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Hazley D, Kearney JM. Consumer perceptions of healthy and sustainable eating. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39233445 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The current food system is unsustainable. It encourages unhealthy food choices, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases, and has a substantial environmental impact, responsible for around a third of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Improving both public and planetary health will require dietary change. To promote this transition, it is crucial to understand how consumers conceptualise healthy and sustainable eating. The aim of this review was to examine how adults from high-income countries interpret healthy and sustainable eating, with a specific focus on Ireland and the UK. As healthy eating and sustainable eating are often conceptualised as distinctive constructs, we explored each of these separately before examining how consumers perceive them together. Most consumers have a reasonable understanding of what constitutes a healthy diet, with many echoing aspects consistent with dietary guidelines. However, consumers perceptions of healthy eating often extend beyond these health-centric recommendations, incorporating concepts such as the pleasure of eating and supporting mental well-being. Sustainable eating, on the other hand, is less well understood. Most consumers overemphasise the importance of eating local, organic food and reducing packaging and underestimate or are unaware of the environmental impact of red meat consumption. These findings provide a clear opportunity to improve public awareness of healthy and sustainable diets. Moreover, they emphasise the need to promote the synergies between healthy and sustainable dietary practices. However, knowledge alone will not be enough to change behaviour. Future interventions should also seek to overcome consumers competing dietary priorities and create system-wide changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hazley
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M Kearney
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chang Z, Biesbroek S, Cai H, Fan S, Ni Y, Wen X, Van 't Veer P, Talsma EF. Heterogeneity in diet-related non-communicable disease risks in a Chinese population. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03481-0. [PMID: 39231872 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sub-optimal food choices contribute to the risk of multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which can be mitigated by improving diet quality. Food consumption patterns may partly account for variation of NCD risks in population subgroups in China. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of diet-related NCDs of observed Chinese diets, and to assess the potential reduction in NCD risks by adhering to certain diet recommendations. METHODS Dose-response meta-analyses were used to derive relative risks between three diet-related NCDs and consumption of 15 food groups. 24-h dietary recall data of 12,809 adults from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were used to estimate the diet-related summed risks (SRs) of NCDs. Twelve Chinese provinces were aggregated into five regions, and stratified by age, gender, overweight status, education, income, and urbanicity. The Chinese Dietary Guideline-2016 (CDG-2016) and the EAT-Lancet diet were used as recommended diets. RESULTS Associations between SRs and gender, age, educational level, income level, and urbanicity were observed. No association was found between SRs and overweight status. Both diet recommendations have lower SRs compared to observed diets among all regions. The food groups that contributed most to the variation of the SRs of diet-related NCDs in China were high consumption of red meat and refined grains, and low consumption of whole grains, fruits, and legumes. CONCLUSION To address the heterogeneity in diet-related NCD risks, focusing on region-specific dietary practical is imperative for Chinese population, in order to propose tailored guidance to adhere to diet recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Chang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, NO.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sander Biesbroek
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hongyi Cai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, NO.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenggen Fan
- Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, NO.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, NO.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, China.
| | - Pieter Van 't Veer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elise F Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Agyemang P, Kwofie EM, Baum JI, Wang D. The design and development of a dashboard for improving sustainable healthy food choices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172726. [PMID: 38692329 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, several digital tools have been designed to provide consumers with nutritional and environmental impact information about their food choices post-consumption. Many of these tools lack behavioral change modules, have low user engagement, and ignore inherent environmental nutrition trade-offs to stimulate dietary change. This study presents the design and development of a decision support system to enhance consumer health while meeting sustainability goals from a pre-consumption perspective. The proposed decision support system, Dashboard for Improving Sustainable Healthy (DISH) food choices, employs behavioral features, traffic light labels, and nudges to inform end-users about the nutritional health performance and environmental impact of meals. DISH uses a simple metric that allows end-users to explore the potential minutes of healthy and productive life gained or lost from consuming 100 kcal of a meal. The metric combines the positive or negative nutritional health effects (μ-DALYs) of consuming a meal and environmental damage (endpoint impact expressed in DALYs) on human health. In the DISH application, end-users are rewarded or deducted EnCoins, which represent the number of silver or gold coins lost or gained based on the cost ($) of environmental damage (midpoint impacts) of a meal compared to reference sustainable healthy and unsustainable and unhealthy meal. DISH's gamification module enables end-users to track the potential minutes of healthy and productive life gained/lost and gold or silver rewards or deductions from consuming 100 kcal of a selected meal through cumulative minutes gained or lost and EnCoins. In promoting a sustainable diet culture, the gamification module enables users to create groups and communities where friends and families can track their sustainability performance through meal decisions. The DISH application is currently available online and can be accessed by an end-user through any device. Further pilot studies will focus on testing the technology in partner campus cafeterias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Agyemang
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue H9X 3V9, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ebenezer M Kwofie
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue H9X 3V9, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Dongyi Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Park SH, Lee DH, Lee DH, Jung CH. Scientific evidence of foods that improve the lifespan and healthspan of different organisms. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:169-178. [PMID: 37469212 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Age is a risk factor for numerous diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has greatly extended the human lifespan, the duration of relatively healthy old age, or 'healthspan', has not increased. Targeting the detrimental processes that can occur before the onset of age-related diseases can greatly improve health and lifespan. Healthspan is significantly affected by what, when and how much one eats. Dietary restriction, including calorie restriction, fasting or fasting-mimicking diets, to extend both lifespan and healthspan has recently attracted much attention. However, direct scientific evidence that consuming specific foods extends the lifespan and healthspan seems lacking. Here, we synthesized the results of recent studies on the lifespan and healthspan extension properties of foods and their phytochemicals in various organisms to confirm how far the scientific research on the effect of food on the lifespan has reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Park
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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Torheim LE, Fadnes LT. Legumes and pulses - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10484. [PMID: 38571918 PMCID: PMC10989235 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of legumes and pulses is associated with various health outcomes. Therefore, when updating the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), summarizing the best available evidence on key health outcomes regarded as relevant for the Nordic and Baltics related to the consumption of legumes was essential. The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate the updated evidence on the effect of the consumption of legumes and pulses on various health outcomes, as well as their dose-response relationship in updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The scoping review is built on a de novo systematic review published in 2023 and additional searches on the consumption of legumes and pulses and its various health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Current available evidence shows that the consumption of legumes and pulses is associated with a lower risk of several cancers (evidence: low-moderate), and lower all-cause mortality (evidence: moderate). The associations with CVDs are neutral or inverse, with studies generally showing favourable changes in biomarkers for CVDs. Legume consumption is associated with a lower risk of obesity (evidence: low). For type 2 diabetes, no association was found with incidence, but trials on consumption of legumes and pulses and biomarkers generally indicated protective effects. Overall, the current evidence supports dietary recommendations to increase the consumption of legumes and pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Skjærstein S, Åsaune KM, Fadnes LT, Diaz E, Bjorvatn B, Strømme E, Mildestvedt T. Dietary guidance from GPs - what do patients report? TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2024; 144:23-0447. [PMID: 38506015 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diet can have a major impact on health. In this study, we surveyed the extent to which the subject of diet was raised by patients in general practice and which patients desired such discussions. Material and method We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of patients ≥ 18 years of age at GP practices in Western Norway in 2022. The questionnaire consisted of nine questions about dietary knowledge, the desire to receive dietary guidance and lose weight, and medication use. Logistic regression was used to identify groups more likely to report a desire to receive guidance on how diet affects health. Results A total of 2105 of the 2531 (83 %) invited patients ≥ 18 years of age completed the questionnaire, and 2075 of these were included in the analysis. One in three had raised the subject of diet with their GP. A total of 96 % reported having the knowledge they needed about diet, 56 % wanted advice or guidance on how diet affects health, 62 % wanted to lose weight and 40 % reported being confused by diet/dietary advice. Younger patients, men, patients with lower levels of education, patients who wanted to lose weight and patients taking medication for chronic conditions more frequently wanted advice/guidance on how diet affects health. Interpretation Over half of the patients in the GP practices wanted advice/guidance on how diet affects health. Knowing who is more likely to want guidance can be useful for prioritising which consultations are appropriate for providing guidance on diet and health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Thore Fadnes
- Institutt for global helse og samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Bergen
| | - Esperanza Diaz
- Institutt for global helse og samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Bergen
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Institutt for global helse og samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Bergen, og, Nasjonal kompetansetjeneste for søvnsykdommer, Haukeland universitetssjukehus
| | - Elisabeth Strømme
- Institutt for global helse og samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Bergen
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Scorza FA, Finsterer J, Beltramim L, Bombardi LM, de Almeida ACG. Telomere Length and Pesticide Residues in Food: A Causal Link? J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:311-312. [PMID: 37924942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio A Scorza
- Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário e Agricultura Familiar São Paulo, Brasil; Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Larissa Beltramim
- Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário e Agricultura Familiar São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Larissa M Bombardi
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas. Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Antonio-Carlos G de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei City, São Paulo, Brasil
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Grega ML, Shalz JT, Rosenfeld RM, Bidwell JH, Bonnet JP, Bowman D, Brown ML, Dwivedi ME, Ezinwa NM, Kelly JH, Mechley AR, Miller LA, Misquitta RK, Parkinson MD, Patel D, Patel PM, Studer KR, Karlsen MC. American College of Lifestyle Medicine Expert Consensus Statement: Lifestyle Medicine for Optimal Outcomes in Primary Care. Am J Lifestyle Med 2024; 18:269-293. [PMID: 38559790 PMCID: PMC10979727 DOI: 10.1177/15598276231202970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify areas of consensus on integrating lifestyle medicine (LM) into primary care to achieve optimal outcomes. METHODS Experts in both LM and primary care followed an a priori protocol for developing consensus statements. Using an iterative, online process, panel members expressed levels of agreement with statements, resulting in classification as consensus, near consensus, or no consensus. RESULTS The panel identified 124 candidate statements addressing: (1) Integration into Primary Care, (2) Delivery Models, (3) Provider Education, (4) Evidence-base for LM, (5) Vital Signs, (6) Treatment, (7) Resource Referral and Reimbursement, (8) Patient, Family, and Community Involvement; Shared Decision-Making, (9) Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity, and (10) Barriers to LM. After three iterations of an online Delphi survey, statement revisions, and removal of duplicative statements, 65 statements met criteria for consensus, 24 for near consensus, and 35 for no consensus. Consensus was reached on key topics that included LM being recognized as an essential component of primary care in patients of all ages, including LM as a foundational element of health professional education. CONCLUSION The practice of LM in primary care can be strengthened by applying these statements to improve quality of care, inform policy, and identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan L. Grega
- St. Luke's University Health Network, Easton, PA, USA; Kellyn Foundation, Tatamy, PA, USA (MLG)
| | - Jennifer T. Shalz
- Lifestyle Medicine Department, St. Luke’s Health System, Boise ID, USA (JTS)
| | - Richard M. Rosenfeld
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, Brooklyn, NY, USA (RMR)
| | - Josie H. Bidwell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, USA (JHB)
| | - Jonathan P. Bonnet
- Palo Alto VA Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine and Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA (JPB)
| | - David Bowman
- Department of Pediatrics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA; Lifestyle Med Revolution, LLC, Upper Marlboro, MD, USA (DB)
| | - Melanie L. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA (MLB)
| | - Mollie E. Dwivedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Washington University Living Well Center, St. Louis, MO, USA (MED)
| | | | - John H. Kelly
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Lifestyle Health Education Inc., Rocky Mount, VA, USA (JHK)
| | - Amy R. Mechley
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA (ARM)
| | - Lawrence A. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA (LAM)
| | - Rajiv K. Misquitta
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, The Permanente Medical Group, Sacramento, CA, USA (RKM)
| | | | - Dipak Patel
- Community Health Center, Inc., Meriden, CT, USA; Connecticut Lifestyle Medicine, CT, USA (DP)Community Health Center, Inc., Middletown, CT, USA (DP)
| | - Padmaja M. Patel
- Lifestyle Medicine Center, Midland Health, Midland, TX, USA (PMP)
| | - Karen R. Studer
- Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA (KRS)
| | - Micaela C. Karlsen
- Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, USA; Departments of Applied Nutrition and Global Public Health, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA (MCK)
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Skeie G, Fadnes LT. Cereals and cereal products - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10457. [PMID: 38571920 PMCID: PMC10989233 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cereals and cereal products have traditionally been staple foods in many countries including in the Nordics and Baltics. Cereals can be consumed with their entire grain kernel and are then referred to as whole grains or can be consumed after removal of the bran or germ and are then referred to as refined grains. The terms cereals and grains are often used interchangeably. In this scoping review, we examine the associations between intake of cereals and cereal products and major health outcomes to contribute to up-to-date food-based dietary guidelines for the Nordic and Baltic countries in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project. Five qualified systematic reviews that covered non-communicable diseases, mortality, and risk factors were identified, and a supplementary literature search was performed in the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases for more recent studies and other endpoints. Compared to other high-income countries, the Nordic populations have a high consumption of whole grain foods. In some of the countries, rye constitutes a substantial fraction of the cereal consumption. However, few studies are available for specific cereals, and most of the research has been performed in predominantly wheat-consuming populations. The evidence suggests clear dose-response associations between a high intake of whole grains and lower risks of cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, type 2 diabetes, and premature mortality. The lowest risks of morbidity and mortality were observed for 3-7 servings of whole grains per day, equivalent of 90-210 g/day (fresh weight or ready-to-eat whole grain products, such as oatmeal or whole grain rye bread). Evidence from randomized trials indicates that a high intake of whole grains is beneficial for reducing weight gain. There is less evidence for refined grains, but the available evidence does not seem to indicate similar beneficial associations as for whole grains. It is suggested that replacing refined grains with whole grains would improve several important health outcomes. Cereals are plant foods that can be grown in most of the Nordic and Baltic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Fadnes LT, Balakrishna R. Nuts and seeds - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10483. [PMID: 38370112 PMCID: PMC10870978 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nuts and seeds have been part of diets in most of the world for millenniums, and they have also been consumed in the Nordic and Baltic countries for centuries. Consumption of nuts and seeds is linked with various health outcomes. Therefore, when updating the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), summarizing the best evidence on key health outcomes from the consumption of nuts and seeds is essential. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the updated evidence on the consumption of nuts and seeds and health outcomes regarded relevant for the Nordic and Baltic countries, as well as their dose-response relationship presented in updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Method The scoping review is built on a de novo systematic review and an umbrella review published in 2022 on the consumption of nuts and seeds and its various health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Results Intake of nuts and seeds is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, with evidence assessed as probable. This conclusion is mirrored by evidence from trials on biomarkers for chronic diseases. An intake of a serving of nuts of 28-30 g/day compared to not eating nuts is estimated to translate into approximately 20% relative reduction in the risks of cardiovascular disease and premature deaths. For cancers, consumption of a serving of nuts is inversely associated with cancer mortality. However, for type 2 diabetes, there are mixed and inconclusive results. Additionally, there are inverse associations between nut consumption and respiratory and infectious disease mortality. Allergies for nuts are seen among 1-2% of the population. Conclusion Overall, the current evidence supports dietary recommendations to increase nut consumption to a serving of nuts and seeds per day for people without allergies to these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rajiv Balakrishna
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Stanton AV. Unacceptable use of substandard metrics in policy decisions which mandate large reductions in animal-source foods. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:10. [PMID: 38316809 PMCID: PMC10844368 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Many recent very influential reports, including those from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Risk Factor Collaborators, the EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, Health, and the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, have recommended dramatic reductions or total exclusion of animal-source foods, particularly ruminant products (red meat and dairy), from the human diet. They strongly suggest that these dietary shifts will not only benefit planetary health but also human health. However, as detailed in this perspective, there are grounds for considerable concern in regard to the quality and transparency of the input data, the validity of the assumptions, and the appropriateness of the statistical modelling, used in the calculation of the global health estimates, which underpin the claimed human health benefits. The lessor bioavailability of protein and key micronutrients from plant-source foods versus animal-source foods was not adequately recognised nor addressed in any of these reports. Furthermore, assessments of bias and certainty were either limited or absent. Despite many of these errors and limitations being publically acknowledged by the GBD and the EAT-Lancet authors, no corrections have been applied to the published papers. As a consequence, these reports continue to erroneously influence food policy decisions and international dietary guidelines, such as the World Wildlife Fund's Livewell Diet, and the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice V Stanton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Hazley D, Stack M, Kearney JM. Perceptions of healthy and sustainable eating: A qualitative study of Irish adults. Appetite 2024; 192:107096. [PMID: 37890530 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hazley
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mairead Stack
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - John M Kearney
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Mourmans R, Fleischeuer B, Dibbets P, Houben K, Nederkoorn C. Choice-induced tasting. Evaluating the effect of choice on children's acceptance of an unfamiliar vegetable. Appetite 2023; 191:107049. [PMID: 37739068 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Children's vegetable intake is in general below recommendations. It is known that self-selection of vegetables out of multiple options can increase intake in children. However, it is not clear if this effect is driven by a pre-existing preference for the selected food, or purely by having a choice. Allowing children to choose could create a positive bias and endorse feelings of autonomy, which could increase acceptance of the food and promote intake. The aim of the present pre-registered study was to investigate the effect of choice in promoting the acceptance of an unfamiliar vegetable during a blind-choice task. Children aged 4-5 years old (n = 161) were randomly assigned to the choice or no-choice condition. Each child was presented with three closed cups, containing a vegetable. The children were unaware that the cups contained the same vegetable, a piece of raw celeriac. In the choice condition, the children were able to choose a cup themselves whereas in the no-choice condition, the experimenter made the decision. We hypothesized that children in the choice condition would show more acceptance of the vegetable compared to children in the no-choice condition and that higher levels of picky eating would lead to less vegetable acceptance. The results demonstrated that choice indeed significantly increased vegetable acceptance (4.7 ± 1.7 versus 4.0 ± 1.9 on a 6-point scale), irrespective of pickiness in eating. In addition, picky children showed less acceptance of the vegetable compared to non-picky children. The results of this study imply that choice is an important factor in promoting unfamiliar vegetable intake in young children. Including children in the decision process may be a practical strategy for educators and caregivers to increase children's vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Mourmans
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Britt Fleischeuer
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Dibbets
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katrijn Houben
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Nederkoorn
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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14
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Aidoo R, Abe-Inge V, Kwofie EM, Baum JI, Kubow S. Sustainable healthy diet modeling for a plant-based dietary transitioning in the United States. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:61. [PMID: 38016966 PMCID: PMC10684880 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential environmental and nutritional benefits of plant-based dietary shifts require thorough investigation to outline suitable routes to achieve these benefits. Whereas dietary consumption is usually in composite forms, sustainable healthy diet assessments have not adequately addressed composite diets. In this study, we build on available data in the Food4HealthyLife calculator to develop 3 dietary concepts (M) containing 24 model composite diet scenarios (S) assessed for their environmental and nutritional performances. The Health Nutritional Index (HENI) and Food Compass scoring systems were used for nutritional quality profiling and estimates of environmental impact were derived from previously reported midpoint impact values for foods listed in the What We Eat in America database. The diets were ranked using the Kruskal‒Wallis nonparametric test, and a dual-scale data chart was employed for a trade-off analysis to identify the optimal composite diet scenario. The results showcased a distinct variation in ranks for each scenario on the environment and nutrition scales, describing an inherent nonlinear relationship between environmental and nutritional performances. However, trade-off analysis revealed a diet with 10% legumes, 0.11% red meat, 0.28% processed meat and 2.81% white meat could reduce global warming by 54.72% while yielding a diet quality of 74.13 on the Food Compass Scoring system. These observations provide an interesting forecast of the benefits of transitioning to an optimal plant- and animal-based dieting pattern, which advances global nutritional needs and environmental stewardship among consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Aidoo
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Vincent Abe-Inge
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ebenezer M Kwofie
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Stan Kubow
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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15
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Fadnes LT, Celis-Morales C, Økland JM, Parra-Soto S, Livingstone KM, Ho FK, Pell JP, Balakrishna R, Javadi Arjmand E, Johansson KA, Haaland ØA, Mathers JC. Life expectancy can increase by up to 10 years following sustained shifts towards healthier diets in the United Kingdom. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:961-965. [PMID: 37985698 PMCID: PMC10661734 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Adherence to healthy dietary patterns can prevent the development of non-communicable diseases and affect life expectancy. Here, using a prospective population-based cohort data from the UK Biobank, we show that sustained dietary change from unhealthy dietary patterns to the Eatwell Guide dietary recommendations is associated with 8.9 and 8.6 years gain in life expectancy for 40-year-old males and females, respectively. In the same population, sustained dietary change from unhealthy to longevity-associated dietary patterns is associated with 10.8 and 10.4 years gain in life expectancy in males and females, respectively. The largest gains are obtained from consuming more whole grains, nuts and fruits and less sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats. Understanding the contribution of sustained dietary changes to life expectancy can provide guidance for the development of health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars T Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Jan-Magnus Økland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frederick K Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rajiv Balakrishna
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elaheh Javadi Arjmand
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Arne Johansson
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein A Haaland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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16
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Riisdal JG. [Eat plant-based – for the planet and health]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2023; 143:23-0420. [PMID: 37874068 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
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17
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Briguglio M, Cordani C, Langella F, Perazzo P, Pregliasco FE, Banfi G, Wainwright TW. Why Treat Patients with a Major Orthopaedic Surgery Only to Send Them Back to the Vulnerable Conditions That Made Them Sick in the First Place? A Conceptual Scenario to Improve Patient's Journey. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4729-4735. [PMID: 37881478 PMCID: PMC10593966 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s431055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with severe cartilage degeneration of the hip or knee or collapsed vertebrae that cause spine deformities can suffer from joint and neuropathic pain in the back, disuse of the affected limb, and restriction of movements. Surgical intervention is the most widespread and successful solution to date. There is a general belief that eating healthy and staying physically and mentally active might have a preventive role against musculoskeletal disease occurrence, while instead, we are more certain of the benefits deriving from a healthy diet and exercise therapy after major orthopaedic procedures. These aspects are in fact vital components in enhanced recovery after surgery programmes. However, they are applied in hospital settings, are often centre-dependent, and lack primary and tertiary preventive efficacy since end once the patient is discharged. There is the lack of initiatives at the territorial level that ensure a continuum in the patient's journey towards orthopaedic surgery, home transition, and a healthy and long-lasting life. The expert panel advocates the integration of an intermediate lifestyle clinic that promotes healthy eating, physical activity, and sleep hygiene. In this facility directed by professionals in enhancing recovery after surgery, patients can be referred after the surgical indication and before home discharge. Surgery is in fact a moment when individuals are more curious to do their best to heal and stay healthy, representing a timepoint and opportunity for educating patients on how lifestyle changes may optimise not only their surgical recovery but also long-term future health state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Briguglio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Sciences, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Cordani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University “La Statale”, Milan, Italy
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Perazzo
- Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ernesto Pregliasco
- Health Management, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas W Wainwright
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
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18
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Pörtner LM, Koppold DA, Kessler CS, Michalsen A, Jeitler M. [The potential of nutrition for pain management and planetary health]. Schmerz 2023; 37:344-349. [PMID: 37278836 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-023-00722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of western diets that are often rich in animal-source foods and low in wholesome, plant-based foods, has grave implications for public health. This is expressed in a growing prevalence of obesity as well as high rates of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and some cancers. At the same time, current global dietary patterns are major contributors to global environmental challenges, i.e. the climate and the biodiversity crisis, and are thereby a major threat to planetary health. Shifting to more plant-based diets, e.g. in line with the "Planetary Health Diet", provides a major opportunity to improve individual and planetary health. Plant-based dietary patterns with an increase in the consumption of anti-inflammatory and a decrease in pro-inflammatory substances can also lead to improvements in pain symptoms, especially in inflammatory or degenerative joint diseases. In addition, dietary shifts are a prerequisite to achieve global environmental targets and thereby ensure a livable and healthy future for everyone. Medical professionals therefore have a special responsibility to actively promote this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Pörtner
- Institut für Public Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Forschungsabteilung Klimaresilienz, Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), Potsdam, Deutschland.
| | - Daniela A Koppold
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Naturheilkunde und Integrative Medizin, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Standort Berlin-Wannsee, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christian S Kessler
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Naturheilkunde und Integrative Medizin, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Standort Berlin-Wannsee, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Naturheilkunde und Integrative Medizin, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Standort Berlin-Wannsee, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Michael Jeitler
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Naturheilkunde und Integrative Medizin, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Standort Berlin-Wannsee, Berlin, Deutschland
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19
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Wang L, Ye C, Zhao F, Wu H, Wang R, Zhang Z, Li J. Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Risk of Fracture in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e43501. [PMID: 37590048 PMCID: PMC10472179 DOI: 10.2196/43501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in tissue injury, osteoporosis, and fracture. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a tool for assessing the potential for inflammation in the diet. However, the association between the DII and fractures remains controversial from previous studies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the correlation between the DII and fracture risk in Chinese adults. METHODS We included 11,999 adults (5519 men and 6480 women) who were a part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2015) prospective cohort. A 3-day, 24-hour meal review method was used to calculate the DII score. The fractures were identified using a questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for fractures. Subgroup, sensitivity, and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed. RESULTS During the 18 years of follow-up (median follow-up 9.0 years), 463 men and 439 women developed fractures. The median DII score was 0.64 (IQR -1.74 to 1.46) for the total sample, 0.75 (IQR -1.68 to 1.50) for men, and 0.53 (IQR -1.79 to 1.42) for women. The DII score had a positive correlation with the risk of fracture among women but not among men. For men, after adjusting for covariates, the HRs for quintiles of DII were 1, 0.96 (95% CI 0.66-1.41), 1.05 (95% CI 0.74-1.49), 0.89 (95% CI 0.62-1.26), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.67-1.34; trend: P=.62). The HRs for women were 1, 1.13 (95% CI 0.72-1.79), 1.24 (95% CI 0.83-1.86), 1.51 (95% CI 1.02-2.22), and 1.62 (95% CI 1.10-2.39; trend: P=.004). The restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant association between fracture risk and DII score in women (overall association: P=.01); as the DII scores were >0.53, HRs showed a significant upward trend. Women aged <50 years or who are nonsmokers, who are nondrinkers, or with nonabdominal obesity had a positive association between fracture risk and the DII score. In sensitivity analyses, after excluding people with diabetes or hypertension, there was still a positive association between fracture risk and the DII score in women. Among the DII components, the DII scores of protein (trend: P=.03), niacin (trend: P=.002), and iron (trend: P=.02) showed significant associations with the risk of fracture in women. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory diet consumption increased the fracture risk in Chinese women aged <50 years. The high consumption of anti-inflammatory foods and low consumption of proinflammatory foods may be an important strategy to prevent fractures in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghong Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing's Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Beijing Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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20
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Rosoff DB, Mavromatis LA, Bell AS, Wagner J, Jung J, Marioni RE, Davey Smith G, Horvath S, Lohoff FW. Multivariate genome-wide analysis of aging-related traits identifies novel loci and new drug targets for healthy aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1020-1035. [PMID: 37550455 PMCID: PMC10432278 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The concept of aging is complex, including many related phenotypes such as healthspan, lifespan, extreme longevity, frailty and epigenetic aging, suggesting shared biological underpinnings; however, aging-related endpoints have been primarily assessed individually. Using data from these traits and multivariate genome-wide association study methods, we modeled their underlying genetic factor ('mvAge'). mvAge (effective n = ~1.9 million participants of European ancestry) identified 52 independent variants in 38 genomic loci. Twenty variants were novel (not reported in input genome-wide association studies). Transcriptomic imputation identified age-relevant genes, including VEGFA and PHB1. Drug-target Mendelian randomization with metformin target genes showed a beneficial impact on mvAge (P value = 8.41 × 10-5). Similarly, genetically proxied thiazolidinediones (P value = 3.50 × 10-10), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibition (P value = 1.62 × 10-6), angiopoietin-like protein 4, beta blockers and calcium channel blockers also had beneficial Mendelian randomization estimates. Extending the drug-target Mendelian randomization framework to 3,947 protein-coding genes prioritized 122 targets. Together, these findings will inform future studies aimed at improving healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucas A Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Alto Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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21
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Johnston B, De Smet S, Leroy F, Mente A, Stanton A. Non-communicable disease risk associated with red and processed meat consumption-magnitude, certainty, and contextuality of risk? Anim Front 2023; 13:19-27. [PMID: 37073320 PMCID: PMC10105855 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Johnston
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Leroy
- Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew Mente
- Population Health Research Institute and Hamilton Health Sciences, and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Stanton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI Education & Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin D05 AT88, Ireland
- Global Innovation Centre, Devenish Nutrition, County Meath, Ireland
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22
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Zanker J, Sim M, Anderson K, Balogun S, Brennan-Olsen SL, Dent E, Duque G, Girgis CM, Grossmann M, Hayes A, Henwood T, Hirani V, Inderjeeth C, Iuliano S, Keogh J, Lewis JR, Lynch GS, Pasco JA, Phu S, Reijnierse EM, Russell N, Vlietstra L, Visvanathan R, Walker T, Waters DL, Yu S, Maier AB, Daly RM, Scott D. Consensus guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, diagnosis and management in Australia and New Zealand. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:142-156. [PMID: 36349684 PMCID: PMC9891980 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-associated skeletal muscle condition characterized by low muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. There is no international consensus on a sarcopenia definition and no contemporaneous clinical and research guidelines specific to Australia and New Zealand. The Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Management Task Force aimed to develop consensus guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, assessment, management and research, informed by evidence, consumer opinion, and expert consensus, for use by health professionals and researchers in Australia and New Zealand. METHODS A four-phase modified Delphi process involving topic experts and informed by consumers, was undertaken between July 2020 and August 2021. Phase 1 involved a structured meeting of 29 Task Force members and a systematic literature search from which the Phase 2 online survey was developed (Qualtrics). Topic experts responded to 18 statements, using 11-point Likert scales with agreement threshold set a priori at >80%, and five multiple-choice questions. Statements with moderate agreement (70%-80%) were revised and re-introduced in Phase 3, and statements with low agreement (<70%) were rejected. In Phase 3, topic experts responded to six revised statements and three additional questions, incorporating results from a parallel Consumer Expert Delphi study. Phase 4 involved finalization of consensus statements. RESULTS Topic experts from Australia (n = 62, 92.5%) and New Zealand (n = 5, 7.5%) with a mean ± SD age of 45.7 ± 11.8 years participated in Phase 2; 38 (56.7%) were women, 38 (56.7%) were health professionals and 27 (40.3%) were researchers/academics. In Phase 2, 15 of 18 (83.3%) statements on sarcopenia prevention, screening, assessment, management and future research were accepted with strong agreement. The strongest agreement related to encouraging a healthy lifestyle (100%) and offering tailored resistance training to people with sarcopenia (92.5%). Forty-seven experts participated in Phase 3; 5/6 (83.3%) revised statements on prevention, assessment and management were accepted with strong agreement. A majority of experts (87.9%) preferred the revised European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older Persons (EWGSOP2) definition. Seventeen statements with strong agreement (>80%) were confirmed by the Task Force in Phase 4. CONCLUSIONS The ANZSSFR Task Force present 17 sarcopenia management and research recommendations for use by health professionals and researchers which includes the recommendation to adopt the EWGSOP2 sarcopenia definition in Australia and New Zealand. This rigorous Delphi process that combined evidence, consumer expert opinion and topic expert consensus can inform similar initiatives in countries/regions lacking consensus on sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Zanker
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Anderson
- Institute for Health Transformation - Determinants of Health, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saliu Balogun
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elsa Dent
- Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian M Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine - Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Henwood
- Human Movement and Nutritional Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles Inderjeeth
- North Metropolitan Health Service & University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Iuliano
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,IMPACT-Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Phu
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Falls, Balance, and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Esmee M Reijnierse
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Russell
- Department of Medicine - Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Vlietstra
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Renuka Visvanathan
- Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (GTRAC) Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Aged & Extended Care Services, Acute and Urgent Care, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Troy Walker
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debra L Waters
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Solomon Yu
- Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (GTRAC) Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Aged & Extended Care Services, Acute and Urgent Care, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Boucher E, Plazy C, Richard ML, Suau A, Mangin I, Cornet M, Aldebert D, Toussaint B, Hannani D. Inulin prebiotic reinforces host cancer immunosurveillance via ɣδ T cell activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104224. [PMID: 36875124 PMCID: PMC9981629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is now recognized as a key parameter affecting the host's anti-cancer immunosurveillance and ability to respond to immunotherapy. Therefore, optimal modulation for preventive and therapeutic purposes is very appealing. Diet is one of the most potent modulators of microbiota, and thus nutritional intervention could be exploited to improve host anti-cancer immunity. Here, we show that an inulin-enriched diet, a prebiotic known to promote immunostimulatory bacteria, triggers an enhanced Th1-polarized CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cell-mediated anti-tumor response and attenuates tumor growth in three preclinical tumor-bearing mouse models. We highlighted that the inulin-mediated anti-tumor effect relies on the activation of both intestinal and tumor-infiltrating ɣδ T cells that are indispensable for αβ T cell activation and subsequent tumor growth control, in a microbiota-dependent manner. Overall, our data identified these cells as a critical immune subset, mandatory for inulin-mediated anti-tumor immunity in vivo, further supporting and rationalizing the use of such prebiotic approaches, as well as the development of immunotherapies targeting ɣδ T cells in cancer prevention and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Boucher
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Plazy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathias L Richard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Antonia Suau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France.,USC Cnam-ANSES Metabiot, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Irène Mangin
- USC Cnam-ANSES Metabiot, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Cornet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Aldebert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Toussaint
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Dalil Hannani
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
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24
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Bizzozero-Peroni B, Godoy-Cumillaf A, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Jiménez-López E, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Duclos-Bastías D, Mesas AE. Mediterranean Diet Interventions for Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Depressive Disorders: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14437. [PMID: 36361317 PMCID: PMC9654522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The associations between Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and depression levels have been synthesized from observational studies. However, a systematic review with meta-analysis including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this relationship in adults with depressive disorders remains lacking. This protocol was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols statement. MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases will be systematically searched to identify studies published from database inception up to 30 September 2022. The inclusion criteria will comprise RCTs reporting pre-post changes in depression status (symptoms or remission) after a MD intervention compared to a control condition in adults over 18 years with depressive disorders. Pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals will be calculated using the DerSimonian random-effects model. This study protocol determines the methodological approach for the systematic review and meta-analysis that will summarize the available evidence on the efficacy of MD interventions on depressive symptoms in adults with depressive disorders. The findings from this review may have implications for public mental health programs. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation, and infographics. No ethical approval will be required since only published data will be used. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022341895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | | | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Daniel Duclos-Bastías
- Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
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25
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Cellular agriculture could be a game-changer or just another spot on the supermarket shelves. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:782-784. [PMID: 37117887 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Bizzozero-Peroni B, Brazo-Sayavera J, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Fernández-Rodríguez R, López-Gil JF, Díaz-Goñi V, Cavero-Redondo I, Mesas AE. High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2195-2206. [PMID: 36166848 PMCID: PMC9776663 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood. We conducted a systematic search in 5 databases from inception to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (Cohen d index) with their 95% CIs were calculated via a random effects model. A total of 30 studies were included (19 cross-sectional in young, middle-aged, and older adults; 10 prospective cohort in older adults; and 1 randomized controlled trial in young adults) involving 36,807 individuals (mean age range: 20.9-86.3 y). Pooled effect sizes showed a significant cross-sectional association between higher MD adherence scores (as a continuous variable) and overall PF (d = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75; I2 = 91.0%, n = 6). The pooled ORs from cross-sectional data showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.47; I2 = 0%, n = 4), musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.47; I2 = 61.4%, n = 13), and overall PF (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68; I2 = 83.2%, n = 17) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Pooled ORs from prospective cohort studies (3- to 12-y follow-up) showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38; I2 = 0%, n = 4) and overall PF (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; I2 = 9.7%, n = 7) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Conversely, no significant association was observed between MD and motor fitness. High adherence to MD was associated with higher PF levels, a crucial marker of health status throughout adulthood. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022308259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay,Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - José F López-Gil
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay,Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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27
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Jones G, Macaninch E, Mellor DD, Spiro A, Martyn K, Butler T, Johnson A, Moore JB. Putting nutrition education on the table: development of a curriculum to meet future doctors' needs. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-9. [PMID: 36089804 PMCID: PMC9991850 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has further exacerbated trends of widening health inequalities in the UK. Shockingly, the number of years of life lived in general good health differs by over 18 years between the most and least deprived areas of England. Poor diets and obesity are established major risk factors for chronic cardiometabolic diseases and cancer, as well as severe COVID-19. For doctors to provide the best care to their patients, there is an urgent need to improve nutrition education in undergraduate medical school training.With this imperative, the Association for Nutrition established an Interprofessional Working Group on Medical Education (AfN IPG) to develop a new, modern undergraduate nutrition curriculum for medical doctors. The AfN IPG brought together expertise from nutrition, dietetic and medical professionals, representing the National Health Service (NHS), royal colleges, medical schools and universities, government public health departments, learned societies, medical students, and nutrition educators. The curriculum was developed with the key objective of being implementable through integration with the current undergraduate training of medical doctors.Through an iterative and transparent consultative process, thirteen key nutritional competencies, to be achieved through mastery of eleven graduation fundamentals, were established. The curriculum to facilitate the achievement of these key competencies is divided into eight topic areas, each underpinned by a learning objective statement and teaching points detailing the knowledge and skills development required. The teaching points can be achieved through clinical teaching and a combination of facilitated learning activities and practical skill acquisition. Therefore, the nutrition curriculum enables mastery of these nutritional competencies in a way that will complement and strengthen medical students' achievement of the General Medical Council (GMC) Outcome for Graduates.As nutrition is an integrative science, the AfN IPG recommends that the curriculum is incorporated into initial undergraduate medical studies before specialist training. This will enable our future doctors to recognise how nutrition is related to multiple aspects of their training, from physiological systems to patient-centred care, and acquire a broad, inclusive understanding of health and disease. In addition, it will facilitate medical schools to embed nutrition learning opportunities within the core medical training, without the need to add in a large number of new components to an already crowded programme or with additional burden for teaching staff.The undergraduate nutrition curriculum for medical doctors is designed to support medical schools to create future doctors who will understand and recognise the role of nutrition in health. Moreover, it will equip frontline staff to feel empowered to raise nutrition-related issues with their patients as a fundamental part of enhanced care and to appropriately refer on for nutrition support with a registered associate nutritionist/registered nutritionist (ANutr/RNutr) or registered dietitian (RD) where this is likely to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Macaninch
- Education and Research in Medical Education (ERimNN) Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kathy Martyn
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
- Education and Research in Medical Education (ERimNN), School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Thomas Butler
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | | | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- The Nutrition Society, London, UK
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Carbohydrates are the main contributor to daily energy intake and, thus, might play an essential role in the development and treatment of obesity. This nonsystematic literature overview summarized current knowledge about the association between carbohydrate intake (quantity and quality) and weight management. RECENT FINDINGS There is scientific evidence for the association between the quality of carbohydrates and body weight or metabolic parameters (e.g. fasting glucose). Thus, dietary intake of high-quality carbohydrates should be preferred over food with a low carbohydrate quality. In contrast, heterogeneous data are available for the association between the amount of carbohydrate intake and anthropometric parameters (e.g. body weight, body fat). Regulation of dietary intake and body weight is complex. For instance, gene-diet interactions might play a role in carbohydrate intake and metabolism. SUMMARY There is evidence for the association between intake of high-quality carbohydrates and body weight. However, for the treatment of obesity, a negative energy balance is crucial. The success in weight loss was independent of the quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake. To sum up, recently published literature does not change the current opinion about carbohydrate intake and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bayer
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital 'Klinikum rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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29
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Katz DL. Where's the Beef? At the Juncture of Flora, Fauna, and Food. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:894-895. [PMID: 35531996 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221088661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L Katz
- True Health Initiative, Tulsa, OK, USA.,Diet ID Inc, Detroit, MI, USA
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30
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Longo VD, Anderson RM. Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions. Cell 2022; 185:1455-1470. [PMID: 35487190 PMCID: PMC9089818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diet as a whole, encompassing food composition, calorie intake, and the length and frequency of fasting periods, affects the time span in which health and functional capacity are maintained. Here, we analyze aging and nutrition studies in simple organisms, rodents, monkeys, and humans to link longevity to conserved growth and metabolic pathways and outline their role in aging and age-related disease. We focus on feasible nutritional strategies shown to delay aging and/or prevent diseases through epidemiological, model organism, clinical, and centenarian studies and underline the need to avoid malnourishment and frailty. These findings are integrated to define a longevity diet based on a multi-pillar approach adjusted for age and health status to optimize lifespan and healthspan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; GRECC, William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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31
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Katz DL. Knowing Well, Being Well: well-being born of understanding. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:894-900. [DOI: 10.1177/08901171221088661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Katz
- True Health Initiative, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Diet ID Inc, Detroit, MI, USA
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32
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Pauer S, Rutjens BT, Ruby MB, Perino G, van Harreveld F. Meating Conflict: Toward a Model of Ambivalence-Motivated Reduction of Meat Consumption. Foods 2022; 11:921. [PMID: 35407008 PMCID: PMC9040712 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of people are concerned about eating meat, despite enjoying doing so. In the present research, we examined whether the desire to resolve this ambivalence about eating meat leads to a reduction in meat consumption. Our model of ambivalence-motivated meat reduction proposes that the pervasive nature of evaluative conflict motivates meat avoidance, and we highlight two potential mechanisms involved: the anticipation of ambivalence reduction through behavioral change, and information seeking for contents that facilitate meat reduction. Study 1 drew on a cross-sectional 6-day food diary with 7485 observations in a quota sample to investigate why meat-related ambivalence arises and to demonstrate the correlation of ambivalence with meat reduction. Two experiments investigated the causal direction of this association by showing that ambivalence-induced discomfort motivated participants to eat less meat when they introspected on their preexisting incongruent evaluations (Study 2 and 3), which was mediated by the aforementioned mechanisms involved (Study 3; preregistered). The studies utilized diverse samples from Germany, England, and the US (total N = 1192) and support the proposed model by indicating that behavioral change is an important coping strategy to resolve ambivalent discomfort in the context of meat consumption. Our model of ambivalence-motivated meat reduction contributes to theorizing on the consequences of ambivalence and the psychology of (not) eating meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Pauer
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.T.R.); (F.v.H.)
| | - Bastiaan T. Rutjens
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.T.R.); (F.v.H.)
| | - Matthew B. Ruby
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Grischa Perino
- Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Frenk van Harreveld
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.T.R.); (F.v.H.)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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33
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Wistar A, Hall MG, Bercholz M, Taillie LS. Designing Environmental Messages to Discourage Red Meat Consumption: An Online Experiment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2919. [PMID: 35270622 PMCID: PMC8910317 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reducing red meat consumption in high-consuming countries is critical for mitigating climate change and preventing chronic disease. This study tested the effectiveness of messages conveying the worsening or reduction of environmental harms at discouraging red meat consumption. 1078 U.S. adults viewed seven messages in an online survey highlighting the reduction or worsening of environmental harms associated with eating red meat (between-subjects factor) and rated the messages on how much they discouraged them from wanting to buy beef. Each message highlighted a different environmental harm: deforestation, climate change, water shortages, biodiversity loss, carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions, or environment (within-subjects factor). No statistically significant difference was found between the reduction and worsening of environmental harms conditions for most topics, though the worsening of harms frame slightly outperformed the reduction of harms frame for the 'environment' topic. 'Environment' was also the message topic that elicited the strongest response from participants overall. Latino participants, those with more than a high school degree, and those who consume beef once a week or less rated messages as more effective than non-Latino participants, those who completed high school or less, and those who consumed beef more than once a week. Future research should explore the effect of messages on behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wistar
- Program in Global Health and Health Policy, Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Marissa G. Hall
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Maxime Bercholz
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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34
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Youssef J, Mora M, Maiz E, Spence C. Sensory exploration of vegetables combined with a cookery class increases willingness to choose/eat plant-based food and drink. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003889.].
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36
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Sezaki A, Imai T, Miyamoto K, Kawase F, Shirai Y, Abe C, Sanada M, Inden A, Kato T, Sugihara N, Shimokata H. Association between the Mediterranean Diet Score and Healthy Life Expectancy: A Global Comparative Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:621-627. [PMID: 35718872 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extending healthy life expectancy (HALE), defined as the average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health" by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury, is a common topic worldwide. This study aims to clarify the relationships between the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and life expectancy (LE) and HALE globally using publicly available international data. SETTING Analyses were conducted on 130 countries with populations of 1 million or more for which all data were available. Individual countries were scored from 0 to 9 to indicate adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to the MDS scoring method. The supply of vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts, cereals, fish, and olive oil per 1,000 kcal per country was calculated based on the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, with a score of 1 for above the median and 0 for below. The same method was used to calculate scores of presumed detrimental components (meat and dairy), with consumption below the median given a value of 1, and consumption above the median given a value of 0. For ethanol, a score of 1 was given for 10g to 50 g of consumption. We investigated the cross-sectional associations between the MDS and LE and HALE at birth in 2009, and the longitudinal associations between the MDS in 2009 and LE and HALE between 2009 and 2019, controlling for covariates at baseline using linear mixed models. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analysis, the MDS was significantly positively associated with LE (β=0.906 [95% confidence interval, 0.065-1.747], p=0.037) and HALE (β=0.875 [0.207-1.544], p=0.011) after controlling for all covariates. The longitudinal analysis also revealed significantly positive associations between the MDS and LE (0.621 [0.063-1.178], p=0.030) and HALE (0.694 [0.227-1.161], p=0.004) after controlling for all covariates. CONCLUSION The present study, based on an analysis using 10 years of international data, showed that countries with a higher MDS showed a positive association with HALE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sezaki
- Ayako Sezaki, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nagoya Gakugei Daigaku, Japan,
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