1
|
Darounkola MA, Ebrahimzadeh E, Borji H, Khoshvaght M. Morphometrical and molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in wild canids in north of Iran. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1554. [PMID: 39115453 PMCID: PMC11308505 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The cestode Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic infection that constitutes a significant public health risk. This parasite has been documented to have potential reservoirs and carriers among wild canids, namely wolves, foxes and jackals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of E. granulosus sensu lato species/genotypes among wild canids in three northern, northeastern and north-western Iran regions. METHODS From 2019 to 2022, 93 wild canid carcasses (69 jackals), (22 foxes) and (2 wolves) were collected that were killed in car accidents or illnesses. Analyses of morphology and morphometry were performed to verify the presence of E. granulosus. To determine E. granulosus s.l. species/genotypes, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP (ITS1) was performed utilizing the Bsh1236I (BstUI) restriction enzyme. COX1, NADH1 and ITS1 gene sequencing were also performed to confirm the PCR-RFLP results. RESULTS During this study, 93 wild canids were examined, and 3.2% (95% CI: 0%-7%) of the 93 were infected with Echinococcus. The north-western region of Iran showed two out of 30 jackals (6.6%) infected with adult Echinococcus compared to one out of 35 jackals (2.8%) in the northern region. DNA from Echinococcus was detected in these individuals by PCR. Based on PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS1 gene and sequencing of COX1, NADH1 and ITS1 gene, E. granulosus sensu stricto genotype was confirmed in the jackals that had been infected. CONCLUSION Evidence shows that E. granulosus occurs in jackals in Iran, with the E. granulosus s.s. genotype being the most common. This parasite has been identified as a zoonotic parasite with a genotype that can be transmitted to livestock and humans. Establishing effective control measures to prevent the spread of echinococcosis and ensure public health is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elahe Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Mohammadreza Khoshvaght
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pensel PE, Scioscia NP, Nieto N, Zoppi J, Chaparro M, Paredes AJ, Albani CM, Palma SD, Elissondo MC. Usefulness of a murine model of hepatic cystic echinococcosis for preclinical drug trials: Efficacy of albendazole vs albendazole nanocrystals. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107285. [PMID: 38908420 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The disease is characterized by the long-term growth of cysts, most commonly in the liver and lungs. Although an ideal model of cystic echinococcosis should induce the development of cysts in the liver and imitate the natural infection route, the murine model of intraperitoneal is still widely used in the field of experimental theraphy. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the usefulness of the murine model of hepatic CE for preclinical drug trials. The effectiveness of albendazole could also be assessed by measuring the diameter of the hepatic cyst. The albendazole significantly reduced the size of the cysts. The ultrastructural alterations of the germinal layer of hepatic cysts provoked by albendazole coincided with those observed in the intraperitoneal model. Similar results were obtained with both albendazole doses. Therefore, the efficacy of albendazole nanocrystals in the murine model of hepatic cystic echinococcosis was carried out at albendazole doses of 25 mg/kg. The abdominal ultrasound allows us to assess the response of cysts to drugs only in a qualitative manner. Although the size of cysts in the albendazole nanocrystal group was not significantly lower than that observed with albendazole, at the ultrastructural level, a greater extent of damage was observed. The murine model of hepatic cystic echinococcosis can be effectively used for assessing the effect of novel formulations or compounds. The main advantage of this model is that cysts are located in the orthotopic organ, which resembles the location most commonly found in human cases. In future studies, the usefulness of the model for pharmacokinetics studies in hepatic cysts will be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Pensel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), CONICET-UNMdP, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Nathalia P Scioscia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), CONICET-UNMdP, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Nieto
- Instituto Radiológico, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Zoppi
- Hospital Privado de Comunidad, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Chaparro
- Centro Marplatense de Investigaciones Matemáticas (CEMIM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. CONICET
| | - Alejandro J Paredes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Clara M Albani
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), CONICET-UNMdP, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago D Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica, UNITEFA-CONICET; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, HUA-Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Elissondo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), CONICET-UNMdP, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Briciu V, Kalmár Z, Ieremia A, Lupșe M, Flonta M, Muntean M, Cismaru C, Horvat M, Rădulescu A, Topan A, Jianu C, Ionică AM. Serological evidence of human exposure to foodborne zoonotic parasites in Romanian patients and possible association with food habits and hygiene. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2024; 36:e00240. [PMID: 39220615 PMCID: PMC11363570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans may become accidental dead-end hosts for a series of zoonotic foodborne parasites, of which Toxoplasma gondii, Echinococcus spp., Toxocara spp., and Trichinella spiralis are of major public health interest, due to their potential pathological implications. The aims of the study were to evaluate the exposure to these pathogens in north-western Romania, and to investigate their potential association to risk factors. From June 2022 to January 2024, 554 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in north-western Romania were screened for the presence of IgG antibodies against T. gondii, Echinococcus spp., Toxocara canis, and T. spiralis by ELISA, and potential risks were assessed using a questionnaire. Overall, 225 samples (40.6%) were positive for at least one pathogen. The highest seroprevalence for IgG was found for T. gondii (33.9%), followed by Echinococcus spp. (9.1%), T. spiralis (2.9%), and T. canis (1.1%). For T. spiralis, raw meat consumption was associated with positivity. For T. gondii, increased age, rural environment, contact with cats, consumption of unwashed fruits/vegetables and drinking water from unverified sources were significantly associated to seropositivity. The present study provides new insights into the epidemiological status of zoonotic foodborne parasite in Romania, underlining the need to increase awareness on the importance of water, sanitation and food habits in relation with this neglected pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Briciu
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4000348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zsuzsa Kalmár
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4000348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Epidemiology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Ieremia
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Lupșe
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4000348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Flonta
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Muntean
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4000348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Cismaru
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4000348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Horvat
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4000348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amanda Rădulescu
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4000348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Topan
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4000348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Jianu
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angela Monica Ionică
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nocerino M, Pepe P, Ciccone E, Maurelli MP, Bosco A, Boué F, Umhang G, Lahmar S, Said Y, Sotiraki S, Ligda P, Laatamna A, Reghaissia N, Saralli G, Musella V, Alterisio MC, Piegari G, Rinaldi L. Epidemiological update of cystic echinococcosis in livestock and assessment of practices related to its control in the Mediterranean area. Acta Trop 2024; 255:107240. [PMID: 38705342 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic parasitic disease that still represents a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. The Mediterranean basin is recognized as one of the major hotspots of CE due to several factors, including the presence of diverse intermediate host species as well as socio-economic and cultural conditions of local communities. This study aims to take a closer look at epidemiological data on CE in the Mediterranean area and assess the knowledge attitudes and practices of shepherds towards this disease in four countries (Algeria, Greece, Italy and Tunisia), highly endemic for CE, with the final goal of identifying highly endemic risk areas and practices in use which might potentially allow the persistence of E. granulosus infection in these areas. To update the epidemiological scenario of CE in Mediterranean areas, a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature on CE prevalence data published during the 2017-2023 period was carried out and, through a geographical information system (GIS), a map displaying the current CE distribution in the Mediterranean area was generated. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted through in-depth interviews of the farmers to collect information on their management system as well as knowledge attitudes and practices towards CE. From the farmer-participatory survey some risky practices emerged including the non-regular deworming of dogs or the use of ineffective drugs or dosing, as well as the provision of uncooked animal viscera to dogs. Finally, lower levels of knowledge and awareness of the disease was observed among farmers from North Africa compared with those of European countries. In conclusion, the results obtained highlight that CE is still a very serious problem in Mediterranean areas and increased efforts are needed to promote awareness among farmers and to turn research results into policy in order to reduce the spread of this disease, according to the One Health perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nocerino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Paola Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples 80137, Italy.
| | - Elena Ciccone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples 80137, Italy; Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Maurelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples 80137, Italy; Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples 80137, Italy; Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle agricole et vétérinaire, BP 40009, Malzéville 54220, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle agricole et vétérinaire, BP 40009, Malzéville 54220, France
| | - Samia Lahmar
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Yousra Said
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Panagiota Ligda
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - AbdElkarim Laatamna
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP, Djelfa 3117, Algeria
| | - Nassiba Reghaissia
- Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, University of Souk Ahras, Annaba Road, Souk Ahras 41000, Algeria
| | - Giorgio Saralli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Alterisio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piegari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples 80137, Italy; Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamad BS, Shnawa BH, Alrawi RA, Ahmed MH. Comparative analysis of host immune responses to Hydatid cyst in human and ovine hepatic cystic Echinococcosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 273:110775. [PMID: 38776648 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydatid disease is caused by the larval stages of the canine tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is one of the most critical helminthic diseases, representing worldwide public health and socio-economic concern. AIM This study aimed to investigate the expression of apoptosis and immune response within hepatic tissues of humans and sheep infected with the Hydatid cyst. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissue was prepared from each tissue sample and used for histopathological examination by Haematoxylin- Eosin. Also, toluidine blue staining was used for mast cell detection, while an immunohistochemical study was performed to assess CD3 T lymphocytes, CD4 helper T lymphocytes, CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD20 memory B lymphocytes, CD68 macrophage, and caspase-3 antibodies. RESULTS The histological examination revealed significant changes, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells, predominantly lymphocytes with scattered giant cells, necrotic hepatic tissue, and fibrosis. Toluidine blue stain revealed a higher number of mast cells (5 cells/field) in humans compared to sheep (3.6 cells/field). The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that the CD3 were the most predominant inflammatory cell in the hepatic tissue of humans (intensive 70%), and sheep (moderate 38.47%). Caspase-3 was observed in all samples in different grades and mostly in human liver tissue. CONCLUSION This data could aid in recognizing immunological markers for differentiating disease progression, as well as enhance the understanding of local immune responses to cystic Echinococcosis (CE). The findings could provide preliminary data for future studies on immune responses associated with Hydatid cysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bnar S Hamad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region 30802, Iraq
| | - Bushra H Shnawa
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region 30802, Iraq
| | - Rafal A Alrawi
- Clinical Analysis Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mukhtar H Ahmed
- SISAF Drug Delivery Nanotechnology, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nocerino M, Pepe P, Bosco A, Ciccone E, Maurelli MP, Boué F, Umhang G, Pellegrini J, Lahmar S, Said Y, Sotiraki S, Ligda P, Laatamna A, Saralli G, Paciello O, Alterisio MC, Rinaldi L. An innovative strategy for deworming dogs in Mediterranean areas highly endemic for cystic echinococcosis. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:86. [PMID: 38395867 PMCID: PMC10893745 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, is a zoonotic parasitic disease of economic and public health importance worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean area. Canids are the main definitive hosts of the adult cestode contaminating the environment with parasite eggs released with feces. In rural and peri-urban areas, the risk of transmission to livestock as well as humans is high because of the free-roaming behavior of owned/not owned dogs. Collecting data on animal movements and behavior using GPS dataloggers could be a milestone to contain the spread of this parasitosis. Thus, this study aims to develop a comprehensive control strategy, focused on deworming a dog population in a pilot area of southern Italy (Campania region) highly endemic for CE. METHODS Accordingly, five sheep farms, tested to be positive for CE, were selected. In each sheep farm, all shepherd dogs present were treated every 2 months with praziquantel. Furthermore, 15 GPS dataloggers were applied to sheep and dogs, and their movements were tracked for 1 month; the distances that they traveled and their respective home ranges were determined using minimum convex polygon (MCP) analysis with a convex hull geometry as output. RESULTS The results showed that the mean daily walking distances traveled by sheep and dogs did not significantly differ. Over 90% of the point locations collected by GPS fell within 1500 mt of the farm, and the longest distances were traveled between 10:00 and 17:00. In all the sheep farms monitored, the area traversed by the animals during their daily activities showed an extension of < 250 hectares. Based on the home range of the animals, the area with the highest risk of access from canids (minimum safe convex polygon) was estimated around the centroid of each farm, and a potential scheme for the delivery of praziquantel-laced baits for the treatment of not owned dogs gravitating around the grazing area was designed. CONCLUSIONS This study documents the usefulness of geospatial technology in supporting parasite control strategies to reduce disease transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nocerino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Naples, Campania Region, Italy
| | - Elena Ciccone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Naples, Campania Region, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Maurelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Naples, Campania Region, Italy
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Justine Pellegrini
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Samia Lahmar
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Univ., Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Yousra Said
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Univ., Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Ligda
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - AbdElkarim Laatamna
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Giorgio Saralli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Rome, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Alterisio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Naples, Campania Region, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hogea MO, Ciomaga BF, Muntean MM, Muntean AA, Popa MI, Popa GL. Cystic Echinococcosis in the Early 2020s: A Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:36. [PMID: 38393125 PMCID: PMC10891927 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by metacestodes, the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined CE as a neglected disease, it is the second most important foodborne parasitic disease, and it remains an important public health issue, considering its zonal endemicity and potential morbidity. The control and prevention of CE is a relevant WHO target, especially from a One Health perspective, as the disease affects not only animals and humans but also the food chain. Since not all countries have a CE surveillance strategy or reporting system and specific management guidelines, recent epidemiological data are relatively scarce, and research concerning the specific geographical distribution of the disease is ongoing. To add new information to the subject, we have analyzed and collected data from national guidelines and several medical databases. Out of the 751 research articles that were originally identified, only 52 were included in the investigation after applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Notable international projects that have provided significant contributions and had a positive impact are presented. The available data were correlated with WHO recommendations on the subject, thus showcasing the measures taken and those that are still needed to properly control the disease's spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Octav Hogea
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Bogdan-Florin Ciomaga
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mădălina-Maria Muntean
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Muntean
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Loredana Popa
- Parasitic Disease Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paduraru AA, Lupu MA, Popoiu CM, Stanciulescu MC, Tirnea L, Boia ES, Olariu TR. Cystic Echinococcosis in Hospitalized Children from Western Romania: A 25-Year Retrospective Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:281. [PMID: 38397884 PMCID: PMC10886803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. We aimed to assess the epidemiological aspects of the disease in hospitalized children from Western Romania, a well-known endemic area for CE. We retrospectively investigated the medical records of children hospitalized between 1998 and 2022. A total of 144 patients were included, and 58.3% were from rural areas. The number of cases increased with age, from 9% in the age group 3-5 years to 59.7% in the age group 11-17 years. The liver was more frequently affected (65.3%), and a significant association between gender and the affected organ was noted; liver cysts were more frequently diagnosed in girls, while lung cysts were recorded mostly in boys. Complications were more frequently reported in patients with pulmonary CE compared to hepatic CE (p = 0.04). Boys had more complications (16/23, 69.6%) compared to girls (7/23, 30.4%) (p = 0.03). A third of the children were hospitalized for more than 14 days, and multiple hospitalizations were recorded in 31.3% of the patients. This paper provides new insights into the epidemiologic features of cystic echinococcosis in children from Western Romania. Our findings indicate that exposure to the parasite starts in childhood, and the rate of hospitalization increases with age. Public health strategies should be implemented and permanently improved in order to lower the prevalence of CE in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alexandra Paduraru
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.P.); (M.A.L.); (L.T.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Alina Lupu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.P.); (M.A.L.); (L.T.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Calin Marius Popoiu
- Discipline of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Department of Pediatrics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.M.P.); (M.C.S.)
- Pediatric and Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Corina Stanciulescu
- Discipline of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Department of Pediatrics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.M.P.); (M.C.S.)
- Pediatric and Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Livius Tirnea
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.P.); (M.A.L.); (L.T.); (T.R.O.)
| | - Eugen Sorin Boia
- Discipline of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Department of Pediatrics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.M.P.); (M.C.S.)
- Pediatric and Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Rares Olariu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.P.); (M.A.L.); (L.T.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aregawi WG, Levecke B, Ashenafi H, Byaruhanga C, Kebede N, Mulinge E, Wassermann M, Romig T, Dorny P, Dermauw V. Epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in the Greater Horn of Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011894. [PMID: 38271288 PMCID: PMC10810510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), the life cycle of which involves multiple hosts. We conducted a systematic review (SR) on E. granulosus s.l. in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA), to provide a picture of its recent epidemiology across all hosts. METHODS For this SR, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, five electronic databases, as well experts in the region were consulted to retrieve records published between 2000 and 2022, reporting the presence of E. granulosus s.l. infections in any natural host in the GHA (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 247 records were retained, describing the presence of E. granulosus s.l. throughout the GHA, except for Djibouti. Only few population surveys on human CE were conducted in the area, with the prevalence ranging between 0.3 and 11.3%. In animals, the reported prevalence ranged up to 61.6% in camels, 88.4% in cattle; 65.2% in goats, 9.9% in pigs, 67.8% in sheep and 94.5% in dogs. In addition, E. granulosus s.l. was also reported in wildlife. A total of five species were reported in the different hosts, namely E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1, G3, GOmo), E. canadensis (G6/7), E. ortleppi (G5), E. felidis, and E. equinus (G4). CONCLUSIONS We confirm that E. granulosus s.l. is prevalent throughout the GHA. Nevertheless, despite our efforts to screen grey literature, an accurate assessment of the epidemiology in GHA remains challenging, due to the lack of combined host, in-depth risk factor and behavioural studies, as well as the wide diversity in subpopulations studied and diagnostic tools used. Interdisciplinary and transboundary partnerships would be essential for the design of effective control strategies, tuned to the GHA setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weldegebrial G. Aregawi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hagos Ashenafi
- Unit of Animal Health and Zoonotic Diseases Research, Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charles Byaruhanga
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Unit of Animal Health and Zoonotic Diseases Research, Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Thomas Romig
- Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang T, Lv Y, Zhao Y, Yang J, Qian B, Zhu Y, Zhao W, Zhu M. Changes in intestinal flora of mice induced by rEg.P29 epitope peptide vaccines. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1082. [PMID: 38018604 PMCID: PMC10664826 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a public health and socioeconomic issue worldwide, making its prevention and treatment of vital importance. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the intestinal microbiota of mice immunized with three peptide vaccines based on the recombinant antigen of E. granulosus, P29 (rEg.P29), with the hope of providing more valuable information for the development of vaccines against CE. METHODS Three peptide vaccines, rEg.P29T , rEg.P29B , and rEg.P29T + B , were prepared based on rEg.P29, and a subcutaneous immunization model was established. The intestinal floras of mice in the different immunization groups were analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The intestinal microbiota analysis at both immunization time points revealed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota were the predominant flora at the phylum level, while at the genus level, Akkermansia, unclassified_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and uncultured_rumen bacterium were the dominant genera. Some probiotics in the intestines of mice were significantly increased after immunization with the peptide vaccines, such as Lactobacillus_taiwanensis, Lactobacillus_reuteri, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Bacteroides_acidifaciens, and so forth. Meanwhile, some harmful or conditionally pathogenic bacteria were decreased, such as Turicibacter sanguinis, Desulfovibrio_fairfieldensis, Clostridium_sp, and so forth, most of which are associated with inflammatory or infectious diseases. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the differential flora were enriched in multiple metabolic pathways, primarily biological systems, human diseases, metabolism, cellular processes, and environmental information processing. CONCLUSION In this study, we comprehensively analyzed and compared changes in the intestinal microbiota of mice immunized with three peptide vaccines as well as their related metabolic pathways, providing a theoretical background for the development of novel vaccines against E. granulosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Clinical MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
| | - Yongxue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Bingshuo Qian
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abbasi Dezfouli S, El Rafidi A, Aminizadeh E, Ramouz A, Al-Saeedi M, Khajeh E, Mieth M, Weber TF, Chang DH, Hoffmann K, Büchler MW, Mehrabi A. Risk factors and management of biliary leakage after Endocystectomy for hepatic cystic echinococcosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011724. [PMID: 37906617 PMCID: PMC10637722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocystectomy is a conservative surgical approach to managing cystic echinococcosis. Bile leakage is the main complication of this technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with bile leakage and to assess the outcomes and cost efficiency of strategies used to treat bile leakage. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Patients who underwent endocystectomy between 2005 and 2020 were included. The preoperative characteristics, intra- and postoperative outcomes, hospital costs, and cost efficiency (the Diagnosis-Related Group reimbursement minus the overall cost) were evaluated prospectively. A total of eighty patients with 142 cysts were included. Postoperative complications occurred in 17 patients (21%), including 11 patients with bile leakage (type A: 1, type B: 6 and type C: 4 patients, total 13%). Bile leakage was more frequent in patients with preoperative MRI signs of cysto-biliary fistulas or intraoperative visible cysto-biliary fistulas (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively) and in patients with cysts larger than 8 cm (p = 0.03). Patients with bile leakage who underwent reoperation (type C) had significantly shorter hospital stays (9 vs. 16 days, p<0.01) and better cost efficiency than those who received radiologic or endocscopic interventions (€2,072 vs. -€2,097 p = 0.01). No mortality was observed, and recurrence was seen in two patients. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Endocystectomy is a safe and efficient technique. Preoperative and intraoperative cysto-biliary fistulas and a cyst diameter larger than 8 cm are correlated to postoperative bile leakage. Early operative management of bile leakage reduces hospital stay and improves cost efficiency compared with radiologic or endoscopic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Abbasi Dezfouli
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmad El Rafidi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ehsan Aminizadeh
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Ramouz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Al-Saeedi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elias Khajeh
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Mieth
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Frederik Weber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - De-Hua Chang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paduraru AA, Lupu MA, Sima L, Cozma GV, Olariu SD, Chiriac SD, Totolici BD, Pirvu CA, Lazar F, Nesiu A, Mihu AG, Cumpanas AA, Cretu OM, Olariu TR. Cystic Echinococcosis in Hospitalized Adult Patients from Western Romania: 2007-2022. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2388. [PMID: 37894047 PMCID: PMC10609572 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological features of human cystic echinococcosis in patients from Western Romania. We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients hospitalized with CE between 1 January 2007 and 1 September 2022. A total of 366 patients (range 18-90 years) were recorded. The number of hospitalized individuals was higher in patients aged 50-59 years (83/366, 22.7%), in females (194/366, 53%), and in residents of rural areas (225/366, 61.5%). The liver was the most common localization of the cysts (302/366, 82.5%). Ninety-eight patients (26.8%) presented complications, including biliary fistula, allergies, and infection of the cyst. Patients with complications had a longer mean hospital stay (15.7 ± 8.3 days) compared to patients without complications (11.5 ± 7.3 days) (p < 0.001). The results of this study revealed that patients diagnosed with CE required hospitalization and extended medical care, indicating that this zoonotic disease remains a significant public health problem in Western Romania. Public health authorities should enhance CE surveillance by implementing control programs and mandatory notification of new cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alexandra Paduraru
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (M.A.L.); (A.G.M.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Alina Lupu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (M.A.L.); (A.G.M.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Sima
- Discipline of Surgical Semiology I and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery I, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (G.V.C.)
- General Surgery Clinic, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriel Veniamin Cozma
- Discipline of Surgical Semiology I and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery I, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (G.V.C.)
- Thoracic Surgery Clinic, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Dan Olariu
- General Surgery Clinic, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania; (S.D.O.)
- Discipline of Surgery I, Department of Surgery II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Dan Chiriac
- Discipline of Surgery III, Department of Surgery II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Dan Totolici
- Department of General Surgery, Vasile Goldis Western University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Catalin Alexandru Pirvu
- General Surgery Clinic, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania; (S.D.O.)
- Discipline of Surgical Emergencies, Department of Surgery II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Fulger Lazar
- General Surgery Clinic, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania; (S.D.O.)
- Discipline of Surgery II, Department of Surgery II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Nesiu
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 310025 Arad, Romania;
- Department of Urology, Arad County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 310037 Arad, Romania
| | - Alin Gabriel Mihu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (M.A.L.); (A.G.M.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Alin Adrian Cumpanas
- Discipline of Urology, Department XV, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Discipline of Surgical Semiology I and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery I, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (G.V.C.)
- General Surgery Clinic, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Rares Olariu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (M.A.L.); (A.G.M.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peralta RDC, Cuntó RAC, Moreta CY, Lapo GEG, Sierra RLV, Villalba LRL, Gómez BJP, Landires EAG, Ramallo G. Zoonotic Transmission of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst from Domestic Dogs: A Case Report from an Urban-Marginal Area in Ecuador. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2023; 24:e940647. [PMID: 37574793 PMCID: PMC10437080 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.940647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic hydatidosis, or echinococcosis, is a zoonosis with worldwide prevalence and is potentially lethal in humans. This report presents a case of hydatidosis in a 40-year-old woman that was associated with a zoonotic transmission of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic dogs in an urban-marginal area of the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. This report shows how early diagnosis and awareness favored the correct treatment of the disease. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old woman from the aforementioned sector presented the following symptoms: malaise, pain in the upper right hypochondrium, palpable mass, jaundice, and fever. Next, the patient's fecal samples were analyzed by direct coproparasitic methods, flotation, and sedimentation with centrifugation using saline solution, whereby the presence of Entamoeba histolytica eggs was determined. Likewise, she underwent an ultrasound, in which hepatic hydatid cysts were observed. Subsequently, the cysts were treated and surgically removed, and parasitic forms of E. granulosus were identified. Later, coproparasitic analysis of her 2 domestic dogs for coproantigen ELISA were performed, by which the presence of this cestode was also identified and confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Hydatidosis is a zoonosis that can affect the population, especially in endemic areas of developed and underdeveloped countries. In this case, hepatic hydatidosis was identified in a 40-year-old woman. Additionally, the presence of E. granulosus eggs was determined in the fecal matter of her dogs, which indicated that the patient's relatives and other people around them were exposed to this zoonosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Darwin Coello Peralta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Antonio Coello Cuntó
- Anatomy Laboratory, Medical Career, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Yancha Moreta
- Faculty of Health and Social Services, Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Milagro, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Luís Renato León Villalba
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology and Tropical Medicine LEMMT, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Geraldine Ramallo
- Instituto de Invertebrados, Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Toaleb NI, Aboelsoued D, Abdel Megeed KN, Hekal SHA. A Novel Designed Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Echinococcus granulosus Antigen in Camels for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:400. [PMID: 37624338 PMCID: PMC10459475 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus spp. are important cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic tapeworms that cause a disease called hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis (CE), which has remarkable economic losses. The objective of our study was to develop a specific IgG polyclonal antigen-based ELISA (Sandwich ELISA; capture ELISA) method for the detection of circulating Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) antigens in camels infected with hydatid cysts before slaughtering and its application in serodiagnosis of CE in animals to assess the positive rate of hydatidosis in camels slaughtered in Giza governorate abattoirs in Egypt. In this study, molecular identification of Echinococcus sp. isolate was performed based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) gene, revealing the isolate (GenBank: OQ443068.1), which is identical to the G6 E. granulosus sensu lato genotype. The positive rate of hydatid cysts was determined in slaughtered camels' organs (n = 587). The results revealed that hydatid cysts were found in 46.5% (273/587) of the examined camels. Pulmonary echinococcosis was significantly more prevalent in the slaughtered camels (60%, 164/273) than hepatic echinococcosis (39.9%, 109/273), (p = 0.001, Chi Square = 11.081). Cyst fertility rates were higher in hepatic (90.8%, 99/109) than in pulmonary cysts (83.5%, 137/164) and the most viable protoscoleces were recorded from fertile the hepatic cysts (67.85 ± 12.78). In this study, hydatid cyst germinal layer antigen (GlAg) was isolated and used for the immunization of rabbits to raise IgG polyclonal antibodies (anti-Echinococcus GlAb IgG). These IgG polyclonal antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography using a protein A column, then labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Electrophoretic analysis of IgG polyclonal antibodies and crude GlAg was performed in 10% polyacrylamide gels. The SDS-PAGE revealed four bands at molecular weights of 77 kDa, 65 kDa, 55 kDa, and 25 kDa. The Sandwich ELISA was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity and cross-reactivity of the prepared IgG polyclonal antibodies. The circulating hydatid antigen was found in 270 out of the 273 samples with hydatidosis, with a sensitivity of 98.9% (270/273), a specificity of 94.9% (296/312) and a diagnostic efficacy of 96.8%. Regarding the cross reactivity, anti-Echinococcus GlAb IgG showed a low cross-reactivity with Fasciola gigantica infected camel sera (3/8), and Myiasis (Cephalopina titillator larvae; 3/20). No cross-reactivity was recorded with uninfected camel sera (negative sera for E. granulosus), and no cross-reactivity was found with antigens of Eimeria spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium sp., and Hyalomma dromedarii (ticks' infestation). Then, Sandwich ELISA was conducted again to detect E. granulosus antigen in all the collected camel sera, which resulted in a 48.7% (286/587) positive rate of CE compared to 46.5% (273/587) using a postmortem inspection (PM diagnosis) (p = 0.5, Chi Square = 0.302). In conclusion, the Sandwich ELISA technique introduced in this study appears to be a sufficiently sensitive diagnostic assay for the detection of camels' echinococcosis using anti-Echinococcus GlAb IgG. In addition, it might offer a significant medical and veterinary importance in helping the early detection of hydatidosis, as well as its early treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I. Toaleb
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (N.I.T.); (K.N.A.M.)
| | - Dina Aboelsoued
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (N.I.T.); (K.N.A.M.)
| | - Kadria N. Abdel Megeed
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (N.I.T.); (K.N.A.M.)
| | - Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rezaei R, Sadidi H, Taqanaki PB. Tension pneumothorax caused by the ruptured hydatid cyst of the lung. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e07542. [PMID: 37426682 PMCID: PMC10323720 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydatid cyst disease puts a significant burden on the health of humans every year. The lung is the second most common organ of implantation of Echinococcus larvae. Due to the importance of early diagnosis of tension pneumothorax, this paper provides four cases of hydatid disease that presented with tension pneumothorax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezaei
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Ghaem HospitalMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Sadidi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ghaem HospitalMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paduraru AA, Lupu MA, Lighezan R, Pavel R, Cretu OM, Olariu TR. Seroprevalence of Anti- Echinococcus granulosus Antibodies and Risk Factors for Infection in Blood Donors from Western Romania. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:871. [PMID: 37109399 PMCID: PMC10143201 DOI: 10.3390/life13040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide-distributed zoonotic parasitic disease. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors potentially associated with Echinococcus granulosus in healthy blood donors from Timis County, an endemic region in Western Romania. Serum samples were collected from 1347 Romanian blood donors. Serologic tests to determine the presence of anti-Echinococcus antibodies were performed using an anti-Echinococcus-ELISA immunoassay. Anti-Echinococcus antibodies were detected in 38 blood donors, indicating an overall seroprevalence of 2.8%. The seropositivity rate was 3.7% in females and 3.1% in blood donors residing in urban areas. The highest seropositivity was found in the age group of 31-40 years (3.6%). There were no significant differences between Echinococcus seropositivity and gender, area of residence, age, contact with dogs, or raising sheep. This serologic survey evaluated for the first time the presence of Echinococcus antibodies in healthy blood donors from Western Romania and the potential risk factors associated with echinococcosis. Our results suggest that this zoonotic infection might evolve asymptomatically in apparently healthy individuals. Further studies should be conducted in the general population to estimate the true extent of human echinococcosis and its risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alexandra Paduraru
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Alina Lupu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Rodica Lighezan
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Blood Transfusion Center, 300737 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Radu Pavel
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Discipline of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Discipline of Surgical Semiology I and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery I, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- General Surgery Clinic, Municipal Clinical Emergency Teaching Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Rares Olariu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Teaching Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Unveiling the incidences and trends of the neglected zoonosis cystic echinococcosis in Europe: a systematic review from the MEmE project. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e95-e107. [PMID: 36427513 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The neglected zoonosis cystic echinococcosis affects mainly pastoral and rural communities in both low-income and upper-middle-income countries. In Europe, it should be regarded as an orphan and rare disease. Although human cystic echinococcosis is a notifiable parasitic infectious disease in most European countries, in practice it is largely under-reported by national health systems. To fill this gap, we extracted data on the number, incidence, and trend of human cases in Europe through a systematic review approach, using both the scientific and grey literature and accounting for the period of publication from 1997 to 2021. The highest number of possible human cases at the national level was calculated from various data sources to generate a descriptive model of human cystic echinococcosis in Europe. We identified 64 745 human cystic echinococcosis cases from 40 European countries. The mean annual incidence from 1997 to 2020 throughout Europe was 0·64 cases per 100 000 people and in EU member states was 0·50 cases per 100 000 people. Based on incidence rates and trends detected in this study, the current epicentre of cystic echinococcosis in Europe is in the southeastern European countries, whereas historical endemic European Mediterranean countries have recorded a decrease in the number of cases over the time.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vasconcelos Miranda TA, Tsuchiya K, Lucato LT. Imaging of Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:125-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
19
|
Xu J, Song G, Xiong M, Zhang Y, Sanlang B, Long G, Wang R. Prediction of the potential suitable habitat of Echinococcus granulosus, the pathogen of echinococcosis, in the Tibetan Plateau under future climate scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21404-21415. [PMID: 36269480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic infectious disease caused by human or domestic animals infected with Echinococcus granulosus. China is the country with the heaviest disease burden caused by Echinococcosis in the world. Therefore, it is feasible to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of echinococcosis using relevant ecological methods, combined with environmental factors and human activities. In this study, MaxEnt was used to predict the distribution range of E. granulosus in China under current and future climate scenarios and explain the impact of environmental variables on its distribution. The results showed that elevation (El), annual mean temperature (bio1), human footprint (Hf), annual precipitation (bio12), mean temperature of warmest quarter (bio10), and mean temperature of wettest quarter (bio8) were identified as the dominant environmental variables. In Tibet, the most suitable habitats (25.9 × 104 km2) of E. granulosus were distributed in Nyingchi and Qamdo in the east, Shigatse and Shannan in the south, and Ali in the west. In Sichuan, the most suitable habitat (18.83 × 104 km2) was located in Aba, Ganzi, and Liangshan. In Qinghai, the most suitable habitat (13.05 × 104 km2) mainly included Yushu in the southwest; Guoluo in the southeast; Haidong, Huangnan, Xining, and Hainan in the east; and Haixi in the west. In Gansu, the most suitable habitat (7.36 × 104 km2) was located in Gannan and Linxia in the southwest and Wuwei and Dingxi in the middle. In Yunnan, the most suitable habitat (1.53 × 104 km2) was distributed in Diqing in the northwest. Under future climate scenarios, the area of the most suitable habitat of E. granulosus showed an obvious expansion trend, with an increase of 44.64-70.76%. Trajectory trend of centroids showed that the most suitable habitat would move to the west in the future, and the increased areas were mainly located in the west of the current most suitable habitat. AUC values of the training data and test data were 0.936 ± 0.001 ~ 0.97 ± 0.006 and 0.912 ± 0.006 ~ 0.956 ± 0.015, respectively. The result can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention, monitoring, and early warning of echinococcosis in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Xu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Song
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Xiong
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bamu Sanlang
- Department of Medicine, the People's Hospital of Dege, Ganzi, 627250, People's Republic of China
| | - Ga Long
- Department of Medicine, the People's Hospital of Dege, Ganzi, 627250, People's Republic of China
| | - Rulin Wang
- Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
García-Alvarez F, Estella R, Albareda J. Non-vertebral hydatidosis in bone: Difficulties in management. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2023; 34:58-62. [PMID: 36700264 PMCID: PMC9903126 DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents our experience in surgical treatment of extravertebral bone hydatidosis and aims to investigate the utility of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1990 and December 2019, a total of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females; mean age: 47.2±14.7 years; range, 27 to 71 years) with non-vertebral bone hydatidosis surgically treated in our hospital were retrospectively included. Curettage or wide resection was performed in all cases, followed by medical antihelminthic therapy. Specific IgE p2 was studied in seven patients during and at final follow-up. RESULTS At the time of diagnosis, secondary infection of the cyst was observed as the initial symptom in two patients mimicking an abscess and, in both cases, more surgeries were required without final healing. In two cases, over five specific IgE presented a false negative at the time of diagnosis and it was not correlated with clinical evolution in three cases over seven. In six cases, diagnosis was obtained before surgery. In treatment, pelvic disease had the worst prognosis (none healed) and bacterial overinfection was a common complication after surgery. At the final follow-up, only two femoral cases (20%) were free of disease. Other four cases (three in iliac bone, one in proximal femur) needed several surgeries without healing. The other four patients showed no progression or refused a new surgical treatment. CONCLUSION Location, bone defect, when it is possible to perform a radical surgery, and associated bacterial overinfection after surgery make cystic hydatidosis in bone an infection very difficult to treat definitively in humans. Negative specific IgE does not exclude bone hydatidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felícito García-Alvarez
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50.009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rubén Estella
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Clínico “Lozano Blesa”, Zaragoza, Spain
,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Albareda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Clínico “Lozano Blesa”, Zaragoza, Spain
,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
,
Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marchiori E, Obber F, Celva R, Marcer F, Danesi P, Maurizio A, Cenni L, Massolo A, Citterio CV, Cassini R. Comparing copromicroscopy to intestinal scraping to monitor red fox intestinal helminths with zoonotic and veterinary importance. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1085996. [PMID: 36713854 PMCID: PMC9878611 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1085996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The red fox acts as reservoir for several helminthic infections which are of interest for both public and animal health. Huge efforts have been made for the assessment of the sensitivity of coprological tests for the detection of Echinococcus multilocularis, while less attention has been paid to other helminthic species. This study aimed at assessing the performance of two copromicroscopic techniques in the detection and prevalence estimation of gastrointestinal helminths in the red fox. Helminths were isolated from the small intestines of 150 red foxes from Bolzano province, Italy, with a scraping, filtration and counting technique (SFCT) and morphologically identified. Rectal contents were collected and submitted to simple flotation (FT) and, only for Taenids, a method based on the concentration of eggs and identification with multiplex PCR (CMPCR). Using SFCT as a reference standard, we estimated the sensitivity of the copromicroscopic tests. Three species of nematodes (namely, Toxocara canis, Uncinaria stenocephala and Pterygodermatites sp.) and five species of cestodes (E. multilocularis, Taenia crassiceps, T. polycantha, Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Mesocestoides sp.) were identified with SFCT, whereas eggs referable to the same taxa were detected with fecal diagnostics, except for Pterygodermatites sp. and Mesocestoides sp. The sensitivity of FT was low for all taxa, ranging from 9.8 to 36.3%, with lower values for Taeniidae. CMPCR was confirmed to perform better for the detection of Taeniidae eggs (23.5%) and the multiplex PCR on retrieved eggs was effective in the identification of the species. A meta-analysis of literature also suggested that our results are consistent with existing data, indicating that copromicroscopy tends to underestimate the prevalence of helminthic infections. The extent of such underestimation varies with taxon, being higher at high prevalence levels, in particular for cestodes. Irregular dynamics of egg shedding, and routine deep freezing of red fox feces may explain the frequency of false negatives with copromicroscopy. Low sensitivity of copromicroscopic tests should be accounted for when estimating prevalence and when defining the correct sample size for the detection of the parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Marchiori
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy,*Correspondence: Erica Marchiori ✉
| | - Federica Obber
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Roberto Celva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Federica Marcer
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Patrizia Danesi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Anna Maurizio
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Lucia Cenni
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massolo
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy,Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Rudi Cassini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dărăbuș G, Bușe A, Oprescu I, Morariu S, Mederle N, Ilie M, Imre M. Investigation on Descriptive Epidemiology, Geographical Distribution, and Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus s.l. in Bovine from Romania. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120685. [PMID: 36548848 PMCID: PMC9788002 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution, causing significant economic losses in the affected animals and important public health concerns. The aim of the current study was to investigate the presence and geographical distribution of cystic echinococcosis, and molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus s.l. from slaughtered cattle in Romania. In the period 2020−2021, a total of 2693 cattle (aged 2−21 years) slaughtered from the breeds Bruna de Maramureș, Bălțată Românească, and a mixed breed were examined to identify hydatid cysts. Cysts were identified in 66 cattle (2.45%). The predominant location of hydatid cysts was the lungs. Most cysts were non-fertile. By age categories, hydatidosis was reported in the age categories 2−12 years (6/2341; 0.25%), 13−16 years (11/244; 4.5%), 17−20 years (41/85; 48.23%), and over 21 years (8/23; 34.78%). Following the PCR analysis of 10 samples from the lungs (protoscoleces/proliferative membrane/hydatid liquid), DNA fragments were identified in 5 samples. Following sequencing, the identified species was Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.). The study results indicate that the disease is still present in several of the investigated regions of Romania, highlighting a potential public health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirela Imre
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-256-277251; Fax: +40-256-277118
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hodžić A, Alić A, Spahić A, Harl J, Beck R. Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from animals and humans in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:457. [PMID: 36482478 PMCID: PMC9733143 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is recognized as one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, no systemic investigation of the genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato circulating among animals and humans in the country has been performed to date. METHODS In this preliminary study, we analysed one cyst each from 36 sheep, 27 cattle, 27 pigs, 11 wild boars and 16 human patients for amplification and partial sequencing of the adenosine triphosphate 6 (atp6) and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) genes. The host species, fertility rate and organ cyst location were recorded for each subject involved in the study. RESULTS Overall, the atp6 gene was successfully amplified and sequenced from 110 samples, while 96 of the PCRs for cox1 were positive. Three zoonotic genotypes of E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1 and G3) and Echinococcus canadensis (G7) were identified in our isolates based on analyses of the atp6 gene. These genotypes were represented by 11 different genetic variants (haplotypes), six of which were identified for the first time in the present study. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, that CE in Bosnia and Herzegovina is predominantly caused by E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis clusters, which exhibited a lower genetic diversity compared to isolates from other European countries. Further molecular studies employing other mitochondrial and nuclear genes are required to better understand the transmission cycles of E. granulosus sensu stricto among intermediate and definitive hosts in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Hodžić
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Division of Microbial Ecology (DoME), Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science (CMESS), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria ,grid.11869.370000000121848551Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amer Alić
- grid.11869.370000000121848551Department of Clinical Sciences of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amir Spahić
- Department of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital, 72270 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Josef Harl
- grid.6583.80000 0000 9686 6466Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Relja Beck
- grid.417625.30000 0004 0367 0309Laboratory for Parasitology, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Entezami M, Nocerino M, Widdicombe J, Bosco A, Cringoli G, Casulli A, Iacono GL, Rinaldi L, Prada JM. The spatial distribution of cystic echinococcosis in Italian ruminant farms from routine surveillance data. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1034572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasite caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) which predominantly affects livestock. The disease is endemic in central-southern and insular Italy, with CE particularly infecting sheep, goats, cattle, and water buffalo. The spatial distribution of CE in endemic regions is not widely understood, with surveillance efforts varying across the region.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of CE in livestock using samples from farms across different livestock species using a Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDE) model. Samples were collected during a survey conducted in the area of central-southern and insular Italy between the years 2019 – 2021.ResultsA total of 3141 animal samples (126 goats, 601 sheep and 2414 cattle and water buffalo) were inspected for Echinococcus s.l. cysts through routine surveillance in abattoirs by postmortem visual examination, palpation and incision of target organs. The geographic location of the farm of origin (a total of 2,878) for each sample was recorded. CE prevalence of 46.0% (1,323/2,878) was estimated at the farm level with 78.3% (462/590) of farms with sheep, 28.6% (36/126) of farms with goats, 36.5% (747/2,049) of farms with cattle, and 23.5% (102/434) of farms with water buffalo infected.DiscussionThe spatial model evaluated the probability of infection in farms across the sampled regions, with the distribution of CE showing high clustering of infected cattle farms in Sardinia and Sicily regions, and sheep farms in Salerno province (Campania region). The output of this study can be used to identify CE hot-spots and to improve surveillance and control programs in endemic areas of Italy.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lopes P, Gomes J, Cunha MV. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of municipal veterinary practitioners towards echinococcosis. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 34:100759. [PMID: 36041795 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are among the most relevant zoonoses in Europe. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato causing CE is the most significant foodborne parasite in South-Western Europe, followed by Echinococcus multilocularis, the etiological agent of AE. Among the challenges and opportunities highlighted in the literature to combat these diseases are the need to evaluate and increase awareness of stakeholders. In Portugal, Municipal Veterinary Practitioners (MVP) are the animal health authority at the municipality level, playing a crucial role in diagnosis, prevention and control of infectious diseases in animals, helping to mitigate transmission to humans. However, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards CE, as well as awareness of AE expansion across Europe, remain overlooked. In this work, a cross-sectional study was conducted for the first time in Portugal to bridge knowledge gaps concerning CE and AE, using an online self-administered questionnaire collecting information on the municipal kennel, KAP towards CE, and understanding of AE epidemiology. Eighty-three MVP from mainland and islands completed the questionnaire, with highest representability from the central-northern region. MVP had, on average, a medium to high level of knowledge of CE but acquaintance with AE was insufficient, although echinococcosis was frequently mentioned as target of health education sessions (77.0%). A high rate (60%) of reported entries into municipal kennels of stray dogs originating from countries with AE endemic areas was registered, suggesting that the presence of these potentially AE-infected stray dogs pose public health risks. Most kennels did not perform routine coprological analysis or faecal matter disinfection after dog internal deworming. The lack of proper training and well-conceived written plans of infection control and prevention were evidenced in several kennels. Altogether, our findings highlight the need to update knowledge and practice of MVP under the One Health approach, through reinforced education, training and communication involving all stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lopes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yakubu RA, Nock IH, Ndams IS, Luka SA, Yaro CA, Alkazmi L, Batiha GES. Detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cysts and seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and camels in Maiduguri Abattoir. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:876-888. [PMID: 36091268 PMCID: PMC9458832 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease of great importance worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antigenic profile of Echinococcus cysts (CE cysts) in camels and cattle. The lungs, livers, hearts, and kidneys of 560 animals, comprising 304 camels and 256 cattle slaughtered in the Maiduguri abattoir, were examined for CE. Blood samples were collected for serology. Protein profiles of CE fluids were analyzed using indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay while Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to characterize the electrophoretic pattern of different CE cyst fluid samples. The overall prevalence of CE was 8.4%, 14.14% (95% CI = 10.65-18.54%) in camels and 1.60% (95% CI = 0.46-4.09%) in cattle. Adult camels 41 (16.21%) (95% CI = 12.15-21.27%) had a higher prevalence than the young camels 2 (3.92%) (95% CI = 0.33-13.97%) (p = 0.038). In cattle, only adults 4 (2.0%) had cysts. Higher prevalence of CE was recorded in male 22 (16.42%) (95% CI = 11.03-23.68%) than female 21 (12.35%) (95% CI = 8.16-18.21%) camels [p = 0.399] while only female cattle 3 (2.2%) had cysts. Higher prevalence of CE was recorded in the livers of 34 (11.18%) (95% CI = 8.08-15.25%) than in the lungs 25 (8.22%) (95% CI = 5.59-11.90%) of camels [p = 0.273]. Of the 47 cysts collected, 43 (91.49%) and 4 (8.51%) were from camels and cattle, respectively. A total of 18 (38.30%) fertile, 17 (36.17%) non-fertile, and 12 (25.53%) calcified cysts were recovered in animals. Overall seroprevalence of 52.63% (95% CI = 47.02-58.18%) and 35.55% (95% CI = 29.93-41.59%) were observed in camels and cattle in this study. The SDS-PAGE of camel CE cyst fluids revealed protein bands at 64kda, 91kda, 160kda, and 200kda molecular units while the purified cyst fluids revealed bands at 64kda, 91kda, 120kda, 160kda, and 200kda. Regular meat inspections and the exclusion of dogs from abattoir premises are strongly encouraged. Investigation into local prevailing factors encouraging transmission should be carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Arin Yakubu
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Ishaya Haruna Nock
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Iliya Shehu Ndams
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - Clement Ameh Yaro
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Nigeria
| | - Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shams M, Khazaei S, Naserifar R, Shariatzadeh SA, Anvari D, Montazeri F, Pirestani M, Majidiani H. Global distribution of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in domestic and wild canids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitology 2022; 149:1147-1159. [PMID: 35591776 PMCID: PMC11010506 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the genotypic distribution of canine echinococcosis worldwide. Studies published from the inception until 21 May 2021 were screened, relevant articles were selected and the random-effect model was used to draw forest plots with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Totally, 44 articles were included, mostly examined dogs (37 records), followed by wolf (8 records), jackal (7 records), fox (3 records), pump fox (3 records) and coyote (1 record). Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1–G3) and G6/7 cluster of Echinococcus canadensis were the most common genotypes among canids. Most studies were conducted in Asia and Europe with 17 and 15 datasets, respectively. Exclusively, Iran possessed the highest number of studies (10 records). Meta-analysis showed that the pooled molecular prevalence of echinococcosis was 33.82% (95% CI 24.50–43.83%). Also, the highest and lowest prevalence of canine echinococcosis was calculated for South America (66.03%; 95% CI 25.67–95.85%) and Europe (19.01%; 95% CI 9.95–30.16%). Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between the global prevalence of echinococcosis in canines and publication year, continent, country, sample type, host and molecular test. These findings will elevate our knowledge on the poorly known canine echinococcosis worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sasan Khazaei
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razi Naserifar
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Anvari
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Montazeri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pirestani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bajdechi M, Manolache D, Tudor A, Orghidan M, Gurghean A. Cardiac hydatid cysts in a young man: A case report and a literature review. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:550. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Bajdechi
- Department 1, Medical Semiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dalia Manolache
- Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, ‘Marius Nasta’ Institute of Pneumology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Tudor
- Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, ‘Marius Nasta’ Institute of Pneumology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Orghidan
- Department 1, Medical Semiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Gurghean
- Department 1, Medical Semiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
A highly endemic area of Echinococcus multilocularis identified through a comparative re-assessment of prevalence in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Alto Adige (Italy: 2019–2020). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268045. [PMID: 35511816 PMCID: PMC9070940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of Echinococcus multilocularis at the edge of its range is hindered by fragmented distributional patterns and low prevalence in definitive hosts. Thus, tests with adequate levels of sensitivity are especially important for discriminating between infected and non-infected areas. In this study we reassessed the prevalence of E. multilocularis at the southern border of its distribution in Province of Bolzano (Alto Adige, northeastern Alps, Italy), to improve surveillance in wildlife and provide more accurate estimates of exposure risk. We compared the diagnostic test currently implemented for surveillance based on coproscopy and multiplex PCR (CMPCR) to a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 235 fox faeces collected in 2019 and 2020. The performances of the two tests were estimated using a scraping technique (SFCT) applied to the small intestines of a subsample (n = 123) of the same foxes as the reference standard. True prevalence was calculated and the sample size required by each faecal test for the detection of the parasite was then estimated. True prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes (14.3%) was markedly higher than reported in the last decade, which was never more than 5% from 2012 to 2018 in the same area. In addition, qPCR showed a much higher sensitivity (83%) compared to CMPCR (21%) and agreement with the reference standard was far higher for qPCR (0.816) than CMPCR (0.298) meaning that for the latter protocol, a smaller sample size would be required to detect the disease. Alto Adige should be considered a highly endemic area. Routine surveillance on definitive hosts at the edges of the E. multilocularis distribution should be applied to smaller geographic areas, and rapid, sensitive diagnostic tools using directly host faeces, such as qPCR, should be adopted.
Collapse
|
30
|
Vázquez-Pérez Á, Santos-Pérez JL. Cystic echinococcosis in a Moroccan boy: a silent and neglected disease among refugee and migrant children. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e246399. [PMID: 35110281 PMCID: PMC8811558 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the unusual case of a 5-year-old migrant boy from a rural area of Morocco with an almost-giant lung hydatid cyst that was an incidental finding on a chest X-ray performed during routine visa procedures. Echinococcus granulosus serology test was initially negative with subsequent positive seroconversion. Albendazole was started at 4 weeks before surgery and maintained for 4 months, with a favourable outcome. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered a neglected tropical disease and affects more than one million people worldwide, mostly from a lower socioeconomic background. Preventive measures have been limited in underdeveloped regions. Children with CE are especially vulnerable, due not only to the high pathogenic potential of the disease but also to their frequent involvement in challenging socioeconomic situations, including migration. The incidence of CE is increasing in Europe because of high immigration flows from endemic countries. Nevertheless, CE is not covered by current migrant screening protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Luis Santos-Pérez
- Paediatrics, Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Z, Yin B. Alterations in the Gut Microbial Composition and Diversity of Tibetan Sheep Infected With Echinococcus granulosus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:778789. [PMID: 35097041 PMCID: PMC8792969 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.778789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatidosis/cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a parasitic zoonotic disease worldwide, threatening animal health and production and public health safety. However, it is still unclear that whether E. granulosus infection can result in the alteration of gut microbiota in Tibetan sheep. Therefore, a study was designed to investigate the influences of E. granulosus infection on gut microbiota of Tibetan sheep. A total of 10 ovine small intestinal contents (five from healthy and five from infected) were obtained and subjected to high-throughput sequencing by MiSeq platform. A total of 2,395,641 sequences and 585 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all samples. Moreover, the proportions of Armatimonadetes and Firmicutes in the infected Tibetan sheep were significantly decreased, whereas Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria had significantly increased. At the genus level, the Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group were the predominant bacterial genera in all the samples. Furthermore, the healthy Tibetan sheep exhibited higher abundances of Intestinimonas, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Ruminococcaceae, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Oxobacter, Prevotella_1, Ruminiclostridium_6, Coprococcus_1, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-002, Olsenella, and Acetitomaculum, whereas Kocuria, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Slackia, Achromobacter, and Stenotrophomonas levels were lower. In conclusion, our results conveyed an information that E. granulosus infection may cause an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Additionally, a significant dynamical change in gut microbiota could be associated with E. granulosus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
- Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Liu
| | - Baishuang Yin
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Jilin Province, Jilin, China
- Baishuang Yin
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Morelli S, Diakou A, Di Cesare A, Colombo M, Traversa D. Canine and Feline Parasitology: Analogies, Differences, and Relevance for Human Health. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0026620. [PMID: 34378954 PMCID: PMC8404700 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00266-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats and dogs are treated as family members by most pet owners. Therefore, a high quality of veterinary care and preventive medicine is imperative for animal health and welfare and for the protection of humans from zoonotic pathogens. There is a general perception of cats being treated as "small dogs," especially in the field of clinical parasitology. As a result, several important differences between the two animal species are not taken into proper consideration and are often overlooked. Dogs and cats are profoundly different under evolutionary, biological, ethological, behavioral, and immunological standpoints. These differences impact clinical features, diagnosis, and control of canine and feline parasites and transmission risk for humans. This review outlines the most common parasitoses and vector-borne diseases of dogs and cats, with a focus on major convergences and divergences, and discusses parasites that have (i) evolved based on different preys for dogs and cats, (ii) adapted due to different immunological or behavioral animal profiles, and (iii) developed more similarities than differences in canine and feline infections and associated diseases. Differences, similarities, and peculiarities of canine and feline parasitology are herein reviewed in three macrosections: (i) carnivorism, vegetarianism, anatomy, genetics, and parasites, (ii) evolutionary adaptation of nematodes, including veterinary reconsideration and zoonotic importance, and (iii) behavior and immune system driving ectoparasites and transmitted diseases. Emphasis is given to provide further steps toward a more accurate evaluation of canine and feline parasitology in a changing world in terms of public health relevance and One Health approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Morelli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anastasia Diakou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angela Di Cesare
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Donato Traversa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahmed F, Cappai MG, Morrone S, Cavallo L, Berlinguer F, Dessì G, Tamponi C, Scala A, Varcasia A. Raw meat based diet (RMBD) for household pets as potential door opener to parasitic load of domestic and urban environment. Revival of understated zoonotic hazards? A review. One Health 2021; 13:100327. [PMID: 34584928 PMCID: PMC8455362 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RMBD (acronym of Raw Meat Based Diet) and BARF diets (acronym for Biologically Appropriate Raw Food or Bones and Raw Food) account dietary regimens based on raw ingredients (including raw meat), popular in pet feeding. Animal tissues and organs as well as other uncooked ingredients are more and more popularly used by pet owners to feed household pets. However, the increased risk of exposure to microbiological and parasitic agents poses the question as to whether such diets may be recommendable to be handled and offered to domestic cats and dogs co-living in domestic and urban environment. Above all, the threat of human and animal infections by parasites from raw meat fed to pets is not sufficiently explored and tracked, meanwhile deserving particular surveillance, instead. At this regard, raw meat feeding to pets may represent a route of exposure to the increased risk of environmental load. In fact, some parasites typically found in rural environment can be given the chance to complete their life-cycle, for the closeness between definitive and intermediate hosts. This is of particular concern, as potentially infected pets serving as definitive hosts can become a continuous source of environmental diffusion of parasites, both at domestic and urban level. The handling of raw meat requires adequate knowledge and awareness of the hygienic principles to prevent the onset of disorders related to both manipulation by pet owners and uncooked food consumption by the pet. This review aimed to shed a comprehensive overview of the hygienic aspects related to raw pet feeding, as to handling of raw meat in domestic environment, with special emphasis on parasitic agents and related zoonotic hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ahmed
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Morrone
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Lia Cavallo
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Berlinguer
- Chair of Animal Physiology of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Benecke J, Benecke C, Ciutan M, Dosius M, Vladescu C, Olsavszky V. Retrospective analysis and time series forecasting with automated machine learning of ascariasis, enterobiasis and cystic echinococcosis in Romania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009831. [PMID: 34723982 PMCID: PMC8584970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of neglected tropical diseases (NTD) is persistently underprioritized, despite NTD being widespread among the poorest populations and in the least developed countries on earth. This situation necessitates thorough and efficient public health intervention. Romania is at the brink of becoming a developed country. However, this South-Eastern European country appears to be a region that is susceptible to an underestimated burden of parasitic diseases despite recent public health reforms. Moreover, there is an evident lack of new epidemiologic data on NTD after Romania's accession to the European Union (EU) in 2007. Using the national ICD-10 dataset for hospitalized patients in Romania, we generated time series datasets for 2008-2018. The objective was to gain deep understanding of the epidemiological distribution of three selected and highly endemic parasitic diseases, namely, ascariasis, enterobiasis and cystic echinococcosis (CE), during this period and forecast their courses for the ensuing two years. Through descriptive and inferential analysis, we observed a decline in case numbers for all three NTD. Several distributional particularities at regional level emerged. Furthermore, we performed predictions using a novel automated time series (AutoTS) machine learning tool and could interestingly show a stable course for these parasitic NTD. Such predictions can help public health officials and medical organizations to implement targeted disease prevention and control. To our knowledge, this is the first study involving a retrospective analysis of ascariasis, enterobiasis and CE on a nationwide scale in Romania. It is also the first to use AutoTS technology for parasitic NTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Benecke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cornelius Benecke
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marius Ciutan
- National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Dosius
- National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Vladescu
- National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania
- University Titu Maiorescu, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cassini R, Canali M, Tamarozzi F, Angheben A, Capelli G, Gobbi F, Legnardi M, Brichese M, Napoletano G, Cestaro F, Casulli A, Drigo M, Aragrande M. A One-Health evaluation of the burden of cystic echinococcosis and its prevention costs: Case study from a hypo-endemic area in Italy. One Health 2021; 13:100320. [PMID: 34504939 PMCID: PMC8413884 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated model, based on a One Health approach, was implemented to estimate the epidemiological and economic outcomes of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Veneto region, an hypo-endemic area of Northern Italy, and the costs for its prevention. Data and information needed to populate the model were retrieved from published literature, official statistics, expert opinions, or actively searched through data mining (i.e., Hospital and slaughterhouse data), when fundamental data were not available. Human-health and animal-health costs, both public and private, were considered. The overall impact of CE in the study area was estimated in an yearly cost of about 0.5 million €, due to an average of 19.5 human hospitalized cases and about 200 infected animals among cattle and sheep, per year. The human:animal costs ratio was about 8:1. Most of the infected animals were autochthonous, while the identification of an autochthonous source of the infection for the human cases was extremely difficult, and unlikely in most cases. No specific action resulted to be in place for human surveillance, while veterinary surveillance accounted for a yearly cost of about 22,000 €. Sheepherders were found to pay privately an overall amount of around 2000 € for the preventive treatment of their dogs every year, but the applied protocol proved to be sub-optimal. The source of most of the human cases was likely external to the study area, and their economic impact accounts for a cost that is far exceeding that of surveillance and preventive actions in place in the veterinary sector. Although autochthonous human cases appeared to be very rare, the strengthening of preventive actions and surveillance systems can reduce the risk of their increment. The study integrated epidemiology and economic aspects in a One Health perspective. The research estimates in detail the overall impact of CE in a hypo-endemic region in Italy. The study provided data for evidence-based actions to control CE in the study area. The investigated case study represents a reproducible model for zoonotic diseases evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Cassini
- Dept. Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Massimo Canali
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Dept. of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro-Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A Sempreboni, 5, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, VR, Italy
| | - Andrea Angheben
- Dept. of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro-Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A Sempreboni, 5, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, VR, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Federico Gobbi
- Dept. of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro-Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A Sempreboni, 5, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, VR, Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Dept. Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Michele Brichese
- Veneto Region, Prevention and Public Health, Dorsoduro 3493, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Cestaro
- Azienda ULSS 9 Scaligera (Local Health Unit), Prevention Department, Via Valverde 42, 37122 Verona, Italy
| | - Adriano Casulli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.,European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Dept. Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Maurizio Aragrande
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Free-Living Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) from Portugal. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061256. [PMID: 34207738 PMCID: PMC8228001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide. It is considered endemic in Portugal but few studies have been performed on Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and their hosts. In this study, CE cysts are reported for the first time in a free-living wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal. The presence of the metacestodes in the liver of the wild boar was identified by morphological features, microscopic examination and molecular analysis. The sequencing of part of the DNA nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region revealed a G5 genotype that presently corresponds to Echinococcus ortleppi. This is the first report of E. ortleppi in Portugal and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, in Europe. These results suggest that wild boar may be a host of CE, namely, crossing the livestock–wildlife interface, which has important public health implications. Wildlife reservoirs must be taken into account as CE hosts and surveillance of game as well as health education for hunters should be implemented using a One Health approach, with implementation of feasible and tailor-made control strategies, namely, proper elimination of byproducts in the field.
Collapse
|
37
|
Barlaam A, Temesgen TT, Tysnes KR, Rinaldi L, Ferrari N, Sannella AR, Normanno G, Cacciò SM, Robertson LJ, Giangaspero A. Contamination of fresh produce sold on the Italian market with Cyclospora cayetanensis and Echinococcus multilocularis. Food Microbiol 2021; 98:103792. [PMID: 33875219 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the presence of Cyclospora cayetanensis, Toxoplasma gondii and Echinococcus spp. in fresh produce sold in Italy, 324 locally produced 'ready-to-eat' (RTE) mixed-salad packages belonging to three brands and 324 berries packages (blueberries and blackberries imported from Peru and Mexico, respectively, and raspberries grown in Italy) were purchased at retail. Nine individual packages from each of the six types of fresh produce were collected monthly for one year, and with the same produce pooled, this resulted in a total of 72 pools for the whole year. Using microscopy (FLOTAC), a Cyclospora-like oocyst was detected in a blueberry sample and a taeniid egg was detected in a RTE-salad sample. Molecular tools confirmed these to be C. cayetanensis and Echinococcus multilocularis, respectively. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected in any of the samples. This study shows for the first time in Europe that imported berries on the Italian market may be contaminated with C. cayetanensis and RTE salads grown in Italy with E. multilocularis. The results indicate a new epidemiological scenario and highlight that current management of fresh produce, locally produced or imported, does not ensure products are free from parasite contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Barlaam
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Tamirat T Temesgen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristoffer R Tysnes
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna R Sannella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Normanno
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Simone M Cacciò
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annunziata Giangaspero
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Genchi M, Vismarra A, Favilli A, Bonilauri P, Prati P, Ciuca L, Passeri B, Armando F, Kramer L. First report of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotype G6/G7 in domestic pigs from mainland Italy. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 23:100536. [PMID: 33678389 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE; Echinococcus spp.) is widespread in many domestic animal species in Italy, with the G1-G3 genotype predominating. The G7 genotype ("pig strain"), which is much less common, has only been reported in pigs and wild boar from the island of Sardinia and in wild boars from southern mainland Italy. Ten pig livers with hydatid cysts were identified in a slaughterhouse in northwestern Italy. Multiplex PCR for Echinococcus granulosus gave positive results for two of these and subsequent sequencing confirmed the species as Echinococcus granulosusu s.l. G6/G7. Affected pigs came from an intensive farm in northeastern Italy. This is, to the authors' knowledge, the first report of CE by Echinococcus granulosusu s.l. G6/G7 in the domestic pig in mainland Italy. E. granulosus s.l. G6/G7 is zoonotic and its circulation in Italy should be of concern for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Genchi
- Università di Parma, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Vismarra
- Università di Parma, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Favilli
- Agenzia di Tutela della Salute (ATS) di Pavia, Dipartimento Veterinario e Sicurezza degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paola Prati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Pavia, Italy
| | - Lavinia Ciuca
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Napoli, Italy
| | - Benedetta Passeri
- Università di Parma, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Anatomia Patologica, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Armando
- Università di Parma, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Anatomia Patologica, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Kramer
- Università di Parma, Dip. Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|