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Mathew JK, Radhakrishnan C, K AB, Philomina BJ, K TN, Dhanasooraj D. Temporal Trends in SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Among COVID-19 Patients in Kerala During the First Wave and Pre-vaccination Period. Cureus 2024; 16:e61650. [PMID: 38966433 PMCID: PMC11223736 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus interacts with host cells through the S1 domain of its spike protein. This study measures the IgG immune response to this domain in COVID-19 patients from Kerala, India, and explores its association with various health factors. METHODS A cohort of 258 COVID-19 patients was analyzed for IgG antibodies targeting the S1 spike protein domain. The temporal pattern of the IgG response and its correlation with hospitalization needs, intensive care, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease were assessed. RESULTS A significant IgG response (76.4%) was detected, indicating robust immune activation post-infection. The IgG levels peaked between two to four and four to eight weeks post-infection, with a notable increase at 12 weeks, hinting at possible secondary exposure or an immune memory response. No correlation was found between IgG levels and the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or coronary artery disease. However, higher IgG responses correlated with the severity of the infection, as seen in patients requiring hospitalization or intensive care. CONCLUSIONS The IgG response to the S1 spike protein domain serves as a potential marker of immune activation in COVID-19. It reflects the body's defense mechanism against the virus and may predict disease severity and outcomes. The findings suggest that IgG levels could be indicative of the viral load, inflammatory response, and possibly the likelihood of protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithu K Mathew
- Microbiology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kottayam, IND
| | - Chandni Radhakrishnan
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kozhikode, IND
- Medical Education, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, IND
| | - Ajitha B K
- Statistics, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Thrissur, IND
| | | | | | - Dhananjayan Dhanasooraj
- Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kozhikode, IND
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2
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Senjam SS, Manna S, Goel G, Balhara YPS, Ray A, Gupta Y, Lomi N, Gupta V, Vashist P, Titiyal JS, Kashyap N, Kumar R. Vaccination coverage against COVID-19 among rural population in Haryana, India: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299564. [PMID: 38457391 PMCID: PMC10923481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conducting a study in rural pre-dominant areas will help to understand the penetration of the vaccination campaign during the COVID-19 health crisis. This study aimed to investigate vaccination coverage against COVID-19 among the rural adult population in India and to identify factors associated with vaccination coverage. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the rural population in one district of north India from January to February 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed on the SurveyMonkey digital platform for interviewing the participants, which consisted of questions related to socio-demographic profile, health problems, vaccination status, types of vaccine, re-infection after vaccination, and functional difficulties. The data regarding infection with COVID-19 was collected based on self-reported positive testing for SARS-CoV 2 on RT-PCR. FINDINGS A total of 3700 eligible individuals were enumerated for the survey, out of which 2954 (79.8%) were interviewed. The infection rate of past COVID-19 infection, based on self-report of testing positive, was 6.2% (95%CI: 5.3-7.1). Covishield vaccine was received by most participants (81.3%, 2380) followed by Covaxin (12.3%, 361) and Pfizer manufactured vaccine (0.03,1). The coverage for first, second, and booster doses of the vaccine was 98.2% (2902), 94.8% (2802), and 10.7% (315) respectively. The risk of reinfection at 12 months or more among participants with two doses of vaccine was 1.6% (46/2802, 95%CI: 1.2-2.1). The coverage among those with severe functional difficulties was lesser as compared to those with some or no difficulties. INTERPRETATION Vaccination coverage against COVID-19 in rural Haryana, India is not dependent on factors like gender or occupation but is dependent on age and education. Although the full and partial vaccination coverage is high, the booster dose coverage is poor. In addition, the presence of severe disability was significantly associated with reduced vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Singh Senjam
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Souvik Manna
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Goel
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Animesh Ray
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashdeep Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neiwete Lomi
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Vashist
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeewan Singh Titiyal
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Kashyap
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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3
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Jain A, Negi G, Kaur D, S V, Saxena V. Utility of COVID-19 Seropositive Plasma as Convalescent Plasma: An Immune and Neutralization Antibody Seroprevalence Analysis in Blood Donors for Future Potential Pandemic Readiness. Cureus 2024; 16:e57149. [PMID: 38681329 PMCID: PMC11055615 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in blood donors during the second wave of the pandemic and to explore the utility of COVID-19 seropositive plasma as convalescent plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 696 blood donors were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using a chemiluminescence assay. By blinding, 271 samples were chosen randomly for testing of neutralizing antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in duplicate among the 696 blood donors tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, irrespective of the positivity or negativity of the result of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by chemiluminescence assay. IgG antibody levels were analyzed in signal-to-cutoff (S/Co), while neutralizing antibody levels were analyzed in percentage inhibition. RESULTS The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies based on the S/Co for the positive results ≥ 1.00 was 82.75%, while the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies based on the percentage inhibition for the positive results ≥ 30% was 89.59%. Frontline workers (FLWs) and Covishield-vaccinated individuals showed higher levels of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies regarding higher S/Co. In comparison, levels of neutralization antibodies regarding percentage inhibition were higher only in FLWs. Covishield-vaccinated donors elicited a statistically higher seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies compared to the Covaxin-vaccinated, while the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies was not statistically different among this group. There was a positive correlation (0.762) between anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies, and almost all donors' of S/Co ≥ 9.5 had neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSION This study showed higher seroprevalence in the blood donor population compared to published seroprevalence in India's second wave of the pandemic. In the current study, 328 donors (47.12%) of the 696 screened donors were neither vaccinated nor had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, but many had antibodies. The seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (96.42%) was higher than the seroprevalence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (85.71%) in the donors who had previous infection of COVID-19. On the other hand, vaccinated donors showed similar immune responses for neutralizing antibodies and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Higher IgG immune reactivity in S/Co showed a good correlation with neutralizing antibodies and can be used to screen whole blood donors for convalescent plasma donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Jain
- Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Gita Negi
- Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Daljit Kaur
- Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Vivekanandhan S
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Vartika Saxena
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
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4
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Selvavinayagam TS, Somasundaram A, Selvam JM, Sampath P, Vijayalakshmi V, Kumar CAB, Subramaniam S, Kumarasamy P, Raju S, Avudaiselvi R, Prakash V, Yogananth N, Subramanian G, Roshini A, Dhiliban DN, Imad S, Tandel V, Parasa R, Sachdeva S, Ramachandran S, Malani A. Contribution of infection and vaccination to population-level seroprevalence through two COVID waves in Tamil Nadu, India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2091. [PMID: 38267448 PMCID: PMC10808562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study employs repeated, large panels of serological surveys to document rapid and substantial waning of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the population level and to calculate the extent to which infection and vaccination separately contribute to seroprevalence estimates. Four rounds of serological surveys were conducted, spanning two COVID waves (October 2020 and April-May 2021), in Tamil Nadu (population 72 million) state in India. Each round included representative populations in each district of the state, totaling ≥ 20,000 persons per round. State-level seroprevalence was 31.5% in round 1 (October-November 2020), after India's first COVID wave. Seroprevalence fell to 22.9% in round 2 (April 2021), a roughly one-third decline in 6 months, consistent with dramatic waning of SARS-Cov-2 antibodies from natural infection. Seroprevalence rose to 67.1% by round 3 (June-July 2021), with infections from the Delta-variant induced second COVID wave accounting for 74% of the increase. Seroprevalence rose to 93.1% by round 4 (December 2021-January 2022), with vaccinations accounting for 63% of the increase. Antibodies also appear to wane after vaccination. Seroprevalence in urban areas was higher than in rural areas, but the gap shrunk over time (35.7 v. 25.7% in round 1, 89.8% v. 91.4% in round 4) as the epidemic spread even in low-density rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jerard Maria Selvam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sampath
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Vijayalakshmi
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Ajith Brabhu Kumar
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Parthipan Kumarasamy
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Raju
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Avudaiselvi
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Prakash
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Yogananth
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Subramanian
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Roshini
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D N Dhiliban
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sofia Imad
- Artha Global, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Liu S, Anzai A, Nishiura H. Reconstructing the COVID-19 incidence in India using airport screening data in Japan. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:12. [PMID: 38166666 PMCID: PMC10763058 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) occurred in India from March to July 2021, resulting in 19 million documented cases. Given the limited healthcare and testing capacities, the actual number of infections is likely to have been greater than reported, and several modelling studies and excess mortality research indicate that this epidemic involved substantial morbidity and mortality. METHODS To estimate the incidence during this epidemic, we used border entry screening data in Japan to estimate the daily incidence and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infection in India. Analysing the results of mandatory testing among non-Japanese passengers entering Japan from India, we calculated the prevalence and then backcalculated the incidence in India from February 28 to July 3, 2021. RESULTS The estimated number of infections ranged from 448 to 576 million people, indicating that 31.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.1, 37.7) - 40.9% (95% CI: 33.5, 48.4) of the population in India had experienced COVID-19 infection from February 28 to July 3, 2021. In addition to obtaining cumulative incidence that was consistent with published estimates, we showed that the actual incidence of COVID-19 infection during the 2021 epidemic in India was approximately 30 times greater than that based on documented cases, giving a crude infection fatality risk of 0.47%. Adjusting for test-negative certificate before departure, the quality control of which was partly questionable, the cumulative incidence can potentially be up to 2.3-2.6 times greater than abovementioned estimates. CONCLUSIONS Our estimate of approximately 32-41% cumulative infection risk from February 28 to July 3, 2021 is roughly consistent with other published estimates, and they can potentially be greater, given an exit screening before departure. The present study results suggest the potential utility of border entry screening data to backcalculate the incidence in countries with limited surveillance capacity owing to a major surge in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshidakonoe cho, Sakyo ku, Kyoto City, 6068501, Japan
| | - Asami Anzai
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshidakonoe cho, Sakyo ku, Kyoto City, 6068501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshidakonoe cho, Sakyo ku, Kyoto City, 6068501, Japan.
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6
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Rajagopal PM, Sil S, Dinesh P, Shiju S, Arunkumar DP, Ramaiah SS, Lalitha HR, Mamatha T, Kantinath PA, Pujari L, Pradeep BS, Shenoy AB, Desai A, Munivenkatappa A, Gudi CS, Babu GR, Sudarshan MK. Assessing the Burden of COVID-19 among Children Aged 6-14 Years in Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Survey. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:110-114. [PMID: 38425984 PMCID: PMC10900468 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_60_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background India experienced three coronavirus disease (COVID-19) waves, with the third attributed to the highly contagious Omicron variant. Before the national vaccination rollout for children above 6, understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) positivity in the pediatric population was essential. This study aims to assess the burden of Covid-19 infection and to estimate the seroprevalence in children aged 6 to 14 years in the state of Karnataka. Material and Methods We surveyed 5,358 children aged 6-14 across Karnataka using 232 health facilities, from June 6 to 14, 2022. We determined the sample size using the PPS (Population Proportional to Size) technique and employed cluster sampling. We tested all participants for SARS-CoV-2 IgG with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and SARS-CoV-2 RNA with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We sequenced samples with a cycle threshold (CT) value below 25 using whole genomic sequencing (WGS). Result We found an adjusted seroprevalence of IgG at 75.38% statewide, and we found 0.04% of children RT-PCR positive for COVID-19. We determined a case-to-infection ratio of 1:37 and identified the SARS-CoV-2 strains as Omicron, BA.5, and BA.2.10. Conclusion The study showed a high seroprevalence of IgG among children with low active infection. Omicron, BA. 5, and BA. 2.10 variants were detected through WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma M Rajagopal
- Deputy Director, State Surveillance Unit DHFW Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Satyam Sil
- State Epidemiologist, IDSP, NHM Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Prameela Dinesh
- State Microbiologist State Surveillance Unit, DHFW Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa Shiju
- State Microbiologist IDSP, DHFW Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - D P Arunkumar
- Deputy Director eHealth, DHFW Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas S Ramaiah
- State Epidemiologist- State Surveillance Unit, DHFW Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | | | - T Mamatha
- State Consultant Training/Technical, IDSP, NHM Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Lokesh Pujari
- Linux System Administrator, eHealth, DHFW Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - BS Pradeep
- Department of Epidemiology Centre for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha B Shenoy
- Life Skills Training and Counselling Services Programme, Department of Epidemiology, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Anita Desai
- Department of Neurovirology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok Munivenkatappa
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology Bangalore Unit, RGICD Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetan S Gudi
- Head SPMU and IT Officer, Urban Mission, RD Commisionarate, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - M K Sudarshan
- Community Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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7
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Bateyi Mustafa SH, Kabamba M, Onyango RO. Determinants of parents' intention to vaccinate their children aged 12-17 years against COVID-19 in North Kivu (Democratic Republic of Congo). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2179788. [PMID: 36864602 PMCID: PMC10026875 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2179788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents are facing tremendous stress in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination program for children. We aimed to investigate parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in North Kivu province, (Democratic Republic of Congo). A cross-sectional survey between 1 December 2021 to 20 January 2022 in six health zones (Goma, Karisimbi, Butembo, Beni, Kamango, and Katwa) was conducted in the province of North Kivu. In each health zone, we selected five clusters (Health area) using the method of probabilistic selection proportional to population size. In total, 522 parents participated in our study. Results: Overall, 32.8% of parents intended to vaccinate their children. In the multivariate analysis, a younger age of parents (aOR: 2.40, CI: [1.50-3.83]), a higher level of fear that "a member of my family" could contract COVID-19 (aOR: 2.35, CI: [1.38-4.02]), a higher level of perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 within the family (aOR: 1.70, CI: [1.005-2.2881]), a higher level of perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 within the family (aOR: 3.07, CI: [1.80-5.23]), and a history of vaccination against COVID-19 among parents (aOR: 16.47, CI: [8.39-32.33]), were all significantly associated with the intention of parents to have their children or adolescents vaccinated. According to the different explanatory factors of the will to have their children vaccinated, an emphasis on the health education of parents who are prone to refusal or hesitation of the vaccine, by addressing the common reasons for the refusal of the vaccine and highlight the vaccine's benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Hans Bateyi Mustafa
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Community Development, Great Lacs University of Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Michel Kabamba
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Rosebella O Onyango
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Community Development, Great Lacs University of Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya
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8
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Misra P, Singh AK, Mishra B, Behera B, Patro BK, Medigeshi GR, Joshi HS, Ahmad M, Chaturvedi PK, Chinnakali P, Haldar P, Bairwa M, Kharya P, Dhodapkar R, Rath R, Guleria R, Rai SK, Kar SS, Kant S, Sarkar S, Baidya S, Meena S, Mandal S, Kishore S, Majumder T, Hada V. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics up to 6 months of follow-up: Result from a nation-wide population-based, age stratified sero-epidemiological prospective cohort study in India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287807. [PMID: 38079384 PMCID: PMC10712846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated serological testing tells about the change in the overall infection in a community. This study aimed to evaluate changes in antibody prevalence and kinetics in a closed cohort over six months in different sub-populations in India. The study included 10,000 participants from rural and urban areas in five states and measured SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum in three follow-up rounds. The overall seroprevalence increased from 73.9% in round one to 90.7% in round two and 92.9% in round three. Among seropositive rural participants in round one, 98.2% remained positive in round two, and this percentage remained stable in urban and tribal areas in round three. The results showed high antibody prevalence that increased over time and was not different based on area, age group, or sex. Vaccinated individuals had higher antibody prevalence, and nearly all participants had antibody positivity for up to six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Misra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Baijayantimala Mishra
- Department Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Bijayini Behera
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Binod Kumar Patro
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Hari Shanker Joshi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- World Health Organization, WHO Country Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Palanivel Chinnakali
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Partha Haldar
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Bairwa
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kharya
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rahul Dhodapkar
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ramashankar Rath
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Rai
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Sarkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Subrata Baidya
- Department of Community Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, India
| | - Suneeta Meena
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suprakash Mandal
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tapan Majumder
- Department of Microbiology, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, India
| | - Vivek Hada
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Ghosh A, Goyal K, Singh R, Lakshmi PVM, Kaur R, Kumar V, Muralidharan J, Puri GD, Ram J, Singh MP. High prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among unvaccinated children of Chandigarh, Northwest India, in a household-based paediatric serosurvey post-second wave of pandemic (June to July 2021). Public Health 2023; 225:160-167. [PMID: 37931485 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination policy covers children aged >12 years. Unvaccinated, uninfected children remain susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and play a role in community transmission, as paediatric infection is mostly mild or asymptomatic. To estimate the proportion of susceptible children in a community for public health measures, there is a need to assess the extent of natural infection. STUDY DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional household serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated children aged between 6 and 18 years after the second COVID-19 wave. METHODS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobin G (IgG) testing in serum was done using chemiluminescence immunoassay. We used a logistic regression model to investigate predicted factors of seropositivity. RESULTS We observed a high prevalence (weighted average: 68.3%) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in 2700 enrolled children. Logistic regression for predictors of IgG seropositivity showed lower odds in households with completely vaccinated adults (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26-0.71, P = 0.0011) compared with households with unvaccinated adults. Other factors for low seropositivity included frontline workers as family members (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52-0.91, P = 0.0091) and non-crowded households (adjusted OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.89, P = 0.0019). CONCLUSION A high SARS-CoV-2 IgG prevalence in unvaccinated children was indicative of previous exposure to potentially infected contacts. This implies in-person academic activities for children can be continued during future community transmission. Comparatively lower seropositivity in children of completely vaccinated households or frontline workers suggests decreased transmission due to vaccination-induced immunity of family members. Vaccination will still be required in these children to maintain protective IgG levels, particularly in low seroprevalence groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghosh
- Department of Virology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Goyal
- Department of Virology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Community Medicine & School of Public Health, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P V M Lakshmi
- Department of Community Medicine & School of Public Health, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Kaur
- Department of Virology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Virology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - J Muralidharan
- Advanced Pediatric Centre, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - G D Puri
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - J Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M P Singh
- Department of Virology, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Hitchings MDT, Patel EU, Khan R, Srikrishnan AK, Anderson M, Kumar KS, Wesolowski AP, Iqbal SH, Rodgers MA, Mehta SH, Cloherty G, Cummings DAT, Solomon SS. A Mixture Model for Estimating SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Chennai, India. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1552-1561. [PMID: 37084085 PMCID: PMC10472327 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays used to estimate the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) often rely on manufacturers' cutoffs established on the basis of severe cases. We conducted a household-based serosurvey of 4,677 individuals in Chennai, India, from January to May 2021. Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. We calculated seroprevalence, defining seropositivity using manufacturer cutoffs and using a mixture model based on measured IgG level. Using manufacturer cutoffs, there was a 5-fold difference in seroprevalence estimated by each assay. This difference was largely reconciled using the mixture model, with estimated anti-S and anti-N IgG seroprevalence of 64.9% (95% credible interval (CrI): 63.8, 66.0) and 51.5% (95% CrI: 50.2, 52.9), respectively. Age and socioeconomic factors showed inconsistent relationships with anti-S and anti-N IgG seropositivity using manufacturer cutoffs. In the mixture model, age was not associated with seropositivity, and improved household ventilation was associated with lower seropositivity odds. With global vaccine scale-up, the utility of the more stable anti-S IgG assay may be limited due to the inclusion of the S protein in several vaccines. Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence using alternative targets must consider heterogeneity in seroresponse to ensure that seroprevalence is not underestimated and correlates are not misinterpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D T Hitchings
- Correspondence to Dr. Matt Hitchings, Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Clinical and Translational Research Building, 5th Floor, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32603 (e-mail: )
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11
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Shivgunde P, Thakare S, Sen S, Kanitkar M, Agrawal M, Vidyasagar M. COVID-19 Pandemic in Malegaon: SUTRA over the Three Waves. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:344-351. [PMID: 37781020 PMCID: PMC10533435 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two years, the COVID-19 pandemic has seen multiple waves with high morbidity and mortality. Lockdowns and other prompt responses helped India's situation become less severe. Although Malegaon in the Indian state of Maharashtra has a high population density, poor hygienic standards, and oppositional local community views toward national pandemic addressing measures, it is nevertheless reasonably safe. To understand the possible reasons serosurvey was conducted to estimate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels in the Malegaon population. Also, we did SUTRA mathematical modeling to the Malegaon daily data on COVID-19 attributable events and compared it with the National and state level. The case fatality rate (CFR) in Malegaon city for the first, second, and third waves was 3.25%, 2.25%, and 0.39%, respectively. The crude death rate (CDR) for Maharashtra ranked first for the initial two waves and India for the third wave. Malegaon, meanwhile, finished second in the first two waves but fared best in the third. The Vaccination coverage for the first dose before the second wave was only 0.34% but had risen to 64.46% by 12 Oct 2022. By then, the second and booster dose coverage was 27.55% and 2.38%, respectively. Serosurvey did between 12 and 18 Jan 2022 showed a 93.93% anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody presence. SUTRA modeling elucidated the high levels of antibodies due to the pandemic-reach over 102% by the third wave. The serosurvey and the model explain why the pandemic severity in terms of duration and CFR during the subsequent waves, especially third wave, was milder compared to the first wave in spite of low vaccination rates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01096-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Shivgunde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, MH 422004 India
| | - Sapana Thakare
- Malegaon Municipal Corporation, Malegaon, MH 423105 India
| | - Sourav Sen
- University Research Department, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, MH 422004 India
| | - Madhuri Kanitkar
- Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, MH 422004 India
| | | | - Mathukumalli Vidyasagar
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS 502284 India
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12
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Gupta A, Basu R, Bashyam MD. Assessing the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and the dynamic associations between nucleotide variations. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000513.v3. [PMID: 37601437 PMCID: PMC10436015 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000513.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite seminal advances towards understanding the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), it continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Though mass immunization programmes have been implemented in several countries, the viral transmission cycle has shown a continuous progression in the form of multiple waves. A constant change in the frequencies of dominant viral lineages, arising from the accumulation of nucleotide variations (NVs) through favourable selection, is understandably expected to be a major determinant of disease severity and possible vaccine escape. Indeed, worldwide efforts have been initiated to identify specific virus lineage(s) and/or NVs that may cause a severe clinical presentation or facilitate vaccination breakthrough. Since host genetics is expected to play a major role in shaping virus evolution, it is imperative to study the role of genome-wide SARS-CoV-2 NVs across various populations. In the current study, we analysed the whole genome sequence of 3543 SARS-CoV-2-infected samples obtained from the state of Telangana, India (including 210 from our previous study), collected over an extended period from April 2020 to October 2021. We present a unique perspective on the evolution of prevalent virus lineages and NVs during this period. We also highlight the presence of specific NVs likely to be associated favourably with samples classified as vaccination breakthroughs. Finally, we report genome-wide intra-host variations at novel genomic positions. The results presented here provide critical insights into virus evolution over an extended period and pave the way to rigorously investigate the role of specific NVs in vaccination breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Gupta
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre of DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Reelina Basu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre of DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Murali Dharan Bashyam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre of DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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13
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Owusu-Boaitey N, Russell TW, Meyerowitz-Katz G, Levin AT, Herrera-Esposito D. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroassay sensitivity: a systematic review and modelling study. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200809. [PMID: 37227301 PMCID: PMC10283460 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.21.2200809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSerological surveys have been the gold standard to estimate numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections, the dynamics of the epidemic, and disease severity. Serological assays have decaying sensitivity with time that can bias their results, but there is a lack of guidelines to account for this phenomenon for SARS-CoV-2.AimOur goal was to assess the sensitivity decay of seroassays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections, the dependence of this decay on assay characteristics, and to provide a simple method to correct for this phenomenon.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 serology studies. We included studies testing previously diagnosed, unvaccinated individuals, and excluded studies of cohorts highly unrepresentative of the general population (e.g. hospitalised patients).ResultsOf the 488 screened studies, 76 studies reporting on 50 different seroassays were included in the analysis. Sensitivity decay depended strongly on the antigen and the analytic technique used by the assay, with average sensitivities ranging between 26% and 98% at 6 months after infection, depending on assay characteristics. We found that a third of the included assays departed considerably from manufacturer specifications after 6 months.ConclusionsSeroassay sensitivity decay depends on assay characteristics, and for some types of assays, it can make manufacturer specifications highly unreliable. We provide a tool to correct for this phenomenon and to assess the risk of decay for a given assay. Our analysis can guide the design and interpretation of serosurveys for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens and quantify systematic biases in the existing serology literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Owusu-Boaitey
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Timothy W Russell
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew T Levin
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
- National Bureau for Economic Research, Cambridge, United States
- Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Herrera-Esposito
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro Interdisciplinario en Ciencia de Datos y Aprendizaje Automático, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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14
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Moreno-Medina K, Sáenz Pérez LD, Villar JC, Váquiro Herrera E, Pérez Franco JE, Varón-Vega FA, Guanes Cortés R, Steevens Gualdrón A, Sarmiento Becerra MS. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in workers from a Colombian University Hospital. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:128-132. [PMID: 36719103 PMCID: PMC10132206 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody (Ab) tests for SARS-CoV-2 virus allows for the estimation of incidence, level of exposure and duration of immunity acquired by a previous infection. In health workers, the hospital setting might convey a greater risk of infection. AIMS To describe the frequency of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Abs (IgG-Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among workers at a third-level university hospital in Colombia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included medical and non-medical personnel with at least one real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/antigen test between March 2020 and March 2021. In April 2021, an IgG-Ab test against SARS-CoV-2 was conducted for all participants and replicated 2 weeks later in a random sample (10%). The frequency of IgG-Abs is presented based on status (positive/negative) and time elapsed since RT-PCR/antigen test (<3 months, 3-6 months, >6 months). RESULTS We included 1021 workers (80% women, median age 34 years (interquartile range 28-42), 73% medical personnel, 23% with previous positive RT-PCR/antigen). The overall seroprevalence was 35% (95% CI 31.6-37.4, 35% in medical and 33% in non-medical personnel). For those with a previous positive RT-PCR/antigen test, the seroprevalence was 90% (<3 months), 82% (3-6 months) and 48% (>6 months). In participants with a previous negative RT-PCR/antigen test, the seroprevalence was 17% (<3 months), 21% (3-6 months) and 29% (>6 months). CONCLUSIONS High IgG-Ab positivity was found in hospital personnel, regardless of work activities. The prevalence of detectable Abs differed by previous RT-PCR/antigen status and time elapsed since the diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moreno-Medina
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - L D Sáenz Pérez
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - J C Villar
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - E Váquiro Herrera
- Research Centre, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - J E Pérez Franco
- Infectology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - F A Varón-Vega
- Intensive Care Unit, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - R Guanes Cortés
- Clinical Laboratory, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - A Steevens Gualdrón
- Clinical Laboratory, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
| | - M S Sarmiento Becerra
- Occupational Health and Safety, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
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Cortés-Sarabia K, Palomares-Monterrubio KH, Velázquez-Moreno JO, Luna-Pineda VM, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Vences-Velázquez A, Dircio-Maldonado R, Del Moral-Hernández O, Illades-Aguiar B. Seroprevalence of IgG and Subclasses against the Nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 in Health Workers. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040955. [PMID: 37112935 PMCID: PMC10141201 DOI: 10.3390/v15040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 participates in viral replication, transcription, and assembly. Antibodies against this protein have been proposed for the epidemiological analysis of the seroprevalence of COVID-19 associated with natural infection by SARS-CoV-2. Health workers were one of the most exposed populations, and some had an asymptomatic form of the disease, so detecting IgG antibodies and subclasses against the N protein can help to reclassify their epidemiological status and obtain information about the effector mechanisms associated with viral elimination. METHODS In this study, we analyzed 253 serum samples collected in 2021 and derived from health workers, and evaluated the presence of total IgG and subclasses against the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 by indirect ELISA. RESULTS From the analyzed samples, 42.69% were positive to anti-N IgG antibodies. A correlation between COVID-19 asymptomatic infection and IgG antibodies was observed (p = 0.006). The detected subclasses were: IgG1 (82.4%), IgG2 (75.9%), IgG3 (42.6%), and IgG4 (72.6%). CONCLUSIONS This work provides evidence about the high seroprevalence of total IgG and subclasses of anti-N and their relations with the asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cortés-Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Kenet Hisraim Palomares-Monterrubio
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Jesús Omar Velázquez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Luna-Pineda
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Roberto Dircio-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Chimeddorj B, Bailie CR, Mandakh U, Price DJ, Bayartsogt B, Meagher N, Altanbayar O, Magvan B, Deleg Z, Gantumur A, Byambaa O, Nyamdavaa E, Enkhtugs K, Munkhbayar U, Bayanjargal B, Badamsambuu T, Dashtseren M, Amartuvshin T, Narmandakh Z, Togoo K, Boldbaatar EA, Bat-Erdene A, Chimeddorj U, Nyamdavaa K, Tsevegmid E, Batjargal O, Enebish O, Enebish G, Batchuluun B, Zulmunkh G, Byambatsogt G, Enebish T, Le LV, Bergeri I, McVernon J, Erkhembayar R. SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiology in Mongolia, 2020-2021: a longitudinal national study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 36:100760. [PMID: 37360871 PMCID: PMC10084888 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has global impacts but is relatively understudied in developing countries. Mongolia, a lower-middle-income country, instituted strict control measures in early 2020 and avoided widespread transmission until vaccines became available in February, 2021. Mongolia achieved its 60% vaccination coverage goal by July 2021. We investigated the distribution and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Mongolia over 2020 and 2021. Methods We performed a longitudinal seroepidemiologic study aligned with WHO's Unity Studies protocols. We collected data from a panel of 5000 individuals in four rounds between October 2020 and December 2021. We selected participants through local health centres across Mongolia by age-stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. We tested serum for the presence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG and neutralising antibodies. We linked participant data with national mortality, COVID-19 case, and vaccination registries. We estimated population seroprevalence and vaccine uptake, as well as unvaccinated population prior-infection prevalence. Findings At the final round in late 2021, 82% (n = 4088) of participants completed follow-up. Estimated seroprevalence increased from 1.5% (95% CI: 1.2-2.0), to 82.3% (95% CI: 79.5-84.8) between late-2020 and late-2021. At the final round an estimated 62.4% (95% CI: 60.2-64.5) of the population were vaccinated, and of the unvaccinated population 64.5% (95% CI: 59.7-69.0) had been infected. Cumulative case ascertainment in the unvaccinated was 22.8% (95% CI: 19.1%-26.9%) and the overall infection-fatality ratio was 0.100% (95% CI: 0.088-0.124). Health workers had higher odds for being COVID-19 confirmed cases at all rounds. Males (1.72 (95% CI: 1.33-2.22)) and adults aged 20 and above (12.70 (95% CI: 8.14-20.26)) had higher odds for seroconverting by mid-2021. Among the seropositive, 87.1% (95% CI: 82.3%-90.8%) had SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies by late 2021. Interpretation Our study enabled tracking of SARS-CoV-2 serological markers in the Mongolian population over one year. We found low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in 2020 and early 2021, with seropositivity increasing over a 3-month interval in 2021 due to vaccine roll out and rapid infection of most of the unvaccinated population. Despite high seroprevalence in Mongolia amongst both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals by end-2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron immune escape variant caused a substantial epidemic. Funding World Health Organization, WHO UNITY Studies initiative, with funding by the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund and the German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) COVID-19 Research and development. The Ministry of Health, Mongolia partially funded this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battogtokh Chimeddorj
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Christopher R. Bailie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Undram Mandakh
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - David J. Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Batzorig Bayartsogt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Niamh Meagher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oyunbaatar Altanbayar
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Battur Magvan
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Zolzaya Deleg
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Anuujin Gantumur
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Otgonjargal Byambaa
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Enkhgerel Nyamdavaa
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Khangai Enkhtugs
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Usukhbayar Munkhbayar
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batkhuu Bayanjargal
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tuyajargal Badamsambuu
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Myagmartseren Dashtseren
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tsolmontuya Amartuvshin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Zolmunkh Narmandakh
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Khongorzul Togoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Enkh-Amar Boldbaatar
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ariunzaya Bat-Erdene
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | - Ochbadrakh Batjargal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Gerelmaa Enebish
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batzaya Batchuluun
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Mongolia Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gereltsetseg Zulmunkh
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Mongolia Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ganbaatar Byambatsogt
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Temuulen Enebish
- Regional Office for the Western Pacific, World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines
| | - Linh-Vi Le
- Regional Office for the Western Pacific, World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Jodie McVernon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar
- Department of International Cyber Education, Graduate School, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Kumar T, Jha K, Zabihullah M, Neelu K, Kumar Y, Siddharth K. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on semen quality in male partners of infertile couples: a hospital-based observational study. Asian J Androl 2023; 25:240-244. [PMID: 36348579 PMCID: PMC10069688 DOI: 10.4103/aja202278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on male fertility have received considerable attention because human testes contain high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors, through which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can enter. Early studies showed decreases in semen quality during and after recovery from COVID-19. However, no semen quality studies have examined the effects of widespread subclinical and mild disease, as well as changes in lifestyle, psychosocial behavior, intake of dietary supplements, and stress. This cross-sectional study compared semen quality parameters in male partners of infertile couples between men who underwent semen analysis before the COVID-19 pandemic (prepandemic group) and men who underwent semen analysis during the pandemic period (pandemic group); the analysis sought to clarify the overall effects of the pandemic. No participants in the pandemic group had experienced clinically overt disease. Among the 239 participants, mean body weight (P = 0.001), mean body mass index (P < 0.001), median sperm concentration (P = 0.014), total sperm count (P = 0.006), and total percentages of motile (P = 0.013) and abnormal cells (P < 0.001) were significantly greater in the pandemic group (n = 137) than those in the prepandemic group (n = 102). Among abnormal cells, the percentages of cells with excess residual cytoplasm (P < 0.001), head defects (P < 0.001), and tail defects (P = 0.015) were significantly greater in the pandemic group than those in the prepandemic group. With the exception of morphology, the overall semenogram results were better in the pandemic group than those in the prepandemic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tribhuwan Kumar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Kamlesh Jha
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Md Zabihullah
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Kumari Neelu
- Akshat Spandan Clinic, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Kumar Siddharth
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
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Amati R, Piumatti G, Franscella G, Buttaroni P, Camerini AL, Corna L, Levati S, Fadda M, Fiordelli M, Annoni AM, Bezani K, Amendola A, Fragoso Corti C, Sabatini S, Kaufmann M, Frei A, Puhan MA, Crivelli L, Albanese E. Trajectories of Seroprevalence and Neutralizing Activity of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Switzerland between July 2020 and July 2021: An Ongoing, Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3703. [PMID: 36834397 PMCID: PMC9964112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic continues, and evidence on infection- and vaccine-induced immunity is key. We assessed COVID-19 immunity and the neutralizing antibody response to virus variants across age groups in the Swiss population. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a cohort study in representative community-dwelling residents aged five years or older in southern Switzerland (total population 353,343), and we collected blood samples in July 2020 (in adults only, N = 646), November-December 2020 (N = 1457), and June-July 2021 (N = 885). METHODS We used a previously validated Luminex assay to measure antibodies targeting the spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) proteins of the virus and a high-throughput cell-free neutralization assay optimized for multiple spike protein variants. We calculated seroprevalence with a Bayesian logistic regression model accounting for the population's sociodemographic structure and the test performance, and we compared the neutralizing activity between vaccinated and convalescent participants across virus variants. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence was 7.8% (95% CI: 5.4-10.4) by July 2020 and 20.2% (16.4-24.4) by December 2020. By July 2021, the overall seroprevalence increased substantially to 72.5% (69.1-76.4), with the highest estimates of 95.6% (92.8-97.8) among older adults, who developed up to 10.3 more antibodies via vaccination than after infection compared to 3.7 times more in adults. The neutralizing activity was significantly higher for vaccine-induced than infection-induced antibodies for all virus variants (all p values < 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination chiefly contributed to the reduction in immunonaive individuals, particularly those in older age groups. Our findings on the greater neutralizing activity of vaccine-induced antibodies than infection-induced antibodies are greatly informative for future vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Amati
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni Franscella
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Peter Buttaroni
- Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Corna
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Sara Levati
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Marta Fadda
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maddalena Fiordelli
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Annoni
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Kleona Bezani
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Amendola
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Fragoso Corti
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, 6501 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Serena Sabatini
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Kaufmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Frei
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo Alan Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Crivelli
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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Mathur A, Sahu S, Rai S, Ghoshal U, Ghoshal UC. Serological response to vaccination against coronavirus disease-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:64-69. [PMID: 36598745 PMCID: PMC9811048 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is effective in preventing the occurrence or reduction in the severity of the infection. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are on immunomodulators, which may alter serological response to vaccination against COVID-19. Accordingly, we studied (i) the serological response to vaccination against COVID-19 in IBD patients and (ii) a comparison of serological response in IBD patients with that in healthy controls. A prospective study was undertaken during a 6-month period (July 2021 to January 2022). Seroconversion was assessed among vaccinated, unvaccinated IBD patients and vaccinated healthy controls using anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG) antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and optical density (OD) was measured at 450 nm. OD is directly proportional to the antibody concentration. One hundred and thirty-two blood samples were collected from 97 IBD patients (85 [87.6%] ulcerative colitis and 12 [12.4%] Crohn's disease). Forty-one of the seventy-one (57.7%) unvaccinated and 60/61 (98.4%) vaccinated IBD patients tested positive (OD > 0.3) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Fourteen of the sixteen (87.5%) healthy controls tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Vaccinated IBD patients had higher ODs than unvaccinated IBD patients (1.31 [1.09-1.70] vs. 0.53 [0.19-1.32], p < 0.001) and 16 vaccinated healthy controls (1.31 [1.09-1.70] vs. 0.64 [0.43-0.78], p < 0.001). Three of the seventy-one (4.2%) unvaccinated IBD patients reported having recovered from COVID-19. Most IBD patients seroconvert after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, similar to a healthy population. A large proportion of IBD patients had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies even before vaccination, suggesting the occurrence of herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Mathur
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Shikha Sahu
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Sushmita Rai
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
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Kante B, Vuyyuru SK, Gupta R, Dwivedi T, Kumar P, Mundhra S, Golla R, Virmani S, Verma M, Makharia G, Ahuja V, Kedia S. High seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in non-vaccinated patients with inflammatory bowel disease from Northern India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:70-78. [PMID: 36738383 PMCID: PMC9898695 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The information on seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its comparison to healthy controls is sparse. We compared the seroprevalence rates in patients with IBD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Patients with IBD and HCs (contact of patients) underwent SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing (chemiluminescent immunoassay: Siemens kit IgG against antigen-S1RBD) between July 2020 and April 2021. Information on demography, disease characteristics, drug history and past history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were noted. Patients on 5-aminosalicylic acid or no treatment were considered not on immunosuppressants and those who had received steroids, thiopurines or methotrexate within six months of inclusion were considered being on immunosuppressants. RESULTS A total of 235 patients (51.9%, males; mean age, 38.7 ± 12.4 years; median disease duration, 60 months [interquartile range, IQR: 36-120]) (ulcerative colitis [UC]: 69.4%, Crohn's disease [CD]: 28.9%, IBD unclassified [IBDU]: 1.7%) and 73 HCs (mean age, 39.6 ± 10.9 years, 80% males) were enrolled. Of the 235 patients, 128 (54.5%) patients were on immunosuppressants and 107 (45.5%) were not on immunosuppressants. Seventy-four (31.5%) patients were seropositive, of which two (0.9%) had previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and none received coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine. Seroprevalence between IBD patients and HCs (32% vs. 27%, p > 0.05) and between patients with and without immunosuppressants (28.1% vs. 36%, p > 0.05) was similar. Age, gender, disease type, duration and activity in the last six months; and medication use were similar between patients with positive and negative serology. There was a progressive increase in seroprevalence from July 2020 to April 2021. CONCLUSION Up to 1/3rd of patients with IBD were seropositive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) SARS-Cov-2 antibody indicating high seroprevalence in patients with IBD from Northern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Kante
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Tanima Dwivedi
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Peeyush Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Sandeep Mundhra
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Rithvik Golla
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Shubi Virmani
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Mahak Verma
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Govind Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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Onifade AA, Fowotade A, Rahamon SK, Edem VF, Yaqub SA, Akande OK, Arinola OG. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in vaccinated and vaccine naïve adult Nigerians. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280276. [PMID: 36689402 PMCID: PMC9870169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports on the evaluation of immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccines are limited. Similarly, effects of age and gender have not been well explored as variables that could impact on the vaccine-induced antibody response. Therefore, seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in vaccinated and vaccine naïve adult Nigerians was determined in this study. METHODOLOGY A total of 141 adults were enrolled into this study. Presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and IgM antibodies were qualitatively detected using a Rapid Diagnostic Test kit. RESULTS Pre-vaccination, 77% of the study participants had never had PCR-confirmed COVID-19 test yet 66.7% of them were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Of 111 COVID-19 vaccinated participants, 69.2% and 73.8% of them had SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG post-first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccine respectively. However, 23.1% and 21.4% of the participants who have had first and second doses respectively had no detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The proportion of participants with SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG was insignificantly higher in those between the ages of 18-40 years and 41-59 years compared with individuals aged ≥60 years. No significant association was observed between gender and seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. CONCLUSION There is high SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among Nigerian adults who never had PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Also, there is the need for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies screening post vaccination as this could be essential in achieving herd immunity. Age and gender do not seem to have significant association with seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeola Fowotade
- Biorepository Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sheu Kadiri Rahamon
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victory Fabian Edem
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olatunji Kadri Akande
- Biorepository Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ethirajan T, Natarajan G, Velayudham R, Jayakumaran P, Karnan I, Rajendran K, Doraisamy S, Chenakeswarar Sridhar S, Kumaran P, Kamaraj K, Kandasamy A, Natarajan M. Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of COVID-19 Patients with Omicron Variant Admitted in a Tertiary Care Center, South India. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:185-191. [PMID: 36691650 PMCID: PMC9863437 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s365207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Omicron, a variant of SARS COV2, is looming large as a cause of global concern. Its high transmissibility can pose challenges in healthcare allocation in a highly populous country like India. Studying the behaviour of the virus among the Indian population will definitely help in planning for the impending omicron surge, so we conducted a preliminary analysis of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the suspected omicron cases in the early part of the surge. Methodology The study was conducted in the Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, from 17th December 2021 to 11th January 2022. A total number of 159 consecutive patients ≥18 years of age with the S gene target failure were enrolled and clinically followed up during hospitalisation. Results Nearly half (n = 79, 49.7%) were aged between 18 and 30 years and the mean (SD) age of the patients was 35.1 (14.9); 52.8% (n = 84) were males and 54.7% (n = 87) were healthcare workers. The NLR ratio and CRP were raised in unvaccinated individuals. Out of 159 patients, only 4 patients required oxygen and all the others showed a mild course of illness and there was no mortality. Conclusion The clinical course of suspected omicron patients was mild in those who were vaccinated. Unvaccinated individuals with comorbid illness need to be closely monitored for prompt referral for acute care. Further studies are needed in the high-risk group with omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karthick Rajendran
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Anuradha Kandasamy
- Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Murugan Natarajan
- Institute of Thoracic Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India,Correspondence: Murugan Natarajan, Institute of Thoracic Medicine, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600003, India, Email
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23
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Krogsgaard LW, Espenhain L, Tribler S, Sværke Jørgensen C, Hansen CH, Møller FT, Glode Helmuth I, Sönksen UW, Vangsted AM, Ullum H, Ethelberg S. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Denmark: Results of Two Nationwide Population-Based Surveys, February and May 2021. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:301-312. [PMID: 36683911 PMCID: PMC9851711 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s383491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seroprevalence studies can be used to measure the progression of national COVID-19 epidemics. The Danish National Seroprevalence Survey of SARS-CoV-2 infections (DSS) was conducted as five separate surveys between May 2020 and May 2021. Here, we present results from the two last surveys conducted in February and May 2021. Methods Persons aged 12 or older were randomly selected from the Danish Population Register and those having received COVID-19 vaccination subsequently excluded. Invitations to have blood drawn in local test centers were sent by mail. Samples were analyzed for whole Immunoglobulin by ELISA. Seroprevalence was estimated by sex, age and geography. Comparisons to vaccination uptake and RT-PCR test results were made. Results In February 2021, we found detectable antibodies in 7.2% (95% CI: 6.3-7.9%) of the invited participants (participation rate 25%) and in May 2021 in 8.6% (95% CI: 7.6-9.5%) of the invited (participation rate: 14%). Seroprevalence did not differ by sex, but by age group, generally being higher among the <50 than 50+ year-olds. In May 2021, levels of seroprevalence varied from an estimated 13% (95% CI: 12-15%) in the capital to 5.2% (95% CI: 3.4-7.4%) in rural areas. Combining seroprevalence results with vaccine coverage, estimates of protection against infection in May 2021 varied from 95% among 65+ year-olds down to 10-20% among 12-40 year-olds. In March-May 2021, an estimated 80% of all community SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed by RT-PCR and captured by surveillance. Conclusion Seroprevalence estimates doubled during the 2020-21 winter wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections and then stabilized as vaccinations were rolled out. The epidemic affected large cities and younger people the most. Denmark saw comparatively low infections rates, but high test coverage; an estimated four out of five infections were detected by RT-PCR in March-May 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Wulff Krogsgaard
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Espenhain
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri Tribler
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Holm Hansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Trier Møller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Glode Helmuth
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ute Wolff Sönksen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark,TestCentre Denmark, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Ullum
- Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Correspondence: Steen Ethelberg, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark, Tel +45 3268 3545, Email
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24
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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Okitale-Talunda P, Mpingabo-Ilunga P, Yambayamba MK, Tshiminyi PM, Umba-Phuati A, Kimfuta J, Phukuta FA, Makindu G, Mufwaya-Nsene R, Asari R, Makimoto S, Baketana LK, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Isono M, Nsio-Mbeta J, Makiala-Mandanda S, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ. High Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Prevalence After the Third Epidemic Wave (May-October 2021) in Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad023. [PMID: 36726537 PMCID: PMC9887263 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background By the end of the third wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic (May-October 2021), only 3130 of the 57 268 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were reported in Kongo Central. This province, and especially its capital city, Matadi, has essential trade and exchanges with Kinshasa, the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in DRC. Kinshasa accounted for 60.0% of all cases during the same period. The true burden of COVID-19 in Matadi is likely underestimated. In this study, we aimed to determine the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence and associated risk factors after the third wave in Matadi. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in October 2021. Consenting participants were interviewed and tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay commercial kit. We applied univariable and multivariable analysis to evaluate factors associated with seropositivity and adjusted the seroprevalence for the test kit performance. Results We included 2210 participants from 489 households. Female participants represented 59.1%. The median age was 27 years (interquartile range, 16-45 years). The crude SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 82.3%. Age was identified as the main risk factor as younger age decreased the seropositivity odds. Accounting for clustering at the household level increased the seroprevalence to 83.2%. The seroprevalence increased further to 88.1% (95% confidence interval, 86.2%-90.1%) after correcting for the laboratory test kit performance. Conclusions The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was very high, contrasting with reported cases. Evidence generated from this population-based survey remains relevant in guiding the local COVID-19 response, especially vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Munyeku-Bazitama
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patient Okitale-Talunda
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patrick Mpingabo-Ilunga
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marc K Yambayamba
- Département d’Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paul M Tshiminyi
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aimé Umba-Phuati
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jacques Kimfuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ferdinand A Phukuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Goethe Makindu
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Ryoko Asari
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lionel K Baketana
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mitsuo Isono
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Justus Nsio-Mbeta
- Direction de Surveillance Epidémiologique, Ministère de la Santé, Hygiène et Prévention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sheila Makiala-Mandanda
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Surekha MV, Suneetha N, Balakrishna N, Putcha UK, Satyanarayana K, Geddam JJB, Sreenu P, Tulja B, Mamidi RS, Rutter GA, Meur G. Impact of COVID-19 during pregnancy on placental pathology, maternal and neonatal outcome - A cross-sectional study on anemic term pregnant women from a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1092104. [PMID: 37025411 PMCID: PMC10070875 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1092104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy may cause adverse maternal, neonatal and placental outcomes. While tissue hypoxia is often reported in COVID-19 patients, pregnant women with anemia are suspected to be more prone to placental hypoxia-related injuries. METHODS This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between August-November 2021, during COVID-19 second wave in India. Term pregnant women (N=212) admitted to hospital for delivery were enrolled consecutively. Since hospital admission mandated negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 virus, none had active infection. Data on socio-demography, COVID-19 history, maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Pre-delivery maternal and post-delivery cord blood samples were tested for hematological parameters and SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Placentae were studied for histology. RESULTS Of 212 women, 122 (58%) were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, but none reported COVID-19 history; 134 (63.2%) were anemic. In seropositive women, hemoglobin (p=0.04), total WBC (p=0.009), lymphocytes (p=0.005) and neutrophils (p=0.02) were significantly higher, while ferritin was high, but not significant and neutrophils to lymphocytes (p=0.12) and platelets to lymphocytes ratios (p=0.03) were lower. Neonatal outcomes were similar. All RBC parameters and serum ferritin were significantly lower in anemic mothers but not in cord blood, except RDW that was significantly higher in both, maternal (p=0.007) and cord (p=0.008) blood from seropositive anemic group compared to other groups. Placental histology showed significant increase in villous hypervascularity (p=0.000), dilated villous capillaries (p=0.000), and syncytiotrophoblasts (p=0.02) in seropositive group, typically suggesting placental hypoxia. Maternal anemia was not associated with any histological parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of placental histopathological adverse outcomes showed strong association with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity but not with maternal anemia. When adjusted for several covariates, including anemia, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity emerged as independent risk factor for severe chorangiosis (AOR 8.74, 95% CI 3.51-21.76, p<0.000), dilated blood vessels (AOR 12.74, 95% CI 5.46-29.75, p<0.000), syncytiotrophoblasts (AOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.36-5.99, p=0.005) and villus agglutination (AOR 9.27, 95% CI 3.68-23.32, p<0.000). CONCLUSION Asymptomatic COVID-19 during pregnancy seemed to be associated with various abnormal placental histopathologic changes related to placental hypoxia independent of maternal anemia status. Our data supports an independent role of SARS-CoV-2 in causing placental hypoxia in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Surekha
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: M.V. Surekha, ; ; Gargi Meur,
| | - N. Suneetha
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Government Area Hospital, Nampally, Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Balakrishna
- Department of Statistics, Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India
| | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - K. Satyanarayana
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - J. J. Babu Geddam
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pagidoju Sreenu
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - B. Tulja
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raja Sriswan Mamidi
- Clinical Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Centre of Research of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gargi Meur
- Cell Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: M.V. Surekha, ; ; Gargi Meur,
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Singh AK, Mohapatra PR, Gupta K, Patro BK, Sahu DP, Kar P, Purushotham P, Saha S, Das S, Mamidi P, Panda S, Mandal MC, Bhuniya S. Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Omicron and Non-omicron SARS Coronavirus-2 Patients. Cureus 2022; 14:e32354. [PMID: 36628021 PMCID: PMC9826697 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rapidly mutating Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant has replaced the previous dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants like alpha, and delta resulting in the amplification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. The present study was conducted to compare the clinical profile and vaccination status in patients infected with Omicron and non-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods All patients who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the study period (January 2022 to February 2022) were further tested for detection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by using Omisure kit (TATA MD CHECK RT-PCR, TATA MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTICS LIMITED, Tamil Nadu, INDIA). Clinico-demographic factors and vaccination status were compared between both Omicron and non-Omicron groups. Results A total of 1,722 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were included in the study, of which 656 (38.1%) were Omicron and 1,066 (61.9%) were non-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. Blood group and vaccination status were the major predictors for Omicron. The proportion of male patients was 58.4% in the Omicron group and 57.9% in the non-Omicron group. Maximum cases (86.2%) belonged to >18-60 years age group, 7.3% to >60 years age group, and least to 0-18 years (6.5%). The average age of the study participants was 35.4 ± 14.5 years. Vaccinated participants had less chance of having Omicron than the unvaccinated participants (p-value - 0.003). Fever and loss of smell were found to be significantly associated with the non-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion The present study reflects that the clinical course of the disease is milder in Omicron as compared to the non-Omicron variant. However rapid rise in cases can badly affect the healthcare system demanding good preparedness to tackle all the predicaments. Good Vaccination coverage should be of utmost priority irrespective of the variant type.
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Sachs JD, Karim SSA, Aknin L, Allen J, Brosbøl K, Colombo F, Barron GC, Espinosa MF, Gaspar V, Gaviria A, Haines A, Hotez PJ, Koundouri P, Bascuñán FL, Lee JK, Pate MA, Ramos G, Reddy KS, Serageldin I, Thwaites J, Vike-Freiberga V, Wang C, Were MK, Xue L, Bahadur C, Bottazzi ME, Bullen C, Laryea-Adjei G, Ben Amor Y, Karadag O, Lafortune G, Torres E, Barredo L, Bartels JGE, Joshi N, Hellard M, Huynh UK, Khandelwal S, Lazarus JV, Michie S. The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 2022; 400:1224-1280. [PMID: 36115368 PMCID: PMC9539542 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Sachs
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lara Aknin
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Allen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Francesca Colombo
- Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Vitor Gaspar
- Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Andy Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter J Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Phoebe Koundouri
- Department of International and European Economic Studies, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece; Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Athens, Greece
| | - Felipe Larraín Bascuñán
- Department of Economics and Administration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- National Academy of Medicine of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ali Pate
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - John Thwaites
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lan Xue
- Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chandrika Bahadur
- The Lancet COVID-19 Commission Regional Task Force: India, New Delhi, India
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chris Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Yanis Ben Amor
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ozge Karadag
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Emma Torres
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Barredo
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Juliana G E Bartels
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neena Joshi
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
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Zimmermann L, Mukherjee B. Meta-analysis of nationwide SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rates in India. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000897. [PMID: 36962545 PMCID: PMC10021252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been much discussion and debate around underreporting of deaths in India in media articles and in the scientific literature. In this brief report, we aim to meta-analyze the available/inferred estimates of infection fatality rates for SARS-CoV-2 in India based on the existent literature. These estimates account for uncaptured deaths and infections. We consider empirical excess death estimates based on all-cause mortality data as well as disease transmission-based estimates that rely on assumptions regarding infection transmission and ascertainment rates in India. Through an initial systematic review (Zimmermann et al., 2021) that followed PRISMA guidelines and comprised a search of databases PubMed, Embase, Global Index Medicus, as well as BioRxiv, MedRxiv, and SSRN for preprints (accessed through iSearch) on July 3, 2021, we further extended the search verification through May 26, 2022. The screening process yielded 15 studies qualitatively analyzed, of which 9 studies with 11 quantitative estimates were included in the meta-analysis. Using a random effects meta-analysis framework, we obtain a pooled estimate of nationwide infection fatality rate (defined as the ratio of estimated deaths over estimated infections) and a corresponding confidence interval. Death underreporting from excess deaths studies varies by a factor of 6.1-13.0 with nationwide cumulative excess deaths ranging from 2.6-6.3 million, whereas the underreporting from disease transmission-based studies varies by a factor of 3.5-7.3 with SARS-CoV-2 related nationwide estimated total deaths ranging from 1.4-3.4 million, through June 2021 with some estimates extending to 31 December 2021. Underreporting of infections was found previously (Zimmermann et al., 2021) to be 24.9 (relying on the latest 4th nationwide serosurvey from 14 June-6 July 2021 prior to launch of the vaccination program). Conservatively, by considering the lower values of these available estimates, we infer that approximately 95% of infections and 71% of deaths were not accounted for in the reported figures in India. Nationwide pooled infection fatality rate estimate for India is 0.51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45%- 0.58%). We often tend to compare countries across the world in terms of total reported cases and deaths. Although the US has the highest number of reported cumulative deaths globally, after accounting for underreporting, India appears to have the highest number of cumulative total deaths (reported + unreported). However, the large number of estimated infections in India leads to a lower infection fatality rate estimate than the US, which in part is due to the younger population in India. We emphasize that the age-structure of different countries must be taken into consideration while making such comparisons. More granular data are needed to examine heterogeneities across various demographic groups to identify at-risk and underserved populations with high COVID mortality; the hope is that such disaggregated mortality data will soon be made available for India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Zimmermann
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Kshatri JS, Bhattacharya D, Giri S, Palo SK, Kanungo S, Mansingh A, Parai D, Dany SS, Bisoyee A, Choudhary HR, Sinha A, Sahoo RK, Bhoi T, Mohanta AR, Ota AB, Mohanty B, Sahoo UK, Pati S. Serological survey for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among tribal communities of Odisha post-second wave. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:284-290. [PMID: 36629188 PMCID: PMC10057376 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3428_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Serial national level serosurveys in India have provided valuable information regarding the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in the general population, but the impact of the ongoing pandemic on the tribal population in India is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in the tribal population of Odisha post-second wave (September 2021). Methods A population-based, age-stratified, cross-sectional study design was adopted for the survey, carried out in seven tribal districts of Odisha from 30th August to 16th September 2021. A multistage random sampling method was used where serum samples were tested for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein in each district, and a weighted seroprevalence with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) was estimated for each district. Results A total of 2855 study participants were included from the seven tribal districts of Odisha in the final analysis. The overall weighted seroprevalence was 72.8 per cent (95% CI: 70.1-75.3). Serological prevalence was the highest among 18-44 yr (74.4%, 95% CI: 71.3-77.3) and from Sambalpur district [75.90% (66.90-83.10)]. Among participants, 41.93 per cent had received at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine. Kandhamal district had the highest number of fully immunized participants (24.78%), and in Sundergarh district, most of the study participants (58.1%) were unimmunized. Interpretation & conclusions This study found high seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in the tribal population of Odisha. The vaccination coverage is at par with the general population, and efforts to address some knowledge gaps may be needed to improve the coverage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subha Soumya Dany
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anjan Bisoyee
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trilochan Bhoi
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amiya Ranjan Mohanta
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Akhila Bihari Ota
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bigyanananda Mohanty
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Sahoo
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Sharma P, Basu S, Mishra S, Gupta E, Agarwal R, Kale P, Mundeja N, Charan BS, Singh G, Singh M. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Delhi, India, During September-October 2021: A Population-Based Seroepidemiological Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e27428. [PMID: 36051724 PMCID: PMC9420192 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A previous community-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurvey in Delhi in January 2021 reported a seroprevalence of 50.52%. We conducted a repeat serosurvey to obtain a recent estimate of the seroprevalence of IgG SARS-CoV-2 in the general population of Delhi, India. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 24 to October 14, 2021, in 274 wards of Delhi among 27,811 participants through a multistage sampling technique. Results The crude seroprevalence was 89.5% (95% CI 89.1, 89.8), weight for age and sex was 88% (95% CI 87.6, 88.4), and after adjustment for assay performance was estimated as 97.5% (95% CI 97.0, 98.0). On adjusted analysis, the odds of seroconversion in the participants vaccinated with at least one dose of either COVID-19 vaccine (Covishield/Covaxin) was more than four times compared to the unvaccinated ones (aOR 4.2 (3.8, 4.6)). 86.8% of the seropositive individuals had a SARS-CoV-2 signal/cut-off ≥4.0 although it was significantly lower in the pediatric age group. Post-second wave (August to October 2021), on average there were daily 39 new COVID-19 cases and 0.44 deaths which during Omicron driven the third wave in January to March 2022 increased to daily 4,267 cases and 11.6 deaths. Conclusion A high prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with likely higher antibody titres in the vaccinated compared to the unvaccinated groups with evidence of hybrid immunity in a majority of the population was protective against severe disease during transmission of subsequent omicron variants.
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Cenko F, Ylli A, Prifti M, Shyti E, Lazri E, Perry MJ, Sulcebe G. Estimating the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: Understanding population-level immunity in Albania at the end of the Alpha variant wave. J Glob Health 2022; 12:03054. [PMID: 35871412 PMCID: PMC9309000 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cenko
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
| | - Alban Ylli
- Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Margarita Prifti
- Research Unit of Immunology, Academy of Sciences of Albania, Tirana, Albania
| | - Erkena Shyti
- Research Unit of Immunology, Academy of Sciences of Albania, Tirana, Albania
| | - Erina Lazri
- University of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technical Sciences, Tirana, Albania
| | - Melissa J Perry
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Genc Sulcebe
- Research Unit of Immunology, Academy of Sciences of Albania, Tirana, Albania
- University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
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Sharma P, Basu S, Mishra S, Singh MM. Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in Delhi, India, from January to October 2021: a repeated cross-sectional analysis. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:184-190. [PMID: 35820667 PMCID: PMC9263332 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess changes in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprevalence among children and adolescents in Delhi, India from January 2021 to October 2021Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of participants aged 5 to 17 years from 2 SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys conducted in Delhi, India during January 2021 and September to October 2021. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected by using the VITROS assay (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity).Results: The seroprevalence among 5- to 17-year-old school-age children and adolescents increased from 52.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.3%−54.3%) in January 2021 to 81.8% (95% CI, 80.9%−82.6%) in September to October 2021. The assay-adjusted seroprevalence was 90.8% (95% CI, 89.8%−91.7%). Seropositivity positively correlated with participants’ age (p<0.001), but not sex (p=0.388). A signal to cut-off ratio ≥4.00, correlating with the presence of neutralization antibodies, was observed in 4,814 (57.9%) participants.Conclusion: The high percentage of seroconversion among children and adolescents indicates the presence of natural infection-induced immunity from past exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the lack of hybrid immunity and the concomitant likelihood of lower levels of neutralization antibodies than in adults due to the absence of vaccination warrants careful monitoring and surveillance of infection risk and disease severity from newer and emergent variants.
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Arnaldo P, Mabunda N, Young PW, Tran T, Sitoe N, Chelene I, Nhanombe A, Isamael N, Júnior A, Cubula B, Inlamea OF, Gudo E, Jani IV. Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies in the Mozambican Population: A Cross-Sectional Serologic Study in 3 Cities, July-August 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S285-S293. [PMID: 35748663 PMCID: PMC9278262 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of population exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was uncertain in many African countries during the onset of the pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study and randomly selected and surveyed general population and occupational groups from 6 July to 24 August 2020, in 3 cities in Mozambique. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured using a point-of-care rapid test. The prevalence was weighted for population (by age, sex, and city) and adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS A total of 21 183 participants, including 11 143 from the general population and 10 040 from occupational groups, were included across all 3 cities. General population seropositivity (IgM or IgG) prevalence was 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0%-6.6%) in Pemba, 2.1% (95% CI, 1.2%-3.3%) in Maputo City, and 0.9% (95% CI, .1%-1.9%) in Quelimane. The prevalence in occupational groups ranged from 2.8% (95% CI, 1.3%-5.2%) to 5.9% (95% CI, 4.3%-8.0%) in Pemba, 0.3% (95% CI, .0%-2.2%) to 4.0% (95% CI, 2.6%-5.7%) in Maputo City, and 0.0% (95% CI, .0%-.7%) to 6.6% (95% CI, 3.8%-10.5%) in Quelimane, and showed variations between the groups tested. CONCLUSIONS In the first representative COVID-19 serosurveys in Mozambique, in mid-2020, weighted and assay-adjusted seroprevalence in 3 provincial capitals of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 0.9% to 3.0%, whereas adjusted prevalence in occupational groups ranged from 0.0% to 6.6% with variation between groups. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was extensive during the first pandemic wave, and transmission may have been more intense among occupational groups. These data have been of utmost importance to inform public health intervention to control and respond to the pandemic in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Arnaldo
- Corresponding author contact information Paulo Arnaldo INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SAÚDE (INS) EN1, Bairro da Vila - Parcela n°3943 Distrito de Marracuene Província de Maputo-Moçambique E-mail:
| | - Nédio Mabunda
- Departamento de Regulação e Promoção da Investigação em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Peter Wesley Young
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tiffany Tran
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nádia Sitoe
- Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Imelda Chelene
- Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Nália Isamael
- Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - António Júnior
- Departamento de Gestão e Coordenação da Investigação em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Basílio Cubula
- Departamento de Métodos, Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Maputo, Mozambique
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Aguilera X, González C, Apablaza M, Rubilar P, Icaza G, Ramírez-Santana M, Pérez C, Cortes LJ, Núñez-Franz L, Quezada-Gaete R, Castillo-Laborde C, Correa J, Said M, Hormazábal J, Vial C, Vial P. Immunization and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in a Country with High Vaccination Coverage: Lessons from Chile. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071002. [PMID: 35891166 PMCID: PMC9322351 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chile is among the most successful nations worldwide in terms of its COVID-19 vaccine rollout. By 31 December 2021, 84.1% of the population was fully vaccinated, and 56.1% received booster doses using different COVID-19 vaccines. In this context, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following the infection and vaccination campaign. Using a three-stage stratified sampling, we performed a population-based cross-sectional serosurvey based on a representative sample of three Chilean cities. Selected participants were blood-sampled on-site and answered a short COVID-19 and vaccination history questionnaire using Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA to determine seroprevalence. We recruited 2198 individuals aged 7–93 between 5 October and 25 November 2021; 2132 individuals received COVID-19 vaccinations (97%), 67 (3.1%) received one dose, 2065 (93.9%) received two doses, and 936 received the booster jab (42.6%). Antibody seroprevalence reached 97.3%, ranging from 40.9% among those not vaccinated to 99.8% in those with booster doses (OR = 674.6, 154.8–2938.5). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were associated with vaccination, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, age group, and city of residence. In contrast, we found no significant differences in the type of vaccine used, education, nationality, or type of health insurance. We found a seroprevalence close to 100%, primarily due to the successful vaccination program, which strongly emphasizes universal access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Aguilera
- Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (C.G.); (P.R.); (C.C.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia González
- Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (C.G.); (P.R.); (C.C.-L.)
| | - Mauricio Apablaza
- Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
| | - Paola Rubilar
- Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (C.G.); (P.R.); (C.C.-L.)
| | - Gloria Icaza
- Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Muriel Ramírez-Santana
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; (M.R.-S.); (R.Q.-G.)
| | - Claudia Pérez
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
| | - Lina Jimena Cortes
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (L.J.C.); (J.H.); (C.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Loreto Núñez-Franz
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Uno Poniente #1141, Talca 3460000, Chile; (L.N.-F.); (M.S.)
| | - Rubén Quezada-Gaete
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; (M.R.-S.); (R.Q.-G.)
| | - Carla Castillo-Laborde
- Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (C.G.); (P.R.); (C.C.-L.)
| | - Juan Correa
- Centro Producción del Espacio, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile;
| | - Macarena Said
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Uno Poniente #1141, Talca 3460000, Chile; (L.N.-F.); (M.S.)
| | - Juan Hormazábal
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (L.J.C.); (J.H.); (C.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (L.J.C.); (J.H.); (C.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Pablo Vial
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (L.J.C.); (J.H.); (C.V.); (P.V.)
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Jaya AM, Harries AD, Rahman A, Khogali M, Chinnakali P, Gopalakrishnan LG, Pillai MN. Epidemiology and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kerala, India, 2020-2021: A Cross-Sectional Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7060105. [PMID: 35736983 PMCID: PMC9230740 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kerala, a southern state in India, experienced a slightly different COVID-19 pandemic than the rest of India. Using data from daily COVID-19 bulletins and two other Kerala health information systems, this study reported on epidemiological characteristics and response measures of the COVID-19 pandemic between January 2020 and December 2021. After the first six months, Kerala experienced three distinct phases, with COVID-19 cases peaking in October 2020, May 2021, and August 2021. This contrasts with India, which experienced two main peaks in September 2020 and May 2021. The demographic profile of cases aligned with the national profile except for a slight increase of COVID-19 in persons aged ≥60 years. Monthly COVID-19 deaths increased dramatically from May 2021 onwards in line with case numbers but also reflecting changes in definitions of COVID-19 deaths. Case fatality for the two years was significantly higher in males than females, increased with increasing age groups, and varied between districts (p < 0.001). Trends in bed occupancy in field hospitals, hospitals for severe disease, intensive care units, and mechanical ventilation mirrored the different phases of the pandemic. The monitoring system in Kerala allowed certain aspects of the pandemic to be mapped, but it would benefit from further strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajan Maheswaran Jaya
- Directorate of Health Services, Thiruvananthapuram 695101, India; (L.G.G.); (M.N.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-949-6337-143
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- Centre for Operational Research, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), 75001 Paris, France;
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E7HT, UK
| | - Anisur Rahman
- World Health Organization (WHO), Country Office, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Mohammed Khogali
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Palanivel Chinnakali
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India;
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Impact of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield™) Vaccination: How Long Will It Persist? Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:4729844. [PMID: 35685779 PMCID: PMC9173867 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4729844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in COVID-19 immunization coverage has been linked to a decrease in the average case fatality rate. As a result, further research is needed to determine the persistence and duration of vaccine-induced protective antibodies in order to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccinations. The present study aimed to determine the COVID-19 IgG antibodies among healthcare workers (HCWs) before and after the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield™) vaccination. A total of 150 HCWs who had received the Covishield™ vaccine were assessed after obtaining written informed consent. Blood samples were drawn at three time points, namely, within one week prior to first dose of vaccination, prior to second dose of vaccination (28–33 days after the first dose of vaccination), and 90–95 days after the second dose of vaccination for detecting neutralizing antibodies, i.e., IgG antibodies by ELISA. The overall baseline seropositivity among the HCWs was found to be 28% (n = 42), assessed by the sample collected prior to first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. The seroconversion rate was reported to be 80% (n = 120) one month after the first dosage and increased to 92.7% (n = 139) three months later. Additionally, there was a significant gradual increase in the IgG concentrations postvaccination in majority of the study participants. In those HCWs who had prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, significantly higher antibody level was observed compared to antibody-naive individuals. Fever, pain or swelling at the site of injection, and headache were the most frequently reported adverse events following vaccination among the study participants. Regardless of prior SARS-CoV-2 positivity, two doses of the CovishieldTM vaccine elicited a protective neutralizing antibody response that lasted for three months after the second dose of vaccination.
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Raqib R, Sarker P, Akhtar E, Nurul Huda TM, Haq MA, Roy AK, Hosen MB, Haque F, Chowdhury MR, Reidpath DD, Emdadul Hoque DM, Islam Z, Ahmed S, Ahmed T, Tofail F, Razzaque A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated factors among Bangladeshi slum and non-slum dwellers in pre-COVID-19 vaccination era: October 2020 to February 2021. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268093. [PMID: 35604947 PMCID: PMC9126397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seroprevalence studies have been carried out in many developed and developing countries to evaluate ongoing and past infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data on this infection in marginalized populations in urban slums are limited, which may offer crucial information to update prevention and mitigation policies and strategies. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and factors associated with seropositivity in slum and non-slum communities in two large cities in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among the target population in Dhaka and Chattogram cities between October 2020 and February 2021. Questionnaire-based data, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and blood were obtained. SARS-CoV-2 serology was assessed by Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Results Among the 3220 participants (2444 adults, ≥18 years; 776 children, 10–17 years), the overall weighted seroprevalence was 67.3% (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 65.2, 69.3) with 71.0% in slum (95% CI = 68.7, 72.2) and 62.2% in non-slum (95% CI = 58.5, 65.8). The weighted seroprevalence was 72.9% in Dhaka and 54.2% in Chattogram. Seroprevalence was positively associated with limited years of formal education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.43, 1.82), lower income (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.46), overweight (aOR = 1.2835; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.97), diabetes (aOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.21, 2.32) and heart disease (aOR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.86). Contrarily, negative associations were found between seropositivity and regular wearing of masks and washing hands, and prior BCG vaccination. About 63% of the population had asymptomatic infection; only 33% slum and 49% non-slum population showed symptomatic infection. Conclusion The estimated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was more prominent in impoverished informal settlements than in the adjacent middle-income non-slum areas. Additional factors associated with seropositivity included limited education, low income, overweight and pre-existing chronic conditions. Behavioral factors such as regular wearing of masks and washing hands were associated with lower probability of seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Protim Sarker
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Evana Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Farjana Haque
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Daniel D. Reidpath
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Shehlina Ahmed
- Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Agarwala P, Bhargava A, Gahwai DK, Negi SS, Shukla P, Dayama S. Epidemiological Characteristics of the COVID-19 Pandemic During the First and Second Waves in Chhattisgarh, Central India: A Comparative Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e24131. [PMID: 35573570 PMCID: PMC9106595 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a scarcity of reports of comparative analysis between the first and second waves of the pandemic from any part of India. This article aims to comprehensively investigate the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the course of the pandemic in the state of Chhattisgarh, central India. Methodology A comparative epidemiological analysis of the first and second waves of COVID-19 across Chhattisgarh was conducted on the vital parameters of total tests performed, cases diagnosed, age and gender distribution, case fatality ratio (CFR), and mitigation strategy reported by the state and central government health agencies using the data from Indian Council of Medical Research and National Informatics Centre portals. Results The second wave was shorter than the first wave but the absolute number of cases increased by 2.4 times and deaths by 2.7 times. There was a significant increase in cases per million, deaths per million, and test positivity rate. The hospitalization rate and test per case ratio dropped in the second wave from 33 to 20 and from 12.6 to 7.2, respectively. Both infection and deaths were higher among males in both the waves (p < 0.001). CFR increased from 1.2% in the first wave to 1.4% in the second wave (p < 0.001; odds ratio = 1.14 (1.1-1.19)). Increased mortality was seen in all ages except the young (≤20 years) and the old (>60 years). Conclusions The significantly high number of cases and deaths during the second wave provides evidence to undertake preparedness measures for mitigating any future waves. Regular surveillance, monitoring, and analysis of epidemiological data are pertinent for continued situational awareness.
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Gupta N, Rana S, Panda S, Bhargava B. Use of COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate, Epidemiological, and Clinical Tools for Guiding Targeted Public Health Interventions. Front Public Health 2022; 10:821611. [PMID: 35372250 PMCID: PMC8965807 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.821611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
India experienced a second wave of COVID-19 infection with an unprecedented upsurge in the number of cases. We have analyzed the effect of different restrictive measures implemented in six Indian states. Further, based on available national and international data on disease transmission and clinical presentation, we have proposed a decision-making matrix for planning adequate resources to combat the future waves of COVID-19. We conclude that pragmatic and well calibrated localized restrictions, tailored as per specific needs may achieve a decline in disease transmission comparable to drastic steps like national lockdowns. Additionally, we have underscored the critical need for countries to generate local epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data alongwith community perception and uptake of various non-pharmaceutical interventions, for effective planning and policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salaj Rana
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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High failure rate of ChAdOx1-nCoV19 immunization against asymptomatic infection in healthcare workers during a Delta variant surge. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1726. [PMID: 35365648 PMCID: PMC8975928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization is expected to confer protection against infection and severe disease for vaccines while reducing risks to unimmunized populations by inhibiting transmission. Here, based on serial serological studies of an observational cohort of healthcare workers, we show that during a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -Coronavirus 2 Delta-variant outbreak in Delhi, 25.3% (95% Confidence Interval 16.9-35.2) of previously uninfected, ChAdOx1-nCoV19 double vaccinated, healthcare workers were infected within less than two months, based on serology. Induction of anti-spike response was similar between groups with breakthrough infection (541 U/ml, Inter Quartile Range 374) and without (342 U/ml, Inter Quartile Range 497), as was the induction of neutralization activity to wildtype. This was not vaccine failure since vaccine effectiveness estimate based on infection rates in an unvaccinated cohort were about 70% and most infections were asymptomatic. We find that while ChAdOx1-nCoV19 vaccination remains effective in preventing severe infections, it is unlikely to be completely able to block transmission and provide herd immunity. The authors study a cohort of healthcare workers in India who received two doses of the ChAdOx-1-nCoV19 vaccine during the Delta wave. Using serological data, they infer that 25% of the cohort were infected within 60 days of vaccination, although there were no severe infections leading to hospitalisations.
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Chopra M, Jain A, Chhabra S, Kaundal S, Singh C, Jandial A, Prakash G, Khadwal A, Das C, Singh MP, Das R, Malhotra P, Lad DP. Short Research Communication Anti-Spike Antibody Response to COVISHIELD™ (SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine in Patients with B-Cell and Plasma Cell Malignancies and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2022; 38:745-749. [PMID: 35261492 PMCID: PMC8891427 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-022-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is limited data on the serologic antibody responses after the ChAdOx1 vaccine in patients with hematological malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. There is no data on the safety and efficacy of the Indian COVISHIELD™ vaccine in this population. Methods This study reports the anti-S antibody response to the COVISHIELD™ vaccine in a prospective cohort of patients with B-cell and plasma cell malignancies and HCT recipients at a single center. The quantitative antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain in human plasma were determined by the validated Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S kit. Results A total of 118 patients were included over the study period from April 2021 to August 2021. The seropositivity rate at baseline and after the first and second dose of the vaccine was 39%, 66%, and 79%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The seronegative cohort had a higher median age (65 vs. 60 years, p = 0.03), were more likely to be males (81% vs. 42%, p = 0.009), had a diagnosis of B-CLPD (100% vs. 42%, p < 0.001) and were more likely to be on ibrutinib therapy (56% vs. 15%, p = 0.001). Conclusions This study confirms the safety and efficacy of the COVISHIELD™ vaccine in patients with hematological malignancies.
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Jahan N, Brahma A, Kumar MS, Bagepally BS, Ponnaiah M, Bhatnagar T, Murhekar MV. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in India, March 2020 to August 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 116:59-67. [PMID: 34968773 PMCID: PMC8712428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION India experienced 2 waves of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and reported the second highest caseload globally. Seroepidemiologic studies were done to track the course of the pandemic. We systematically reviewed and synthesized the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian population. METHODS We included studies reporting seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from March 1, 2020 to August 11, 2021 and excluded studies done only among patients with COVID-19 and vaccinated individuals. We searched published databases, preprint servers, and government documents using a combination of keywords and medical subheading (MeSH) terms of "Seroprevalence AND SARS-CoV-2 AND India". We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS), the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool, and WHO's statement on the Reporting of Seroepidemiological Studies for SARS-CoV-2 (ROSES-S). We calculated pooled seroprevalence along with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) during the first (March 2020 to February 2021) and second wave (March to August 2021). We also estimated seroprevalence by selected demographic characteristics. RESULTS We identified 3821 studies and included 53 studies with 905379 participants after excluding duplicates, screening of titles and abstracts and full-text screening. Of the 53, 20 studies were of good quality. Some of the reviewed studies did not report adequate information on study methods (sampling = 24% (13/53); laboratory = 83% [44/53]). Studies of 'poor' quality had more than one of the following issues: unjustified sample size, nonrepresentative sample, nonclassification of nonrespondents, results unadjusted for demographics and methods insufficiently explained to enable replication. Overall pooled seroprevalence was 20.7% in the first (95% CI = 16.1 to 25.3) and 69.2% (95% CI = 64.5 to 73.8) in the second wave. Seroprevalence did not differ by age in first wave, whereas in the second, it increased with age. Seroprevalence was slightly higher among women in the second wave. In both the waves, the estimate was higher in urban than in rural areas. CONCLUSION Seroprevalence increased by 3-fold between the 2 waves of the pandemic in India. Our review highlights the need for designing and reporting studies using standard protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzrath Jahan
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Adarsha Brahma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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McIntyre PB, Aggarwal R, Jani I, Jawad J, Kochhar S, MacDonald N, Madhi SA, Mohsni E, Mulholland K, Neuzil KM, Nohynek H, Olayinka F, Pitisuttithum P, Pollard AJ, Cravioto A. COVID-19 vaccine strategies must focus on severe disease and global equity. Lancet 2022; 399:406-410. [PMID: 34922639 PMCID: PMC8676417 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B McIntyre
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ilesh Jani
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | | | - Sonali Kochhar
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noni MacDonald
- Dalhousie Medical School, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Kim Mulholland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Folake Olayinka
- STAR Fellows Department, Public Health Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and the Vaccine Trial Centre, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok
| | | | - Alejandro Cravioto
- Department of Public Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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44
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Kang G. SARS-CoV2 vaccine boosters for India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:1-2. [PMID: 34991914 PMCID: PMC8721511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Murhekar M, Thangaraj JV. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among patients with cancer in Kerala, India, from December 2020 to June 2021. CANCER RESEARCH, STATISTICS, AND TREATMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_124_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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