults, volumes of VIPA meeting current recommendations was associated with significantly lower odds of having an elevated CRP level when compared to those reporting no VIPA. These results suggest an inverse relationship may exist between VIPA and elevated CRP levels. Future studies should examine the associations among objectively measured VIPA, CRP, and other markers of metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Richardson
- 1 Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - William R Boyer
- 2 College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Tammie M Johnson
- 2 Department of Public Health, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - James R Churilla
- 1 Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida , Jacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rombaldi AJ, Pellanda LC, Bielemann RM, Gigante DP, Hallal PC, Horta BL. Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations between Physical Activity and C-Reactive Protein in Males. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125984. [PMID: 25961844 PMCID: PMC4427448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is conflicting evidence about the association between physical activity and inflammatory markers. Few prospective studies are available, particularly from low and middle-income countries. This study was aimed at assessing the cross-sectional and prospective associations between physical activity and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in males belonging to the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. Methods The sample comprised 2,213 males followed up at the ages of 18 and 23 years. We performed high sensitivity CRP assays; we used a cut-off of 3 mg/L in categorical analyses. We measured physical activity by self-report at ages 18 and 23 years. Body mass index and waist circumference were studies as possible mediators. Results CRP levels above the 3mg/L cut-off were found in 13.3% (95%CI: 11.7; 14.8) of the individuals. We found no evidence for an association between physical activity (leisure-time or all-domains) and either continuous (geometrical mean) or categorical CRP. We confirmed these null findings in (a) prospective and cross-sectional analyses; (b) trajectories analyses. Conclusions There was no association between CRP levels and physical activity levels in early adulthood in a large birth cohort. Little variability in CRP at this early age is the likely explanation for these null findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aírton J. Rombaldi
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education. Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Lúcia C. Pellanda
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata M. Bielemann
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology. Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Denise P. Gigante
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology. Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Pedro C. Hallal
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education. Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology. Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo L. Horta
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology. Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ulven SM, Foss SS, Skjølsvik AM, Stadheim HK, Myhrstad MC, Raael E, Sandvik M, Narverud I, Andersen LF, Jensen J, Holven KB. An acute bout of exercise modulate the inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy young men. Arch Physiol Biochem 2015; 121:41-9. [PMID: 25720858 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2014.1003566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise increases the levels of circulating inflammatory mediators. OBJECTIVE Does an acute bout of exercise affect the mRNA gene expression level of inflammatory markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and contribute to the circulating levels of inflammatory mediators? MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten healthy, non-smoking men (22-28 years old) performed 1-hour cycling at 70% of VO2 max. RESULTS The gene transcripts of CXCL16, IL-1β, IL-8, COX-2, TXB21 and GATA3 were significantly up-regulated in PBMCs. Serum levels of CXCL16, IL-6, TNFα and IL-10 were also significantly increased after exercise. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Increased mRNA transcription of inflammatory genes in PBMCs may contribute to increased level of inflammatory markers after an acute bout of exercise. The increased mRNA levels of GATA-3 and TXB21 may indicate that T cell lymphocytes are activated and secrete cytokines into the circulation. It needs to be further investigated if exercise changes the Th1/Th2 balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stine M Ulven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , St Olavsplass, Oslo , Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effects of 8-week combined training on body composition, isokinetic strength, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2015; 27:179-86. [PMID: 24997614 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-014-0257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Decline in muscle endurance and strength as well as attenuated cardiac function with aging not only leads to overall physical function decline but also has a close relationship with cardiovascular disease occurrence. This study examined the effects of an 8-week combined training program (i.e., consisting of both aerobic and resistance training) on body composition, isokinetic strength, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in older women. METHODS Nineteen women, aged 65-75 years, were randomly assigned to either a combined training (CT, n = 9) or an aerobic training (AT, n = 10) group. Body composition and isokinetic strength were assessed before and after the exercise program. Blood samples were collected to identify CVD risk factors. RESULTS At the end of the training program, body mass, body fat mass, percent body fat, and body mass index decreased significantly and lean mass increased significantly in the CT group compared with those in the AT group (p < 0.05). Isokinetic strength was also significantly greater in the CT group than in the AT group (p < 0.05). In addition, the C-reactive protein level was significantly lower in the CT group than in the AT group, whereas interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS An 8-week combined exercise program benefits body composition, especially lean mass, and positively affects isokinetic strength and CVD risk factors. Therefore, increasing lean mass and strength by continuously participating in a combined exercise program may be an effective treatment for preventing and improving CVD in older women.
Collapse
|
36
|
Phillips SA, Mahmoud AM, Brown MD, Haus JM. Exercise interventions and peripheral arterial function: implications for cardio-metabolic disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 57:521-34. [PMID: 25529367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for the development of obesity and other cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a key event in the development of CVD and is associated with a sedentary lifestyle in otherwise healthy adults. In addition, vascular endothelial dysfunction may be exacerbated in sedentary individuals who are obese and insulin resistant, since excess body fat is associated with elevated levels of pro-atherogenic inflammatory adipokines and cytokines that reduce the nitric oxide (NO) and other upstream paracrine signaling substances which reduces vascular health. Since blood flow-related shear stress is a major stimulus to NO release from the endothelium, disturbed flow or low shear stress is the likely mechanism by which vascular endothelial function is altered with inactivity. Evidence shows that regular physical exercise has beneficial effects on CVD and the risk factors that promote peripheral arterial function and health. Both aerobic and resistance exercise training are generally believed to improve endothelial function and are commonly recommended for CV health, including the management of obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. However, many factors including age, disease status, and race appear to influence these outcomes. Although evidence supporting the health benefits of exercise is compelling, the optimum prescription (volume and intensity) and the exact mechanism underlying the effects of exercise training on arterial function and cardiometabolic risk has yet to be identified. The focus of this review will be on the evidence supporting exercise interventions for peripheral arterial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Abeer M Mahmoud
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael D Brown
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jacob M Haus
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eckardt K, Görgens SW, Raschke S, Eckel J. Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1087-99. [PMID: 24676645 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the body in non-obese individuals and is now considered to be an active endocrine organ releasing a host of so-called myokines. These myokines are part of a complex network that mediates communication between muscle, the liver, adipose tissue, the brain and other organs. Recent data suggest that myokines regulated by muscle contraction may play a key role in mediating the health-promoting effects of regular physical activity. Although hundreds of myokines have recently been described in proteomic studies, we currently have a rather limited knowledge of the specific role these myokines play in the prevention of insulin resistance, inflammation and associated metabolic dysfunction. Several myokines are known to have both local and endocrine functions, but in many cases the contribution of physical activity to the systemic level of these molecules remains as yet unexplored. Very recently, novel myokines such as irisin, which is thought to induce a white to brown shift in adipocytes, have gained considerable interest as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the most recent findings on the role of myokines in the regulation of substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We further explore the role of myokines in the regulation of inflammation and provide a critical assessment of irisin and other myokines regarding their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Eckardt
- German Diabetes Center, Paul Langerhans Group for Integrative Physiology, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mlakar P, Salobir B, Čobo N, Jug B, Terčelj M, Šabovič M. The Effect of Short-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation After Acute Myocardial Infarction on High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12:149-55. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2013.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Polona Mlakar
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy and Clinic of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Salobir
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Borut Jug
- Clinic of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjeta Terčelj
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Clinic of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gomez-Marcos MA, Recio-Rodríguez JI, Patino-Alonso MC, Martinez-Vizcaino V, Martin-Borras C, de-la-Cal-dela-Fuente A, Sauras-Llera I, Sanchez-Perez A, Agudo-Conde C, García-Ortiz L. Relationship between physical activity and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in adults without chronic diseases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87954. [PMID: 24498413 PMCID: PMC3912191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the relationship between regular physical activity, as assessed by accelerometer and 7-day physical activity recall (PAR), and plasma fibrinogen concentrations. Methods A cross-sectional study in a previously established cohort of healthy subjects was performed. This study analyzed 1284 subjects who were included in the EVIDENT study (mean age 55.0±13.6 years; 60.90% women). Fibrinogen concentrations were measured in blood plasma. Physical activity was assessed with a 7-day PAR (metabolic equivalents (METs)/hour/week) and GT3X ActiGraph accelerometer (counts/minute) for 7 days. Results Physical exercise, which was evaluated with both an accelerometer (Median: 237.28 counts/minute) and 7-day PAR (Median: 8 METs/hour/week). Physical activity was negatively correlated with plasma fibrinogen concentrations, which was evaluated by counts/min (r = −0.100; p<0.001) and METs/hour/week (r = −0.162; p<0.001). In a multiple linear regression analysis, fibrinogen concentrations of the subjects who performed more physical activity (third tertile of count/minute and METs/hour/week) respect to subjects who performed less (first tertile), maintained statistical significance after adjustments for age and others confounders (β = −0.03; p = 0.046 and β = −0.06; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions Physical activity, as assessed by accelerometer and 7-day PAR, was negatively associated with plasma fibrinogen concentrations. This relation is maintained in subjects who performed more exercise even after adjusting for age and other confounders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - José I. Recio-Rodríguez
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria C. Patino-Alonso
- Stadistics Department, University of Salamanca, and Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Carme Martin-Borras
- DEA, Ciències de l'Educació i l'Esport (FPCEE) Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ines Sauras-Llera
- Torre Ramona Health Center, Aragón Health Service – Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Perez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Bizkaia, Basque Health Service-Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristina Agudo-Conde
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Di Raimondo D, Tuttolomondo A, Buttà C, Casuccio A, Giarrusso L, Miceli G, Licata G, Pinto A. Metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of a home-based programme of aerobic physical exercise. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:1247-53. [PMID: 24246205 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Regular exercise demonstrated the ability to provide enormous benefits to many diseases, atherosclerotic-based, degenerative and neoplastic, but also to grant anti-inflammatory actions, assessed by various authors in different populations. Despite of these clear benefits, many patients are unable to attain long-term results through chronic physical activity for different causes. On this basis, the aim of our study was to assess the metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of a home-based programme of fast walking in patients affected by metabolic syndrome (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 176 subjects with MS as stated by ATP III criteria. Patients were invited to walk for 1 h every day 5 days a week for 24 weeks. The walking velocity was required higher than the one retained 'comfortable' by the patient, previously assessed in the run-in visit. Monitoring of physical activity was carried out through an OMRON step counter type Walking Style II. All the subjects enrolled completed the training period. RESULTS After the 24 weeks of intervention body mass index changed from 31.59 to 29.23 (p < 0.001); mean waist circumference passed from 105.19 to 100.06 cm (p < 0.001); mean fasting glucose changed from 119.76 to 114.32 mg/dl (p < 0.001); for diabetic population (n = 70) mean glicated haemoglobin levels changed from 7.38% to 6.86% (p < 0.001); total cholesterol levels from 192.15 to 185.78 mg/dl (p < 0.001); HDL cholesterol levels raised from 44.03 to 47.63 mg/dl (p < 0.001); triglycerides levels lowered from 148.29 to 135.20 mg/dl (p < 0.001); WBC changed from 7361.08 to 7022.56/mm(3) (p < 0.001); hs-CRP from 0.55 to 0.28 mg/dl (p < 0.001); fibrinogen serum levels lowered from 339.68 to 314.86 mg/dl (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A long-term home-based programme of aerobic physical activity improves metabolic asset and reduces systemic inflammation in sedentary people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Di Raimondo
- U.O.C. Medicina Vascolare, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu SH, Shu XO, Chow WH, Xiang YB, Zhang X, Li HL, Cai Q, Milne G, Ji BT, Cai H, Rothman N, Gao YT, Zheng W, Yang G. Nonexercise physical activity and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 23:159-67. [PMID: 24168102 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leisure time exercise has been linked to lower circulating levels of inflammatory markers. Few studies have examined the association of nonexercise physical activity with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 1005 Chinese women aged 40-70 years. Usual physical activity was assessed through in-person interviews using a validated physical activity questionnaire. Plasma proinflammatory cytokines and urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured. Multivariable linear models were used to evaluate the association of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers with nonexercise physical activity and its major components. RESULTS Nonexercise physical activity accounted for 93.8% of overall physical activity energy expenditure. Levels of nonexercise physical activity were inversely associated with circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 (Ptrend=0.004), IL-1β (Ptrend=0.03) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (Ptrend=0.01). Multivariable-adjusted concentrations of these cytokines were 28.2% for IL-6, 22.1% for IL-1β, and 15.9% for TNF-α lower in the highest quartile of nonexercise physical activity compared with the lowest quartile. Similar inverse associations were found for two major components of nonexercise physical activity, walking and biking for transportation, and household activity. No significant associations were observed between nonexercise physical activity and oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Daily nonexercise physical activity is associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation. This finding may have important public health implications because this type of activity is the main contributor to overall physical activity among middle-aged and elderly women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hui Wu
- 1 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fletcher GF, Ades PA, Kligfield P, Arena R, Balady GJ, Bittner VA, Coke LA, Fleg JL, Forman DE, Gerber TC, Gulati M, Madan K, Rhodes J, Thompson PD, Williams MA. Exercise standards for testing and training: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013; 128:873-934. [PMID: 23877260 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31829b5b44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1235] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
43
|
Strohacker K, Wing RR, McCaffery JM. Contributions of body mass index and exercise habits on inflammatory markers: a cohort study of middle-aged adults living in the USA. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e002623. [PMID: 23793684 PMCID: PMC3657650 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine whether body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) above, at or below MET minute per week (MMW) levels recommended in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines interact or have additive effects on interleukin (IL)-6, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin6 (IL-6) soluble receptor (IL-6sr), soluble E-selectin and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1. DESIGN Archived cohort data (n=1254, age 54.5±11.7 year, BMI 29.8±6.6 kg/m(2)) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the USA (MIDUS) Biomarkers Study were analysed for concentrations of inflammatory markers using general linear models. MMW was defined as no regular exercise, <500 MMW, 500-1000 MMW, >1000 MMW and BMI was defined as <25, 25-29.9, ≥30 kg/m(2). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, smoking and relevant medication use. SETTING Respondents reported to three centres to complete questionnaires and provide blood samples. PARTICIPANTS Participants were men and women currently enroled in the MIDUS Biomarker Project (n=1254, 93% non-Hispanic white, average age 54.5 years). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Concentration of serum IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen, IL-6sr, sE-selectin and sICAM. RESULTS Significant interactions were found between BMI and MMW for CRP and sICAM-1 (p<0.05). CRP in overweight individuals was similar to that in obese individuals when no PA was reported, but it was similar to normal weight when any level of regular PA was reported. sICAM-1 was differentially lower in obese individuals who reported >1000 MMW compared to obese individuals reporting less exercise. CONCLUSIONS The association of exercise with CRP and sICAM-1 differed by BMI, suggesting that regular exercise may buffer weight-associated elevations in CRP in overweight individuals while higher levels of exercise may be necessary to reduce sICAM-1 or CRP in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Strohacker
- The Miriam Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moro-García MA, Alonso-Arias R, López-Larrea C. When Aging Reaches CD4+ T-Cells: Phenotypic and Functional Changes. Front Immunol 2013; 4:107. [PMID: 23675374 PMCID: PMC3650461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond midlife, the immune system shows aging features and its defensive capability becomes impaired, by a process known as immunosenescence that involves many changes in the innate and adaptive responses. Innate immunity seems to be better preserved globally, while the adaptive immune response exhibits profound age-dependent modifications. Elderly people display a decline in numbers of naïve T-cells in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, while, in contrast, their proportion of highly differentiated effector and memory T-cells, such as the CD28null T-cells, increases markedly. Naïve and memory CD4+ T-cells constitute a highly dynamic system with constant homeostatic and antigen-driven proliferation, influx, and loss of T-cells. Thymic activity dwindles with age and essentially ceases in the later decades of life, severely constraining the generation of new T-cells. Homeostatic control mechanisms are very effective at maintaining a large and diverse subset of naïve CD4+ T-cells throughout life, but although later than in CD8 + T-cell compartment, these mechanisms ultimately fail with age.
Collapse
|
45
|
A consideration of biomarkers to be used for evaluation of inflammation in human nutritional studies. Br J Nutr 2013; 109 Suppl 1:S1-34. [PMID: 23343744 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To monitor inflammation in a meaningful way, the markers used must be valid: they must reflect the inflammatory process under study and they must be predictive of future health status. In 2009, the Nutrition and Immunity Task Force of the International Life Sciences Institute, European Branch, organized an expert group to attempt to identify robust and predictive markers, or patterns or clusters of markers, which can be used to assess inflammation in human nutrition studies in the general population. Inflammation is a normal process and there are a number of cells and mediators involved. These markers are involved in, or are produced as a result of, the inflammatory process irrespective of its trigger and its location and are common to all inflammatory situations. Currently, there is no consensus as to which markers of inflammation best represent low-grade inflammation or differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation or between the various phases of inflammatory responses. There are a number of modifying factors that affect the concentration of an inflammatory marker at a given time, including age, diet and body fatness, among others. Measuring the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream under basal conditions is probably less informative compared with data related to the concentration change in response to a challenge. A number of inflammatory challenges have been described. However, many of these challenges are poorly standardised. Patterns and clusters may be important as robust biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is likely that a combination of multiple inflammatory markers and integrated readouts based upon kinetic analysis following defined challenges will be the most informative biomarker of inflammation.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen M, He M, Min X, Pan A, Zhang X, Yao P, Li X, Liu Y, Yuan J, Chen W, Zhou L, Fang W, Liang Y, Wang Y, Miao X, Lang M, Zhang P, Li D, Guo H, Yang H, Hu FB, Wu T. Different physical activity subtypes and risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese people. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53258. [PMID: 23308175 PMCID: PMC3538758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is growing rapidly in China. Tai chi and dancing are common types of exercise among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. It remains unclear whether these activities are associated with a lower risk of MetS. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 15,514 individuals (6,952 men, 8,562 women) aged 50 to 70 years from the Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort in Shiyan, China participated in a cross-sectional study. Physical activity and other lifestyle factors were assessed with semi-structured questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. MetS was defined by the current National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans. The prevalence of MetS was 33.2% in the study population. In the multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses, total physical activity levels were monotonically associated with a lower odds of MetS [OR 0.75 comparing extreme quintiles, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-0.86, P<0.001]. Compared with non-exercisers in a specific exercise type, jogging (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-1.00, P = 0.046), tai chi (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60-0.88, P<0.001), and dancing (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-0.67, P<0.001) were associated with significantly lower odds of MetS. Furthermore, each 1-h/week increment in tai chi and dancing was associated with a 5% (95% CI 2%-9%) and a 9% (95% CI 6%, 12%) lower risk of MetS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Jogging, tai chi and dancing are associated with a significantly lower risk of having MetS in middle-aged and older Chinese. Future intervention studies should consider the role of jogging, tai chi and dancing in preventing MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meian He
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Dongfeng Central Hospital, Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - An Pan
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Yao
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiulou Li
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuewei Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingjian Lang
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peng Zhang
- Dongfeng Central Hospital, Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Dongfeng Central Hospital, Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Guo
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Dongfeng Central Hospital, Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tangchun Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dudgeon WD, Jaggers JR, Phillips KD, Durstine JL, Burgess SE, Lyerly GW, Davis JM, Hand GA. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Body Composition and Improves Physiological Markers of Stress in HIV-Infected Men. ISRN AIDS 2012; 2012:145127. [PMID: 24052871 PMCID: PMC3767244 DOI: 10.5402/2012/145127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS and its treatment often alter body composition and result in poorer physical functioning. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a moderate-intensity exercise program on body composition and the hormones and cytokines associated with adverse health outcomes. HIV-infected males (N = 111) were randomized to an exercise group (EX) who completed 6 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training, or to a nonintervention control group (CON). In pre- and postintervention, body composition was estimated via DXA, peak strength was assessed, and resting blood samples were obtained. There was a decrease in salivary cortisol at wake (P = 0.025) in the EX and a trend (P = 0.07) for a decrease 1 hour after waking. The EX had a significant increase in lean tissue mass (LTM) (P < 0.001) following the intervention. Those in the EX below median body fat (20%) increased LTM (P = 0.014) only, while those above 20% decreased fat mass (P = 0.02), total fat (N = 0.009), and trunk fat (P = 0.001), while also increasing LTM (P = 0.027). Peak strength increased between 14% and 28% on all exercises in the EX group. These data indicate that 6 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training can decrease salivary cortisol levels, improve physical performance, and improve body composition in HIV-infected men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley David Dudgeon
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, The Citadel, 171 Moultrie Street, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ertek S, Cicero A. Impact of physical activity on inflammation: effects on cardiovascular disease risk and other inflammatory conditions. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:794-804. [PMID: 23185187 PMCID: PMC3506236 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.31614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 19(th) century, many studies have enlightened the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, changing our perception of "vessel plaque due to oxidized lipoproteins", similar to a "rusted pipe", towards a disease with involvement of many cell types and cytokines with more complex mechanisms. Although "physical activity" and "physical exercise" are two terms with some differences in meaning, compared to sedentary lifestyle, active people have lower cardiovascular risk and lower inflammatory markers. Activities of skeletal muscle reveal "myokines" which have roles in both the immune system and adipose tissue metabolism. In vitro and ex-vivo studies have shown beneficial effects of exercise on inflammation markers. Meanwhile in clinical studies, some conflicting results suggested that type of activity, exercise duration, body composition, gender, race and age may modulate anti-inflammatory effects of physical exercise. Medical data on patients with inflammatory diseases have shown beneficial effects of exercise on disease activity scores, patient well-being and inflammatory markers. Although the most beneficial type of activity and the most relevant patient group for anti-inflammatory benefits are still not clear, studies in elderly and adult people generally support anti-inflammatory effects of physical activity and moderate exercise could be advised to patients with cardiovascular risk such as patients with metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ertek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ufuk University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arrigo Cicero
- Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Disease Department, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Vanhees L, Geladas N, Hansen D, Kouidi E, Niebauer J, Reiner Ž, Cornelissen V, Adamopoulos S, Prescott E, Börjesson M. Importance of characteristics and modalities of physical activity and exercise in the management of cardiovascular health in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors: recommendations from the EACPR (Part II). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2011; 19:1005-33. [DOI: 10.1177/1741826711430926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N Geladas
- University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Hansen
- University Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - E Kouidi
- Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J Niebauer
- Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ž Reiner
- University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - E Prescott
- Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Börjesson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Goteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|