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Lu Z, Peng H, Li R, Xu X, Peng J. BarH-like homeobox 2 represses the transcription of keratin 16 and affects Ras signaling pathway to suppress nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3122-3136. [PMID: 35037835 PMCID: PMC8974228 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2026549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) refers to a malignancy initiating from the superior mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx. Optimal therapies for NPC are still needed. In this investigation, we attempted to explore whether BarH-like homeobox 2 (BARX2), a well-known tumor suppressor, had anti-cancer properties on NPC, and the possible mechanisms. After searching for NPC-related databases, we determined BARX2 as one of the core genes in NPC. The results of RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry or Western blot demonstrated that BARX2 was reduced in NPC patients and cells. Ectopic expression of BARX2 reverted the malignant phenotype of NPC cells. Mechanistically, BARX2 bound to the keratin 16 (KRT16) promoter to downregulate its expression. In addition, BARX2 was found to reduce the phosphorylation levels of MEK and ERK. Further KRT16 upregulation in cells overexpressing BARX2 promoted malignant aggressiveness of C666-1 and HNE3 cells and activated the Ras signaling pathway. BARX2 inhibited the growth and metastasis of tumors and suppressed the Ras signaling pathway in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that BARX2 reverts malignant phenotypes of NPC cells by downregulating KRT16 in a Ras-dependent fashion. BARX2 might act as a possible therapeutic regulator for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Lu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, P.R. China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, P.R. China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiyong Peng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, P.R. China
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Zhang Z, Costa M. p62 functions as a signal hub in metal carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:267-278. [PMID: 33894381 PMCID: PMC9161642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of metals are toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in metal carcinogenesis. Oxidative stress acts as the converging point among various stressors with ROS being the main intracellular signal transducer. In metal-transformed cells, persistent expression of p62 and erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) result in apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, inflammatory microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to overall mechanism of metal carcinogenesis. Autophagy, a conserved intracellular process, maintains cellular homeostasis by facilitating the turnover of protein aggregates, cellular debris, and damaged organelles. In addition to being a substrate of autophagy, p62 is also a crucial molecule in a myriad of cellular functions and in molecular events, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, that modulate cell survival and tumor growth. The multiple functions of p62 are appreciated by its ability to interact with several key components involved in various oncogenic pathways. This review summarizes the current knowledge and progress in studies of p62 and metal carcinogenesis with emphasis on oncogenic pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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3
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Wang X, Su YR, Petersen PS, Bien S, Schmit SL, Drew DA, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Brenner H, Campbell PT, Casey G, Chang-Claude J, Gallinger SJ, Gruber SB, Haile RW, Harrison TA, Hoffmeister M, Jacobs EJ, Jenkins MA, Joshi AD, Li L, Lin Y, Lindor NM, Marchand LL, Martin V, Milne R, Maclnnis R, Moreno V, Nan H, Newcomb PA, Potter JD, Rennert G, Rennert H, Slattery ML, Thibodeau SN, Weinstein SJ, Woods MO, Chan AT, White E, Hsu L, Peters U. Exploratory Genome-Wide Interaction Analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Predicted Gene Expression on Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1800-1808. [PMID: 32651213 PMCID: PMC7556991 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer. Genome-wide interaction analysis on single variants (G × E) has identified several SNPs that may interact with NSAIDs to confer colorectal cancer risk, but variations in gene expression levels may also modify the effect of NSAID use. Therefore, we tested interactions between NSAID use and predicted gene expression levels in relation to colorectal cancer risk. METHODS Genetically predicted gene expressions were tested for interaction with NSAID use on colorectal cancer risk among 19,258 colorectal cancer cases and 18,597 controls from 21 observational studies. A Mixed Score Test for Interactions (MiSTi) approach was used to jointly assess G × E effects which are modeled via fixed interaction effects of the weighted burden within each gene set (burden) and residual G × E effects (variance). A false discovery rate (FDR) at 0.2 was applied to correct for multiple testing. RESULTS Among the 4,840 genes tested, genetically predicted expression levels of four genes modified the effect of any NSAID use on colorectal cancer risk, including DPP10 (PG×E = 1.96 × 10-4), KRT16 (PG×E = 2.3 × 10-4), CD14 (PG×E = 9.38 × 10-4), and CYP27A1 (PG×E = 1.44 × 10-3). There was a significant interaction between expression level of RP11-89N17 and regular use of aspirin only on colorectal cancer risk (PG×E = 3.23 × 10-5). No interactions were observed between predicted gene expression and nonaspirin NSAID use at FDR < 0.2. CONCLUSIONS By incorporating functional information, we discovered several novel genes that interacted with NSAID use. IMPACT These findings provide preliminary support that could help understand the chemopreventive mechanisms of NSAIDs on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paneen S Petersen
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - David A Drew
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Graham Casey
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven J Gallinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert W Haile
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Vicente Martin
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Roger Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Maclnnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steve N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
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Furue M. Regulation of Filaggrin, Loricrin, and Involucrin by IL-4, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, AHR, and NRF2: Pathogenic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5382. [PMID: 32751111 PMCID: PMC7432778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an eczematous, pruritic skin disorder with extensive barrier dysfunction and elevated interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 signatures. The barrier dysfunction correlates with the downregulation of barrier-related molecules such as filaggrin (FLG), loricrin (LOR), and involucrin (IVL). IL-4 and IL-13 potently inhibit the expression of these molecules by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6 and STAT3. In addition to IL-4 and IL-13, IL-22 and IL-17A are probably involved in the barrier dysfunction by inhibiting the expression of these barrier-related molecules. In contrast, natural or medicinal ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are potent upregulators of FLG, LOR, and IVL expression. As IL-4, IL-13, IL-22, and IL-17A are all capable of inducing oxidative stress, antioxidative AHR agonists such as coal tar, glyteer, and tapinarof exert particular therapeutic efficacy for AD. These antioxidative AHR ligands are known to activate an antioxidative transcription factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2). This article focuses on the mechanisms by which FLG, LOR, and IVL expression is regulated by IL-4, IL-13, IL-22, and IL-17A. The author also summarizes how AHR and NRF2 dual activators exert their beneficial effects in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5581; Fax: +81-92-642-5600
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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5
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Weir TL, Trikha SRJ, Thompson HJ. Diet and cancer risk reduction: The role of diet-microbiota interactions and microbial metabolites. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:53-60. [PMID: 32574813 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to recent estimates, over one third of the human population will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lifetime. While genetic factors play a large part in cancer risk, as much as 50 % of cancers may be preventable through various lifestyle modifications. Nutrition is a major modifiable risk factor, both through its impacts on obesity as well as through dietary chemical exposures that can either increase or decrease cancer risk. However, specific associations and mechanistic links between diet and cancer risk are either inconsistent or elusive. New insights regarding the reciprocal interactions between diet and the gut microbiota, the trillions of organisms that reside in our intestines, may help clarify how diet impacts cancer. The gut microbiota is largely shaped by an individual's diet and has far-reaching effects on metabolism, the immune system, and inflammation- important factors in the development and progression of various cancers. Likewise, the microbiota modifies dietary components, and consequently, exposure to metabolites that can influence cancer. This review explores some of these diet-microbiota interactions in the context of their potential impacts on cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Weir
- Intestinal Health Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, United States.
| | - S Raj J Trikha
- Intestinal Health Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, United States
| | - Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
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6
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Zieman AG, Poll BG, Ma J, Coulombe PA. Altered keratinocyte differentiation is an early driver of keratin mutation-based palmoplantar keratoderma. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2255-2270. [PMID: 31220272 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I intermediate filament keratin 16 (KRT16 gene; K16 protein) is constitutively expressed in ectoderm-derived appendages and in palmar/plantar epidermis and is robustly induced when the epidermis experiences chemical, mechanical or environmental stress. Missense mutations at the KRT16 locus can cause pachyonychia congenita (PC, OMIM:167200) or focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (FNEPPK, OMIM:613000), which each entail painful calluses on palmar and plantar skin. Krt16-null mice develop footpad lesions that mimic PC-associated PPK, providing an opportunity to decipher its pathophysiology, and develop therapies. We report on insight gained from a genome-wide analysis of gene expression in PPK-like lesions of Krt16-null mice. Comparison of this data set with publicly available microarray data of PPK lesions from individuals with PC revealed significant synergies in gene expression profiles. Keratin 9 (Krt9/K9), the most robustly expressed gene in differentiating volar keratinocytes, is markedly downregulated in Krt16-null paw skin, well-ahead of lesion onset, and is paralleled by pleiotropic defects in terminal differentiation. Effective prevention of PPK-like lesions in Krt16-null paw skin (via topical delivery of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane) involves the stimulation of Krt9 expression. These findings highlight a role for defective terminal differentiation and loss of Krt9/K9 expression as additional drivers of PC-associated PPK and highlight restoration of KRT9 expression as a worthy target for therapy. Further, we report on the novel observation that keratin 16 can localize to the nucleus of epithelial cells, implying a potential nuclear function that may be relevant to PC and FNEPPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Zieman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian G Poll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingqun Ma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Leube RE, Schwarz N. Sex Matters: Interfering with the Oxidative Stress Response in Pachyonychia Congenita. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 138:1019-1022. [PMID: 29681388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pachyonychia congenita is an incurable and often debilitating genodermatosis. Topical application of the antioxidative response inducer sulforaphane, however, alleviates disease symptoms in a murine pachyonychia congenita model, forecasting clinical benefits. The Coulombe laboratory now reports sex-dependent differences in sulforaphane responsiveness of pachyonychia congenita mice, thereby dampening treatment expectations but also unveiling novel aspects of sex-specific oxidative stress reactivity in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Endo H, Owada S, Inagaki Y, Shida Y, Tatemichi M. Glucose starvation induces LKB1-AMPK-mediated MMP-9 expression in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10122. [PMID: 29973599 PMCID: PMC6031623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilise the glycolytic pathway to support their rapid growth and proliferation. Since cells in most solid tumours are subjected to severe microenvironmental stresses including low nutrient and oxygen availability, such cancer cells must develop mechanisms to overcome these unfavourable growth conditions by metabolic adaptation. Although the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis under conditions of metabolic stress, the role of LKB1-AMPK signalling in aiding cancer cell survival and in malignant tumours has not yet been fully elucidated. We show that glucose starvation promotes cancer cell invasiveness and migration through LKB1-AMPK-regulated MMP-9 expression. Most intriguingly, triggering the LKB1-AMPK signalling pathway by glucose starvation-induced oxidative stress facilitates selective autophagy, which in turn enhances Keap1 degradation and the subsequent activation of Nrf2. Following this, Nrf2 regulates the transactivation of MMP-9 via Nrf2 binding sites in the promoter region of the MMP-9 gene. These mechanisms also contribute to the suppression of excessive oxidative stress under glucose starvation, and protect against cell death. Our data clearly shows that LKB1-AMPK signalling not only maintains energy and oxidative stress homeostasis, but could also promote cancer progression during metabolic stress conditions by MMP-9 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Owada
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yukari Shida
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tatemichi
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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9
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Burroughs AF, Eluhu S, Whalen D, Goodwin JS, Sakwe AM, Arinze IJ. PML-Nuclear Bodies Regulate the Stability of the Fusion Protein Dendra2-Nrf2 in the Nucleus. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 47:800-816. [PMID: 29807365 PMCID: PMC6503657 DOI: 10.1159/000490033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a basic leucine-zipper transcription factor essential for cellular responses to oxidative stress. Degradation of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm, mediated by Keap1-Cullin3/RING box1 (Cul3-Rbx1) E3 ubiquitin ligase and the proteasome, is considered the primary pathway controlling the cellular abundance of Nrf2. Although the nucleus has been implicated in the degradation of Nrf2, little information is available on how this compartment participates in degrading Nrf2. METHODS Here, we fused the photoconvertible fluorescent protein Dendra2 to Nrf2 and capitalized on the irreversible change in color (green to red) that occurs when Dendra2 undergoes photoconversion to study degradation of Dendra2-Nrf2 in single live cells. RESULTS Using this approach, we show that the half-life (t1/2) of Dendra2-Nrf2 in the whole cell, under homeostatic conditions, is 35 min. Inhibition of the proteasome with MG-132 or induction of oxidative stress with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) extended the half-life of Dendra2-Nrf2 by 6- and 28-fold, respectively. By inhibiting nuclear export using Leptomycin B, we provide direct evidence that degradation of Nrf2 also occurs in the nucleus and involves PML-NBs (Promyelocytic Leukemia-nuclear bodies). We further demonstrate that co-expression of Dendra2-Nrf2 and Crimson-PML-I lacking two PML-I sumoylation sites (K65R and K490R) changed the decay rate of Dendra2-Nrf2 in the nucleus and stabilized the nuclear derived Nrf2 levels in whole cells. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings provide direct evidence for degradation of Nrf2 in the nucleus and suggest that modification of Nrf2 in PML nuclear bodies contributes to its degradation in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Eluhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Diva Whalen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Shawn Goodwin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amos M. Sakwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ifeanyi J. Arinze
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Lai R, Xian D, Yang L, Song J, Zhong J. A Comment on “Anti-Psoriatic Drug Monomethylfumarate Increases Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Levels and Induces Aquaporin-3 mRNA and Protein Expression”. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 364:447-448. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.246074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Evstafieva AG, Kovaleva IE, Shoshinova MS, Budanov AV, Chumakov PM. Implication of KRT16, FAM129A and HKDC1 genes as ATF4 regulated components of the integrated stress response. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191107. [PMID: 29420561 PMCID: PMC5805170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATF4 transcription factor is a key regulator of the adaptive integrated stress response (ISR) induced by various stresses and pathologies. Identification of novel transcription targets of ATF4 during ISR would contribute to the understanding of adaptive networks and help to identify novel therapeutic targets. We were previously searching for genes that display an inverse regulation mode by the transcription factors ATF4 and p53 in response to mitochondrial respiration chain complex III inhibition. Among the selected candidates the human genes for cytokeratine 16 (KRT16), anti-apoptotic protein Niban (FAM129A) and hexokinase HKDC1 have been found highly responsive to ATF4 overexpression. Here we explored potential roles of the induction of KRT16, FAM129A and HKDC1 genes in ISR. As verified by RT-qPCR, a dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration chain and ER stress resulted in a partially ATF4-dependent stimulation of KRT16, FAM129A and HKDC1 expression in the HCT116 colon carcinoma cell line. ISRIB, a specific inhibitor of ISR, was able to downregulate the ER stress-induced levels of KRT16, FAM129A and HKDC1 transcripts. An inhibition of ATF4 by RNAi attenuated the induction of KRT16, FAM129A and HKDC1 mRNAs in response to ER stress or to a dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration. The similar induction of the three genes was observed in another tumor-derived cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa. However, in HaCaT and HEK293T cells that display transformed phenotypes, but do not originate from patient-derived tumors, the ER stress-inducing treatments resulted in an upregulation of FAM129A and HKDC1, but not KRT16 transcripts, By a luciferase reporter approach we identified a highly active ATF4-responsive element within the upstream region of the KRT16 gene. The results suggest a conditional regulation of KRT16 gene by ATF4 that may be inhibited in normal cells, but engaged during cancer progression. Potential roles of KRT16, FAM129A and HKDC1 genes upregulation in adaptive stress responses and pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. Evstafieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (AGE); (PMC)
| | - Irina E. Kovaleva
- Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Shoshinova
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Budanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter M. Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-Biology Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (AGE); (PMC)
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Yang L, Fan X, Cui T, Dang E, Wang G. Nrf2 Promotes Keratinocyte Proliferation in Psoriasis through Up-Regulation of Keratin 6, Keratin 16, and Keratin 17. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2168-2176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Kerns ML, Hakim JMC, Lu RG, Guo Y, Berroth A, Kaspar RL, Coulombe PA. Oxidative stress and dysfunctional NRF2 underlie pachyonychia congenita phenotypes. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2356-66. [PMID: 27183391 DOI: 10.1172/jci84870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) are debilitating lesions that arise in individuals with pachyonychia congenita (PC) and feature upregulation of danger-associated molecular patterns and skin barrier regulators. The defining features of PC-associated PPK are reproduced in mice null for keratin 16 (Krt16), which is commonly mutated in PC patients. Here, we have shown that PPK onset is preceded by oxidative stress in footpad skin of Krt16-/- mice and correlates with an inability of keratinocytes to sustain nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2-dependent (NRF2-dependent) synthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Additionally, examination of plantar skin biopsies from individuals with PC confirmed the presence of high levels of hypophosphorylated NRF2 in lesional tissue. In Krt16-/- mice, genetic ablation of Nrf2 worsened spontaneous skin lesions and accelerated PPK development in footpad skin. Hypoactivity of NRF2 in Krt16-/- footpad skin correlated with decreased levels or activity of upstream NRF2 activators, including PKCδ, receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), and p21. Topical application of the NRF2 activator sulforaphane to the footpad of Krt16-/- mice prevented the development of PPK and normalized redox balance via regeneration of GSH from existing cellular pools. Together, these findings point to oxidative stress and dysfunctional NRF2 as contributors to PPK pathogenesis, identify K16 as a regulator of NRF2 activation, and suggest that pharmacological activation of NRF2 should be further explored for PC treatment.
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Chiarella P, Carbonari D, Iavicoli S. Utility of checklist to describe experimental methods for investigating molecular biomarkers. Biomark Med 2015; 9:989-95. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In research articles, detailed description of experimental methods and reagents is fundamental for correct reproducibility of the published data. This becomes even more important when such data contribute to identify molecular targets and toxicity biomarkers whose role is crucial in the physiology and pathology of human health. Methods & Objectives: To achieve good reproducibility of data we took advantage of others’ experiences and analyzed molecular biology and immunodetection techniques in 32 journal articles investigating the human NRF2 and Keap1 genes involved in the cell response to oxidative stress. Results & Conclusions: In conclusion of the analysis, we assessed deficiency of information in the published methods, making it difficult to select appropriate protocols. Underlining the importance of assay reproducibility, this paper proposes the utility of a minimum information checklist of methods for biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieranna Chiarella
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology & Hygiene, INAIL Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Carbonari
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology & Hygiene, INAIL Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology & Hygiene, INAIL Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
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15
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Ray PD, Huang BW, Tsuji Y. Coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation in arsenite-activated transcription of the human heme oxygenase-1 gene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1277-88. [PMID: 26291278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is primarily induced through NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Gene transcription is coordinately regulated by transcription factor activity at enhancer elements and epigenetic alterations such as the posttranslational modification of histone proteins. However, the role of histone modifications in the Nrf2-ARE axis remains largely uncharacterized. The environmental contaminant arsenite is a potent inducer of both HO-1 expression and phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 (H3S10); therefore, we investigated the relationships between Nrf2 and H3S10 phosphorylation in arsenite-induced, ARE-dependent, transcriptional activation of the human HO-1 gene. Arsenite increased phosphorylation of H3S10 both globally and at the HO-1 promoter concomitantly with HO-1 transcription in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Conversely, arsenite-induced H3S10 phosphorylation and HO-1 expression were blocked by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125, and JNK knockdown (siJNK). Interestingly, ablation of arsenite-induced H3S10 phosphorylation by SP600125 or siJNK did not inhibit Nrf2 nuclear accumulation nor ARE binding, despite inhibiting HO-1 expression. In response to arsenite, binding of Nrf2 to the HO-1 ARE preceded phosphorylation of H3S10 at the HO-1 ARE. Furthermore, arsenite-mediated occupancy of phosphorylated H3S10 at the HO-1 ARE was decreased in Nrf2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These results suggest the involvement of H3S10 phosphorylation in the Nrf2-ARE axis by proposing that Nrf2 may influence H3S10 phosphorylation at the HO-1 ARE and additional promoter regions. Our data highlights the complex interplay between Nrf2 and H3S10 phosphorylation in arsenite-activated HO-1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States
| | - Bo-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States
| | - Yoshiaki Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States.
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Paul S, Giri AK. Epimutagenesis: A prospective mechanism to remediate arsenic-induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 81:8-17. [PMID: 25898228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a global issue, addressed by the World Health Organization as one of the major natural calamities faced by humans. More than 137 million individuals in 70 nations are affected by arsenic mainly through drinking water and also through diet. Chronic arsenic exposure leads to various types of patho-physiological end points in humans including cancers. Arsenic, a xenobiotic substance, is biotransformed in the body to its methylated species by using the physiological S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). SAM dictates methylation status of the genome and arsenic metabolism leads to depletion of SAM leading to an epigenetic disequilibrium. Since epigenetics is one of the major phenomenon at the interface between the environment and human health impact, its disequilibrium by arsenic inflicts upon the chromatin compaction, gene expression, genomic stability and a host of biomolecular interactions, the interactome within the cell. Since arsenic is not mutagenic but is carcinogenic in nature, arsenic induced epimutagenesis has come to the forefront since it determines the transcriptional and genomic integrity of the cell. Arsenic toxicity brings forth several pathophysiological manifestations like dermatological non-cancerous, pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions, peripheral neuropathy, DNA damage, respiratory disorders and cancers of several internal organs. Recently, several diseases of similar manifestations have been explained with the relevant epigenetic perspectives regarding the possible molecular mechanism for their onset. Hence, in the current review, we comprehensively try to intercalate the information on arsenic-induced epigenetic alterations of DNA, histones and microRNA so as to understand whether the arsenic-induced toxic manifestations are brought about by the epigenetic changes. We highlight the need to understand the aspect of epimutagenesis and subsequent alterations in the cellular interactome due to arsenic-induced molecular changes, which may be utilized to develop putative therapeutic strategies targeting both oxidative potential and epimutagenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Paul
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashok K Giri
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Duan X, Liu D, Xing X, Li J, Zhao S, Nie H, Zhang Y, Sun G, Li B. Tert-butylhydroquinone as a phenolic activator of Nrf2 antagonizes arsenic-induced oxidative cytotoxicity but promotes arsenic methylation and detoxication in human hepatocyte cell line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:294-302. [PMID: 24970285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays crucial roles in exerting a variety of damages upon arsenic exposure. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcriptional regulator protecting cells and tissues from oxidative injuries. The objective of this study was to test whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a well-known synthetic Nrf2 inducer, could protect human hepatocytes against arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative injuries. Our results showed that 5 and 25 μmol/l tBHQ pretreatment suppressed the arsenic-induced hepatocellular cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and hepatic lipid peroxidation, while relieved the arsenic-induced disturbances of intracellular glutathione balance. In addition, we also observed that tBHQ treatment promoted the arsenic biomethylation process and upregulated Nrf2-regulated downstream heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH: quinine oxidoreductase 1 mRNA expressions. Collectively, we suspected that Nrf2 signaling pathway may be involved in the protective effects of tBHQ against arsenic invasion in hepatocytes. These data suggest that phenolic Nrf2 inducers, such as tBHQ, represent novel therapeutic or dietary candidates for the population at high risk of arsenic poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
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18
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García-Niño WR, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:182-201. [PMID: 24751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposures to heavy metals produce several adverse health effects. The common mechanism determining their toxicity and carcinogenicity is the generation of oxidative stress that leads to hepatic damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by metal exposure leads to the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response elements (Nrf2/Keap1/ARE) pathway. Since antioxidant and chelating agents are generally used for the treatment of heavy metals poisoning, this review is focused on the protective role of curcumin against liver injury induced by heavy metals. Curcumin has shown, in clinical and preclinical studies, numerous biological activities including therapeutic efficacy against various human diseases and anti-hepatotoxic effects against environmental or occupational toxins. Curcumin reduces the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and mercury, prevents histological injury, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, maintains the liver antioxidant enzyme status and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. The preventive effect of curcumin on the noxious effects induced by heavy metals has been attributed to its scavenging and chelating properties, and/or to the ability to induce the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. However, additional research is needed in order to propose curcumin as a potential protective agent against liver damage induced by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico.
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Keratin 16 regulates innate immunity in response to epidermal barrier breach. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19537-42. [PMID: 24218583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309576110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the type I keratin 16 (Krt16) and its partner type II keratin 6 (Krt6a, Krt6b) cause pachyonychia congenita (PC), a disorder typified by dystrophic nails, painful hyperkeratotic calluses in glabrous skin, and lesions involving other epithelial appendages. The pathophysiology of these symptoms and its relationship to settings in which Krt16 and Krt6 are induced in response to epidermal barrier stress are poorly understood. We report that hyperkeratotic calluses arising in the glabrous skin of individuals with PC and Krt16 null mice share a gene expression signature enriched in genes involved in inflammation and innate immunity, in particular damage-associated molecular patterns. Transcriptional hyper-activation of damage-associated molecular pattern genes occurs following de novo chemical or mechanical irritation to ear skin and in spontaneously arising skin lesions in Krt16 null mice. Genome-wide expression analysis of normal mouse tail skin and benign proliferative lesions reveals a tight, context-dependent coregulation of Krt16 and Krt6 with genes involved in skin barrier maintenance and innate immunity. Our results uncover a role for Krt16 in regulating epithelial inflammation that is relevant to genodermatoses, psoriasis, and cancer and suggest a avenue for the therapeutic management of PC and related disorders.
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Srivastava R, Sengupta A, Mukherjee S, Chatterjee S, Sudarshan M, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharya S, Chattopadhyay A. In Vivo Effect of Arsenic Trioxide on Keap1-p62-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Mouse Liver: Expression of Antioxidant Responsive Element-Driven Genes Related to Glutathione Metabolism. ISRN HEPATOLOGY 2013; 2013:817693. [PMID: 27335833 PMCID: PMC4890898 DOI: 10.1155/2013/817693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a Group I human carcinogen, and chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water is a major threat to human population. Liver is one of the major organs for the detoxification of arsenic. The present study was carried out in mice in vivo after arsenic treatment through drinking water at different doses and time of exposure. Arsenic toxicity is found to be mediated by reactive oxygen species. Nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 (Nrf2)/Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)/ARE (antioxidant response element)-driven target gene system protects cells against oxidative stress and maintains cellular oxidative homeostasis. Our result showed 0.4 ppm, 2 ppm, and 4 ppm arsenic trioxide treatment through drinking water for 30 days and 90 days induced damages in the liver of Swiss albino mice as evidenced by histopathology, disturbances in liver function, induction of heat shock protein 70, modulation of trace elements, alteration in reduced glutathione level, glutathione-s-transferase and catalase activity, malondialdehyde production, and induction of apoptosis. Cellular Nrf2 protein level and mRNA level increased in all treatment groups. Keap1 protein as well as mRNA level decreased concomitantly in arsenic treated mice. Our study clearly indicates the important role of Nrf2 in activating ARE driven genes related to GSH metabolic pathway and also the adaptive response mechanisms in arsenic induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Srivastava
- Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Archya Sengupta
- Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Sarmishtha Chatterjee
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Muthammal Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098, India
| | - Shelley Bhattacharya
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
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Li B, Li X, Zhu B, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang H, Hou Y, Zheng Q, Sun G. Sodium arsenite induced reactive oxygen species generation, nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 activation, heme oxygenase-1 expression, and glutathione elevation in Chang human hepatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:401-410. [PMID: 21809430 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver is one of the major target organs of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. Nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, regulating critically cellular defense responses against the toxic metallic arsenic in many cell types and tissues. This study was conducted to evaluate the hepato-cellular Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated antioxidant reactions of sodium arsenite exposure in Chang human hepatocytes. Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein levels were detected by Western blot, and Nrf2-regulated HO-1 mRNA expressions were determined using semiquantitative RT-PCR by 0∼50 μmol/L of sodium arsenite exposure for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. We also observed the changes of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total cellular glutathione (GSH) by flow cytometry and spectrophotometry, respectively. Our results showed that intracellular ROS were both dose- and time-dependent induced by inorganic arsenic; Cellular Nrf2 protein levels increased rapidly after 2 h of exposure, elevated significantly at 6 h, and reached the maximum at 12 h. The endogenous Nrf2-regulated downstream HO-1 mRNA and protein were also induced dramatically and lasted for as long as 24 h. In addition, intracellular GSH levels elevated in consistent with Nrf2 activation. Our findings here suggest that inorganic arsenic alters cellular redox balance in hepatocytes to trigger Nrf2-regulated antioxidant responses promptly, which may represent an adaptive cell defense mechanism against inorganic arsenic induced liver injuries and hepatoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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22
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Endo H, Niioka M, Kobayashi N, Tanaka M, Watanabe T. Butyrate-producing probiotics reduce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in rats: new insight into the probiotics for the gut-liver axis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63388. [PMID: 23696823 PMCID: PMC3656030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The gut-derived endotoxin plays an essential role in the pathophysiological development and progression of NAFLD. By using rat models of choline-deficient/L-amino acid-defined (CDAA)-diet-induced NAFLD, we examined whether MIYAIRI 588–a butyrate-producing probiotic – prevents the progression of pathophysiological changes from steatosis to hepatocarcinogenesis. In vivo experiments showed that treatment with MIYAIRI 588 reduced CDAA-diet-induced hepatic lipid deposition and significantly improved the triglyceride content, insulin resistance, serum endotoxin levels, and hepatic inflammatory indexes. We also found that MIYAIRI 588 substantially increased the activation of hepatic adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AKT and the expression of lipogenesis- or lipolysis-related proteins. MIYAIRI 588 also improved CDAA-diet-induced delocalization and substantially decreased the expression of the tight-junction proteins intestinal zonula occluden-1 and occludin in CDAA-diet-fed rats. Further, the MIYAIRI 588-treated rats also showed remarkable induction of nuclear factor erythoid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its targeted antioxidative enzymes, which suppressed hepatic oxidative stress. In vitro studies revealed that treatment with sodium butyrate (NaB) also activated AMPK and AKT and enhanced Nrf2 expression by precluding ubiquitination, thereby increasing the half-life of the Nrf2 protein. Pharmacological studies and siRNA knockdown experiments showed that NaB-mediated AMPK activation induced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Sirtuin 1, leading to the increased assembly of mammalian TOR complex 2 and phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473 and subsequent induction of Nrf2 expression and activation. These favorable changes caused an obvious decrease in hepatic fibrous deposition, GST-P-positive foci development, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Our data clearly established that the probiotic MIYAIRI 588 has beneficial effects in the prevention of NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- * E-mail: (HE); (TW)
| | - Maki Niioka
- Teaching and Research Support Center, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Research Laboratory, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tetsu Watanabe
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- * E-mail: (HE); (TW)
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Arsenic inhibits autophagic flux, activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in a p62-dependent manner. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2436-46. [PMID: 23589329 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01748-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway is a protective mechanism promoting cell survival. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway by natural compounds has been proven to be an effective strategy for chemoprevention. Interestingly, a cancer-promoting function of Nrf2 has recently been observed in many types of tumors due to deregulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 axis, which leads to constitutive activation of Nrf2. Here, we report a novel mechanism of Nrf2 activation by arsenic that is distinct from that of chemopreventive compounds. Arsenic deregulates the autophagic pathway through blockage of autophagic flux, resulting in accumulation of autophagosomes and sequestration of p62, Keap1, and LC3. Thus, arsenic activates Nrf2 through a noncanonical mechanism (p62 dependent), leading to a chronic, sustained activation of Nrf2. In contrast, activation of Nrf2 by sulforaphane (SF) and tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) depends upon Keap1-C151 and not p62 (the canonical mechanism). More importantly, SF and tBHQ do not have any effect on autophagy. In fact, SF and tBHQ alleviate arsenic-mediated deregulation of autophagy. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that arsenic causes prolonged activation of Nrf2 through autophagy dysfunction, possibly providing a scenario similar to that of constitutive activation of Nrf2 found in certain human cancers. This may represent a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity in humans.
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Singla A, Moons DS, Snider NT, Wagenmaker ER, Jayasundera VB, Omary MB. Oxidative stress, Nrf2 and keratin up-regulation associate with Mallory-Denk body formation in mouse erythropoietic protoporphyria. Hepatology 2012; 56:322-31. [PMID: 22334478 PMCID: PMC3389581 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) are hepatocyte inclusions commonly seen in steatohepatitis. They are induced in mice by feeding 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) for 12 weeks, which also causes porphyrin accumulation. Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is caused by mutations in ferrochelatase (fch), and a fraction of EPP patients develop liver disease that is phenocopied in Fech(m1Pas) mutant (fch/fch) mice, which have an inactivating fch mutation. fch/fch mice develop spontaneous MDBs, but the molecular factors involved in their formation and whether they relate to DDC-induced MDBs are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that fch mutation creates a molecular milieu that mimics experimental drug-induced MDBs. In 13- and 20-week-old fch/fch mice, serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and bile acids were increased. The 13-week-old fch/fch mice did not develop histologically evident MDBs but manifested biochemical alterations required for MDB formation, including increased transglutaminase-2 and keratin overexpression, with a greater keratin 8 (K8)-to-keratin 18 (K18) ratio, which are critical for drug-induced MDB formation. In 20-week-old fch/fch mice, spontaneous MDBs were readily detected histologically and biochemically. Short-term (3-week) DDC feeding markedly induced MDB formation in 20-week-old fch/fch mice. Under basal conditions, old fch/fch mice had significant alterations in mitochondrial oxidative-stress markers, including increased protein oxidation, decreased proteasomal activity, reduced adenosine triphosphate content, and Nrf2 (redox sensitive transcription factor) up-regulation. Nrf2 knockdown in HepG2 cells down-regulated K8, but not K18. CONCLUSION Fch/fch mice develop age-associated spontaneous MDBs, with a marked propensity for rapid MDB formation upon exposure to DDC, and therefore provide a genetic model for MDB formation. Inclusion formation in the fch/fch mice involves oxidative stress which, together with Nrf2-mediated increase in K8, promotes MDB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amika Singla
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622
| | - David S. Moons
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622
| | - Natasha T. Snider
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622
| | - Elizabeth R. Wagenmaker
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622
| | - V. Bernadene Jayasundera
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622,Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Bishr Omary, University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 7744 Medical Science Building II, 1137 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Phone: 734-764-4376, Fax: 734-936-8813,
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Hatic H, Kane MJ, Saykally JN, Citron BA. Modulation of transcription factor Nrf2 in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:1188-96. [PMID: 22201269 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) afflicts approximately 1.4 million people in the United States and TBIs have been labeled a major cause of death and disability on a global scale. Regulatory responses in a variety of neuronal loss conditions have supported the protective involvement of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor. Nrf2 regulates antioxidant enzyme genes, and an increase in Nrf2 expression may counteract oxidative damage that results from TBI. Elevated Nrf2 may ultimately act through the upregulation of downstream target genes such as thioredoxin (Trx) and heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70) and this may reduce neuronal loss. We performed multiple mild biaxial stretch injuries to neuroblastoma cells in culture, and examined the effects of the Nrf2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ). We also compared the stretch injury to oxidative insult. We confirmed that Trx and HSP70 were upregulated by treatment with tBHQ. We observed that tBHQ protected neurons from either insult, and that this was evident by different measures of cell viability and a decrease in annexin V binding. Neuronal health after insult was improved approximately 50% by tBHQ, indicating that neurons exposed to TBI in vitro can be protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Hatic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research and Development 151, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, Florida 33744-4125, USA
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Endo H, Niioka M, Sugioka Y, Itoh J, Kameyama K, Okazaki I, Ala-Aho R, Kähäri VM, Watanabe T. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 promotes recovery from experimental liver cirrhosis in rats. Pathobiology 2011; 78:239-52. [PMID: 21849805 DOI: 10.1159/000328841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 gene expression in the early phase of recovery from liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced in male Wistar rats by administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) for 10 weeks. Recombinant adenovirus-mediated human MMP-13 gene transfer (RAdMMP-13) was performed via the femoral vein on day 3 after the last CCl(4) injection. The role of MMP-13 in stably expressing cell lines was also analyzed. RESULTS Fibrous deposition in the liver was decreased in RAdMMP-13-injected rats by day 3 after gene transfer compared with empty vector RAd66-injected rats. Furthermore, MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymatic activity was markedly enhanced in the liver of RAdMMP-13 injected rats. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induction was also increased in RAdMMP-13 injected rats. In established stable HT-1080 cells transfected with MMP-13, HGF-α expression and MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymatic activity were increased. The conversion of precursor HGF into mature HGF was also increased in the MMP-13 expressing cell lines. CONCLUSION Forced MMP-13 expression effectively accelerated recovery from liver cirrhosis via the effects of MMP-13-mediated HGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression, which induced the degradation of collagen fibers and promoted hepatic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Statins Downregulate K6a Promoter Activity: A Possible Therapeutic Avenue for Pachyonychia Congenita. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1045-52. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kerns M, DePianto D, Yamamoto M, Coulombe PA. Differential modulation of keratin expression by sulforaphane occurs via Nrf2-dependent and -independent pathways in skin epithelia. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:4068-75. [PMID: 20926689 PMCID: PMC2993737 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-02-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with the natural chemical sulforaphane (SF) ameliorates skin blistering in keratin 14 (K14)-deficient mice, correlating with the induction of K16 and K17 in the basal layer of epidermis (Kerns et al., PNAS 104:14460, 2007). Here we address the basis for the SF-mediated K16 and K17 induction in mouse epidermis in vivo. As expected, induction of K16 partly depends on the transcription factor Nrf2, which is activated by SF exposure. Strikingly, K17 induction occurs independently of Nrf2 activity and parallels the decrease in glutathione occurring shortly after epidermal exposure to SF. Pharmacological manipulation of glutathione levels in mouse epidermis in vivo alters K17 and K16 expression in the expected manner. We present findings suggesting that select MAP kinases participate in mediating the Nrf2- and glutathione-dependent alterations in K16 and K17 levels in SF-treated epidermis. These findings advance our understanding of the effect of SF on gene expression in epidermis, point to a role for glutathione in mediating some of these effects, and establish that SF induces the expression of two contiguous and highly related genes, K16 and K17, via distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kerns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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