1
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Kolomeets NS, Uranova NA. Deficit of satellite oligodendrocytes of neurons in the rostral part of the head of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01869-x. [PMID: 39073446 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates compromised myelin integrity and oligodendrocyte abnormalities in the dysfunction of neuronal networks in schizophrenia. We previously reported a deficiency of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL), oligodendrocyte progenitors (OP) and satellite oligodendrocytes of neurons (Sat-OL) in the prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal cortex - cortical hubs of the frontoparietal cognitive network and default mode network (DMN) altered in schizophrenia. Deficiency of OL and OP was also detected in the head of the caudate nucleus (HCN), which accumulates cortical projections from the associative cortex and is the central node of these networks. However, the number of Sat-Ol per neuron in schizophrenia has not been studied in the HCN. In the current study we estimated the number of Sat-Ol per neuron in the rostral part of the HCN in schizophrenia (n = 18) compared to healthy controls (n = 18) in the same section collection that was previously used to study the number Ol and OP. We found a significant decrease of the number of Sat-Ol per neuron (- 50%, p < 0.001) in schizophrenia as compared to normal controls. Considering that the rostral part of the HCN is an individual network-specific projection zone of the DMN, the deficit of Sat-Ol found in schizophrenia may be related to the dysfunctional DMN-HCN connections, which has been repeatedly described in schizophrenia. The dramatic decrease of the number of Sat-Ol per neuron may be partially related to a pronounced excess of dopamine concentration in the rostral part of the HCN in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Kolomeets
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 34, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - N A Uranova
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 34, Moscow, 115522, Russia.
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2
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Barbaresi P, Fabri M, Lorenzi T, Sagrati A, Morroni M. Intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393000. [PMID: 39035452 PMCID: PMC11259024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum-the largest commissural fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres-is considered essential for bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions. Most studies exploring the corpus callosum have examined either the anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical organization of callosal projections or the functional and/or behavioral aspects of the callosal connections after complete/partial callosotomy or callosal lesion. There are no works that address the intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. We review the existing information on the activities that take place in the commissure in three sections: I) the topographical and neurochemical organization of the intracallosal fibers, II) the role of glia in the corpus callosum, and III) the role of the intracallosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barbaresi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Teresa Lorenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sagrati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Manrico Morroni
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ancona, Italy
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3
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Pascual-García M, Unkel M, Slotman JA, Bolleboom A, Bouwen B, Houtsmuller AB, Dirven C, Gao Z, Hijazi S, Kushner SA. Morphological correlates of pyramidal cell axonal myelination in mouse and human neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae147. [PMID: 38610088 PMCID: PMC11014882 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The axons of neocortical pyramidal neurons are frequently myelinated. Heterogeneity in the topography of axonal myelination in the cerebral cortex has been attributed to a combination of electrophysiological activity, axonal morphology, and neuronal-glial interactions. Previously, we showed that axonal segment length and caliber are critical local determinants of fast-spiking interneuron myelination. However, the factors that determine the myelination of individual axonal segments along neocortical pyramidal neurons remain largely unexplored. Here, we used structured illumination microscopy to examine the extent to which axonal morphology is predictive of the topography of myelination along neocortical pyramidal neurons. We identified critical thresholds for axonal caliber and interbranch distance that are necessary, but not sufficient, for myelination of pyramidal cell axons in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Specifically, we found that pyramidal neuron axonal segments with a caliber < 0.24 μm or interbranch distance < 18.10 μm are rarely myelinated. Moreover, we further confirmed that these findings in mice are similar for human neocortical pyramidal cell myelination (caliber < 0.25 μm, interbranch distance < 19.00 μm), suggesting that this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. Taken together, our findings suggest that axonal morphology is a critical correlate of the topography and cell-type specificity of neocortical myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pascual-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits Unkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bolleboom
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Bibi Bouwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Hijazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
- SNF Center for Precision Psychiatry & Mental Health, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
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4
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Soares ÉN, Costa ACDS, Ferrolho GDJ, Ureshino RP, Getachew B, Costa SL, da Silva VDA, Tizabi Y. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:474. [PMID: 38534318 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address neuronal loss and the progression of the disease. It has been well established that neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) can regulate DA release and that nicotine itself may have neuroprotective effects. Recent studies identified nAChRs in nonneuronal cell types, including glial cells, where they may regulate inflammatory responses. Given the crucial role of neuroinflammation in dopaminergic degeneration and the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in this response, glial nAChRs may provide a novel therapeutic target in the prevention and/or treatment of PD. In this review, following a brief discussion of PD, we focus on the role of glial cells and, specifically, their nAChRs in PD pathology and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Dos Santos Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Jesus Ferrolho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09961-400, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Li J, Miramontes TG, Czopka T, Monk KR. Synaptic input and Ca 2+ activity in zebrafish oligodendrocyte precursor cells contribute to myelin sheath formation. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:219-231. [PMID: 38216650 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In the nervous system, only one type of neuron-glial synapse is known to exist: that between neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), yet their composition, assembly, downstream signaling and in vivo functions remain largely unclear. Here, we address these questions using in vivo microscopy in zebrafish spinal cord and identify postsynaptic molecules PSD-95 and gephyrin in OPCs. The puncta containing these molecules in OPCs increase during early development and decrease upon OPC differentiation. These puncta are highly dynamic and frequently assemble at 'hotspots'. Gephyrin hotspots and synapse-associated Ca2+ activity in OPCs predict where a subset of myelin sheaths forms in differentiated oligodendrocytes. Further analyses reveal that spontaneous synaptic release is integral to OPC Ca2+ activity, while evoked synaptic release contributes only in early development. Finally, disruption of the synaptic genes dlg4a/dlg4b, gphnb and nlgn3b impairs OPC differentiation and myelination. Together, we propose that neuron-OPC synapses are dynamically assembled and can predetermine myelination patterns through Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Li
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | - Tim Czopka
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kelly R Monk
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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6
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Da X, Hempel E, Ou Y, Rowe OE, Malchano Z, Hajós M, Kern R, Megerian JT, Cimenser A. Noninvasive Gamma Sensory Stimulation May Reduce White Matter and Myelin Loss in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:359-372. [PMID: 38073386 PMCID: PMC10789351 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate progressive white matter atrophy and myelin loss. Restoring myelin content or preventing demyelination has been suggested as a therapeutic approach for AD. OBJECTIVE Herein, we investigate the effects of non-invasive, combined visual and auditory gamma-sensory stimulation on white matter atrophy and myelin content loss in patients with AD. METHODS In this study, we used the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the OVERTURE study (NCT03556280), a randomized, controlled, clinical trial in which active treatment participants received daily, non-invasive, combined visual and auditory, 40 Hz stimulation for six months. A subset of OVERTURE participants who meet the inclusion criteria for detailed white matter (N = 38) and myelin content (N = 36) assessments are included in the analysis. White matter volume assessments were performed using T1-weighted MRI, and myelin content assessments were performed using T1-weighted/T2-weighted MRI. Treatment effects on white matter atrophy and myelin content loss were assessed. RESULTS Combined visual and auditory gamma-sensory stimulation treatment is associated with reduced total and regional white matter atrophy and myelin content loss in active treatment participants compared to sham treatment participants. Across white matter structures evaluated, the most significant changes were observed in the entorhinal region. CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest that combined visual and auditory gamma-sensory stimulation may modulate neuronal network function in AD in part by reducing white matter atrophy and myelin content loss. Furthermore, the entorhinal region MRI outcomes may have significant implications for early disease intervention, considering the crucial afferent connections to the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Da
- Cognito Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan Hempel
- Cognito Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mihály Hajós
- Cognito Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralph Kern
- Cognito Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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7
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Benarroch E. What Are the Roles of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in Normal and Pathologic Conditions? Neurology 2023; 101:958-965. [PMID: 37985182 PMCID: PMC10663025 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
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8
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Buchanan J, da Costa NM, Cheadle L. Emerging roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in neural circuit development and remodeling. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:628-639. [PMID: 37286422 PMCID: PMC10524797 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are non-neuronal brain cells that give rise to oligodendrocytes, glia that myelinate the axons of neurons in the brain. Classically known for their contributions to myelination via oligodendrogenesis, OPCs are increasingly appreciated to play diverse roles in the nervous system, ranging from blood vessel formation to antigen presentation. Here, we review emerging literature suggesting that OPCs may be essential for the establishment and remodeling of neural circuits in the developing and adult brain via mechanisms that are distinct from the production of oligodendrocytes. We discuss the specialized features of OPCs that position these cells to integrate activity-dependent and molecular cues to shape brain wiring. Finally, we place OPCs within the context of a growing field focused on understanding the importance of communication between neurons and glia in the contexts of both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Buchanan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Lucas Cheadle
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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9
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Zhou Y, Zhang J. Neuronal activity and remyelination: new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advancements. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221890. [PMID: 37564376 PMCID: PMC10410458 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the role of neuronal activity in myelin regeneration and the related neural signaling pathways. The article points out that neuronal activity can stimulate the formation and regeneration of myelin, significantly improve its conduction speed and neural signal processing ability, maintain axonal integrity, and support axonal nutrition. However, myelin damage is common in various clinical diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, and schizophrenia. Although myelin regeneration exists in these diseases, it is often incomplete and cannot promote functional recovery. Therefore, seeking other ways to improve myelin regeneration in clinical trials in recent years is of great significance. Research has shown that controlling neuronal excitability may become a new intervention method for the clinical treatment of demyelinating diseases. The article discusses the latest research progress of neuronal activity on myelin regeneration, including direct or indirect stimulation methods, and the related neural signaling pathways, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, purinergic and voltage-gated ion channel signaling pathways, revealing that seeking treatment strategies to promote myelin regeneration through precise regulation of neuronal activity has broad prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Scheinok TJ, D'Haeseleer M, Nagels G, De Bundel D, Van Schependom J. Neuronal activity and NIBS in developmental myelination and remyelination - current state of knowledge. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 226:102459. [PMID: 37127087 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelinating central nervous system (CNS) axons. and rapid electrical transmission through saltatory conduction of action potentials. Myelination and myelin repair rely partially on oligodendrogenesis, which comprises. oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) migration, maturation, and differentiation into. oligodendrocytes (OL). In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination occurs due to an. inflammatory cascade with auto-reactive T-cells. When oligodendrogenesis fails, remyelination becomes aberrant and conduction impairments are no longer restored. Although current disease modifying therapies have achieved results in modulating the. faulty immune response, disease progression continues because of chronic. inflammation, neurodegeneration, and failure of remyelination. Therapies have been. tried to promote remyelination. Modulation of neuronal activity seems to be a very. promising strategy in preclinical studies. Additionally, studies in people with MS. (pwMS) have shown symptom improvement following non-invasive brain stimulation. (NIBS) techniques. The aforementioned mechanisms are yet unknown and probably. involve both the activation of neurons and glial cells. Noting neuronal activity. contributes to myelin plasticity and that NIBS modulates neuronal activity; we argue. that NIBS is a promising research horizon for demyelinating diseases. We review the. hypothesized pathways through which NIBS may affect both neuronal activity in the. CNS and how the resulting activity can affect oligodendrogenesis and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Scheinok
- AIMS Lab, Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Miguel D'Haeseleer
- Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Vanheylenstraat 16, 1820 Melsbroek, Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- AIMS Lab, Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium; St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, Queen's Lane, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Schependom
- AIMS Lab, Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium; Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium
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11
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Perez-Gianmarco L, Kurt B, Kukley M. Technical approaches and challenges to study AMPA receptors in oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Past, present, and future. Glia 2023; 71:819-847. [PMID: 36453615 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPARs) are ligand-gated ionotropic receptors for glutamate that is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. AMPARs are located at postsynaptic sites of neuronal synapses where they mediate fast synaptic signaling and synaptic plasticity. Remarkably, AMPARs are also expressed by glial cells. Their expression by the oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells is of special interest because AMPARs mediate fast synaptic communication between neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), modulate proliferation and differentiation of OPCs, and may also be involved in regulation of myelination. On the other hand, during pathological conditions, AMPARs may mediate damage of the OL lineage cells. In the present review, we focus on the technical approaches that have been used to study AMPARs in the OL lineage cells, and discuss future perspectives of AMPAR research in these glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Perez-Gianmarco
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Begüm Kurt
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Kukley
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Du M, Wang N, Xin X, Yan CL, Gu Y, Wang L, Shen Y. Endothelin-1–Endothelin receptor B complex contributes to oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin deficits during preterm white matter injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163400. [PMID: 37009471 PMCID: PMC10063893 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm cerebral white matter injury (WMI), a major form of prenatal brain injury, may potentially be treated by oligodendrocyte (OL) precursor cell (OPC) transplantation. However, the defective differentiation of OPCs during WMI seriously hampers the clinical application of OPC transplantation. Thus, improving the ability of transplanted OPCs to differentiate is critical to OPC transplantation therapy for WMI. We established a hypoxia–ischemia-induced preterm WMI model in mice and screened the molecules affected by WMI using single-cell RNA sequencing. We revealed that endothelin (ET)-1 and endothelin receptor B (ETB) are a pair of signaling molecules responsible for the interaction between neurons and OPCs and that preterm WMI led to an increase in the number of ETB-positive OPCs and premyelinating OLs. Furthermore, the maturation of OLs was reduced by knocking out ETB but promoted by stimulating ET-1/ETB signaling. Our research reveals a new signaling module for neuron–OPC interaction and provides new insight for therapy targeting preterm WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Du
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Xin
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lan Yan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Wang, ; Ying Shen,
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Wang, ; Ying Shen,
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13
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Role of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in Multiple System Atrophy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050739. [PMID: 36899876 PMCID: PMC10001068 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a debilitating movement disorder with unknown etiology. Patients present characteristic parkinsonism and/or cerebellar dysfunction in the clinical phase, resulting from progressive deterioration in the nigrostriatal and olivopontocerebellar regions. MSA patients have a prodromal phase subsequent to the insidious onset of neuropathology. Therefore, understanding the early pathological events is important in determining the pathogenesis, which will assist with developing disease-modifying therapy. Although the definite diagnosis of MSA relies on the positive post-mortem finding of oligodendroglial inclusions composed of α-synuclein, only recently has MSA been verified as an oligodendrogliopathy with secondary neuronal degeneration. We review up-to-date knowledge of human oligodendrocyte lineage cells and their association with α-synuclein, and discuss the postulated mechanisms of how oligodendrogliopathy develops, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells as the potential origins of the toxic seeds of α-synuclein, and the possible networks through which oligodendrogliopathy induces neuronal loss. Our insights will shed new light on the research directions for future MSA studies.
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Recent Insights into the Functional Role of AMPA Receptors in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044138. [PMID: 36835546 PMCID: PMC9967469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the experimental findings of several recent studies which investigated the functional role of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vivo, in mice and in zebrafish. These studies provided valuable information showing that oligodendroglial AMPARs may be involved in the modulation of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of oligodendroglial progenitors, as well as survival of myelinating oligodendrocytes during physiological conditions in vivo. They also suggested that targeting the subunit composition of AMPARs may be an important strategy for treating diseases. However, at the same time, the experimental findings taken together still do not provide a clear picture on the topic. Hence, new ideas and new experimental designs are required for understanding the functional role of AMPARs in the oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vivo. It is also necessary to consider more closely the temporal and spatial aspects of AMPAR-mediated signalling in the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. These two important aspects are routinely discussed by neuronal physiologists studying glutamatergic synaptic transmission, but are rarely debated and thought about by researchers studying glial cells.
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15
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Selcen I, Prentice E, Casaccia P. The epigenetic landscape of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:24-41. [PMID: 36740586 PMCID: PMC10085863 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic landscape of oligodendrocyte lineage cells refers to the cell-specific modifications of DNA, chromatin, and RNA that define a unique gene expression pattern of functionally specialized cells. Here, we focus on the epigenetic changes occurring as progenitors differentiate into myelin-forming cells and respond to the local environment. First, modifications of DNA, RNA, nucleosomal histones, key principles of chromatin organization, topologically associating domains, and local remodeling will be reviewed. Then, the relationship between epigenetic modulators and RNA processing will be explored. Finally, the reciprocal relationship between the epigenome as a determinant of the mechanical properties of cell nuclei and the target of mechanotransduction will be discussed. The overall goal is to provide an interpretative key on how epigenetic changes may account for the heterogeneity of the transcriptional profiles identified in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Selcen
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Prentice
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Abstract
Within the past decade, multiple lines of evidence have converged to identify a critical role for activity-regulated myelination in tuning the function of neural networks. In this Review, we provide an overview of accumulating evidence that activity-regulated myelination is required for brain adaptation and learning across multiple domains. We then discuss dysregulation of activity-dependent myelination in the context of neurological disease, a novel frontier with the potential to uncover new mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Alterations in myelination and neural network function can result from deficient myelin plasticity that impairs neurological function or from maladaptive myelination, in which intact activity-dependent myelination contributes to the disease process by promoting pathological patterns of neuronal activity. These emerging mechanisms suggest new avenues for therapeutic intervention that could more fully address the complex interactions between neurons and oligodendroglia.
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17
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Fekete CD, Nishiyama A. Presentation and integration of multiple signals that modulate oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1041853. [PMID: 36451655 PMCID: PMC9701731 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is critical for fast saltatory conduction of action potentials. Recent studies have revealed that myelin is not a static structure as previously considered but continues to be made and remodeled throughout adulthood in tune with the network requirement. Synthesis of new myelin requires turning on the switch in oligodendrocytes (OL) to initiate the myelination program that includes synthesis and transport of macromolecules needed for myelin production as well as the metabolic and other cellular functions needed to support this process. A significant amount of information is available regarding the individual intrinsic and extrinsic signals that promote OL commitment, expansion, terminal differentiation, and myelination. However, it is less clear how these signals are made available to OL lineage cells when needed, and how multiple signals are integrated to generate the correct amount of myelin that is needed in a given neural network state. Here we review the pleiotropic effects of some of the extracellular signals that affect myelination and discuss the cellular processes used by the source cells that contribute to the variation in the temporal and spatial availability of the signals, and how the recipient OL lineage cells might integrate the multiple signals presented to them in a manner dialed to the strength of the input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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18
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Normal Cortical Myelination in Galectin-4-Deficient Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213485. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, critical for the correct function of the nervous system, is organized in different patterns that can include long non-myelinated axonal segments. How myelin patterning is regulated remains unexplained. The carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-4 (Gal-4) influences oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro and is associated with non-myelinable axon segments (NMS) in cultured neurons. In consequence, Gal-4 has been proposed as a myelin patterning regulator, although no in vivo studies have corroborated this hypothesis. We used Gal-4-deficient mice (Lgals4-KO) to study the role of Gal-4 in cortical myelination in vivo. We show that cultured neurons of Lgals4-KO mice form NMS that are regulated as in control neurons. In addition, oligodendrocyte/myelin markers expression measured by biochemical and immunochemical means, and cortical myelin microstructure studied by in-depth image analysis appear unaltered in these animals. Consistently, myelin displays an essentially normal function assessed by in vivo electrophysiology and locomotion analyses. In conclusion, cortical myelin of Lgals4-KO mice does not show any significant defect in composition, organization or function, pointing to a negligible role of Gal-4 in myelination in vivo or, as discussed, to unknown mechanisms that compensate its absence.
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19
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Williams NP, Kushwah N, Dhawan V, Zheng XS, Cui XT. Effects of central nervous system electrical stimulation on non-neuronal cells. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:967491. [PMID: 36188481 PMCID: PMC9521315 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.967491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, much progress has been made in the clinical use of electrical stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS) to treat an ever-growing number of conditions from Parkinson's disease (PD) to epilepsy as well as for sensory restoration and many other applications. However, little is known about the effects of microstimulation at the cellular level. Most of the existing research focuses on the effects of electrical stimulation on neurons. Other cells of the CNS such as microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells have been understudied in terms of their response to stimulation. The varied and critical functions of these cell types are now beginning to be better understood, and their vital roles in brain function in both health and disease are becoming better appreciated. To shed light on the importance of the way electrical stimulation as distinct from device implantation impacts non-neuronal cell types, this review will first summarize common stimulation modalities from the perspective of device design and stimulation parameters and how these different parameters have an impact on the physiological response. Following this, what is known about the responses of different cell types to different stimulation modalities will be summarized, drawing on findings from both clinical studies as well as clinically relevant animal models and in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P. Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Neetu Kushwah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xin Sally Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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20
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Reduced number of satellite oligodendrocytes of pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:947-955. [PMID: 34822006 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging, genetic and molecular biological studies have shown impaired intra-cortical myelination in patients with schizophrenia, particularly in the prefrontal cortex. Previously we reported a significant deficit of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in layers 3 and 5 of the prefrontal cortex, Brodmann area 10 (BA10) in schizophrenia. In this current study, we investigate the number of oligodendrocyte satellites (Sat-Ol) per pyramidal neuron in layer 5 of BA10 in schizophrenia (n = 17) as compared to healthy controls (n = 20) in the same section collection as previously used to study the numerical density (Nv) of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters. We find a significant reduction (- 39%, p < 0.001) in the number of Sat-Ol per neuron in schizophrenia as compared to the control group. The number of Sat-Ol per neuron did not correlate with the Nv of oligodendrocytes or with the Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters. Our previous studies of the inferior parietal lobule (BA39 and BA40), demonstrated significant decrease of the number of Sat-Ol only in patient subgroups with poor and fair insight. Additionally, correlation pattern between number of Sat-Ol and Nv of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters was similar between the two functionally interconnected cortical areas, BA10 and BA40, whereas in BA39, strong significant correlations were revealed between the number of Sat-Ol and Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters (0.9 ≤ R ≥ 0.66; p < 0.001). These data suggest that that specific features of Sat-Ol alterations patterns may be associated with specific activity-driven plasticity of corresponding networks in the brain of people with schizophrenia.
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21
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Impaired bidirectional communication between interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells affects social cognitive behavior. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1394. [PMID: 35296664 PMCID: PMC8927409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical neural circuits are complex but very precise networks of balanced excitation and inhibition. Yet, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that form the balance are just beginning to emerge. Here, using conditional γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B1- deficient mice we identify a γ-aminobutyric acid/tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 12-mediated bidirectional communication pathway between parvalbumin-positive fast spiking interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells that determines the density and function of interneurons in the developing medial prefrontal cortex. Interruption of the GABAergic signaling to oligodendrocyte precursor cells results in reduced myelination and hypoactivity of interneurons, strong changes of cortical network activities and impaired social cognitive behavior. In conclusion, glial transmitter receptors are pivotal elements in finetuning distinct brain functions. Early postnatal interruption of the bidirectional GABA/TNFSF12 signaling between parvalbumin-positive interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells impairs correct prefrontal cortical network activity and social cognitive behavior later in life.
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22
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Yuan H, Fang CL, Deng YP, Huang J, Niu RZ, Chen JL, Chen TB, Zhu ZQ, Chen L, Xiong LL, Wang TH. A2B5-positive oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation improves neurological deficits in rats following spinal cord contusion associated with changes in expression of factors involved in the Notch signaling pathway. Neurochirurgie 2022; 68:188-195. [PMID: 34543615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are myelinated glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), able to regenerate oligodendrocytes and myelin. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of A2B5-positive (A2B5+) OPC transplantation in rats with spinal cord contusion (SCC) and to investigate changes in expression of various factors involved in the Notch signaling pathway after OPC transplantation. METHODS OPCs were obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originating from mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). After identification of iPSCs and iPSC-derived OPCs, A2B5+ OPCs were transplanted into the injured site of rats with SCC one week after SCC insult. Behavioral tests evaluated motor and sensory function 7 days after OPC transplantation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) determined the expression of various cytokines related to the Notch signaling pathway after OPC transplantation. RESULTS IPSC-derived OPCs were successfully generated from MEFs, as indicated by positive immunostaining of A2B5, PDGFα and NG2. Further differentiation of OPCs was identified by immunostaining of Olig2, Sox10, Nkx2.2, O4, MBP and GFAP. Importantly, myelin formation was significantly enhanced in the SCC+ OPC group and SCI-induced motor and sensory dysfunction was largely alleviated by A2B5+ OPC transplantation. Expression of factors involved in the Notch signaling pathway (Notch-1, Numb, SHARP1 and NEDD4) was significantly increased after OPC transplantation. CONCLUSIONS A2B5+ OPC transplantation attenuates motor and sensory dysfunction in SCC rats by promoting myelin formation, which may be associated with change in expression of factors involved in the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - C-L Fang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Y-P Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - R-Z Niu
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - J-L Chen
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - T-B Chen
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Z-Q Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - L Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - L-L Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - T-H Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China; Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China; Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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23
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Moura DMS, Brennan EJ, Brock R, Cocas LA. Neuron to Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Synapses: Protagonists in Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelination, and Targets for Therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:779125. [PMID: 35115904 PMCID: PMC8804499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.779125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neuronal circuitry required for cognition, complex motor behaviors, and sensory integration requires myelination. The role of glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia in shaping synapses and circuits have been covered in other reviews in this journal and elsewhere. This review summarizes the role of another glial cell type, oligodendrocytes, in shaping synapse formation, neuronal circuit development, and myelination in both normal development and in demyelinating disease. Oligodendrocytes ensheath and insulate neuronal axons with myelin, and this facilitates fast conduction of electrical nerve impulses via saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocytes also proliferate during postnatal development, and defects in their maturation have been linked to abnormal myelination. Myelination also regulates the timing of activity in neural circuits and is important for maintaining the health of axons and providing nutritional support. Recent studies have shown that dysfunction in oligodendrocyte development and in myelination can contribute to defects in neuronal synapse formation and circuit development. We discuss glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors and voltage gated ion channel expression and function in oligodendrocyte development and myelination. We explain the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission on oligodendrocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination. We then focus on how our understanding of the synaptic connectivity between neurons and OPCs can inform future therapeutics in demyelinating disease, and discuss gaps in the literature that would inform new therapies for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. S. Moura
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Emma J. Brennan
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Robert Brock
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Laura A. Cocas
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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24
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Alia C, Cangi D, Massa V, Salluzzo M, Vignozzi L, Caleo M, Spalletti C. Cell-to-Cell Interactions Mediating Functional Recovery after Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:3050. [PMID: 34831273 PMCID: PMC8623942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic damage in brain tissue triggers a cascade of molecular and structural plastic changes, thus influencing a wide range of cell-to-cell interactions. Understanding and manipulating this scenario of intercellular connections is the Holy Grail for post-stroke neurorehabilitation. Here, we discuss the main findings in the literature related to post-stroke alterations in cell-to-cell interactions, which may be either detrimental or supportive for functional recovery. We consider both neural and non-neural cells, starting from astrocytes and reactive astrogliosis and moving to the roles of the oligodendrocytes in the support of vulnerable neurons and sprouting inhibition. We discuss the controversial role of microglia in neural inflammation after injury and we conclude with the description of post-stroke alterations in pyramidal and GABAergic cells interactions. For all of these sections, we review not only the spontaneous evolution in cellular interactions after ischemic injury, but also the experimental strategies which have targeted these interactions and that are inspiring novel therapeutic strategies for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alia
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniele Cangi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Verediana Massa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Marco Salluzzo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Livia Vignozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Cristina Spalletti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
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25
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Chorghay Z, MacFarquhar D, Li VJ, Aufmkolk S, Schohl A, Wiseman PW, Káradóttir RT, Ruthazer ES. Activity-dependent alteration of early myelin ensheathment in a developing sensory circuit. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:871-885. [PMID: 34599848 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myelination allows for the regulation of conduction velocity, affecting the precise timing of neuronal inputs important for the development and function of brain circuits. In turn, myelination may be altered by changes in experience, neuronal activity, and vesicular release, but the links between sensory experience, corresponding neuronal activity, and resulting alterations in myelination require further investigation. We thus studied the development of myelination in the Xenopus laevis tadpole, a classic model for studies of visual system development and function because it is translucent and visually responsive throughout the formation of its retinotectal system. We begin with a systematic characterization of the timecourse of early myelin ensheathment in the Xenopus retinotectal system using immunohistochemistry of myelin basic protein (MBP) along with third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy, a label-free structural imaging technique. Based on the mid-larval developmental progression of MBP expression in Xenopus, we identified an appropriate developmental window in which to assess the effects of early temporally patterned visual experience on myelin ensheathment. We used calcium imaging of axon terminals in vivo to characterize the responses of retinal ganglion cells over a range of stroboscopic stimulation frequencies. Strobe frequencies that reliably elicited robust versus dampened calcium responses were then presented to animals for 7 d, and differences in the amount of early myelin ensheathment at the optic chiasm were subsequently quantified. This study provides evidence that it is not just the presence but also to the specific temporal properties of sensory stimuli that are important for myelin plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Chorghay
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David MacFarquhar
- Department of Chemistry, Otto Maass Building, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Otto Maass Building, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa J Li
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Aufmkolk
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Otto Maass Building, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Otto Maass Building, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Schohl
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry, Otto Maass Building, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Otto Maass Building, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physiology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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26
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Turan F, Yilmaz Ö, Schünemann L, Lindenberg TT, Kalanithy JC, Harder A, Ahmadi S, Duman T, MacDonald RB, Winter D, Liu C, Odermatt B. Effect of modulating glutamate signaling on myelinating oligodendrocytes and their development-A study in the zebrafish model. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2774-2792. [PMID: 34520578 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Myelination is crucial for the development and maintenance of axonal integrity, especially fast axonal action potential conduction. There is increasing evidence that glutamate signaling and release through neuronal activity modulates the myelination process. In this study, we examine the effect of manipulating glutamate signaling on myelination of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells and their development in zebrafish (zf). We use the "intensity-based glutamate-sensing fluorescent reporter" (iGluSnFR) in the zf model (both sexes) to address the hypothesis that glutamate is implicated in regulation of myelinating OLs. Our results show that glial iGluSnFR expression significantly reduces OL lineage cell number and the expression of myelin markers in larvae (zfl) and adult brains. The specific glutamate receptor agonist, L-AP4, rescues this iGluSnFR effect by significantly increasing the expression of the myelin-related genes, plp1b and mbpa, and enhances myelination in L-AP4-injected zfl compared to controls. Furthermore, we demonstrate that degrading glutamate using Glutamat-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) or the blockade of glutamate reuptake by L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC) significantly decreases myelin-related genes and drastically declines myelination in brain ventricle-injected zfl. Moreover, we found that myelin-specific ClaudinK (CldnK) and 36K protein expression is significantly decreased in iGluSnFR-expressing zfl and adult brains compared to controls. Taken together, this study confirms that glutamate signaling is directly required for the preservation of myelinating OLs and for the myelination process itself. These findings further suggest that glutamate signaling may provide novel targets to therapeutically boost remyelination in several demyelinating diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Turan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Öznur Yilmaz
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Schünemann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias T Lindenberg
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeshurun C Kalanithy
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Harder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shiva Ahmadi
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IBMB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Türker Duman
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dominic Winter
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IBMB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Odermatt
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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27
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Ion Channels as New Attractive Targets to Improve Re-Myelination Processes in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147277. [PMID: 34298893 PMCID: PMC8305962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by neuroinflammation. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are cycling cells in the developing and adult CNS that, under demyelinating conditions, migrate to the site of lesions and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes to remyelinate damaged axons. However, this process fails during disease chronicization due to impaired OPC differentiation. Moreover, OPCs are crucial players in neuro-glial communication as they receive synaptic inputs from neurons and express ion channels and neurotransmitter/neuromodulator receptors that control their maturation. Ion channels are recognized as attractive therapeutic targets, and indeed ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels can both be found among the top five pharmaceutical target groups of FDA-approved agents. Their modulation ameliorates some of the symptoms of MS and improves the outcome of related animal models. However, the exact mechanism of action of ion-channel targeting compounds is often still unclear due to the wide expression of these channels on neurons, glia, and infiltrating immune cells. The present review summarizes recent findings in the field to get further insights into physio-pathophysiological processes and possible therapeutic mechanisms of drug actions.
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28
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Shin H, Kawai HD. Visual deprivation induces transient upregulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the subcortical white matter of mouse visual cortex. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:29-41. [PMID: 34286312 PMCID: PMC8273201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory experience influences proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Enhanced sensorimotor experience promoted the lineage progression of OPCs and myelination in the gray matter and white matter (WM) of sensorimotor cortex. In the visual cortex, reduced experience reportedly delayed the maturation of myelination in the gray matter, but whether and how such experience alters the subcortical WM is unclear. Here we investigated if binocular enucleation from the onset of eye opening (i.e., P15) affects the cell state of OPCs in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Proliferative cells in the WM declined nearly half over 3 days from postnatal day (P) 25. A 3-day BrdU-labeling showed gradual decline in proliferation rates from P19 to P28. Binocular enucleation resulted in an increase in the cycling state of the OPCs that were proliferated from P22 to P25 but not before or after this period. This increase in proliferative OPCs was not associated with lineage progression toward differentiated oligodendrocytes. Proliferative OPCs arose mostly due to symmetric cell division but also asymmetric formation of proliferative and quiescent OPCs. By P30, almost all the proliferated cells exited the cell cycle. Maturing oligodendrocytes among the proliferated cells increased at this age, but most of them disappeared over 25 days. The cell density of the maturing oligodendrocytes was unaffected by binocular enucleation, however. These data suggest that binocular enucleation transiently elevates proliferative OPCs in the subcortical WM of V1 during a specific period of the fourth postnatal week without subsequently affecting the number of maturing oligodendrocytes several days later. Binocular enucleation increased proliferative OPCs during P22-25 in the V1 WM. Proliferative OPCs decrease in half from P25 over 3 days. P22-25 proliferated cells nearly all exited the cell cycle by P30. Some P22-25 proliferated OPCs matured over 5 days but disappeared over 25 days. Visual loss did not influence oligodendrocyte maturation or its disappearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryun Shin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Hideki Derek Kawai
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
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29
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Boscia F, Elkjaer ML, Illes Z, Kukley M. Altered Expression of Ion Channels in White Matter Lesions of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know About Their Function? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:685703. [PMID: 34276310 PMCID: PMC8282214 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.685703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), knowledge about contribution of individual ion channels to axonal impairment and remyelination failure in progressive MS remains incomplete. Ion channel families play a fundamental role in maintaining white matter (WM) integrity and in regulating WM activities in axons, interstitial neurons, glia, and vascular cells. Recently, transcriptomic studies have considerably increased insight into the gene expression changes that occur in diverse WM lesions and the gene expression fingerprint of specific WM cells associated with secondary progressive MS. Here, we review the ion channel genes encoding K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl- channels; ryanodine receptors; TRP channels; and others that are significantly and uniquely dysregulated in active, chronic active, inactive, remyelinating WM lesions, and normal-appearing WM of secondary progressive MS brain, based on recently published bulk and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing datasets. We discuss the current state of knowledge about the corresponding ion channels and their implication in the MS brain or in experimental models of MS. This comprehensive review suggests that the intense upregulation of voltage-gated Na+ channel genes in WM lesions with ongoing tissue damage may reflect the imbalance of Na+ homeostasis that is observed in progressive MS brain, while the upregulation of a large number of voltage-gated K+ channel genes may be linked to a protective response to limit neuronal excitability. In addition, the altered chloride homeostasis, revealed by the significant downregulation of voltage-gated Cl- channels in MS lesions, may contribute to an altered inhibitory neurotransmission and increased excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Louise Elkjaer
- Neurology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Neurology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Kukley
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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30
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Hughes AN. Glial Cells Promote Myelin Formation and Elimination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661486. [PMID: 34046407 PMCID: PMC8144722 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Building a functional nervous system requires the coordinated actions of many glial cells. In the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes myelinate neuronal axons to increase conduction velocity and provide trophic support. Myelination can be modified by local signaling at the axon-myelin interface, potentially adapting sheaths to support the metabolic needs and physiology of individual neurons. However, neurons and oligodendrocytes are not wholly responsible for crafting the myelination patterns seen in vivo. Other cell types of the CNS, including microglia and astrocytes, modify myelination. In this review, I cover the contributions of non-neuronal, non-oligodendroglial cells to the formation, maintenance, and pruning of myelin sheaths. I address ways that these cell types interact with the oligodendrocyte lineage throughout development to modify myelination. Additionally, I discuss mechanisms by which these cells may indirectly tune myelination by regulating neuronal activity. Understanding how glial-glial interactions regulate myelination is essential for understanding how the brain functions as a whole and for developing strategies to repair myelin in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria N. Hughes
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Aurora, CO, United States
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31
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Galichet C, Clayton RW, Lovell-Badge R. Novel Tools and Investigative Approaches for the Study of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (NG2-Glia) in CNS Development and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:673132. [PMID: 33994951 PMCID: PMC8116629 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.673132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also referred to as NG2-glia, are the most proliferative cell type in the adult central nervous system. While the primary role of OPCs is to serve as progenitors for oligodendrocytes, in recent years, it has become increasingly clear that OPCs fulfil a number of other functions. Indeed, independent of their role as stem cells, it is evident that OPCs can regulate the metabolic environment, directly interact with and modulate neuronal function, maintain the blood brain barrier (BBB) and regulate inflammation. In this review article, we discuss the state-of-the-art tools and investigative approaches being used to characterize the biology and function of OPCs. From functional genetic investigation to single cell sequencing and from lineage tracing to functional imaging, we discuss the important discoveries uncovered by these techniques, such as functional and spatial OPC heterogeneity, novel OPC marker genes, the interaction of OPCs with other cells types, and how OPCs integrate and respond to signals from neighboring cells. Finally, we review the use of in vitro assay to assess OPC functions. These methodologies promise to lead to ever greater understanding of this enigmatic cell type, which in turn will shed light on the pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies for a number of diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Galichet
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Pease-Raissi SE, Chan JR. Building a (w)rapport between neurons and oligodendroglia: Reciprocal interactions underlying adaptive myelination. Neuron 2021; 109:1258-1273. [PMID: 33621477 PMCID: PMC8068592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myelin, multilayered lipid-rich membrane extensions formed by oligodendrocytes around neuronal axons, is essential for fast and efficient action potential propagation in the central nervous system. Initially thought to be a static and immutable process, myelination is now appreciated to be a dynamic process capable of responding to and modulating neuronal function throughout life. While the importance of this type of plasticity, called adaptive myelination, is now well accepted, we are only beginning to understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons communicate experience-driven circuit activation to oligodendroglia and precisely how changes in oligodendrocytes and their myelin refine neuronal function. Here, we review recent findings addressing this reciprocal relationship in which neurons alter oligodendroglial form and oligodendrocytes conversely modulate neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Pease-Raissi
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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33
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Pantazou V, Roux T, Oliveira Moreira V, Lubetzki C, Desmazières A. Interaction between Neurons and the Oligodendroglial Lineage in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Preclinical Models. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:231. [PMID: 33799653 PMCID: PMC7999210 DOI: 10.3390/life11030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex central nervous system inflammatory disease leading to demyelination and associated functional deficits. Though endogenous remyelination exists, it is only partial and, with time, patients can enter a progressive phase of the disease, with neurodegeneration as a hallmark. Though major therapeutic advances have been made, with immunotherapies reducing relapse rate during the inflammatory phase of MS, there is presently no therapy available which significantly impacts disease progression. Remyelination has been shown to favor neuroprotection, and it is thus of major importance to better understand remyelination mechanisms in order to promote them and hence preserve neurons. A crucial point is how this process is regulated through the neuronal crosstalk with the oligodendroglial lineage. In this review, we present the current knowledge on neuron interaction with the oligodendroglial lineage, in physiological context as well as in MS and its experimental models. We further discuss the therapeutic possibilities resulting from this research field, which might allow to support remyelination and neuroprotection and thus limit MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Pantazou
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (V.P.); (T.R.); (V.O.M.); (C.L.)
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Roux
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (V.P.); (T.R.); (V.O.M.); (C.L.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Neurology Department, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Oliveira Moreira
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (V.P.); (T.R.); (V.O.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (V.P.); (T.R.); (V.O.M.); (C.L.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Neurology Department, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne Desmazières
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (V.P.); (T.R.); (V.O.M.); (C.L.)
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34
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Maas DA, Angulo MC. Can Enhancing Neuronal Activity Improve Myelin Repair in Multiple Sclerosis? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:645240. [PMID: 33708075 PMCID: PMC7940692 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.645240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced neuronal activity in the healthy brain can induce de novo myelination and behavioral changes. As neuronal activity can be achieved using non-invasive measures, it may be of interest to utilize the innate ability of neuronal activity to instruct myelination as a novel strategy for myelin repair in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Preclinical studies indicate that stimulation of neuronal activity in demyelinated lesions indeed has the potential to improve remyelination and that the stimulation paradigm is an important determinant of success. However, future studies will need to reveal the most efficient stimulation protocols as well as the biological mechanisms implicated. Nonetheless, clinical studies have already explored non-invasive brain stimulation as an attractive therapeutic approach that ameliorates MS symptomatology. However, whether symptom improvement is due to improved myelin repair remains unclear. In this mini-review, we discuss the neurobiological basis and potential of enhancing neuronal activity as a novel therapeutic approach in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien A Maas
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - María Cecilia Angulo
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France.,GHU PARIS Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
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35
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Pruvost M, Moyon S. Oligodendroglial Epigenetics, from Lineage Specification to Activity-Dependent Myelination. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:62. [PMID: 33467699 PMCID: PMC7830029 DOI: 10.3390/life11010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendroglial cells are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. While myelination is crucial to axonal activity and conduction, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes have also been shown to be essential for neuronal support and metabolism. Thus, a tight regulation of oligodendroglial cell specification, proliferation, and myelination is required for correct neuronal connectivity and function. Here, we review the role of epigenetic modifications in oligodendroglial lineage cells. First, we briefly describe the epigenetic modalities of gene regulation, which are known to have a role in oligodendroglial cells. We then address how epigenetic enzymes and/or marks have been associated with oligodendrocyte progenitor specification, survival and proliferation, differentiation, and finally, myelination. We finally mention how environmental cues, in particular, neuronal signals, are translated into epigenetic modifications, which can directly influence oligodendroglial biology.
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36
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Adams KL, Dahl KD, Gallo V, Macklin WB. Intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 116:16-24. [PMID: 34110985 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are highly specialized glial cells, responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). The multi-stage process of oligodendrocyte development is tightly regulated to ensure proper lineage progression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to mature myelin producing oligodendrocytes. This developmental process involves complex interactions between several intrinsic signaling pathways that are modulated by an array of extrinsic factors. Understanding these regulatory processes is of crucial importance, as it may help to identify specific molecular targets both to enhance plasticity in the normal CNS and to promote endogenous recovery following injury or disease. This review describes two major regulators that play important functional roles in distinct phases of oligodendrocyte development: OPC proliferation and differentiation. Specifically, we highlight the roles of the extracellular astrocyte/radial glia-derived protein Endothelin-1 in OPC proliferation and the intracellular Akt/mTOR pathway in OPC differentiation. Lastly, we reflect on how recent advances in neuroscience and scientific technology will enable greater understanding into how intrinsic and extrinsic regulators interact to generate oligodendrocyte diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Adams
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kristin D Dahl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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37
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Numerical density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the anterior putamen in major psychiatric disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:841-850. [PMID: 32060609 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to support the notion that oligodendrocyte and myelin abnormalities may contribute to the functional dysconnectivity found in the major psychiatric disorders. The putamen, which is an important hub in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop, has been implicated in a broad spectrum of psychiatric illnesses and is a central target of their treatments. Previously we reported a reduction in the numerical density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the prefrontal and parietal cortex in schizophrenia. Oligodendrocyte clusters contain oligodendrocyte progenitors and are involved in functionally dependent myelination. We measured the numerical density (Nv) of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the putamen in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) as compared to healthy controls (15 cases per group). Optical disector was used to estimate the Nv of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters. A significant reduction in both the Nv of oligodendrocytes (- 34%; p < 0.01) and the Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters (- 41%; p < 0.05) was found in the schizophrenia group as compared to the control group. Sexual dimorphism for both measurements was found only within the control group. The Nv of oligodendrocytes was significantly lower in male schizophrenia cases as compared to the male control cases. However, the Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters was significantly lower in all male clinical cases as compared to the male control group. The data suggest that lowered density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters may contribute to the altered functional connectivity in the putamen in subjects with schizophrenia.
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38
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Koller EJ, Chakrabarty P. Tau-Mediated Dysregulation of Neuroplasticity and Glial Plasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:151. [PMID: 32973446 PMCID: PMC7472665 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability of individual neurons to compensate for aging-related damage leads to a gradual loss of functional plasticity in the brain accompanied by progressive impairment in learning and memory. Whereas this loss in neuroplasticity is gradual during normal aging, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), this loss is accelerated dramatically, leading to the incapacitation of patients within a decade of onset of cognitive symptoms. The mechanisms that underlie this accelerated loss of neuroplasticity in AD are still not completely understood. While the progressively increasing proteinopathy burden, such as amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles, definitely contribute directly to a neuron’s functional demise, the role of non-neuronal cells in controlling neuroplasticity is slowly being recognized as another major factor. These non-neuronal cells include astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, which through regulating brain homeostasis, structural stability, and trophic support, play a key role in maintaining normal functioning and resilience of the neuronal network. It is believed that chronic signaling from these cells affects the homeostatic network of neuronal and non-neuronal cells to an extent to destabilize this harmonious milieu in neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Here, we will examine the experimental evidence regarding the direct and indirect pathways through which astrocytes and microglia can alter brain plasticity in AD, specifically as they relate to the development and progression of tauopathy. In this review article, we describe the concepts of neuroplasticity and glial plasticity in healthy aging, delineate possible mechanisms underlying tau-induced plasticity dysfunction, and discuss current clinical trials as well as future disease-modifying approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Koller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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39
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Spontaneous Local Calcium Transients Regulate Oligodendrocyte Development in Culture through Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry and Release. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0347-19.2020. [PMID: 32409508 PMCID: PMC7438061 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0347-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) insulate axonal fibers for fast conduction of nerve impulses by wrapping axons of the CNS with compact myelin membranes. Differentiating OLs undergo drastic chances in cell morphology. Bipolar oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) transform into highly ramified multipolar OLs, which then expand myelin membranes that enwrap axons. While significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying CNS myelination and its disruption in diseases, the cellular mechanisms that regulate OL differentiation are not fully understood. Here, we report that developing rat OLs in culture exhibit spontaneous Ca2+ local transients (sCaLTs) in their process arbors in the absence of neurons. Importantly, we find that the frequency of sCaLTs markedly increases as OLs undergo extensive process outgrowth and branching. We further show that sCaLTs are primarily generated through a combination of Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores. Inhibition of sCaLTs impairs the elaboration and branching of OL processes, as well as substantially reduces the formation of large myelin sheets in culture. Together, our findings identify an important role for spontaneous local Ca2+ signaling in OL development.
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40
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Bassetti D, Hammann J, Luhmann HJ, White R, Kirischuk S. Ryanodine receptor- and sodium-calcium exchanger-mediated spontaneous calcium activity in immature oligodendrocytes in cultures. Neurosci Lett 2020; 732:134913. [PMID: 32482568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myelination in the central nervous system depends on interactions between axons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Action potentials in an axon can be followed by release of biologically active substances, like glutamate, which can instruct OPCs to start myelination. Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is an "executive molecule of myelin" required for the formation of compact myelin. As cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage (OLCs) are capable of producing MBP in pure oligodendrocyte cultures, i.e. without neurons, we investigated Ca2+ signaling in developing OLCs in cultures. We show that spontaneous Ca2+ transients (CTs) occur at very low frequency in both bipolar OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes. In contrast immature OLCs (imOLCs), cells with several thick processes, demonstrate a relatively high frequency of CTs. Moreover, CT frequency in imOLC processes is much higher as compared with the somatic CT frequency. Somatic CTs are almost completely blocked by thapsigargin, an antagonist of sarco-(endo-) plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, and ryanodine, a blocker of ryanodine receptors, indicating an involvement of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Ryanodine strongly reduces CT frequency in imOLC processes. Ouabain, an antagonist of Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA), applied at low concentration increases CT frequency, while KB-R7943, a blocker of reverse mode of Na+, Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), decreases CT frequency. We suggest that local RyR-NCX-(NKA?) interaction might underlie the generation of CTs in imOLC in the absence of neurons, and this activity influences oligodendrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bassetti
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Hammann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin White
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergei Kirischuk
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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41
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Sase S, Almad AA, Boecker CA, Guedes-Dias P, Li JJ, Takanohashi A, Patel A, McCaffrey T, Patel H, Sirdeshpande D, Curiel J, Shih-Hwa Liu J, Padiath Q, Holzbaur EL, Scherer SS, Vanderver A. TUBB4A mutations result in both glial and neuronal degeneration in an H-ABC leukodystrophy mouse model. eLife 2020; 9:52986. [PMID: 32463361 PMCID: PMC7255805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TUBB4A result in a spectrum of leukodystrophy including Hypomyelination with Atrophy of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (H-ABC), a rare hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, often associated with a recurring variant p.Asp249Asn (D249N). We have developed a novel knock-in mouse model harboring heterozygous (Tubb4aD249N/+) and the homozygous (Tubb4aD249N/D249N) mutation that recapitulate the progressive motor dysfunction with tremor, dystonia and ataxia seen in H-ABC. Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice have myelination deficits along with dramatic decrease in mature oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells. Additionally, a significant loss occurs in the cerebellar granular neurons and striatal neurons in Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice. In vitro studies show decreased survival and dysfunction in microtubule dynamics in neurons from Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice. Thus Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice demonstrate the complex cellular physiology of H-ABC, likely due to independent effects on oligodendrocytes, striatal neurons, and cerebellar granule cells in the context of altered microtubule dynamics, with profound neurodevelopmental deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Sase
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Akshata A Almad
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - C Alexander Boecker
- Department of Physiology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Pedro Guedes-Dias
- Department of Physiology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jian J Li
- Department of Neurology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Asako Takanohashi
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Akshilkumar Patel
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Tara McCaffrey
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Heta Patel
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Divya Sirdeshpande
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Julian Curiel
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Judy Shih-Hwa Liu
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Quasar Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics and Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Erika Lf Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Neurology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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42
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Kim H, Xu R, Padmashri R, Dunaevsky A, Liu Y, Dreyfus CF, Jiang P. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cerebral Organoids Reveal Human Oligodendrogenesis with Dorsal and Ventral Origins. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:890-905. [PMID: 31091434 PMCID: PMC6524754 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of oligodendrogenesis has been relatively well delineated in the rodent brain. However, it remains unknown whether analogous developmental processes are manifested in the human brain. Here we report oligodendrogenesis in forebrain organoids, generated by using OLIG2-GFP knockin human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) reporter lines. OLIG2/GFP exhibits distinct temporal expression patterns in ventral forebrain organoids (VFOs) versus dorsal forebrain organoids (DFOs). Interestingly, oligodendrogenesis can be induced in both VFOs and DFOs after neuronal maturation. Assembling VFOs and DFOs to generate fused forebrain organoids (FFOs) promotes oligodendroglia maturation. Furthermore, dorsally derived oligodendroglial cells outcompete ventrally derived oligodendroglia and become dominant in FFOs after long-term culture. Thus, our organoid models reveal human oligodendrogenesis with ventral and dorsal origins. These models will serve to study the phenotypic and functional differences between human ventrally and dorsally derived oligodendroglia and to reveal mechanisms of diseases associated with cortical myelin defects. OLIG2 expression exhibits distinct temporal patterns in hPSC-derived VFOs versus DFOs Human PSC-derived DFOs recapitulate oligodendrogenesis with a dorsal origin Assembling VFOs and DFOs to generate FFOs promotes oligodendroglial maturation Dorsally derived oligodendroglia outcompete ventrally derived ones in FFOs
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosung Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ranjie Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ragunathan Padmashri
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheryl F Dreyfus
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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43
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The roles of neuron-NG2 glia synapses in promoting oligodendrocyte development and remyelination. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:43-53. [PMID: 32236697 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NG2 immunopositive progenitor cells, also simply termed as NG2 glia and thought mainly to be oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), form synaptic connections with neurons in gray and white matters of brain. One of the most classical features of oligodendrocyte lineage cells is myelination, which will favor neuronal signaling transmission. Thus, is there a causal link between the specific synapses of neuron-NG2 glia and myelination? Building on this, here, we will discuss several relevant issues. First, in order to understand the synapses, it is necessary to integrate the definite inputs onto NG2 glia. We show that the synaptic activities and myelination are not synchronized, so the synapses are more likely to regulate early development of NG2 glia and prepare for myelination. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that the synapses also play a role in recovery of pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, elucidating the activities of neuron-NG2 glia synapses will be beneficial for both physiological and pathological conditions. Graphical abstract The existence of neuron-NG2 glia synapses reveals that the neuronal activities projecting to NG2 glia is an elaborate regulation, and the signaling from neurons to NG2 glia is frequent in early stage. The neuron-NG2 glia synapses indirectly provide a basic condition to support myelination by extrasynaptic communication. The neuron-NG2 glia synapses also promote remyelination, and it occurs similar to physiological conditions.
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44
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Neuron-oligodendroglia interactions: Activity-dependent regulation of cellular signaling. Neurosci Lett 2020; 727:134916. [PMID: 32194135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte lineage cells (oligodendroglia) and neurons engage in bidirectional communication throughout life to support healthy brain function. Recent work shows that changes in neuronal activity can modulate proliferation, differentiation, and myelination to support the formation and function of neural circuits. While oligodendroglia express a diverse collection of receptors for growth factors, signaling molecules, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, our knowledge of the intracellular signaling pathways that are regulated by neuronal activity remains largely incomplete. Many of the pathways that modulate oligodendroglia behavior are driven by changes in intracellular calcium signaling, which may differentially affect cytoskeletal dynamics, gene expression, maturation, integration, and axonal support. Additionally, activity-dependent neuron-oligodendroglia communication plays an integral role in the recovery from demyelinating injuries. In this review, we summarize the modalities of communication between neurons and oligodendroglia and explore possible roles of activity-dependent calcium signaling in mediating cellular behavior and myelination.
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45
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Ronzano R, Thetiot M, Lubetzki C, Desmazieres A. Myelin Plasticity and Repair: Neuro-Glial Choir Sets the Tuning. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:42. [PMID: 32180708 PMCID: PMC7059744 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of the central nervous system (CNS) in response to neuronal activity has been suggested as early as 1894 by Cajal (1894). CNS plasticity has first been studied with a focus on neuronal structures. However, in the last decade, myelin plasticity has been unraveled as an adaptive mechanism of importance, in addition to the previously described processes of myelin repair. Indeed, it is now clear that myelin remodeling occurs along with life and adapts to the activity of neuronal networks. Until now, it has been considered as a two-part dialog between the neuron and the oligodendroglial lineage. However, other glial cell types might be at play in myelin plasticity. In the present review, we first summarize the key structural parameters for myelination, we then describe how neuronal activity modulates myelination and finally discuss how other glial cells could participate in myelinic adaptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Ronzano
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR7225-Inserm U1127, Paris, France
| | - Melina Thetiot
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR7225-Inserm U1127, Paris, France
- Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR7225-Inserm U1127, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne Desmazieres
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR7225-Inserm U1127, Paris, France
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46
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Chen TJ, Kula B, Nagy B, Barzan R, Gall A, Ehrlich I, Kukley M. In Vivo Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by the AMPA-Receptor Subunit GluA2. Cell Rep 2019; 25:852-861.e7. [PMID: 30355492 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional role of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) remains enigmatic. We modified the properties of AMPARs at axon-OPC synapses in the mouse corpus callosum in vivo during the peak of myelination by targeting the GluA2 subunit. Expression of the unedited (Ca2+ permeable) or the pore-dead GluA2 subunit of AMPARs triggered proliferation of OPCs and reduced their differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Expression of the cytoplasmic C-terminal (GluA2(813-862)) of the GluA2 subunit (C-tail), a modification designed to affect the interaction between GluA2 and AMPAR-binding proteins and to perturb trafficking of GluA2-containing AMPARs, decreased the differentiation of OPCs without affecting their proliferation. These findings suggest that ionotropic and non-ionotropic properties of AMPARs in OPCs, as well as specific aspects of AMPAR-mediated signaling at axon-OPC synapses in the mouse corpus callosum, are important for balancing the response of OPCs to proliferation and differentiation cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jiun Chen
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bartosz Kula
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ruxandra Barzan
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Gall
- Learning and Memory Group, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Learning and Memory Group, Hertie Institute for Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, IBBS, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ingrid Ehrlich
- Learning and Memory Group, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Learning and Memory Group, Hertie Institute for Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, IBBS, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Kukley
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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47
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Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Spitzer et al. (2019) demonstrate age- and region-dependent diversity in the expression of voltage-gated ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors in oligodendrocyte progenitors. These define their interactions with neurons and thus suggest an increasing functional heterogeneity with age and between brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Trotter
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mittmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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48
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Foster AY, Bujalka H, Emery B. Axoglial interactions in myelin plasticity: Evaluating the relationship between neuronal activity and oligodendrocyte dynamics. Glia 2019; 67:2038-2049. [PMID: 31038804 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a critical component of the vertebrate nervous system, both increasing the conduction velocity of myelinated axons and allowing for metabolic coupling between the myelinating cells and axons. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that myelination is not simply a developmentally hardwired program, but rather that new myelinating oligodendrocytes can be generated throughout life. The generation of these oligodendrocytes and the formation of myelin are influenced both during development and adulthood by experience and levels of neuronal activity. This led to the concept of adaptive myelination, where ongoing activity-dependent changes to myelin represent a form of neural plasticity, refining neuronal functioning, and circuitry. Although human neuroimaging experiments support the concept of dynamic changes within specific white matter tracts relevant to individual tasks, animal studies have only just begun to probe the extent to which neuronal activity may alter myelination at the level of individual circuits and axons. Uncovering the role of adaptive myelination requires a detailed understanding of the localized interactions that occur between active axons and myelinating cells. In this review, we focus on recent animal studies that have begun to investigate the interactions between active axons and myelinating cells and review the evidence for-and against-the ability of neuronal activity to alter myelination at an axon-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Y Foster
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Helena Bujalka
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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49
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Cullen CL, Senesi M, Tang AD, Clutterbuck MT, Auderset L, O'Rourke ME, Rodger J, Young KM. Low-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes the survival and maturation of newborn oligodendrocytes in the adult mouse brain. Glia 2019; 67:1462-1477. [PMID: 30989733 PMCID: PMC6790715 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal activity is a potent extrinsic regulator of oligodendrocyte generation and central nervous system myelination. Clinically, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is delivered to noninvasively modulate neuronal activity; however, the ability of rTMS to facilitate adaptive myelination has not been explored. By performing cre‐lox lineage tracing, to follow the fate of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the adult mouse brain, we determined that low intensity rTMS (LI‐rTMS), administered as an intermittent theta burst stimulation, but not as a continuous theta burst or 10 Hz stimulation, increased the number of newborn oligodendrocytes in the adult mouse cortex. LI‐rTMS did not alter oligodendrogenesis per se, but instead increased cell survival and enhanced myelination. These data suggest that LI‐rTMS can be used to noninvasively promote myelin addition to the brain, which has potential implications for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Matteo Senesi
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alexander D Tang
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Loic Auderset
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Megan E O'Rourke
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Brain Plasticity Lab, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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50
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Tsata V, Kroehne V, Reinhardt S, El-Armouche A, Brand M, Wagner M, Reimer MM. Electrophysiological Properties of Adult Zebrafish Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:102. [PMID: 31031593 PMCID: PMC6473327 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low remyelination efficiency after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major restraint to successful axonal and functional regeneration in mammals. In contrast, adult zebrafish can: (i) regenerate oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths within 2 weeks post lesion; (ii) re-grow axonal projections across the lesion site and (iii) recover locomotor function within 6 weeks after spinal cord transection. However, little is known about the intrinsic properties of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), the remyelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we demonstrate that purified OPCs from the adult zebrafish spinal cord are electrically active. They functionally express voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channels, glutamate receptors and exhibit depolarizing, tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive spikes, as previously seen in rodent and human OPCs. Furthermore, we show that the percentage of zebrafish OPCs exhibiting depolarizing spikes and Nav-mediated currents is lower as compared to rodent white matter OPCs, where these membrane characteristics have been shown to underlie OPC injury susceptibility. These findings imply that adult zebrafish OPCs resemble electrical properties found in mammals and represent a relevant cell type towards understanding the biology of the primary cells targeted in remyelination therapies for non-regenerative species. The in vitro platform introduced in this study could be used in the future to: (i) elucidate how membrane characteristics of zebrafish OPCs change upon injury and (ii) identify potential signaling components underlying OPC injury recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsata
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universitaet, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Kroehne
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universitaet, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- Dresden Genome Center, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universitaet, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Rhythmology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michell M Reimer
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universitaet, Dresden, Germany
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