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Fang L, Kong F, Ou K, Hong L, Wang C, Tong X. Induction of insulin resistance in female mice due to prolonged phenanthrene exposure: Unveiling the low-dose effect and potential mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119597. [PMID: 39002631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe) is a commonly occurring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) found in various food sources and drinking water. Previous studies have shown that long-term exposure to Phe in male mice leads to insulin resistance in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of Phe on glucose homeostasis in female mice remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, female Kunming mice were exposed to Phe through their drinking water at concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, and 5 ng/mL. After 270 d of exposure, we surprisingly discovered a low-dose effect of Phe on insulin resistance in female mice, which differed from the effect observed in male mice and showed sexual dimorphism. Specifically, insulin resistance was only observed in the 0.05 ng/mL treatment, and this low-dose effect was also reflected in the concentration of Phe in white adipose tissue (WAT). Differences in metabolic enzyme activities in the liver may potentially explain this effect. The observed sexual dimorphism in Phe exposure could be attributed to variations in estrogen (E2) level and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression in WAT. These findings highlight the association between environmental factors and the development of insulin resistance, emphasizing the pathogenic effect of even low doses of Phe. Moreover, sex dependent-effect should be given more attention when studying the toxic effects of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Feifei Kong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Luning Hong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Majumdar A, Upadhyay MK, Ojha M, Biswas R, Dey S, Sarkar S, Moulick D, Niazi NK, Rinklebe J, Huang JH, Roychowdhury T. A critical review on the organo-metal(loid)s pollution in the environment: Distribution, remediation and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175531. [PMID: 39147056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Toxic metal(loid)s, e.g., mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium are known for several environmental disturbances creating toxicity to humans if accumulated in high quantities. Although not discussed critically, the organo-forms of these inorganic metal(loid)s are considered a greater risk to humans than their elemental forms possibly due to physico-chemical modulation triggering redox alterations or by the involvement of biological metabolism. This extensive review describes the chemical and physical causes of organometals and organometal(loid)s distribution in the environment with ecotoxicity assessment and potential remediation strategies. Organo forms of various metal(loid)s, such as mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and cadmium (Cd) have been discussed in the context of their ecotoxicity. In addition, we elaborated on the transformation, speciation and transformation pathways of these toxic metal(loid)s in soil-water-plant-microbial systems. The present review has pointed out the status of toxic organometal(loid)s, which is required to make the scientific community aware of this pressing condition of organometal(loid)s distribution in the environment. The gradual disposal and piling of organometal(loid)s in the environment demand a thorough revision of the past-present status with possible remediation strategies prescribed as reflected in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Munish Kumar Upadhyay
- Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Megha Ojha
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pashan, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Rakesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Saikat Dey
- Division of Agronomy, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Division of Agronomy, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India
| | - Debojyoti Moulick
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jen-How Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Pascuali N, Pu Y, Waye AA, Pearl S, Martin D, Sutton A, Shikanov A, Veiga-Lopez A. Evaluation of Lipids and Lipid-Related Transcripts in Human and Ovine Theca Cells and an in Vitro Mouse Model Exposed to the Obesogen Chemical Tributyltin. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:47009. [PMID: 38630605 PMCID: PMC11023052 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to obesogenic chemicals has been reported to result in enhanced adipogenesis, higher adipose tissue accumulation, and reduced ovarian hormonal synthesis and follicular function. We have reported that organotins [tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT)] dysregulate cholesterol trafficking in ovarian theca cells, but, whether organotins also exert lipogenic effects on ovarian cells remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE We investigated if environmentally relevant exposures to organotins [TBT, TPT, or dibutyltin (DBT)] induce lipid dysregulation in ovarian theca cells and the role of the liver X receptor (LXR) in this effect. We also tested the effect of TBT on oocyte maturation and neutral lipid accumulation, and lipid-related transcript expression in cumulus cells and preimplantation embryos. METHODS Primary theca cell cultures derived from human and ovine ovaries were exposed to TBT, TPT, or DBT (1, 10, or 50 ng / ml ). The effect of these chemical exposures on neutral lipid accumulation, lipid abundance and composition, lipid homeostasis-related gene expression, and cytokine secretion was evaluated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), inhibitor-based methods, cytokine secretion, and lipid ontology analyses. We also exposed murine cumulus-oocyte complexes to TBT and evaluated oocyte maturation, embryo development, and lipid homeostasis-related mRNA expression in cumulus cells and blastocysts. RESULTS Exposure to TBT resulted in higher intracellular neutral lipids in human and ovine primary theca cells. In ovine theca cells, this effect was dose-dependent, independent of cell stage, and partially mediated by LXR. DBT and TPT resulted in higher intracellular neutral lipids but to a lesser extent in comparison with TBT. More than 140 lipids and 9 cytokines were dysregulated in TBT-exposed human theca cells. Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid synthesis were higher in theca cells, as well as in cumulus cells and blastocysts exposed to TBT. However, TBT did not impact the rates of oocyte maturation or blastocyst development. DISCUSSION TBT induced dyslipidemia in primary human and ovine theca cells, which may be responsible for some of the TBT-induced fertility dysregulations reported in rodent models of TBT exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13955.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pascuali
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anita A. Waye
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Pearl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Denny Martin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison Sutton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Heindel JJ, Lustig RH, Howard S, Corkey BE. Obesogens: a unifying theory for the global rise in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:449-460. [PMID: 38212644 PMCID: PMC10978495 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite varied treatment, mitigation, and prevention efforts, the global prevalence and severity of obesity continue to worsen. Here we propose a combined model of obesity, a unifying paradigm that links four general models: the energy balance model (EBM), based on calories as the driver of weight gain; the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), based on insulin as a driver of energy storage; the oxidation-reduction model (REDOX), based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a driver of altered metabolic signaling; and the obesogens model (OBS), which proposes that environmental chemicals interfere with hormonal signaling leading to adiposity. We propose a combined OBS/REDOX model in which environmental chemicals (in air, food, food packaging, and household products) generate false autocrine and endocrine metabolic signals, including ROS, that subvert standard regulatory energy mechanisms, increase basal and stimulated insulin secretion, disrupt energy efficiency, and influence appetite and energy expenditure leading to weight gain. This combined model incorporates the data supporting the EBM and CIM models, thus creating one integrated model that covers significant aspects of all the mechanisms potentially contributing to the obesity pandemic. Importantly, the OBS/REDOX model provides a rationale and approach for future preventative efforts based on environmental chemical exposure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS), Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA.
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS), Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Ou K, Zhang Q, Xi F, Ni H, Lu J, Lyu X, Wang C, Li Q, Wang Q. Prenatal EGCG consumption impacts hepatic glycogen synthesis and lipid metabolism in adult mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129491. [PMID: 38228202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of prenatal exposure to Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the liver of adult offspring mice was investigated. While EGCG is known for its health benefits, its effects of prenatal exposure on the liver remain unclear. Pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to 1 mg/kg of EGCG for 16 days to assess hepatotoxicity effects of adult offspring. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were employed to elucidate the hepatotoxicity mechanisms. The findings revealed that prenatal EGCG exposure led to a decrease in liver somatic index, enhanced inflammatory responses and disrupted liver function through increased glycogen accumulation in adult mice. The integrated omics analysis revealed significant alterations in key pathways involved in liver glucose lipid metabolism, such as gluconeogenesis, dysregulation of insulin signaling, and induction of liver inflammation. Furthermore, the study found a negative correlation between the promoter methylation levels of Ppara and their mRNA levels, suggesting that EGCG could reduce hepatic lipid content through epigenetic modifications. The findings suggest that prenatal EGCG exposure can have detrimental impacts on the liver among adult individuals and emphasize the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the potential risks associated with EGCG consumption during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Quan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Feifei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Huizhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Jiebo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Xuejing Lyu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
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Blumberg B, Cheng-An Chang R, Egusquiza R, Amato A, Li Z, Joloya E, Wheeler H, Nguyen A, Shioda K, Odajima J, Lawrence M, Shioda T. Heritable changes in chromatin contacts linked to transgenerational obesity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3570919. [PMID: 38077066 PMCID: PMC10705594 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3570919/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Burgeoning evidence demonstrates that effects of environmental exposures can be transmitted to subsequent generations through the germline without DNA mutations1,2. This phenomenon remains controversial because underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Therefore, understanding how effects of environmental exposures are transmitted to unexposed generations without DNA mutations is a fundamental unanswered question in biology. Here, we used an established murine model of male-specific transgenerational obesity to show that exposure to the obesogen tributyltin (TBT) elicited heritable changes in chromatin interactions (CIs) in primordial germ cells (PGCs). New CIs were formed within the Ide gene encoding Insulin Degrading Enzyme in the directly exposed PGCs, then stably maintained in PGCs of the subsequent (unexposed) two generations. Concomitantly, Ide mRNA expression was decreased in livers of male descendants from the exposed dams. These males were hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic, phenocopying Ide-deficient mice that are predisposed to adult-onset, diet-induced obesity. Creation of new CIs in PGCs, suppression of hepatic Ide mRNA, increased fat mass, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia were male-specific. Our results provide a plausible molecular mechanism underlying transmission of the transgenerational predisposition to obesity caused by gestational exposure to an environmental obesogen. They also provide an entry point for future studies aimed at understanding how environmental exposures alter chromatin structure to influence physiology across multiple generations in mammals.
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Lin L, Jung KM, Lee HL, Le J, Colleluori G, Wood C, Palese F, Squire E, Ramirez J, Su S, Torrens A, Fotio Y, Tang L, Yu C, Yang Q, Huang L, DiPatrizio N, Jang C, Cinti S, Piomelli D. Adolescent exposure to low-dose THC disrupts energy balance and adipose organ homeostasis in adulthood. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1227-1241.e7. [PMID: 37267956 PMCID: PMC10524841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of cannabis' most iconic effects is the stimulation of hedonic high-calorie eating-the "munchies"-yet habitual cannabis users are, on average, leaner than non-users. We asked whether this phenotype might result from lasting changes in energy balance established during adolescence, when use of the drug often begins. We found that daily low-dose administration of cannabis' intoxicating constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), to adolescent male mice causes an adult metabolic phenotype characterized by reduced fat mass, increased lean mass and utilization of fat as fuel, partial resistance to diet-induced obesity and dyslipidemia, enhanced thermogenesis, and impaired cold- and β-adrenergic receptor-stimulated lipolysis. Further analyses revealed that this phenotype is associated with molecular anomalies in the adipose organ, including ectopic overexpression of muscle-associated proteins and heightened anabolic processing. Thus, adolescent exposure to THC may promote an enduring "pseudo-lean" state that superficially resembles healthy leanness but might in fact be rooted in adipose organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Johnny Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 600126, Italy
| | - Courtney Wood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92697, USA
| | - Francesca Palese
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Erica Squire
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jade Ramirez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Shiqi Su
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alexa Torrens
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lingyi Tang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Clinton Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nicholas DiPatrizio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92697, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 600126, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Ticiani E, Pu Y, White M, Adomshick V, Veiga-Lopez A. Organotin mixtures reveal interactions that modulate adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1649-1658. [PMID: 37142754 PMCID: PMC10424724 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organotin chemicals (butyltins and phenyltins) are the most widely used organometallic chemicals worldwide and are used in industrial applications, such as biocides and anti-fouling paints. Tributyltin (TBT) and more recently, dibutyltin (DBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) have been reported to stimulate adipogenic differentiation. Although these chemicals co-exist in the environment, their effect in combination remains unknown. We first investigated the adipogenic effect of eight organotin chemicals (monobutyltin (MBT), DBT, TBT, tetrabutyltin (TeBT), monophenyltin (MPT), diphenyltin (DPT), TPT, and tin chloride (SnCl4)) in the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line in single exposures at two doses (10 and 50 ng/ml). Only three out of the eight organotins induced adipogenic differentiation with TBT eliciting the strongest adipogenic differentiation (in a dose-dependent manner) followed by TPT and DBT, as demonstrated by lipid accumulation and gene expression. We then hypothesized that, in combination (TBT, DBT, and TPT), adipogenic effects will be exacerbated compared to single exposures. However, at the higher dose (50 ng/ml), TBT-induced differentiation was reduced by TPT and DBT when in dual or triple combination. We tested whether TPT or DBT would interfere with adipogenic differentiation stimulated by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) agonist (rosiglitazone) or a glucocorticoid receptor agonist (dexamethasone). Both DBT50 and TPT50 reduced rosiglitazone-, but not dexamethasone-stimulated adipogenic differentiation. In conclusion, DBT and TPT interfere with TBT's adipogenic differentiation possibly via PPARγ signaling. These findings highlight the antagonistic effects among organotins and the need to understand the effects and mechanism of action of complex organotin mixtures on adipogenic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madison White
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Victoria Adomshick
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Cao Y, Chen Y, Miao K, Zhang S, Deng F, Zhu M, Wang C, Gu W, Huang Y, Shao Z, Dong X, Gong Y, Peng H, Yang H, Wan Y, Jia X, Tang S. PPARγ As a Potential Target for Adipogenesis Induced by Fine Particulate Matter in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7684-7697. [PMID: 37167023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that ambient PM2.5 exposure is closely associated with the development of obesity, and adipose tissue represents an important endocrine target for PM2.5. In this study, the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation model was employed to comprehensively explore the adipogenic potential of PM2.5. After 8 days of PM2.5 exposure, adipocyte fatty acid uptake and lipid accumulation were significantly increased, and adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was promoted in a concentration-dependent manner. Transcriptome and lipidome analyses revealed the systematic disruption of transcriptional and lipid profiling at 10 μg/mL PM2.5. Functional enrichment and visualized network analyses showed that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway and the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids were most significantly affected during adipocyte differentiation. Reporter gene assays indicated that PPARγ was activated by PM2.5, demonstrating that PM2.5 promoted adipogenesis by activating PPARγ. The increased transcriptional and protein expressions of PPARγ and downstream adipogenesis-associated markers (e.g., Fabp4 and CD36) were further cross-validated using qRT-PCR and western blot. PM2.5-induced adipogenesis, PPARγ pathway activation, and lipid remodeling were significantly attenuated by the supplementation of a PPARγ antagonist (T0070907). Overall, this study yielded mechanistic insights into PM2.5-induced adipogenesis in vitro by identifying the potential biomolecular targets for the prevention of PM2.5-induced obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiang Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke Miao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Fuchang Deng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mu Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wen Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijin Shao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hui Yang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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10
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Chang RC, Joloya EM, Li Z, Shoucri BM, Shioda T, Blumberg B. miR-223 Plays a Key Role in Obesogen-Enhanced Adipogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and in Transgenerational Obesity. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad027. [PMID: 36740725 PMCID: PMC10282922 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of pregnant F0 mouse dams to the obesogen tributyltin (TBT) predisposes unexposed male descendants to obesity and diverts mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward the adipocytic lineage. TBT promotes adipogenic commitment and differentiation of MSCs in vitro. To identify TBT-induced factors predisposing MSCs toward the adipocytic fate, we exposed mouse MSCs to TBT, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-selective agonist rosiglitazone, or the retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective agonist LG-100268. Then we determined their transcriptomal profiles to determine candidate microRNAs (miR) regulating adipogenic commitment and differentiation. Of the top 10 candidate microRNAs predicted by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, miR-21, miR-33, and miR-223 were expressed consistent with an ability to differentially regulate target genes during adipogenesis. We found that 24-hour exposure to 50nM TBT caused miR-223 levels in MSCs to increase; expression of its target genes ZEB1, NFIB, and FOXP1 was decreased. Rosiglitazone and TBT increased miR-223 levels. This induction was inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 but not by the RXR antagonists HX531 or UVI3003, placing miR-223 downstream of PPARγ. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed TBT-induced binding of PPARγ to regulatory elements in the miR-223 promoter. miR-223 levels were elevated in white adipose tissue of F2 and F3 male descendants of pregnant F0 mouse dams exposed to 50nM TBT throughout gestation. miR-223 levels were potentiated in males fed an increased fat diet. We infer that TBT induced miR-223 expression and increased adipogenesis in MSCs through the PPARγ pathway and that transgenerationally increased expression of miR-223 plays an important role in the development of obesity caused by TBT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Chang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Erika M Joloya
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Bassem M Shoucri
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
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11
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Xie S, Choudhari S, Wu CL, Abramson K, Corcoran D, Gregory SG, Thimmapuram J, Guilak F, Little D. Aging and obesity prime the methylome and transcriptome of adipose stem cells for disease and dysfunction. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22785. [PMID: 36794668 PMCID: PMC10561192 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201413r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome of stem cells occupies a critical interface between genes and environment, serving to regulate expression through modification by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We hypothesized that aging and obesity, which represent major risk factors for a variety of diseases, synergistically modify the epigenome of adult adipose stem cells (ASCs). Using integrated RNA- and targeted bisulfite-sequencing in murine ASCs from lean and obese mice at 5- and 12-months of age, we identified global DNA hypomethylation with either aging or obesity, and a synergistic effect of aging combined with obesity. The transcriptome of ASCs in lean mice was relatively stable to the effects of age, but this was not true in obese mice. Functional pathway analyses identified a subset of genes with critical roles in progenitors and in diseases of obesity and aging. Specifically, Mapt, Nr3c2, App, and Ctnnb1 emerged as potential hypomethylated upstream regulators in both aging and obesity (AL vs. YL and AO vs. YO), and App, Ctnnb1, Hipk2, Id2, and Tp53 exhibited additional effects of aging in obese animals. Furthermore, Foxo3 and Ccnd1 were potential hypermethylated upstream regulators of healthy aging (AL vs. YL), and of the effects of obesity in young animals (YO vs. YL), suggesting that these factors could play a role in accelerated aging with obesity. Finally, we identified candidate driver genes that appeared recurrently in all analyses and comparisons undertaken. Further mechanistic studies are needed to validate the roles of these genes capable of priming ASCs for dysfunction in aging- and obesity-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Xie
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, 1022 Young Hall, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Sulbha Choudhari
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, 1022 Young Hall, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Bioinformatics and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 2170
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14611
| | - Karen Abramson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701
| | - David Corcoran
- Genomic Analysis and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, 101 Science Drive, Duke University Medical Center Box 3382, Durham, NC 27708
- Lineberger Bioinformatics Core, 5200 Marsico Hall, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
| | - Simon G. Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, 311 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jyothi Thimmapuram
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, 1022 Young Hall, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 4515 McKinley Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave, St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Dianne Little
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 2186 Lynn Hall, 625 Harrison St, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026
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12
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Chang RC, Thangavelu CS, Joloya EM, Kuo A, Li Z, Blumberg B. Cannabidiol Promotes Adipogenesis of Human and Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells via PPARγ by Inducing Lipogenesis but Not Lipolysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Tan H, Chen Q, Hong H, Benfenati E, Gini GC, Zhang X, Yu H, Shi W. Structures of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Correlate with the Activation of 12 Classic Nuclear Receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16552-16562. [PMID: 34859678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can inadvertently interact with 12 classic nuclear receptors (NRs) that disrupt the endocrine system and cause adverse effects. There is no widely accepted understanding about what structural features make thousands of EDCs able to activate different NRs as well as how these structural features exert their functions and induce different outcomes at the cellular level. This paper applies the hierarchical characteristic fragment methodology and high-throughput screening molecular docking to comprehensively explore the structural and functional features of EDCs for the 12 NRs based on more than 7000 chemicals from curated datasets. EDCs share three levels of key fragments. The primary and secondary fragments are associated with the binding of EDCs to four groups of receptors: steroidal nuclear receptors (SNRs, including androgen, estrogen, glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and progesterone), retinoic acid receptors, thyroid hormone receptors, and vitamin D receptors. The tertiary fragments determine the activity type by interacting with two key locations in the ligand-binding domains of NRs (N-H5-H3-C and N-H7-H11-C for SNRs and N-H5-H5'-H2'-H3-C and N-H6'-H11-C for non-SNRs). The resulting compiled structural fragments of EDCs together with elucidated compound NR binding modes provide a framework for understanding the interactions between EDCs and NRs, facilitating faster and more accurate screening of EDCs for multiple NRs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qinchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road., Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina C Gini
- Department of Electronics and Information, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
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15
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Al-Sayegh M, Ali H, Jamal MH, ElGindi M, Chanyong T, Al-Awadi K, Abu-Farha M. Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Adipogenic Potential: A Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis. Adipocyte 2021; 10:1-20. [PMID: 33345692 PMCID: PMC7757854 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1859789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of adipose tissue has progressed from an inert tissue for energy storage to be one of the largest endocrine organs regulating metabolic homoeostasis through its ability to synthesize and release various adipokines that regulate a myriad of pathways. The field of adipose tissue biology is growing due to this association with various chronic metabolic diseases. An important process in the regulation of adipose tissue biology is adipogenesis, which is the formation of new adipocytes. Investigating adipogenesis in vitro is currently a focus for identifying factors that might be utilized in clinically. A powerful tool for such work is high-throughput sequencing which can rapidly identify changes at gene expression level. Various cell models exist for studying adipogenesis and has been used in high-throughput studies, yet little is known about transcriptome profile that underlies adipogenesis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This study utilizes RNA-sequencing and computational analysis with DESeq2, gene ontology, protein–protein networks, and robust rank analysis to understand adipogenesis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts in-depth. Our analyses confirmed the requirement of mitotic clonal expansion prior to adipogenesis in this cell model and highlight the role of Cebpa and Cebpb in regulating adipogenesis through interactions of large numbers of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Division of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center (HSC), Kuwait University, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
| | - Mohammad H Jamal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center (HSC), Kuwait University, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
| | - Mei ElGindi
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Division of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tina Chanyong
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Division of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khulood Al-Awadi
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Design Studio, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
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16
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Chamorro-García R, Poupin N, Tremblay-Franco M, Canlet C, Egusquiza R, Gautier R, Jouanin I, Shoucri BM, Blumberg B, Zalko D. Transgenerational metabolomic fingerprints in mice ancestrally exposed to the obesogen TBT. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106822. [PMID: 34455191 PMCID: PMC8919592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to the etiology of metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic dysfunction. Concern is growing about the consequences of perinatal EDC exposure on disease predisposition later in life. Metabolomics are promising approaches for studying long-term consequences of early life EDC exposure. These approaches allow for the identification and characterization of biomarkers of direct or ancestral exposures that could be diagnostic for individual susceptibility to disease and help to understand mechanisms through which EDCs act. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify metabolomic fingerprints in mice ancestrally exposed to the model obesogen tributyltin (TBT), to assess whether metabolomics could discriminate potential trans-generational susceptibility to obesity and recognize metabolic pathways modulated by ancestral TBT exposure. METHODS We used non-targeted 1H NMR metabolomic analyses of plasma and liver samples collected from male and female mice ancestrally exposed to TBT in two independent transgenerational experiments in which F3 and F4 males became obese when challenged with increased dietary fat. RESULTS Metabolomics confirmed transgenerational obesogenic effects of environmentally relevant doses of TBT in F3 and F4 males, in two independent studies. Although females never became obese, their specific metabolomic fingerprint evidenced distinct transgenerational effects of TBT in female mice consistent with impaired capacity for liver biotransformation. DISCUSSION This study is the first application of metabolomics to unveil the transgenerational effects of EDC exposure. Very early, significant changes in the plasma metabolome were observed in animals ancestrally exposed to TBT. These changes preceded the onset of obesogenic effects elicited by increased dietary fat in the TBT groups, and which ultimately resulted in significant changes in the liver metabolome. Development of metabolomic fingerprints could facilitate the identification of individuals carrying the signature of ancestral obesogen exposure that might increase their susceptibility to other risk factor such as increased dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-García
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine 92697-2300, USA
| | - Nathalie Poupin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Riann Egusquiza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Roselyne Gautier
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Bassem M Shoucri
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine 92697-2300, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine 92697-2300, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA.
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
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17
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Zhang S, Ou K, Huang J, Fang L, Wang C, Wang Q. Prenatal EGCG exposure-induced heart mass reduction in adult male mice and underlying mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112588. [PMID: 34600025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is a major polyphenol in tea, has an unclear effect on cardiac development. In the present study, mice (C57BL/6) were exposed in utero to EGCG dissolved in drinking water (3 μg/ml) for 16 days. A significant decrease in the heart/body weight ratio was observed in adult males but not in adult females. The protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and its downstream transcription factors SMAD3 and SMAD4 were significantly decreased in male hearts. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, the expression of proapoptotic proteins, such as BAX, Cleaved Caspase3 and Cleaved Caspase9, was elevated, and the level of antiapoptotic proteins, such as BCL-2, was decreased. A reduced heart/body weight ratio may be associated with the loss of cardiac fibers and an increase in myocardial apoptosis. The cardiac levels of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor and androgen receptor were elevated only in males, which may explain the sexual dimorphism in the effects. The promoter methylation levels of pik3r1, tgf-β, smad4 were elevated, and those of ahr were reduced, explaining the mechanism underlying the cardiac histological alteration caused by prenatal exposure to EGCG. The results suggest that ingestion of EGCG during pregnancy may be a risk factor for cardiac development in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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18
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Chamorro-Garcia R, Veiga-Lopez A. The new kids on the block: Emerging obesogens. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:457-484. [PMID: 34452694 PMCID: PMC8941623 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current obesity epidemic is calling for action in the determination of contributing factors. Although social and life-style factors have been traditionally associated with metabolic disruption, a subset of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), called obesogens are garnering increasing attention for their ability to promote adipose tissue differentiation and accumulation. For some chemicals, such as tributyltin, there is conclusive evidence regarding their ability to promote adipogenesis and their mechanism of action. In recent years, the list of chemicals that exert obesogenic potential is increasing. In this chapter, we review current knowledge of the most recent developments in the field of emerging obesogens with a specific focus on food additives, surfactants, and sunscreens, for which the mechanism of action remains unclear. We also review new evidence relative to the obesogenic potential of environmentally relevant chemical mixtures and point to potential therapeutic approaches to minimize the detrimental effects of obesogens. We conclude by discussing the available tools to investigate new obesogenic chemicals, strategies to maximize reproducibility in adipogenic studies, and future directions that will help propel the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The ChicAgo Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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19
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Wang Z, Chen J, Hong H. Developing QSAR Models with Defined Applicability Domains on PPARγ Binding Affinity Using Large Data Sets and Machine Learning Algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6857-6866. [PMID: 33914508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals may cause adverse effects on human health through binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Hence, binding affinity is useful for evaluating chemicals with potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) regression models with defined applicability domains (ADs) are important to enable efficient screening of chemicals with PPARγ binding activity. However, lack of large data sets hindered the development of QSAR models. In this study, based on PPARγ binding affinity data sets curated from various sources, 30 QSAR models were developed using molecular fingerprints, two-dimensional descriptors, and five machine learning algorithms. Structure-activity landscapes (SALs) of the training compounds were described by network-like similarity graphs (NSGs). Based on the NSGs, local discontinuity scores were calculated and found to be positively correlated with the cross-validation absolute prediction errors of the models using the different training sets, descriptors, and algorithms. Moreover, innovative ADs were defined based on pairwise similarities between compounds and were found to outperform some conventional ADs. The curated data sets and developed regression models could be useful for evaluating PPARγ-involved adverse effects of chemicals. The SAL analysis and the innovative ADs could facilitate understanding of prediction results from QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
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20
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Amato AA, Wheeler HB, Blumberg B. Obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R87-R105. [PMID: 33449914 PMCID: PMC7983487 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is now a worldwide pandemic. The usual explanation given for the prevalence of obesity is that it results from consumption of a calorie dense diet coupled with physical inactivity. However, this model inadequately explains rising obesity in adults and in children over the past few decades, indicating that other factors must be important contributors. An endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) is an exogenous chemical, or mixture that interferes with any aspect of hormone action. EDCs have become pervasive in our environment, allowing humans to be exposed daily through ingestion, inhalation, and direct dermal contact. Exposure to EDCs has been causally linked with obesity in model organisms and associated with obesity occurrence in humans. Obesogens promote adipogenesis and obesity, in vivo, by a variety of mechanisms. The environmental obesogen model holds that exposure to obesogens elicits a predisposition to obesity and that such exposures may be an important yet overlooked factor in the obesity pandemic. Effects produced by EDCs and obesogen exposure may be passed to subsequent, unexposed generations. This "generational toxicology" is not currently factored into risk assessment by regulators but may be another important factor in the obesity pandemic as well as in the worldwide increases in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases that plague populations everywhere. This review addresses the current evidence on how obesogens affect body mass, discusses long-known chemicals that have been more recently identified as obesogens, and how the accumulated knowledge can help identify EDCs hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Amorim Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hailey Brit Wheeler
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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21
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Mohajer N, Du CY, Checkcinco C, Blumberg B. Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780888. [PMID: 34899613 PMCID: PMC8655100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body's endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, in vivo. Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mohajer
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chrislyn Y. Du
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christian Checkcinco
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg,
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22
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Lizcano F, Arroyave F. Control of Adipose Cell Browning and Its Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110471. [PMID: 33227979 PMCID: PMC7699191 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ in humans and has an important influence on many physiological processes throughout life. An increasing number of studies have described the different phenotypic characteristics of fat cells in adults. Perhaps one of the most important properties of fat cells is their ability to adapt to different environmental and nutritional conditions. Hypothalamic neural circuits receive peripheral signals from temperature, physical activity or nutrients and stimulate the metabolism of white fat cells. During this process, changes in lipid inclusion occur, and the number of mitochondria increases, giving these cells functional properties similar to those of brown fat cells. Recently, beige fat cells have been studied for their potential role in the regulation of obesity and insulin resistance. In this context, it is important to understand the embryonic origin of beige adipocytes, the response of adipocyte to environmental changes or modifications within the body and their ability to transdifferentiate to elucidate the roles of these cells for their potential use in therapeutic strategies for obesity and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the origins of the different fat cells and the possible therapeutic properties of beige fat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Investigation, (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, 250008 Chia, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Felipe Arroyave
- Doctoral Program in Biociencias, Universidad de La Sabana, 250008 Chia, Colombia
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23
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Jeong J, Choi J. Development of AOP relevant to microplastics based on toxicity mechanisms of chemical additives using ToxCast™ and deep learning models combined approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105557. [PMID: 32078872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Various additives are used in plastic products to improve the properties and the durability of the plastics. Their possible elution from the plastics when plastics are fragmented into micro- and nano-size in the environment is suspected to one of the major contributors to environmental and human toxicity of microplastics. In this context, to better understand the hazardous effect of microplastics, the toxicity of chemical additives was investigated. Fifty most common chemicals presented in plastics were selected as target additives. Their toxicity was systematically identified using apical and molecular toxicity databases, such as ChemIDplus and ToxCast™. Among the vast ToxCast assays, those having intended gene targets were selected for identification of the mechanism of toxicity of plastic additives. Deep learning artificial neural network models were further developed based on the ToxCast assays for the chemicals not tested in the ToxCast program. Using both the ToxCast database and deep learning models, active chemicals on each ToxCast assays were identified. Through correlation analysis between molecular targets from ToxCast and mammalian toxicity results from ChemIDplus, we identified the fifteen most relevant mechanisms of toxicity for the understanding mechanism of toxicity of plastic additives. They are neurotoxicity, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cancer pathways. Based on these, along with, previously conducted systemic review on the mechanism of toxicity of microplastics, here we have proposed potential adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) relevant to microplastics pollution. This study also suggests in vivo and in vitro toxicity database and deep learning model combined approach is appropriate to provide insight into the toxicity mechanism of the broad range of environmental chemicals, such as plastic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Egusquiza RJ, Blumberg B. Environmental Obesogens and Their Impact on Susceptibility to Obesity: New Mechanisms and Chemicals. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa024. [PMID: 32067051 PMCID: PMC7060764 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has reached an all-time high, and this increase is observed worldwide. There is a growing need to understand all the factors that contribute to obesity to effectively treat and prevent it and associated comorbidities. The obesogen hypothesis proposes that there are chemicals in our environment termed obesogens that can affect individual susceptibility to obesity and thus help explain the recent large increases in obesity. This review discusses current advances in our understanding of how obesogens act to affect health and obesity susceptibility. Newly discovered obesogens and potential obesogens are discussed, together with future directions for research that may help to reduce the impact of these pervasive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riann Jenay Egusquiza
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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25
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Warner GR, Mourikes VE, Neff AM, Brehm E, Flaws JA. Mechanisms of action of agrochemicals acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110680. [PMID: 31838026 PMCID: PMC6942667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals represent a significant class of endocrine disrupting chemicals that humans and animals around the world are exposed to constantly. Agrochemicals can act as endocrine disrupting chemicals through a variety of mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that several mechanisms of action involve the ability of agrochemicals to mimic the interaction of endogenous hormones with nuclear receptors such as estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and thyroid hormone receptors. Further, studies indicate that agrochemicals can exert toxicity through non-nuclear receptor-mediated mechanisms of action. Such non-genomic mechanisms of action include interference with peptide, steroid, or amino acid hormone response, synthesis and degradation as well as epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications). This review summarizes the major mechanisms of action by which agrochemicals target the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Vasiliki E Mourikes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Alison M Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Emily Brehm
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States.
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26
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Sun Z, Tang Z, Yang X, Liu QS, Liang Y, Fiedler H, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Perturbation of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole in adipogenesis of male mice with normal and high fat diets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135608. [PMID: 31767314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the widely used anthropogenic food additives, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3-BHA) has been found to perturb adipogenesis in vitro and induce lipid accumulation in some strains of oleaginous microalgae. The impact of this chemical on adipocyte development and lipid metabolism in mammals remains to be elucidated. In this study, we performed 18-week oral administration of 3-BHA to male C57BL/6J mice with normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) and investigated its impacts on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in vivo. The results indicated that long-term exposure to 3-BHA impacted the mouse body weight gain, white adipose tissue accumulation, and plasma lipids through transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and adipocyte endocrine function, while glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity remained unaffected. HFD-fed mice responded to 3-BHA stimulation differently from ND-fed animals, suggesting potential risks for the human burden of 3-BHA in lean and obese subjects. The findings herein validate 3-BHA as an environmental obesogen, and more caution is recommended for its authorized use as a food antioxidant against lipid rancidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Department of POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Heidelore Fiedler
- Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; UN Environment (UNEP), Chemicals Branch, CH-1219 Châtelaine (GE), Switzerland
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Wang Z, Chen J, Hong H. Applicability Domains Enhance Application of PPARγ Agonist Classifiers Trained by Drug-like Compounds to Environmental Chemicals. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1382-1388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States
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28
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Sun Z, Yang X, Liu QS, Li C, Zhou Q, Fiedler H, Liao C, Zhang J, Jiang G. Butylated hydroxyanisole isomers induce distinct adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120794. [PMID: 31238218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) isomers, as the widely used anthropogenic antioxidants in food, have been revealed to induce endocrine disrupting effects, while the mechanism how BHA isomers regulate the lipogenic differentiation remains to be elucidated. Using 3T3-L1 differentiation model, the effects of BHA isomers, including 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (2-BHA), 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3-BHA) and their mixture (BHA), on adipogenesis were tested. The results showed that 3-BHA and BHA promoted adipocyte differentiation and enhanced the cellular lipid accumulation through the regulation of the transcriptional and protein levels of the adipogenetic biomarkers, while 2-BHA had no effect. The effective window for 3-BHA induced lipogenesis was the first four days during 3T3-L1 differentiation. BHA isomers showed no binding affinities for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Instead, the upstream of PPARγ signaling pathway, i.e. the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), upregulation of CAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β (C/EBPβ) and elevated cell proliferation during postconfluent mitosis stage were induced by 3-BHA exposure. Altogether, this study revealed the adipogenic effect of 3-BHA through interference with the upstream events of the PPARγ signaling pathway. The authorized usage of BHA as food additives and its occurrence in human sera can potentially contribute to the incidence of obesity, which is of high concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Heidelore Fiedler
- Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; UN Environment (UNEP), Chemicals Branch, CH-1219 Châtelaine GE, Switzerland
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Transgenerational Self-Reconstruction of Disrupted Chromatin Organization After Exposure To An Environmental Stressor in Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13057. [PMID: 31506492 PMCID: PMC6736928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental stressors is known to increase disease susceptibility in unexposed descendants in the absence of detectable genetic mutations. The mechanisms mediating environmentally-induced transgenerational disease susceptibility are poorly understood. We showed that great-great-grandsons of female mice exposed to tributyltin (TBT) throughout pregnancy and lactation were predisposed to obesity due to altered chromatin organization that subsequently biased DNA methylation and gene expression. Here we analyzed DNA methylomes and transcriptomes from tissues of animals ancestrally exposed to TBT spanning generations, sexes, ontogeny, and cell differentiation state. We found that TBT elicited concerted alterations in the expression of “chromatin organization” genes and inferred that TBT-disrupted chromatin organization might be able to self-reconstruct transgenerationally. We also found that the location of “chromatin organization” and “metabolic” genes is biased similarly in mouse and human genomes, suggesting that exposure to environmental stressors in different species could elicit similar phenotypic effects via self-reconstruction of disrupted chromatin organization.
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30
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Lee MK, Blumberg B. Transgenerational effects of obesogens. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125 Suppl 3:44-57. [PMID: 30801972 PMCID: PMC6708505 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated disorders are now a global pandemic. The prevailing clinical model for obesity is overconsumption of calorie-dense food and diminished physical activity (the calories in-calories out model). However, this explanation does not account for numerous recent research findings demonstrating that a variety of environmental factors can be superimposed on diet and exercise to influence the development of obesity. The environmental obesogen model proposes that exposure to chemical obesogens during in utero and/or early life can strongly influence later predisposition to obesity. Obesogens are chemicals that inappropriately stimulate adipogenesis and fat storage, in vivo either directly or indirectly. Numerous obesogens have been identified in recent years and some of these elicit transgenerational effects on obesity as well as a variety of health end-points after exposure of pregnant F0 females. Prenatal exposure to environmental obesogens can produce lasting effects on the exposed animals and their offspring to at least the F4 generation. Recent results show that some of these transgenerational effects of obesogen exposure can be carried across the generations via alterations in chromatin structure and accessibility. That some chemicals can have permanent effects on the offspring of exposed animals suggests increased caution in the debate about whether and to what extent exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and obesogens should be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kira Lee
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 BioSci
3, University of California, Irvine, CA 926970-2300
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 BioSci
3, University of California, Irvine, CA 926970-2300
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California, Irvine
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, University of California,
Irvine
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31
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Kassotis CD, Kollitz EM, Hoffman K, Sosa JA, Stapleton HM. Thyroid receptor antagonism as a contributory mechanism for adipogenesis induced by environmental mixtures in 3T3-L1 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:431-444. [PMID: 30802659 PMCID: PMC6456385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that indoor house dust extracts could induce adipogenesis in pre-adipocytes, suggesting a potential role for indoor contaminant mixtures in metabolic health. Herein, we investigated the potential role of thyroid receptor beta (TRβ) antagonism in adipogenic effects (dust-induced triglyceride accumulation and pre-adipocyte proliferation) following exposure to environmental mixtures (indoor house dust extracts). Concentrations of specific flame retardants were measured in extracts, and metabolic health information was collected from residents (n = 137). 90% of dust extracts exhibited significant adipogenic activity, >60% via triglyceride accumulation, and >70% via pre-adipocyte proliferation. Triglyceride accumulation was positively correlated with concentrations of each of twelve flame retardants, despite most being independently inactive; this suggests a putative role for co-exposures or mixtures. We further reported a positive correlation between dust-induced triglyceride accumulation and serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, negative correlations with serum free triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations, and a positive and significant association between dust-induced triglyceride accumulation and residents' body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that inhibition of TR antagonism might counteract these effects, and both addition of a TR agonist and siRNA knock-down of TR resulted in decreased dust-induced triglyceride accumulation in a subset of samples, bolstering this as a contributory mechanism. These results highlight a contributory role of environmental TR antagonism as a putative factor in metabolic health, suggesting that further research should evaluate this mechanism and determine whether in vitro adipogenic activity could have utility as a biomarker for metabolic health in residents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin M. Kollitz
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Julie Ann Sosa
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Corresponding Author Post-Publication and person to whom reprints requests should be addressed: Heather M. Stapleton, PhD, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, A207B Levine Science Research Center, 450 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, Phone: 919-613-8717,
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Gore AC, Krishnan K, Reilly MP. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Effects on neuroendocrine systems and the neurobiology of social behavior. Horm Behav 2019; 111:7-22. [PMID: 30476496 PMCID: PMC6527472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A contribution to SBN/ICN special issue. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are pervasive in the environment. They are found in plastics and plasticizers (bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates), in industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and include some pesticides and fungicides such as vinclozolin. These chemicals act on hormone receptors and their downstream signaling pathways, and can interfere with hormone synthesis, metabolism, and actions. Because the developing brain is particularly sensitive to endogenous hormones, disruptions by EDCs can change neural circuits that form during periods of brain organization. Here, we review the evidence that EDCs affect developing hypothalamic neuroendocrine systems, and change behavioral outcomes in juvenile, adolescent, and adult life in exposed individuals, and even in their descendants. Our focus is on social, communicative and sociosexual behaviors, as how an individual behaves with a same- or opposite-sex conspecific determines that individual's ability to exist in a community, be selected as a mate, and reproduce successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Krittika Krishnan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael P Reilly
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Chamorro-Garcia R, Blumberg B. Current Research Approaches and Challenges in the Obesogen Field. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:167. [PMID: 30967838 PMCID: PMC6438851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic that also contributes to the increased incidence of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Increased obesity is generally ascribed to positive energy balance. However, recent findings suggest that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as obesogens during critical windows of development, may play an important role in the current obesity trends. Several experimental approaches, from in vitro cell cultures to transgenerational in vivo studies, are used to better understand the mechanisms of action of obesogens, each of which contributes to answer different questions. In this review, we discuss current knowledge in the obesogen field and the existing tools developed in research laboratories using tributyltin as a model obesogen. By understanding the advantages and limitations of each of these tools, we will better focus and design experimental approaches that will help expanding the obesogen field with the objective of finding potential therapeutic targets in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg
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Veiga-Lopez A, Pu Y, Gingrich J, Padmanabhan V. Obesogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Identifying Knowledge Gaps. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:607-625. [PMID: 30017741 PMCID: PMC6098722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that are part of everyday consumer products and industrial manufacturing processes. EDCs can interfere with the endocrine system, including the adipose tissue. Accumulating evidence from epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies demonstrates that EDCs can alter body weight, adipose tissue expansion, circulating lipid profile, and adipogenesis, with some resulting in transgenerational effects. These outcomes appear to be mediated through multiple mechanisms, from nuclear receptor binding to epigenetic modifications. A better understanding of the signaling pathways via which these EDCs contribute to an obesogenic phenotype, the interaction amongst complex mixtures of obesogenic EDCs, and the risks they pose relative to the obesity epidemic are still needed for risk assessment and development of prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jeremy Gingrich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Maradonna F, Carnevali O. Lipid Metabolism Alteration by Endocrine Disruptors in Animal Models: An Overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:654. [PMID: 30467492 PMCID: PMC6236061 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to potential Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) pose a documented risk to both wildlife and human health. Many studies so far described declining sperm counts, genital malformations, early puberty onset, highlighting the negative impact on reproduction caused by the exposure to many anthropogenic chemicals. In the last years, increasing evidence suggested that these compounds, other than altering reproduction, affect metabolism and induce the onset of obesity and metabolic disorders. According to the "environmental obesogens" hypothesis, evidence exists that exposure to potential EDCs during critical periods when adipocytes are differentiating, and organs are developing, can induce diseases that manifest later in the life. This review summarizes the effects occurring at the hepatic level in different animal models, describing morphological alterations and changes of molecular pathways elicited by the toxicant exposure. Results currently available demonstrated that these chemicals impair normal metabolic processes via interaction with members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, including steroid hormone receptors, thyroid hormone receptors, retinoid X receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, and farnesoid X receptors. In addition, novel results revealed that EDC exposure can either affect circadian rhythms as well as up-regulate the expression of signals belonging to the endocannabinoid system, in both cases leading to a remarkable increase of lipid accumulation. These results warrant further research and increase the interest toward the identification of new mechanisms for EDC metabolic alterations. The last part of this review article condenses recent evidences on the ability of potential EDCs to cause "transgenerational effects" by a single prenatal or early life exposure. On this regard, there is compelling evidence that epigenetic modifications link developmental environmental insults to adult disease susceptibility. This review will contribute to summarize the mechanisms underlying the insurgence of EDC-induced metabolic alterations as well as to build integrated strategies for their better management. In fact, despite the large number of results obtained so far, there is still a great demand for the development of frameworks that can integrate mechanistic and toxicological/epidemiological observations. This would increase legal and governmental institution awareness on this critical environmental issue responsible for negative consequences in both wild species and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesca Maradonna
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, Rome, Italy
- Oliana Carnevali
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Le Magueresse-Battistoni B, Vidal H, Naville D. Environmental Pollutants and Metabolic Disorders: The Multi-Exposure Scenario of Life. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:582. [PMID: 30333793 PMCID: PMC6176085 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have reached epidemic proportions the past few decades and continue to progress worldwide with no clear sign of decline of the epidemic. Obesity is of high concern because it is the main risk factor for a number of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic diseases constitute a major challenge as they are associated with an overall reduced quality of life and impose a heavy economic burden on countries. These are multifactorial diseases and it is now recognized that environmental exposure to man-made chemical pollutants is part of the equation. Yet, risk assessment procedures are based on a one-by-one chemical evaluation which does not meet the specificities of the multi-exposure scenario of life, e.g., a combined and long-term exposure to even the smallest amounts of chemicals. Indeed, it is assumed that environmental exposure to chemicals will be negligible based on the low potency of each chemical and that they do not interact. Within this mini-review, strong evidences are brought that exposure to low levels of multiple chemicals especially those shown to interfere with hormonal action, the so-called endocrine disrupting compounds do trigger metabolic disturbances in conditions in which no effect was expected if considering the concentration of each individual chemical in the mixture. This is known as the cocktail effect. It means that risk assessment procedures are not protective enough and thus that it should be revisited for the sake of Public Health.
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