1
|
Li J, Liang F, Liu F, Li J, Huang K, Yang X, Chen S, Cao J, Shen C, Zhao L, Li Y, Hu D, Wang W, Wu J, Huang J, Lu X, Gu D. Genetic risk modifies the effect of long-term fine particulate matter exposure on coronary artery disease. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107624. [PMID: 36402033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both environmental and genetic factors were linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), the extent to which the association of air pollution exposure with CAD can be influenced by genetic risk was not well understood. METHODS A total of 41,149 participants recruited from the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) were included. Genetic risk scores of CAD were constructed based on 540 genetic variants. Long-term PM2.5 exposures were assessed by adopting satellite-based PM2.5 estimations at 1-km resolution. We used stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model to examine the impact of PM2.5 exposure and genetic risk on CAD risk, and further analyzed modification effect of genetic predisposition on association between PM2.5 exposure and CAD risk. RESULTS During a median of 13.01 years of follow-up, 1,373 incident CAD events were observed. Long-term PM2.5 exposure significantly increased CAD risk, and the hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were 1.27 (1.05-1.54) and 1.95 (1.57-2.42) among intermediate and high PM2.5 exposure groups compared to low PM2.5 exposure group. The relative risks of CAD were 40% (HR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.18-1.66) and 133% (HR: 2.33, 95%CI: 1.94-2.79) higher among individuals at intermediate and high genetic risk than those at low genetic risk. Compared with individuals with both low genetic risk and low PM2.5 exposure, those with high genetic risk and high PM2.5 exposure had highest CAD risk, with HR of 4.37 (95%CI: 3.13-6.11). We observed significant multiplicative (P < 0.001) and additive interaction [relative excess risk due to interaction (95%CI): 2.75 (1.32-4.20); attributable proportion due to interaction (95%CI): 0.56 (0.42-0.70)] between genetic risk and PM2.5 exposure on CAD. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence that long-term PM2.5 exposure might increase CAD risk, especially among people at high genetic risk. Our findings highlighted the importance of taking strategies on air quality improvement to cardiovascular disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Wending Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fecht D, Chadeau-Hyam M, Owen R, Gregson J, Halliday BP, Lota AS, Gulliver J, Ware JS, Pennell DJ, Kelly FJ, Shah ASV, Miller MR, Newby DE, Prasad SK, Tayal U. Exposure to Elevated Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations and Cardiac Remodeling in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 2022; 28:924-934. [PMID: 35027315 PMCID: PMC9186493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical evidence suggests a strong link between exposure to air pollution and heart failure incidence, hospitalizations, and mortality, but the biological basis of this remains unclear. We sought to determine the relationship between differential air pollution levels and changes in cardiac structure and function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS We undertook a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study of patients in England with dilated cardiomyopathy (enrollment 2009-2015, n = 716, 66% male, 85% Caucasian) and conducted cross sectional analysis at the time of study enrollment. Annual average air pollution exposure estimates for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) at enrolment were assigned to each residential postcode (on average 12 households). The relationship between air pollution and cardiac morphology was assessed using linear regression modelling. Greater ambient exposure to NO2 was associated with higher indexed left ventricular (LV) mass (4.3 g/m2 increase per interquartile range increase in NO2, 95% confidence interval 1.9-7.0 g/m2) and lower LV ejection fraction (-1.5% decrease per interquartile range increase in NO2, 95% confidence interval -2.7% to -0.2%), independent of age, sex, socioeconomic status, and clinical covariates. The associations were robust to adjustment for smoking status and geographical clustering by postcode area. The effect of air pollution on LV mass was greatest in women. These effects were specific to NO2 exposure. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to air pollution is associated with raised LV mass and lower LV ejection fraction, with the strongest effect in women. Although epidemiological associations between air pollution and heart failure have been established and supported by preclinical studies, our findings provide novel empirical evidence of cardiac remodeling and exposure to air pollution with important clinical and public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Owen
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John Gregson
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brian P Halliday
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK; National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amrit S Lota
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK; National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James S Ware
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK; National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK; National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frank J Kelly
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anoop S V Shah
- Department of Non-communicable Disease, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark R Miller
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK; National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Upasana Tayal
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK; National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Phuong J, Riches NO, Madlock‐Brown C, Duran D, Calzoni L, Espinoza JC, Datta G, Kavuluru R, Weiskopf NG, Ward‐Caviness CK, Lin AY. Social Determinants of Health Factors for Gene-Environment COVID-19 Research: Challenges and Opportunities. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:2100056. [PMID: 35574521 PMCID: PMC9087427 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of a person's health status are often guided by how they live, grow, learn, their genetics, as well as their access to health care. Yet, all too often, studies examining the relationship between social determinants of health (behavioral, sociocultural, and physical environmental factors), the role of demographics, and health outcomes poorly represent these relationships, leading to misinterpretations, limited study reproducibility, and datasets with limited representativeness and secondary research use capacity. This is a profound hurdle in what questions can or cannot be rigorously studied about COVID-19. In practice, gene-environment interactions studies have paved the way for including these factors into research. Similarly, our understanding of social determinants of health continues to expand with diverse data collection modalities as health systems, patients, and community health engagement aim to fill the knowledge gaps toward promoting health and wellness. Here, a conceptual framework is proposed, adapted from the population health framework, socioecological model, and causal modeling in gene-environment interaction studies to integrate the core constructs from each domain with practical considerations needed for multidisciplinary science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Phuong
- Division of Biomedical and Health InformaticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
- Harborview Injury Prevention Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98104USA
| | - Naomi O. Riches
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT84108‐3514USA
| | - Charisse Madlock‐Brown
- Health Informatics and Information ManagementUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN38163USA
| | - Deborah Duran
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892‐5465USA
| | - Luca Calzoni
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892‐5465USA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA15206USA
| | - Juan C. Espinoza
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90015USA
| | - Gora Datta
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Ramakanth Kavuluru
- Division of Biomedical InformaticsDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506USA
| | - Nicole G. Weiskopf
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical EpidemiologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOR97239USA
| | - Cavin K. Ward‐Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental AssessmentUS Environmental Protection AgencyChapel HillNC27514USA
| | - Asiyah Yu Lin
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892‐2152USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. Mitochondria and traffic-related air pollution linked coronary artery calcification: exploring the missing link. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:545-563. [PMID: 34821115 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuing increase in the exposure to Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in the general population is predicted to result in a higher incidence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease. The chronic exposure of air particulate matter from TRAP upon the vascular system leads to the enhancement of deposition of calcium in the vasculature leading to coronary artery calcification (CAC), triggered by inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction. This calcification forms within the intimal and medial layers of vasculature and the underlying mechanism that connects the trigger from TRAP is not well explored. Several local and systemic factors participate in this active process including inflammatory response, hyperlipidemia, presence of self-programmed death bodies and high calcium-phosphate concentrations. These factors along with the loss of molecules that inhibit calcification and circulating nucleation complexes influence the development of calcification in the vasculature. The loss of defense to prevent osteogenic transition linked to micro organelle dysfunction that includes deteriorated mitochondria, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and defective mitophagy. In this review, we examine the contributory role of mitochondria involved in the mechanism of TRAP linked CAC development. Further we examine whether TRAP is an inducer or trigger for the enhanced progression of CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hart JE, Hohensee C, Laden F, Holland I, Whitsel EA, Wellenius GA, Winkelmayer WC, Sarto GE, Warsinger Martin L, Manson JE, Greenland P, Kaufman J, Albert C, Perez MV. Long-Term Exposures to Air Pollution and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in the Women's Health Initiative Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97007. [PMID: 34523977 PMCID: PMC8442602 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Short-term exposures to air pollution have been associated with AF triggering; less is known regarding associations between long-term air pollution exposures and AF incidence. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the association between long-term exposures to air pollution and distance to road on incidence of AF in a cohort of U.S. women. METHODS We assessed the association of high resolution spatiotemporal model predictions of long-term exposures to particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and distance to major roads with incidence of AF diagnosis, identified through Medicare linkage, among 83,117 women in the prospective Women's Health Initiative cohort, followed from enrollment in Medicare through December 2012, incidence of AF, or death. Using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, study component, body mass index, physical activity, menopausal hormone therapy, smoking, diet quality, alcohol consumption, educational attainment, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, we estimated the relative risk of incident AF in association with each pollutant. RESULTS A total of 16,348 incident AF cases were observed over 660,236 person-years of follow-up. Most exposure-response associations were nonlinear. NO 2 was associated with risk of AF in multivariable adjusted models [Hazard Ratio ( HR ) = 1.18 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.24, comparing the top to bottom quartile, p -for-trend = < 0.0001 ]. Women living closer to roadways were at higher risk of AF (e.g., HR = 1.07 ; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13 for living within 50 m of A3 roads, compared with ≥ 1,000 m , p -for-trend = 0.02 ), but we did not observe adverse associations with exposures to PM 10 , PM 2.5 , or SO 2 . There were adverse associations with PM 10 (top quartile HR = 1.10 ; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16, p -for-trend = < 0.0001 ) and PM 2.5 (top quartile HR = 1.09 ; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14, p -for-trend = 0.002 ) in sensitivity models adjusting for census region. DISCUSSION In this study of postmenopausal women, NO 2 and distance to road were consistently associated with higher risk of AF. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7683.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chancellor Hohensee
- Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Coordinating Center, Division of Public Health, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Holland
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gloria E. Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- Division of Cardiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marco V. Perez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lawrence J, Martins M, Liu M, Koutrakis P. Measurement of the gross alpha activity of the fine fractions of road dust and near-roadway ambient particle matter. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:147-155. [PMID: 33198592 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1850543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution, including direct exhaust emissions and road dust (RD), impacts individuals living near busy roads. We recently conducted a study to investigate the sources and composition of tailpipe and non-tailpipe traffic emissions, where we collected and analyzed samples of ambient air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and fine RD (RD2.5) at different distances from major roadways. We analyzed a subset of the samples, including those collected at the roadside and local background, for their alpha activity level. Subsequently, we investigated whether there is a distance-related decay in the alpha activity in RD2.5 or PM2.5 similar to those observed for traffic-related species in PM2.5 and RD2.5. We found that the alpha activity of ambient air PM2.5 (Bq/mg) was more than an order of magnitude higher than the activity level of the corresponding RD2.5 sample, suggesting that PM2.5 may be more toxic than RD2.5. Using mixed-effects regression models, we found that ambient PM2.5 alpha activity was significantly higher during the cold months than during warm months, and that the background was higher than the roadside (though not significantly). In contrast, the RD2.5 alpha activity was significantly higher at the background site compared to the roadside but was not significantly affected by season. In addition to sampling position, both Zn and elemental carbon (EC) were significant predictors of RD2.5 alpha activity. In addition, the roadside RD2.5 activity levels were found to be higher at highways as compared to secondary roads. While traffic-related emissions do not appear to be significant sources of either ambient PM2.5 or RD2.5 alpha activity, the RD2.5 results suggest that traffic-related particles may contribute to RD2.5 alpha-activity. Implications: Many studies have reported the effects of traffic-related particulate matter (PM) on human health, and there is growing interest in the health effects of exposure to environmental PM alpha activity. This is the first study to report on the alpha activity of road dust (RD) or near-roadway ambient PM. We found that the alpha activity of ambient PM is twenty times higher than RD, suggesting that ambient PM may be more toxic. In PM and RD, the alpha activities were higher at background sites than at the roadside, indicating that traffic-related emissions are not a significant source of particulate radioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Martins
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan WC, Yeh SY, Wu CD, Huang YT, Chen YC, Chen CJ, Yang HI. Association Between Traffic Count and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:343-349. [PMID: 32565497 PMCID: PMC8021879 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to traffic-related pollution is positively associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but little is known about how different sources of traffic pollution (eg, gasoline-powered cars, diesel-engine vehicles) contribute to CVD. Therefore, we evaluated the association between exposure to different types of engine exhaust and CVD mortality. Methods We recruited 12,098 participants from REVEAL-HBV cohort in Taiwan. The CVD mortality in 2000–2014 was ascertained by the Taiwan Death Certificates. Traffic pollution sources (2005–2013) were based on information provided by the Directorate General of Highway in 2005. Exposure to PM2.5 was based on a land-use regression model. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association of traffic vehicle exposure and CVD mortality. A causal mediation analysis was applied to evaluate the mediation effect of PM2.5 on the relationship between traffic and CVD mortality. Results A total of 382 CVD mortalities were identified from 2000 to 2014. We found participants exposed to higher volumes of small car and truck exhausts had an increased CVD mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.10 for small cars (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–1.27; P-value = 0.23) and 1.24 for truck (95% CI, 1.03–1.51; P-value = 0.03) per one unit increment of the logarithm scale. The findings were still robust with further adjustment for different types of vehicles. A causal mediation analysis revealed PM2.5 had an over 60% mediation effect on traffic-CVD association. Conclusions Exposure to exhaust from trucks or gasoline-powered cars is positively associated with CVD mortality, and air pollution may play a role in this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University.,Center of Preventive Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Szu-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University.,Center of Preventive Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University.,National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
| | | | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institution of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Furlong MA, Klimentidis YC. Associations of air pollution with obesity and body fat percentage, and modification by polygenic risk score for BMI in the UK Biobank. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109364. [PMID: 32247148 PMCID: PMC7199644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has consistently been associated with cardiometabolic outcomes, although associations with obesity have only been recently reported. Studies of air pollution and adiposity have mostly relied on body mass index (BMI) rather than body fat percentage (BF%), and most have not accounted for noise as a possible confounder. Additionally, it is unknown whether genetic predisposition for obesity increases susceptibility to the obesogenic effects of air pollution. To help fill these gaps, we used the UK Biobank, a large, prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom, to explore the relationship between air pollution and adiposity, and modification by a polygenic risk score for BMI. We used 2010 annual averages of air pollution estimates from land use regression (NO2, NOX, PM2.5, PM2.5absorbance, PM2.5-10, PM10), traffic intensity (TI), inverse distance to road (IDTR), along with examiner-measured BMI, waist-hip-ratio (WHR), and impedance measures of BF%, which were collected at enrollment (2006-2010, n = 473,026) and at follow-up (2012-2013, n = 19,518). We estimated associations of air pollution with BMI, WHR, and BF% at enrollment and follow-up, and with obesity, abdominal obesity, and BF%-obesity at enrollment and follow-up. We used linear and logistic regression and controlled for noise and other covariates. We also assessed interactions of air pollution with a polygenic risk score for BMI. On average, participants at enrollment were 56 years of age, 54% were female, and 32% had completed college or a higher degree. Almost all participants (~95%) were white. All air pollution measures except IDTR were positively associated with at least one continuous measure of adiposity at enrollment. However, NO2 was negatively associated with BMI but positively associated with WHR at enrollment, and IDTR was also negatively associated with BMI. At follow-up (controlling for enrollment adiposity), we observed positive associations for PM2.5-10 with BMI, PM10 with BF%, and TI with BF% and BMI. Associations were similar for binary measures of adiposity, with minor differences for some pollutants. Associations of NOX, NO2, PM2.5absorbance, PM2.5 and PM10, with BMI at enrollment, but not at follow-up, were stronger among individuals with higher BMI polygenic risk scores (interaction p <0.05). In this large, prospective cohort, air pollution was associated with several measures of adiposity at enrollment and follow-up, and associations with adiposity at enrollment were modified by a polygenic risk score for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Furlong
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, United States.
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miller MR. Oxidative stress and the cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:69-87. [PMID: 31923583 PMCID: PMC7322534 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular causes have been estimated to be responsible for more than two thirds of the considerable mortality attributed to air pollution. There is now a substantial body of research demonstrating that exposure to air pollution has many detrimental effects throughout the cardiovascular system. Multiple biological mechanisms are responsible, however, oxidative stress is a prominent observation at many levels of the cardiovascular impairment induced by pollutant exposure. This review provides an overview of the evidence that oxidative stress is a key pathway for the different cardiovascular actions of air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH4 3RL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fuertes E, van der Plaat DA, Minelli C. Antioxidant genes and susceptibility to air pollution for respiratory and cardiovascular health. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:88-98. [PMID: 32007521 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when antioxidant defences, which are regulated by a complex network of genes, are insufficient to maintain the level of reactive oxygen species below a toxic threshold. Outdoor air pollution has long been known to adversely affect health and one prominent mechanism of action common to all pollutants is the induction of oxidative stress. An individual's susceptibility to the effects of air pollution partly depends on variation in their antioxidant genes. Thus, understanding antioxidant gene-pollution interactions has significant potential clinical and public health impacts, including the development of targeted and cost-effective preventive measures, such as setting appropriate standards which protect all members of the population. In this review, we aimed to summarize the latest epidemiological evidence on interactions between antioxidant genes and outdoor air pollution, in the context of respiratory and cardiovascular health. The evidence supporting the existence of interactions between antioxidant genes and outdoor air pollution is strongest for childhood asthma and wheeze, especially for interactions with GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1, for lung function in both children and adults for several antioxidant genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, HMOX1, NQO1, and SOD2) and, to a more limited extent, for heart rate variability in adults for GSTM1 and HMOX1. Methodological challenges hampering a clear interpretation of these findings and understanding of true potential heterogeneity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fuertes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Cosetta Minelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brucker N, do Nascimento SN, Bernardini L, Charão MF, Garcia SC. Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility in occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:722-736. [PMID: 31960485 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a well-recognized association between environmental air pollution exposure and several human diseases. However, the relationship between diseases related to occupational air pollution exposure on roads and high levels of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) is less substantiated. Biomarkers are essential tools in environmental and occupational toxicology, and studies on new biomarkers are increasingly relevant due to the need to determine early biomarkers to be assessed in exposure conditions. This review aimed to investigate the main advances in the biomonitoring of subjects occupationally exposed to air pollution, as well as to summarize the biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. Furthermore, we discuss how biomarkers could be used to complement the current application of methods used to assess occupational exposures to xenobiotics present in air pollution. The databases used in the preparation of this review were PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. Considering the significant deleterious effects on health associated with chronic occupational exposure to xenobiotics, this topic deserves attention. As it is difficult to avoid occupational exposure to TRAPs, biomonitoring should be applied as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of workplace exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Brucker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nunes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Bernardini
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ward-Caviness CK. A review of gene-by-air pollution interactions for cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and biomarkers. Hum Genet 2019; 138:547-561. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Huang S, Lawrence J, Kang CM, Li J, Martins M, Vokonas P, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. Road proximity influences indoor exposures to ambient fine particle mass and components. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:978-987. [PMID: 30248605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 mass and its components can affect human health. Meanwhile, indoor concentrations are better exposure predictors as compared to outdoor concentrations because individuals spend the majority of their time indoors. We estimated the impact of traffic emissions on indoor PM2.5 mass and its species as a function of road proximity in Massachusetts. A linear regression model was built using 662 indoor samples and 580 ambient samples. Analysis shows that indoor exposures to traffic-related particles increased dramatically with road proximity. We defined relative concentration decrease, R(α), as the ratio of the indoor concentration at perpendicular distance α in meters from the closest major road to the indoor concentration at 1800 m from the major road. R(13) values for PM2.5 mass and Black Carbon (BC) were 1.3 (95%CI: 1.4, 1.6) and 2.1 (95%CI: 1.3, 2.8) for A12 roads, and 1.3 (95%CI: 1.2, 1.4) and 1.2 (95%CI: 1.1, 1.3) for A3 roads. R(α) values were also estimated for Fe, Mn, Mo, Sr and Ti for A12 roads, and Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, Sr, V and Zn for A3 roads. R(α) values for species associated mainly with brakes, tires or road dust (e.g., Mn, Mo and Sr) were higher than others. For A12 roads, R(13) values for Mn and Mo were 10.9 (95%CI: 0.9, 20.9) and 6.5 (95%CI: 1.4, 11.5), and ranged from 1.3 to 2.1 for other species; for A3 roads, R(13) values for Mn, Mo and Sr were 1.9 (95%CI: 1.1, 2.9), 1.8 (95%CI: 1.1, 2.4), and 8.5 (95%CI: 5.9, 10.9), and ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 for others. Our results indicate a significant impact of local traffic emissions on indoor air, which depends on road proximity. Thus road proximity which has been used in many epidemiological studies is a reasonable exposure metric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Joy Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Choong-Min Kang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Marco Martins
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston 02130, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healtlh, Boston 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ward-Caviness CK, Kraus WE, Blach C, Haynes CS, Dowdy E, Miranda ML, Devlin R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio WE, Mukerjee S, Stallings C, Smith LA, Gregory SG, Shah SH, Neas LM, Hauser ER. Associations Between Residential Proximity to Traffic and Vascular Disease in a Cardiac Catheterization Cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:275-282. [PMID: 29191927 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to mobile source emissions is nearly ubiquitous in developed nations and is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. There is an ongoing need to understand the specificity of traffic exposure associations with vascular outcomes, particularly in individuals with cardiovascular disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed a cross-sectional study using 2124 individuals residing in North Carolina, United States, who received a cardiac catheterization at the Duke University Medical Center. Traffic-related exposure was assessed via 2 metrics: (1) the distance between the primary residence and the nearest major roadway; and (2) location of the primary residence in regions defined based on local traffic patterns. We examined 4 cardiovascular disease outcomes: hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, the number of diseased coronary vessels, and recent myocardial infarction. Statistical models were adjusted for race, sex, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, and home value. Results are expressed in terms of the odds ratio (OR). A 23% decrease in residential distance to major roadways was associated with higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (OR=1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.55) and hypertension (OR=1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.31). Associations with peripheral arterial disease were strongest in men (OR=1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.74) while associations with hypertension were strongest in women (OR=1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.49). Neither myocardial infarction nor the number of diseased coronary vessels were associated with traffic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Traffic-related exposure is associated with peripheral arterial disease and hypertension while no associations are observed for 2 coronary-specific vascular outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.).
| | - William E Kraus
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Colette Blach
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Carol S Haynes
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Elaine Dowdy
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Robert Devlin
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Shaibal Mukerjee
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Casson Stallings
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Luther A Smith
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Simon G Gregory
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Svati H Shah
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Lucas M Neas
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaur N, Singh J, Reddy S. Interaction between ALOX15 polymorphisms and coronary artery disease in North Indian population. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 40:398-405. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1384485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naindeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreenivas Reddy
- Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kelly FJ, Fussell JC. Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease outcomes following exposure to ambient air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:345-367. [PMID: 28669628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. These are manifested through several, likely overlapping, pathways including at the functional level, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, pro-coagulation and alterations in autonomic nervous system balance and blood pressure. At numerous points within each of these pathways, there is potential for cellular oxidative imbalances to occur. The current review examines epidemiological, occupational and controlled exposure studies and research employing healthy and diseased animal models, isolated organs and cell cultures in assessing the importance of the pro-oxidant potential of air pollution in the development of cardiovascular disease outcomes. The collective body of data provides evidence that oxidative stress (OS) is not only central to eliciting specific cardiac endpoints, but is also implicated in modulating the risk of succumbing to cardiovascular disease, sensitivity to ischemia/reperfusion injury and the onset and progression of metabolic disease following ambient pollution exposure. To add to this large research effort conducted to date, further work is required to provide greater insight into areas such as (a) whether an oxidative imbalance triggers and/or worsens the effect and/or is representative of the consequence of disease progression, (b) OS pathways and cardiac outcomes caused by individual pollutants within air pollution mixtures, or as a consequence of inter-pollutant interactions and (c) potential protection provided by nutritional supplements and/or pharmacological agents with antioxidant properties, in susceptible populations residing in polluted urban cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Kelly
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Julia C Fussell
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yoneyama K, Venkatesh BA, Bluemke DA, McClelland RL, Lima JAC. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in an adult human population: serial observations from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:52. [PMID: 28720123 PMCID: PMC5514469 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is the first large-scale multi-ethnic population study in the U.S. to use advanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. MESA participants were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline between 2000 and 2002, and were followed up between 2009 and 2011 with repeated CMR examinations as part of MESA. CMR allows the clinician to visualize and accurately quantify volume and dimensions of all four cardiac chambers; measure systolic and diastolic ventricular function; assess myocardial fibrosis; assess vessel lumen size, vessel wall morphology, and vessel stiffness. CMR has a number of advantages over other imaging modalities such as echocardiography, computed tomography, and invasive angiography, and has been proposed as a diagnostic strategy for high-risk populations. MESA has been extensively evaluating CMR imaging biomarkers, as markers of subclinical disease, in the last 15 years for low-risk populations. On a more practical level, some of the imaging biomarkers developed and studied are translatable to at-risk populations. In this review, we discuss the progression of subclinical cardiovascular disease and the mechanisms responsible for the transition to symptomatic clinical outcomes based on our findings from MESA.
Collapse
Grants
- N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, and N01-HC-95169, UL1-TR-000040 and UL1-TR-001079
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kihei Yoneyama
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - David A Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - João A C Lima
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Professor of Medicine, Radiology and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Blalock 524D1, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weaver AM, Wellenius GA, Wu WC, Hickson DA, Kamalesh M, Wang Y. Residential distance to major roadways and cardiac structure in African Americans: cross-sectional results from the Jackson Heart Study. Environ Health 2017; 16:21. [PMID: 28270143 PMCID: PMC5341411 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among African Americans. Ambient air pollution, including from traffic, is associated with HF, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the cross-sectional associations between residential distance to major roadways with markers of cardiac structure: left ventricular (LV) mass index, LV end-diastolic diameter, LV end-systolic diameter, and LV hypertrophy among African Americans. METHODS We studied baseline participants of the Jackson Heart Study (recruited 2000-2004), a prospective cohort of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among African Americans living in Jackson, Mississippi, USA. All cardiac measures were assessed from echocardiograms. We assessed the associations between residential distance to roads and cardiac structure indicators using multivariable linear regression or multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 4826 participants, residential distance to road was <150 m for 103 participants, 150-299 m for 158, 300-999 for 1156, and ≥1000 m for 3409. Those who lived <150 m from a major road had mean 1.2 mm (95% CI 0.2, 2.1) greater LV diameter at end-systole compared to those who lived ≥1000 m. We did not observe statistically significant associations between distance to roads and LV mass index, LV end-diastolic diameter, or LV hypertrophy. Results did not materially change after additional adjustment for hypertension and diabetes or exclusion of those with CVD at baseline; results strengthened when modeling distance to A1 roads (such as interstate highways) as the exposure of interest. CONCLUSIONS We found that residential distance to roads may be associated with LV end-systolic diameter, a marker of systolic dysfunction, in this cohort of African Americans, suggesting a potential mechanism by which exposure to traffic pollution increases the risk of HF.
Collapse
Grants
- HHSN268201300049C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- HHSN268201300047C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- R01 ES020871 NIEHS NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300050C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- HHSN268201300048C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- R21 NR013231 National Institute of Nursing Research
- HHSN268201300046C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US); National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (US)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (US); National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (US)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Weaver
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd., RG 6082, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- The School of Public Health at Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- The School of Public Health at Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - DeMarc A. Hickson
- Jackson State University School of Public Health Initiative, 350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson Medical Mall, Suite 320, Jackson, MS 39213 USA
| | - Masoor Kamalesh
- Department of Cardiology, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd., RG 6082, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kaufman JD, Spalt EW, Curl CL, Hajat A, Jones MR, Kim SY, Vedal S, Szpiro AA, Gassett A, Sheppard L, Daviglus ML, Adar SD. Advances in Understanding Air Pollution and CVD. Glob Heart 2016; 11:343-352. [PMID: 27741981 PMCID: PMC5082281 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MESA Air (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution) leveraged the platform of the MESA cohort into a prospective longitudinal study of relationships between air pollution and cardiovascular health. MESA Air researchers developed fine-scale, state-of-the-art air pollution exposure models for the MESA Air communities, creating individual exposure estimates for each participant. These models combine cohort-specific exposure monitoring, existing monitoring systems, and an extensive database of geographic and meteorological information. Together with extensive phenotyping in MESA-and adding participants and health measurements to the cohort-MESA Air investigated environmental exposures on a wide range of outcomes. Advances by the MESA Air team included not only a new approach to exposure modeling, but also biostatistical advances in addressing exposure measurement error and temporal confounding. The MESA Air study advanced our understanding of the impact of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease and provided a research platform for advances in environmental epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth W Spalt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cascio WE. Proposed pathophysiologic framework to explain some excess cardiovascular death associated with ambient air particle pollution: Insights for public health translation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2869-79. [PMID: 27451957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The paper proposes a pathophysiologic framework to explain the well-established epidemiological association between exposure to ambient air particle pollution and premature cardiovascular mortality, and offers insights into public health solutions that extend beyond regulatory environmental protections to actions that can be taken by individuals, public health officials, healthcare professionals, city and regional planners, local and state governmental officials and all those who possess the capacity to improve cardiovascular health within the population. The foundation of the framework rests on the contribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors acting alone and in concert with long-term exposures to air pollutants to create a conditional susceptibility for clinical vascular events, such as myocardial ischemia and infarction; stroke and lethal ventricular arrhythmias. The conceptual framework focuses on the fact that short-term exposures to ambient air particulate matter (PM) are associated with vascular thrombosis (acute coronary syndrome, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism) and electrical dysfunction (ventricular arrhythmia); and that individuals having prevalent heart disease are at greatest risk. Moreover, exposure is concomitant with changes in autonomic nervous system balance, systemic inflammation, and prothrombotic/anti-thrombotic and profibrinolytic-antifibrinolytic balance. Thus, a comprehensive solution to the problem of premature mortality triggered by air pollutant exposure will require compliance with regulations to control ambient air particle pollution levels, minimize exposures to air pollutants, as well as a concerted effort to decrease the number of people at-risk for serious clinical cardiovascular events triggered by air pollutant exposure by improving the overall state of cardiovascular health in the population. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne E Cascio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Residential Proximity to Major Roadways Is Not Associated with Cardiac Function in African Americans: Results from the Jackson Heart Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060581. [PMID: 27304962 PMCID: PMC4924038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart failure, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among African Americans. Exposure to ambient air pollution, such as that produced by vehicular traffic, is believed to be associated with heart failure, possibly by impairing cardiac function. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between residential proximity to major roads, a marker of long-term exposure to traffic-related pollution, and echocardiographic indicators of left and pulmonary vascular function in African Americans enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS): left ventricular ejection fraction, E-wave velocity, isovolumic relaxation time, left atrial diameter index, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure. We examined these associations using multivariable linear or logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Of 4866 participants at study enrollment, 106 lived <150 m, 159 lived 150–299 m, 1161 lived 300–999 m, and 3440 lived ≥1000 m from a major roadway. We did not observe any associations between residential distance to major roads and these markers of cardiac function. Results were similar with additional adjustment for diabetes and hypertension, when considering varying definitions of major roadways, or when limiting analyses to those free from cardiovascular disease at baseline. Overall, we observed little evidence that residential proximity to major roads was associated with cardiac function among African Americans.
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu Y, Goodson JM, Zhang B, Chin MT. Air pollution and adverse cardiac remodeling: clinical effects and basic mechanisms. Front Physiol 2015; 6:162. [PMID: 26042051 PMCID: PMC4438225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has long been known to trigger cardiovascular events, primarily through activation of local and systemic inflammatory pathways that affect the vasculature. Detrimental effects of air pollution exposure on heart failure and cardiac remodeling have also been described in human populations. Recent studies in both human subjects and animal models have provided insights into the basic physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms that play a role in adverse cardiac remodeling. This review will give a brief overview of the relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular disease, describe the clinical effects of air pollution exposure on cardiac remodeling, describe the basic mechanisms that affect remodeling as described in human and animal systems and will discuss future areas of investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jamie M Goodson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael T Chin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bind MA, Coull B, Suh H, Wright R, Baccarelli A, Vokonas P, Schwartz J. A novel genetic score approach using instruments to investigate interactions between pathways and environment: application to air pollution. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96000. [PMID: 24755831 PMCID: PMC3995963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been associated with increased systemic inflammation markers. We developed a new pathway analysis approach to investigate whether gene variants within relevant pathways (oxidative stress, endothelial function, and metal processing) modified the association between particulate air pollution and fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Our study population consisted of 822 elderly participants of the Normative Aging Study (1999-2011). To investigate the role of biological mechanisms and to reduce the number of comparisons in the analysis, we created pathway-specific scores using gene variants related to each pathway. To select the most appropriate gene variants, we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) to relate independent outcomes representative of each pathway (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine for oxidative stress, augmentation index for endothelial function, and patella lead for metal processing) to gene variants. A high genetic score corresponds to a higher allelic risk profile. We fit mixed-effects models to examine modification by the genetic score of the weekly air pollution association with the outcome. Among participants with higher genetic scores within the oxidative stress pathway, we observed significant associations between particle number and fibrinogen, while we did not find any association among participants with lower scores (p(interaction) = 0.04). Compared to individuals with low genetic scores of metal processing gene variants, participants with higher scores had greater effects of particle number on fibrinogen (p(interaction) = 0.12), CRP (p(interaction) = 0.02), and ICAM-1 (pinteraction = 0.08). This two-stage penalization method is easy to implement and can be used for large-scale genetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Abele Bind
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helen Suh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Weldy CS, Liu Y, Chang YC, Medvedev IO, Fox JR, Larson TV, Chien WM, Chin MT. In utero and early life exposure to diesel exhaust air pollution increases adult susceptibility to heart failure in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:59. [PMID: 24279743 PMCID: PMC3902482 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is a global health concern, as exposure to PM2.5 has consistently been found to be associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although adult exposure to traffic related PM2.5, which is largely derived from diesel exhaust (DE), has been associated with increased cardiac hypertrophy, there are limited investigations into the potential effect of in utero and early life exposure on adult susceptibility to heart disease. In this study, we investigate the effect of in utero and early life exposure to DE on adult susceptibility to heart failure. Methods Female C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or DE for 3 weeks (≈300 μg/m3 PM2.5 for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week) and then introduced to male breeders for timed matings. Female mice were exposed to either FA or DE throughout pregnancy and until offspring were 3 weeks of age. Offspring were then transferred to either FA or DE for an additional 8 weeks of exposure. At 12 weeks of age, male offspring underwent a baseline echocardiographic assessment, followed by a sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce pressure overload. Following sacrifice three weeks post surgery, ventricles were processed for histology to assess myocardial fibrosis and individual cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. mRNA from lung tissue was isolated to measure expression of inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα. Results We observed that mice exposed to DE during in utero and early life development have significantly increased susceptibility to cardiac hypertrophy, systolic failure, myocardial fibrosis, and pulmonary congestion following TAC surgery compared to FA control, or adult DE exposed mice. In utero and early life DE exposure also strongly modified the inflammatory cytokine response in the adult lung. Conclusions We conclude that exposure to diesel exhaust air pollution during in utero and early life development in mice increases adult susceptibility to heart failure. The results of this study may imply that the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease in human populations may be strongly mediated through a ‘fetal origins’ of adult disease pathway. Further investigations on this potential pathway of disease are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael T Chin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Y, Chien WM, Medvedev IO, Weldy CS, Luchtel DL, Rosenfeld ME, Chin MT. Inhalation of diesel exhaust does not exacerbate cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure in two mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:49. [PMID: 24093778 PMCID: PMC3851491 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong associations have been observed between exposure to fine ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In particular, exposure to traffic related PM2.5 has been associated with increases in left ventricular hypertrophy, a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. As much of traffic related PM2.5 is derived from diesel exhaust (DE), we investigated the effects of chronic DE exposure on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the adult mouse by exposing mice to DE combined with either of two mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy: angiotensin II infusion or pressure overload induced by transverse aortic banding. Methods Wild type male C57BL/6 J mice were either infused with angiotensin II (800 ng/kg/min) via osmotic minipump implanted subcutaneously for 1 month, or underwent transverse aortic banding (27 gauge needle 1 week for observing acute reactions, 26 gauge needle 3 months or 6 months for observing chronic reactions). Vehicle (saline) infusion or sham surgery was used as a control. Shortly after surgery, mice were transferred to our exposure facility and randomly assigned to either diesel exhaust (300 or 400 μg/m3) or filtered air exposures. After reaching the end of designated time points, echocardiography was performed to measure heart structure and function. Gravimetric analysis was used to measure the ventricular weight to body weight ratio. We also measured heart rate by telemetry using implanted ambulatory ECG monitors. Results Both angiotensin II and transverse aortic banding promoted cardiac hypertrophy compared to vehicle or sham controls. Transverse aortic banding for six months also promoted heart failure in addition to cardiac hypertrophy. In all cases, DE failed to exacerbate the development of hypertrophy or heart failure when compared to filtered air controls. Prolonged DE exposure also led to a decrease in average heart rate. Conclusions Up to 6-months of DE exposure had no effect on cardiac hypertrophy and heart function induced by angiotensin II stimulation or pressure overload in adult C57BL/6 J mice. This study highlights the potential importance of particle constituents of ambient PM2.5 to elicit cardiotoxic effects. Further investigations on particle constituents and cardiotoxicity are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Diane R Gold
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston MA 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Humblet O, Korrick SA, Williams PL, Sergeyev O, Emond C, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Altshul LM, Patterson DG, Turner WE, Lee MM, Revich B, Hauser R. Genetic modification of the association between peripubertal dioxin exposure and pubertal onset in a cohort of Russian boys. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:111-117. [PMID: 23060366 PMCID: PMC3546349 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to dioxins has been associated with delayed pubertal onset in both epidemiologic and animal studies. Whether genetic polymorphisms may modify this association is currently unknown. Identifying such genes could provide insight into mechanistic pathways. This is one of the first studies to assess genetic susceptibility to dioxins. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether common polymorphisms in genes affecting either molecular responses to dioxin exposure or pubertal onset influence the association between peripubertal serum dioxin concentration and male pubertal onset. METHODS In this prospective cohort of Russian adolescent boys (n = 392), we assessed gene-environment interactions for 337 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 46 candidate genes and two intergenic regions. Dioxins were measured in the boys' serum at age 8-9 years. Pubertal onset was based on testicular volume and on genitalia staging. Statistical approaches for controlling for multiple testing were used, both with and without prescreening for marginal genetic associations. RESULTS After accounting for multiple testing, two tag SNPs in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR/NR3C1) gene and one in the estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) gene were significant (q < 0.2) modifiers of the association between peripubertal serum dioxin concentration and male pubertal onset defined by genitalia staging, although not by testicular volume. The results were sensitive to whether multiple comparison adjustment was applied to all gene-environment tests or only to those with marginal genetic associations. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor-α genes may modify the association between peripubertal serum dioxin concentration and pubertal onset. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Humblet
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Krishnan RM, Adar SD, Szpiro AA, Jorgensen NW, Van Hee VC, Barr RG, O'Neill MS, Herrington DM, Polak JF, Kaufman JD. Vascular responses to long- and short-term exposure to fine particulate matter: MESA Air (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60:2158-66. [PMID: 23103035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the association of long- and short-term air pollutant exposures with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and baseline arterial diameter (BAD) of the brachial artery using ultrasound in a large multicity cohort. BACKGROUND Exposures to ambient air pollution, especially long-term exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)), are linked with cardiovascular mortality. Short-term exposure to PM(2.5) has been associated with decreased FMD and vasoconstriction, suggesting that adverse effects of PM(2.5) may involve endothelial dysfunction. However, long-term effects of PM(2.5) on endothelial dysfunction have not been investigated. METHODS FMD and BAD were measured by brachial artery ultrasound at the initial examination of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Long-term PM(2.5) concentrations were estimated for the year 2000 at each participant's residence (n = 3,040) using a spatio-temporal model informed by cohort-specific monitoring. Short-term PM(2.5) concentrations were based on daily central-site monitoring in each of the 6 cities. RESULTS An interquartile increase in long-term PM(2.5) concentration (3 μg/m(3)) was associated with a 0.3% decrease in FMD (95% confidence interval [CI] of difference: -0.6 to -0.03; p = 0.03), adjusting for demographic characteristics, traditional risk factors, sonographers, and 1/BAD. Women, nonsmokers, younger participants, and those with hypertension seemed to show a greater association of PM(2.5) with FMD. FMD was not significantly associated with short-term variation in PM(2.5) (-0.1% per 12 μg/m(3) daily increase [95% CI: -0.2 to 0.04] on the day before examination). CONCLUSIONS Long-term PM(2.5) exposure was significantly associated with decreased endothelial function according to brachial ultrasound results. These findings may elucidate an important pathway linking air pollution and cardiovascular mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini M Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Block ML, Elder A, Auten RL, Bilbo SD, Chen H, Chen JC, Cory-Slechta DA, Costa D, Diaz-Sanchez D, Dorman DC, Gold DR, Gray K, Jeng HA, Kaufman JD, Kleinman MT, Kirshner A, Lawler C, Miller DS, Nadadur SS, Ritz B, Semmens EO, Tonelli LH, Veronesi B, Wright RO, Wright RJ. The outdoor air pollution and brain health workshop. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:972-84. [PMID: 22981845 PMCID: PMC3726250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that outdoor air pollution may have a significant impact on central nervous system (CNS) health and disease. To address this issue, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health convened a panel of research scientists that was assigned the task of identifying research gaps and priority goals essential for advancing this growing field and addressing an emerging human health concern. Here, we review recent findings that have established the effects of inhaled air pollutants in the brain, explore the potential mechanisms driving these phenomena, and discuss the recommended research priorities/approaches that were identified by the panel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Block
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Campus, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gordon CJ, Schladweiler MC, Krantz T, King C, Kodavanti UP. Cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses of unrestrained rats exposed to filtered or unfiltered diesel exhaust. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:296-309. [PMID: 22486347 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.670811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust has been associated with adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary health effects. The relative contributions of the gas phase and particulate components of diesel exhaust are less well understood. We exposed telemetered Wistar-Kyoto rats to air or diesel exhaust that was either filtered (F) or unfiltered [gas-phase plus diesel exhaust particles (DEP)], containing ~1.9 mg/m³ of particulate matter for 5 h/day; 5 days/week for 4 consecutive weeks. Blood pressure (BP), core temperature (T(c)), heart rate (HR), and cardiac contractility (CC) estimated by the QA interval were monitored by radiotelemetry during exposure as well as during a 2-week period of recovery. Pulmonary injury and inflammation markers were analysed after 2-day, and 4 weeks of exposure, and 2-week recovery. Exposure to F or DEP was associated with a trend for a reduction in BP during weeks 1, 2 and 4. A reduction in HR in the DEP group was apparent during week 4. Exposure to DEP but not F was associated with significant reduction in CC over weeks 1-4. There was also a slight elevation in T(c) during DEP exposure. All telemetry parameters were normal during recovery at night and a 2-week recovery period. Neutrophilic inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was evident after 2 days and 4 weeks of exposure to F and DEP. There were no signs of inflammation after 2-week recovery. We found a significant decrease in CC and slight reduction in BP. Exposure to DEP and F is associated with pulmonary inflammation, and mild effects on HR, BP, and T(c) but there is a marked effect of DEP on CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gordon
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao J, He Z, Ma S, Li L. Association of ALOX15 Gene Polymorphism with Ischemic Stroke in Northern Chinese Han Population. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:458-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
33
|
Kelishadi R, Poursafa P, Keramatian K. Overweight, air and noise pollution: Universal risk factors for pediatric pre-hypertension. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2011; 16:1234-50. [PMID: 22973395 PMCID: PMC3430051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric pre-hypertension (pre-HTN) has a complex multifactorial etiology. Although most cases are secondary to other disorders, a substantial number of children and adolescents have primary or essential HTN and pre-HTN. The gene-gene and gene-environment interactions should be considered in this context. The strong relationship of pre-HTN with environmental factors such as air pollution, noise pollution and passive smoking and obesity suggest that its prevalence will be escalating.Exposure to ambient particulate matters may increase blood pressure (BP) within hours to days. The underlying biologic pathways include autonomic nervous system imbalance and arterial vascular dysfunction or vasoconstriction because of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Likewise, tobacco smoke exposure of pregnant mothers increases systolic BP of their offspring in early infancy. Parental smoking also independently affects systolic BP among healthy preschool children. Noise exposure, notably in night, is associated with catecholamine secretion, increased BP and a pre-HTN state even in pre-school age children.Excess weight is associated with dysfunction of the adipose tissue, consisting of enlarged hypertrophied adipocytes, increased infiltration by macrophages and variations in secretion of adipokines and free fatty acids. These changes would result in chronic vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic response, and ultimately to pre-HTN from childhood.Prevention and control of the modifiable risk factors of pre-HTN from prenatal period can have long-term health impact on primordial and primary prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. This review presents a general view on the diagnosis, prevalence and etiology of pre-HTN along with practical measures for its prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Child Health Promotion Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
Corresponding Author: Parinaz Poursafa E-mail:
| | - Kasra Keramatian
- Child Health Promotion Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Budinger GRS, Mutlu GM. Update in environmental and occupational medicine 2010. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1614-9. [PMID: 21693716 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201103-0467up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Research to date demonstrates a relationship between exposure to ambient air pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many studies have shown associations between short-term exposures to elevated levels of air pollutants and CVD events, and several cohort studies suggest effects of long-term exposure on cardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease events, and stroke. The biologic mechanisms underlying this long-term exposure relationship are not entirely clear but are hypothesized to include systemic inflammation, autonomic nervous system imbalance, changes in vascular compliance, altered cardiac structure, and development of atherosclerosis. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis provides an especially well-characterized population in which to investigate the relationship between air pollution and CVD and to explore these biologic pathways. This article reviews findings reported to date within this cohort and summarizes the aims and anticipated contributions of a major ancillary study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility is likely to play a role in response to air pollution. Hence, gene-environment interaction studies can be a tool for exploring the mechanisms and the importance of the pathway in the association between air pollution and a cardiovascular outcome. In this article, we present a systematic review of the studies that have examined gene-environment interactions in relation to the cardiovascular health effects of air pollutants. We identified 16 articles meeting our search criteria. Of these studies, most have focused on individual functional polymorphisms or individual candidate genes. Moreover, they were all based on 3 study populations that have been extensively investigated in relation to air pollution effects: the Normative Aging Study, Air Pollution and Inflammatory Response in Myocardial Infarction Survivors: Gene-Environment Interaction in a High Risk Group, and Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. In conclusions, the studies differed substantially in both the cardiovascular outcomes examined and the polymorphisms examined, so there is little confirmation of results across cohorts. Gene-environment interaction studies can help explore the mechanisms and the potential pathway in the association between air pollution and a cardiovascular outcome; replication of findings and studies involving multiple cohorts would be needed to draw stronger conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|