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Culver SA, Hargett SR, Balugo JLLQ, Gildea JJ, Harris TE, Siragy HM. Nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout increases urinary excretion of fatty acids and decreases renal cortical megalin expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18724. [PMID: 39134597 PMCID: PMC11319469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP6AP2 knockout in the renal nephron impairs receptor-mediated endocytosis, increasing urinary albumin and glucose excretion and impairing weight gain. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in urine are bound to albumin and reabsorbed in the proximal tubule through receptor-mediated endocytosis by the megalin-cubilin complex. We hypothesized that ATP6AP2 knockout increases urinary NEFA excretion through a reduction in megalin. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice with nephron specific inducible ATP6AP2 knockout and noninduced controls were fed either normal diet (ND 12% fat) or high fat diet (HFD 45% fat) for 6 months. ATP6AP2 knockout significantly increased urine albumin:creatinine ratio in both ND and HFD fed mice while normalized urine NEFA concentration increased 489% and 259% in ND and HFD knockout mice compared to respective controls. Knockout decreased renal cortical megalin mRNA by 47% on ND and 49% on HFD while megalin protein expression decreased by 36% and 44% respectively. At the same time, markers of mTOR activity were increased while autophagy was impaired. Our results indicate that nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout increases urinary NEFA excretion in the setting of impaired receptor-mediated endocytosis. Further investigation should determine whether ATP6AP2 contributes to obesity related ectopic lipid deposition in the proximal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas A Culver
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801409, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-1409, USA.
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Jamie L L Q Balugo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801409, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-1409, USA
| | - John J Gildea
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801409, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-1409, USA
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Lu L, Li J, Zheng Y, Luo L, Huang Y, Hu J, Chen Y. High expression of SLC27A2 predicts unfavorable prognosis and promotes inhibitory immune infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101952. [PMID: 38640787 PMCID: PMC11053221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 27 member 2 (SLC27A2) is involved in fatty acid metabolism in tumors and represents a prospective target for cancer therapy. However, the role and mechanism of action of SLC27A2 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the intrinsic associations between SLC27A2 and ALL and evaluate the prognostic significance, biological functions, and correlation with immune infiltration. We used the transcriptome and clinical data from the TARGET dataset. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the SLC27A2 low- and high-expression groups were analyzed for prognostic implications and functional enrichment. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between SLC27A2 gene expression and immune cell infiltration using the ESTIMATE method, which was evaluated using the TIGER platform. Finally, we knocked down SLC27A2 in the Jurkat ALL cell line and conducted cell proliferation, western blotting, flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assays to elucidate the biological function of SLC27A2 in ALL. Patients with ALL who have higher expression levels of SLC27A2 have poorer overall survival and event-free survival. According to gene set enrichment analysis, the DEGs were primarily enriched with immune system processes and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. There was an inverse relationship between SLC27A2 expression and immune cell invasion, suggesting involvement of the former in tumor immune evasion. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of SLC27A2 inhibited cell proliferation and protein expression and altered the Akt pathway, with a reduced proportion of B cells. In conclusion, SLC27A2 plays a vital role in the development of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jiazheng Li
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yongzhi Zheng
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Luting Luo
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou 362000, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
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Lee LE, Doke T, Mukhi D, Susztak K. The key role of altered tubule cell lipid metabolism in kidney disease development. Kidney Int 2024; 106:24-34. [PMID: 38614389 PMCID: PMC11193624 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Kidney epithelial cells have very high energy requirements, which are largely met by fatty acid oxidation. Complex changes in lipid metabolism are observed in patients with kidney disease. Defects in fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid uptake, especially in the context of hyperlipidemia and proteinuria, contribute to this excess lipid build-up and exacerbate kidney disease development. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of increased de novo lipogenesis in kidney fibrosis. The defect in fatty acid oxidation causes energy starvation. Increased lipid uptake, synthesis, and lower fatty acid oxidation can cause toxic lipid build-up, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial damage. A better understanding of these metabolic processes may open new treatment avenues for kidney diseases by targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Lee
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomohito Doke
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Han YZ, Du BX, Zhu XY, Wang YZY, Zheng HJ, Liu WJ. Lipid metabolism disorder in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336402. [PMID: 38742197 PMCID: PMC11089115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a significant complication associated with diabetes mellitus, presents limited treatment options. The progression of DKD is marked by substantial lipid disturbances, including alterations in triglycerides, cholesterol, sphingolipids, phospholipids, lipid droplets, and bile acids (BAs). Altered lipid metabolism serves as a crucial pathogenic mechanism in DKD, potentially intertwined with cellular ferroptosis, lipophagy, lipid metabolism reprogramming, and immune modulation of gut microbiota (thus impacting the liver-kidney axis). The elucidation of these mechanisms opens new potential therapeutic pathways for DKD management. This research explores the link between lipid metabolism disruptions and DKD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Han
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Xuan Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Zhi-Yuan Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Rebelos E, Mari A, Honka MJ, Pekkarinen L, Latva-Rasku A, Laurila S, Rajander J, Salminen P, Iida H, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. Renal Cortical Glucose Uptake Is Decreased in Insulin Resistance and Correlates Inversely With Serum Free-fatty Acids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1033-1040. [PMID: 37955868 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies on human renal metabolism are scanty. Nowadays, functional imaging allows the characterization of renal metabolism in a noninvasive manner. We have recently demonstrated that fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F FDG) positron emission tomography can be used to analyze renal glucose uptake (GU) rates, and that the renal cortex is an insulin-sensitive tissue. OBJECTIVE To confirm that renal GU is decreased in people with obesity and to test whether circulating metabolites are related to renal GU. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Eighteen people with obesity and 18 nonobese controls were studied with [18F]FDG positron emission tomography during insulin clamp. Renal scans were obtained ∼60 minutes after [18F]FDG injection. Renal GU was measured using fractional uptake rate and after correcting for residual intratubular [18F]FDG. Circulating metabolites were measured using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. RESULTS Cortical GU was higher in healthy nonobese controls compared with people with obesity (4.7 [3.4-5.6] vs 3.1 [2.2-4.3], P = .004, respectively), and it associated positively with the degree of insulin sensitivity (M value) (r = 0.42, P = .01). Moreover, cortical GU was inversely associated with circulating β-OH-butyrate (r = -0.58, P = .009), acetoacetate (r = -0.48, P = .008), citrate (r = -0.44, P = .01), and free fatty acids (r = -0.68, P < .0001), even when accounting for the M value. On the contrary, medullary GU was not associated with any clinical parameters. CONCLUSION These data confirm differences in renal cortical GU between people with obesity and healthy nonobese controls. Moreover, the negative correlations between renal cortex GU and free fatty acids, ketone bodies, and citrate are suggestive of substrate competition in the renal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Mari
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Miikka-Juhani Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayamacho 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Laura Pekkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Aino Latva-Rasku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
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6
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Ma Y, Huang L, Zhang Z, Yang P, Chen Q, Zeng X, Tan F, Wang C, Ruan X, Liao X. CD36 promotes tubular ferroptosis by regulating the ubiquitination of FSP1 in acute kidney injury. Genes Dis 2024; 11:449-463. [PMID: 37588197 PMCID: PMC10425750 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxidative species (ROS) production-driven ferroptosis plays a role in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Scavenger receptor CD36 has important roles in oxidizing lipids, lipid accumulation, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease, but its roles remain unexplored in AKI. The present study investigated the role and mechanism of CD36 in regulating proximal tubular cell ferroptosis and AKI. The expression of CD36 was found to be significantly up-regulated in AKI renal tissues and correlated with renal function, which might serve as an independent biomarker for AKI patients. Moreover, in adult mice subjected to AKI, deletion of CD36 (CD36-/-) induced tubular cell ROS accumulation, ferroptosis activation, and renal injury. Mechanistically, combining LC-MS/MS, co-IP, and ubiquitination analyses revealed that CD36 could specifically bind to ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and regulate its ubiquitination at sites K16 and K24, leading to FSP1 degradation and progression of ferroptosis in AKI. The present results emphasize a novel mechanism of CD36 in cisplatin-induced AKI. The discovery of the special CD36 roles in promoting ferroptosis and AKI development by regulating the ubiquitination of FSP1 in proximal tubular cells may be potential therapeutic targets for AKI. Moreover, CD36 may play a key role in the progression of AKI. Therefore, targeting CD36 may provide a promising treatment option for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xujia Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Fangyan Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Kuanren Laboratory of Translational Lipidology, Centre for Lipid Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Kuanren Laboratory of Translational Lipidology, Centre for Lipid Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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7
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Niu H, Ren X, Tan E, Wan X, Wang Y, Shi H, Hou Y, Wang L. CD36 deletion ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by restoring fatty acid oxidation and improving mitochondrial function. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2292753. [PMID: 38097943 PMCID: PMC10732185 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2292753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are vulnerable to mitochondrial dysregulation, which is an integral part of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We found that CD36 knockout ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetic kidney injury in mice, improved renal function, glomerular hypertrophy, tubular injury, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and kidney cell apoptosis. Furthermore, CD36 knockout conferred protection against diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and restored renal tubular cells and mitochondrial morphology. CD36 knockout also restored mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and enhanced FAO-associated respiration in diabetic TECs. CD36 was found to alter cellular metabolic pathways in diabetic kidneys partly via PDK4 the -AMPK axis inactivation. Because CD36 protects against DKD by improving mitochondrial function and restoring FAO, it can serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiayu Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Enxue Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honghong Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjuan Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Mukhi D, Li L, Liu H, Doke T, Kolligundla LP, Ha E, Kloetzer K, Abedini A, Mukherjee S, Wu J, Dhillon P, Hu H, Guan D, Funai K, Uehara K, Titchenell PM, Baur JA, Wellen KE, Susztak K. ACSS2 gene variants determine kidney disease risk by controlling de novo lipogenesis in kidney tubules. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e172963. [PMID: 38051585 PMCID: PMC10866669 DOI: 10.1172/jci172963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, over 800 million people are affected by kidney disease, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive, hindering the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we used kidney-specific expression of quantitative traits and single-nucleus open chromatin analysis to show that genetic variants linked to kidney dysfunction on chromosome 20 target the acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family 2 (ACSS2). By generating ACSS2-KO mice, we demonstrated their protection from kidney fibrosis in multiple disease models. Our analysis of primary tubular cells revealed that ACSS2 regulated de novo lipogenesis (DNL), causing NADPH depletion and increasing ROS levels, ultimately leading to NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. Additionally, we discovered that pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of fatty acid synthase safeguarded kidney cells against profibrotic gene expression and prevented kidney disease in mice. Lipid accumulation and the expression of genes related to DNL were elevated in the kidneys of patients with fibrosis. Our findings pinpoint ACSS2 as a critical kidney disease gene and reveal the role of DNL in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Tomohito Doke
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Lakshmi P. Kolligundla
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Eunji Ha
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Konstantin Kloetzer
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Amin Abedini
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junnan Wu
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Poonam Dhillon
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Hailong Hu
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kahealani Uehara
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division
- Institutes for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Department of Genetics, and
- Penn-CHOP Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Zhao L, Hao Y, Tang S, Han X, Li R, Zhou X. Energy metabolic reprogramming regulates programmed cell death of renal tubular epithelial cells and might serve as a new therapeutic target for acute kidney injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1276217. [PMID: 38054182 PMCID: PMC10694365 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1276217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induces significant energy metabolic reprogramming in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), thereby altering lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The changes in lipid metabolism encompass not only the downregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) but also changes in cell membrane lipids and triglycerides metabolism. Regarding glucose metabolism, AKI leads to increased glycolysis, activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), inhibition of gluconeogenesis, and upregulation of the polyol pathway. Research indicates that inhibiting glycolysis, promoting the PPP, and blocking the polyol pathway exhibit a protective effect on AKI-affected kidneys. Additionally, changes in amino acid metabolism, including branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, arginine, and tryptophan, play an important role in AKI progression. These metabolic changes are closely related to the programmed cell death of renal TECs, involving autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Notably, abnormal intracellular lipid accumulation can impede autophagic clearance, further exacerbating lipid accumulation and compromising autophagic function, forming a vicious cycle. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of ameliorating AKI-induced kidney damage through calorie and dietary restriction. Consequently, modifying the energy metabolism of renal TECs and dietary patterns may be an effective strategy for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajie Hao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuqin Tang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiutao Han
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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10
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Onodera T, Wang MY, Rutkowski JM, Deja S, Chen S, Balzer MS, Kim DS, Sun X, An YA, Field BC, Lee C, Matsuo EI, Mizerska M, Sanjana I, Fujiwara N, Kusminski CM, Gordillo R, Gautron L, Marciano DK, Hu MC, Burgess SC, Susztak K, Moe OW, Scherer PE. Endogenous renal adiponectin drives gluconeogenesis through enhancing pyruvate and fatty acid utilization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6531. [PMID: 37848446 PMCID: PMC10582045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a secretory protein, primarily produced in adipocytes. However, low but detectable expression of adiponectin can be observed in cell types beyond adipocytes, particularly in kidney tubular cells, but its local renal role is unknown. We assessed the impact of renal adiponectin by utilizing male inducible kidney tubular cell-specific adiponectin overexpression or knockout mice. Kidney-specific adiponectin overexpression induces a doubling of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase expression and enhanced pyruvate-mediated glucose production, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and an upregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibition of FAO reduces the adiponectin-induced enhancement of glucose production, highlighting the role of FAO in the induction of renal gluconeogenesis. In contrast, mice lacking adiponectin in the kidney exhibit enhanced glucose tolerance, lower utilization and greater accumulation of lipid species. Hence, renal adiponectin is an inducer of gluconeogenesis by driving enhanced local FAO and further underlines the important systemic contribution of renal gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Michael S Balzer
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dae-Seok Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Xuenan Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bianca C Field
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ei-Ichi Matsuo
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Ina Sanjana
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US.
- Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Hti Lar Seng NS, Lohana P, Chandra S, Jim B. The Fatty Kidney and Beyond: A Silent Epidemic. Am J Med 2023; 136:965-974. [PMID: 37451390 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity rises in the United States, so does the incidence of obesity-related kidney disease. Obesity itself is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease where the pathophysiology is complex, involving altered hemodynamics, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system overactivation, and adipokines leading to inflammation and fibrosis. Obesity-related kidney disease comprises both obesity-related glomerulopathy and fatty kidney disease. Obesity-related glomerulopathy is a consequence of glomerular hyperfiltration and often presents clinically with subnephrotic proteinuria and pathologically with glomerulomegaly with or without focal glomerulosclerosis. Fatty kidney disease is the effect of renal ectopic fat contributing to chronic kidney disease. Whether the renal ectopic fat is a distinct clinical entity or a pathologic mechanism contributing to obesity-related glomerulopathy, the treatment paradigm of weight and proteinuria reduction remains the same. We present the pathophysiology behind obesity-related kidney disease, clinical outcomes, and treatment strategies, which include lifestyle interventions, use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, and bariatric surgery. With old and novel therapeutics, we are attempting to stave off the silent epidemic that obesity-related kidney disease is becoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nang San Hti Lar Seng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY
| | - Petras Lohana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY
| | - Shruti Chandra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY
| | - Belinda Jim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY.
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12
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Su K, Zhao SL, Yang WX, Lo CS, Chenier I, Liao MC, Pang YC, Peng JZ, Miyata KN, Cailhier JF, Ethier J, Lattouf JB, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. NRF2 Deficiency Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease in Db/Db Mice via Down-Regulation of Angiotensinogen, SGLT2, CD36, and FABP4 Expression and Lipid Accumulation in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1715. [PMID: 37760019 PMCID: PMC10525648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role(s) of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is/are controversial. We hypothesized that Nrf2 deficiency in type 2 diabetes (T2D) db/db mice (db/dbNrf2 knockout (KO)) attenuates DKD progression through the down-regulation of angiotensinogen (AGT), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), scavenger receptor CD36, and fatty -acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipid accumulation in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs). Db/dbNrf2 KO mice were studied at 16 weeks of age. Human RPTCs (HK2) with NRF2 KO via CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and kidneys from patients with or without T2D were examined. Compared with db/db mice, db/dbNrf2 KO mice had lower systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, kidney hypertrophy, glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, tubular lipid droplet accumulation, and decreased expression of AGT, SGLT2, CD36, and FABP4 in RPTCs. Male and female mice had similar results. NRF2 KO attenuated the stimulatory effect of the Nrf2 activator, oltipraz, on AGT, SGLT2, and CD36 expression and high-glucose/free fatty acid (FFA)-stimulated lipid accumulation in HK2. Kidneys from T2D patients exhibited markedly higher levels of CD36 and FABP4 in RPTCs than kidneys from non-diabetic patients. These data suggest that NRF2 exacerbates DKD through the stimulation of AGT, SGLT2, CD36, and FABP4 expression and lipid accumulation in RPTCs of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Su
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Shui-Ling Zhao
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Wen-Xia Yang
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Min-Chun Liao
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Yu-Chao Pang
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Jun-Zheng Peng
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Kana N. Miyata
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Jean-Francois Cailhier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Jean Ethier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Lattouf
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - Janos G. Filep
- Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, 5415 Boul. de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada;
| | - Julie R. Ingelfinger
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 709, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
| | - John S. D. Chan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-S.L.); (I.C.); (M.-C.L.); (Y.-C.P.); (J.-Z.P.); (K.N.M.); (J.-F.C.); (J.E.); (J.-B.L.)
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13
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Daehn IS, Ekperikpe US, Stadler K. Redox regulation in diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F135-F149. [PMID: 37262088 PMCID: PMC10393330 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00047.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus, where currently there is no cure available. Several important mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of this complication, with oxidative stress being one of the key factors. The past decades have seen a large number of publications with various aspects of this topic; however, the specific details of redox regulation in DKD are still unclear. This is partly because redox biology is very complex, coupled with a complex and heterogeneous organ with numerous cell types. Furthermore, often times terms such as "oxidative stress" or reactive oxygen species are used as a general term to cover a wide and rich variety of reactive species and their differing reactions. However, no reactive species are the same, and not all of them are capable of biologically relevant reactions or "redox signaling." The goal of this review is to provide a biochemical background for an array of specific reactive oxygen species types with varying reactivity and specificity in the kidney as well as highlight some of the advances in redox biology that are paving the way to a better understanding of DKD development and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ubong S Ekperikpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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14
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Feng L, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zheng S, Xie N. Immunometabolism changes in fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243675. [PMID: 37576819 PMCID: PMC10412938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are essential for initiating and developing the fibrotic process by releasing cytokines and growth factors that activate fibroblasts and promote extracellular matrix deposition. Immunometabolism describes how metabolic alterations affect the function of immune cells and how inflammation and immune responses regulate systemic metabolism. The disturbed immune cell function and their interactions with other cells in the tissue microenvironment lead to the origin and advancement of fibrosis. Understanding the dysregulated metabolic alterations and interactions between fibroblasts and the immune cells is critical for providing new therapeutic targets for fibrosis. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the pathophysiology of fibrosis from the immunometabolism aspect, highlighting the altered metabolic pathways in critical immune cell populations and the impact of inflammation on fibroblast metabolism during the development of fibrosis. We also discuss how this knowledge could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujing Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodian Zhang
- Hainan Cancer Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Pathology, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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Liu B, Jie X, Deng J, Zhang S, Lu F, Liu X, Zhang D. Bupi Yishen formula may prevent kidney fibrosis by modulating fatty acid metabolism in renal tubules. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154767. [PMID: 37001297 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupi Yishen formula (BYF), a traditional Chinese herbal mixture, has demonstrated better effectiveness than Losartan in preserving renal function and preventing composite severe adverse outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a recent randomized controlled trial. Prior studies have shown that BYF exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in the kidneys of CKD models, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of BYF administration on profibrotic phenotypic changes in the kidney and to elucidate its fundamental mechanisms of action. METHODS Adenine and 5/6 nephrectomy rat models were administered with two doses of BYF extract (15 or 30 g/kg/d) by intragastric administration, and Losartan treatment was used as a positive control group. The relationship between BYF renoprotection and restoration of fatty acid dysregulation was examined using the two fibrosis models and TGFb1-induced human tubular HK2 cells. Transcriptomic profiles of the fibrotic kidneys obtained from adenine-induced CKD rats were used to identify the key mechanisms that are affected by BYF intervention. Human relevance and clinical implications were established by re-analysis of the microarray databases of CKD patients and immunostaining on human biopsy specimens. RESULTS BYF effectively prevented kidney histological damage and ameliorated renal malfunction in the adenine rat model of CKD. BYF robustly attenuated the significant increase in profibrotic and proapoptotic markers in fibrotic kidneys of adenine-induced CKD rats. Transcriptomic analyses of the fibrotic kidneys of the adenine rats identified fatty acid metabolism as the key dysregulated pathway affected by BYF prevention. BYF significantly reversed defective fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the intracellular lipids accumulation in the fibrotic kidneys induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Furthermore, BYF prevented dysfunctional fatty acid metabolism, which were associated with the significant improvement of TGFb1-induced profibrotic changes in HK2 human proximal tubular cells. Furthermore, analyses of kidney microarray databases and biopsy specimens of CKD patients suggested that FAO defect is common in CKD in humans. CONCLUSION Our exploratory study found that BYF may exert protective effects on renal fibrosis by regulating the fatty acid metabolism of renal tubular cells, which may be a key mechanism for preventing kidney fibrosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingran Liu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xina Jie
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiankun Deng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Simeng Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Difei Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Gao Y, Su X, Xue T, Zhang N. The beneficial effects of astragaloside IV on ameliorating diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114598. [PMID: 37150034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the major cause of chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. There is still a need for innovative treatment strategies for preventing, arresting, treating, and reversing DKD, and a plethora of scientific evidence has revealed that Chinese herbal monomers can attenuate DKD in multiple ways. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus and was selected as a chemical marker in the Chinese Pharmacopeia for quality control purposes. An increasing amount of studies indicate that AS-IV is a promising novel drug for the treatment of DKD. AS-IV has been shown to improve DKD by combating oxidative stress, attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulating calcium homeostasis, alleviating inflammation, improving vascular function, improving epithelial to mesenchymal transition and so on. This review briefly summarizes the pathogenesis of DKD, systematically reviews the mechanisms by which AS-IV improves DKD, and aims to facilitate related pharmacological research and development to promote the utilization of Chinese herbal monomers in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xin Su
- Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Taiqi Xue
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China.
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Ren L, Cui H, Wang Y, Ju F, Cai Y, Gang X, Wang G. The role of lipotoxicity in kidney disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114465. [PMID: 36870280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is the dysregulation of the lipid environment and/or intracellular composition that leads to accumulation of harmful lipids and ultimately to organelle dysfunction, abnormal activation of intracellular signaling pathways, chronic inflammation and cell death. It plays an important role in the development of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy, obesity-related glomerulopathy, age-related kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, and the like. However, the mechanisms of lipid overload and kidney injury remain poorly understood. Herein, we discuss two pivotal aspects of lipotoxic kidney injury. First, we analyzed the mechanism of lipid accumulation in the kidney. Accumulating data indicate that the mechanisms of lipid overload in different kidney diseases are inconsistent. Second, we summarize the multiple mechanisms by which lipotoxic species affect the kidney cell behavior, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated autophagy, and inflammation, highlighting the central role of oxidative stress. Blocking the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation in the kidney and the damage of the kidney by lipid overload may be potential therapeutic targets for kidney disease, and antioxidant drugs may play a pivotal role in the treatment of kidney disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuci District People's Hospital, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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Wang J, Zeng J, Yin G, Deng Z, Wang L, Liu J, Yao K, Long Z, Jiang X, Tan J. Long non-coding RNA FABP5P3/miR-22 axis improves TGFβ1-induced fatty acid oxidation deregulation and fibrotic changes in proximal tubular epithelial cells of renal fibrosis. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:433-449. [PMID: 36196456 PMCID: PMC9879175 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2122286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hydronephrosis increases the risk of urinary tract infection and irretrievable renal fibrosis. While TGFβ1-mediated fibrotic changes in proximal tubular epithelial cells and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) deregulation contribute to renal fibrosis and hydronephrosis. Firstly, a few elements were analyzed in this paper, including differentially-expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and miRNAs correlated to CPT1A, RXRA, and NCOA1. This paper investigated TGFβ1 effects on lncRNA FABP5P3, CPT1A, RXRA, and NCOA1 expression and fibrotic changes in HK-2 cells and FABP5P3 overexpression effects on TGFβ1-induced changes. Moreover, this paper predicted and proved that miR-22 binding to lncRNA FABP5P3, 3'UTR of CPT1A, RXRA, and NCOA1 was validated. The dynamic effects of the FABP5P3/miR-22 axis on TGFβ1-induced changes were investigated. A Renal fibrosis model was established in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice, and FABP5P3 effects were investigated. Eventually, this paper concluded that TGFβ1 inhibited lncRNA FABP5P3, CPT1A, RXRA, and NCOA1 expression, induced fibrotic changes in HK-2 cells, and induced metabolic reprogramming within HK-2 cells, especially lower FAO. FABP5P3 overexpression partially reversed TGFβ1-induced changes. miR-22 targeted lncRNA FABP5P3, CPT1A, RXRA, and NCOA1. LncRNA FABP5P3 counteracted miR-22 inhibition of CPT1A, NCOA1, and RXRA through competitive binding. TGFβ1 stimulation induced the activation of TGFβ/SMAD and JAG/Notch signaling pathways; Nocth2 knockdown reversed TGFβ1 suppression on lncRNA FABP5P3. FABP5P3 overexpression attenuated renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice. The LncRNA FABP5P3/miR-22 axis might be a potent target for improving the FAO deregulation and fibrotic changes in proximal TECs under TGFβ1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangmin Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianzhen Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Wang D, Liu J, Chen X, Chen J, Zhao T, Du J, Wang C, Meng Q, Sun H, Wang F, Liu K, Wu J. Renal transporter OAT1 and PPAR-α pathway co-contribute to icaritin-induced nephrotoxicity. Phytother Res 2023; 37:549-562. [PMID: 36331006 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential nephrotoxicity of icaritin and the underlying mechanism by in vitro-in vivo experiment technology combined with proteomics technology. First, icaritin showed a significant cytotoxic effect on HK-2 cells, which was accompanied by increased LDH and TNF-α in the supernatant, decreased protein expressions of Bcl-2 and increased Bax and enhanced apoptosis of HK-2 cells as measured by TUNEL staining. Moreover, icaritin induced obvious tubular damage and up-regulation of BUN and CRE levels in plasma in mice. Second, intracellular uptake of icaritin was considerably higher in hOAT1-HEK293 cells than in mock-HEK293 cells, suggesting that icaritin might accumulate in renal cells via OAT1 uptake. Importantly, icaritin caused significant changes in the PPAR signaling pathway in HK2 cells through proteomic analysis. Then, in vitro and in vivo results verified that icaritin significantly downregulated the protein expression of PPAR-α as well as downregulated APOB, ACSL3, ACSL4, and upregulated 5/12/15-HETE, implying that a lipid metabolism disorder was involved in the icaritin-induced nephrotoxicity. Finally, icaritin was found to increase the accumulation of iron and LPO levels while reducing the activity of GPX4, suggesting that ferroptosis was involved in the nephrotoxicity induced by icaritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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20
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Chen L, Sha ML, Chen FT, Jiang CY, Li D, Xu CL, Pan DS, Xu ZJ, Tang QL, Xia SJ, Sun LH, Fan GJ, Shao Y. Upregulation of KLF14 expression attenuates kidney fibrosis by inducing PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:132-144. [PMID: 36584797 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is essential during the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and is associated with the impairment of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Kruppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) is an important gene in lipid metabolism, but its role in TIF remains unknown. TGF-β-stimulated HK-2 cells and mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were used as renal fibrosis models. The role of KLF14 in the process of renal fibrosis was verified by gene knockout mice, genetic or pharmacological interference in animal model and cell model respectively. In the current study, we found that KLF14 expression increased after activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway during TIF. In KLF14-/- mice, more severe fibrosis was observed after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was induced. In human HK2 cells, knockdown of KLF14 led to more severe fibrosis induced by TGF-β1, while overexpression of KLF14 partially attenuated this process. Specifically, KLF14 deficiency decreased mitochondrial FAO activity, resulting in lipid accumulation. Thus, the energy supply to the cells was insufficient, finally resulting in TIF. We further proved that KLF14 could target peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) as a transcriptional activator. This study identified the upregulation of KLF14 expression in response to kidney stress during the process of fibrosis. Upon TIF, the activated TGF-β signaling pathway can enhance KLF14 expression, while the upregulation of KLF14 expression can decrease the degree of TIF by improving FAO activity in tubular epithelial cells and recovering the energy supply mediated by PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Lei Sha
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fei-Teng Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yi Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Liang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Shen Pan
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biology, Department of Urology, And Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zi-Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Lin Tang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Hui Sun
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Guang-Jian Fan
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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A Novel in Duck Myoblasts: The Transcription Factor Retinoid X Receptor Alpha (RXRA) Inhibits Lipid Accumulation by Promoting CD36 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021180. [PMID: 36674699 PMCID: PMC9864336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) is a well-characterized factor that regulates lipid metabolism; however, the regulatory mechanism in muscle cells of poultry is still unknown. The overexpression and the knockdown of RXRA in myoblasts (CS2 cells), RT-PCR, and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of genes and proteins related to PPAR-signaling pathways. Intracellular triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFAs) were detected by the Elisa kit. Fat droplets were stained with Oil Red O. The double-fluorescein reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) were used to verify the relationship between RXRA and candidate target genes. The RXRA gene was highly expressed in duck breast muscle, and its mRNA and its protein were reduced during the differentiation of CS2 cells. The CS2 cells, with the overexpression of RXRA, showed reduced content in TGs, CHOL, NEFAs, and lipid droplets and upregulated the mRNA expression of CD36, ACSL1, and PPARG genes and the protein expression of CD36 and PPARG. The knockdown of RXRA expression in CS2 cells enhanced the content of TGs, CHOL, NEFAs, and lipid droplets and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of CD36, ACLS1, ELOVL6, and PPARG. The overexpression of the RXRA gene, the activity of the double-luciferase reporter gene of the wild-type CD36 promoter was higher than that of the mutant type. RXRA bound to -860/-852 nt, -688/-680 nt, and -165/-157 nt at the promoter region of CD36. Moreover, the overexpression of CD36 in CS2 cells could suppress the content of TGs, CHOL, NEFAs, and lipid droplets, while the knockdown expression of CD36 increased the content of TGs, CHOL, NEFAs, and lipid droplets. In this study, the transcription factor, RXRA, inhibited the accumulation of TGs, CHOL, NEFAs, and fat droplets in CS2 cells by promoting CD36 expression.
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22
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Ramlagan P, Issa MY, Rondeau P, Bourdon E, Bahorun T, Farag MA, Neergheen VS. Metabolite Profiling of Antioxidant Rich Fractions of Punica granatum L. Mesocarp and CD36 Expression Regulation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:36-54. [PMID: 34686109 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1978349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was aimed at determining which polyphenolic compound(s) in pomegranate mesocarp extract (PME) is liable for the antioxidant, anti-glycation and anti-CD36 activities. METHODS The PME was fractionated using liquid-liquid extraction method. The fractions were tested for their polyphenolic content, antioxidant potency, anti-glycation activity and anti-CD36 potential. The metabolite compositions of PME and derived fractions were investigated in an untargeted manner using metabolomics in relation to its antioxidant and anti-glycation activities. RESULTS The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of the pomegranate mesocarp demonstrated highest antioxidant and anti-glycation potencies. These fractions, represented by gallic and ellagic acids monomers, were enriched in tannins and phenolic acids. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) modeling of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) metabolite profiles from the different pomegranate mesocarp fractions indicated that gallic and ellagic acids were potential contributors to the antioxidant and anti-glycation effects of the pomegranate mesocarp. At cellular level, the polyphenolic-rich crude extract as well as the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous residual fractions suppressed the protein expression of CD36. The anti-CD36 activity of these extracts and fractions was attributed to the presence of punicalagin, the ellagitannins that occurred in equal amount in the different fractions. CONCLUSION This work demonstrated the protective effect of the non-edible part of the pomegranate fruit and showed that gallic and ellagic acids account for the antioxidant and anti-glycation activities while punicalagin is liable for the anti-CD36 activity of PME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piteesha Ramlagan
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Marwa Yousry Issa
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,Department of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,Mauritius Research Innovation Council, Ebène, Mauritius
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vidushi S Neergheen
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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23
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The Contribution of Lipotoxicity to Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203236. [PMID: 36291104 PMCID: PMC9601125 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is a fundamental pathophysiologic mechanism in diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and is now increasingly recognized in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis. This review highlights lipotoxicity pathways in the podocyte and proximal tubule cell, which are arguably the two most critical sites in the nephron for DKD. The discussion focuses on membrane transporters and lipid droplets, which represent potential therapeutic targets, as well as current and developing pharmacologic approaches to reduce renal lipotoxicity.
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24
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Bianchetti G, Rizzo GE, Serantoni C, Abeltino A, Rizzi A, Tartaglione L, Caputo S, Flex A, De Spirito M, Pitocco D, Maulucci G. Spatial Reorganization of Liquid Crystalline Domains of Red Blood Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911126. [PMID: 36232429 PMCID: PMC9570208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we will investigate if red blood cell (RBC) membrane fluidity, influenced by several hyperglycemia-induced pathways, could provide a complementary index of HbA1c to monitor the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related macroangiopathic complications such as Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). The contextual liquid crystalline (LC) domain spatial organization in the membrane was analysed to investigate the phase dynamics of the transition. Twenty-seven patients with long-duration T2DM were recruited and classified in DM, including 12 non-PAD patients, and DM + PAD, including 15 patients in any stage of PAD. Mean values of RBC generalized polarization (GP), representative of membrane fluidity, together with spatial organization of LC domains were compared between the two groups; p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Although comparable for anthropometric characteristics, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c, RBC membranes of PAD patients were found to be significantly more fluid (GP: 0.501 ± 0.026) than non-PAD patients (GP: 0.519 ± 0.007). These alterations were shown to be triggered by changes in both LC microdomain composition and distribution. We found a decrease in Feret diameter from 0.245 ± 0.281 μm in DM to 0.183 ± 0.124 μm in DM + PAD, and an increase in circularity. Altered RBC membrane fluidity is correlated to a spatial reconfiguration of LC domains, which, by possibly altering metabolic function, are associated with the development of T2DM-related macroangiopathic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cassandra Serantoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Abeltino
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzi
- Diabetes Care Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Tartaglione
- Diabetes Care Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caputo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Flex
- Diabetes Care Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-4265
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25
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Touré M, Samb A, Sène M, Thiam S, Mané CAB, Sow AK, Ba-Diop A, Kane MO, Sarr M, Ba A, Gueye L. Impact of the interaction between the polymorphisms and hypermethylation of the CD36 gene on a new biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus: circulating soluble CD36 (sCD36) in Senegalese females. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:186. [PMID: 36031603 PMCID: PMC9422098 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several predisposing factors for diabetes mellitus have been identified, including cluster determinant 36 (CD36) receptor expression. We aimed to determine the effects of CD36 gene polymorphisms and hypermethylation on the plasma CD36 protein levels in type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 100 females (lean healthy control subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes). This study was conducted at the Human Physiology Laboratory at the Dakar Faculty of Medicine in Senegal. Circulating sCD36 levels and DNA methyltransferase 3a levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The other biological parameters were evaluated in a biochemical laboratory. CD36 gene polymorphisms and methylation were explored by real-time polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively.
Results sCD36 was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels (r = − 0.52 p = 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (r = − 0.36 p = 0.01) in control subjects. However, in the type 2 diabetes group, sCD36 levels were positively correlated with total cholesterol levels (r = 0.28 p = 0.04). For rs3211867, control subjects harboring the CC genotypes had significantly higher sCD36 levels than control subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype (p = 0.02); in the type 2 diabetes group, the sCD36 level was not significantly lower in subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype than in subjects harboring the CC genotype (p = 0.27). CD36 gene methylation reduced the sCD36 level in the control subjects compared to control subjects without CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.03). This difference was not significant in the type 2 diabetes group comparing subjects with diabetes with CD36 gene methylation to subjects with diabetes without CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.09). We noted a nonsignificant increase in sCD36 levels in subjects with diabetes with CD36 gene methylation compared to control subjects with CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.27). A combination of the CD36 polymorphism effect and the CD36 methylation effect did not significantly reduce sCD36 levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion CD36 gene polymorphisms and CD36 gene methylation separately reduce sCD36 levels. Their impacts are compensated for in subjects with type 2 diabetes by an increase in sCD36 levels, the mechanism of which needs to be elucidated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01337-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïmouna Touré
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal. .,URL3189 ESS Environnement, Santé, Sociétés, CNRS, CNRST, Bamoko-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - Abdoulaye Samb
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal.,URL3189 ESS Environnement, Santé, Sociétés, CNRS, CNRST, Bamoko-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mbaye Sène
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Souleymane Thiam
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh A B Mané
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdou K Sow
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Awa Ba-Diop
- Departement de Médecine, Université Alioune Diop de Bambey, Diourbel, Sénégal
| | - Modou O Kane
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Sarr
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Ba
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal.,URL3189 ESS Environnement, Santé, Sociétés, CNRS, CNRST, Bamoko-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Lamine Gueye
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal.,URL3189 ESS Environnement, Santé, Sociétés, CNRS, CNRST, Bamoko-UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
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Two independent modes of kidney stone suppression achieved by AIM/CD5L and KIM-1. Commun Biol 2022; 5:783. [PMID: 35922481 PMCID: PMC9349198 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing and its recurrence rate within the first 5 years is over 50%. No treatments that prevent the occurrence/recurrence of stones have reached the clinic. Here, we show that AIM (also called CD5L) suppresses stone development and improves stone-associated physical damages. The N-terminal domain of AIM associates with calcium oxalate crystals via charge-based interaction to impede the development of stones, whereas the 2nd and C-terminal domains capture the inflammatory DAMPs to promote their phagocytic removal. Accordingly, when stones were induced by glyoxylate in mice, recombinant AIM (rAIM) injection dramatically reduced stone development. Expression of injury molecules and inflammatory cytokines in the kidney and overall renal dysfunction were abrogated by rAIM. Among various negatively charged substances, rAIM was most effective in stone prevention due to its high binding affinity to crystals. Furthermore, only AIM was effective in improving the physical complaints including bodyweight-loss through its DAMPs removal effect. We also found that tubular KIM-1 may remove developed stones. Our results could be the basis for the development of a comprehensive therapy against kidney stone disease. The circulating protein apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) reduces kidney stone development and prevents build up, providing the basis for kidney stone disease therapy.
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SS-31, a Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Ameliorates Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1295509. [PMID: 35707274 PMCID: PMC9192202 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1295509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for eukaryotic cell activity and function, and their dysfunction is associated with the development and progression of renal diseases. In recent years, there has been a rapid development in mitochondria-targeting pharmacological strategies as mitochondrial biogenesis, morphology, and function, as well as dynamic changes in mitochondria, have been studied in disease states. Mitochondria-targeting drugs include nicotinamide mononucleotide, which supplements the NAD+ pool; mitochondria-targeted protective compounds, such as MitoQ; the antioxidant coenzyme, Q10; and cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. However, traditional drugs targeting mitochondria have limited clinical applications due to their inability to be effectively absorbed by mitochondria in vivo and their high toxicity. Recently, SS-31, a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant, has received significant research attention as it decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and prevents mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation, and Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling, and has no effects on normal mitochondria. At present, few studies have evaluated the effects of SS-31 against renal diseases, and the mechanism underlying its action is unclear. In this review, we first discuss the pharmacokinetics of SS-31 and the possible mechanisms underlying its protective effects against renal diseases. Then, we analyze its renal disease-improving effects in various experimental models, including animal and cell models, and summarize the clinical evidence of its benefits in renal disease treatment. Finally, the potential mechanism underlying the action of SS-31 against renal diseases is explored to lay a foundation for future preclinical studies and for the evaluation of its clinical applications.
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Melena I, Piani F, Tommerdahl KL, Severn C, Chung LT, MacDonald A, Vinovskis C, Cherney D, Pyle L, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Lanaspa MA, Rewers A, van Raalte DH, Cara-Fuentes G, Parikh CR, Nelson RG, Pavkov ME, Nadeau KJ, Johnson RJ, Bjornstad P. Aminoaciduria and metabolic dysregulation during diabetic ketoacidosis: Results from the diabetic kidney alarm (DKA) study. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108203. [PMID: 35523653 PMCID: PMC9119939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined changes in the excretion of various amino acids and in glycolysis and ketogenesis-related metabolites, during and after diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) diagnosis, in youth with known or new onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Urine samples were collected from 40 youth with DKA (52% boys, mean age 11 ± 4 years, venous pH 7.2 ± 0.1, blood glucose 451 ± 163 mg/dL) at 3 time points: 0-8 h and 12-24 h after starting an insulin infusion, and 3 months after hospital discharge. Mixed-effects models evaluated the changes in amino acids and other metabolites in the urine. RESULTS Concentrations of urine histidine, threonine, tryptophan, and leucine per creatinine were highest at 0-8 h (148.8 ± 23.5, 59.5 ± 12.3, 15.4 ± 1.4, and 24.5 ± 2.4% of urine creatinine, respectively), and significantly decreased over 3 months (p = 0.028, p = 0.027, p = 0.019, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Urine histidine, threonine, tryptophan, and leucine per urine creatinine decreased by 10.6 ± 19.2, 0.7 ± 0.9, 1.3 ± 0.9, and 0.5 ± 0.3-fold, respectively, between 0 and 8 h and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS In our study, DKA was associated with profound aminoaciduria, suggestive of proximal tubular dysfunction analogous to Fanconi syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Melena
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Federica Piani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kalie L Tommerdahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cameron Severn
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, CO, USA
| | - Linh T Chung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexis MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carissa Vinovskis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Cherney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, CO, USA
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Arleta Rewers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chirag R Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Meda E Pavkov
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Demiray A, Sag AA, Covic A, Ortiz A, Tuttle KR. Fatty kidney: A possible future for chronic kidney disease research. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13748. [PMID: 35040119 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a growing twenty-first century pandemic associated with multiple clinical comorbidities ranging from cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome to kidney dysfunction. A novel area of research investigates the concept of fatty kidney in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. AIM To review the most updated literature on fatty kidney and provide future research, diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives on a disease increasingly affecting the contemporary world. MATERIALS AND METHOD We performed an extensive literature search through three databases including Embase (Elsevier) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) and PubMed/Medline Web of Science in November 2021 by using the following terms and their combinations: 'fatty kidney', 'ectopic fat', 'chronic kidney disease', 'cardiovascular event', 'cardio-metabolic risk', 'albuminuria' and 'metabolic syndrome'. Each study has been individually assessed by the authors. RESULTS Oxidative stress and inflammation, Klotho deficiency, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of cellular energy balance appear to be the main pathophysiological mechanisms leading to tissue damage following fat accumulation. Despite the lack of large-scale comprehensive studies in this novel field of research, current clinical trials demonstrate fatty kidney as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION The requirement for future studies investigating the pathophysiology, clinical outcomes and therapeutics of fatty kidney is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan A Sag
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathherine R Tuttle
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, USA
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Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 regulates development of diabetic kidney disease via modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Kidney Int 2022; 102:536-545. [PMID: 35597365 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of fatty acid utilization is increasingly recognized as a significant component of diabetic kidney disease. Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) is activated in the diabetic kidney, and studies over the past decade have illuminated ROCK signaling as an essential pathway in diabetic kidney disease. Here, we confirmed the distinct role of ROCK1, an isoform of ROCK, in fatty acid metabolism using glomerular mesangial cells and ROCK1 knockout mice. Mesangial cells with ROCK1 deletion were protected from mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance driven by transforming growth factor β, a cytokine upregulated in diabetic glomeruli. We found that high-fat diet-induced obese ROCK1 knockout mice exhibited reduced albuminuria and histological abnormalities along with the recovery of impaired fatty acid utilization and mitochondrial fragmentation. Mechanistically, we found that ROCK1 regulates the induction of critical mediators in fatty acid metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and widespread program-associated cellular metabolism. Thus, our findings highlight ROCK1 as an important regulator of energy homeostasis in mesangial cells in the overall pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.
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31
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Pérez-Martí A, Ramakrishnan S, Li J, Dugourd A, Molenaar MR, De La Motte LR, Grand K, Mansouri A, Parisot M, Lienkamp SS, Saez-Rodriguez J, Simons M. Reducing lipid bilayer stress by monounsaturated fatty acids protects renal proximal tubules in diabetes. eLife 2022; 11:74391. [PMID: 35550039 PMCID: PMC9154741 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic patients, dyslipidemia frequently contributes to organ damage such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Dyslipidemia is associated with both excessive deposition of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD) and lipotoxicity. Yet, it is unclear how these two effects correlate with each other in the kidney and how they are influenced by dietary patterns. By using a diabetes mouse model, we find here that high fat diet enriched in the monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) caused more lipid storage in LDs in renal proximal tubular cells (PTC) but less tubular damage than a corresponding butter diet with the saturated palmitic acid (PA). This effect was particularly evident S2/S3 but not S1 segments of the proximal tubule. Combining transcriptomics, lipidomics and functional studies, we identify endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as the main cause of PA-induced PTC injury. Mechanistically, ER stress is caused by elevated levels of saturated TAG precursors, reduced LD formation and, consequently, higher membrane order in the ER. Simultaneous addition of OA rescues the cytotoxic effects by normalizing membrane order and by increasing both TAG and LD formation. Our study thus emphasizes the importance of monounsaturated fatty acids for the dietary management of DKD by preventing lipid bilayer stress in the ER and promoting TAG and LD formation in PTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pérez-Martí
- Division of Nephrogenetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suresh Ramakrishnan
- Division of Nephrogenetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiayi Li
- Division of Nephrogenetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratorium (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luigi R De La Motte
- Division of Nephrogenetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kelli Grand
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anis Mansouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Matias Simons
- Division of Nephrogenetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Gao Z, Chen X. Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Kidney Diseases: Perspectives on Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:805281. [PMID: 35517820 PMCID: PMC9065343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.805281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolic organ and requires a large amount of ATP to maintain its filtration-reabsorption function, and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation serves as the main source of energy to meet its functional needs. Reduced and inefficient fatty acid β-oxidation is thought to be a major mechanism contributing to kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy. PPARα, AMPK, sirtuins, HIF-1, and TGF-β/SMAD3 activation have all been shown to play key roles in the regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation in kidney diseases, and restoration of fatty acid β-oxidation by modulation of these molecules can ameliorate the development of such diseases. Here, we disentangle the lipid metabolism regulation properties and potential mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles, and emphasize the role of mesenchymal stem cells on lipid metabolism. This review aims to highlight the important role of fatty acid β-oxidation in the progression of kidney diseases, and to explore the fatty acid β-oxidation effects and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Byun JH, Lebeau PF, Platko K, Carlisle RE, Faiyaz M, Chen J, MacDonald ME, Makda Y, Yousof T, Lynn EG, Dickhout JG, Krepinsky JC, Weaver F, Igdoura SA, Seidah NG, Austin RC. Inhibitory Antibodies against PCSK9 Reduce Surface CD36 and Mitigate Diet-Induced Renal Lipotoxicity. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1394-1410. [PMID: 36176646 PMCID: PMC9416829 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0007022021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background PCSK9 modulates the uptake of circulating lipids through a range of receptors, including the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and CD36. In the kidney, CD36 is known to contribute to renal injury through pro-inflammatory and -fibrotic pathways. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in modulating renal lipid accumulation and injury through CD36 using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced murine model. Methods The effect of PCSK9 on the expression of CD36 and intracellular accumulation of lipid was examined in cultured renal cells and in the kidneys of male C57BL/6J mice. The effect of these findings was subsequently explored in a model of HFD-induced renal injury in Pcsk9 -/- and Pcsk9 +/+ littermate control mice on a C57BL/6J background. Results In the absence of PCSK9, we observed heightened CD36 expression levels, which increased free fatty acid (FFA) uptake in cultured renal tubular cells. As a result, PCSK9 deficiency was associated with an increase in long-chain saturated FFA-induced ER stress. Consistent with these observations, Pcsk9-/- mice fed a HFD displayed elevated ER stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and renal injury relative to HFD-fed control mice. In contrast to Pcsk9-/- mice, pretreatment of WT C57BL/6J mice with evolocumab, an anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to and inhibits the function of circulating PCSK9, protected against HFD-induced renal injury in association with reducing cell surface CD36 expression on renal epithelia. Conclusions We report that circulating PCSK9 modulates renal lipid uptake in a manner dependent on renal CD36. In the context of increased dietary fat consumption, the absence of circulating PCSK9 may promote renal lipid accumulation and subsequent renal injury. However, although the administration of evolocumab blocks the interaction of PCSK9 with the LDLR, this evolocumab/PCSK9 complex can still bind CD36, thereby protecting against HFD-induced renal lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul F. Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rachel E. Carlisle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mahi Faiyaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jack Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa E. MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yumna Makda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tamana Yousof
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Edward G. Lynn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G. Dickhout
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joan C. Krepinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fiona Weaver
- Department of Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Suleiman A. Igdoura
- Department of Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard C. Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
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McCrimmon A, Cahill KM, Kruger C, Mangelli ME, Bouffard E, Dobroski T, Michanczyk KN, Burke SJ, Noland RC, Ilatovskaya DV, Stadler K. Intact mitochondrial substrate efflux is essential for prevention of tubular injury in a sex-dependent manner. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e150696. [PMID: 35230975 PMCID: PMC9057616 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of healthy mitochondrial function is implicated in the prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Sex differences also play important roles in DKD. Our previous studies revealed that mitochondrial substrate overload (modeled by homozygous deletion of carnitine acetyl-transferase [CrAT]) in proximal tubules causes renal injury. Here, we demonstrate the importance of intact mitochondrial substrate efflux by titrating the amount of overload through the generation of a heterozygous CrAT-KO model (PT-CrATHET mouse). Intriguingly, these animals developed renal injury similarly to their homozygous counterparts. Mitochondria were structurally and functionally impaired in both sexes. Transcriptomic analyses, however, revealed striking sex differences. Male mice shut down fatty acid oxidation and several other metabolism-related pathways. Female mice had a significantly weaker transcriptional response in metabolism, but activation of inflammatory pathways was prominent. Proximal tubular cells from PT-CrATHET mice of both sexes exhibited a shift toward a more glycolytic phenotype, but female mice were still able to oxidize fatty acid-based substrates. Our results demonstrate that maintaining mitochondrial substrate metabolism balance is crucial to satisfying proximal tubular energy demand. Our findings have potentially broad implications, as both the glycolytic shift and the sexual dimorphisms discovered herein offer potentially new modalities for future interventions for treating kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert C. Noland
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Dozio E, Maffioli E, Vianello E, Nonnis S, Grassi Scalvini F, Spatola L, Roccabianca P, Tedeschi G, Corsi Romanelli MM. A Wide-Proteome Analysis to Identify Molecular Pathways Involved in Kidney Response to High-Fat Diet in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073809. [PMID: 35409168 PMCID: PMC8999052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of obesity-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still scarcely understood. To this aim, we assessed the effect of high-fat diet (HF) on molecular pathways leading to organ damage, steatosis, and fibrosis. Six-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed HF diet or normal chow for 20 weeks. Kidneys were collected for genomic, proteomic, histological studies, and lipid quantification. The main findings were as follows: (1) HF diet activated specific pathways leading to fibrosis and increased fatty acid metabolism; (2) HF diet promoted a metabolic shift of lipid metabolism from peroxisomes to mitochondria; (3) no signs of lipid accumulation and/or fibrosis were observed, histologically; (4) the early signs of kidney damage seemed to be related to changes in membrane protein expression; (5) the proto-oncogene MYC was one of the upstream transcriptional regulators of changes occurring in protein expression. These results demonstrated the potential usefulness of specific selected molecules as early markers of renal injury in HF, while histomorphological changes become visible later in obesity-related CDK. The integration of these information with data from biological fluids could help the identification of biomarkers useful for the early detection and prevention of tissue damage in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dozio
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (M.M.C.R.)
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (P.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Elena Vianello
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (M.M.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50315342
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (P.R.); (G.T.)
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 29133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (P.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Leonardo Spatola
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (P.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (P.R.); (G.T.)
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 29133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (M.M.C.R.)
- Service of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Chen YY, Chen XG, Zhang S. Druggability of lipid metabolism modulation against renal fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:505-519. [PMID: 33990764 PMCID: PMC8888625 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis contributes to progressive damage to renal structure and function. It is a common pathological process as chronic kidney disease develops into kidney failure, irrespective of diverse etiologies, and eventually leads to death. However, there are no effective drugs for renal fibrosis treatment at present. Lipid aggregation in the kidney and consequent lipotoxicity always accompany chronic kidney disease and fibrosis. Numerous studies have revealed that restoring the defective fatty acid oxidation in the kidney cells can mitigate renal fibrosis. Thus, it is an important strategy to reverse the dysfunctional lipid metabolism in the kidney, by targeting critical regulators of lipid metabolism. In this review, we highlight the potential "druggability" of lipid metabolism to ameliorate renal fibrosis and provide current pre-clinical evidence, exemplified by some representative druggable targets and several other metabolic regulators with anti-renal fibrosis roles. Then, we introduce the preliminary progress of noncoding RNAs as promising anti-renal fibrosis drug targets from the perspective of lipid metabolism. Finally, we discuss the prospects and deficiencies of drug targeting lipid reprogramming in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Chen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union medical college, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiao-guang Chen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union medical college, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union medical college, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Ito M, Gurumani MZ, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Glucose- and Non-Glucose-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030351. [PMID: 35327540 PMCID: PMC8945149 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In this review, we will discuss mitochondrial dysfunction observed in preclinical models of DKD as well as in clinical DKD with a focus on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), biogenesis, fission and fusion, mitophagy and urinary mitochondrial biomarkers. Both glucose- and non-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction will be discussed. In terms of glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, the energetic shift from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis, called the Warburg effect, occurs and the resulting toxic intermediates of glucose metabolism contribute to DKD-induced injury. In terms of non-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, we will review the roles of lipotoxicity, hypoxia and vasoactive pathways, including endothelin-1 (Edn1)/Edn1 receptor type A signaling pathways. Although the relative contribution of each of these pathways to DKD remains unclear, the goal of this review is to highlight the complexity of mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD and to discuss how markers of mitochondrial dysfunction could help us stratify patients at risk for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Merscher
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.F.); Tel.: +1-305-243-6567 (S.M.); +1-305-243-7745 (A.F.)
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.F.); Tel.: +1-305-243-6567 (S.M.); +1-305-243-7745 (A.F.)
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MORG1—A Negative Modulator of Renal Lipid Metabolism in Murine Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010030. [PMID: 35052710 PMCID: PMC8772719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fatty acid (FA) metabolism is severely altered in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Increasing evidence suggests that altered lipid metabolism is linked to tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Our previous work has demonstrated that mice with reduced MORG1 expression, a scaffold protein in HIF and ERK signaling, are protected against TIF in the db/db mouse model. Renal TGF-ß1 expression and EMT-like changes were reduced in mice with single-allele deficiency of MORG1. Given the well-known role of HIF and ERK signaling in metabolic regulation, here we examined whether protection was also associated with a restoration of lipid metabolism. Despite similar features of TIF in T1DM and T2DM, diabetes-associated changes in renal lipid metabolism differ between both diseases. We found that de novo synthesis of FA/cholesterol and β-oxidation were more strongly disrupted in T1DM, whereas pathological fat uptake into tubular cells mediates lipotoxicity in T2DM. Thus, diminished MORG1 expression exerts renoprotection in the diabetic nephropathy by modulating important factors of TIF and lipid dysregulation to a variable extent in T1DM and T2DM. Prospectively, targeting MORG1 appears to be a promising strategy to reduce lipid metabolic alterations in diabetic nephropathy.
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Jadli AS, Parasor A, Gomes KP, Shandilya R, Patel VB. Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological Potential of Nano-Messenger. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:767488. [PMID: 34869682 PMCID: PMC8632805 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.767488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health problem, due to their continued high incidences and mortality. The last few decades have witnessed new advances in clinical research which led to increased survival and recovery in CVD patients. Nevertheless, elusive and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of CVD development perplexed researchers in identifying efficacious therapeutic interventions. Search for novel and effective strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for CVD has shifted research focus on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in recent years. By transporting molecular cargo from donor to recipient cells, EVs modulate gene expression and influence the phenotype of recipient cells, thus EVs prove to be an imperative component of intercellular signaling. Elucidation of the role of EVs in intercellular communications under physiological conditions implied the enormous potential of EVs in monitoring and treatment of CVD. The EVs secreted from the myriad of cells in the cardiovascular system such as cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, cardiac progenitor cells, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells may facilitate the communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding EVs-mediated cellular communication may delineate the mechanism of origin and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The current review summarizes exosome-mediated paracrine signaling leading to cardiovascular disease. The mechanistic role of exosomes in cardiovascular disease will provide novel avenues in designing diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul S Jadli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ananya Parasor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karina P Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ruchita Shandilya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Empagliflozin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid Induced-Lipotoxicity in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells via the PPARγ/CD36 Pathway in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212408. [PMID: 34830289 PMCID: PMC8621539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) could contribute to obesity-induced nephropathy. CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, is a major receptor mediating FFA uptake in renal proximal tubular cells. Empagliflozin, a new anti-diabetic agent, is a specific inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 channels presented on renal proximal tubular cells and inhibits glucose reabsorption. In addition, empagliflozin has shown renoprotective effects. However, the mechanism through which empagliflozin regulates CD36 expression and attenuates FFA-induced lipotoxicity remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the crosstalk between empagliflozin and CD36 in FFA-induced renal injury. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and palmitic acid-treated HK-2 renal tubular cells were used for in vivo and in vitro assessments. Empagliflozin attenuated HFD-induced body weight gain, insulin resistance, and inflammation in mice. In HFD-fed mice, CD36 was upregulated in the tubular area of the kidney, whereas empagliflozin attenuated CD36 expression. Furthermore, empagliflozin downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. Treatment with a PPARγ inhibitor (GW9662) did not further decrease PPARγ expression, whereas a PPARγ antagonist reversed this effect; this suggested that empagliflozin may, at least partly, decrease CD36 by modulating PPARγ. In conclusion, empagliflozin can ameliorate FFA-induced renal tubular injury via the PPARγ/CD36 pathway.
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Wang H, Zhang S, Guo J. Lipotoxic Proximal Tubular Injury: A Primary Event in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:751529. [PMID: 34760900 PMCID: PMC8573085 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is a complex process that has a great relationship with lipotoxicity. Since the concept of “nephrotoxicity” was proposed, many studies have confirmed that lipotoxicity plays a significant role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and causes various renal dysfunction. This review will make a brief summary of renal injury caused by lipotoxicity that occurs primarily and predominantly in renal tubules during diabetic progression, further leading to glomerular dysfunction. The latest research suggests that lipotoxicity-mediated tubular injury may be a major event in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Circulating CD5L is associated with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22690-22709. [PMID: 34629330 PMCID: PMC8544330 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the association of CD5L and soluble CD36 (sCD36) with the risk of a cardiovascular event (CVE), including CV death and all-cause mortality in CKD. We evaluated the association of CD5L and sCD36 with a predefined composite CV endpoint (unstable angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, peripheral arterial disease [PAD] or amputation by PAD, aortic aneurysm, or death from CV causes) and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for CV risk factors. The analysis included 1,516 participants free from pre-existing CV disease followed up for 4 years. The median age was 62 years, 38.8% were female, and 26.8% had diabetes. There were 98 (6.5%) CVEs and 72 (4.8%) deaths, of which 26 (36.1%) were of CV origin. Higher baseline CD5L concentration was associated with increased risk of CVE (HR, 95% CI, 1.17, 1.0–1.36), and all-cause mortality (1.22, 1.01–1.48) after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, dyslipidemia, waist circumference, smoking, and CKD stage. sCD36 showed no association with adverse CV outcomes or mortality. Our study showed for the first time that higher concentrations of CD5L are associated with future CVE and all-cause mortality in individuals with CKD.
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Mitochondrial Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081144. [PMID: 34439810 PMCID: PMC8391472 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in physiology and kidney diseases, because they produce cellular energy required to perform their function. During mitochondrial metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. ROS function as secondary messengers, inducing redox-sensitive post-translational modifications (PTM) in proteins and activating or deactivating different cell signaling pathways. However, in kidney diseases, ROS overproduction causes oxidative stress (OS), inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and altering its metabolism and dynamics. The latter processes are closely related to changes in the cell redox-sensitive signaling pathways, causing inflammation and apoptosis cell death. Although mitochondrial metabolism, ROS production, and OS have been studied in kidney diseases, the role of redox signaling pathways in mitochondria has not been addressed. This review focuses on altering the metabolism and dynamics of mitochondria through the dysregulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways in kidney diseases.
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Wang Z, Chen L, Huang Y, Luo M, Wang H, Jiang Z, Zheng J, Yang Z, Chen Z, Zhang C, Long L, Wang Y, Li X, Liao F, Gan Y, Luo P, Liu Y, Wang Y, XuTan, Zhou Z, Zhang A, Shi C. Pharmaceutical targeting of succinate dehydrogenase in fibroblasts controls bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102082. [PMID: 34343908 PMCID: PMC8342973 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the lung with fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, leading to chronically compromising lung function and death. However, very little is known about the metabolic alterations of fibroblasts in IPF, and there is still a lack of pharmaceutical agents to target the metabolic dysregulation. Here we show a glycolysis upregulation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) downregulation in fibroblasts from fibrotic lung, and perturbation of glycolysis and FAO affects fibroblasts transdifferentiation. In addition, there is a significant accumulation of succinate both in fibrotic lung tissues and myofibroblasts, where succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) operates in reverse by reducing fumarate to succinate. Then succinate contributes to glycolysis upregulation and FAO downregulation by stabilizing HIF-1α, which promotes the development of lung fibrosis. In addition, we identify a near-infrared small molecule dye, IR-780, as a targeting agent which stimulates mild inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA) in fibroblasts, and which inhibits TGF-β1 induced SDH and succinate elevation, then to prevent fibrosis formation and respiratory dysfunction. Further, enhanced cell retention of IR-780 is shown to promote severe inhibition of SDHA in myofibroblasts, which may contribute to excessive ROS generation and selectively induces myofibroblasts to apoptosis, and then therapeutically improves established lung fibrosis in vivo. These findings indicate that targeting metabolic dysregulation has significant implications for therapies aimed at lung fibrosis and succinate dehydrogenase is an exciting new therapeutic target to treat IPF. Glycolysis upregulation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) downregulation in fibroblasts lead to lung fibrosis. Succinate contributes to metabolic dysregulation of fibroblasts by stabilizing HIF-1α. Succinate dehydrogenase is an exciting new therapeutic target to treat IPF. IR-780 can be a promising agent to control lung fibrosis by targeting succinate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Cardiology, Geriatric Cardiovascular Disease Research and Treatment Center, The 82nd Group Army Hospital of PLA (252 Hospital of PLA), Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Min Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Huilan Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhongyong Jiang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiancheng Zheng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Breast and Thyroid Surgical Department, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Long
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xueru Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Fengying Liao
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - XuTan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Toualbi LA, Mounir A, Wafa B, Medina A, Abderrezak K, Chahine T, Henni C, Abdelghani B, Atmane S. Implications of advanced oxidation protein products and vitamin E in atherosclerosis progression. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2021; 6:e135-e144. [PMID: 34381915 PMCID: PMC8336440 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2021.107823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) are considered as markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and highly predictive of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E (Vit-E) is a powerful antioxidant, but no consensus on its effectiveness at the level of AOPP or the process of atherosclerosis has been made. Hence this was the aim of the present study. MATERIAL AND METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted on 205 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 40 controls. The correlations between AOPP and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and different biological markers were analyzed. Supra-aortic trunk echo-Doppler was conducted to assess the correlation of AOPP with intima-media thickness. The effects of Vit-E treatment on AOPP levels and atherosclerosis progression were also investigated. RESULTS AOPP levels increased in parallel to the alteration of renal functions in CKD patients, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The mean value of AOPP increased concomitantly with the intima-media thickness (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AOPP mean value was higher in patients with atherosclerotic plaques (p < 0.05) compared to those without plaques. Vit-E treatment stabilized the levels of AOPP but had no effect on the atherosclerotic progression. CONCLUSIONS AOPP were proved to be effective markers of oxidative stress and their high levels help to predict the progression of atherosclerosis. As a powerful antioxidant, Vit-E stabilized the AOPP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azouaou Toualbi
- Hospital CHU Parnet Universite Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Nephrology, Parnet Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Algiers, Algeria
| | - Adnane Mounir
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Ballouti Wafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital of Parnet, Faculty of Medicine Algiers, Algeria
| | - Arab Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital of CPMC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Khelfi Abderrezak
- Department of Toxicology, Hospital of Bab el oued, Faculty of Pharmacy Algiers, Algeria
| | - Toualbi Chahine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital of Bejaia, Faculty of Medicine, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Chader Henni
- Department of Pharmacology, Pastor Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Seba Atmane
- Hospital CHU Parnet Universite Algiers, Algeria
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Mitrofanova A, Burke G, Merscher S, Fornoni A. New insights into renal lipid dysmetabolism in diabetic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:524-540. [PMID: 33995842 PMCID: PMC8107981 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid dysmetabolism is one of the main features of diabetes mellitus and manifests by dyslipidemia as well as the ectopic accumulation of lipids in various tissues and organs, including the kidney. Research suggests that impaired cholesterol metabolism, increased lipid uptake or synthesis, increased fatty acid oxidation, lipid droplet accumulation and an imbalance in biologically active sphingolipids (such as ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate) contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Currently, the literature suggests that both quality and quantity of lipids are associated with DKD and contribute to increased reactive oxygen species production, oxidative stress, inflammation, or cell death. Therefore, control of renal lipid dysmetabolism is a very important therapeutic goal, which needs to be archived. This article will review some of the recent advances leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of dyslipidemia and the role of particular lipids and sphingolipids in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - George Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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Sugar or Fat? Renal Tubular Metabolism Reviewed in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051580. [PMID: 34065078 PMCID: PMC8151053 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolically active organ that relies on specialized epithelial cells comprising the renal tubules to reabsorb most of the filtered water and solutes. Most of this reabsorption is mediated by the proximal tubules, and high amounts of energy are needed to facilitate solute movement. Thus, proximal tubules use fatty acid oxidation, which generates more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than glucose metabolism, as its preferred metabolic pathway. After kidney injury, metabolism is altered, leading to decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lactic acid generation. This review discusses how metabolism differs between the proximal and more distal tubular segments of the healthy nephron. In addition, metabolic changes in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are discussed, as well as how these changes in metabolism may impact tubule repair and chronic kidney disease progression.
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Moon S, Tsay JJ, Lampert H, Md Dom ZI, Kostic AD, Smiles A, Niewczas MA. Circulating short and medium chain fatty acids are associated with normoalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes of long duration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8592. [PMID: 33883567 PMCID: PMC8060327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of subjects with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) of long duration never develop albuminuria or renal function impairment, yet the underlying protective mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, our study included 308 Joslin Kidney Study subjects who had T1D of long duration (median: 24 years), maintained normal renal function and had either normoalbuminuria or a broad range of albuminuria within the 2 years preceding the metabolomic determinations. Serum samples were subjected to global metabolomic profiling. 352 metabolites were detected in at least 80% of the study population. In the logistic analyses adjusted for multiple testing (Bonferroni corrected α = 0.000028), we identified 38 metabolites associated with persistent normoalbuminuria independently from clinical covariates. Protective metabolites were enriched in Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFAs) and in Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) and particularly involved odd-numbered and dicarboxylate Fatty Acids. One quartile change of nonanoate, the top protective MCFA, was associated with high odds of having persistent normoalbuminuria (OR (95% CI) 0.14 (0.09, 0.23); p < 10-12). Multivariable Random Forest analysis concordantly indicated to MCFAs as effective classifiers. Associations of the relevant Fatty Acids with albuminuria seemed to parallel associations with tubular biomarkers. Our findings suggest that MCFAs and SCFAs contribute to the metabolic processes underlying protection against albuminuria development in T1D that are independent from mechanisms associated with changes in renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Moon
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John J Tsay
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Lampert
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zaipul I Md Dom
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Smiles
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Monika A Niewczas
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nakamichi R, Hayashi K, Itoh H. Effects of High Glucose and Lipotoxicity on Diabetic Podocytes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010241. [PMID: 33467659 PMCID: PMC7830342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular podocytes are highly differentiated cells that cover glomerular capillaries from the outside and have a characteristic morphology with numerous foot processes. The formation of slit membranes between the foot processes serves as a final filtration barrier for urine filtration from the blood. Podocyte damage causes disruption of the slit membrane, subsequent proteinuria and finally glomerulosclerosis, which is a common pathway in various types of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years, there has been an increase in diabetes, due to rapid lifestyle changes, which is the main cause of CKD. Therefore, understanding the effect of diabetic status on podocytes is of great importance to establish a strategy for preventing CKD progression. In this review, we summarize altered glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic podocytes and also discuss the reversibility of the changes in podocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5363-3796; Fax: +81-3-3359-2745
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Srivastava SP, Kanasaki K, Goodwin JE. Loss of Mitochondrial Control Impacts Renal Health. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:543973. [PMID: 33362536 PMCID: PMC7756079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.543973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial biosynthesis or dynamics, or loss of control over mitochondrial regulation leads to a significant alteration in fuel preference and metabolic shifts that potentially affect the health of kidney cells. Mitochondria regulate metabolic networks which affect multiple cellular processes. Indeed, mitochondria have established themselves as therapeutic targets in several diseases. The importance of mitochondria in regulating the pathogenesis of several diseases has been recognized, however, there is limited understanding of mitochondrial biology in the kidney. This review provides an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. We describe the importance of mitochondria and mitochondrial sirtuins in the regulation of renal metabolic shifts in diverse cells types, and review this loss of control leads to increased cell-to-cell transdifferentiation processes and myofibroblast-metabolic shifts, which affect the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases. In addition, we examine mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agents that offer potential leads in combating kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Julie E. Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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