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Shi Q, Song G, Song L, Wang Y, Ma J, Zhang L, Yuan E. Unravelling the function of prdm16 in human tumours: A comparative analysis of haematologic and solid tumours. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117281. [PMID: 39137651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that PR domain 16 (PRDM16) plays a critical role in adipose tissue metabolism, including processes such as browning and thermogenesis of adipocytes, beigeing of adipocytes, and adipogenic differentiation of myoblasts. These functions have been associated with diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Additionally, PRDM16 has been correlated with various other conditions, including migraines, heterochromatin abnormalities, metabolic syndrome, cardiomyopathy, sarcopenia, nonsyndromic cleft lip, and essential hypertension, among others. However, there is currently no systematic or comprehensive conclusion regarding the mechanism of PRDM16 in human tumours, including haematologic and solid tumours. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the research progress on PRDM16 in haematologic and solid tumours by incorporating recent literature findings. Furthermore, we explore the prospects of PRDM16 in the precise diagnosis and treatment of human haematologic and solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Guangyong Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Liying Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Enwu Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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Staels W, Berthault C, Bourgeois S, Laville V, Lourenço C, De Leu N, Scharfmann R. Comprehensive alpha, beta, and delta cell transcriptomics reveal an association of cellular aging with MHC class I upregulation. Mol Metab 2024; 87:101990. [PMID: 39009220 PMCID: PMC11327396 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a purification method developed for isolating alpha, beta, and delta cells from pancreatic islets of adult mice, extending its application to islets from newborn and aged mice. Furthermore, it sought to examine transcriptome dynamics in mouse pancreatic endocrine islet cells throughout postnatal development and to validate age-related alterations within these cell populations. METHODS We leveraged the high surface expression of CD71 on beta cells and CD24 on delta cells to FACS-purify alpha, beta, and delta cells from newborn (1-week-old), adult (12-week-old), and old (18-month-old) mice. Bulk RNA sequencing was conducted on these purified cell populations, and subsequent bioinformatic analyses included differential gene expression, overrepresentation, and intersection analysis. RESULTS Alpha, beta, and delta cells from newborn and aged mice were successfully FACS-purified using the same method employed for adult mice. Our analysis of the age-related transcriptional changes in alpha, beta, and delta cell populations revealed a decrease in cell cycling and an increase in neuron-like features processes during the transition from newborn to adult mice. Progressing from adult to old mice, we identified an inflammatory gene signature related to aging (inflammaging) encompassing an increase in β-2 microglobulin and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of our cell sorting technique in purifying endocrine subsets from mouse islets at different ages. We provide a valuable resource for better understanding endocrine pancreas aging and identified an inflammaging gene signature with increased β-2 microglobulin and MHC Class I expression as a common hallmark of old alpha, beta, and delta cells, with potential implications for immune response regulation and age-related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Staels
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - C Berthault
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - S Bourgeois
- Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Laville
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - C Lourenço
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - N De Leu
- Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - R Scharfmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
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Brooks EP, Sussel L. Not the second fiddle: α cell development, identity, and function in health and diabetes. J Endocrinol 2023; 258:e220297. [PMID: 37171828 PMCID: PMC10524258 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Historic and emerging studies provide evidence for the deterioration of pancreatic α cell function and identity in diabetes mellitus. Increased access to human tissue and the availability of more sophisticated molecular technologies have identified key insights into how α cell function and identity are preserved in healthy conditions and how they become dysfunctional in response to stress. These studies have revealed evidence of impaired glucagon secretion, shifts in α cell electrophysiology, changes in α cell mass, dysregulation of α cell transcription, and α-to-β cell conversion prior to and during diabetes. In this review, we outline the current state of research on α cell identity in health and disease. Evidence in model organisms and humans suggests that in addition to β cell dysfunction, diabetes is associated with a fundamental dysregulation of α cell identity. Importantly, epigenetic studies have revealed that α cells retain more poised and open chromatin at key cell-specific and diabetes-dysregulated genes, supporting the model that the inherent epigenetic plasticity of α cells makes them susceptible to the transcriptional changes that potentiate the loss of identity and function seen in diabetes. Thus, additional research into the maintenance of α cell identity and function is critical to fully understanding diabetes. Furthermore, these studies suggest α cells could represent an alternative source of new β cells for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott P Brooks
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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4
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Hu N, Zou L, Wang C, Song G. RUNX1T1 function in cell fate. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:369. [PMID: 35902872 PMCID: PMC9330642 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1T1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1, translocated to 1), a myeloid translocation gene (MTG) family member, is usually investigated as part of the fusion protein RUNX1-RUNX1T1 for its role in acute myeloid leukemia. In the main, by recruiting histone deacetylases, RUNX1T1 negatively influences transcription, enabling it to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, the formation of blood vessels, neuronal differentiation, microglial activation following injury, and intestinal development all relate closely to the expression of RUNX1T1. Furthermore, through alternative splicing of RUNX1T1, short and long isoforms have been noted to mediate adipogenesis by balancing the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes. In addition, RUNX1T1 plays wide-ranging and diverse roles in carcinoma as a biomarker, suppressor, or positive regulator of carcinogenesis, closely correlated to specific organs and dominant signaling pathways. The aim of this work was to investigate the structure of RUNX1T1, which contains four conserved nervy homolog domains, and to demonstrate crosstalk with the Notch signaling pathway. Moreover, we endeavored to illustrate the effects of RUNX1T1 on cell fate from multiple aspects, including its influence on hematopoiesis, neuronal differentiation, microglial activation, intestinal development, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linqing Zou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Duvall E, Benitez CM, Tellez K, Enge M, Pauerstein PT, Li L, Baek S, Quake SR, Smith JP, Sheffield NC, Kim SK, Arda HE. Single-cell transcriptome and accessible chromatin dynamics during endocrine pancreas development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201267119. [PMID: 35733248 PMCID: PMC9245718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201267119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Delineating gene regulatory networks that orchestrate cell-type specification is a continuing challenge for developmental biologists. Single-cell analyses offer opportunities to address these challenges and accelerate discovery of rare cell lineage relationships and mechanisms underlying hierarchical lineage decisions. Here, we describe the molecular analysis of mouse pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation using single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility assays coupled to genetic labeling, and cytometry-based cell purification. We uncover transcription factor networks that delineate β-, α-, and δ-cell lineages. Through genomic footprint analysis, we identify transcription factor-regulatory DNA interactions governing pancreatic cell development at unprecedented resolution. Our analysis suggests that the transcription factor Neurog3 may act as a pioneer transcription factor to specify the pancreatic endocrine lineage. These findings could improve protocols to generate replacement endocrine cells from renewable sources, like stem cells, for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Duvall
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cecil M. Benitez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Krissie Tellez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Martin Enge
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Philip T. Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Songjoon Baek
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jason P. Smith
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Nathan C. Sheffield
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Seung K. Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - H. Efsun Arda
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Jiang N, Yang M, Han Y, Zhao H, Sun L. PRDM16 Regulating Adipocyte Transformation and Thermogenesis: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870250. [PMID: 35462933 PMCID: PMC9024053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that obesity and diabetes have been major public health concerns and that disease morbidities have been rising continuously, effective treatment for these diseases is urgently needed. Because adipose tissue metabolism is involved in the progression of obesity and diabetes, it might be efficient to target adipocyte metabolic pathways. Positive regulatory domain zinc finger region protein 16 (PRDM16), a transcription factor that is highly expressed in adipocytes, plays a key role in adipose tissue metabolism, such as the browning and thermogenesis of adipocytes, the beigeing of adipocytes, the adipogenic differentiation of myoblasts, and the conversion of visceral adipocytes to subcutaneous adipocytes. Furthermore, clinical and basic studies have shown that the expression of PRDM16 is associated with obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 signaling participates in the treatment of the two diseases. For example, metformin promotes thermogenesis and alleviates obesity by activating the AMPK/αKG/PRDM16 signaling pathway; rosiglitazone alleviates obesity under the synergistic effect of PRDM16; resveratrol plays an antiobesity role by inducing the expression of PRDM16; liraglupeptide improves insulin resistance by inducing the expression of PRDM16; and mulberry leaves play an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetes role by activating the expression of brown fat cell marker genes (including PRDM16). In this review, we summarize the evidence of PRDM16 involvement in the progression of obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 may be a promising therapy for obesity and diabetes.
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Mitofusin2 Promotes β Cell Maturation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells via Sirt3/Idh2 Activation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1172795. [PMID: 35386849 PMCID: PMC8977338 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1172795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
β cell dysfunction is the leading cause of diabetes. Adult β cells have matured glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), whereas fetal and neonatal β cells are insensitive to glucose and are functionally immature. However, how β cells mature and acquire robust GSIS is not fully understood. Here, we explored the potential regulatory proteins of β cell maturation process and the capacity for GSIS. Combined with the data from public databases, we found that the gene expression of Mitofusin2 (Mfn2) showed an increasing trend from mouse neonatal β cells to mature β cells. Moreover, its protein expression increased during mouse embryonic pancreas development and β cell differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells. Knocking down Mfn2 reduced Urocortin3 (Ucn3) expression, GSIS, and ATP production in induced β cells, while overexpressing it had the opposite effect. However, neither Mfn2 knockdown nor overexpression affected the differentiation rate of insulin-positive cells. In immature and mature β cells, Mfn2 and its correlated genes were enriched in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related pathways. The expressions of Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+) and mitochondrial (Idh2) were Mfn2-regulated during β cell differentiation. Inhibiting Idh2 or Sirt3 reduced cellular ATP content and insulin secretion levels that increased by Mfn2 overexpression. Thus, Mfn2 modulated the induced β cell GSIS by influencing the TCA cycle through Sirt3/Idh2 activation. We demonstrated that Mfn2 promoted embryonic stem cell-derived β cell maturation via the Sirt3/Idh2 pathway, providing new insights into β cell development. Our data contribute to understanding diabetes pathogenesis and offer potential new targets for β cell regeneration therapies.
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8
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Milan M, Diaferia GR, Natoli G. Tumor cell heterogeneity and its transcriptional bases in pancreatic cancer: a tale of two cell types and their many variants. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107206. [PMID: 33844319 PMCID: PMC8246061 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most highly lethal tumors, is characterized by complex histology, with a massive fibrotic stroma in which both pseudo-glandular structures and compact nests of abnormally differentiated tumor cells are embedded, in different proportions and with different mutual relationships in space. This complexity and the heterogeneity of the tumor component have hindered the development of a broadly accepted, clinically actionable classification of PDACs, either on a morphological or a molecular basis. Here, we discuss evidence suggesting that such heterogeneity can to a large extent, albeit not exclusively, be traced back to two main classes of PDAC cells that commonly coexist in the same tumor: cells that maintained their ability to differentiate toward endodermal, mucin-producing epithelia and epithelial cells unable to form glandular structures and instead characterized by various levels of squamous differentiation and the expression of mesenchymal lineage genes. The underlying gene regulatory networks and how they are controlled by distinct transcription factors, as well as the practical implications of these two different populations of tumor cells, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Milan
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCSMilanItaly
- Present address:
The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCSMilanItaly
- Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
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Sanavia T, Huang C, Manduchi E, Xu Y, Dadi PK, Potter LA, Jacobson DA, Di Camillo B, Magnuson MA, Stoeckert CJ, Gu G. Temporal Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Patterns Driving β-Cell Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648791. [PMID: 34017831 PMCID: PMC8129579 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly differentiated pancreatic β cells lack proper insulin secretion profiles of mature functional β cells. The global gene expression differences between paired immature and mature β cells have been studied, but the dynamics of transcriptional events, correlating with temporal development of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), remain to be fully defined. This aspect is important to identify which genes and pathways are necessary for β-cell development or for maturation, as defective insulin secretion is linked with diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we assayed through RNA sequencing the global gene expression across six β-cell developmental stages in mice, spanning from β-cell progenitor to mature β cells. A computational pipeline then selected genes differentially expressed with respect to progenitors and clustered them into groups with distinct temporal patterns associated with biological functions and pathways. These patterns were finally correlated with experimental GSIS, calcium influx, and insulin granule formation data. Gene expression temporal profiling revealed the timing of important biological processes across β-cell maturation, such as the deregulation of β-cell developmental pathways and the activation of molecular machineries for vesicle biosynthesis and transport, signal transduction of transmembrane receptors, and glucose-induced Ca2+ influx, which were established over a week before β-cell maturation completes. In particular, β cells developed robust insulin secretion at high glucose several days after birth, coincident with the establishment of glucose-induced calcium influx. Yet the neonatal β cells displayed high basal insulin secretion, which decreased to the low levels found in mature β cells only a week later. Different genes associated with calcium-mediated processes, whose alterations are linked with insulin resistance and deregulation of glucose homeostasis, showed increased expression across β-cell stages, in accordance with the temporal acquisition of proper GSIS. Our temporal gene expression pattern analysis provided a comprehensive database of the underlying molecular components and biological mechanisms driving β-cell maturation at different temporal stages, which are fundamental for better control of the in vitro production of functional β cells from human embryonic stem/induced pluripotent cell for transplantation-based type 1 diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Sanavia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chen Huang
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Leah A Potter
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Vanderbilt Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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10
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ZNF410 represses fetal globin by singular control of CHD4. Nat Genet 2021; 53:719-728. [PMID: 33859416 PMCID: PMC8180380 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Known fetal hemoglobin (HbF) silencers have potential on-target liabilities for rational β-hemoglobinopathy therapeutic inhibition. Here, through transcription factor (TF) CRISPR screening, we identify zinc-finger protein (ZNF) 410 as an HbF repressor. ZNF410 does not bind directly to the genes encoding γ-globins, but rather its chromatin occupancy is concentrated solely at CHD4, encoding the NuRD nucleosome remodeler, which is itself required for HbF repression. CHD4 has two ZNF410-bound regulatory elements with 27 combined ZNF410 binding motifs constituting unparalleled genomic clusters. These elements completely account for the effects of ZNF410 on fetal globin repression. Knockout of ZNF410 or its mouse homolog Zfp410 reduces CHD4 levels by 60%, enough to substantially de-repress HbF while eluding cellular or organismal toxicity. These studies suggest a potential target for HbF induction for β-hemoglobin disorders with a wide therapeutic index. More broadly, ZNF410 represents a special class of gene regulator, a conserved TF with singular devotion to regulation of a chromatin subcomplex.
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11
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Gu Y, Wu X, Zhang J, Fang Y, Pan Y, Shu Y, Ma P. The evolving landscape of N 6-methyladenosine modification in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1703-1715. [PMID: 33839323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), controlled by intrinsic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and epigenetic modifications, has, in recent years, become a heavily researched topic. The TME can be described in terms of hypoxia, metabolic dysregulation, immune escape, and chronic inflammation. RNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, has recently been found to have a pivotal role in shaping the TME. The N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) modification is the most common type of RNA methylation that occurs in the N6-position of adenosine, which is the primary internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that m6A regulates transcriptional and protein expression through splicing, translation, degradation, and export, thereby mediating the biological processes of cancer cells and/or stromal cells and characterizing the TME. The TME also has a crucial role in the complicated regulatory network of m6A modifications and, subsequently, influences tumor initiation, progression, and therapy responses. In this review, we describe the features of the TME and how the m6A modification modulates and interacts with it. We also focus on various factors and pathways involved in m6A methylation. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies and prognostic biomarkers with respect to the TME and m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Clinic School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Pan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Q, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Qian J, Wang C, Yang T, Prasadan K, Gittes GK, Xiao X. Insulin-positive ductal cells do not migrate into preexisting islets during pregnancy. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:605-614. [PMID: 33820959 PMCID: PMC8102600 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult pancreatic ductal system was suggested to harbor facultative beta-cell progenitors similar to the embryonic pancreas, and the appearance of insulin-positive duct cells has been used as evidence for natural duct-to-beta-cell reprogramming. Nevertheless, the phenotype and fate of these insulin-positive cells in ducts have not been determined. Here, we used a cell-tagging dye, CFDA-SE, to permanently label pancreatic duct cells through an intraductal infusion technique. Representing a time when significant increases in beta-cell mass occur, pregnancy was later induced in these CFDA-SE-treated mice to assess the phenotype and fate of the insulin-positive cells in ducts. We found that a small portion of CFDA-SE-labeled duct cells became insulin-positive, but they were not fully functional beta-cells based on the in vitro glucose response and the expression levels of key beta-cell genes. Moreover, these insulin-positive cells in ducts expressed significantly lower levels of genes associated with extracellular matrix degradation and cell migration, which may thus prevent their budding and migration into preexisting islets. A similar conclusion was reached through analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus database for both mice and humans. Together, our data suggest that the contribution of duct cells to normal beta-cells in adult islets is minimal at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Yinan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jieqi Qian
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chaoban Wang
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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13
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Sun ZY, Yu TY, Jiang FX, Wang W. Functional maturation of immature β cells: A roadblock for stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:193-207. [PMID: 33815669 PMCID: PMC8006013 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the specific destruction of pancreatic islet β cells and is characterized as the absolute insufficiency of insulin secretion. Current insulin replacement therapy supplies insulin in a non-physiological way and is associated with devastating complications. Experimental islet transplantation therapy has been proven to restore glucose homeostasis in people with severe T1DM. However, it is restricted by many factors such as severe shortage of donor sources, progressive loss of donor cells, high cost, etc. As pluripotent stem cells have the potential to give rise to all cells including islet β cells in the body, stem cell therapy for diabetes has attracted great attention in the academic community and the general public. Transplantation of islet β-like cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has the potential to be an excellent alternative to islet transplantation. In stem cell therapy, obtaining β cells with complete insulin secretion in vitro is crucial. However, after much research, it has been found that the β-like cells obtained by in vitro differentiation still have many defects, including lack of adult-type glucose stimulated insulin secretion, and multi-hormonal secretion, suggesting that in vitro culture does not allows for obtaining fully mature β-like cells for transplantation. A large number of studies have found that many transcription factors play important roles in the process of transforming immature to mature human islet β cells. Furthermore, PDX1, NKX6.1, SOX9, NGN3, PAX4, etc., are important in inducing hPSC differentiation in vitro. The absent or deficient expression of any of these key factors may lead to the islet development defect in vivo and the failure of stem cells to differentiate into genuine functional β-like cells in vitro. This article reviews β cell maturation in vivo and in vitro and the vital roles of key molecules in this process, in order to explore the current problems in stem cell therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting-Yan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fang-Xu Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China.
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14
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Osipovich AB, Dudek KD, Greenfest-Allen E, Cartailler JP, Manduchi E, Potter Case L, Choi E, Chapman AG, Clayton HW, Gu G, Stoeckert CJ, Magnuson MA. A developmental lineage-based gene co-expression network for mouse pancreatic β-cells reveals a role for Zfp800 in pancreas development. Development 2021; 148:dev.196964. [PMID: 33653874 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To gain a deeper understanding of pancreatic β-cell development, we used iterative weighted gene correlation network analysis to calculate a gene co-expression network (GCN) from 11 temporally and genetically defined murine cell populations. The GCN, which contained 91 distinct modules, was then used to gain three new biological insights. First, we found that the clustered protocadherin genes are differentially expressed during pancreas development. Pcdhγ genes are preferentially expressed in pancreatic endoderm, Pcdhβ genes in nascent islets, and Pcdhα genes in mature β-cells. Second, after extracting sub-networks of transcriptional regulators for each developmental stage, we identified 81 zinc finger protein (ZFP) genes that are preferentially expressed during endocrine specification and β-cell maturation. Third, we used the GCN to select three ZFPs for further analysis by CRISPR mutagenesis of mice. Zfp800 null mice exhibited early postnatal lethality, and at E18.5 their pancreata exhibited a reduced number of pancreatic endocrine cells, alterations in exocrine cell morphology, and marked changes in expression of genes involved in protein translation, hormone secretion and developmental pathways in the pancreas. Together, our results suggest that developmentally oriented GCNs have utility for gaining new insights into gene regulation during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karrie D Dudek
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Emily Greenfest-Allen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leah Potter Case
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Austin G Chapman
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hannah W Clayton
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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15
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Mao R, Yang F, Zhang Y, Liu H, Guo P, Liu Y, Zhang T. High expression of CD52 in adipocytes: a potential therapeutic target for obesity with type 2 diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11043-11060. [PMID: 33705353 PMCID: PMC8109061 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the involvement of CD52 in adipocytes as well as to explore its effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to improve our understanding of the potential molecular events of obesity with type 2 diabetes. Global changes in the CD52 expression patterns were detected in adipocytes and preadipocytes derived from obese and lean individuals. In particular, CD52 was identified as significantly differentially upregulated and was analyzed, both in vitro and in vivo, using various approaches. In vitro experiments, CD52 was a significantly up-regulated mRNA in mature adipocytes and preadipocytes. In addition, CD52 gradually increased with the differentiation of preadipocytes. In vivo experiments, the expression of CD52 in high-fat diet (HFD) -fed mice tended to be higher than that in regular diet (RD) -fed mice. Further analysis showed that CD52 expression was positively correlated with Smad3 and TGF-β in mice, and the downregulation of CD52 was accompanied by increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, a comparison of CD4+CD52high T cells and CD4+CD52low T cells showed that many T2DM-related genes were aberrantly expressed. Overall, CD52 may functioned as an important potential target for obesity with T2DM via TGF-β/Smad3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Emergency Department, Third Clinical Medical College, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Pengsen Guo
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.,Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
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16
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Zou L, Li H, Han X, Qin J, Song G. Runx1t1 promotes the neuronal differentiation in rat hippocampus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:160. [PMID: 32321587 PMCID: PMC7178948 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 translocated to 1 (Runx1t1) is one of the members of the myeloid translocation gene family. Our previous work showed that Runx1t1 induced the neuronal differentiation of radial glia cells in vitro. Methods To better uncover the role of Runx1t1 in hippocampal neurogenesis, in this study, we further explore its localization and function during the hippocampal neurogenesis. Results Our results showed that insufficient expression of Runx1t1 reduced the neuronal differentiation, and overexpression of Runx1t1 promoted the neuronal differentiation in vitro. We also found that Runx1t1 localized in neurons but not astrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that Runx1t1 overexpression elevated the number of newborn neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Conclusions Taken together, our results further proved that Runx1t1 could be worked as a regulator in the process of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Zou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Haoming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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17
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Loss of RE-1 silencing transcription factor accelerates exocrine damage from pancreatic injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:138. [PMID: 32080178 PMCID: PMC7033132 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of pancreas plasticity is critical for preventing injury and promoting regeneration upon tissue damage. The intricate process of pancreatic differentiation is governed by an orchestrated network of positive and negative transcription factors for appropriate gene expression. While the transcriptional repressor REST is well characterized as a silencer of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells, the role of REST in regulating exocrine pancreas cell identity remains largely unexplored. Rest expression is increased upon injury in the mouse pancreas, such as induced acute and chronic pancreatitis and ductal adenocarcinoma. At the cellular level, Rest expression is lower in mature acinar cells compared with pancreas progenitor and ductal cells. To investigate the role of REST activity in pancreatic transdifferentiation and homeostasis, we developed a novel mouse model (Cre/RESTfl/fl) with conditional knockout (KO) of Rest expression within pancreas cells. The high Cre-mediated excision efficiency of Rest exon two KO caused decreased Rest expression and activity within the pancreas. Short-term organoid cultures of pancreatic acini to undergo acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) showed that loss of REST impedes induced ADM, while overexpression of REST increases ADM. Interestingly, REST ablation accelerated acute pancreatitis in mice treated with the cholecystokinin analog caerulein, as indicated by cellular morphology, elevated serum amylase levels and pancreatic edema. Furthermore, Cre/RESTfl/fl mice were more sensitive to acute pancreatitis injury and displayed augmented tissue damage and cellular lesions. These results suggest REST has a novel protective role against pancreatic tissue damage by acting as a regulator of exocrine cell identity.
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18
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Song J, Jiang X, Juan J, Cao Y, Chibnik LB, Hofman A, Wu T, Hu Y. Role of metabolic syndrome and its components as mediators of the genetic effect on type 2 diabetes: A family-based study in China. J Diabetes 2019; 11:552-562. [PMID: 30520249 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) share a genetic basis with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether MetS and its components mediate genetic susceptibility to T2D is not completely understood. METHODS We assessed the effects of MetS and its components on associations T2D and 18 genome-wide association studies-identified variants using a two-stage strategy based on parametric models involving 7110 Chinese participants (2436 were T2D patients) across 2885 families. Multilevel logistic regression was used to account for the intrafamilial correlation. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome significantly mediated the effect of a melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) polymorphism on T2D risk (OR of average causal mediation effect [ORACME ] 1.004; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.001-1.008; P = 0.018). In addition, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels mediated the genetic effects of MTNR1B (ORACME 1.012; 95% CI 1.007-1.015; P < 0.001), solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8; ORACME 1.001; 95% CI 1.000-1.007; P < 0.040), B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A; ORACME 1.009; 95% CI 1.007-1.016; P < 0.001), prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1; ORACME 1.005; 95% CI 1.003-1.011; P < 0.001) and a disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 9 (ADAMTS9; ORACME 1.006; 95% CI 1.001-1.009; P = 0.022), whereas increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) significantly mediated the genetic effect of BCL11A (ORACME 1.017; 95% CI 1.003-1.021; P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that MetS and two of its components (HDL-C, FBG) may be involved in mediating the genetic predisposition to T2D, which emphasize the importance of maintaining normal HDL-C and FBG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juan Juan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaying Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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19
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Chen XY, Zhang J, Zhu JS. The role of m 6A RNA methylation in human cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:103. [PMID: 31142332 PMCID: PMC6540575 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 673] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is identified as the most common, abundant and conserved internal transcriptional modification, especially within eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs). M6A modification is installed by the m6A methyltransferases (METTL3/14, WTAP, RBM15/15B and KIAA1429, termed as "writers"), reverted by the demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5, termed as "erasers") and recognized by m6A binding proteins (YTHDF1/2/3, IGF2BP1 and HNRNPA2B1, termed as "readers"). Acumulating evidence shows that, m6A RNA methylation has an outsize effect on RNA production/metabolism and participates in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including cancers. Until now, the molecular mechanisms underlying m6A RNA methylation in various tumors have not been comprehensively clarified. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances in biological function of m6A modifications in human cancer and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jin-Shui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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20
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Liu J, Banerjee A, Herring CA, Attalla J, Hu R, Xu Y, Shao Q, Simmons AJ, Dadi PK, Wang S, Jacobson DA, Liu B, Hodges E, Lau KS, Gu G. Neurog3-Independent Methylation Is the Earliest Detectable Mark Distinguishing Pancreatic Progenitor Identity. Dev Cell 2019; 48:49-63.e7. [PMID: 30620902 PMCID: PMC6327977 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the developing pancreas, transient Neurog3-expressing progenitors give rise to four major islet cell types: α, β, δ, and γ; when and how the Neurog3+ cells choose cell fate is unknown. Using single-cell RNA-seq, trajectory analysis, and combinatorial lineage tracing, we showed here that the Neurog3+ cells co-expressing Myt1 (i.e., Myt1+Neurog3+) were biased toward β cell fate, while those not simultaneously expressing Myt1 (Myt1-Neurog3+) favored α fate. Myt1 manipulation only marginally affected α versus β cell specification, suggesting Myt1 as a marker but not determinant for islet-cell-type specification. The Myt1+Neurog3+ cells displayed higher Dnmt1 expression and enhancer methylation at Arx, an α-fate-promoting gene. Inhibiting Dnmts in pancreatic progenitors promoted α cell specification, while Dnmt1 overexpression or Arx enhancer hypermethylation favored β cell production. Moreover, the pancreatic progenitors contained distinct Arx enhancer methylation states without transcriptionally definable sub-populations, a phenotype independent of Neurog3 activity. These data suggest that Neurog3-independent methylation on fate-determining gene enhancers specifies distinct endocrine-cell programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles A Herring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan Attalla
- Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry and the Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ruiying Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiujia Shao
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Alan J Simmons
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bindong Liu
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Emily Hodges
- Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry and the Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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21
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Tritschler S, Dony L, Scheibner K, Tarquis-Medina M, Salinno C, Schirge S, Burtscher I, Böttcher A, Theis F, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Massive single-cell mRNA profiling reveals a detailed roadmap for pancreatic endocrinogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.173849. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering mechanisms of endocrine cell induction, specification and lineage allocation in vivo will provide valuable insights into how the islets of Langerhans are generated. Currently, it is ill defined how endocrine progenitors segregate into different endocrine subtypes during development. Here, we generated a novel Neurogenin3 (Ngn3)-Venus fusion (NVF) reporter mouse line, that closely mirrors the transient endogenous Ngn3 protein expression. To define an in vivo roadmap of endocrinogenesis, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of 36,351 pancreatic epithelial and NVF+ cells during secondary transition. This allowed to time-resolve and distinguish Ngn3low endocrine progenitors, Ngn3high endocrine precursors, Fev+ endocrine lineage and hormone+ endocrine subtypes and delineate molecular programs during the stepwise lineage restriction steps. Strikingly, we identified 58 novel signature genes that show the same transient expression dynamics as Ngn3 in the 7,260 profiled Ngn3-expressing cells. The differential expression of these genes in endocrine precursors associated with their cell-fate allocation towards distinct endocrine cell types. Thus, the generation of an accurately regulated NVF reporter allowed us to temporally resolve endocrine lineage development to provide a fine-grained single-cell molecular profile of endocrinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Leander Dony
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Schirge
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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22
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Byrnes LE, Wong DM, Subramaniam M, Meyer NP, Gilchrist CL, Knox SM, Tward AD, Ye CJ, Sneddon JB. Lineage dynamics of murine pancreatic development at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3922. [PMID: 30254276 PMCID: PMC6156586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis requires the complex interactions of multiple cell lineages that coordinate their expansion, differentiation, and maturation over time. Here, we profile the cell types within the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of the murine pancreas across developmental time using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and genetic lineage tracing. We identify previously underappreciated cellular heterogeneity of the developing mesenchyme and reconstruct potential lineage relationships among the pancreatic mesothelium and mesenchymal cell types. Within the epithelium, we find a previously undescribed endocrine progenitor population, as well as an analogous population in both human fetal tissue and human embryonic stem cells differentiating toward a pancreatic beta cell fate. Further, we identify candidate transcriptional regulators along the differentiation trajectory of this population toward the alpha or beta cell lineages. This work establishes a roadmap of pancreatic development and demonstrates the broad utility of this approach for understanding lineage dynamics in developing organs. Coordinated proliferation and differentiation of diverse cell populations drive pancreatic epithelial and mesenchymal development. Here, the authors profile cell type dynamics in the developing mouse pancreas using single-cell RNA sequencing, identifying mesenchymal subtypes and undescribed endocrine progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Byrnes
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Daniel M Wong
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Meena Subramaniam
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Meyer
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Caroline L Gilchrist
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Aaron D Tward
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Chun J Ye
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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23
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Arda HE, Tsai J, Rosli YR, Giresi P, Bottino R, Greenleaf WJ, Chang HY, Kim SK. A Chromatin Basis for Cell Lineage and Disease Risk in the Human Pancreas. Cell Syst 2018; 7:310-322.e4. [PMID: 30145115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genomic logic that underlies cellular diversity and developmental potential in the human pancreas will accelerate the growth of cell replacement therapies and reveal genetic risk mechanisms in diabetes. Here, we identified and characterized thousands of chromatin regions governing cell-specific gene regulation in human pancreatic endocrine and exocrine lineages, including islet β cells, α cells, duct, and acinar cells. Our findings have captured cellular ontogenies at the chromatin level, identified lineage-specific regulators potentially acting on these sites, and uncovered hallmarks of regulatory plasticity between cell types that suggest mechanisms to regenerate β cells from pancreatic endocrine or exocrine cells. Our work shows that disease risk variants related to pancreas are significantly enriched in these regulatory regions and reveals previously unrecognized links between endocrine and exocrine pancreas in diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Efsun Arda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Tsai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yenny R Rosli
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul Giresi
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, 269 Campus Drive CCSR 2145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, 320 East North Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive West Beckman Center, B-257, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, 269 Campus Drive CCSR 2145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive CCSR 2145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Hancili S, Bonnefond A, Philippe J, Vaillant E, De Graeve F, Sand O, Busiah K, Robert JJ, Polak M, Froguel P, Güven A, Vaxillaire M. A novel NEUROG3 mutation in neonatal diabetes associated with a neuro-intestinal syndrome. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:381-387. [PMID: 28940958 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of non-autoimmune diabetes usually diagnosed in the first 6 months of life. Various genetic defects have been shown to cause NDM with diverse clinical presentations and variable severity. Among transcriptional factor genes associated with isolated or syndromic NDM, a few cases of homozygous mutations in the NEUROG3 gene have been reported, all mutated patients presenting with congenital malabsorptive diarrhea with or without diabetes at a variable age of onset from early life to childhood. Through a targeted next-generation sequencing assay for monogenic diabetes genes, we aimed to search for pathogenic deleterious mutation in a Turkish patient with NDM, severe malabsorptive diarrhea, neurointestinal dysplasia and other atypical features. In this patient, we identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (p.Q4*) in NEUROG3. The same biallelic mutation was found in another affected family member. Of note, the study proband presents with abnormalities of the intrahepatic biliary tract, thyroid gland and central nervous system, which has never been reported before in NEUROG3 mutation carriers. Our findings extend the usually described clinical features associated with NEUROG3 deficiency in humans, and question the extent to which a complete lack of NEUROG3 expression may affect pancreas endocrine function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Hancili
- Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- University of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille, France.,UMR 8199, Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julien Philippe
- University of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille, France.,UMR 8199, Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- University of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille, France.,UMR 8199, Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Franck De Graeve
- University of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille, France.,UMR 8199, Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Sand
- University of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille, France.,UMR 8199, Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kanetee Busiah
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Robert
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille, France.,UMR 8199, Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ayla Güven
- Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.,Amasya University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- University of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille, France.,UMR 8199, Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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25
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Qin K, Zhang N, Zhang Z, Nipper M, Zhu Z, Leighton J, Xu K, Musi N, Wang P. SIRT6-mediated transcriptional suppression of Txnip is critical for pancreatic beta cell function and survival in mice. Diabetologia 2018; 61:906-918. [PMID: 29322219 PMCID: PMC6203439 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Better understanding of how genetic and epigenetic components control beta cell differentiation and function is key to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent beta cell dysfunction and failure in the progression of type 2 diabetes. Our goal was to elucidate the role of histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in beta cell development and homeostasis. METHODS Sirt6 endocrine progenitor cell conditional knockout and beta cell-specific knockout mice were generated using the Cre-loxP system. Mice were assayed for islet morphology, glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and susceptibility to streptozotocin. Transcriptional regulatory functions of SIRT6 in primary islets were evaluated by RNA-Seq analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR and immunoblot were used to verify and investigate the gene expression changes. Chromatin occupancies of SIRT6, H3K9Ac, H3K56Ac and active RNA polymerase II were evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Deletion of Sirt6 in pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells did not affect endocrine morphology, beta cell mass or insulin production but did result in glucose intolerance and defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice. Conditional deletion of Sirt6 in adult beta cells reproduced the insulin secretion defect. Loss of Sirt6 resulted in aberrant upregulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in beta cells. SIRT6 deficiency led to increased acetylation of histone H3 lysine residue at 9 (H3K9Ac), acetylation of histone H3 lysine residue at 56 (H3K56Ac) and active RNA polymerase II at the promoter region of Txnip. SIRT6-deficient beta cells exhibited a time-dependent increase in H3K9Ac, H3K56Ac and TXNIP levels. Finally, beta cell-specific SIRT6-deficient mice showed increased sensitivity to streptozotocin. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results reveal that SIRT6 suppresses Txnip expression in beta cells via deacetylation of histone H3 and plays a critical role in maintaining beta cell function and viability. DATA AVAILABILITY Sequence data have been deposited in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) with the accession code GSE104161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhua Qin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Nipper
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Zhenxin Zhu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jake Leighton
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
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26
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Wang Y, Dorrell C, Naugler WE, Heskett M, Spellman P, Li B, Galivo F, Haft A, Wakefield L, Grompe M. Long-Term Correction of Diabetes in Mice by In Vivo Reprogramming of Pancreatic Ducts. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1327-1342. [PMID: 29550076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct lineage reprogramming can convert readily available cells in the body into desired cell types for cell replacement therapy. This is usually achieved through forced activation or repression of lineage-defining factors or pathways. In particular, reprogramming toward the pancreatic β cell fate has been of great interest in the search for new diabetes therapies. It has been suggested that cells from various endodermal lineages can be converted to β-like cells. However, it is unclear how closely induced cells resemble endogenous pancreatic β cells and whether different cell types have the same reprogramming potential. Here, we report in vivo reprogramming of pancreatic ductal cells through intra-ductal delivery of an adenoviral vector expressing the transcription factors Pdx1, Neurog3, and Mafa. Induced β-like cells are mono-hormonal, express genes essential for β cell function, and correct hyperglycemia in both chemically and genetically induced diabetes models. Compared with intrahepatic ducts and hepatocytes treated with the same vector, pancreatic ducts demonstrated more rapid activation of β cell transcripts and repression of donor cell markers. This approach could be readily adapted to humans through a commonly performed procedure, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and provides potential for cell replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Willscott E Naugler
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael Heskett
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paul Spellman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; CEDAR Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Feorillo Galivo
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Annelise Haft
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Leslie Wakefield
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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27
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EGFR signalling controls cellular fate and pancreatic organogenesis by regulating apicobasal polarity. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1313-1325. [PMID: 29058721 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apicobasal polarity is known to affect epithelial morphogenesis and cell differentiation, but it remains unknown how these processes are mechanistically orchestrated. We find that ligand-specific EGFR signalling via PI(3)K and Rac1 autonomously modulates apicobasal polarity to enforce the sequential control of morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Initially, EGF controls pancreatic tubulogenesis by negatively regulating apical polarity induction. Subsequently, betacellulin, working via inhibition of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), causes apical domain constriction within neurogenin3+ endocrine progenitors, which results in reduced Notch signalling, increased neurogenin3 expression, and β-cell differentiation. Notably, the ligand-specific EGFR output is not driven at the ligand level, but seems to have evolved in response to stage-specific epithelial influences. The EGFR-mediated control of β-cell differentiation via apical polarity is also conserved in human neurogenin3+ cells. We provide insight into how ligand-specific EGFR signalling coordinates epithelial morphogenesis and cell differentiation via apical polarity dynamics.
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28
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Petersen MBK, Azad A, Ingvorsen C, Hess K, Hansson M, Grapin-Botton A, Honoré C. Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis of a Human ESC Model of Pancreatic Endocrine Development Reveals Different Paths to β-Cell Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1246-1261. [PMID: 28919263 PMCID: PMC5639261 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of insulin-producing β cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro represents a promising strategy for a cell-based therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. To explore the cellular heterogeneity and temporal progression of endocrine progenitors and their progeny, we performed single-cell qPCR on more than 500 cells across several stages of in vitro differentiation of hESCs and compared them with human islets. We reveal distinct subpopulations along the endocrine differentiation path and an early lineage bifurcation toward either polyhormonal cells or β-like cells. We uncover several similarities and differences with mouse development and reveal that cells can take multiple paths to the same differentiation state, a principle that could be relevant to other systems. Notably, activation of the key β-cell transcription factor NKX6.1 can be initiated before or after endocrine commitment. The single-cell temporal resolution we provide can be used to improve the production of functional β cells. Single-cell qPCR identifies subpopulations on hESC to endocrine differentiation paths All hESC-derived endocrine cells transcribe multiple hormones in vitro A subpopulation of hESC-derived INS+ cells transcriptionally resembles adult β cells NKX6.1 onset before or after endocrine commitment leads to β-cell differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Borup Kjær Petersen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark; DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ajuna Azad
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Histology and Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Katja Hess
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mattias Hansson
- Global Research External Affairs, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Christian Honoré
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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29
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Pauerstein PT, Tellez K, Willmarth KB, Park KM, Hsueh B, Efsun Arda H, Gu X, Aghajanian H, Deisseroth K, Epstein JA, Kim SK. A radial axis defined by semaphorin-to-neuropilin signaling controls pancreatic islet morphogenesis. Development 2017; 144:3744-3754. [PMID: 28893946 DOI: 10.1242/dev.148684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are endocrine organs characteristically dispersed throughout the pancreas. During development, endocrine progenitors delaminate, migrate radially and cluster to form islets. Despite the distinctive distribution of islets, spatially localized signals that control islet morphogenesis have not been discovered. Here, we identify a radial signaling axis that instructs developing islet cells to disperse throughout the pancreas. A screen of pancreatic extracellular signals identified factors that stimulated islet cell development. These included semaphorin 3a, a guidance cue in neural development without known functions in the pancreas. In the fetal pancreas, peripheral mesenchymal cells expressed Sema3a, while central nascent islet cells produced the semaphorin receptor neuropilin 2 (Nrp2). Nrp2 mutant islet cells developed in proper numbers, but had defects in migration and were unresponsive to purified Sema3a. Mutant Nrp2 islets aggregated centrally and failed to disperse radially. Thus, Sema3a-Nrp2 signaling along an unrecognized pancreatic developmental axis constitutes a chemoattractant system essential for generating the hallmark morphogenetic properties of pancreatic islets. Unexpectedly, Sema3a- and Nrp2-mediated control of islet morphogenesis is strikingly homologous to mechanisms that regulate radial neuronal migration and cortical lamination in the developing mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Krissie Tellez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kirk B Willmarth
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keon Min Park
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian Hsueh
- Departments of Bioengineering and of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Departments of Bioengineering and of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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30
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Liao KH, Chang SJ, Chang HC, Chien CL, Huang TS, Feng TC, Lin WW, Shih CC, Yang MH, Yang SH, Lin CH, Hwang WL, Lee OK. Endothelial angiogenesis is directed by RUNX1T1-regulated VEGFA, BMP4 and TGF-β2 expression. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640846 PMCID: PMC5481149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue angiogenesis is intimately regulated during embryogenesis and postnatal development. Defected angiogenesis contributes to aberrant development and is the main complication associated with ischemia-related diseases. We previously identified the increased expression of RUNX1T1 in umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) by gene expression microarray. However, the biological relevance of RUNX1T1 in endothelial lineage is not defined clearly. Here, we demonstrate RUNX1T1 regulates the survival, motility and tube forming capability of ECFCs and EA.hy926 endothelial cells by loss-and gain-of function assays, respectively. Second, embryonic vasculatures and quantity of bone marrow-derived angiogenic progenitors are found to be reduced in the established Runx1t1 heterozygous knockout mice. Finally, a central RUNX1T1-regulated signature is uncovered and VEGFA, BMP4 as well as TGF-β2 are demonstrated to mediate RUNX1T1-orchested angiogenic activities. Taken together, our results reveal that RUNX1T1 serves as a common angiogenic driver for vaculogenesis and functionality of endothelial lineage cells. Therefore, the discovery and application of pharmaceutical activators for RUNX1T1 will improve therapeutic efficacy toward ischemia by promoting neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsun Liao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Chien
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Shun Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chia Feng
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chi Shih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Immunity and Inflammation Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (OKL); (WLH)
| | - Oscar K. Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (OKL); (WLH)
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31
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Qiu WL, Zhang YW, Feng Y, Li LC, Yang L, Xu CR. Deciphering Pancreatic Islet β Cell and α Cell Maturation Pathways and Characteristic Features at the Single-Cell Level. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1194-1205.e4. [PMID: 28467935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β and α cells play essential roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which these distinct cell populations are generated, expand, and mature during pancreas development remain unclear. In this study, we addressed this critical question by performing a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse β and α cells sorted from fetal to adult stages. We discovered that β and α cells use different regulatory strategies for their maturation and that cell proliferation peaks at different developmental times. However, the quiescent and proliferative cells in both the β lineage and α lineage are synchronous in their maturation states. The heterogeneity of juvenile β cells reflects distinct cell-cycling phases, origins, and maturation states, whereas adult β cells are relatively homogeneous at the transcriptomic level. These analyses provide not only a high-resolution roadmap for islet lineage development but also insights into the mechanisms of cellular heterogeneity, cell number expansion, and maturation of both β and α cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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32
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Tarifeño-Saldivia E, Lavergne A, Bernard A, Padamata K, Bergemann D, Voz ML, Manfroid I, Peers B. Transcriptome analysis of pancreatic cells across distant species highlights novel important regulator genes. BMC Biol 2017; 15:21. [PMID: 28327131 PMCID: PMC5360028 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining the transcriptome and the genetic pathways of pancreatic cells is of great interest for elucidating the molecular attributes of pancreas disorders such as diabetes and cancer. As the function of the different pancreatic cell types has been maintained during vertebrate evolution, the comparison of their transcriptomes across distant vertebrate species is a means to pinpoint genes under strong evolutionary constraints due to their crucial function, which have therefore preserved their selective expression in these pancreatic cell types. RESULTS In this study, RNA-sequencing was performed on pancreatic alpha, beta, and delta endocrine cells as well as the acinar and ductal exocrine cells isolated from adult zebrafish transgenic lines. Comparison of these transcriptomes identified many novel markers, including transcription factors and signaling pathway components, specific for each cell type. By performing interspecies comparisons, we identified hundreds of genes with conserved enriched expression in endocrine and exocrine cells among human, mouse, and zebrafish. This list includes many genes known as crucial for pancreatic cell formation or function, but also pinpoints many factors whose pancreatic function is still unknown. A large set of endocrine-enriched genes can already be detected at early developmental stages as revealed by the transcriptomic profiling of embryonic endocrine cells, indicating a potential role in cell differentiation. The actual involvement of conserved endocrine genes in pancreatic cell differentiation was demonstrated in zebrafish for myt1b, whose invalidation leads to a reduction of alpha cells, and for cdx4, selectively expressed in endocrine delta cells and crucial for their specification. Intriguingly, comparison of the endocrine alpha and beta cell subtypes from human, mouse, and zebrafish reveals a much lower conservation of the transcriptomic signatures for these two endocrine cell subtypes compared to the signatures of pan-endocrine and exocrine cells. These data suggest that the identity of the alpha and beta cells relies on a few key factors, corroborating numerous examples of inter-conversion between these two endocrine cell subtypes. CONCLUSION This study highlights both evolutionary conserved and species-specific features that will help to unveil universal and fundamental regulatory pathways as well as pathways specific to human and laboratory animal models such as mouse and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Tarifeño-Saldivia
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000 Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lavergne
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000 Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alice Bernard
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000 Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Keerthana Padamata
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000 Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - David Bergemann
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000 Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marianne L Voz
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000 Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Manfroid
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000 Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Bernard Peers
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000 Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium.
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33
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Converting Adult Pancreatic Islet α Cells into β Cells by Targeting Both Dnmt1 and Arx. Cell Metab 2017; 25:622-634. [PMID: 28215845 PMCID: PMC5358097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-producing pancreatic β cells in mice can slowly regenerate from glucagon-producing α cells in settings like β cell loss, but the basis of this conversion is unknown. Moreover, it remains unclear if this intra-islet cell conversion is relevant to diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D). We show that the α cell regulators Aristaless-related homeobox (Arx) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) maintain α cell identity in mice. Within 3 months of Dnmt1 and Arx loss, lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed extensive α cell conversion into progeny resembling native β cells. Physiological studies demonstrated that converted α cells acquire hallmark β cell electrophysiology and show glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In T1D patients, subsets of glucagon-expressing cells show loss of DNMT1 and ARX and produce insulin and other β cell factors, suggesting that DNMT1 and ARX maintain α cell identity in humans. Our work reveals pathways regulated by Arx and Dnmt1 that are sufficient for achieving targeted generation of β cells from adult pancreatic α cells.
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34
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Jiang FX, Li K, Archer M, Mehta M, Jamieson E, Charles A, Dickinson JE, Matsumoto M, Morahan G. Differentiation of Islet Progenitors Regulated by Nicotinamide into Transcriptome-Verified β Cells That Ameliorate Diabetes. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1341-1354. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xu Jiang
- Islet Cell Development Program, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
| | - Kevin Li
- Islet Cell Development Program, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
| | | | - Munish Mehta
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
| | - Emma Jamieson
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
| | - Adrian Charles
- School of Women's and Infants' Health; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Australia
| | - Jan E. Dickinson
- School of Women's and Infants' Health; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Australia
| | | | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
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35
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Zinovyeva MV, Kostina MB, Chernov IP, Kondratyeva LG, Sverdlov ED. KLF5, a new player and new target in the permanently changing set of pancreatic cancer molecular drivers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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36
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Yang YP, Magnuson MA, Stein R, Wright CVE. The mammal-specific Pdx1 Area II enhancer has multiple essential functions in early endocrine cell specification and postnatal β-cell maturation. Development 2016; 144:248-257. [PMID: 27993987 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pdx1 is required for multiple aspects of pancreatic organogenesis. It remains unclear to what extent Pdx1 expression and function depend upon trans-activation through 5' conserved cis-regulatory regions and, in particular, whether the mammal-specific Area II (-2139 to -1958 bp) affects minor or major aspects of organogenesis. We show that Area II is a primary effector of endocrine-selective transcription in epithelial multipotent cells, nascent endocrine progenitors, and differentiating and mature β cells in vivo Pdx1ΔAREAII/- mice exhibit a massive reduction in endocrine progenitor cells and progeny hormone-producing cells, indicating that Area II activity is fundamental to mounting an effective endocrine lineage-specification program within the multipotent cell population. Creating an Area II-deleted state within already specified Neurog3-expressing endocrine progenitor cells increased the proportion of glucagon+ α relative to insulin+ β cells, associated with the transcriptional and epigenetic derepression of the α-cell-determining Arx gene in endocrine progenitors. There were also glucagon and insulin co-expressing cells, and β cells that were incapable of maturation. Creating the Pdx1ΔAREAII state after cells entered an insulin-expressing stage led to immature and dysfunctional islet β cells carrying abnormal chromatin marking in vital β-cell-associated genes. Therefore, trans-regulatory integration through Area II mediates a surprisingly extensive range of progenitor and β-cell-specific Pdx1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Yang
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA .,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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37
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Abstract
Sickle-cell disease affects millions of individuals worldwide, but the global incidence is concentrated in Africa. The burden of sickle-cell disease is expected to continue to rise over the coming decades, adding to stress on the health infrastructures of many countries. Although the molecular cause of sickle-cell disease has been known for more than half a century, treatment options remain greatly limited. Allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation is the only existing cure but is limited to specialised clinical centres and remains inaccessible for most patients. Induction of fetal haemoglobin production is a promising strategy for the treatment of sickle-cell disease. In this Series paper, we review scientific breakthroughs in epidemiology, genetics, and molecular biology that have brought reactivation of fetal haemoglobin to the forefront of sickle-cell disease research. Improved knowledge of the regulation of fetal haemoglobin production in human beings and the development of genome editing technology now support the design of innovative therapies for sickle-cell disease that are based on fetal haemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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Arda HE, Li L, Tsai J, Torre EA, Rosli Y, Peiris H, Spitale RC, Dai C, Gu X, Qu K, Wang P, Wang J, Grompe M, Scharfmann R, Snyder MS, Bottino R, Powers AC, Chang HY, Kim SK. Age-Dependent Pancreatic Gene Regulation Reveals Mechanisms Governing Human β Cell Function. Cell Metab 2016; 23:909-20. [PMID: 27133132 PMCID: PMC4864151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intensive efforts are focused on identifying regulators of human pancreatic islet cell growth and maturation to accelerate development of therapies for diabetes. After birth, islet cell growth and function are dynamically regulated; however, establishing these age-dependent changes in humans has been challenging. Here, we describe a multimodal strategy for isolating pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells from children and adults to identify age-dependent gene expression and chromatin changes on a genomic scale. These profiles revealed distinct proliferative and functional states of islet α cells or β cells and histone modifications underlying age-dependent gene expression changes. Expression of SIX2 and SIX3, transcription factors without prior known functions in the pancreas and linked to fasting hyperglycemia risk, increased with age specifically in human islet β cells. SIX2 and SIX3 were sufficient to enhance insulin content or secretion in immature β cells. Our work provides a unique resource to study human-specific regulators of islet cell maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Efsun Arda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Tsai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eduardo A Torre
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yenny Rosli
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert C Spitale
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kun Qu
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Michael S Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, 320 East North Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine (Oncology Division), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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39
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Customizing the genome as therapy for the β-hemoglobinopathies. Blood 2016; 127:2536-45. [PMID: 27053533 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-678128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite nearly complete understanding of the genetics of the β-hemoglobinopathies for several decades, definitive treatment options have lagged behind. Recent developments in technologies for facile manipulation of the genome (zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based nucleases) raise prospects for their clinical application. The use of genome-editing technologies in autologous CD34(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells represents a promising therapeutic avenue for the β-globin disorders. Genetic correction strategies relying on the homology-directed repair pathway may repair genetic defects, whereas genetic disruption strategies relying on the nonhomologous end joining pathway may induce compensatory fetal hemoglobin expression. Harnessing the power of genome editing may usher in a second-generation form of gene therapy for the β-globin disorders.
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40
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Diaferia GR, Balestrieri C, Prosperini E, Nicoli P, Spaggiari P, Zerbi A, Natoli G. Dissection of transcriptional and cis-regulatory control of differentiation in human pancreatic cancer. EMBO J 2016; 35:595-617. [PMID: 26769127 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The histological grade of carcinomas describes the ability of tumor cells to organize in differentiated epithelial structures and has prognostic and therapeutic impact. Here, we show that differential usage of the genomic repertoire of transcriptional enhancers leads to grade-specific gene expression programs in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). By integrating gene expression profiling, epigenomic footprinting, and loss-of-function experiments in PDAC cell lines of different grade, we identified the repertoires of enhancers specific to high- and low-grade PDACs and the cognate set of transcription factors acting to maintain their activity. Among the candidate regulators of PDAC differentiation, KLF5 was selectively expressed in pre-neoplastic lesions and low-grade primary PDACs and cell lines, where it maintained the acetylation of grade-specific enhancers, the expression of epithelial genes such as keratins and mucins, and the ability to organize glandular epithelia in xenografts. The identification of the transcription factors controlling differentiation in PDACs will help clarify the molecular bases of its heterogeneity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Prosperini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nicoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
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41
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Abstract
Lineage tracing studies have revealed that transcription factors play a cardinal role in pancreatic development, differentiation and function. Three transitions define pancreatic organogenesis, differentiation and maturation. In the primary transition, when pancreatic organogenesis is initiated, there is active proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells. During the secondary transition, defined by differentiation, there is growth, branching, differentiation and pancreatic cell lineage allocation. The tertiary transition is characterized by differentiated pancreatic cells that undergo further remodeling, including apoptosis, replication and neogenesis thereby establishing a mature organ. Transcription factors function at multiple levels and may regulate one another and auto-regulate. The interaction between extrinsic signals from non-pancreatic tissues and intrinsic transcription factors form a complex gene regulatory network ultimately culminating in the different cell lineages and tissue types in the developing pancreas. Mutations in these transcription factors clinically manifest as subtypes of diabetes mellitus. Current treatment for diabetes is not curative and thus, developmental biologists and stem cell researchers are utilizing knowledge of normal pancreatic development to explore novel therapeutic alternatives. This review summarizes current knowledge of transcription factors involved in pancreatic development and β-cell differentiation in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Dassaye
- a Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Strini Naidoo
- a Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Marlon E Cerf
- b Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa
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Li J, Klughammer J, Farlik M, Penz T, Spittler A, Barbieux C, Berishvili E, Bock C, Kubicek S. Single-cell transcriptomes reveal characteristic features of human pancreatic islet cell types. EMBO Rep 2015; 17:178-87. [PMID: 26691212 PMCID: PMC4784001 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets of Langerhans contain several specialized endocrine cell types, which are commonly identified by the expression of single marker genes. However, the established marker genes cannot capture the complete spectrum of cellular heterogeneity in human pancreatic islets, and existing bulk transcriptome datasets provide averages across several cell populations. To dissect the cellular composition of the human pancreatic islet and to establish transcriptomes for all major cell types, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing on 70 cells sorted from human primary tissue. We used this dataset to validate previously described marker genes at the single‐cell level and to identify specifically expressed transcription factors for all islet cell subtypes. All data are available for browsing and download, thus establishing a useful resource of single‐cell expression profiles for endocrine cells in human pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Klughammer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Medical University of Vienna Anna Spiegel Forschungsgebäude, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Barbieux
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Chemical Epigenetics and Antiinfectives, CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
One of the key promises of regenerative medicine is providing a cure for diabetes. Cell-based therapies are proving their safety and efficiency, but donor beta cell shortages and immunological issues remain major hurdles. Reprogramming of human pancreatic exocrine cells towards beta cells would offer a major advantage by providing an abundant and autologous source of beta cells. Over the past decade our understanding of transdifferentiation processes greatly increased allowing us to design reprogramming protocols that fairly aim for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Staels
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Bauer DE, Orkin SH. Hemoglobin switching's surprise: the versatile transcription factor BCL11A is a master repressor of fetal hemoglobin. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 33:62-70. [PMID: 26375765 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The major disorders of β-globin, sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, may be ameliorated by expression of the fetal gene paralog γ-globin. Uncertainty regarding the mechanisms repressing fetal hemoglobin in the adult stage has served as a puzzle of developmental gene regulation as well as a barrier to rational therapeutic design. Recent genome-wide association studies implicated the zinc-finger transcriptional repressor BCL11A in fetal hemoglobin regulation. Extensive genetic analyses have validated BCL11A as a potent repressor of fetal hemoglobin level. Studies of BCL11A exemplify how contextual gene regulation may often be the substrate for trait-associated common genetic variation. These discoveries have suggested novel rational approaches for the β-hemoglobin disorders including therapeutic genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Bauer
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Pauerstein PT, Sugiyama T, Stanley SE, McLean GW, Wang J, Martín MG, Kim SK. Dissecting Human Gene Functions Regulating Islet Development With Targeted Gene Transduction. Diabetes 2015; 64:3037-49. [PMID: 25901096 PMCID: PMC4512220 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During pancreas development, endocrine precursors and their progeny differentiate, migrate, and cluster to form nascent islets. The transcription factor Neurogenin 3 (Neurog3) is required for islet development in mice, but its role in these dynamic morphogenetic steps has been inferred from fixed tissues. Moreover, little is known about the molecular genetic functions of NEUROG3 in human islet development. We developed methods for gene transduction by viral microinjection in the epithelium of cultured Neurog3-null mutant fetal pancreas, permitting genetic complementation in a developmentally relevant context. In addition, we developed methods for quantitative assessment of live-cell phenotypes in single developing islet cells. Delivery of wild-type NEUROG3 rescued islet differentiation, morphogenesis, and live cell deformation, whereas the patient-derived NEUROG3(R107S) allele partially restored indicators of islet development. NEUROG3(P39X), a previously unreported patient allele, failed to restore islet differentiation or morphogenesis and was indistinguishable from negative controls, suggesting that it is a null mutation. Our systems also permitted genetic suppression analysis and revealed that targets of NEUROG3, including NEUROD1 and RFX6, can partially restore islet development in Neurog3-null mutant mouse pancreata. Thus, advances described here permitted unprecedented assessment of gene functions in regulating crucial dynamic aspects of islet development in the fetal pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Takuya Sugiyama
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Susan E Stanley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Graeme W McLean
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Martín G Martín
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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