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Nechaeva E, Kharkova O, Postoev V, Grjibovski AM, Darj E, Odland JØ. Awareness of postpartum depression among midwives and pregnant women in Arkhangelsk, Arctic Russia. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2354008. [PMID: 38828500 PMCID: PMC11149570 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2354008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 17% of the women worldwide with nearly half of all cases going undetected. More research on maternal mental health, particularly among healthcare professionals and pregnant mothers, could help identify PPD risks and reduce its prevalence. OBJECTIVE Given that awareness of PPD is a crucial preventive factor, we studied PPD awareness among midwives and pregnant women in Arkhangelsk, Arctic Russia. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Midwives and pregnant women were recruited from the women's clinic of the Arkhangelsk municipal polyclinic. Seven midwives and 12 pregnant mothers were interviewed. RESULTS Midwives described limited time for psychological counselling of pregnant women; they reported that their primary focus was on the physiological well-being of women. Pregnant women have expressed a desire for their families to share responsibilities. The participants considered PPD as a mix of psychological and physiological symptoms, and they also highlighted a discrepancy between the expectations of pregnant women and the reality of motherhood. The present study underscored the limited understanding of PPD identification. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that there is a need for increased awareness among midwives and pregnant women regarding PPD. Prevention programs targeting PPD with a specific emphasis on enhancing maternal mental health knowledge are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nechaeva
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olga Kharkova
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Vitaly Postoev
- Department of Public Health, Health Care and Social Work, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Andrej M. Grjibovski
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Elisabeth Darj
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Mambro A, Afshar A, Leone F, Dussault C, Stoové M, Savulescu J, Rich JD, Rowan DH, Sheehan J, Kronfli N. Reimbursing incarcerated individuals for participation in research: A scoping review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 123:104283. [PMID: 38109837 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about global practices regarding the provision of reimbursement for the participation of people who are incarcerated in research. To determine current practices related to the reimbursement of incarcerated populations for research, we aimed to describe international variations in practice across countries and carceral environments to help inform the development of more consistent and equitable practices. METHODS We conducted a scoping review by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase, and conducted a grey literature search for English- and French-language articles published until September 30, 2022. All studies evaluating any carceral-based research were included if recruitment of incarcerated participants occurred inside any non-juvenile carceral setting; we excluded studies if recruitment occurred exclusively following release. Where studies failed to indicate the presence or absence of reimbursement, we assumed none was provided. RESULTS A total of 4,328 unique articles were identified, 2,765 were eligible for full text review, and 426 were included. Of these, 295 (69%) did not offer reimbursement to incarcerated individuals. A minority (n = 13; 4%) included reasons explaining the absence of reimbursement, primarily government-level policies (n = 7). Among the 131 (31%) studies that provided reimbursement, the most common form was monetary compensation (n = 122; 93%); five studies (4%) offered possible reduced sentencing. Reimbursement ranged between $3-610 USD in total and 14 studies (11%) explained the reason behind the reimbursements, primarily researchers' discretion (n = 9). CONCLUSIONS The majority of research conducted to date in carceral settings globally has not reimbursed incarcerated participants. Increased transparency regarding reimbursement (or lack thereof) is needed as part of all carceral research and advocacy efforts are required to change policies prohibiting reimbursement of incarcerated individuals. Future work is needed to co-create international standards for the equitable reimbursement of incarcerated populations in research, incorporating the voices of people with lived and living experience of incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mambro
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avideh Afshar
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Leone
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Dussault
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Stoové
- Burnet Institute, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josiah D Rich
- Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam and Rhode Island Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daniel H Rowan
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Nadine Kronfli
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Curtis MG, Whalen CC, Pjesivac I, Kogan SM. Contextual Pathways Linking Cumulative Experiences of Racial Discrimination to Black American Men's COVID Vaccine Hesitancy. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2944-2956. [PMID: 36445684 PMCID: PMC9707415 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and widened racialized health disparities, underscoring the impact of structural inequities and racial discrimination on COVID-19 vaccination uptake. A sizable proportion of Black American men report that they either do not plan to or are unsure about becoming vaccinated against COVID-19. The present study investigated hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which experiences of racial discrimination are associated with Black American men's COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling with 4 waves of data from 242 Black American men (aged ~ 27) living in resource-poor communities in the rural South. Study findings revealed that racial discrimination was indirectly associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy via increased endorsement of COVID-19 conspiratorial beliefs. Findings also demonstrated that increased levels of ethnic identity strengthen the association between experiences of racial discrimination and COVID-19 conspiratorial beliefs. In contrast, increased levels of social support weakened the association between cumulative experiences of racial discrimination and COVID conspiratorial beliefs. Taken together, these results suggest that racial discrimination may promote conspiratorial beliefs which undermine Black American men's willingness to be vaccinated. Future interventions aimed towards promoting vaccine uptake among Black American men may benefit from the inclusion of targeted efforts to rebuild cultural trust and increase social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Curtis
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia, 30602-4527, USA.
| | | | - Ivanka Pjesivac
- Grady College of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia, 30602-4527, USA
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Terada M, Shimazu T, Saito J, Odawara M, Otsuki A, Yaguchi-Saito A, Miyawaki R, Kuchiba A, Ishikawa H, Fujimori M, Kreps GL. Age, gender and socioeconomic disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and knowledge among Japanese adults after a 7-year suspension of proactive recommendation for the HPV vaccine: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Vaccine 2023; 41:7147-7158. [PMID: 37866996 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese government's 2013 suspension of its proactive recommendation for Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination resulted in low HPV vaccination coverage and was unique. However, data on awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccines in the general population was limited. Here, to investigate more recent awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccines by age, gender, and socioeconomic status, we used data from the INFORM Study 2020, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of self-administered questionnaires with 1,998 Japanese individuals aged 20 to 59 years. We found that 47.5% of females and 21.0% of males had heard of HPV, and 33.6% of females and 16.8% of males had knowledge of HPV vaccine efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounders, females aged 50-54 years were more likely to be aware of HPV than females aged 20-24 (AOR, 2.02, 95%CI: 1.12-3.65). Females (AOR, 2.13, 95%CI: 1.48-3.07) and males (AOR, 1.64, 95%CI: 1.03-2.59) with higher education had more awareness than those with less education. Females with higher education had more knowledge about HPV vaccine efficacy than those with less education (AOR, 1.70; 95%CI: 1.16-2.50). We found a generally low level of awareness and knowledge about HPV vaccines in Japan, which might be attributable to the suspension of proactive recommendations. Additionally, we identified disparities in awareness and knowledge by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and health literacy. Enhancing HPV awareness and understanding of HPV vaccines and implementing targeted efforts for specific subpopulations within Japan after the resumption of proactive recommendation for HPV vaccines, are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Terada
- Department of Health Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junko Saito
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Odawara
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Otsuki
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Yaguchi-Saito
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Human Sciences, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rina Miyawaki
- School of Arts and Letters, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Kuchiba
- Division of Biostatistical Research, Institution for Cancer Control/Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirono Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Fujimori
- Division of Survivorship Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gary L Kreps
- Center for Health and Risk Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Ezeoke OM, Brooks G, Postow MA, Baxi S, Young Kim S, Narang B, Diamond LC. Associations Between Race/Ethnicity, Language, and Enrollment on Cancer Research Studies. Oncologist 2022; 28:131-138. [PMID: 36321912 PMCID: PMC9907053 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine whether differences in patients' race/ethnicity, preferred language, and other factors were associated with patient enrollment in oncology research studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all adults (>18 and ≤90) seen at a large, metropolitan cancer center from 2005 to 2015, examining if enrollment to a research study, varied by race/ethnicity, preferred language, comorbidities, gender, and age. RESULTS A total of 233 604 patients were available for initial analysis. Of these, 93 278 (39.9%) were enrolled in a research protocol (therapeutic and non-therapeutic studies). Patients who self-reported their race/ethnicity as Native, Other, Unknown, or Refuse to Answer were less likely to be enrolled on a study. Patients with one or more comorbidities, and those whose preferred language was English, were more likely to be enrolled on a research study. A logistic regression model showed that, although Non-Hispanic Black patients were more likely to have one or more comorbidities and had a higher proportion of their subset selecting English as their preferred language, they were less likely to be enrolled on a study, than our largest population, Non-Hispanic/White patients. CONCLUSIONS We identified differences in research study enrollment based on preferred language, and within race/ethnicity categories including Native-Populations, Other, Unknown or Refuse to Answer compared to Non-Hispanic/White patients. We also highlighted the lower odds of enrollment among Non-Hispanic/Black patients, in the setting of factors such as comorbidities and English language preference, which were otherwise found to be positive predictors of enrollment. Further investigation is needed to design targeted interventions to reduce disparities in oncology research study enrollment, with particular focus on language diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu M Ezeoke
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA,College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Brooks
- College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Postow
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shrujal Baxi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bharat Narang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa C Diamond
- Corresponding author: Lisa C. Diamond, MD, MPH, Assistant Attending Physician, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, 2nd Fl, New York, NY 10017, USA. Tel: +1 646 888 4246;
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Feres MFN, Albuini ML, de Araújo Castro Santos RP, de Almeida-Junior LA, Flores-Mir C, Roscoe MG. Dentists' awareness and knowledge of evidence- based dentistry principles, methods and practices: a systematic review. Evid Based Dent 2022:10.1038/s41432-022-0821-2. [PMID: 36138157 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction As an attempt to provide supporting evidence for the formulation of future educational strategies on knowledge translation, this systematic review assessed and synthesised the available evidence related to the dentists' awareness, perceived and actual knowledge of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) principles, methods and practices.Methods Primary studies that considered dentists' reports collected from interviews, questionnaires, or conversation sessions were selected. Studies enrolling students, dental hygienists, or other health professionals were not included. Reviews, editorials, letters, study protocols, articles presenting knowledge translation strategies and initiatives, examples of EBD approaches to specific clinical questions, and guidelines focused on EBD implementation were also excluded. Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Grey literature was partially covered by the Google Scholar search and the reference lists of the pre-selected studies. The study search was concluded in February 2021. Descriptive data of the selected studies were synthesised, and the risk of bias was assessed according to the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies.Results Twenty-one articles were included. High percentages of dentists were aware of EBD. Variable proportions of professionals declared to have some understanding of EBD, although few presented actual knowledge of principles, methods and practices.Discussion Methodologically, most studies presented limitations regarding sample representativity, participation rates, detailing of the outcome measures, and validation of the assessment tools. Additionally, extensive overall ranges of responses were often observed across the studies, possibly as a result of heterogeneity across samples and assessment tools. The authors thus suggest developing valid questionnaires including all dimensions (awareness, perceived knowledge and actual knowledge) within an assessment tool. This would contribute to establishing knowledge translation strategies to overcome specific gaps in EBD knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Guimarães Roscoe
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Hariri E, Al Hammoud M, Donovan E, Shah K, Kittleson MM. The Role of Informed Consent in Clinical and Research Settings. Med Clin North Am 2022; 106:663-674. [PMID: 35725232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Informed consent plays an integral role in governing the patient-physician relationship with origins traced back to ancient Greek philosophy. The main pillars of informed consent are autonomy, integrity, respect, and care. In the last century, these notions have been codified into legislation to promote healthy patient-physician relationships. Understanding the process of informed consent is critical for patients, researchers, and medical practitioners. In this article, the authors provide a brief historical narrative of informed consent, elaborate on the process of obtaining an ethically and legally valid informed consent, and present some of the future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Hariri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, G10 Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Mazen Al Hammoud
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Erin Donovan
- Department of Communication Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, 2504A Whitis Ave, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kevin Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Hospital, 30 North 1900 East, Rm 4A100, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Michelle M Kittleson
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Medical Center, 8670 Wilshire Blvd, 2nd floor, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA.
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COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers-A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060948. [PMID: 35746556 PMCID: PMC9227837 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated vaccine have highlighted vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs). Vaccine hesitancy among this group existed prior to the pandemic and particularly centered around influenza vaccination. Being a physician, having more advanced education, and previous vaccination habits are frequently associated with vaccine acceptance. The relationship between age and caring for patients on COVID-19 vaccination is unclear, with studies providing opposing results. Reasons for hesitancy include concerns about safety and efficacy, mistrust of government and institutions, waiting for more data, and feeling that personal rights are being infringed upon. Many of these reasons reflect previous attitudes about influenza vaccination as well as political beliefs and views of personal autonomy. Finally, several interventions to encourage vaccination have been studied, including education programs and non-monetary incentives with the most effective studies using a combination of methods.
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Hankerson SH, Moise N, Wilson D, Waller BY, Arnold KT, Duarte C, Lugo-Candelas C, Weissman MM, Wainberg M, Yehuda R, Shim R. The Intergenerational Impact of Structural Racism and Cumulative Trauma on Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:434-440. [PMID: 35599541 PMCID: PMC9373857 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression among individuals who have been racially and ethnically minoritized in the United States can be vastly different from that of non-Hispanic White Americans. For example, African American adults who have depression rate their symptoms as more severe, have a longer course of illness, and experience more depression-associated disability. The purpose of this review was to conceptualize how structural racism and cumulative trauma can be fundamental drivers of the intergenerational transmission of depression. The authors propose that understanding risk factors for depression, particularly its intergenerational reach, requires accounting for structural racism. In light of the profoundly different experiences of African Americans who experience depression (i.e., a more persistent course of illness and greater disability), it is critical to examine whether an emerging explanation for some of these differences is the intergenerational transmission of this disorder due to structural racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney H. Hankerson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Population Health Sciences & Policy, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029
| | - Nathalie Moise
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 622 West 168 Street, PH 9, New York, NY 10032
| | - Diane Wilson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York
| | - Bernadine Y. Waller
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Kimberly T. Arnold
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Andrew Mutch Building, Floor 6, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Cristiane Duarte
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Claudia Lugo-Candelas
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 24, New York, New York 10032
| | - Milton Wainberg
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, The Bronx James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ruth Shim
- University of California at Davis, Department of Psychiatry
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Morrill KE, Crocker RM, Hingle MD, Thomson CA, Garcia DO. Awareness, Knowledge, and Misperceptions Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Community Sample of Mexican-Origin Women: A Mixed Methods Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:626428. [PMID: 34485209 PMCID: PMC8415027 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.626428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mexican-origin women suffer disproportionate rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and research on how to tailor NAFLD treatment interventions for this population is lacking. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and information sources related to NAFLD in a community-based sample of Mexican-origin women. Methods: This study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach and consisted of a brief questionnaire (n = 194) and interviews (n = 26) among Mexican-origin women recruited from community-based settings including health fairs, churches, and community events. Participants were eligible if they identified as Mexican-origin, had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, were 18-64 years of age, had the ability to speak, read, and write in English and/or Spanish, and provided informed consent. A purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit a subset of women (n = 26) with confirmed liver steatosis indicative of NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter ≥280 dB/m) who completed the questionnaire. The twenty-six participants then completed one on one, in-depth semi-structured interviews to ascertain their knowledge and understanding of NAFLD. Results: Qualitative findings revealed low awareness of risk factors for liver disease, NAFLD specifically. Knowledge of liver disease tended to center around cirrhosis, a condition many participants reported was prevalent in their families. Quantitative and qualitative findings both found information sources for NAFLD and liver disease to be predominantly friends, family, and media. Interviews revealed a misperception related to NAFLD risk that liver disease was only caused by high alcohol intake. Conclusion: Low levels of NAFLD awareness and knowledge warrant the need for greater efforts to educate the general population, perhaps by integrating NAFLD education into existing type 2 diabetes educational campaigns and prevention interventions. Additionally, further elicitation research conducted in Mexican-origin adults is needed to elucidate key factors within behavioral-theory constructs that can be targeted in future interventions tailored to this unique population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Morrill
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rebecca M Crocker
- Center for Border Health Disparities, Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Melanie D Hingle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David O Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Rincón Uribe FA, Godinho RCDS, Machado MAS, Oliveira KRDSG, Neira Espejo CA, de Sousa NCV, de Sousa LL, Barbalho MVM, Piani PPF, Pedroso JDS. Health knowledge, health behaviors and attitudes during pandemic emergencies: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256731. [PMID: 34492047 PMCID: PMC8423234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with good health knowledge present a conceptual and objective appropriation of general and specific health topics, increasing their probability to express health protection and prevention measures. The main objective of this study was to conduct a rapid systematic review about the effects of health knowledge on the adoption of health behaviors and attitudes in populations under pandemic emergencies. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA checklist and the Cochrane method for rapid systematic reviews. Studies searches were performed in APA PsycNet, Embase, Cochrane Library and PubMed Central. Studies published between January 2009 and June 2020 and whose primary results reported a measure of interaction between health knowledge, health attitudes and behaviors in population groups during pandemics were included. A review protocol was recorded in PROSPERO (CRD42020183347). RESULTS Out of a total of 5791 studies identified in the databases, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies contain a population of 26099 adults, grouped into cohorts of health workers, university students, clinical patients, and the general population. Health knowledge has an important influence on the adoption of health behaviors and attitudes in pandemic contexts. CONCLUSIONS The consolidation of these preventive measures favors the consolidation of public rapid responses to infection outbreaks. Findings of this review indicate that health knowledge notably favors adoption of health behaviors and practices. Therefore, health knowledge based on clear and objective information would help them understand and adopt rapid responses to face a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristian Ariel Neira Espejo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencia Sociales y Comunicación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Leonardo Lucas de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil
| | | | | | - Janari da Silva Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil
- Bolsista Produtividade CNPq - Nível 2, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Bell G, Holmes S, Gillespie S, Wood A, Murray BL. Images of dark skin in top emergency medicine journals: A cross-sectional analysis of images of emergent cutaneous disorders. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2021; 5:S76-S81. [PMID: 34616977 PMCID: PMC8480477 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emergency medicine (EM) physicians must recognize emergent cutaneous disorders (CDs) in patients of all skin tones. In other medical specialties, images of CDs in light-skinned individuals (LSI) are published more frequently than images of CDs in dark-skinned individuals (DSI). This study aims to determine the representation of LSI versus DSI in images of emergent CDs published in top EM journals. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of CD images published from 2015 to 2020 in the six most influential EM journals as determined by Eigenfactor. The 2016 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (EM Model) by the American Board of Emergency Medicine was used to classify CDs as "emergent," "nonemergent," or "not listed." The Fitzpatrick skin tone scale was used to classify skin tone as light, dark, or indeterminate. Two blinded reviewers classified each image; for disagreements, a third blinded reviewer determined the final classification. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were used to analyze the data. A kappa coefficient was used to determine reviewer agreement (LSI vs. DSI), and a weighted kappa coefficient was used for agreement between individual Fitzpatrick categories. RESULTS There were 314 images of CDs. Forty images were indeterminate, and one image was excluded, leaving 273. Of the 273 images analyzed, 44.0% were emergent, 8.0% were nonemergent, and 48.0% were not listed in the EM Model. DSI comprised 13.6% of images. For emergent CDs, 85.0% were LSI versus 15.0% DSI. For nonemergent CDs, 27.3% were DSI, and for CDs not listed in the EM Model, 9.9% were DSI. The kappa coefficient for reviewer agreement between LSI and DSI was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65 to 0.87) and the weighted kappa coefficient for agreement between Fitzpatrick categories was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.64 to 0.76), showing substantial agreement. CONCLUSION For emergent and nonemergent CDs, images of LSI were published more than those of DSI in top EM journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovonni Bell
- Emergency MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sherita Holmes
- Emergency MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Pediatric Emergency MedicineChildren’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Scott Gillespie
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Anna Wood
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Brittany L. Murray
- Emergency MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Pediatric Emergency MedicineChildren’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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13
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Akiyama MJ, Kronfli N, Cabezas J, Sheehan Y, Thurairajah PH, Lines R, Lloyd AR. Hepatitis C elimination among people incarcerated in prisons: challenges and recommendations for action within a health systems framework. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:391-400. [PMID: 33857445 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global public health problem in correctional settings. The International Network on Health and Hepatitis in Substance Users-Prisons Network is a special interest group committed to advancing scientific knowledge exchange and advocacy for HCV prevention and care in correctional settings. In this Review, we highlight seven priority areas and best practices for improving HCV care in correctional settings: changing political will, ensuring access to HCV diagnosis and testing, promoting optimal models of HCV care and treatment, improving surveillance and monitoring of the HCV care cascade, reducing stigma and tackling the social determinants of health inequalities, implementing HCV prevention and harm reduction programmes, and advancing prison-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Akiyama
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nadine Kronfli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joaquin Cabezas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; Marques de Valdecilla Research Institute, Santander, Spain
| | - Yumi Sheehan
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prem H Thurairajah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kirksey L, Sorour AA, Modlin C. COVID- 19 Vaccination: Potential Challenges and Reforms. J Natl Med Assoc 2021; 113:368-370. [PMID: 33608084 PMCID: PMC7886283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Minority groups continue to suffer disproportionately from COVID-19's impact, with Blacks and Hispanics three times more likely to die from the disease than their White counterparts. The COVID-19 vaccine roll out has the potential to provide relief to these most adversely impacted communities. However, historic mistrust within racial minority communities threatens to derail the effective implementation of a vaccination program. The origin of this mistrust is multifactorial. Current day experience with structural racism and research abuses like Tuskegee Study collectively influence our perception of biased healthcare system. We outline issues and propose solutions that must be addressed to achieve a successful vaccination agenda. Mishandling of public expectations at any point may lead to an avalanche of vaccine opposition which might be unrecoverable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kirksey
- Walter W. Buckley Endowed Chair, Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ahmed A Sorour
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charles Modlin
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Olanipekun T, Effoe VS, Olanipekun O, Igbinomwanhia E, Kola-Kehinde O, Fotzeu C, Bakinde N, Harris R. Factors influencing the uptake of influenza vaccination in African American patients with heart failure: Findings from a large urban public hospital. Heart Lung 2020; 49:233-237. [PMID: 31982176 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that annual influenza vaccination may prevent acute heart failure exacerbation episodes and improve survival. OBJECTIVE Determine the influenza vaccination rate among African American patients with heart failure and identify predictors of uptake. METHODS African American patients with heart failure were recruited at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta GA between October 1, 2017 and April 28, 2018 (N = 281). All participants completed a questionnaire. RESULTS Mean age of the sample was 50.5 ± 11.5 years (58% male). The influenza vaccination rate among the patients was 46% (n = 129/281). Patients who received vaccination information and recommendation from their physician, especially cardiologists, were significantly more likely to be vaccinated than those who did not (P<0.05). Major reasons for declining vaccination included fear of getting sick from influenza vaccine and distrust of the pharmaceutical companies that produce vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Recommendation of influenza vaccines by physicians during medical consultations and cardiology visits may improve uptake rates in heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilope Olanipekun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Valery S Effoe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Olalekan Olanipekun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Med. Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Efehi Igbinomwanhia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Med. Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Onaopepo Kola-Kehinde
- Department of Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Claudia Fotzeu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicolas Bakinde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rachael Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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16
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Baker BJ, Crane-Kramer G, Dee MW, Gregoricka LA, Henneberg M, Lee C, Lukehart SA, Mabey DC, Roberts CA, Stodder ALW, Stone AC, Winingear S. Advancing the understanding of treponemal disease in the past and present. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171 Suppl 70:5-41. [PMID: 31956996 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Syphilis was perceived to be a new disease in Europe in the late 15th century, igniting a debate about its origin that continues today in anthropological, historical, and medical circles. We move beyond this age-old debate using an interdisciplinary approach that tackles broader questions to advance the understanding of treponemal infection (syphilis, yaws, bejel, and pinta). How did the causative organism(s) and humans co-evolve? How did the related diseases caused by Treponema pallidum emerge in different parts of the world and affect people across both time and space? How are T. pallidum subspecies related to the treponeme causing pinta? The current state of scholarship in specific areas is reviewed with recommendations made to stimulate future work. Understanding treponemal biology, genetic relationships, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations is crucial for vaccine development today and for investigating the distribution of infection in both modern and past populations. Paleopathologists must improve diagnostic criteria and use a standard approach for recording skeletal lesions on archaeological human remains. Adequate contextualization of cultural and environmental conditions is necessary, including site dating and justification for any corrections made for marine or freshwater reservoir effects. Biogeochemical analyses may assess aquatic contributions to diet, physiological changes arising from treponemal disease and its treatments (e.g., mercury), or residential mobility of those affected. Shifting the focus from point of origin to investigating who is affected (e.g., by age/sex or socioeconomic status) and disease distribution (e.g., coastal/ inland, rural/urban) will advance our understanding of the treponemal disease and its impact on people through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Baker
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Gillian Crane-Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York
| | - Michael W Dee
- Centre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lesley A Gregoricka
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Lee
- Department of Anthropology, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sheila A Lukehart
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David C Mabey
- Communicable Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Ann L W Stodder
- Office of Archaeological Studies, The Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe, New Mexico
| | - Anne C Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Stevie Winingear
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Babalola OJ, Sambo MN, Idris SH, Ajayi IOO, Ajumobi O, Nguku P. Factors associated with utilization of LLINs among women of child-bearing age in Igabi, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Malar J 2019; 18:412. [PMID: 31823793 PMCID: PMC6902412 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are effective against prevention of malaria and its utilization has been proven to save lives. Despite the mass distribution of LLIN, Nigeria remains the country with the highest malaria burden in Africa. The awareness of LLIN in Nigeria is high, but the utilization is low. The aim of this work is to describe factors associated with the utilization of LLIN among women of child-bearing age (WCBA) in Igabi, Kaduna, Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 630 WCBA selected using a multi-stage sampling at 63 randomly selected villages in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Trained female data collectors administered pre-tested structured questionnaires adapted from the Malaria Indicator Survey. Information collected were demographic profile, knowledge of LLIN as a preventive strategy for malaria, and LLIN ownership and utilization. LLIN utilization was assessed by identifying household members that slept under the hanged LLIN the night before the survey. Questions on the awareness of LLIN, ability to define what it is, use of LLIN, what differentiates LLIN from other bed nets, and duration of use before replacement, were scored and categorized as good, average and poor knowledge of LLIN. RESULTS A total of 629 WCBA was sampled, their mean age (± SD) was 29.3 (± 6.2) years, 22.0% were pregnant, 40.5% had no formal education, 41.1% were employed, and 47.7% lived in rural communities. Awareness and good knowledge about LLINs for the prevention of malaria was 96.0% and 24.0%, respectively. The proportion of women who slept under a LLIN the night before the survey (utilization) was 70.0% and slightly higher (74.0%) among pregnant WCBA. Women who lived in rural communities were more likely to utilize LLINs compared to their urban counterparts (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.3-4.9). Younger women (aged < 30 years) were less likely to utilize LLINs compared to the older women (OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.9). CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of LLIN among WCBA was poor, but LLIN utilization was moderate. Living in rural communities and older WCBA were significant characteristics associated with LLIN utilization. Strategies that will improve the utilization of LLIN among the young and urban WCBA should be the focus of the Malaria Elimination Programme (MEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Obafemi J Babalola
- Liberia Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, National Public Health Institute, Congo Town, Montserrado, Liberia. .,Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (NFELTP), Asokoro District, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Mohammed N Sambo
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman H Idris
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ike-Oluwapo O Ajayi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Ajumobi
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (NFELTP), Asokoro District, Abuja, Nigeria.,National Malaria Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Patrick Nguku
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (NFELTP), Asokoro District, Abuja, Nigeria
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18
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Jackson ZA, Sherman LD. National college health assessment sampling: Organizational barriers preventing black participation and organizational solutions for appropriate representation. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:501-504. [PMID: 30285568 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1499647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This investigation longitudinally examined the participation of Black college students in the American College Health Association?s National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). Participants: All respondents to ACHA-NCHA from the years 2008, 2011, & 2014 were included in the analysis. Methods: This study compared the descriptive demographic student characteristics from the 2008, 2011, & 2014 ACHA-NCHA data to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) college enrollment for the corresponding years. Results: Despite constituting 14.5% of the total enrollment in 4-year universities and colleges from 2005 to 2013, Black students represented about 7% of the ACHA-NCHA respondents. Conclusion: Having a sample lacking valid representation of minorities can further lead to biased and flawed assumptions. Therefore, organizations such as ACHA should make concerted efforts to gather data that is reflective of national enrollment rates.
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Vernon LF. J. Marion Sims, MD: Why He and His Accomplishments Need to Continue to be Recognized a Commentary and Historical Review. J Natl Med Assoc 2019; 111:436-446. [PMID: 30851980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a fresh perspective on the work of J. Marion Sims, an Antebellum era physician who invented the vaginally speculum that bears his name. His accent to become the "Father of Modern Gynecology" was his groundbreaking development of the surgical techniques for the repair for vesicovaginal fistula. Recent scholarship, however, has pointed to the dark side of Sims in that his techniques were perfected through his use of Black slave women as his research subjects. In addition, he has been criticized for his failure to use anesthesia during his research operations. This article argues that Sims's work needs to be understood in a broader historical context and within the broader framework of other forms of human experimentation that took place in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. There is a strong argument that recent attempts to remove Sims from history also have the unintended consequence of removing the contributions of not only the Black slave women who were his subjects in the development of modern obstetrical medicine, but the important role Blacks played in the development of other medical procedures.
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Alsan M, Wanamaker M. TUSKEGEE AND THE HEALTH OF BLACK MEN. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 2018; 133:407-455. [PMID: 30505005 PMCID: PMC6258045 DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
JEL Codes: I14, O15 For forty years, the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male passively monitored hundreds of adult black males with syphilis despite the availability of effective treatment. The study's methods have become synonymous with exploitation and mistreatment by the medical profession. To identify the study's effects on the behavior and health of older black men, we use an interacted difference-in-difference-in-differences model, comparing older black men to other demographic groups, before and after the Tuskegee revelation, in varying proximity to the study's victims. We find that the disclosure of the study in 1972 is correlated with increases in medical mistrust and mortality and decreases in both outpatient and inpatient physician interactions for older black men. Our estimates imply life expectancy at age 45 for black men fell by up to 1.5 years in response to the disclosure, accounting for approximately 35% of the 1980 life expectancy gap between black and white men and 25% of the gap between black men and women.
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Garmendia CA, Bhansali N, Madhivanan P. Research Misconduct in FDA-Regulated Clinical Trials: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Warning Letters and Disqualification Proceedings. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2018; 52:592-605. [PMID: 29714564 DOI: 10.1177/2168479017749514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures that clinical trials meet regulatory and ethical standards through inspections of researchers, also known as clinical investigators. Inspections with significant regulatory/ethical violations may result in regulatory actions, such as a warning letter or a Notice of Initiation of Disqualification Proceedings and Opportunity to Explain (NIDPOE). Objectives included the standardization of regulatory violation themes cited by the FDA for novel analysis of published regulatory actions rate issued by study intervention type, violation theme by intervention type, and violation theme variation between regulatory action type. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of regulatory actions from October 1, 2006, to September 30, 2015, for inspections of researchers. For each FDA regulatory action, the main measure was the Code of Federal Regulations cited coded into a violation theme. Data were paired with FDA's published researcher inspection metrics to perform fiscal year analysis. RESULTS The FDA conducted 6375 domestic inspections of researchers in 2007 to 2015: 360 had significant regulatory violations, and 194 received published regulatory actions. Since 2007, rates of significant deviations have decreased. Medical device researchers had higher rates of warning letter issuance than did biologic product researchers. In contrast, medical device researchers had lower rates of NIDPOE issuance as compared to rates of biologic or pharmaceutical researchers. Lack of researcher supervision and submission of false information were cited more frequently for NIDPOEs. CONCLUSIONS Researcher compliance has significantly improved as evidenced by medical device researchers having the lowest rate of the most significant noncompliance. Disqualification is more likely to occur when researchers fail to supervise the trial or false information is submitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Garmendia
- 1 Office of Regulatory Affairs, US Food and Drug Administration, Miami Lakes, FL, USA.,2 Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neera Bhansali
- 3 Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- 2 Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Freimuth VS, Jamison AM, An J, Hancock GR, Quinn SC. Determinants of trust in the flu vaccine for African Americans and Whites. Soc Sci Med 2017; 193:70-79. [PMID: 29028558 PMCID: PMC5706780 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Trust is thought to be a major factor in vaccine decisions, but few studies have empirically tested the role of trust in adult immunization. Utilizing a 2015 national survey of African American and White adults (n = 1630), we explore multiple dimensions of trust related to influenza immunization, including generalized trust, trust in the flu vaccine, and trust in the vaccine production process. We find African Americans report lower trust than Whites across all trust measures. When considering demographic, racial, and ideological predictors, generalized trust shows statistically significant effects on both trust in the flu vaccine and trust in the vaccine process. When controlling for demographic, racial, and ideological variables, higher generalized trust was significantly associated with higher trust in the flu vaccine and the vaccine process. When controlling for generalized trust, in addition to the baseline covariates, psychosocial predictors (i.e. risk perception, social norms, knowledge) are significant predictors of trust in flu vaccine and trust in the vaccine process, with significant differences by race. These findings suggest that trust in vaccination is complex, and that significant differences in trust between White and African American adults may be contributing to disparities in influenza immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Freimuth
- Center for Health and Risk Communication (Emeritus), University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Amelia M Jamison
- Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ji An
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, College of Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gregory R Hancock
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, College of Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Crouse Quinn
- Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Trevethan R. Deconstructing and Assessing Knowledge and Awareness in Public Health Research. Front Public Health 2017; 5:194. [PMID: 28824900 PMCID: PMC5545880 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When people's knowledge and awareness are the subject of public health research, the meanings applied to the words knowledge and awareness are often unclear. Although frequently used interchangeably without that being problematic, these words sometimes appear to have different intended meanings but those meanings are not made explicit or, despite the meanings having been made explicit, they are not adhered to. It is necessary to overcome obscurities when knowledge and awareness are intended to represent different domains. This occurs when they are compared with each other; it also occurs when knowledge and awareness are assessed separately in relation to such variables as health behavior; physical, psychological, or socioeconomic statuses; gender; age; and ethnic backgrounds. For those particular research ventures, recommendations are made that knowledge be used to refer to information that is, to a greater or lesser extent, detailed and factual, and that awareness be associated with information that is personally relevant. Some suggestions are made, and issues are raised, about how the psychometric foundations for each of those two domains might be established prior to use in empirical research. Adopting the recommendations and suggestions made in this article provides opportunities for greater conceptual and empirical clarity and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Trevethan
- Independent academic researcher and author, Albury, NSW, Australia
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24
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Friesen P, Kearns L, Redman B, Caplan AL. Rethinking the Belmont Report? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2017; 17:15-21. [PMID: 28661753 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2017.1329482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article reflects on the relevance and applicability of the Belmont Report nearly four decades after its original publication. In an exploration of criticisms that have been raised in response to the report and of significant changes that have occurred within the context of biomedical research, five primary themes arise. These themes include the increasingly vague boundary between research and practice, unique harms to communities that are not addressed by the principle of respect for persons, and how growing complexity and commodification in research have shed light on the importance of transparency. The repercussions of Belmont's emphasis on the protection of vulnerable populations is also explored, as is the relationship between the report's ethical principles and their applications. It is concluded that while the Belmont Report was an impressive response to the ethical issues of its day, the field of research ethics involving human subjects may have outgrown it.
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Weisberg SM, Badgio D, Chatterjee A. A CRISPR New World: Attitudes in the Public toward Innovations in Human Genetic Modification. Front Public Health 2017; 5:117. [PMID: 28589120 PMCID: PMC5439143 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential to genetically modify human germlines has reached a critical tipping point with recent applications of CRISPR-Cas9. Even as researchers, clinicians, and ethicists weigh the scientific and ethical repercussions of these advances, we know virtually nothing about public attitudes on the topic. Understanding such attitudes will be critical to determining the degree of broad support there might be for any public policy or regulation developed for genetic modification research. To fill this gap, we gave an online survey to a large (2,493 subjects) and diverse sample of Americans. Respondents supported genetic modification research, although demographic variables influenced these attitudes—conservatives, women, African-Americans, and older respondents, while supportive, were more cautious than liberals, men, other ethnicities, and younger respondents. Support was also was slightly muted when the risks (unanticipated mutations and possibility of eugenics) were made explicit. The information about genetic modification was also presented as contrasting vignettes, using one of five frames: genetic editing, engineering, hacking, modification, or surgery. Despite the fact that the media and academic use of frames describing the technology varies, these frames did not influence people’s attitudes. These data contribute a current snapshot of public attitudes to inform policy with regard to human genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Weisberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Badgio
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anjan Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Rubincam C, Lacombe-Duncan A, Newman PA. Taking culture seriously in biomedical HIV prevention trials: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 15:331-47. [PMID: 26560332 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1118349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A substantial gap exists between widespread acknowledgement of the importance of incorporating cultural sensitivity in biomedical HIV prevention trials and empirical evidence to guide the operationalization of cultural sensitivity in these trials. We conducted a systematic literature search and qualitative meta-synthesis to explore how culture is conceptualized and operationalized in global biomedical HIV prevention trials. Across 29 studies, the majority (n = 17) were conducted in resource-limited settings. We identified four overarching themes: (1) semantic cultural sensitivity - challenges in communicating scientific terminology into local vernaculars; (2) instrumental cultural sensitivity - understanding historical experiences to guide tailoring of trial activities; (3) budgetary, logistical, and personnel implications of operationalizing cultural sensitivity; and (4) culture as an asset. Future investigations should address how sociocultural considerations are operationalized across the spectrum of trial preparedness, implementation, and dissemination in particular sociocultural contexts, including intervention studies and evaluations of the effectiveness of methods used to operationalize culturally sensitive practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rubincam
- a Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Ashley Lacombe-Duncan
- a Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Peter A Newman
- a Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Farr DE, Brandt HM, Comer KD, Jackson DD, Pandya K, Friedman DB, Ureda JR, Williams DG, Scott DB, Green W, Hébert JR. Cancer Research Participation Beliefs and Behaviors of a Southern Black Population: A Quantitative Analysis of the Role of Structural Factors in Cancer Research Participation. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2015; 30:522-529. [PMID: 25385692 PMCID: PMC4428991 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-014-0749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the participation of Blacks in cancer research is a vital component of a strategy to reduce racial inequities in cancer burden. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is especially well-suited to advancing our knowledge of factors that influence research participation to ultimately address cancer-related health inequities. A paucity of literature focuses on the role of structural factors limiting participation in cancer research. As part of a larger CBPR project, we used survey data from a statewide cancer needs assessment of a Black faith community to examine the influence of structural factors on attitudes toward research and the contributions of both structural and attitudinal factors on whether individuals participate in research. Regression analyses and non-parametric statistics were conducted on data from 727 adult survey respondents. Structural factors, such as having health insurance coverage, experiencing discrimination during health care encounters, and locale, predicted belief in the benefits, but not the risks, of research participation. Positive attitudes toward research predicted intention to participate in cancer research. Significant differences in structural and attitudinal factors were found between cancer research participants and non-participants; however, directionality is confounded by the cross-sectional survey design and causality cannot be determined. This study points to complex interplay of structural and attitudinal factors on research participation as well as need for additional quantitative examinations of the various types of factors that influence research participation in Black communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeonna E Farr
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA,
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Rogers CR, Goodson P. Male Role Norms, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Colorectal Cancer Screening among Young Adult African American Men. Front Public Health 2014; 2:252. [PMID: 25506049 PMCID: PMC4245902 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Racial disparities in health among African American men (AAM) in the United States are extensive. In contrast to their White counterparts, AAM have more illnesses and die younger. AAM have colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates 25% and 50% higher, respectively, than White men. Due to CRC's younger age at presentation and high incidence among AAM, CRC screening (CRCS) is warranted at the age of 45 rather than 50, but little is known about younger AAM's views of CRCS. Employing survey design, the purpose of the study was to describe the male role norms (MRN), knowledge, attitudes, perceived subjective norms, and perceived barriers associated with screening for CRC among a non-random sample of 157 young adult AAM (ages 19-45). Sixty-seven percent of the study sample received a passing knowledge score (85% or better), yet no significant differences were found among the three educational levels (i.e., low, medium, high). More negative attitudes toward CRCS correlated with the participants' strong perceptions of barriers, but no extremely negative or positive MRN and perceived subjective norms were found. The factors significantly associated with attitudes were family history of cancer (unsure), work status, and perceived barriers. Findings from this study provide a solid basis for developing structured health education interventions that address the salient factors shaping young adult AAM's view of CRC and early detection screening behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Rogers
- Program in Health Disparities Research, Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Goodson
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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29
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Romero HR, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Gwyther LP, Edmonds HL, Plassman BL, Germain CM, McCart M, Hayden KM, Pieper C, Roses AD. Community engagement in diverse populations for Alzheimer disease prevention trials. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2014; 28:269-74. [PMID: 24614272 PMCID: PMC4139415 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of asymptomatic volunteers has been identified as a critical factor that is delaying the development and validation of preventive therapies for Alzheimer disease (AD). Typical recruitment strategies involve the use of convenience samples or soliciting participation of older adults with a family history of AD from clinics and outreach efforts. However, high-risk groups, such as ethnic/racial minorities, are traditionally less likely to be recruited for AD prevention studies, thus limiting the ability to generalize findings for a significant proportion of the aging population. A community-engagement approach was used to create a registry of 2311 research-ready, healthy adult volunteers who reflect the ethnically diverse local community. Furthermore, the registry's actual commitment to research was examined, through demonstrated participation rates in a clinical study. The approach had varying levels of success in establishing a large, diverse pool of individuals who are interested in participating in pharmacological prevention trials and meet the criteria for primary prevention research trials designed to delay the onset of AD. Our efforts suggest that entry criteria for the clinical trials need to be carefully considered to be inclusive of African Americans, and that sustained effort is needed to engage African Americans in pharmacological prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Romero
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Psychology
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
| | - Lisa P Gwyther
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
| | - Henry L Edmonds
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
| | - Cassandra M Germain
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michelle McCart
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
| | - Carl Pieper
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
| | - Allen D. Roses
- Duke University Medical Center, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Durham, NC
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Chapel Hill, NC
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Abstract
African Americans, compared to Whites, are starkly underrepresented in scientific and technological professions, are especially reluctant to participate as research subjects, and they express attitudes that are skeptical of science and scientific institutions. This article seeks to explain the racial gap in confidence in science (race being socially defined), putting to empirical test explanations suggested by research on human capital, inequality in educational opportunity, and culture. The results show that differential returns to schooling account for about a third of the racial divide, with various cultural mechanisms explaining most of the balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Plutzer
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Williams L, Gorman R, Hankerson S. Implementing a mental health ministry committee in faith-based organizations: the promoting emotional wellness and spirituality program. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2014; 53:414-34. [PMID: 24717187 PMCID: PMC4000587 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2014.880391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Social workers have successfully collaborated with African-American faith-based organizations to improve health outcomes for numerous medical conditions. However, the literature on Faith-Based Health Promotion for major depression is sparse. Thus, the authors describe a program used to implement a Mental Health Ministry Committee in African-American churches. Program goals are to educate clergy, reduce stigma, and promote treatment seeking for depression. Key lessons learned are to initially form partnerships with church staff if there is not a preexisting relationship with the lead pastor, to utilize a community-based participatory approach, and to have flexibility in program implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laverne Williams
- a Mental Health Association in New Jersey , Verona , New Jersey , USA
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Rivers D, August EM, Sehovic I, Lee Green B, Quinn GP. A systematic review of the factors influencing African Americans' participation in cancer clinical trials. Contemp Clin Trials 2013; 35:13-32. [PMID: 23557729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the existing evidence regarding key considerations influencing African Americans' participation in cancer clinical trials (CCTs). METHODS The PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed publications during the last decade (2002-2011) that met our inclusionary criteria. Our search utilized Boolean combinations of the following terms: "clinical trial"; "cancer"; "neoplasm"; "African American"; "Black"; "caregiver"; "decision making"; "recruitment"; "companion"; "family"; "significant other"; and "social support". RESULTS A total of 267 articles were identified in the database searches. Of these articles, a total of 31 were determined to meet the inclusion criteria and were retained for review. Key issues that emerged as impediments to a successful recruitment of African Americans to CCTs included negative attitudes towards clinical trials, low levels of knowledge and awareness regarding CCTs, religious beliefs, and structural barriers, such as transportation, childcare, and access to health care. Recommendations from physicians, family members, and friends may promote CCT participation. Multimedia, and culturally-appropriate recruitment approaches may also be effective in soliciting participation among African Americans. CONCLUSION Existing research underscores the importance of social support from family and friends, cultural appropriateness and sensitivity from physicians and in the design of the CCT, and enhanced education among African Americans in decision-making processes. As African Americans are underrepresented in CCTs, targeted strategies to enhance recruitment efforts and improve cancer treatment outcomes are essential.
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Socioeconomic determinants associated with willingness to participate in medical research among a diverse population. Contemp Clin Trials 2012; 33:1197-205. [PMID: 22885788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although it is federally-mandated that racial/ethnic minorities be included in research studies, recruiting diverse populations remains a challenge. This is particularly difficult when research involves children. The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes and beliefs toward medical research among a racially and socioeconomically diverse population of parents of school children. METHODS A cross-sectional parent-report survey was conducted in New York City public elementary schools using stratified random selection to obtain a diverse population. Fear of medical research and likelihood to participate in medical research were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Differences in fear/likelihood to participate in research across race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS In general, parents were afraid of their child "being treated as a guinea pig", but were willing to allow their child to participate in research if asked by their own doctor. Factors associated with a lower score on fear toward research were; primary language other than English (OR=0.59), access to an interpreter (OR=0.73) and access to medical service within a day (OR=0.51). Latinos had the highest fear score (OR=1.87) compared to Whites. Asians were the ethnic group most likely to participate in research (OR=1.71). Low education level (OR=2.18) and public health insurance (OR=1.37) were associated with a higher score for likelihood of allowing one's child to participate in medical research. CONCLUSION Minority parents reported more fear of allowing their children to participate in medical research, but were as likely to consent their children's participation, especially if asked by their own physician.
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34
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Jargin SV. [Limited access to the international medical literature in Russia]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2012; 162:272-5. [PMID: 22688620 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-012-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Limited access to foreign professional literature in the former Soviet Union had consequences for public health: persistence of some outdated methods and approaches. Several examples are discussed in this letter. The shortage of foreign literature has been partly compensated by domestic editions, sometimes containing compilations from foreign sources, borrowings without references, and mistranslations. International literature is on average scarcely quoted in Russian language scientific publications. Today, however, there are grounds for optimism: the economic upturn must bring improvements.
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Braun KL, Nguyen TT, Tanjasiri SP, Campbell J, Heiney SP, Brandt HM, Smith SA, Blumenthal DS, Hargreaves M, Coe K, Ma GX, Kenerson D, Patel K, Tsark J, Hébert JR. Operationalization of community-based participatory research principles: assessment of the national cancer institute's community network programs. Am J Public Health 2012; 102:1195-203. [PMID: 22095340 PMCID: PMC3292685 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined how National Cancer Institute-funded Community Network Programs (CNPs) operationalized principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR). METHODS We reviewed the literature and extant CBPR measurement tools. On the basis of that review, we developed a 27-item questionnaire for CNPs to self-assess their operationalization of 9 CBPR principles. Our team comprised representatives of 9 of the National Cancer Institute's 25 CNPs. RESULTS Of the 25 CNPs, 22 (88%) completed the questionnaire. Most scored well on CBPR principles of recognizing community as a unit of identity, building on community strengths, facilitating colearning, embracing iterative processes in developing community capacity, and achieving a balance between data generation and intervention. CNPs varied in the extent to which they employed CBPR principles of addressing determinants of health, sharing power among partners, engaging the community in research dissemination, and striving for sustainability. CONCLUSIONS Although the development of assessment tools in this field is in its infancy, our findings suggest that fidelity to CBPR processes can be assessed in a variety of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Braun
- Office of Public Health Studies, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Wataha JC. Predicting clinical biological responses to dental materials. Dent Mater 2012; 28:23-40. [PMID: 22192249 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methods used to measure and predict clinical biological responses to dental materials remain controversial, confusing, and to some extent, unsuccessful. The current paper reviews significant issues surrounding how we assess the biological safety of materials, with a historical summary and critical look at the biocompatibility literature. The review frames these issues from a U.S. perspective to some degree, but emphasizes their global nature and universal importance. METHODS The PubMed database and information from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, International Standards Organization, and American National Standards Institute were searched for prominent literature addressing the definition of biocompatibility, types of biological tests employed, regulatory and standardization issues, and how biological tests are used together to establish the biological safety of materials. The search encompassed articles published in English from approximately 1965-2011. The review does not comprehensively review the literature, but highlights significant issues that confront the field. RESULTS Years ago, tests for biological safety sought to establish material inertness as the measure of safety, a criterion that is now deemed naive; the definition of biocompatibility has broadened along with the roles for materials in patient oral health care. Controversies persist about how in vitro or animal tests should be used to evaluate the biological safety of materials for clinical use. Controlled clinical trials remain the single best measure of the clinical response to materials, but even these tests have significant limitations and are less useful to identify mechanisms that shape material performance. Practice-based research networks and practitioner databases are emerging as important supplements to controlled clinical trials, but their final utility remains to be determined. SIGNIFICANCE Today we ask materials to play increasingly sophisticated structural and therapeutic roles in patient treatment. To accommodate these roles, strategies to assess, predict, and monitor material safety need to evolve. This evolution will be driven not only by researchers and manufacturers, but also by patients and practitioners, who want to use novel materials in new ways to treat oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Wataha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, United States.
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Davis JL, Green BL, Katz RV. Influence of scary beliefs about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study on willingness to participate in research. THE ABNF JOURNAL : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF BLACK NURSING FACULTY IN HIGHER EDUCATION, INC 2012; 23:59-62. [PMID: 22924230 PMCID: PMC3776318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether scary/alarming beliefs about details on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (TSS) are associated with willingness and/or fear to participate in biomedical research. METHODS Scary beliefs about TSS were examined for 565 Black and White adults who had heard of the TSS. Multivariate analyses by race were used to measure association. RESULTS No association between scary beliefs and willingness or fear to participate in research was found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide additional evidence that awareness or detailed knowledge about the TSS does not appear today to be a major factor influencing Blacks' willingness to participate in research.
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Mays VM, Coles CN, Cochran SD. Is there a legacy of the U.S. Public Health Syphilis Study at Tuskegee in HIV/AIDS-related beliefs among heterosexual African-Americans and Latinos? ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2012; 22:461-471. [PMID: 23308036 PMCID: PMC3539790 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2012.730805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the US Public Health Syphilis Study at Tuskegee is sometime cited as a principal reason for the relatively low participation rates seen among racial/ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans, in biomedical research. However, only a few studies have actually explored this possibility. We use data from a random digit dial telephone survey of 510 African-Americans and 253 Latinos, age 18 to 45 years, to investigate associations between knowledge of the USPHS Syphilis Study at Tuskegee and endorsement of HIV/AIDS conspiracy theories. All respondents were drawn from an area of low-income, predominantly race-segregated inner city households in Los Angeles. Results indicate that African Americans were significantly more likely than Latinos to endorse HIV/AIDS conspiracy theories. Further, African Americans were more aware of the USPHS Syphilis Study at Tuskegee (SST). Nevertheless, 72% of African Americans and 94% of Latinos reported that they have never heard of the Syphilis Study at Tuskegee. Further, while awareness of the Syphilis Study at Tuskegee was a significant predictor of endorsing HIV/AIDS conspiracy theories, results suggest that other factors may be more important in accounting for low biomedical and behavioral study participation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie M Mays
- Departments of Psychology and Health Services and UCLA Center for Bridging Research, Innovation, Training and Education for Minority Health Disparities Solutions
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Poythress N, Epstein M, Stiles P, Edens JF. Awareness of the Tuskegee syphilis study: impact on offenders' decisions to decline research participation. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2011; 29:821-828. [PMID: 21984035 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ethnic and racial minorities are often under-represented in research. There is considerable speculation that Blacks, in particular, are discouraged from research participation because of researcher improprieties in the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Syphilis Study at Tuskegee (aka the Tuskegee Syphilis Study [TSS]), a 40-year (1932-1972) study in which investigators withheld medical treatment from African-American men infected with syphilis. We debriefed 281 offenders who declined participation in a research study to assess the extent to which knowledge of the TSS impacted their decisions not to enroll. Relatively few (44/281; 15.6%) reported awareness of the TSS. Half (n = 22) of these "aware" individuals could cite factually accurate information about the TSS, and only four individuals indicated that awareness of TSS had "somewhat" influenced their decision to not participate. Findings suggest that the legacy of the TSS played a relatively minor role in these offenders' decisions to decline research participation.
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Chiu CT, Katz RV. Identifying the “vulnerables” in biomedical research: the vox populis from the Tuskegee Legacy Project. J Public Health Dent 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Green BL, Li L, Morris JF, Gluzman R, Davis JL, Wang MQ, Katz RV. Detailed knowledge of the Tuskegee syphilis study: who knows what? A framework for health promotion strategies. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2011; 38:629-36. [PMID: 21482701 DOI: 10.1177/1090198110391529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This report explores the level of detailed knowledge about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (TSS) among 848 Blacks and Whites in three U.S. cities across an array of demographic variables. The Tuskegee Legacy Project (TLP) Questionnaire was used, which was designed to explore the willingness of minorities to participate in biomedical studies. A component of the TLP Questionnaire, the TSS Facts & Myths Quiz, consisting of seven yes/no factual questions, was used to establish respondents' level of detailed knowledge on the TSS. Both Blacks and Whites had similar very low mean quiz score on the 7-point scale, with Blacks' scores being slightly higher than Whites (1.2 vs. 0.9, p = .003). When analyzing the level of knowledge between racial groups by various demographic variables, several patterns emerged: (a) higher education levels were associated with higher levels of detailed knowledge and (b) for both Blacks and Whites, 30 to 59 years old knew the most about TSS compared with younger and older adult age groups. The findings show that much of the information that circulates in the Black and White communities about the TSS is false, often minimizing or understating the most egregious injustices that occurred. Health promotion and educational implications of these findings are offered and conclude that the findings should be used as a catalyst to explore local realities and sentiments regarding participation in biomedical research within the research philosophy and framework of community-based participatory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lee Green
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Chiu CT, Katz RV. Identifying the "vulnerables" in biomedical research: the vox populis from the Tuskegee Legacy Project. J Public Health Dent 2011; 71:220-228. [PMID: 21972462 PMCID: PMC3188949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report presents, for the first time, findings on the vox populis as to who constitutes the "vulnerables in biomedical research" METHODS The 3-City Tuskegee Legacy Project (TLP) study used the TLP questionnaire as administered via random-digit-dial telephone interviews to 1162 adult Black people, non-Hispanic White people, and two Puerto Rican (PR) Hispanic groups: Mainland United States and San Juan (SJ) in three cities. The classification schema was based upon respondents' answers to an open-ended question asking which groups of people were the most vulnerable when participating in biomedical research. RESULTS Subjects provided 749 valid open-ended responses, which were grouped into 29 direct response categories, leading to a four-tier classification schema for vulnerability traits. Tier 1, the summary tier, had five vulnerability categories: (1) Race/ ethnicity; (2) Age; (3) SES; (4) Health; and, (5) Gender. Black people and Mainland United States PR Hispanics most frequently identified Race/Ethnicity as a vulnerability trait (42.1 percent of Black people and 42.6 percent of Mainland United States. PR Hispanics versus 15.4 percent of White people and 16.7 percent of SJ R Hispanics) (P < 0.007), while White people and SJ PR Hispanics most frequently identified Age (48.3 percent and 29.2 percent) as a vulnerability trait. CONCLUSIONS The response patterns on "who was vulnerable" were similar for the two minority groups (Black people and Mainland US PR Hispanics), and notably different from the response patterns of the two majority groups (White people and SJ PR Hispanics). Further, the vox populis definition of vulnerables differed from the current official definitions as used by the U.S. federal government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Chiu
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, NYU College of Dentistry, 250 Park Ave South, NY, NY 10003, USA
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Heiney SP, Adams SA, Wells LM, Johnson H. Evaluation of conceptual framework for recruitment of African American patients with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2010; 37:E160-7. [PMID: 20439201 PMCID: PMC2946071 DOI: 10.1188/10.onf.e160-e167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the Heiney-Adams Recruitment Framework (H-ARF); to delineate a recruitment plan for a randomized, behavioral trial (RBT) based on H-ARF; and to provide evaluation data on its implementation. DATA SOURCES All data for this investigation originated from a recruitment database created for an RBT designed to test the effectiveness of a therapeutic group convened via teleconference for African American women with breast cancer. DATA SYNTHESIS Major H-ARF concepts include social marketing and relationship building. The majority of social marketing strategies yielded 100% participant recruitment. Greater absolute numbers were recruited via Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act waivers. Using H-ARF yielded a high recruitment rate (66%). CONCLUSIONS Application of H-ARF led to successful recruitment in an RBT. The findings highlight three areas that researchers should consider when devising recruitment plans: absolute numbers versus recruitment rate, cost, and efficiency with institutional review board-approved access to protected health information. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING H-ARF may be applied to any clinical or population-based research setting because it provides direction for researchers to develop a recruitment plan based on the target audience and cultural attributes that may hinder or help recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue P Heiney
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Bastida EM, Tseng TS, McKeever C, Jack L. Ethics and community-based participatory research: perspectives from the field. Health Promot Pract 2010; 11:16-20. [PMID: 20038649 DOI: 10.1177/1524839909352841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the importance of ethical issues in the conduct of community-based participatory research (CBPR) continues to be an important topic for researchers and practitioners. This article uses the Beyond Sabor Project, a CBPR project implemented in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, as a case example to discuss ethical issues such as the importance of increasing community involvement in research, ensuring that communities benefit from the research, sharing leadership roles, and sensitive issues regarding data collection and sharing. Thereafter, this article concludes with a brief discussion of six principles that can inform the practice of ethical conduct when implementing CBPR studies. This article also lists additional reading resources on the importance of ethics in the conduct of CBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Bastida
- Research in the School of Public Health at the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Texas 76107-2699, USA.
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Schwartz S, Hoyte J, James T, Conoscenti L, Johnson R, Liebschutz J. Challenges to Engaging Black Male Victims of Community Violence in Healthcare Research: Lessons Learned From Two Studies. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY 2010; 2:54-62. [PMID: 20526412 DOI: 10.1037/a0019020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A dearth of literature exists on barriers to conducting research with Black male victims of community violence, despite the need for evidence-based postinjury interventions. This study used qualitative data from a cross-sectional interview study (n = 16) and a pilot intervention study (n = 11) conducted in Boston, MA to identify challenges and facilitators to conducting research with Black male victims of community violence, particularly with regard to recruitment and maintenance of a study sample. Qualitative methods, including Grounded Theory and ethnography, were used to analyze the data. Challenges included a fear of police involvement, an impression of "snitching" when disclosing personal information, mistrust of research motives, suspicion of the informed consent process, the emotional impact of the trauma itself, and logistical issues. Facilitators to research included monetary incentives and motivation to help oneself and others. Participant recommendations on recruitment methods relating to approach and timing are provided. Findings from this study may assist in the planning of research studies for Black male victims of community violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Schwartz
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit
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Community-based participatory research: a review of the literature with strategies for community engagement. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2009; 30:350-61. [PMID: 19672162 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181b0ef14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Curry WT, Barker FG. Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2009; 93:25-39. [PMID: 19430880 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in American health care based on socially-defined patient characteristics such as race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic position are well-documented. We review differences and disparities in incidence, pathobiology, processes and outcomes of care, and survival based on social factors for brain tumors of all histologies. In the US, black patients have lower incidences of most brain tumor types and lower-income patients have lower incidences of low grade glioma, meningioma and acoustic neuroma; ascertainment bias may contribute to these findings. Pathogenetic differences between malignant gliomas in patients of different races have been demonstrated, but their clinical significance is unclear. Patients in disadvantaged groups are less often treated by high-volume providers. Mortality and morbidity of initial treatment are higher for brain tumor patients in disadvantaged groups, and they present with markers of more severe disease. Long term survival differences between malignant glioma patients of different races have not yet been shown. Clinical trial enrollment appears to be lower among brain tumor patients from disadvantaged groups. We propose future research both to better define disparities and to alleviate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Curry
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Ethics and regulatory aspects in medical research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY & OCCLUSION MEDICINE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12548-009-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Katz RV, Green BL, Kressin NR, Kegeles SS, Wang MQ, James SA, Russell SL, Claudio C, McCallum JM. The legacy of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: assessing its impact on willingness to participate in biomedical studies. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2008; 19:1168-80. [PMID: 19029744 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.0.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The phrase, 'legacy of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study', is sometimes used to denote the belief that Blacks are more reluctant than Whites to participate in biomedical research studies because of the infamous study of syphilis in men run by the U.S. Public Health Service from 1932-72. This paper is the first to attempt to assess directly the accuracy of this belief within a multi-city, multi-racial, large-scale, detailed random survey. We administered the Tuskegee Legacy Project (TLP) Questionnaire to 826 Blacks and non-Hispanic White adults in three U.S. cities. While Blacks had higher levels of general awareness of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, there was no association between either awareness or detailed knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and willingness to participate in biomedical research, either for Blacks or Whites observed in our survey. While this study refutes the notion that there is a direct connection between detailed knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and willingness to participate in biomedical research, it does not assess the broader question of whether and how historical events influence people's willingness to participate in research. Future studies should explore this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph V Katz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, New York University, 250 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Katz RV, Wang MQ, Green BL, Kressin NR, Claudio C, Russell SL, Sommervil C. Participation in biomedical research studies and cancer screenings: perceptions of risks to minorities compared with whites. Cancer Control 2008; 15:344-51. [PMID: 18813202 DOI: 10.1177/107327480801500409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This analysis was conducted to determine whether there is a difference among blacks, Hispanics, and whites in their perception of risks associated with participating in either a biomedical study or a cancer screening. METHODS The Tuskegee Legacy Project Questionnaire, which focused on research subject participation, was administered in two different surveys (1999-2000 and 2003) in seven cities. The Cancer Screening Questionnaire was administered in 2003 in three cities. RESULTS The study sample across the three surveys consisted of 1,064 blacks, 781 Hispanics, and 1,598 non-Hispanic whites. Response rates ranged from 44% to 70% by city. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and city, revealed that blacks and Hispanics each self-reported that minorities, compared with whites, are more likely to be "taken advantage of" in biomedical studies and much less likely to get a "thorough and careful examination" in a cancer screening (odds ratios ranged from 3.6 to 14.2). CONCLUSIONS Blacks and Hispanics perceive equally high levels of risk for participating in cancer screening examinations and for volunteering to become research subjects in biomedical studies. This perception provides a strong message about the need to overtly address this critical health disparities issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph V Katz
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, NY 10012, USA.
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