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Shimbo D, Cohen MT, McGoldrick M, Ensari I, Diaz KM, Fu J, Duran AT, Zhao S, Suls JM, Burg MM, Chaplin WF. Translational Research of the Acute Effects of Negative Emotions on Vascular Endothelial Health: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032698. [PMID: 38690710 PMCID: PMC11179860 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provoked anger is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events. The underlying mechanism linking provoked anger as well as other core negative emotions including anxiety and sadness to cardiovascular disease remain unknown. The study objective was to examine the acute effects of provoked anger, and secondarily, anxiety and sadness on endothelial cell health. METHODS AND RESULTS Apparently healthy adult participants (n=280) were randomized to an 8-minute anger recall task, a depressed mood recall task, an anxiety recall task, or an emotionally neutral condition. Pre-/post-assessments of endothelial health including endothelium-dependent vasodilation (reactive hyperemia index), circulating endothelial cell-derived microparticles (CD62E+, CD31+/CD42-, and CD31+/Annexin V+) and circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+/CD133+/kinase insert domain receptor+ endothelial progenitor cells and CD34+/kinase insert domain receptor+ endothelial progenitor cells) were measured. There was a group×time interaction for the anger versus neutral condition on the change in reactive hyperemia index score from baseline to 40 minutes (P=0.007) with a mean±SD change in reactive hyperemia index score of 0.20±0.67 and 0.50±0.60 in the anger and neutral conditions, respectively. For the change in reactive hyperemia index score, the anxiety versus neutral condition group by time interaction approached but did not reach statistical significance (P=0.054), and the sadness versus neutral condition group by time interaction was not statistically significant (P=0.160). There were no consistent statistically significant group×time interactions for the anger, anxiety, and sadness versus neutral condition on endothelial cell-derived microparticles and endothelial progenitor cells from baseline to 40 minutes. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized controlled experimental study, a brief provocation of anger adversely affected endothelial cell health by impairing endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Shimbo
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | | | | | - Ipek Ensari
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Keith M Diaz
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Jie Fu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Andrea T Duran
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Jerry M Suls
- Institute for Health System Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research/Northwell Health New York NY USA
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Luo Y, Deznabi I, Shaw A, Simsiri N, Rahman T, Fiterau M. Dynamic clustering via branched deep learning enhances personalization of stress prediction from mobile sensor data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6631. [PMID: 38503794 PMCID: PMC10951234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
College students experience ever-increasing levels of stress, leading to a wide range of health problems. In this context, monitoring and predicting students' stress levels is crucial and, fortunately, made possible by the growing support for data collection via mobile devices. However, predicting stress levels from mobile phone data remains a challenging task, and off-the-shelf deep learning models are inapplicable or inefficient due to data irregularity, inter-subject variability, and the "cold start problem". To overcome these challenges, we developed a platform named Branched CALM-Net that aims to predict students' stress levels through dynamic clustering in a personalized manner. This is the first platform that leverages the branching technique in a multitask setting to achieve personalization and continuous adaptation. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in predicting student stress from mobile sensor data collected as part of the Dartmouth StudentLife study, with a ROC AUC 37% higher and a PR AUC surpassing that of the nearest baseline models. In the cold-start online learning setting, Branched CALM-Net outperforms other models, attaining an average F1 score of 87% with just 1 week of training data for a new student, which shows it is reliable and effective at predicting stress levels from mobile data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Luo
- Manning College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 140 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Iman Deznabi
- Manning College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 140 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Abhinav Shaw
- Manning College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 140 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Computer Science, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natcha Simsiri
- Manning College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 140 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Tauhidur Rahman
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Madalina Fiterau
- Manning College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 140 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Kamada K, Uchida D, Okuda H, Koya A, Ohira S, Ikura M, Kikuchi S, Hanzawa K, Azuma N. Venous Screening Activities at the Site of Hokkaido East Iburi Earthquake: Report from the Result of Venous Screening in Preventive Awareness Activities. Ann Vasc Dis 2023; 16:163-168. [PMID: 37779645 PMCID: PMC10539123 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.23-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After previous earthquakes, high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases including venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been reported. We performed venous screening at the site of Hokkaido East Iburi Earthquake which happened at 6th September 2018. VTE screening using ultrasound sonography was performed for total 7 days at Atsuma town, Mukawa town and Abira town (total 9 shelters). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was found in 19 of 195 evacuees (9.7%), including 8 fresh thrombus cases (4.1%). On multivariable analysis of evacuees and shelter environment factors, systolic blood pressure, use of cardboard bed and toilet environment were significant predictor of DVT. Introduction and setting-up of cardboard beds were found as an important shelter environment factor. (This is secondary publication from Jpn J Phlebol 2021; 32(1): 5-10.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kamada
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daiki Uchida
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Koya
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seima Ohira
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Maiko Ikura
- Department of Advanced Treatment and Prevention for Vascular Disease and Embolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hanzawa
- Department of Advanced Treatment and Prevention for Vascular Disease and Embolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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Sugawara Y, Kanemura S, Fukao A, Tsuji I. Association between personality and the risk of ischemic heart disease mortality before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Data from the Miyagi Cohort Study. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:84-90. [PMID: 36907159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between personality and the risk of IHD mortality among Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) survivors, and to investigate whether personality traits affected the increase in IHD mortality observed after the GEJE. METHODS We analyzed data for 29,065 men and women in the Miyagi Cohort Study who were 40-64 years old at baseline. We divided the participants into quartiles based on scores for each of the four personality subscales (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie), using the Japanese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form. We divided the eight years before and after the GEJE event (11 March 2011) into two period, and examined the relationship between personality traits and the risk of IHD mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate the multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of IHD mortality according to each personality subscale category. RESULTS In the four years before the GEJE, neuroticism was significantly associated with an increased risk of IHD mortality. Compared with the lowest category for neuroticism, the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) for IHD mortality in the highest category was 2.19 (1.03-4.67) (p-trend = 0.12). In contrast, no statistically significant association between neuroticism and IHD mortality was observed in the four years after the GEJE. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that the observed increase in IHD mortality after the GEJE can be attributed to risk factors other than personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Division of Epidemiology, Miyagi Prefectural Cancer Research Center, Natori, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Uneven Growth in Social Capital Organizations After Disasters by Pre-Disaster Conditions in the United States 2000-2014. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e278. [PMID: 36503707 PMCID: PMC10391527 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community-level social capital organizations are critical pre-existing resources that can be leveraged in a disaster. AIM The study aimed to test the hypothesis that communities with larger pre-disaster stocks of social capital organizations would maintain pre-disaster levels or experience growth. METHODOLOGY An annual panel dataset of counties in the contiguous United States from 2000 to 2014 totaling 46620 county-years, including longitudinal data on disasters and social capital institutions was used to evaluate the effect of disaster on growth of social capital. RESULTS When a county experienced more months of disasters, social capital organizations increased a year later. These findings varied based on the baseline level of social capital organizations. For counties experiencing minor disaster impacts, growth in social capital organizations tends to occur in counties with more social capital organizations in 2000; this effect is a countervailing finding to that of major disasters, and effect sizes are larger. CONCLUSION Given the growing frequency of smaller-scale disasters and the considerable number of communities that experienced these disasters, the findings suggest that small scale events create the most common and potentially broadest impact opportunity for intervention to lessen disparities in organizational growth.
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Okazaki Y, Yoshida S, Kashima S, Ishii S, Koike S, Matsumoto M. Impact of the 2018 Japan Floods on benzodiazepine use: a longitudinal analysis based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2411-2421. [PMID: 35474395 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural disaster has an impact on mental health. The 2018 Japan Floods, which took place in July 2018 were one of the largest water disasters in Japan's recorded history. We aimed to evaluate the change in the number of benzodiazepine prescriptions by physicians before and after the disaster. METHODS A retrospective cohort study based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims was conducted in the flood-stricken areas between July 2017 and June 2019. The subjects were divided between victims and non-victims according to certification by local governments. Members of both groups were then categorized into three groups based on their pre-flood use of benzodiazepines: non-user, occasional user, and continuous user. Difference-in-differences (DID) analysis with a logistic regression model was conducted to estimate the effect of the disaster among victims by comparing the occurrence of benzodiazepine prescriptions before and after the disaster. RESULTS Of 5,000,129 people enrolled, 31,235 were victims. Among all participants, the mean prescription rate for benzodiazepines in victims before the disaster (11.3%) increased to 11.8% after the disaster, while that in non-victims (8.3%) decreased to 7.9%. The DID analysis revealed that benzodiazepine prescription among victims significantly increased immediately after the disaster (adjusted ratio of odds ratios (ROR) 1.07: 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.11), and the effect of the disaster persisted even 1 year after the disaster (adjusted ROR 1.2: 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.24). CONCLUSION The flood increased the number of benzodiazepines prescriptions among victims, and the effect persisted for at least 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Okazaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, 7-33 Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan.
- Department of Community-Based Medical Systems, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Community-Based Medical Systems, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Saori Kashima
- Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8529, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishii
- Department of Medicine for Integrated Approach to Social Inclusion, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Soichi Koike
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Community-Based Medical Systems, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Hargrave AS, Sumner JA, Ebrahimi R, Cohen BE. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Future Research and Clinical Care. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:2067-2079. [PMID: 36306020 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We explore the literature linking PTSD to CVD, potential mechanisms, interventions, and clinical implications. We outline gaps in current literature and highlight necessary future research. RECENT FINDINGS PTSD has been independently associated with deleterious effects on cardiovascular health through biological, behavioral, and societal pathways. There are evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions and pharmacotherapies for PTSD that may mitigate its impact on CVD. However, there are limited studies that rigorously analyze the impact of treating PTSD on cardiovascular outcomes. Trauma-informed CVD risk stratification, education, and treatment offer opportunities to improve patient care. These approaches can include a brief validated screening tool for PTSD identification and treatment. Pragmatic trials are needed to test PTSD interventions among people with CVD and evaluate for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Hargrave
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA. .,Medical Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Ramin Ebrahimi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Beth E Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Medical Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
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Tsuboi M, Tani Y, Sawano T, Ozaki A, Nonaka S, Zhao T, Hori A, Akihiro U, Zaima F, Watanabe T, Tsubokura M. Symposium on disaster-related deaths after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:033502. [PMID: 35998567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac8bdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disaster deaths can be classified into direct and indirect deaths. Direct deaths are those caused by the direct physical effects of disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and radiation exposure. Indirect deaths are those caused by secondary health effects such as emergency evacuation, relocation, evacuation environment, disruption of health care delivery services, and psychosocial effects. In addition, in Japan, the term disaster-related deaths refers to indirect deaths in accordance with the disaster condolence payments system, which provides relief for bereaved families. On 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake exposed several issues related to disaster-related deaths in Japan. Therefore, on 1 February 2022, a symposium on disaster-related deaths hosted by this study was held on the website. The symposium discussed the issues and challenges associated with disaster-related deaths for future disaster preparedness. The authors introduced the concept of 'shaking' at the symposium by defining 'shaking' as 'the repeated changes in the social and living environment that worsen health conditions, regardless of the disaster'. It was also pointed out that vulnerable populations are more likely to experience more pronounced health effects. This generalised concept of 'shaking' associated with disaster-related deaths suggests that it is important to anticipate disasters before they occur to take specific preventive measures, targeted at vulnerable populations. This study found that disaster-related deaths in Japan create several problems in terms of future radiation disaster preparedness and medical countermeasures. In the future, there will be a need to examine the relevance of the issues of disaster-related deaths identified as a result of this symposium for future radiation disaster preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tsuboi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Department of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuta Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki City, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki City, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fkushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Japan
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Sandifer PA, Juster RP, Seeman TE, Lichtveld MY, Singer BH. Allostatic load in the context of disasters. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105725. [PMID: 35306472 PMCID: PMC8919761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental disasters, pandemics, and other major traumatic events such as the Covid-19 pandemic or war contribute to psychosocial stress which manifests in a wide range of mental and physical consequences. The increasing frequency and severity of such events suggest that the adverse effects of toxic stress are likely to become more widespread and pervasive in the future. The allostatic load (AL) model has important elements that lend themselves well for identifying adverse health effects of disasters. Here we examine several articulations of AL from the standpoint of using AL to gauge short- and long-term health effects of disasters and to provide predictive capacity that would enable mitigation or prevention of some disaster-related health consequences. We developed a transdisciplinary framework combining indices of psychosocial AL and physiological AL to produce a robust estimate of overall AL in people affected by disasters and other traumatic events. In conclusion, we urge researchers to consider the potential of using AL as a component in a proposed disaster-oriented human health observing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Sandifer
- Center for Coastal Environmental and Human Health, School of Sciences and Mathematics, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424, USA.
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Teresa E Seeman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Y Lichtveld
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Burton H Singer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Sara JDS, Toya T, Ahmad A, Clark MM, Gilliam WP, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Mental Stress and Its Effects on Vascular Health. Mayo Clin Proc 2022; 97:951-990. [PMID: 35512885 PMCID: PMC9058928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in risk stratification and management. This has prompted the search for alternative nonconventional risk factors that may provide novel therapeutic targets. Psychosocial stress, or mental stress, has emerged as an important risk factor implicated in a higher incidence of cardiovascular events, and although our understanding of this far ranging and interesting phenomenon has developed greatly over recent times, there is still much to be learned regarding how to measure mental stress and how it may impact physical health. With the current coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic and its incumbent lockdowns and social distancing, understanding the potentially harmful biological effects of stress related to life-changing events and social isolation has become even more important. In the current review our multidisciplinary team discusses stress from a psychosocial perspective and aims to define psychological stress as rigorously as possible; discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which stress may mediate cardiovascular disease, with a particular focus to its effects on vascular health; outline existing methods and approaches to quantify stress by means of a vascular biomarker; outline the mechanisms whereby psychosocial stressors may have their pathologic effects ultimately transduced to the vasculature through the neuroendocrine immunologic axis; highlight areas for improvement to refine existing approaches in clinical research when studying the consequences of psychological stress on cardiovascular health; and discuss evidence-based therapies directed at reducing the deleterious effects of mental stress including those that target endothelial dysfunction. To this end we searched PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies evaluating the relationship between mental or psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease with a particular focus on vascular health. Search terms included "myocardial ischemia," "coronary artery disease," "mental stress," "psychological stress," "mental∗ stress∗," "psychologic∗ stress∗," and "cardiovascular disease∗." The search was limited to studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and the present day. To identify potential studies not captured by our database search strategy, we also searched studies listed in the bibliography of relevant publications and reviews.
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Key Words
- cad, coronary artery disease
- cbt, cognitive behavioral therapy
- cvd, cardiovascular disease
- fmd, flow-mediated dilatation
- il, interleukin
- mi, myocardial infarction
- ms, mental stress
- msimi, mental stress induced myocardial ischemia
- pat, peripheral arterial tonometry
- ped, peripheral endothelial dysfunction
- pet, positron emission tomography
- rh, reactive hyperemia
- ses, socioeconomic status
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- vsmc, vascular smooth muscle cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew M Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wesley P Gilliam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lliach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Quadt L, Critchley H, Nagai Y. Cognition, emotion, and the central autonomic network. Auton Neurosci 2022; 238:102948. [PMID: 35149372 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The demands of both mental and physical activity are integrated with the dynamic control of internal bodily states. The set of neural interactions that supports autonomic regulation extends beyond afferent-efferent homeostatic reflexes (interoceptive feedback, autonomic action) to encompass allostatic policies reflecting more abstract and predictive mental representations, often accessed as conscious thoughts and feelings. Historically and heuristically, reason is contrasted with passion, cognition with emotion, and 'cold' with 'hot' cognition. These categories are themselves arbitrary and blurred. Investigations of psychological processes have been generally pursued during states of musculoskeletal quiescence and are thus relatively insensitive to autonomic interaction with attentional, perceptual, mnemonic and decision-making processes. Autonomic psychophysiology has nevertheless highlighted the bidirectional coupling of distinct cognitive domains to the internal states of bodily arousal. More powerfully perhaps, in the context of emotion, autonomically mediated changes in inner bodily physiological states are viewed as intrinsic constituents of the expression of emotions, while their feedback representation is proposed to underpin emotional and motivational feelings. Here, we review the brain systems, encapsulated by the notion of central autonomic network, that provide the interface between cognitive, emotional and autonomic state. These systems span the neuraxis, overlap with the more general governance of behaviour, and represent district levels of proximity to survival-related imperatives. We touch upon the conceptual relevance of prediction and surprise to understanding the integration of cognition and emotion with autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Quadt
- BSMS Department of Neuroscience, University of Brighton and University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Hugo Critchley
- BSMS Department of Neuroscience, University of Brighton and University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - Yoko Nagai
- BSMS Department of Neuroscience, University of Brighton and University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
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Natural disaster and immunological aging in a nonhuman primate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2121663119. [PMID: 35131902 PMCID: PMC8872742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121663119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of extreme adverse events, including natural disasters, often exhibit chronic inflammation and early onset of age-related diseases. Adversity may therefore accelerate aging via the immune system, which is sensitive to lived experiences. We tested if experiencing a hurricane was associated with immune gene expression in a population of free-ranging macaques. Exposure to Hurricane Maria broadly recapitulated age-associated molecular changes, including disruptions of protein folding genes, greater inflammatory immune cell marker gene expression, and older biological aging by an average of 2 y—approximately 7 to 8 y of the human lifespan. Together, our findings suggest that experiencing an extreme hurricane is associated with alterations in immune cell gene regulation similar to aging, potentially accelerating aspects of the aging process. Weather-related disasters are increasing in frequency and severity, leaving survivors to cope with ensuing mental, financial, and physical hardships. This adversity can exacerbate existing morbidities, trigger new ones, and increase the risk of mortality—features that are also characteristic of advanced age—inviting the hypothesis that extreme weather events may accelerate aging. To test this idea, we examined the impact of Hurricane Maria and its aftermath on immune cell gene expression in large, age-matched, cross-sectional samples from free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living on an isolated island. A cross section of macaques was sampled 1 to 4 y before (n = 435) and 1 y after (n = 108) the hurricane. Hurricane Maria was significantly associated with differential expression of 4% of immune-cell-expressed genes, and these effects were correlated with age-associated alterations in gene expression. We further found that individuals exposed to the hurricane had a gene expression profile that was, on average, 1.96 y older than individuals that were not—roughly equivalent to an increase in 7 to 8 y of a human life. Living through an intense hurricane and its aftermath was associated with expression of key immune genes, dysregulated proteostasis networks, and greater expression of inflammatory immune cell-specific marker genes. Together, our findings illuminate potential mechanisms through which the adversity unleashed by extreme weather and potentially other natural disasters might become biologically embedded, accelerate age-related molecular immune phenotypes, and ultimately contribute to earlier onset of disease and death.
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Changes in the incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke and associations with natural disasters: an ecological study in 193 countries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1808. [PMID: 35110569 PMCID: PMC8810883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that natural disasters have important impacts on ischemic stroke. This study determined the associations between natural disasters and the incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke at the global level. A 28-year ecological trend study was performed to estimate worldwide changes in the incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke and their associations with natural disasters by analyzing data from 193 countries. Quantum geographic information system-based visualization and multivariable linear regression were used. Changes in the incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke, as well as disaster occurrence, varied among the different regions over the past 28 years (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression revealed an independent and positive association between disaster occurrence and the incidence of ischemic stroke in males, females and both sexes combined (standardized coefficients = 0.515, 0.470 and 0.483, p < 0.001); similar associations were found for the prevalence of ischemic stroke (standardized coefficients = 0.471, 0.417 and 0.438, p < 0.001). The incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke changed significantly at the global level and were independently associated with natural disasters. Both males and females show common but different vulnerabilities to natural disasters. This evidence supports policy making and resource allocation for disaster response and disease burden reduction.
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Fujiwara T, McManus R, Kario K. Management of hypertension in the digital era: Perspectives and future directions. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2022; 39:79-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sands LP, Do Q, Du P, Pruchno R. Peritraumatic Stress From a Disaster Increases Risk for Onset of Chronic Diseases Among Older Adults. Innov Aging 2022; 6:igab052. [PMID: 34993355 PMCID: PMC8720044 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Our understanding of the impact of disaster exposure on the physical health of older adults is largely based on hospital admissions for acute illnesses in the weeks following a disaster. Studies of longer-term outcomes have centered primarily on mental health. Missing have been studies examining whether exposure to disaster increases the risk for the onset of chronic diseases. We examined the extent to which 2 indicators of disaster exposure (geographic exposure and peritraumatic stress) were associated with new onset of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, and lung disease to improve our understanding of the long-term physical health consequences of disaster exposure. Research Design and Methods We linked self-reported data collected prior to and following Hurricane Sandy from a longitudinal panel study with Medicare data to assess time to new onset of chronic diseases in the 4 years after the hurricane. Results We found that older adults who reported high levels of peritraumatic stress from Hurricane Sandy had more than twice the risk of experiencing a new diagnosis of lung disease, diabetes, and arthritis in the 4 years after the hurricane compared to older adults who did not experience high levels of peritraumatic stress. Geographic proximity to the hurricane was not associated with these outcomes. Analyses controlled for known risk factors for the onset of chronic diseases, including demographic, psychosocial, and health risks. Discussion and Implications Findings reveal that physical health effects of disaster-related peritraumatic stress extend beyond the weeks and months after a disaster and include new onset of chronic diseases that are associated with loss of functioning and early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Sands
- Center for Gerontology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Quyen Do
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia,USA
| | - Pang Du
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia,USA
| | - Rachel Pruchno
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
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16
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Influence of stress induced by the first announced state of emergency due to coronavirus disease 2019 on outpatient blood pressure management in Japan. Hypertens Res 2021; 45:675-685. [PMID: 34952950 PMCID: PMC8705072 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To prevent further spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Japanese government announced a state of emergency, resulting in major stress for the population. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between changes in daily stress and blood pressure (BP) in Japanese patients. We retrospectively investigated 748 patients with chronic disease who were treated by the Sagamihara Physicians Association to determine changes in stress during the COVID-19 state of emergency from 7 April to 31 May 2020. During the state of emergency, office BP significantly increased from 136.5 ± 17.5/78.2 ± 12.0 to 138.6 ± 18.6/79.0 ± 12.2 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). In contrast, home BP significantly decreased from 128.2 ± 10.3/75.8 ± 8.8 to 126.9 ± 10.2/75.2 ± 9.0 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively), and the ratio of white coat hypertension was significantly increased (p < 0.001). Fifty-eight percent of patients worried about adverse effects of hypertension as a condition contributing to the severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19; decreased amounts of exercise and worsened diet compositions were observed in 39% and 17% of patients, respectively. In conclusion, a significant increase in office BP with the white coat phenomenon was observed during the state of emergency, as well as an increase in related stress. To prevent cardiovascular events, general practitioners should pay more attention to BP management during stressful global events, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Eguchi E, Ohira T, Nakano H, Hayashi F, Okazaki K, Harigane M, Funakubo N, Takahashi A, Takase K, Maeda M, Yasumura S, Yabe H, Kamiya K. Association between Laughter and Lifestyle Diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312699. [PMID: 34886425 PMCID: PMC8657190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between the frequency of laughter and lifestyle diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake. We included 41,432 participants aged 30-89 years in the Fukushima Health Management Survey in fiscal year 2012 and 2013. Gender-specific, age-adjusted and multivariable odds ratios of lifestyle diseases were calculated using logistic regressions stratified by evacuation status. Those who laugh every day had significantly lower multivariable odds ratios for hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart disease (HD) for men, and HT and dyslipidemia (DL) for women compared to those who do not, especially in male evacuees. The multivariable odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of HT, DM and HD (non-evacuees vs. evacuees) for men were 1.00 (0.89-1.11) vs. 0.85 (0.74-0.96), 0.90 (0.77-1.05) vs. 0.77 (0.64-0.91) and 0.92 (0.76-1.11) vs. 0.79 (0.63-0.99), and HT and DL for women were 0.90 (0.81-1.00) vs. 0.88 (0.78-0.99) and 0.80 (0.70-0.92) vs. 0.72 (0.62-0.83), respectively. The daily frequency of laughter was associated with a lower prevalence of lifestyle disease, especially in evacuees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Eguchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(24)-5471343
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima 960-8516, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Narumi Funakubo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kanae Takase
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Community Health and Public Health Nursing, Fukushima Medical University School of Nursing, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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A massive natural disaster, the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the incidence of dialysis due to end-stage kidney disease. J Nephrol 2021; 35:719-724. [PMID: 34642850 PMCID: PMC8995295 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Disaster-related stress can increase blood pressure and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of massive disasters in the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) remains unknown. We investigated the incidence and different causes of dialysis initiation in patients with chronic kidney disease in a city affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective observational study. All patients who initiated or were treated with dialysis at Kesennuma City Hospital between 2007 and 2020 were enrolled. The year of dialysis initiation was retrospectively determined based on the initiation date. The causative renal diseases that led to the need for dialysis initiation were divided into four groups: diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive renal disease, glomerulonephritis, and others. Results Age at dialysis initiation differed significantly among the four groups (p = 0.0262). There was a significant difference in the numbers of the four groups before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake (p = 0.0193). The age of hypertensive renal disease patients was significantly higher than those of patients with diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.0070) and glomerulonephritis (p = 0.0386) after the disaster. The increasing number of dialysis initiations after the Great East Japan Earthquake appeared to be associated with changes in hypertensive renal diseases; the number peaked after 10 years. Conclusions There was an increase in the number of dialysis initiations, especially caused by hypertensive renal diseases, for up to 10 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40620-021-01140-9.
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19
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Disability as a Determinant of Health:: Lessons from the Pandemic. Dela J Public Health 2021; 7:10-15. [PMID: 34467190 PMCID: PMC8352487 DOI: 10.32481/djph.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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Sunohara D, Miura T, Komatsu T, Hashizume N, Momose T, Kono T, Motoki H, Mochidome T, Kasai T, Kuwahara K, Ikeda U. Relationship between the flood disaster caused by the Reiwa first year east Japan typhoon and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in Nagano City: The SAVE trial. J Cardiol 2021; 78:447-455. [PMID: 34183228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Reiwa First Year East Japan Typhoon of 2019 caused a torrential flood in Japan. In Nagano City, a large area was flooded due to the collapse of the Chikuma River embankment. After large-scale disasters, an increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events has been reported on account of the stressful conditions. However, few reports of disaster-related diseases associated with flood damage have been described. Thus, our aim was to elucidate the effect of floods on the incidences of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Nagano City. METHODS The Shinshu Assessment of Flood Disaster Cardiovascular Events (SAVE) trial enrolled 2,426 patients admitted for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases at all five hospitals with an emergency department in Nagano City from October 1 to December 31 in the years 2017, 2018, and 2019. The occurrence of these diseases was calculated in every 2 weeks and the findings of 2019 (year of the flood) were compared with those of 2017 and 2018. RESULTS Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases significantly increased during the 2 weeks immediately after the flood disaster (149 in 2019 vs average of 116.5 in the previous 2 years, p < 0.05). Unstable angina cases significantly increased 1.5-2 months after the flood disaster, and cerebral hemorrhage cases significantly increased in the 2 weeks after the flood disaster. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events increased significantly during the 2 weeks immediately after the large-scale flood disaster caused by the Reiwa First Year East Japan typhoon. Because of the increasing frequency of flood disasters, it is necessary to predict the occurrences of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to implement guidelines for their appropriate and timely management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Miura
- Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoyasu Momose
- Cardiology, Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Hirohiko Motoki
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Kasai
- Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Uichi Ikeda
- Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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21
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Celik M, Yilmaz Y, Karagoz A, Kahyaoglu M, Cakmak EO, Kup A, Celik FB, Karaduman A, Kulahcioglu S, Izci S, Gecmen C, Caliskan M. Anxiety Disorder Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic Causes Deterioration of Blood Pressure Control in Primary Hypertensive Patients. Medeni Med J 2021; 36:83-90. [PMID: 34239759 PMCID: PMC8226403 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2021.08364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly all over the world and caused anxiety disorders. Recent studies have also shown that the prevalence of depression and anxiety increased during the COVID-19 outbreak. We aimed to evaluate the anxiety and depression levels during the pandemic and identify the effect of pandemic-related stress on blood pressure (BP) control in primary hypertensive patients. Method A total of 142 patients with primary hypertension (HT) who continued to use the same antihypertensive drugs before and during the pandemic were included in the study. Twenty-four -hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire were applied to patients. We retrospectively reviewed 24-h ABPM records of the same patients for the year before the pandemic. Results Daytime, nighttime and 24 -hour-systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels as well as daytime, nighttime, and 24- hour-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels , were significantly elevated during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to the pre-pandemic period (p<0.001). Higher HADS-A scores (HADS-A ≥7) were significantly associated with much greater increase in BP compared to the patients with lower HADS-A scores. Conclusion Psychological stress due to the COVID-19 outbreak led to worsening of the regulation of BP in controlled hypertensive patients whose antihypertensive treatments did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Celik
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Karagoz
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Kahyaoglu
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ender Ozgun Cakmak
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kup
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betül Celik
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karaduman
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhmus Kulahcioglu
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Servet Izci
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cetin Gecmen
- Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caliskan
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Akaishi T, Morino K, Maruyama Y, Ishibashi S, Takayama S, Abe M, Kanno T, Tadano Y, Ishii T. Restoration of clean water supply and toilet hygiene reduces infectious diseases in post-disaster evacuation shelters: A multicenter observational study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07044. [PMID: 34036202 PMCID: PMC8138609 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
After a massive disaster, many residents in affected areas are forced to temporarily stay in evacuation shelters. The exact impact of the state of resource supply and infrastructure in evacuation shelters on the health status of evacuees has not been sufficiently studied. Two weeks after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), comprehensive surveillance related to the health status and hygiene level was performed for all evacuation shelters (328 shelters with 46,480 evacuees at the peak) in one of the most devastating medical zones after the tsunami hit the area (Ishinomaki City). The joint relief team regularly visited all evacuation shelters across the area to assess the situation of resource supply levels, infrastructural damage, rapid need of resources, and the health status of the evacuees. In this cross-sectional observational study, we evaluated the relationship between the resource supply levels and health status among evacuees in two time periods (days 14-19 and 20-25). Among the evaluated vital resources, clean tap water supply was among the most disrupted by the disaster, and was not fully restored in most shelters during the assessment period. The cross-sectional relationship between resource supplies and morbidity was inconsistent between the two assessment periods, reflecting the multifactorial nature of health status in evacuation shelters. The clean tap water supply level at the first assessment showed a strong negative correlation with the subsequent prevalence of respiratory or gastrointestinal infectious conditions at the second assessment. Restorations in the clean tap water supply and toilet hygiene correlated each other, and both correlated with a decrease in the prevalence of gastrointestinal infectious conditions. In conclusion, disrupted clean tap water supply and inadequate toilet hygiene after a massive disaster would jointly harm the health status of those in shelters. Prompt assessments using quick visual assessment and restorations of these key resources have validity with suppressed environmental health risks among evacuees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuma Morino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Maruyama
- Department of Disaster Medicine, Japan Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishibashi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Japan Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tadano
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Medvegy M, Simonyi G. Supplementary Therapeutic Possibilities to Alleviate Myocardial Damage Due to Microvascular Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cardiol Ther 2021; 10:1-7. [PMID: 33811310 PMCID: PMC8018688 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-021-00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial damage with a consequent rise in cardio-specific troponin level is a frequent phenomenon in severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its causes are capillary endothelial cell dysfunction, associated carditis, low oxygenization, and increased sympathetic tone, which all worsen myocardial stiffness and microvascular dysfunction (MD). They lead to severe myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmia, acute congestive heart failure, and a significant rise in death cases. During COVID-19, no specific cardiological treatment is started. As adjuvant therapy, anxiolytics in COVID-19 are widely used, but not in all anxious patients who had been infected with coronavirus. Anxiolytics can be useful to moderate MD and immunosuppressive effect of anxiety. The favorable effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and heart failure had previously been proven, and also their anti-inflammatory effects had been suspected; however, they have not yet been used in COVID-19 cases. TMZ promotes glucose-mediated ATP production, which requires less oxygen, which explains its advantageous cardiac effects. Since it lowers serum and myocardial tissue proinflammatory cytokine levels and inhibits myocardial macrophage infiltration, it was suspected that TMZ might represent a novel therapeutic agent to prevent and treat sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. CoQ10 plays an important role in cellular ATP production; however, its concentration is decreased in cardiovascular diseases and in influenza patients. Due to its anti-inflammatory effect, CoQ10 has been suspected to have a key therapeutic target in influenza infection. We suggest considering these medicines to alleviate myocardial damage and inflammation in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Medvegy
- Cardiology Department, Flor Ferenc Hospital, Kistarcsa, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Simonyi
- Cardiology Department, St Imre Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
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Yildiz MG, Bilal N, Kara I, Sagiroglu S, Orhan I, Doganer A. Characteristics of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Following an Earthquake. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 130:1236-1244. [PMID: 33715462 DOI: 10.1177/0003489421996914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a commonly encountered peripheral vestibular disorder. People exposed to massive earthquakes experience intense and long-term problem associated with dizziness. The purpose of our study is to investigate this relationship and to demonstrate the efficacy of the treatment modalities used in the management of patients with post-earthquake dizziness. METHODOLOGY The study was carried out by examining the retrospective records of patients who presented with dizziness to the otorhinolaryngological outpatient unit before and after the Elazig earthquake that occurred on 24th Jan 2020. Parameters evaluated include patients' age and gender, onset of dizziness, accompanying symptoms and comorbidities, videonystagmography (VNG) findings, pre- and post-treatment Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS The number of patients who presented with dizziness to our outpatient clinic after the earthquake and were included in our study totaled 84. The number of patients who visited the outpatient clinic before the earthquake was identified to be 75. In the earthquake related group, while there was a statistically significant difference between residual symptoms (RS) and the need for repetitive repositioning maneuvers, there was no statistically significant difference detected for age, gender, and comorbidities. Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the pre- and post-treatment assessments of VAS, DHI, and HADS median values in the earthquake group. CONCLUSION There was a remarkable increase in the number of patients presenting with dizziness in the early post-earthquake period. Management of these patients may differ from the classic BPPV. Residual symptoms appearing after performing repositioning maneuvers can be more commonly seen among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Gazi Yildiz
- Department of ENT, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bilal
- Department of ENT, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
| | - Irfan Kara
- Department of ENT, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
| | - Saime Sagiroglu
- Department of ENT, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
| | - Israfil Orhan
- Department of ENT, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
| | - Adem Doganer
- Department of Biostatistics, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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25
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Dhaibar HA, Cruz-Topete D. Predisposition of Women to Cardiovascular Diseases: A Side-Effect of Increased Glucocorticoid Signaling During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:606833. [PMID: 34816180 PMCID: PMC8593983 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.606833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a significant health crisis worldwide. To mitigate this disease's spread, "social distancing" and "shelter in place" have been implemented. While these actions have been critical to controlling the pandemic, they have short- and long-term mental health consequences due to increased stress. There is a strong association between mental stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Young women (pre-menopausal) are at high risk of developing CV events in response to mental stress compared to age-matched men. The mechanisms underlying women's increased reactivity and response to stress are mostly unknown. The present review summarizes the known physiological consequences of mental stress in women's CV health and the latest molecular findings of the actions of the primary stress hormones, glucocorticoids, on the CV system. The current data suggest a clear link between psychological stress and heart disease, and women have an increased sensitivity to the harmful effects of stress hormone signaling imbalances. Therefore, it is expected that with the given unprecedented levels of stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, women's CV health will be significantly compromised. It is critical to widen our understanding of the direct contribution of mental stress to CVD risk in women and to identify biochemical markers with predictive value for CVD in female patients with/without cardiovascular conditions who have experienced significant mental stress during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
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26
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Silva MS, de Andrade Gomes Y, de Sousa Cavalcante ML, Telles PVN, da Silva ACA, Severo JS, de Oliveira Santos R, Dos Santos BLB, Cavalcante GL, Rocha CHL, Palheta-Junior RC, de Cássia Meneses Oliveira R, Dos Santos RF, Sabino JPJ, Dos Santos AA, Tolentino Bento da Silva M. Exercise and pyridostigmine prevents gastric emptying delay and increase blood pressure and cisplatin-induced baroreflex sensitivity in rats. Life Sci 2021; 267:118972. [PMID: 33383052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin treatment induces an autonomic dysfunction and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. Physical exercise as well as pyridostigmine treatment induces improves in the autonomic nervous system. In the current study, we investigated the effect of physical exercise and pyridostigmine treatment on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular changes in cisplatin-treated rats. Rats were divided into groups: Saline (S), Cisplatin (Cis), Exercise (Ex), Cisplatin+Exercise (Cis+Ex), Pyridostigmine (Pyr), and Cisplatin+Pyridostigmine (Cis+Pyr). We induced gastrointestinal dysmotility by administering 3 mg kg-1 of cisplatin once week for 5 weeks. The Ex was swimming (1 h per day/5 days per week for 5 weeks with 5% b.w.). GE was evaluated through the colorimetric method of fractional red phenol recovery 10 min after feeding. Pyr groups received 1.5 mg kg-1, p.o. or concomitant Cis treatment. Moreover, gastric contraction in vitro and hemodynamic parameters such as MAP, HR, and evoked baroreflex sensitivity were assessed, as well as sympathetic and parasympathetic tone and intrinsic heart rate (IHR). Cis decrease GE vs. saline (p<0.05). Cis+Ex or Cis+Pyr prevented (p<0.05) decrease in GE vs. Cis rats. Cis decreased (p<0.05) gastric responsiveness in vitro vs. saline. Cis+Ex or Cis+Pyr prevented this phenomenon. Cis treatment increase MAP and decrease in HR (p<0.05) vs saline. Cis+Ex or Cis+Pyr attenuated (p<0.05) both alterations. Cis increased sympathetic tone and decreased vagal tone and IHR (p<0.05) vs. the saline. Cis+Ex or Cis+Pyr prevented those effects vs. the Cis group. In conclusion, physical exercise and pyridostigmine treatment improves autonomic dysfunction and prevented GE delay and changes in hemodynamic parameters, baroreflex sensitivity, and cardiac autonomic control in cisplatin-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sousa Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Brenda Lois Barros Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lopes Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Henrique Lima Rocha
- Oncoclinics and Oncology Sector at the University Hospital, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Paulo Jacob Sabino
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Armenio Aguiar Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Moisés Tolentino Bento da Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Shimizu K, Takahashi M, Sato S, Saiki A, Nagayama D, Harada M, Miyazaki C, Takahara A, Shirai K. Rapid Rise of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index May Be a Trigger of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Events: Proposal of Smooth Muscle Cell Contraction Theory for Plaque Rupture. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:37-47. [PMID: 33603388 PMCID: PMC7886257 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s290841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have been recognized as the main cause of death all over the world. Recently, the established cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) has become known as an index of arterial stiffness of the arterial tree from the origin of the aorta to the ankle. CAVI reflects the progress of arteriosclerosis, and a rapid rise in CAVI indicates arterial smooth muscle cell contraction. Considering the vasculature of the atheroma where vasa vasorum penetrates the smooth muscle cell layer and supplies blood to the intimal atheromatous lesion, a rapid rise of CAVI means “choked” atheroma. Thus, we proposed a “smooth muscle cell contraction” hypothesis of plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mao Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuji Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Saiki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiji Nagayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Omori, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikao Miyazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Omori, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohji Shirai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
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Fath AR, Aglan A, Platt J, Yaron JR, Varkoly KS, Beladi RN, Gorgas D, Jean JT, Dasni P, Eldaly AS, Juby M, Lucas AR. Chronological Impact of Earthquakes on Blood Pressure: A Literature Review and Retrospective Study of Hypertension in Haiti Before and After the 2010 Earthquake. Front Public Health 2021; 8:600157. [PMID: 33520917 PMCID: PMC7844318 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.600157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We review prior studies on the incidence of hypertension (HTN) after earthquakes and present a retrospective analysis of HTN after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Methods: Prior reports on HTN incidence were reviewed and a retrospective chart review for diagnosis of HTN in 4,308 patient charts was performed over a 7 year period (five clinics). A retrospective cohort study (RCS) was then performed on 11 patients with linear follow-up. Results: The Literature review revealed a significant increase in acute and subacute HTN following earthquakes. However, the chronic effects of earthquakes varied. Our chart review uncovered no significant difference in diagnosed HTN in a Fort-Liberté clinic 128 kilometers (km) distant and 4 weeks post-event. A secondary linear RCS for 11 individuals, prior to and after the earthquake, also did not detect a significant change in HTN prevalence. Conclusion: Prior studies demonstrate acute and subacute, increases in HTN after earthquakes, but late changes have varied. Retrospective studies in the Fort-Liberté clinic, 128 km distant and 4 weeks post-event, revealed no significant change in HTN, confirming prior findings that changes in HTN after earthquakes are early and local events. Further work examining HTN after earthquakes is needed to improve early health care after natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman R Fath
- Internal Medicine Department, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Amro Aglan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeri Platt
- Glen Echo Presbyterian Church, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jordan R Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Kyle S Varkoly
- Kansas City University, Joplin, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Roxana N Beladi
- Kansas City University, Joplin, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Diane Gorgas
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Office of Global Health, Ohio State University's Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jean Tom Jean
- Jerusalem Baptist Church, Fort-Liberté, Haiti.,Santiago Medical School, Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Abdullah S Eldaly
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Michael Juby
- Midwestern University Medical School, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Internal Medicine Department, Creighton University Arizona Health Education Alliance, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Liao C, Guo L, Zhang C, Zhang M, Jiang W, Zhong Y, Lin Q, Liu Y. Emergency stress management among nurses: A lesson from the COVID-19 outbreak in China-a cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2020; 30:433-442. [PMID: 33141483 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the level of stress response, self-efficacy and perceived social support status of working nurses during the outbreak of the COVID-19 and investigate potential factors affecting their stress. BACKGROUND The stress level of clinical nurses directly affects their physical and mental health and work efficiency. DESIGN This study was a cross-sectional investigation, which was performed following the STROBE checklist. The current study was conducted in February 2020 by selecting clinical nurses from the Zigong First People's Hospital for investigation. METHODS At the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we assessed clinical nurses with the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Specifically, the nurses were divided into three groups: (a) nurses supporting Wuhan; (b) nurses in the department of treating the COVID-19 patients in our hospital (epidemic department); and (c) nurses in the general department without the COVID-19 patients in our hospital (non-epidemic department). RESULTS A total of 1092 clinical nurses were surveyed with 94 nurses in Wuhan, 130 nurses treating COVID-19 patients in our hospital and 868 nurses working without direct contact with diagnosed COVID-19 patients. The mean stress score of all surveyed nurses was 33.15 (SD: 25.551). There was a statistically significant difference in stress response scores between different departments. Noticeably, the nurses who went to support in Wuhan showed a weaker stress response than the nurses who stayed in our hospital (mean: 19.98 (Wuhan) vs. 32.70 (epidemic department in our hospital) vs. 34.64 (non-epidemic department in our hospital)). In addition, stress was negatively correlated with general self-efficacy and perceived social support. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that the stress status of second-line nurse without direct contact with diagnosed COVID-19 patients was more severe than that of first-line nurses who had direct contact with COVID-19 patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our study indicated the importance of psychological status of second-line medical staff during the global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changju Liao
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China
| | - Linghong Guo
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Animal Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Qingfang Lin
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China.,Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Animal Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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30
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Li N, Yu LL, Zhao XC, Song M, Wang L, Gao YY, Lu WT, Wang XY, Wang YM. Perinatal exposure to earthquake stress increases the risks of hypertension and diabetes in subsequent adult life: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:2354-2360. [PMID: 33125831 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine whether exposure to earthquake stress during pregnancy and infancy impacted on the risk of chronic adult health problems. All subjects were divided into three groups: the infant exposure group, the fetus exposure group, and the non-exposure group. All subjects completed a standardized interview that included questions on demographic information, traumatic experiences during the earthquake, Anthropomorphic parameters such as body height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. Traumatic events in childhood and adulthood were assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Life Event Scale (LES), respectively. Totally1325 subjects were included; 399 subjects experienced the earthquake as fetuses, 374 subjects who experienced the earthquake as infants and 552 subjects did not experience the earthquake. The three groups were comparable in sociodemographic and baseline characteristics except age (Infant exposure vs Prenatal exposure vs No exposure = 39.5 ± 0.6 vs 38.5 ± 0.8 vs 37.5 ± 0.9, p < .001). Fetal and infant exposure to earthquakes was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (both were + 3 mm Hg, p < .001). After adjustment for covariates, earthquake exposure in infants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.216 ~ 3.322) and fetuses (OR = 1.509, 95% CI = 1.014 ~ 2.248) was a significant and independent risk factor for hypertension. Earthquake expose in fetuses was a significant and independent risk factor for diabetes (OR = 2.307, 95% CI = 1.136 ~ 4.686). Earthquake exposure in infants and fetuses is a significant and independent risk factor for hypertension. Earthquake exposure in fetuses is significant and independent risk factor for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Ting Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Yi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Association between Psychological Factors and Evacuation Status and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Prospective Study of the Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217832. [PMID: 33114634 PMCID: PMC7663529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence regarding the effect of psychological factors and evacuation on cardiovascular disease occurrence after large-scale disasters is limited. This prospective study followed up a total of 37,810 Japanese men and women aged 30–89 years from the Fukushima Prefecture with no history of stroke or heart disease at baseline (2012), until 2017. This period included 3000 cardiovascular events recorded through questionnaires and death certificates. The participants’ psychological distress, trauma reaction, and evacuation status were defined, and divided into four groups based on combinations of psychological factors and evacuation status. We calculated the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for only psychological, only evacuation, or both of them compared with neither using Cox proportional hazard models. Psychological factors along with evacuation resulted in approximately 5% to 25% higher magnitude of stroke and heart disease risk than psychological factors only among men. Compared to neither, the multivariable hazard ratios of those with both psychological distress and evacuation were 1.75 for stroke and 1.49 for heart disease, and those of both trauma reaction and evacuation were 2.01 and 1.57, respectively, among men. Evacuation combined with psychological factors increased the risk of stroke and heart disease risks especially in men after the Great East Japan Earthquake.
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Ramírez-Moreno J, Muñoz Vega P, Espada S, Bartolomé Alberca S, Aguirre J, Peral D. Association between self-perceived psychological stress and transitory ischaemic attack and minor stroke: a case–control study. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wright CD, Tiani AG, Billingsley AL, Steinman SA, Larkin KT, McNeil DW. A Framework for Understanding the Role of Psychological Processes in Disease Development, Maintenance, and Treatment: The 3P-Disease Model. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2498. [PMID: 31824367 PMCID: PMC6879427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health psychology is multidisciplinary, with researchers, practitioners, and policy makers finding themselves needing at least some level of competency in a variety of areas from psychology to physiology, public health, and others. Given this multidisciplinary ontology, prior attempts have been made to establish a framework for understanding the role of biological, psychological, and socio-environmental constructs in disease development, maintenance, and treatment. Other models, however, do not explain how factors may interact and develop over time. The aim here was to apply and adapt the 3P model, originally developed and used in the treatment of insomnia, to couch the biopsychosocial model in a way that explains how diseases develop, are maintained, and can be treated. This paper outlines the role of predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors in disease states and conditions (the 3Ps) and provides examples of how this model may be adapted and applied to a number of health-related diseases or disorders including chronic pain, gastrointestinal disorders, oral disease, and heart disease. The 3P framework can aid in facilitating a multidisciplinary, theoretical approach and way of conceptualizing the study and treatment of diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. Wright
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Alaina G. Tiani
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Amber L. Billingsley
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Shari A. Steinman
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kevin T. Larkin
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Daniel W. McNeil
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Imani A, Parsa H, Chookalaei LG, Rakhshan K, Golnazari M, Faghihi M. Acute Physical Stress Preconditions the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 113:401-408. [PMID: 31621780 PMCID: PMC6882406 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is defined as a complicated state that related to homeostasis disturbances, over-activity of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis responses. Cardiac preconditioning reduces myocardial damages. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the cardioprotective effects of acute physical stress against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; (1) IR (n = 8): rats underwent I/R, (2) Acute stress (St+IR) (n = 8): physical stress induced 1-hour before I/R, (3) Sympathectomy (Symp+IR) (n = 8): chemical sympathectomy was done 24-hours before I/R and (4) Sympathectomy- physical stress (Symp+St+IR) (n = 8): chemical sympathectomy induced before physical stress and I/R. Chemical sympathectomy was performed using 6-hydroxydopamine (100 mg/kg, sc). Then, the hearts isolated and located in the Langendorff apparatus to induce 30 minutes ischemia followed by 120 minutes reperfusion. The coronary flows, hemodynamic parameters, infarct size, corticosterone level in serum were investigated. P < 0.05 demonstrated significance. RESULTS Physical stress prior to I/R could improve left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and rate product pressure (RPP) of the heart respectively, (63 ± 2 versus 42 ± 1.2, p < 0.05, 70 ± 2 versus 43 ± 2.6, p < 0.05) and reduces infarct size (22.16 ± 1.3 versus 32 ± 1.4, p < 0.05) when compared with the I/R alone. Chemical sympathectomy before physical stress eliminated the protective effect of physical stress on I/R-induced cardiac damages (RPP: 21 ± 6.6 versus 63 ± 2, p < 0.01) (LVDP: 38 ± 4.5 versus 43 ± 2.6, p < 0.01) (infarct size: 35 ± 3.1 versus 22.16 ± 1.3, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Findings indicate that acute physical stress can act as a preconditional stimulator and probably, the presence of sympathetic nervous system is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Imani
- Department of physiology - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran.,Occupational Sleep Research Center - Baharloo Hospital - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran
| | - Hoda Parsa
- Department of physiology - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran
| | - Leila Gholami Chookalaei
- Department of physiology - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran
| | - Kamran Rakhshan
- Department of physiology - School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran
| | - Masoomeh Golnazari
- Biology Department - Basic Sciences faculty - Hamedan Branch of Islamic Azad University, Hamedan - Iran
| | - Mahdieh Faghihi
- Department of physiology - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran
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Kloner RA. Lessons learned about stress and the heart after major earthquakes. Am Heart J 2019; 215:20-26. [PMID: 31260902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that certain stressors can trigger cardiovascular events. Several studies have now demonstrated an increase in major adverse cardiac events associated with natural disasters such as an earthquake. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on earthquakes and cardiovascular events. Reports from 13 major quakes were reported. Earthquakes have been associated with a number of cardiac events including sudden cardiac death, fatal myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial infarction, stress cardiomyopathy, heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, hypertension and pulmonary embolism. Most reports were associated with earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or greater. Cardiac events were reported within hours of the quakes. In some reports there was a sharp spike in cardiac events followed by a decrease; but in other quakes the increases in cardiac events lasted weeks, months and even years. There often was an association between the cardiac events and amount of personal property loss. The Great East Japan Earthquake was an unusual event in that it was associated with a major tsunami and cardiac events appeared worse in inundated areas due to flooding. Some but not all reports suggested more MIs associated with early morning earthquakes that woke up the population. Hospitals in earthquake-prone areas should consider developing plans for handling increases in myocardial infarctions and other cardiac events that are associated with earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, and Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Dept. of Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Los Angeles, CA..
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Lenane Z, Peacock E, Joyce C, Frohlich ED, Re RN, Muntner P, Krousel-Wood M. Association of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Following Hurricane Katrina With Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Older Adults With Hypertension. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:310-321. [PMID: 30581139 PMCID: PMC6476543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following Hurricane Katrina with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in older, hypertensive, community-dwelling adults both overall and stratified by age, sex, and race. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study performed in Southeastern Louisiana 12-24 months following Hurricane Katrina through February 2011. Participants were community-dwelling older adults (n = 2,073) enrolled in the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence Among Older Adults with no known history of CVD events. PTSD symptoms were assessed via telephone interview 12-24 months following Hurricane Katrina using the PTSD CheckList-Specific Version. The presence of PTSD symptoms was defined by scores greater than or equal to 37. Incident CVD events (stroke, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, or CVD death) were identified and adjudicated over a median 3.8-year follow-up period. RESULTS Overall, 8.6% of participants screened positive for PTSD symptoms, and 11.6% had an incident CVD event during follow-up. PTSD symptoms were associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for CVD events of 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 2.6). The association was present among blacks (aHR, 3.3, 95% CI, 1.7, 6.3) but not whites (aHR, 0.9, 95% CI, 0.4, 1.9); the interaction of PTSD symptoms and race on CVD events was statistically significant. CONCLUSION PTSD symptoms following Hurricane Katrina were associated with a higher risk of incident CVD in older adults with hypertension, with a stronger association in blacks compared with whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Lenane
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (ZL, EP, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (ZL, MK), New Orleans; San Mateo County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services (ZL), San Mateo, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University (CJ), Chicago; Ochsner Clinic Foundation (EDF, RNR, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (PM), Birmingham, AL
| | - Erin Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (ZL, EP, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (ZL, MK), New Orleans; San Mateo County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services (ZL), San Mateo, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University (CJ), Chicago; Ochsner Clinic Foundation (EDF, RNR, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (PM), Birmingham, AL
| | - Cara Joyce
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (ZL, EP, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (ZL, MK), New Orleans; San Mateo County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services (ZL), San Mateo, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University (CJ), Chicago; Ochsner Clinic Foundation (EDF, RNR, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (PM), Birmingham, AL
| | - Edward D Frohlich
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (ZL, EP, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (ZL, MK), New Orleans; San Mateo County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services (ZL), San Mateo, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University (CJ), Chicago; Ochsner Clinic Foundation (EDF, RNR, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (PM), Birmingham, AL
| | - Richard N Re
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (ZL, EP, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (ZL, MK), New Orleans; San Mateo County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services (ZL), San Mateo, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University (CJ), Chicago; Ochsner Clinic Foundation (EDF, RNR, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (PM), Birmingham, AL
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (ZL, EP, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (ZL, MK), New Orleans; San Mateo County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services (ZL), San Mateo, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University (CJ), Chicago; Ochsner Clinic Foundation (EDF, RNR, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (PM), Birmingham, AL
| | - Marie Krousel-Wood
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine (ZL, EP, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (ZL, MK), New Orleans; San Mateo County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services (ZL), San Mateo, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University (CJ), Chicago; Ochsner Clinic Foundation (EDF, RNR, MK), New Orleans; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (PM), Birmingham, AL.
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Tsukinoki R, Murakami Y, Kawado M, Hashimoto S. Comparison of standardised mortality ratios for renal failure before and after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: an analysis of national vital statistics. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023435. [PMID: 30593549 PMCID: PMC6318511 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake on renal failure (RF) risk remains unclear. We examined the 1-year impact of this disaster on RF mortality. SETTING This ecological study focused on the year before and after the earthquake. The data sources were national vital statistics (2010-2012), the national census (2010) and the Basic Resident Registration (2010-2012). PARTICIPANTS Our study included all residents in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima, 1 year before and after the earthquake. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for RF, chronic RF and acute RF. Postearthquake weekly SMRs were calculated using the number of RF deaths for the corresponding weeks in 2010 as a reference. The SMRs for RF were compared between the coastal and inland municipalities using kernel-weighted polynomial smoothing. RESULTS There were 1290 RF deaths in the three prefectures during the year after the earthquake (chronic RF: 804 and acute RF: 236). The SMR for RF increased significantly in the first week after the earthquake in coastal areas (3.11; 95% CI: 1.84 to 4.37), but did not increase in inland areas (0.93; 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.38). A similar trend was observed for chronic RF (coastal: 4.0; 95% CI: 2.0 to 6.0; inland: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.7). SMRs for RF and chronic RF decreased over time and reached 1.0 approximately 20 weeks after the disaster. Changes in SMRs for acute RF were not apparent due to the low number of deaths. CONCLUSIONS Mortality due to RF and chronic RF, but not acute RF, increased in coastal areas after the earthquake. Chronic RF may have been exacerbated by disaster-induced sympathetic activation and poor management of renal dysfunction. Increased hypertension and damage to essential infrastructure and medical equipment may also have increased mortality in people with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Tsukinoki
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Miyuki Kawado
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalizations in Louisiana Parishes' Elderly before, during and after Hurricane Katrina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:ijerph16010074. [PMID: 30597886 PMCID: PMC6339087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The research on how health and health care disparities impact response to and recovery from a disaster, especially among diverse and underserved populations is in great need for a thorough evaluation. The time series analysis utilizing most complete national databases of medical records is an indispensable tool in assessing the destruction and health toll brought about by natural disasters. In this study, we demonstrated such an application by evaluating the impact of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 on cardiovascular disease (CVD), a primary cause of mortality among older adults that can be aggravated by natural disasters. We compared CVD hospitalizations before, during and after Katrina between white and black residents of three most populated parishes in Louisiana: Orleans and Jefferson, which were severely affected by the landfall and subsequent floods, and East Baton Rouge, which hosted many of the evacuees. We abstracted 383,552 CVD hospitalization records for Louisiana's patients aged 65+ in 2005⁻2006 from the database maintained by the Center of Medicare & Medicaid Services. Daily time series of CVD-related hospitalization rates at each study parish were compiled, and the changes were characterized using segmented regression. In Orleans Parish, directly affected by the hurricane, hospitalization rates peaked on the 6th day after landfall with an increase (mean ± SD) from 7.25 ± 2.4 to 18.5 ± 17.3 cases/day per 10,000 adults aged 65+ (p < 0.001) and returned to pre-landfall level after ~2 months. Disparities in CVD rates between black and white older adults were exacerbated during and following landfall. In Orleans Parish, a week after landfall, the CVD rates increased to 26.3 ± 23.7 and 16.6 ± 11.7 cases/day per 10,000 people (p < 0.001) for black and white patients, respectively. The abrupt increase in CVDs is likely due to psychosocial and post-traumatic stress caused by the disaster and inadequate response. Inequities in resource allocation and access have to be addressed in disaster preparation and mitigation.
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Sandifer PA, Walker AH. Enhancing Disaster Resilience by Reducing Stress-Associated Health Impacts. Front Public Health 2018; 6:373. [PMID: 30627528 PMCID: PMC6309156 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disasters are a recurring fact of life, and major incidents can have both immediate and long-lasting negative effects on the health and well-being of people, communities, and economies. A primary goal of many disaster preparedness, response, and recovery plans is to reduce the likelihood and severity of disaster impacts through increased resilience of individuals and communities. Unfortunately, most plans do not address directly major drivers of long-term disaster impacts on humans-that is, acute, chronic, and cumulative stress-and therefore do less to enhance resilience than they could. Stress has been shown to lead to or exacerbate ailments ranging from mental illness, domestic violence, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorders, and suicide to cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, and other infirmities. Individuals, groups, communities, organizations, and social ties are all vulnerable to stress. Based on a targeted review of what we considered to be key literature about disasters, resilience, and disaster-associated stress effects, we recommend eight actions to improve resiliency through inclusion of stress alleviation in disaster planning: (1) Improve existing disaster behavioral and physical health programs to better address, leverage, and coordinate resources for stress reduction, relief, and treatment in disaster planning and response. (2) Emphasize pre- and post-disaster collection of relevant biomarker and other health-related data to provide a baseline of health status against which disaster impacts could be assessed, and continued monitoring of these indicators to evaluate recovery. (3) Enhance capacity of science and public health early-responders. (4) Use natural infrastructure to minimize disaster damage. (5) Expand the geography of disaster response and relief to better incorporate the displacement of affected people. (6) Utilize nature-based treatment to alleviate pre- and post-disaster stress effects on health. (7) Review disaster laws, policies, and regulations to identify opportunities to strengthen public health preparedness and responses including for stress-related impacts, better engage affected communities, and enhance provision of health services. (8) With community participation, develop and institute equitable processes pre-disaster for dealing with damage assessments, litigation, payments, and housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Sandifer
- Center for Coastal Environmental and Human Health, School of Sciences and Mathematics, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Garfin DR, Thompson RR, Holman EA. Acute stress and subsequent health outcomes: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2018; 112:107-113. [PMID: 30097129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the relationship between acute posttraumatic stress symptoms (<1 month) and subsequent physical and mental health outcomes other than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science) was conducted to identify longitudinal studies examining the link between acute posttraumatic stress and physical and mental health. Inclusion criteria required assessment of acute posttraumatic stress (<1 month post-event) and at least one follow-up assessment of a physical or mental health outcome (not PTSD). RESULTS 1,051 articles were screened; 22 met inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies examined physical health outcomes and 12 examined non-PTSD mental health outcomes. Early psychological responses to trauma were associated with a variety of short- (<1 year) and long- (≥1 year) term physical and mental health outcomes. Physical health outcomes included poor general physical health, increased pain and disability, lower quality of life, and higher risk of all-cause mortality. Significant psychological outcomes included more cumulative psychiatric disorders, depression, and anxiety. Significant psychosocial outcomes included increased family conflict. CONCLUSIONS Methodologically rigorous longitudinal studies support the utility of measuring acute psychological responses to traumatic events as they may be an important marker of preventable trauma-related morbidity and mortality that warrants long-term monitoring and/or early intervention.
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Ruskin J, Rasul R, Schneider S, Bevilacqua K, Taioli E, Schwartz RM. Lack of access to medical care during Hurricane Sandy and mental health symptoms. Prev Med Rep 2018; 10:363-369. [PMID: 29868393 PMCID: PMC5984240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Destruction caused by natural disasters compromises medical providers' and hospitals' abilities to administer care. Hurricane Sandy was particularly devastating, resulting in massive disruptions of medical care in the region. This study aimed to determine whether a lack of access to medical care during Hurricane Sandy was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and other mental health/substance abuse outcomes. A secondary aim was to examine whether having a chronic illness moderates those associations. Self-reported medical access and mental health symptomatology were obtained from New York City and Long Island residents (n = 1669) following Hurricane Sandy under the Leaders in Gathering Hope Together project (10/23/2013–2/25/2015) and Project Restoration (6/5/2014–8/9/2016). Multivariable logistic regressions were utilized to determine the relationship between lack of access to medical care and mental health outcomes. Of the 1669 participants, 994 (59.57%) were female, 866 (51.89%) were white, and the mean age was 46.22 (SD = 19.2) years old. Those without access to medical care had significantly higher odds of showing symptoms of PTSD (AOR = 2.71, CI = [1.77–4.16]), as well as depression (AOR = 1.94, CI = [1.29–2.92]) and anxiety (AOR = 1.61, CI = [1.08–2.39]) compared to those with access. Lack of access to care was associated with a 2.12 point increase in perceived stress scale score (SE = 0.63). The interaction between having a chronic illness and lack of access to medical care was not significantly associated with any outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of making medical care more accessible to patients, both chronically and acutely ill, during natural disasters to benefit their physical as well as their mental health. Individuals without access to medical care had asignificantly higher odds of showing symptoms of mental health difficulties. Chronic illness did not moderate the relationship between a lack of access to care and mental health outcomes. Access to medical care during natural disasters may benefit the mental health of survivors with and without chronic illness.</span>
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ruskin
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Joint Center for Trauma, Disaster Health and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, United States
| | - Rehana Rasul
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Joint Center for Trauma, Disaster Health and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, United States
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Schneider
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Joint Center for Trauma, Disaster Health and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, United States
| | - Kristin Bevilacqua
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Joint Center for Trauma, Disaster Health and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, United States
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Joint Center for Trauma, Disaster Health and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, United States
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca M. Schwartz
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Joint Center for Trauma, Disaster Health and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, United States
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention (OMEP), Northwell Health Physician Partners, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, 175 Community Drive 2nd floor, Great Neck, NY 11021, United States.
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Kumar V, Bhavana K. Post Earthquake Equilibrium Disturbance: A Study After Nepal-India Earthquake 2015. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 71:1258-1265. [PMID: 31750161 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nepal and adjoining areas of India suffered a series of massive earthquakes in April-May 2015. This was followed by a remarkable increase in the patient presenting with vague dizziness like features which could not be attributed to any defined variant of vestibular disorder. Extensive search of literature revealed only scarce information about ambiguous post-earthquake vestibular symptoms and their management. We performed a detailed epidemiological analysis of these patients to analyse the presentation, underlying mechanism and optimal management. The results were scrutinised in light of existing international literature. We observed that earthquake precipitated a psychological stress like event that provoked features of disequilibrium and the neuroanatomical basis of the proposition was explored. We renounce the hypothesis of Secondary BPPV precipitated by earthquake leading to symptoms. The results were interpreted from the perspective of Indian scenario and its utility in post-earthquake disaster management in our country has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of ENT, AIIMS, Patna, Patna, India.,Patna, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Hokimoto
- Department of Nursing and Social Welfare, Kyushu Nursing and Social Welfare University.,Kumamoto University
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Sado J, Kiyohara K, Iwami T, Kitamura Y, Ando E, Ohira T, Sobue T, Kitamura T. Three-Year Follow-up After the Great East Japan Earthquake in the Incidence of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Cardiac Origin. Circ J 2018; 82:919-922. [PMID: 29375107 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed whether the occurrence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with cardiac origin increased in the disaster areas during the 3-year period after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE).Methods and Results:From the OHCA registry in Japan, yearly changes in occurrence after the GEJE were assessed by applying Poisson regression models. The risk ratio of the first year after the earthquake was significantly greater in both men and women, but the difference disappeared in the second and third years. CONCLUSIONS The GEJE significantly increased the occurrence of OHCA with cardiac origin in the first year after the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Sado
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | | | - Yuri Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Emiko Ando
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
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Suneja A, Gakh M, Rutkow L. Burden and Management of Noncommunicable Diseases After Earthquakes and Tsunamis. Health Secur 2018; 16:30-47. [PMID: 29355393 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2017.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative review examines extant literature assessing the burden and management of noncommunicable diseases 6 months or more after earthquakes and tsunamis. We conducted an integrative review to identify and characterize the strength of published studies about noncommunicable disease-specific outcomes and interventions at least 6 months after an earthquake and/or tsunami. We included disasters that occurred from 2004 to 2016. We focused primarily on the World Health Organization noncommunicable disease designations to define chronic disease, but we also included chronic renal disease, risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, and other chronic diseases or symptoms. After removing duplicates, our search yielded 6,188 articles. Twenty-five articles met our inclusion criteria, some discussing multiple noncommunicable diseases. Results demonstrate that existing medical conditions may worsen and subsequently improve, new diseases may develop, and risk factors, such as weight and cholesterol levels, may increase for several years after an earthquake and/or tsunami. We make 3 recommendations for practitioners and researchers: (1) plan for noncommunicable disease management further into the recovery period of disaster; (2) increase research on the burden of noncommunicable diseases, the treatment modalities employed, resulting population-level outcomes in the postdisaster setting, and existing models to improve stakeholder coordination and action regarding noncommunicable diseases after disasters; and (3) coordinate with preexisting provision networks, especially primary care.
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Ramírez-Moreno JM, Muñoz Vega P, Espada S, Bartolomé Alberca S, Aguirre J, Peral D. Association between self-perceived psychological stress and transitory ischaemic attack and minor stroke: A case-control study. Neurologia 2017; 35:556-562. [PMID: 29277523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke has a complex aetiopathogenesis influenced by numerous risk factors. There is growing interest in the study of the pathophysiological changes associated with stress and their potential relationship with cerebrovascular disease. The purpose of this paper is to assess the strength of association between exposure to stress and stroke. METHODS We conducted a case-control study (1:1) to compare exposure to stress in a group of patients with a history of a first transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke and in a control group. Participants were asked a subjective question about their perception of stress in the previous months and completed the standardised Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used for data analysis. RESULTS The study included data on 50 cases and 50 controls. There were no significant differences in demographic variables and economic, social, and employment status between cases and controls. Fifty percent of the cases reported moderate to severe stress, compared to 30% of controls (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.02-5.30; P=.041). ERI questionnaire results found that greater effort at work (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.19-1.83) and greater commitment is associated with stroke (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.17-1.54), while higher reward constitutes a protective factor against the disease (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61-0.82). CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between self-perceived psychological stress and TIA. The imbalance between effort and reward at work is also clearly related to TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ramírez-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España; Centro de ictus, Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, España; Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar de Extremadura GRIMEX.
| | - P Muñoz Vega
- Centro de ictus, Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, España
| | - S Espada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España
| | - S Bartolomé Alberca
- Centro de ictus, Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, España
| | - J Aguirre
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España; Centro de ictus, Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, España
| | - D Peral
- Departamento de Terapéutica Médico-quirúrgica, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España
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Morita T, Nomura S, Tsubokura M, Leppold C, Gilmour S, Ochi S, Ozaki A, Shimada Y, Yamamoto K, Inoue M, Kato S, Shibuya K, Kami M. Excess mortality due to indirect health effects of the 2011 triple disaster in Fukushima, Japan: a retrospective observational study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:974-980. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundEvidence on the indirect health impacts of disasters is limited. We assessed the excess mortality risk associated with the indirect health impacts of the 2011 triple disaster (earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster) in Fukushima, Japan.MethodsThe mortality rates in Soma and Minamisoma cities in Fukushima from 2006 to 2015 were calculated using vital statistics and resident registrations. We investigated the excess mortality risk, defined as the increased mortality risk between postdisaster and predisaster after excluding direct deaths attributed to the physical force of the disaster. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of mortality after adjusting for city, age and year.ResultsThere were 6163 and 6125 predisaster and postdisaster deaths, respectively. The postdisaster mortality risk was significantly higher in the first month following the disaster (March 2011) than in the same month during the predisaster period (March 2006–2010). RRs among men and women were 2.64 (95% CI 2.16 to 3.24) and 2.46 (95% CI 1.99 to 3.03), respectively, demonstrating excess mortality risk due to the indirect health effects of the disaster. Age-specific subgroup analyses revealed a significantly higher mortality risk in women aged ≥85 years in the third month of the disaster compared with predisaster baseline, with an RR (95% CI) of 1.73 (1.23 to 2.44).ConclusionsIndirect health impacts are most severe in the first month of the disaster. Early public health support, especially for the elderly, can be an important factor for reducing the indirect health effects of a disaster.
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Yaribeygi H, Panahi Y, Sahraei H, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1057-1072. [PMID: 28900385 PMCID: PMC5579396 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Any intrinsic or extrinsic stimulus that evokes a biological response is known as stress. The compensatory responses to these stresses are known as stress responses. Based on the type, timing and severity of the applied stimulus, stress can exert various actions on the body ranging from alterations in homeostasis to life-threatening effects and death. In many cases, the pathophysiological complications of disease arise from stress and the subjects exposed to stress, e.g. those that work or live in stressful environments, have a higher likelihood of many disorders. Stress can be either a triggering or aggravating factor for many diseases and pathological conditions. In this study, we have reviewed some of the major effects of stress on the primary physiological systems of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Neurosciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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How Evacuees Obtained Health Care Information After the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Qualitative Interview Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 11:729-734. [PMID: 28659215 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how evacuees obtained health care information at their evacuation destinations after the Great East Japan Earthquake. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews of 11 evacuees who moved to City A in Kyoto Prefecture following the Great East Japan Earthquake. The interviews explored how the evacuees obtained health care information, including the main factors of influence. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed to identify trends by using the constant comparative method. RESULTS Four categories emerged from 6 concepts. Mother-children evacuees and family evacuees tended to obtain health care information in different ways. Family evacuees had moved as a family unit and had obtained their health care information from local neighbors. Mother-children evacuees were mothers who had moved with their children, leaving behind other family members. These evacuees tended to obtain information from other mother-children evacuees. At the time of evacuation, we found 2 factors, emotions and systems, influencing how mother-children evacuees obtained health care information. CONCLUSIONS We found 2 different ways of obtaining health care information among mother-children evacuees and other evacuees. At the time of evacuation, 2 factors, emotions and systems, influenced how mother-children evacuees obtained health care information. Community-building support should be a priority from an early stage after a disaster for health care management. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:729-734).
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