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Khoshnood Z. A review on toxic effects of pesticides in Zebrafish, Danio rerio and common carp, Cyprinus carpio, emphasising Atrazine herbicide. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101694. [PMID: 39131695 PMCID: PMC11314875 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides has emerged as a pressing environmental concern nowadays. These chemical compounds pose a significant threat to aquatic organisms due to their toxic effects. Zebrafish and common carp are two common species used in pesticide toxicity studies. Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is one of the most prevalent globally, detectable in nearly all surface waters. This article examines existing literature to provide a comprehensive review of the toxic effects of Atrazine on Zebrafish and common carp. The findings reveal that exposure to atrazine triggers a range of biochemical, physiological, behavioral, and genetic alterations in these fish species, even at concentrations deemed environmentally relevant. These changes could have severe consequences, including increased mortality rates, reproductive failures, and potentially leading to fish populations decline. It is, therefore, imperative to prioritize stringent regulatory measures to curb the usage of this herbicide and safeguard fish species as unintended victims of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khoshnood
- Department of Biology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
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2
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Rubira RJG, Correia RR, Batista VRG, Pazin WM, González FG, Otero JC, Teixeira GR, Job AE. Assessing the negative impact of chlorantraniliprole, isoxaflutole, and simazine pesticides on phospholipid membrane models and tilapia gill tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123904. [PMID: 38565392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The indiscriminate and, very often, incorrect use of pesticides in Brazil, as well as in other countries, results in severe levels of environmental pollution and intoxication of human life. Herein, we studied plasma membrane models (monolayer and bilayer) of the phospholipid Dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) using Langmuir films, and large (LUVs) and giant (GUVs) unilamellar vesicles, to determine the effect of the pesticides chlorantraniliprole (CLTP), isoxaflutole (ISF), and simazine (SMZ), used in sugarcane. CLTP affects the lipid organization of the bioinspired models of DOPC π-A isotherms, while ISF and SMZ pesticides significantly affect the LUVs and GUVs. Furthermore, the in vivo study of the gill tissue in fish in the presence of pesticides (2.0 × 10-10 mol/L for CLTP, 8.3 × 10-9 mol/L for ISF, and SMZ at 9.9 × 10-9 mol/L) was performed using optical and fluorescence images. This investigation was motivated by the gill lipid membranes, which are vital for regulating transporter activity through transmembrane proteins, crucial for maintaining ionic balance in fish gills. In this way, the presence of phospholipids in gills offers a model for understanding their effects on fish health. Histological results show that exposure to CLTP, ISF, and SMZ may interfere with vital gill functions, leading to respiratory disorders and osmoregulation dysfunction. The results indicate that exposure to pesticides caused severe morphological alterations in fish, which could be correlated with their impact on the bioinspired membrane models. Moreover, the effect does not depend on the exposure period (24h and 96h), showing that animals exposed to pesticides for a short period suffer irreparable damage to gill tissue. In summary, we can conclude that the harm caused by pesticides, both in membrane models and in fish gills, occurs due to contamination of the aquatic system with pesticides. Therefore, water quality is vital for the preservation of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J G Rubira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael R Correia
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor R G Batista
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wallance M Pazin
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Francisco G González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Juan C Otero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo E Job
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
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Abarikwu SO, Ezim OE, Ikeji CN, Farombi EO. Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1246708. [PMID: 37876981 PMCID: PMC10590919 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1246708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. At the level of human exposure, ATZ reduces sperm count and contribute to infertility in men. ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. This results in differing cytotoxic responses that are influenced by the nature of target cells, assay types and concentrations of ATZ. However, oxidative stress could play salient role in the observed cellular and genetic toxicity and apoptosis-like effects which could be abrogated by antioxidant vitamins and flavonoids, including vitamin E, quercetin, kolaviron, myricetin and bioactive extractives with antioxidant effects. This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O. Abarikwu
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu E. Ezim
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Cynthia N. Ikeji
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O. Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Loken LC, Corsi SR, Alvarez DA, Ankley GT, Baldwin AK, Blackwell BR, De Cicco LA, Nott MA, Oliver SK, Villeneuve DL. Prioritizing Pesticides of Potential Concern and Identifying Potential Mixture Effects in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Passive Samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:340-366. [PMID: 36165576 PMCID: PMC10107608 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To help meet the objectives of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative with regard to increasing knowledge about toxic substances, 223 pesticides and pesticide transformation products were monitored in 15 Great Lakes tributaries using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. A screening-level assessment of their potential for biological effects was conducted by computing toxicity quotients (TQs) for chemicals with available US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Aquatic Life Benchmark values. In addition, exposure activity ratios (EAR) were calculated using information from the USEPA ToxCast database. Between 16 and 81 chemicals were detected per site, with 97 unique compounds detected overall, for which 64 could be assessed using TQs or EARs. Ten chemicals exceeded TQ or EAR levels of concern at two or more sites. Chemicals exceeding thresholds included seven herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diuron, metolachlor, acetochlor, atrazine, simazine, and sulfentrazone), a transformation product (deisopropylatrazine), and two insecticides (fipronil and imidacloprid). Watersheds draining agricultural and urban areas had more detections and higher concentrations of pesticides compared with other land uses. Chemical mixtures analysis for ToxCast assays associated with common modes of action defined by gene targets and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) indicated potential activity on biological pathways related to a range of cellular processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, extracellular signaling, endocrine function, and protection against oxidative stress. Use of gene ontology databases and the AOP knowledgebase within the R-package ToxMixtures highlighted the utility of ToxCast data for identifying and evaluating potential biological effects and adverse outcomes of chemicals and mixtures. Results have provided a list of high-priority chemicals for future monitoring and potential biological effects warranting further evaluation in laboratory and field environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:340-366. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Loken
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - David A. Alvarez
- US Geological SurveyColumbia Environmental Research CenterColombiaMissouriUSA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Brett R. Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Laura A. De Cicco
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michele A. Nott
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Samantha K. Oliver
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
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Plante I, Winn LM, Vaillancourt C, Grigorova P, Parent L. Killing two birds with one stone: Pregnancy is a sensitive window for endocrine effects on both the mother and the fetus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112435. [PMID: 34843719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex process requiring tremendous physiological changes in the mother in order to fulfill the needs of the growing fetus, and to give birth, expel the placenta and nurse the newborn. These physiological modifications are accompanied with psychological changes, as well as with variations in habits and behaviors. As a result, this period of life is considered as a sensitive window as impaired functional and physiological changes in the mother can have short- and long-term impacts on her health. In addition, dysregulation of the placenta and of mechanisms governing placentation have been linked to chronic diseases later-on in life for the fetus, in a concept known as the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). This concept stipulates that any change in the environment during the pre-conception and perinatal (in utero life and neonatal) period to puberty, can be "imprinted" in the organism, thereby impacting the health and risk of chronic diseases later in life. Pregnancy is a succession of events that is regulated, in large part, by hormones and growth factors. Therefore, small changes in hormonal balance can have important effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect both the mother and the fetus giving rise to growing concerns surrounding these exposures. This review will give an overview of changes that happen during pregnancy with respect to the mother, the placenta, and the fetus, and of the current literature regarding the effects of EDCs during this specific sensitive window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Louise M Winn
- Queen's University, School of Environmental Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Petya Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cardona B, Rudel RA. Application of an in Vitro Assay to Identify Chemicals That Increase Estradiol and Progesterone Synthesis and Are Potential Breast Cancer Risk Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:77003. [PMID: 34287026 PMCID: PMC8293912 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Established breast cancer risk factors, such as hormone replacement therapy and reproductive history, are thought to act by increasing estrogen and progesterone (P4) activity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to use in vitro screening data to identify chemicals that increase the synthesis of estradiol (E2) or P4 and evaluate potential risks. METHOD Using data from a high-throughput (HT) in vitro steroidogenesis assay developed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast program, we identified chemicals that increased estradiol (E2-up) or progesterone (P4-up) in human H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells. We prioritized chemicals by their activity. We compiled in vivo studies and assessments about carcinogenicity and reproductive/developmental (repro/dev) toxicity. We identified exposure sources and predicted intakes from the U.S. EPA's ExpoCast. RESULTS We found 296 chemicals increased E2 (182) or P4 (185), with 71 chemicals increasing both. In vivo data often showed effects consistent with this mechanism. Of the E2- and P4-up chemicals, about 30% were likely repro/dev toxicants or carcinogens, whereas only 5-13% were classified as unlikely. However, most of the chemicals had insufficient in vivo data to evaluate their effects. Of 45 chemicals associated with mammary gland effects, and also tested in the H294R assay, 29 increased E2 or P4, including the well-known mammary carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. E2- and P4-up chemicals include pesticides, consumer product ingredients, food additives, and drinking water contaminants. DISCUSSION The U.S. EPA's in vitro screening data identified several hundred chemicals that should be considered as potential risk factors for breast cancer because they increased E2 or P4 synthesis. In vitro data is a helpful addition to current toxicity assessments, which are not sensitive to mammary gland effects. Relevant effects on the mammary gland are often not noticed or are dismissed, including for 2,4-dichlorophenol and cyfluthrin. Fifty-three active E2-up and 59 active P4-up chemicals that are in consumer products, food, pesticides, or drugs have not been evaluated for carcinogenic potential and are priorities for study and exposure reduction. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8608.
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Padmanabhan V, Song W, Puttabyatappa M. Praegnatio Perturbatio-Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:295-353. [PMID: 33388776 PMCID: PMC8152448 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight is considerable across the world. Several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes have been identified. One risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes receiving considerable attention in recent years is gestational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are exposed to a multitude of environmental chemicals with known endocrine-disrupting properties, and evidence suggests exposure to these EDCs have the potential to disrupt the maternal-fetal environment culminating in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. This review addresses the impact of maternal and fetal exposure to environmental EDCs of natural and man-made chemicals in disrupting the maternal-fetal milieu in human leading to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes-a risk factor for adult-onset noncommunicable diseases, the role lifestyle and environmental factors play in mitigating or amplifying the effects of EDCs, the underlying mechanisms and mediators involved, and the research directions on which to focus future investigations to help alleviate the adverse effects of EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenhui Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Padmanabhan V, Moeller J, Puttabyatappa M. Impact of gestational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on pregnancy and birth outcomes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:279-346. [PMID: 34452689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of industrialization, humans are exposed to a wide range of environmental chemicals, many with endocrine disrupting potential. As successful maintenance of pregnancy and fetal development are under tight hormonal control, the gestational exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have the potential to adversely affect the maternal milieu and support to the fetus, fetal developmental trajectory and birth outcomes. This chapter summarizes the impact of exposure to EDCs both individually and as mixtures during pregnancy, the immediate and long-term consequences of such exposures on the mother and fetus, the direct and indirect mechanisms through which they elicit their effects, factors that modify their action, and the research directions to focus future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Moeller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Peng J, Gan J, Ju X, Liu T, Chen J, He L. Analysis of triazine herbicides in fish and seafood using a modified QuEChERS method followed by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ankley GT, Berninger JP, Blackwell BR, Cavallin JE, Collette TW, Ekman DR, Fay KA, Feifarek DJ, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Mosley JD, Poole ST, Randolph EC, Rearick D, Schroeder AL, Swintek J, Villeneuve DL. Pathway-Based Approaches for Assessing Biological Hazards of Complex Mixtures of Contaminants: A Case Study in the Maumee River. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1098-1122. [PMID: 33270248 PMCID: PMC9554926 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of ecological risks of chemicals in the field usually involves complex mixtures of known and unknown compounds. We describe the use of pathway-based chemical and biological approaches to assess the risk of chemical mixtures in the Maumee River (OH, USA), which receives a variety of agricultural and urban inputs. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were deployed in cages for 4 d at a gradient of sites along the river and adjoining tributaries in 2012 and during 2 periods (April and June) in 2016, in conjunction with an automated system to collect composite water samples. More than 100 industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides were detected in water at some of the study sites, with the greatest number typically found near domestic wastewater treatment plants. In 2016, there was an increase in concentrations of several herbicides from April to June at upstream agricultural sites. A comparison of chemical concentrations in site water with single chemical data from vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays suggested the potential for perturbation of multiple biological pathways, including several associated with induction or inhibition of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes. This was consistent with direct effects of water extracts in an HTS assay and induction of hepatic CYPs in caged fish. Targeted in vitro assays and measurements in the caged fish suggested minimal effects on endocrine function (e.g., estrogenicity). A nontargeted mass spectroscopy-based analysis suggested that hepatic endogenous metabolite profiles in caged fish covaried strongly with the occurrence of pesticides and pesticide degradates. These studies demonstrate the application of an integrated suite of measurements to help understand the effects of complex chemical mixtures in the field. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1098-1122. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- GT Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Corresponding Author: Gerald Ankley;
| | - JP Berninger
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - BR Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - JE Cavallin
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - TW Collette
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystem Processes Division, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - DR Ekman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystem Processes Division, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - KA Fay
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - DJ Feifarek
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - KM Jensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - MD Kahl
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - JD Mosley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystem Processes Division, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - ST Poole
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - EC Randolph
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - D Rearick
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - AL Schroeder
- University of Minnesota – Crookston, Math, Science, and Technology Department, Crookston, Minnesota, USA
| | - J Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota. USA
| | - DL Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Komsky-Elbaz A, Kalo D, Roth Z. Carryover effect of atrazine and its metabolite-from treated bovine spermatozoa to the embryo's transcriptome†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1162-1180. [PMID: 33624745 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is an extensively used herbicide and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. ATZ and its metabolite, diaminochlorotriazine (DACT), cause several cellular and functional alterations in spermatozoa. We aimed to examine the effect of ATZ/DACT on spermatozoon DNA integrity, fertilization competence, embryonic development, and transcriptome profile of in vitro-produced embryos derived from fertilization with pre-exposed sperm. Bovine spermatozoa exposed to ATZ (0.1 or 1 μM) or DACT (1 or 10 μM) during in vitro capacitation were used for in vitro fertilization of untreated oocytes. Cleavage and blastocyst-formation rates were evaluated 42 h and 7 days postfertilization, respectively. The association between DNA fragmentation and apoptosis (annexin V kit) was determined. Fertilization competence of annexin-positive (AV+) and annexin-negative (AV-) spermatozoa was examined. Microarray analysis was performed for 7-day blastocysts. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed with control (AV+, AV-) and DACT (AV+, AV-) spermatozoa. Cleavage rates did not differ between groups and blastocyst formation tended to be higher for AV- vs. AV+ in both control and DACT groups, suggesting that acrosome reaction, rather than DNA fragmentation, underlies the reduced cleavage. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 139 and 230 differentially expressed genes in blastocysts derived from ATZ- and DACT-exposed spermatozoa, respectively, relative to controls. Proteomic analysis shown differential expression of proteins in ATZ- or DACT-treated spermatozoa, in particular proteins related to cellular processes and biological pathways. Therefore, we assume that factors delivered by the spermatozoa, regardless of DNA fragmentation, are also involved. Overall, the current study reveals a deleterious carryover effect of ATZ/DACT from the spermatozoa to the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Komsky-Elbaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.,Animal Sperm Research Center, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Kalo
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.,Animal Sperm Research Center, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Z Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.,Animal Sperm Research Center, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Jiang Y, Li X, Piao H, Qin Z, Li J, Sun Y, Wang X, Ma P, Song D. A semi-automatic solid phase extraction system based on MIL-101(Cr) foam-filled syringe for detection of triazines in vegetable oils. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1089-1097. [PMID: 33410576 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, several metal-organic framework-melamine foam columns were first developed and used as a laboratory-made semi-automatic solid phase extraction packed in syringe adsorber for the extraction of six triazine herbicides from vegetable oil samples coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The metal-organic framework-foam columns were prepared using a simple approach by embedding the solid particles in melamine foam using polyvinylidene difluoride physical encapsulation. The method was applicable to a wide variety of metal-organic framework materials, and the incorporated materials retained their unique properties. Key factors that affect the extraction efficiency, including the MIL-101(Cr) amount, sample flow rate, type and volume of the eluting solvent, and flow rate of eluting solvent, were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method exhibited low limits of detection (0.017-0.096 ng/mL, S/N = 3) for six triazines. The relative standard deviations calculated for all herbicides ranged from 0.2 to 14.9%. This study demonstrated that the MIL-101(Cr)-foam column can be used as a high-quality adsorption material for the detection of triazines in vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Huilan Piao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zucheng Qin
- Hunan Warrant Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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13
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Tavalieri YE, Galoppo GH, Canesini G, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro MM. Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110918. [PMID: 32619582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides represent a significant class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to which non-target organisms around the world are constantly exposed. Laboratory studies have found strong evidence showing the endocrine-disruptive potential of these pesticides at environmentally relevant exposure levels. Since the field of endocrine disruption continues to grow in richness and complexity, this review aims to provide an update on the effects of two agricultural pesticides that act as EDCs: atrazine and endosulfan. We will focus mainly on the effects on crocodilians due to their worldwide occurrence in tropical and sub-tropical wetland ecosystems and their ecological and physiological features, which render them vulnerable to exposure to pesticides with endocrine-disrupting action at all life stages. The results here reviewed provide important insights into the effects of hormonally active agricultural pesticides at cellular, tissue, and organ levels in the reproductive system of crocodiles. A better understanding of the effects of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of EDCs on the reproductive system of crocodilians will contribute to protect and improve the health of both wildlife species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Tavalieri
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G H Galoppo
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Canesini
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E H Luque
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M M Muñoz-de-Toro
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Leet JK, Richter CA, Cornman RS, Berninger JP, Bhandari RK, Nicks DK, Zajicek JL, Blazer VS, Tillitt DE. Effects of early life stage exposure of largemouth bass to atrazine or a model estrogen (17α-ethinylestradiol). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9614. [PMID: 33072434 PMCID: PMC7537618 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting contaminants are of continuing concern for potentially contributing to reproductive dysfunction in largemouth and smallmouth bass in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW) and elsewhere. Exposures to atrazine (ATR) have been hypothesized to have estrogenic effects on vertebrate endocrine systems. The incidence of intersex in male smallmouth bass from some regions of CBW has been correlated with ATR concentrations in water. Fish early life stages may be particularly vulnerable to ATR exposure in agricultural areas, as a spring influx of pesticides coincides with spawning and early development. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of early life stage exposure to ATR or the model estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on sexual differentiation and gene expression in gonad tissue. We exposed newly hatched largemouth bass (LMB, Micropterus salmoides) from 7 to 80 days post-spawn to nominal concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 µg ATR/L or 1 or 10 ng EE2/L and monitored histological development and transcriptomic changes in gonad tissue. We observed a nearly 100% female sex ratio in LMB exposed to EE2 at 10 ng/L, presumably due to sex reversal of males. Many gonad genes were differentially expressed between sexes. Multidimensional scaling revealed clustering by gene expression of the 1 ng EE2/L and 100 µg ATR/L-treated male fish. Some pathways responsive to EE2 exposure were not sex-specific. We observed differential expression in male gonad in LMB exposed to EE2 at 1 ng/L of several genes involved in reproductive development and function, including star, cyp11a2, ddx4 (previously vasa), wnt5b, cyp1a and samhd1. Expression of star, cyp11a2 and cyp1a in males was also responsive to ATR exposure. Overall, our results confirm that early development is a sensitive window for estrogenic endocrine disruption in LMB and are consistent with the hypothesis that ATR exposure induces some estrogenic responses in the developing gonad. However, ATR-specific and EE2-specific responses were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Leet
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Catherine A Richter
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Robert S Cornman
- Fort Collins Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jason P Berninger
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramji K Bhandari
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Diane K Nicks
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James L Zajicek
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- Leetown Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Columbia, MO, USA
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Abstract
In this study, the reduction of the pesticide simazine at an initial concentration of 0.7 mg L−1 in water has been investigated using two different technologies: adsorption with powdered and granulated activated carbon, advanced oxidation processes with ozone and finally, the combination of both technologies. The results obtained for a carbon dose of 16 mg L−1 show that powdered activated carbon, with contact times of 60 min, obtained 81% of reduction and in 24 h 92%, while granulated activated carbon at 60 min obtained a reduction of 2%, rising to 34% after 24 h of contact time. Therefore, powdered activated carbon achieves better reductions compared to granulated; when ozone was applied at a dose of 19.7 mg L−1, with a reaction time of 18 min, a reduction of 93% was obtained, achieving a better reduction in less time than with adsorption treatments; however, during oxidation, by-products of simazine were produced. In the combined treatments, with the same doses of carbon and ozone mentioned above, the treatment that starts with ozone followed by activated carbon powder is recommended due to the adsorption in the last phase reaching a 90% reduction of the simazine and its by-products in 38 min of time.
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16
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Trudeau VL, Thomson P, Zhang WS, Reynaud S, Navarro-Martin L, Langlois VS. Agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine axes in amphibians. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 513:110861. [PMID: 32450283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Concern over global amphibian declines and possible links to agrochemical use has led to research on the endocrine disrupting actions of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, metals, and mixtures. Amphibians, like other species, have to partition resources for body maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Recent studies suggest that metabolic impairments induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals, and more particularly agrichemicals, may disrupt physiological constraints associated with these limited resources and could cause deleterious effects on growth and reproduction. Metabolic disruption has hardly been considered for amphibian species following agrichemical exposure. As for metamorphosis, the key thyroid hormone-dependent developmental phase for amphibians, it can either be advanced or delayed by agrichemicals with consequences for juvenile and adult health and survival. While numerous agrichemicals affect anuran sexual development, including sex reversal and intersex in several species, little is known about the mechanisms involved in dysregulation of the sex differentiation processes. Adult anurans display stereotypical male mating calls and female phonotaxis responses leading to successful amplexus and spawning. These are hormone-dependent behaviours at the foundation of reproductive success. Therefore, male vocalizations are highly ecologically-relevant and may be a non-invasive low-cost method for the assessment of endocrine disruption at the population level. While it is clear that agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine systems in frogs, very little has been uncovered regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms at the basis of these actions. This is surprising, given the importance of the frog models to our deep understanding of developmental biology and thyroid hormone action to understand human health. Several agrochemicals were found to have multiple endocrine effects at once (e.g., targeting both the thyroid and gonadal axes); therefore, the assessment of agrochemicals that alter cross-talk between hormonal systems must be further addressed. Given the diversity of life-history traits in Anura, Caudata, and the Gymnophiona, it is essential that studies on endocrine disruption expand to include the lesser known taxa. Research under ecologically-relevant conditions will also be paramount. Closer collaboration between molecular and cellular endocrinologists and ecotoxicologists and ecologists is thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Paisley Thomson
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Wo Su Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martin
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valérie S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada.
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17
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Sheibani Z, Salamat N, Movahedinia A, Hashemitabar M, Bayati V. Using ovarian and brain cell culture from the Mullet, Liza klunzingeri, to assess the inhibitory effects of benzo[a]pyrene on aromatase activity. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:991-1003. [PMID: 32103520 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the toxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on cell viability, aromatase (Aro) activity and steroid production using ovarian and brain cell cultures obtained from Mullet, Liza klunzingeri. The brain and ovary were minced and digested, and the cells were suspended in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 15% and 20% fetal bovine serum. The cell suspensions were seeded on 25-cm2 cell-culture flasks at 1 × 106 cells/mL and incubated at 25 °C for 2 weeks. A BaP concentration of 10-5 mol/L was accepted as the half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Ovarian and brain cells were exposed to different concentrations of BaP [0 (control), 10-6 , 2 × 10-6 , 3 × 10-6 mol/L] and incubated at 30 °C. At different sampling times (0, 12, 24 and 48 h) 40 ng/105 cells of 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) was added to each well. Aro activity, 17β-estradiol (E2) and ATD production were determined. The sensitivity of the cultivated ovarian and brain cells to BaP increased dose dependently. BaP was a potent inhibitor of Aro activity at 2 × 10-6 and 3 × 10-6 mol/L, both in the cultivated brain and ovarian cells at different sampling times, with 10-6 mol/L BaP found to be the least potent Aro inhibitor. E2 production decreased from cultivated ovarian and brain cells treated by different concentrations of BaP. In conclusion, BaP is able to change the activity of Aro and disrupt the biosynthesis of estrogens, and thus affects reproduction in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sheibani
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.,Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Salamat
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - AbdolAli Movahedinia
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemitabar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Scaia MF, de Gregorio LS, Franco-Belussi L, Succi-Domingues M, de Oliveira C. Gonadal, body color, and genotoxic alterations in Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles exposed to nonylphenol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22209-22219. [PMID: 31152429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals are one of the most important factors contributing to worldwide amphibian decline. The 4-nonylphenol (NP) is a degradation product of several compounds, such as detergents and pesticides, affecting the aquatic environment. Here, we test whether treatment with NP has an effect on developing ovarian tissue, nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes, and body darkness in pre-metamorphic tadpoles of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus. Tadpoles were exposed for 14 days to three different concentrations of NP (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) besides the control group, which was maintained only with water. After determining body coloration, animals were euthanized and gonads and blood were collected and processed for histology and genotoxic analysis. Even though most animals were females, intersex tadpoles were observed in control and treated groups and there were no males in any group. The highest concentration of NP showed an increase in atretic oocytes, but the area corresponding to somatic compartment and early and late germ cells were not affected. Furthermore, all treated groups presented higher amount of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes and body darkening when compared with the control group. These results suggest that NP causes genetic damage and morphological alterations in L. catesbeianus tadpoles by disrupting oogenesis, inducing genotoxicity and increasing body coloration. Its effects on gonadal development could cause future impairments in reproduction, while its deleterious effects on genotoxicity and body pigmentation could be used as a biomarker of effect to this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Scaia
- Post-graduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada-CONICET, C1428EGA, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Bairro: Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Lara Salgueiro de Gregorio
- Post-graduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Bairro: Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
- Instituto de Biociências (InBio), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - Maysa Succi-Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Bairro: Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Classius de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Bairro: Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
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Wang F, Yang QW, Zhao WJ, Du QY, Chang ZJ. Effects of short-time exposure to atrazine on miRNA expression profiles in the gonad of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:587. [PMID: 31315571 PMCID: PMC6636164 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrazine is widely used in agriculture and is a known endocrine disrupting chemical. Atrazine can seep into the water body through surface, posing a potential threat to the aquatic ecological environment and human drinking water source. In vertebrate, studies have shown that it can affect reproduction and development seriously, but its molecular mechanism for aquatic animals is unknown. Aquaculture is very common in China, especially common carp, whose females grow faster than males. However, the effects of atrazine on the reproduction of carp, especially miRNA, have not been investigated. RESULTS In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at two key developmental stages were exposed to atrazine in vitro. Sex ratio was observed to analyze the effect of atrazine on the sex. MiRNA expression profiles were analysed to identify miRNAs related to gonad development and to reveal the atrazine mechanisms interfering with gonad differentiation. The results showed that the sex ratio was biased towards females. Atrazine exposure caused significant alteration of multiple miRNAs. Predicted targets of differently-expressed miRNAs were involved in many reproductive biology signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that atrazine promoted the expression of female-biased genes by decreasing miRNAs in primordial gonad. In addition, our results indicate that atrazine can up-regulate aromatase expression through miRNAs, which supports the hypothesis that atrazine has endocrine-disrupting activity by altering the gene expression profile of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonad axis through its corresponding miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Wen Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yan Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Jie Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China.
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Rendic SP, Peter Guengerich F. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes 5-51 as targets of drugs and natural and environmental compounds: mechanisms, induction, and inhibition - toxic effects and benefits. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:256-342. [PMID: 30717606 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1483401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Furthermore, included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- b Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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21
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Wang S, She Y, Hong S, Du X, Yan M, Wang Y, Qi Y, Wang M, Jiang W, Wang J. Dual-template imprinted polymers for class-selective solid-phase extraction of seventeen triazine herbicides and metabolites in agro-products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:686-693. [PMID: 30654286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer (DMIP) was prepared with atrazine and prometryn as the template and applied as a class-specific adsorbent for simultaneously selective solid-phase extraction of seventeen triazine herbicides and metabolites from complex matrices. For comparison, a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) and two single-template imprinted polymers (SMIPs) were also synthesized using the same procedure of DMIP, but in the absence of the template (NIP) or with one template (SMIP). Various parameters affecting the extraction performance of DMIP-SPE were investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment efficiency, class-selectivity and reusability of DMIP-SPE were evaluated. Only DMIP-SPE possessed high affinity and good selective recognition ability for all the seventeen targets including chloro-, thiomethyl- and methoxy- triazines. Further, a DMIP-SPE-LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneously determining trace triazine herbicides and metabolites in maize, wheat and cottonseed samples. The method showed good linearity (r>0.9941) in the range of 10-200 μg kg-1, high sensitivity with low limits of detection of 0.5-8.8 μg kg-1, and satisfactory recoveries of 61.3-105.9% with relative standard deviations of 2.1-10.7%. These results highlighted the good application prospect of the multi/dual-template imprinting strategy in the high-throughput analysis of various concerned contaminants in agro-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yongxin She
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Sihui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xinwei Du
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530000, PR China
| | - Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wenyan Jiang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530000, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Mokhtar MS, Suliman FO, Elbashir AA. Investigation of inclusion complexes of ametryne and atrazine with cucurbit[n]urils (n = 6–8) using experimental and theoretical techniques. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-019-00884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Mokhtar MS, Suliman FO, Elbashir AA. Atrazine and ametryne inclusion complexes with 2-hydroxypropyl-β/γ-cyclodextrin: Spectroscopic studies and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Golbaghi G, Haghdoost MM, Yancu D, Santos YLDL, Doucet N, Patten SA, Sanderson JT, Castonguay A. Organoruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing an Aromatase Inhibitor: Synthesis, Characterization, in Vitro Biological Activity and in Vivo Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos. Organometallics 2019; 38:702-711. [PMID: 31762529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Third-generation aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole (ATZ) and letrozole (LTZ) are widely used to treat estrogen receptor-positive ER+ breast cancers in postmenopausal women. Investigating their ability to coordinate metals could lead to the emergence of a new category of anticancer drug candidates with a broader spectrum of pharmacological activities. In this study, a series of ruthenium (II) arene complexes bearing the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole was synthesized and characterized. Among these complexes, [Ru(η 6 -C6H6)(PPh3)(η 1 -ATZ)Cl]BPh4 (3) was found to be the most stable in cell culture media, to lead to the highest cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity in two ER+ human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D), and to induce a decrease in aromatase activity in H295R cells. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to complex 3 (12.5 μM) did not lead to noticeable signs of toxicity over 96 h, making it a suitable candidate for further in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Golbaghi
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Haghdoost
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Debbie Yancu
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Yossef López de Los Santos
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Annie Castonguay
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
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Chen W, Yang X, Wang B, Wang L, Yu X. The effects and possible mechanisms of triclosan on steroidogenesis in primary rat granulosa cells. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 83:28-37. [PMID: 30447264 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan (TCS) has been detected in human tissues. It can disrupt steroidogenesis in vivo. The study on the effects of TCS on ovarian granulosa cells was lacking. METHODS Primary rat granulosa cells (rGCs) were treated with TCS. Concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) in the cell culture supernatants were measured. Microarray was used to measure gene expression profiles. Pathway analysis was performed to identify signaling networks that linked differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Genes related with steroidogenesis were analyzed. RESULTS TCS increased E2 and P4 production. A total of 2006 DEGs were identified. Pathway analysis revealed that ovarian steroidogenesis pathway was upregulated. Both PCR and Western-blot demonstrated that the expressions of key genes involved in this pathway were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS TCS co-administered with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) could increase E2 and P4 production in rGCs and up-regulate ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. StAR and aromatase protein were increased by TCS, while P450scc protein wasn't changed significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Foradori CD, Healy JE, Zimmerman AD, Kemppainen RJ, Jones MA, Read CC, White BD, Yi KD, Hinds LR, Lacagnina AF, Quihuis AM, Breckenridge CB, Handa RJ. Characterization of Activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by the Herbicide Atrazine in the Female Rat. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3378-3388. [PMID: 30060079 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a commonly used pre-emergence and early postemergence herbicide. Rats gavaged with ATR and its chlorometabolites desethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) respond with a rapid and dose-dependent rise in plasma corticosterone, whereas the major chlorometabolite, diaminochlorotriazine (DACT), has little or no effect on corticosterone levels. In this study, we investigated the possible sites of ATR activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. ATR treatment had no effect on adrenal weights but altered adrenal morphology. Hypophysectomized rats or rats under dexamethasone suppression did not respond to ATR treatment, suggesting that ATR does not directly stimulate the adrenal gland to induce corticosterone synthesis. Immortalized mouse corticotrophs (AtT-20) and primary rat pituitary cultures were treated with ATR, DEA, DIA, or DACT. None of the compounds induced an increase in ACTH secretion or potentiated ACTH release in conjunction with CRH on ACTH release. In female rats gavaged with ATR, pretreatment with the CRH receptor antagonist astressin completely blocked the ATR-induced rise in corticosterone concentrations, implicating CRH release in ATR-induced HPA activation. Intracerebroventricular infusion of ATR, DEA, and DIA but not DACT at concentrations equivalent to peak plasma concentrations after gavage dosing resulted in an elevation of plasma corticosterone concentrations. However, ATR did not induce c-Fos immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results indicate that ATR activates the HPA axis centrally and requires CRH receptor activation, but it does not stimulate cellular pathways associated with CRH neuronal excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Foradori
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jessica E Healy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Arthur D Zimmerman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Robert J Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Melaney A Jones
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Casey C Read
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - B Douglas White
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Kun Don Yi
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Laura R Hinds
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Anthony F Lacagnina
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Alicia M Quihuis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Robert J Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
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Grasselli F, Bussolati S, Ramoni R, Grolli S, Basini G. Simazine, a triazine herbicide, disrupts swine granulosa cell functions. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:3-11. [PMID: 33365088 PMCID: PMC7746213 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-2017-ar960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The triazine herbicide simazine is a pesticide commonly detected in surface and ground waters,
although banned in most European countries since 2004. Concerns for humans and animal health
result from its potential endocrine disrupting action, that can lead to reproductive disorders.
The present in vitro study was undertaken to study simazine effects on
swine granulosa cell function, namely cell viability, proliferation, steroidogenesis
and NO production. Moreover, the ability of this substance to interfere with the angiogenetic
process, a crucial event in reproductive function, was taken into account. Our data document
that simazine treatment, at 0.1 or 10 μM concentration levels, stimulates granulosa
cell proliferation and viability and impairs steroidogenesis, increasing in particular
progesterone production. In addition, the in vitro angiogenesis bioassay
revealed a significant simazine stimulatory effect on immortalized porcine Aortic Endothelial
Cell proliferation. Collectively, these results show that simazine can display disruptive
effects on ovarian cell functional parameters, possibly resulting in reproductive dysfunction.
This hypothesis is also supported by the observed pro-angiogenetic properties of this herbicide,
as already suggested for different endocrine disruptors.
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28
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Jiang Z, Su G, Li J, Ma B, Chen Y, Shan D, Zhang Y. Toxicological sensitivity of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum to atrazine exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:635-642. [PMID: 28318303 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1303806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K Schum (P. americanum) to the herbicide atrazine, as well as the atrazine accumulation in exposed plants, was investigated in this study. The germination of P. americanum seeds was not significantly inhibited by exposure to atrazine at concentrations below 100 mg·L-1. The roots of the seedlings were much more sensitive to atrazine than the shoots were, as shown by observations that shoot and root elongation were significantly inhibited by treatment with 100 and 50 mg·kg-1 of atrazine, respectively. In addition, significant differences were found in the dry weights of the seedling shoots and roots after exposure to 50 and 20 mg·kg-1 of atrazine, respectively. Atrazine accumulated readily in the roots of exposed seedlings, and the root ultrastructure was visibly damaged by exposure to lower levels of atrazine compared to the ultrastructure of the shoot. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and the transcription of psbA were inhibited by exposure to atrazine at concentrations above 20 mg·kg-1. Finally, the tolerance threshold of P. americanum to atrazine was about 20 mg·kg-1, indicating that the test plant exhibited some atrazine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jiang
- a School of Resources and Environment , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , P.R. China
| | - Guangxia Su
- a School of Resources and Environment , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , P.R. China
| | - Jinmei Li
- a School of Resources and Environment , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- a School of Resources and Environment , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , P.R. China
| | - Yukun Chen
- a School of Resources and Environment , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , P.R. China
| | - Dexin Shan
- a School of Resources and Environment , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- a School of Resources and Environment , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , P.R. China
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Rimayi C, Odusanya D, Weiss JM, de Boer J, Chimuka L, Mbajiorgu F. Effects of environmentally relevant sub-chronic atrazine concentrations on African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) survival, growth and male gonad development. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:1-11. [PMID: 29602044 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sub-chronic toxicity of environmentally relevant atrazine concentrations on exposed tadpoles and adult male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) was evaluated in a quality controlled laboratory for 90 days. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of atrazine on the survival, growth and gonad development of African clawed frogs. After exposure of tadpoles to atrazine concentrations of 0 (control), 0.01, 200 and 500 μg L-1 in water, mortality rates of 0, 0, 3.3 and 70% respectively were recorded for the 90 day exposure period. Morphometry showed significantly reduced tadpole mass in the 500 μg L-1 atrazine exposed tadpoles (p < 0.05). Light microscopy on testes of adult frogs exposed to the same atrazine concentrations using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Van Gieson staining techniques revealed gonadal atrophy, disruption of germ cell lines, seminiferous tubule structure damage and formation of extensive connective tissue around seminiferous tubules of frogs exposed to 200 μg L-1 and 500 μg L-1 atrazine concentrations. Ultrastructural analysis of the cellular organelles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed significant amounts of damaged mitochondria in testosterone producing Leydig cells as well as Sertoli cells. Biochemical analysis revealed reduced serum testosterone levels in adult frogs at all exposure levels as well as presence of six atrazine metabolites in frog serum and liver. The results indicate that atrazine concentrations greater than the calculated LC50 of 343.7 μg L-1 cause significant mortality in tadpoles, while concentrations ≥200 μg L-1 adversely affect reproductive health of adult frogs and development of tadpoles sub-chronically exposed to atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Rimayi
- Department of Water and Sanitation, Resource Quality Information Services (RQIS), Roodeplaat, P. Bag X313, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; University of the Witwatersrand, School of Chemistry, P. Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - David Odusanya
- Department of Water and Sanitation, Resource Quality Information Services (RQIS), Roodeplaat, P. Bag X313, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jana M Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luke Chimuka
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Chemistry, P. Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felix Mbajiorgu
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Anatomical Sciences, P. Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
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30
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Kale OE, Oyesola TO, Raji FS. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, offers chemoprevention against reproductive and neurobehavioural abnormalities induced by atrazine in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:84-97. [PMID: 29306822 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2/prostanoid pathway (COX-2) serves as a potential therapeutic target in various pathological conditions. Thus, the modulatory effect of celecoxib (CXB), a COX-2 inhibitor, in atrazine-induced toxicity was investigated. Five groups (n = 6 rats per group) of adult male Wistar rats received corn oil (2 ml/kg), atrazine (ATZ, 300 mg/kg) and CXB (5.7 mg/kg) respectively and their combinations via the oral route. Results obtained showed reduced (p < 0.05) sperm motility (25.8%) and counts (27.6%), testosterone (29.9%), luteinizing (33%) and follicle stimulating hormones (78.7%) plus elevated total cholesterol (112.3%), triglyceride (115.7%), malondialdehyde levels respectively in ATZ-treated rats. Similarly, ATZ administration causes reduced locomotion (33.6%), spontaneous motor activity (46.6%) and catalepsy effects (157.3%) respectively. However, CXB divided doses moderately reverse reproductive abnormalities, modulate neurobehavioural deficits and slightly preserved COX-2 elevation following ATZ intoxication. Furthermore, histopathology of testis shows improvement in treated rats. Overall, our data suggest chemopreventive actions via pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 activity during ATZ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, PMB, 21244 Ikeja, Nigeria.
| | - T O Oyesola
- Department of Physiology, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, PMB, 21244 Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - F S Raji
- Department of Physiology, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, PMB, 21244 Ikeja, Nigeria
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31
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Pogrmic-Majkic K, Samardzija D, Stojkov-Mimic N, Vukosavljevic J, Trninic-Pjevic A, Kopitovic V, Andric N. Atrazine suppresses FSH-induced steroidogenesis and LH-dependent expression of ovulatory genes through PDE-cAMP signaling pathway in human cumulus granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:79-88. [PMID: 28859905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) alters female reproductive functions in different animal species. Here, we analyzed whether ATR disturbs steroidogenic and ovulatory processes in hormone-stimulated human cumulus granulosa cells and mechanism of its action. Results showed that treatment of human cumulus granulosa cells with 20 μM ATR for 48 h resulted in lower FSH-stimulated estradiol and progesterone production. ATR reduced mRNA levels of aromatase (CYP19A1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). Addition of hCG 48 h after FSH and ATR treatment did not trigger maximal expression of the ovulatory genes amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG). Mechanistic experiments showed that ATR activated cPDE and decreased cAMP level. Addition of total PDE and specific PDE4 inhibitors, IBMX and rolipram, prevented ATR's action on CYP19A1 and STAR mRNA expression in FSH-stimulated human cumulus granulosa cells. This study suggests that ATR alters steroidogenesis and ovulatory process in human cumulus granulosa cells jeopardizing female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dragana Samardzija
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Natasa Stojkov-Mimic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vukosavljevic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Vesna Kopitovic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
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32
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Niemuth NJ, Klaper RD. Low-dose metformin exposure causes changes in expression of endocrine disruption-associated genes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 195:33-40. [PMID: 29248761 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of intersex fish in watersheds around the world is a warning of the presence of anthropogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) being deposited into the aquatic environment. The anti-diabetic drug metformin is among the most prevalent and ubiquitous of the myriad pharmaceuticals found in wastewater effluent and watersheds worldwide. In addition to its prescription for type-2 diabetes, metformin is indicated as a treatment in cancers and the endocrine disorder polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Our previous research found evidence of endocrine-disruption following Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) exposure to metformin at an environmentally relevant concentration. However, the mechanism of action leading to these impacts is unknown. Although metformin does not structurally resemble classical EDCs, there's an increasing recognition that endocrine disruption may occur by mechanisms other than classical endocrine receptor binding, and metformin's off-label use for treating endocrine-related disorders such as PCOS indicates its potential interaction with the endocrine system. To further explore metformin's mechanism of action as an EDC, we measured expression of numerous endocrine-related genes in male fathead minnows exposed to metformin at a low-dose similar to that found in wastewater effluent and the environment (40 μg L-1) for a full year (early development to adulthood) and discovered significant upregulation of the AR (3.6 ± 0.9-fold), 3β-HSD (3.9 ± 0.8-fold), 17β-HSD (17 ± 4-fold), CYP19A1 (40 ± 20-fold), and SULT2A1 (2.3 ± 0.4-fold) genes in exposed male gonad. We also found a significant correlation between expression of 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, and CYP19A1 in testis of metformin-treated male fish and the degree of intersex occurring in their gonads. These results provide additional evidence of the endocrine disrupting impact of the drug metformin and insight into the potential mechanisms by which metformin may influence the endocrine system in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Niemuth
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States.
| | - Rebecca D Klaper
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States.
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Martins-Santos E, Pimenta CG, Campos PRN, Oliveira AG, Mahecha GAB, Oliveira CA. Atrazine affects the morphophysiology, tissue homeostasis and aromatase expression in the efferent ductules of adult rats with mild alterations in the ventral prostate. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:958-967. [PMID: 29874772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The widely used herbicide atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor known to cause increased aromatase expression and transient increase in testicular weight followed by remarkable testis atrophy. However, whether the effects of atrazine on the testes are primary or secondary to dysfunctions in other components of male reproductive tract remains unknown. Given the high sensitivity of the efferent ductules to estrogen imbalance and the similarity to alterations previously described for other disruptors of these ductules function, and the testicular alterations observed after atrazine exposure, we hypothesized that the efferent ductules could be a target for atrazine. Herein we characterized the efferent ductules and the ventral prostate of adult Wistar rats treated with 200 mg/kg/day of atrazine for 7, 15, and 40 days. Additionally, we evaluated if the effects of atrazine in these organs could be reduced after discontinuation of the treatment. Atrazine exposure resulted in mild effects on the ventral prostate, but remarkable alterations on the efferent ductules, including luminal dilation, reduced epithelial height, and disruption of the epithelial homeostasis, which coincides with increased aromatase expression. Together with our previous data, these results suggest that at least part of the testicular effects of atrazine may be secondary to the alterations in the efferent ductules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisângela Martins-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Guimarães Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Rabelo Nunes Campos
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cleida Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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34
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Abarikwu SO, Duru QC, Njoku RCC, Amadi BA, Tamunoibuomie A, Keboh E. Effects of co-exposure to atrazine and ethanol on the oxidative damage of kidney and liver in Wistar rats. Ren Fail 2017; 39:588-596. [PMID: 28741978 PMCID: PMC6446176 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1351373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both ethanol (EtoH) and atrazine (ATZ) have hepatic and nephro-toxic effects in rats. In the present study, the toxicity of EtoH (5 g kg-1) on the kidney and liver in the absence or in the presence of different doses of ATZ (50, 100, 300 mg kg-1) was evaluated after 21 days in rats. Results showed that the mixture effects on catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were more severe in both tissues compared to EtoH alone, especially as the dose of ATZ was increased. Hepatic malondialdehyde level (an index of lipid peroxidation) was increased from 20.32% in the EtoH +50 mg kg-1 ATZ-treated rats to 34% in the EtoH +300 mg kg-1 ATZ-treated rats compared to the EtoH values. Renal malondialdehyde values remain as high as 81% in the EtoH-treated rats and the different combine exposure groups. Furthermore, as the dose of ATZ in the mixture was increased, serum uric acid level increased compared to the EtoH values. When the EtoH +300 mg kg-1 ATZ-animals were pretreated with curcumin (an antioxidant), the histopathological changes and peroxidative damages in both tissues were blocked. The exposure of EtoH-treated rats to ATZ enhanced renal and hepatic peroxidative damages in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O. Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Queen C. Duru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Benjamin A. Amadi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Enebimoere Keboh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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The use of a unique co-culture model of fetoplacental steroidogenesis as a screening tool for endocrine disruptors: The effects of neonicotinoids on aromatase activity and hormone production. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 332:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Gray JM, Rasanayagam S, Engel C, Rizzo J. State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment. Environ Health 2017; 16:94. [PMID: 28865460 PMCID: PMC5581466 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current high incidence of breast cancer. Singly and in combination, these toxicants may have contributed significantly to the increasing rates of breast cancer observed over the past several decades. Exposures early in development from gestation through adolescence and early adulthood are particularly of concern as they re-shape the program of genetic, epigenetic and physiological processes in the developing mammary system, leading to an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In the 8 years since we last published a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, hundreds of new papers have appeared supporting this link, and in this update, the evidence on this topic is more extensive and of better quality than that previously available. CONCLUSION Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies, as well as a better understanding of mechanisms linking toxicants with development of breast cancer, all reinforce the conclusion that exposures to these substances - many of which are found in common, everyday products and byproducts - may lead to increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moving forward, attention to methodological limitations, especially in relevant epidemiological and animal models, will need to be addressed to allow clearer and more direct connections to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Gray
- Department of Psychology and Program in Science, Technology, and Society, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604-0246 USA
| | - Sharima Rasanayagam
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Connie Engel
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Jeanne Rizzo
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
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Persistent testicular structural and functional alterations after exposure of adult rats to atrazine. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:201-213. [PMID: 28847621 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine is an endocrine disruptor affecting testicular steroidogenesis, and promoting testicular atrophy and 3β-HSD reduction. However, it remains unknown whether these effects are reversible or permanent. To address this issue was the aim of this study. Exposition of rats to 200mg/kg of atrazine resulted in transient increase in testicular weight, seminiferous tubules dilation and atrophy, and reduction in Leydig cell 3β-HSD. Testicular atrophy and 3β-HSD reduction were more pronounced after the recovery period of 75days. There was increase in aromatase expression after long-term exposure but it returned to control level after recovery. Moreover, there was increase in ED1-/ED2+, ED1+/ED2+ and ED1+/ED2- macrophages, in the recovery group. These macrophages were positive for 3β-HSD, thereby raising possibility of their involvement in steroidogenesis. These findings further emphasize the adverse effects of atrazine on male reproduction, highlighting that testicular damages may be irreversible even after a recovery period longer than the spermatogenic cycle.
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Namulanda G, Taylor E, Maisonet M, Boyd Barr D, Flanders WD, Olson D, Qualters JR, Vena J, Northstone K, Naeher L. In utero exposure to atrazine analytes and early menarche in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:420-425. [PMID: 28410519 PMCID: PMC5679269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from experimental studies suggests that atrazine and its analytes alter the timing of puberty in laboratory animals. Such associations have not been investigated in humans. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between in utero exposure to atrazine analytes and earlier menarche attainment in a nested case-control study of the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. METHODS Cases were girls who reported menarche before 11.5 years while controls were girls who reported menarche at or after 11.5 years. Seven atrazine analyte concentrations were measured in maternal gestational urine samples (sample gestation week median (IQR): 12 (8-17)) during the period 1991-1992, for 174 cases and 195 controls using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We evaluated the study association using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. We used multiple imputation to impute missing confounder data for 29% of the study participants. RESULTS Diaminochlorotriazine (DACT) was the most frequently detected analyte (58%>limit of detection [LOD]) followed by desethyl atrazine (6%), desethyl atrazine mercapturate (3%), atrazine mercapturate (1%), hydroxyl atrazine (1%), atrazine (1%) and desisopropyl atrazine (0.5%). Because of low detection of other analytes, only DACT was included in the exposure-outcome analyses. The adjusted odds of early menarche for girls with DACT exposures≥median was 1.13 (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]:0.82, 1.55) and exposure<median was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.42) compared to girls with exposure<LOD (reference). In the subset that excluded girls with missing data, the adjusted odds of early menarche for girls with DACT exposures≥median was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.03, 3.38) and exposure<median was 1.26 (95% CI: 0.65, 2.24) compared to the reference. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to examine the association between timing of menarche and atrazine analytes. We found a weak, non-significant association between in-utero exposure to atrazine metabolite DACT and early menarche, though the association was significant in the subset of girls with complete confounder information. Further exploration of the role of these exposures in female reproduction in other cohorts is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonza Namulanda
- Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 105 Spear Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ethel Taylor
- Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mildred Maisonet
- College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, P O Box 70259, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - W Dana Flanders
- Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Olson
- Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Judith R Qualters
- Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - John Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street Suite 303, MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kate Northstone
- NIHR CLAHRC West, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Level 9, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol BS1 2NT, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Naeher
- Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 105 Spear Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Khandarkhaeva M, Batoeva A, Aseev D, Sizykh M, Tsydenova O. Oxidation of atrazine in aqueous media by solar- enhanced Fenton-like process involving persulfate and ferrous ion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 137:35-41. [PMID: 27907844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of s-triazines (using atrazine (ATZ) as a model compound) by a solar-enhanced Fenton-like process involving persulfate and ferrous ion was studied. A flow-through tubular photoreactor was employed for the experiments. The solar-enhanced oxidative system involving ferrous ion and persulfate (Solar/S2O82-/Fe2+) showed the highest ATZ degradation efficiency when compared with other treatments (unactivated S2O82-, Solar - sunlight only, S2O82-/Fe2+, Solar/S2O82-). Complete degradation of ATZ and 20% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) content were observed after 30min of the treatment. The in situ generated •ОН and SO4-• radicals were shown to be involved in ATZ oxidation using the radical scavengers methanol and tert-butyl alcohol. Furthermore, iron compounds were shown to act not only as catalysts but also as photo-sensitizers, as the introduction of ferrous ion into the reaction mixture led to an increased absorbance of the solution and expansion of the absorption spectrum into the longer wavelength spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Khandarkhaeva
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6, Sakhyanova str., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia
| | - Agniya Batoeva
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6, Sakhyanova str., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia.
| | - Denis Aseev
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6, Sakhyanova str., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia
| | - Marina Sizykh
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6, Sakhyanova str., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia
| | - Oyuna Tsydenova
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6, Sakhyanova str., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia
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Liu H, Yang X, Yin C, Wei M, He X. Development of predictive models for predicting binding affinity of endocrine disrupting chemicals to fish sex hormone-binding globulin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 136:46-54. [PMID: 27816713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Disturbing the transport process is a crucial pathway for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exerting disrupting endocrine function. However, this mechanism has not received enough attention compared with that of hormones receptors and synthetase. Recently, we have explored the interaction between EDCs and sex hormone-binding globulin of human (hSHBG). In this study, interactions between EDCs and sex hormone-binding globulin of eight fish species (fSHBG) were investigated by employing classification methods and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). In the modeling, the relative binding affinity (RBA) of a chemical with 17β-estradiol binding to fSHBG was selected as the endpoint. Classification models were developed for two fish species, while QSAR models were established for the other six fish species. Statistical results indicated that the models had satisfactory goodness of fit, robustness and predictive ability, and that application domain covered a large number of endogenous and exogenous steroidal and non-steroidal chemicals. Additionally, by comparing the log RBA values, it was found that the same chemical may have different affinities for fSHBG from different fish species, thus species diversity should be taken into account. However, the affinity of fSHBG showed a high correlation for fishes within the same Order (i.e., Salmoniformes, Cypriniformes, Perciformes and Siluriformes), thus the fSHBG binding data for one fish species could be used to extrapolate other fish species in the same Order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jiang-wang-miao Street, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Cen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengbi Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
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Hook SE, Kroon FJ, Metcalfe S, Greenfield PA, Moncuquet P, McGrath A, Smith R, Warne MSJ, Turner RD, McKeown A, Westcott DA. Global transcriptomic profiling in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) from rivers impacted by differing agricultural land uses. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:103-112. [PMID: 27219023 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most catchments discharging into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon have elevated loads of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides, including photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, associated with upstream agricultural land use. To investigate potential impacts of declining water quality on fish physiology, RNA sequencing (RNASeq) was used to characterize and compare the hepatic transcriptomes of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) captured from 2 of these tropical river catchments in Queensland, Australia. The Daintree and Tully Rivers differ in upstream land uses, as well as sediment, nutrient, and pesticide loads, with the area of agricultural land use and contaminant loads lower in the Daintree. In fish collected from the Tully River, transcripts involved in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and citrate cycling were also more abundant, suggesting elevated circulating cortisol concentrations, whereas transcripts involved in immune responses were less abundant. Fish from the Tully also had an increased abundance of transcripts associated with xenobiotic metabolism. Previous laboratory-based studies observed similar patterns in fish and amphibians exposed to the agricultural herbicide atrazine. If these transcriptomic patterns are manifested at the whole organism level, the differences in water quality between the 2 rivers may alter fish growth and fitness. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:103-112. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frederieke J Kroon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanne Metcalfe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul A Greenfield
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philippe Moncuquet
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Annette McGrath
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rachael Smith
- Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael St J Warne
- Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan D Turner
- Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam McKeown
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Westcott
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Atherton, Queensland, Australia
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Khandarkhaeva MS, Aseev DG, Sizykh MR, Batoeva AA. Oxidation of atrazine by photoactivated potassium persulfate in aqueous solutions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602441611011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Richter CA, Papoulias DM, Whyte JJ, Tillitt DE. Evaluation of potential mechanisms of atrazine-induced reproductive impairment in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2230-2238. [PMID: 26792394 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine has been implicated in reproductive dysfunction of exposed organisms, and previous studies documented decreased egg production in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) during 30-d to 38-d exposures to 0.5 µg/L, 5 µg/L, and 50 µg/L atrazine. The authors evaluated possible mechanisms underlying the reduction in egg production. Gene expression in steroidogenesis pathways and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis of male and female fish was measured. Atrazine did not significantly induce gonad aromatase (cyp19a1a) expression. An atrazine-induced shift in the number of females in an active reproductive state was observed. Expression of the egg maturation genes vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and zona pellucida glycoprotein 3.1 (zp3.1) in medaka females was correlated and had a bimodal distribution. In both species, females with low vtg1 or zp3.1 expression also had low expression of steroidogenesis genes in the gonad, estrogen receptor in the liver, and gonadotropins in the brain. In the medaka, the number of females per tank that had high expression of zp3.1 was significantly correlated with egg production per tank. The number of medaka females with low expression of zp3.1 increased significantly with atrazine exposure. Thus, the decline in egg production observed in response to atrazine exposure may be the result of a coordinated downregulation of genes required for reproduction in a subset of females. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2230-2238. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Richter
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Diana M Papoulias
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey J Whyte
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
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44
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Liu H, Yang X, Lu R. Development of classification model and QSAR model for predicting binding affinity of endocrine disrupting chemicals to human sex hormone-binding globulin. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:1-7. [PMID: 27156209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Disturbing the transport process is a crucial pathway for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to disrupt endocrine function. However, this mechanism has not gotten enough attention, compared with that of hormone receptors and synthetase up to now, especially for the sex hormone transport process. In this study, we selected sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and EDCs as a model system and the relative competing potency of a chemical with testosterone binding to SHBG (log RBA) as the endpoints, to develop classification models and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. With the classification model, a satisfactory model with nR09, nR10 and RDF155v as the most relevant variables was screened. Statistic results indicated that the model had the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of 86.4%, 80.0%, 84.4% and 85.7%, 87.5%, 86.2% for the training set and validation set, respectively, highlighting a high classification performance of the model. With the QSAR model, a satisfactory model with statistical parameters, specifically, an adjusted determination coefficient (Radj(2)) of 0.810, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.616, a leave-one-out cross-validation squared correlation coefficient (QLOO(2)) of 0.777, a bootstrap method (QBOOT(2)) of 0.756, an external validation coefficient (Qext(2)) of 0.544 and a RMSEext of 0.859, were obtained, which implied satisfactory goodness of fit, robustness and predictive ability. The applicability domain of the current model covers a large number of structurally diverse chemicals, especially a few classes of nonsteroidal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jiang-wang-miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
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Russart KL, Rhen T. Atrazine alters expression of reproductive and stress genes in the developing hypothalamus of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. Toxicology 2016; 366-367:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kashian DR, Dodson SI. Effects of common-use pesticides on developmental and reproductive processes in Daphnia. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 18:225-35. [PMID: 14653311 DOI: 10.1191/0748233702th146oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Daphnia magna were evaluated for use as a screen for pesticides that have been demonstrated to have estrogenic (o?p?-DDT, di-n-butyl phthalate, toxaphene), anti-androgenic (p?p-DDE, linuron), thyroid (acetochlor, alachlor, metribuzin), insulin (amitraz) or lutenizing hormone (2,4-D) activity in vertebrates, and to establish daphnid sensitivity to these compounds. Pesticides with unknown effects on vertebrate endocrine systems (chlorosulfuran, cyanazine, diflubenzuron, metolachlor, and diquat) were also evaluated. Compounds were assayed for six days at environmentally relevant concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 100 mg/L, using female Daphnia and their offspring. Sublethal endpoints included offspring sex (sex determination), clutch size (fecundity), and adult size (growth rate). Toxaphene was the only compound that affected sexual differentiation, increasing male production. Daphnia fecundity declined with exposure to toxaphene, and daphnid growth rates were reduced by acetochlor exposure. Diflubenzuron, o?p?-DDT, and p?p-DDE significantly reduced Daphnia survival. No correlation existed between affected reproductive or developmental processes and specific endocrine systems or subsystems. Results from this study indicate that Daphnia make a good screen for assessing potential environmental impacts but are not a useful indicator of pesticide hormonal activity in vertebrates. This assay consistently detected sublethal but ecologically relevant effects of these pesticides on Daphnia at environmentally relevant concentrations typically below their listed EC50 value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R Kashian
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474, USA.
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Wirbisky SE, Weber GJ, Sepúlveda MS, Lin TL, Jannasch AS, Freeman JL. An embryonic atrazine exposure results in reproductive dysfunction in adult zebrafish and morphological alterations in their offspring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21337. [PMID: 26891955 PMCID: PMC4759560 DOI: 10.1038/srep21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbicide atrazine, a suspected endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), frequently contaminates potable water supplies. Studies suggest alterations in the neuroendocrine system along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis; however, most studies address either developmental, pubertal, or adulthood exposures, with few investigations regarding a developmental origins hypothesis. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 parts per billion (ppb) atrazine through embryogenesis and then allowed to mature with no additional chemical exposure. Reproductive function, histopathology, hormone levels, offspring morphology, and the ovarian transcriptome were assessed. Embryonic atrazine exposure resulted in a significant increase in progesterone levels in the 3 and 30 ppb groups. A significant decrease in spawning and a significant increase in follicular atresia in the 30 ppb group were observed. In offspring, a decrease in the head length to body ratio in the 30 ppb group, along with a significant increase in head width to body ratio in the 0.3 and 3 ppb groups occurred. Transcriptomic alterations involved genes associated with endocrine system development and function, tissue development, and behavior. This study provides evidence to support atrazine as an EDC causing reproductive dysfunction and molecular alterations in adults exposed only during embryogenesis and morphological alterations in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- School of Health Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tsang-Long Lin
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amber S Jannasch
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Synthesis of Isotopically Labeled (13)C3-Simazine and Development of a Simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Simazine in Soil. Molecules 2016; 21:89. [PMID: 26784150 PMCID: PMC6273493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) is a highly efficient method for tackling the ion suppression in complex matrix by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), but a lack of commercial internal standards is a limiting factor for these analyses. Herein, an economical and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 13C3-simazine via a three-step procedure was developed. The isotope-labeled internal standard was used for determination of simazine residue in soil samples. The quantitation method has a limit of detection of 0.015 μg/kg and quantitation of 0.08 μg/kg. The inter-day and intra-day precision of the method were below 4.6%. Recovery values were ranged between 92.9% and 99.2%. All the samples obtained from six provinces in China contained from 1 to 62 μg/kg of simazine.
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49
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Harvey PW. Adrenocortical endocrine disruption. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:199-206. [PMID: 25460300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal has been neglected in endocrine disruption regulatory testing strategy. The adrenal is a vital organ, adrenocortical insufficiency is recognised in life threatening "adrenal crises" and Addison's disease, and the consequences of off-target toxicological inhibition of adrenocortical steroidogenesis is well recognised in clinical medicine, where drugs such as aminoglutethimide and etomidate killed patients via unrecognised inhibition of adrenocortical steroidogenic enzymes (e.g. CYP11B1) along the cortisol and aldosterone pathways. The consequences of adrenocortical dysfunction during early development are also recognised in the congenital salt wasting and adrenogenital syndromes presenting neonatally, yet despite a remit to focus on developmental and reproductive toxicity mechanisms of endocrine disruption by many regulatory agencies (USEPA EDSTAC; REACH) the assessment of adrenocortical function has largely been ignored. Further, every step in the adrenocortical steroidogenic pathway (ACTH receptor, StAR, CYP's 11A1, 17, 21, 11B1, 11B2, and 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Δ4,5 isomerase) is known to be a potential target with multiple examples of chemicals inhibiting these targets. Many of these chemicals have been detected in human and wildlife tissues. This raises the question of whether exposure to low level environmental chemicals may be affecting adrenocortical function. This review examines the omission of adrenocortical testing in the current regulatory frameworks; the characteristics that make the adrenal cortex particularly vulnerable to toxic insult; chemicals and their toxicological targets within the adrenocortical steroidogenic pathways; the typical manifestations of adrenocortical toxicity (e.g. human iatrogenically induced pharmacotoxicological adrenal insufficiency, manifestations in typical mammalian regulatory general toxicology studies, manifestations in wildlife) and models of adrenocortical functional assessment. The utility of the in vivo ACTH challenge test to prove adrenocortical competency, and the H295R cell line to examine molecular mechanisms of steroidogenic pathway toxicity, are discussed. Finally, because of the central role of the adrenal in the physiologically adaptive stress response, the distinguishing features of stress, compared with adrenocortical toxicity, are discussed with reference to the evidence required to claim that adrenal hypertrophy results from stress rather than adrenocortical enzyme inhibition which is a serious adverse toxicological finding. This article is part of a special issue entitled 'Endocrine disruptors and steroids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Harvey
- Toxicology Department, Covance Laboratories Ltd., Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG3 1PY, United Kingdom.
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Caron-Beaudoin É, Denison MS, Sanderson JT. Effects of Neonicotinoids on Promoter-Specific Expression and Activity of Aromatase (CYP19) in Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma (H295R) and Primary Umbilical Vein Endothelial (HUVEC) Cells. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:134-44. [PMID: 26464060 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme aromatase (CYP19; cytochrome P450 19) in humans undergoes highly tissue- and promoter-specific regulation. In hormone-dependent breast cancer, aromatase is over-expressed via several normally inactive promoters (PII, I.3, I.7). Aromatase biosynthesizes estrogens, which stimulate breast cancer cell proliferation. The placenta produces estrogens required for healthy pregnancy and the major placental CYP19 promoter is I.1. Exposure to certain pesticides, such as atrazine, is associated with increased CYP19 expression, but little is known about the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on CYP19. We developed sensitive and robust RT-qPCR methods to detect the promoter-specific expression of CYP19 in human adrenocortical carcinoma (H295R) and primary umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells, and determined the potential promoter-specific disruption of CYP19 expression by atrazine and the commonly used neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. In H295R cells, atrazine concentration-dependently increased PII- and I.3-mediated CYP19 expression and aromatase catalytic activity. Thiacloprid and thiamethoxam induced PII- and I.3-mediated CYP19 expression and aromatase activity at relatively low concentrations (0.1-1.0 µM), exhibiting non-monotonic concentration-response curves with a decline in gene induction and catalytic activity at higher concentrations. In HUVEC cells, atrazine slightly induced overall (promoter-indistinct) CYP19 expression (30 µM) and aromatase activity (≥ 3 µM), without increasing I.1 promoter activity. None of the neonicotinoids increased CYP19 expression or aromatase activity in HUVEC cells. Considering the importance of promoter-specific (over)expression of CYP19 in disease (breast cancer) or during sensitive developmental periods (pregnancy), our newly developed RT-qPCR methods will be helpful tools in assessing the risk that neonicotinoids and other chemicals may pose to exposed women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élyse Caron-Beaudoin
- *INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- *INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada; and
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