1
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Allegra A, Caserta S, Genovese S, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1255. [PMID: 37371985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic, developmental, biochemical, and environmental variables interact intricately to produce sex differences. The significance of sex differences in cancer susceptibility is being clarified by numerous studies. Epidemiological research and cancer registries have revealed over the past few years that there are definite sex variations in cancer incidence, progression, and survival. However, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also have a significant impact on the response to treatment of neoplastic diseases. Young women may be more protected from cancer than men because most of the proteins implicated in the regulation of redox state and mitochondrial function are under the control of sexual hormones. In this review, we describe how sexual hormones control the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria, as well as how they affect several neoplastic diseases. The molecular pathways that underlie the gender-related discrepancies in cancer that have been identified may be better understood, which may lead to more effective precision medicine and vital information on treatment options for both males and females with neoplastic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Genovese
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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2
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Zhai C, Lonergan SM, Huff-Lonergan EJ, Johnson LG, Brown K, Prenni JE, N Nair M. Lipid Peroxidation Products Influence Calpain-1 Functionality In Vitro by Covalent Binding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7836-7846. [PMID: 37167568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA), hexenal, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), on calpain-1 function, and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identification of adducts on calpain-1. Calpain-1 activity slightly increased after incubation with 100 μM MDA but not with 500 and 1000 μM MDA. However, calpain-1 activity was lowered by hexenal and HNE at 100, 500, and 1000 μM. No difference in calpain-1 autolysis was observed between the control and 1000 μM MDA. However, 1000 μM hexenal and HNE treatments slowed the calpain-1 autolysis. Adducts of MDA were detected on glutamine, arginine, lysine, histidine, and asparagine residues via Schiff base formation, while HNE adducts were detected on histidine, lysine, glutamine, and asparagine residues via Michael addition. These results are the first to demonstrate that lipid peroxidation products can impact calpain-1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner and may impact the development of meat tenderness postmortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Zhai
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Steven M Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Logan G Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kitty Brown
- Analytical Resources Core-Bioanalysis & Omics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Mahesh N Nair
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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3
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Forder A, Zhuang R, Souza VGP, Brockley LJ, Pewarchuk ME, Telkar N, Stewart GL, Benard K, Marshall EA, Reis PP, Lam WL. Mechanisms Contributing to the Comorbidity of COPD and Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032859. [PMID: 36769181 PMCID: PMC9918127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often co-occur, and individuals with COPD are at a higher risk of developing lung cancer. While the underlying mechanism for this risk is not well understood, its major contributing factors have been proposed to include genomic, immune, and microenvironment dysregulation. Here, we review the evidence and significant studies that explore the mechanisms underlying the heightened lung cancer risk in people with COPD. Genetic and epigenetic changes, as well as the aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs, predispose the lung epithelium to carcinogenesis by altering the expression of cancer- and immune-related genes. Oxidative stress generated by tobacco smoking plays a role in reducing genomic integrity, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, and generating a chronic inflammatory environment. This leads to abnormal immune responses that promote cancer development, though not all smokers develop lung cancer. Sex differences in the metabolism of tobacco smoke predispose females to developing COPD and accumulating damage from oxidative stress that poses a risk for the development of lung cancer. Dysregulation of the lung microenvironment and microbiome contributes to chronic inflammation, which is observed in COPD and known to facilitate cancer initiation in various tumor types. Further, there is a need to better characterize and identify the proportion of individuals with COPD who are at a high risk for developing lung cancer. We evaluate possible novel and individualized screening strategies, including biomarkers identified in genetic studies and exhaled breath condensate analysis. We also discuss the use of corticosteroids and statins as chemopreventive agents to prevent lung cancer. It is crucial that we optimize the current methods for the early detection and management of lung cancer and COPD in order to improve the health outcomes for a large affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Forder
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rebecca Zhuang
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vanessa G P Souza
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Liam J Brockley
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michelle E Pewarchuk
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nikita Telkar
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Greg L Stewart
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katya Benard
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Patricia P Reis
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Wan L Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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4
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Jaganjac M, Zarkovic N. Lipid Peroxidation Linking Diabetes and Cancer: The Importance of 4-Hydroxynonenal. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1222-1233. [PMID: 36242098 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: It is commonly believed that diabetes mellitus may be associated with cancer. Hence, diabetic patients are at higher risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer, but the mechanisms that may link these two severe diseases are not well understood. Recent Advances: A number of factors have been suggested to promote tumorigenesis in diabetic patients, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may also promote pro-oxidants, and thereby alter redox homeostasis. The consequent oxidative stress associated with lipid peroxidation appears to be a possible pathogenic link between cancer and diabetes. Critical Issues: Having summarized the above aspects of diabetes and cancer pathology, we propose that the major bioactive product of oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which is also considered a second messenger of free radicals, may be the key pathogenic factor linking diabetes and cancer. Future Directions: Because the bioactivities of 4-HNE are cell-type and concentration-dependent, are often associated with inflammation, and are involved in signaling processes that regulate antioxidant activities, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, we believe that further research in this direction could reveal options for better control of diabetes and cancer. Controlling the production of 4-HNE to avoid its cytotoxicity to normal but not cancer cells while preventing its diabetogenic activities could be an important aspect of modern integrative biomedicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1222-1233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morana Jaganjac
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Jia C, Hu F, Lu D, Jin H, Lu H, Xue E, Wu D. Formononetin inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in human chondrocytes and slows the progression of osteoarthritis in rat model via the regulation of PTEN/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Cui L, Qu Y, Cai H, Wang H, Dong J, Li J, Qian C, Li J. Meloxicam Inhibited the Proliferation of LPS-Stimulated Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Through Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:637707. [PMID: 34307514 PMCID: PMC8299055 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.637707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and has been used to relieve pain and control inflammation in cows with metritis and endometritis. Meloxicam has been found to be effective in inhibiting tissue or cell growth when it is used as an anti-inflammatory therapy. However, the influence of meloxicam on bovine endometrial regeneration has not been reported. This study was to research the effect of meloxicam (0.5 and 5 μM) on the proliferation of primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) stimulated by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The cell viability, cell cycle, and cell proliferation were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and cell scratch test, respectively. The mRNA transcriptions of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1) and PTGS2, Toll-like receptor 4, and proliferation factors were detected using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The activations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were determined using western blot and immunofluorescence. As a result, co-treatment of meloxicam and lipopolysaccharide inhibited (P < 0.05) the cell cycle progression and reduced (P < 0.05) the cell healing rate and the mRNA level of proliferation factors as compared with the cells treated with lipopolysaccharide alone. Meloxicam decreased (P < 0.05) the lipopolysaccharide-induced PTGS2 gene expression. Neither lipopolysaccharide nor meloxicam changed PTGS1 mRNA abundance (P > 0.05). Meloxicam inhibited (P < 0.05) the lipopolysaccharide-activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway by reducing (P < 0.05) the protein levels of β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D1, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β and prevented the lipopolysaccharide-induced β-catenin from entering the nucleus. Meloxicam suppressed (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. In conclusion, meloxicam alone did not influence the cell cycle progression or the cell proliferation in BEEC but caused cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BEEC. This inhibitory effect of meloxicam was probably mediated by Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hele Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
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7
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Viedma-Poyatos Á, González-Jiménez P, Langlois O, Company-Marín I, Spickett CM, Pérez-Sala D. Protein Lipoxidation: Basic Concepts and Emerging Roles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:295. [PMID: 33669164 PMCID: PMC7919664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lipoxidation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that consists of the covalent addition of reactive lipid species to proteins. This occurs under basal conditions but increases in situations associated with oxidative stress. Protein targets for lipoxidation include metabolic and signalling enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and transcription factors, among others. There is strong evidence for the involvement of protein lipoxidation in disease, including atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Nevertheless, the involvement of lipoxidation in cellular regulatory mechanisms is less understood. Here we review basic aspects of protein lipoxidation and discuss several features that could support its role in cell signalling, including its selectivity, reversibility, and possibilities for regulation at the levels of the generation and/or detoxification of reactive lipids. Moreover, given the great structural variety of electrophilic lipid species, protein lipoxidation can contribute to the generation of multiple structurally and functionally diverse protein species. Finally, the nature of the lipoxidised proteins and residues provides a frameshift for a complex interplay with other post-translational modifications, including redox and redox-regulated modifications, such as oxidative modifications and phosphorylation, thus strengthening the importance of detailed knowledge of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (C.S.I.C.), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Jiménez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (C.S.I.C.), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ophélie Langlois
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Idoia Company-Marín
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (C.S.I.C.), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Molla MD, Akalu Y, Geto Z, Dagnew B, Ayelign B, Shibabaw T. Role of Caspase-1 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory-Associated Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:749-764. [PMID: 33116753 PMCID: PMC7585796 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s277457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1 is the first and extensively studied inflammatory caspase that is activated through inflammasome assembly. Inflammasome is a cytosolic formation of multiprotein complex that aimed to start inflammatory response against infections or cellular damages. The process leads to an auto-activation of caspase-1 and consequent maturation of caspase-1 target molecules such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Recently, the role of caspase-1 and inflammasome in inflammatory-induced noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers and chronic respiratory diseases have widely studied. However, their reports are distinct and even they have reported contrasting role of caspase-1 in the development and progression of NCDs. A few studies have reported that caspase-1/inflammasome assembley has a protective role in the initiation and progression of these diseases through the activation of the noncanonical caspase-1 target substrates like gasdermin-D and regulation of immune cells. Conversely, others have revealed that caspase-1 has a direct/indirect effect in the development and progression of several NCDs. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarized the role of caspase-1 in the development and progression of NCDs, especially in obesity, DM, CVDs and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Dagnew
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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9
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Zhong T, Zhou J, Zhan S, Wang L, Niu L, Guo J, Li L, Zhang H. Molecular Characteristics, Phylogeny and Expression Profile of the PTEN Gene in Goats. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:399-411. [PMID: 32020391 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and the tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) has pleiotropic effects on cell growth, organ development, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in mammals. In the present study, we investigated the molecular characteristics, phylogeny and expression profile of the PTEN gene in different tissues of Jianzhou Daer goats. In this study, eight different tissues from E90, E135 and D90 female goats were collected to quantify the expression pattern of the PTEN gene using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blotting and FISH. In addition, the dynamic expression of PTEN was also determined during the differentiation of goat precursor adipose cells. A 1212-bp fragment (accession number MG923848), encoding a 403-amino acid protein with a putative molecular weight of 47.14 kDa, was identified in Jianzhou Daer goats by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The phylogenetic tree showed that caprine PTEN had a relatively close relationship with ovine PTEN and bovine PTEN. qPCR revealed that PTEN was highly expressed in the liver, lung and spleen, while the lowest expression levels were observed in muscle tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of the PTEN gene showed a decreasing trend during the differentiation of goat precursor adipose cells. RNA in situ hybridization yielded a consistent result with the qPCR data. Indeed, low protein expression was found in psoas major muscle and longissimus dorsi muscle, as well as in kidney and liver. However, PTEN protein was expressed at the highest level in the brain. The expression levels of PTEN mRNA and protein were inconsistent with each other, possibly because of post-transcriptional regulation. The findings obtained in our study lay a foundation for further investigations examining the caprine PTEN gene in embryo and organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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10
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Pulido R, Mingo J, Gaafar A, Nunes-Xavier CE, Luna S, Torices L, Angulo JC, López JI. Precise Immunodetection of PTEN Protein in Human Neoplasia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a036293. [PMID: 31501265 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a major tumor-suppressor protein whose expression and biological activity are frequently diminished in sporadic or inherited cancers. PTEN gene deletion or loss-of-function mutations favor tumor cell growth and are commonly found in clinical practice. In addition, diminished PTEN protein expression is also frequently observed in tumor samples from cancer patients in the absence of PTEN gene alterations. This makes PTEN protein levels a potential biomarker parameter in clinical oncology, which can guide therapeutic decisions. The specific detection of PTEN protein can be achieved by using highly defined anti-PTEN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), characterized with precision in terms of sensitivity for the detection technique, specificity for PTEN binding, and constraints of epitope recognition. This is especially relevant taking into consideration that PTEN is highly targeted by mutations and posttranslational modifications, and different PTEN protein isoforms exist. The precise characterization of anti-PTEN mAb reactivity is an important step in the validation of these reagents as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical oncology, including their routine use in analytical immunohistochemistry (IHC). Here, we review the current status on the use of well-defined anti-PTEN mAbs for PTEN immunodetection in the clinical context and discuss their potential usefulness and limitations for a more precise cancer diagnosis and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Ayman Gaafar
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo N-0310, Norway
| | - Sandra Luna
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Leire Torices
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Javier C Angulo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Madrid 28904, Spain.,Clinical Department, European University of Madrid, Laureate Universities, Madrid 28904, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
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11
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Qin QF, Li XJ, Li YS, Zhang WK, Tian GH, Shang HC, Tang HB. AMPK-ERK/CARM1 Signaling Pathways Affect Autophagy of Hepatic Cells in Samples of Liver Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1247. [PMID: 31799198 PMCID: PMC6868028 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with the death rate ranking fourth among all types of cancer. Over the past few decades, several studies have reported that liver tumorigenesis is associated with dysfunction in autophagy. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we used tissue micro-array (TMA) of liver cancer to detect proteins associated with the regulation of autophagic signaling in non-cancerous and cancerous regions by immunohistochemical staining. Those proteins contained 4-HNE, p-AMPK, Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, CARM1, TFEB, LAMP1, and p62. According to the degrees of tumor differentiation in patients (well differentiated group vs. moderately and poorly differentiated group), we analyzed each protein's expression in the ratio of the “cancerous region/non-cancerous region” in two groups. Current data showed that there were AMPK-ERK/CARM1 autophagic signaling pathways during the formation of liver cancer. The above-mentioned changes in signals indicated an upregulation of autophagy in cancerous regions, which means overactivated autophagy plays an important role in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Fang Qin
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Sang Li
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Kevin Zhang
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Cai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He-Bin Tang
- Lab of Hepatopharmacology and Ethnopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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12
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Curcumin: a therapeutic strategy in cancers by inhibiting the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:323. [PMID: 31331376 PMCID: PMC6647277 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have presented that curcumin could have a positive effect in the prevention of cancer and then in tumor therapy. Several hypotheses have highlighted that curcumin could decreases tumor growth and invasion by acting on both chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This review focuses on the interest of use curcumin in cancer therapy by acting on the WNT/β-catenin pathway to repress chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. In the cancer process, one of the major signaling pathways involved is the WNT/β-catenin pathway, which appears to be upregulated. Curcumin administration participates to the downregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and thus, through this action, in tumor growth control. Curcumin act as PPARγ agonists. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ act in an opposed manner. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and circadian clock disruption are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying and promoting cancers. Circadian clock disruption related to the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is involved in cancers. By stimulating PPARγ expression, curcumin can control circadian clocks through the regulation of many key circadian genes. The administration of curcumin in cancer treatment would thus appear to be an interesting therapeutic strategy, which acts through their role in regulating WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, 1 place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, Paris, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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13
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Targeting the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Cancer Treatment Using Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070726. [PMID: 31311204 PMCID: PMC6679009 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying and contributing to cancers. Numerous epidemiological studies have indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could have a positive effect on both the prevention of cancer and tumor therapy. Numerous hypotheses have postulated that NSAIDs could slow tumor growth by acting on both chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This review takes a closer look at these hypotheses. In the cancer process, one of the major signaling pathways involved is the WNT/β-catenin pathway, which appears to be upregulated. This pathway is closely associated with both chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in cancers. The administration of NSAIDs has been observed to help in the downregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and thus in the control of tumor growth. NSAIDs act as PPARγ agonists. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ act in opposing manners. PPARγ agonists can promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, and can reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. In parallel, the dysregulation of circadian rhythms (CRs) contributes to cancer development through the upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. By stimulating PPARγ expression, NSAIDs can control CRs through the regulation of many key circadian genes. The administration of NSAIDs in cancer treatment would thus appear to be an interesting therapeutic strategy, which acts through their role in regulating WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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14
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Gao W, Wang W, Peng Y, Deng Z. Antidepressive effects of kaempferol mediated by reduction of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of AKT/β-catenin cascade. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:485-494. [PMID: 30762138 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-0389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol (KFL), the major constituent of various fruits and vegetables, could attenuate oxidaitve stress and inflammation. The aims of the present study were to explore the ameliorative abilities of KFL on the depressive-like behaviors in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model, and to determine the potential mechanisms on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Three behavioral tests, sucrose preference test (SPT), social interaction test (SIT), and tail suspension test (TST), were used to evaluate the antidepressive effects of KFL in CSDS mice. Activity levels of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and concentrations of malonaldehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation in the prefrontal cortex were assessed by commercial kits, respectively. Elisa was used to detect the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Q-PCR was used to determine the mRNA level of CD-11b. Furthermore, activity level of AKT/β-catenin signaling in the prefrontal cortex of CSDS mice was investigated by western blot. In addition, LY294002, a PI3-K inhibitor, was used to investigate the role of AKT/β-catenin signaling in the antidepressant effects of KFL. Social defeat stress reduced the bodyweights, sucrose consumptions, social interaction times, and the tail suspension mobility times in mice. CSDS mice were also exhibited remarkablely increased levels in oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, and decreased activity of AKT/β-catenin cascade in the prefrontal cortex, which were reversed by treatment with KFL. Interestingly, LY294002 appeared to partly inhibit the overall KFL-mediated protective effects in the CSDS mice. These results confirmed that KFL exerted antidepressive effects, which might be mediated, at least in part, by enhanced antioxidant abilities and anti-inflammation effects via up-regulation AKT/β-catenin cascade activity in the prefrontal cortex of CSDS mice. Thus, KFL might be a promising, effective, and safe food medicine for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Gao
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
| | - Zhifang Deng
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
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15
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Biswas A, Mehta HJ, Folch EE. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: inter-relationships. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2019; 24:152-160. [PMID: 29210751 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a well established risk factor for lung cancer. Newer studies reveal a myriad of other mechanisms, some proven and some putative, which may contribute to their association. RECENT FINDINGS There is an ever-growing bundle of evidence that suggests a close association between persistent chronic inflammation and lung cancer. A few potential targets of genetic susceptibility locus for COPD and lung cancer have been suggested. Better characterization of immune dysregulation and identification of signaling pathways may assist the development of strategies to reduce risk of developing lung cancer in patients with COPD. Current lung cancer screening strategies may exclude some patients at high risk of having lung cancer. Prospective studies indicate that a screening criterion that includes variables reflecting the severity of COPD may increase the sensitivity of the screening program and reduce 'over-diagnosis bias' of indolent lung cancers. Examples of such variables include the emphysema score generated from computed tomography scans and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide derived from lung function tests. SUMMARY A better understanding of the inter-relationship between lung cancer pathogenesis and COPD has been described recently. Improving lung cancer screening strategies by incorporating markers of COPD severity has recently been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Biswas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida, Florida
| | - Hiren J Mehta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida, Florida
| | - Erik E Folch
- Complex Chest Disease Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Martín-Sierra C, Laranjeira P, Domingues MR, Paiva A. Lipoxidation and cancer immunity. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101103. [PMID: 30658904 PMCID: PMC6859558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxidation is a well-known reaction between electrophilic carbonyl species, formed during oxidation of lipids, and specific proteins that, in most cases, causes an alteration in proteins function. This can occur under physiological conditions but, in many cases, it has been associated to pathological process, including cancer. Lipoxidation may have an effect in cancer development through their effects in tumour cells, as well as through the alteration of immune components and the consequent modulation of the immune response. The formation of protein adducts affects different proteins in cancer, triggering different mechanism, such as proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis, among others, altering cancer progression. The divergent results obtained documented that the formation of lipoxidation adducts can have either anti-carcinogenic or pro-carcinogenic effects, depending on the cell type affected and the specific adduct formed. Moreover, lipoxidation adducts may alter the immune response, consequently causing either positive or negative alterations in cancer progression. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the effects of lipoxidation adducts in cancer cells and immune components and their consequences in the evolution of different types of cancer. Lipoxidation in tumour cells may lead to mechanism that interfere with cancer. Lipoxidation adducts can have either anti-carcinogenic or pro-carcinogenic effects. The triggered effects depend on the affected cell and the specific adduct formed. Lipoxidation affecting immune components may influence cancer progression. Lipoxidation may inhibit tumour progression through the inhibition of NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martín-Sierra
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Laranjeira
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M R Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Paiva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Portugal.
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17
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Karimian A, Mir SM, Parsian H, Refieyan S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Crosstalk between Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway with DNA damage response and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10248-10272. [PMID: 30592328 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is one of the well-characterized and most important signaling pathways activated in response to DNA damage. This review discusses the most recent discoveries on the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cancer development, as well as stimulation of some important signaling networks involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon DNA damage, with an exploration of how PI3K/Akt signaling pathway contributes to the regulation of modulators and effectors underlying DNA damage response, the intricate, protein-based signal transduction network, which decides between cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis, the elimination of irreparably damaged cells to maintain homeostasis. The review continues by looking at the interplay between cell cycle checkpoints, checking the repair of damage inflicted to the DNA before entering DNA replication to facilitate DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We then investigate the challenges the cells overcome to ameliorate damages induced by oxidative activities, for example, the recruitment of many pathways and factors to maintain integrity and hemostasis. Finally, the review provides a discussion of how cells use the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate the balance between these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sayed Mostafa Mir
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sona Refieyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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18
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Morgillo F, Dallio M, Della Corte CM, Gravina AG, Viscardi G, Loguercio C, Ciardiello F, Federico A. Carcinogenesis as a Result of Multiple Inflammatory and Oxidative Hits: a Comprehensive Review from Tumor Microenvironment to Gut Microbiota. Neoplasia 2018; 20:721-733. [PMID: 29859426 PMCID: PMC6014569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Morgillo
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F.Magrassi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F.Magrassi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carminia Maria Della Corte
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F.Magrassi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F.Magrassi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viscardi
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F.Magrassi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F.Magrassi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F.Magrassi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F.Magrassi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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19
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Viedma-Poyatos Á, de Pablo Y, Pekny M, Pérez-Sala D. The cysteine residue of glial fibrillary acidic protein is a critical target for lipoxidation and required for efficient network organization. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:380-394. [PMID: 29635011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The type III intermediate filament protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) contributes to the homeostasis of astrocytes, where it co-polymerizes with vimentin. Conversely, alterations in GFAP assembly or degradation cause intracellular aggregates linked to astrocyte dysfunction and neurological disease. Moreover, injury and inflammation elicit extensive GFAP organization and expression changes, which underline reactive gliosis. Here we have studied GFAP as a target for modification by electrophilic inflammatory mediators. We show that the GFAP cysteine, C294, is targeted by lipoxidation by cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPG) in vitro and in cells. Electrophilic modification of GFAP in cells leads to a striking filament rearrangement, with retraction from the cell periphery and juxtanuclear condensation in thick bundles. Importantly, the C294S mutant is resistant to cyPG addition and filament disruption, thus highlighting the critical role of this residue as a sensor of oxidative damage. However, GFAP C294S shows defective or delayed network formation in GFAP-deficient cells, including SW13/cl.2 cells and GFAP- and vimentin-deficient primary astrocytes. Moreover, GFAP C294S does not effectively integrate with and even disrupts vimentin filaments in the short-term. Interestingly, short-spacer bifunctional cysteine crosslinking produces GFAP-vimentin heterodimers, suggesting that a certain proportion of cysteine residues from both proteins are spatially close. Collectively, these results support that the conserved cysteine residue in type III intermediate filament proteins serves as an electrophilic stress sensor and structural element. Therefore, oxidative modifications of this cysteine could contribute to GFAP disruption or aggregation in pathological situations associated with oxidative or electrophilic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, C.S.I.C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda de Pablo
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9 A, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9 A, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, C.S.I.C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Crosstalk Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress During Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29706964 PMCID: PMC5908886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying, promoting, and even initiating numerous cancers. The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) generally work in opposition. If one of them is upregulated, the other one is downregulated and vice versa. WNT/β-catenin signaling is upregulated in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress and in many cancers, although there are some exceptions for cancers. The opposite is observed with PPARγ, which is generally downregulated during inflammation and oxidative stress and in many cancers. This helps to explain in part the opposite and unidirectional profile of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ in these three frequent and morbid processes that potentiate each other and create a vicious circle. Many intracellular pathways commonly involved downstream will help maintain and amplify inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. Thus, many WNT/β-catenin target genes such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α are involved in the development of cancers. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) can activate many inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, TGF-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, MMP, vascular endothelial growth factor, COX2, Bcl2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These factors are often associated with cancerous processes and may even promote them. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by cellular alterations, stimulate the production of inflammatory factors such as NFκB, signal transducer and activator transcription, activator protein-1, and HIF-α. NFκB inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and therefore activates the canonical WNT pathway. ROS activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling in many cancers. PI3K/Akt also inhibits GSK-3β. Many gene mutations of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway giving rise to cancers have been reported (CTNNB1, AXIN, APC). Conversely, a significant reduction in the expression of PPARγ has been observed in many cancers. Moreover, PPARγ agonists promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis and reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. All these complex and opposing interactions between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ appear to be fairly common in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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21
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Shearn CT, Orlicky DJ, Petersen DR. Dysregulation of antioxidant responses in patients diagnosed with concomitant Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis/Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 104:1-8. [PMID: 29180269 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is characterized by severe peri-biliary tract inflammation and fibrosis, elevated oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury. A hallmark of PSC patients is the concurrent diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease occurring in approximately 70%-80% of PSC patients (PSC/IBD). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of end stage PSC/IBD on cellular antioxidant responses and the formation of protein carbonylation. METHODS Using hepatic tissue and whole cell extracts isolated from age-matched healthy humans and patients diagnosed with end stage PSC/IBD, overall inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein carbonylation were assessed by Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Increased immunohistochemical staining for CD3+ (lymphocyte), CD68 (Kupffer cell) and myeloperoxidase (neutrophil) colocalized with the extensive Picrosirius red stained fibrosis confirming the inflammatory aspect of PSC. Importantly, the increased inflammation also colocalized with elevated periportal post-translational modification by the reactive aldehydes 4-HNE, MDA and acrolein. 4-HNE, MDA and acrolein IHC all displayed a significant component in hepatocytes adjacent to fibrotic regions. Furthermore, acrolein was also elevated within the nuclei of periportal inflammatory cells whereas MDA staining was increased in hepatocytes across the lobule. Prussian Blue staining, when compared to the positive controls (ALD, NASH), did not display any evidence of iron accumulation in PSC/IBD livers. Western analysis of PSC/IBD anti-oxidant responses revealed elevated expression of SOD2, GSTπ as well as upregulation of Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. In contrast, expression of GSTμ, GSTA4, catalase, Gpx1 and Hsp70 were suppressed. These data were further supported by a significant decrease in measured GST activity. Dysregulation of anti-oxidant responses in the periportal region of the liver was supported by elevated SOD2 and GSTπ IHC signals in periportal hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Expression of the Nrf2-regulated proteins HO-1, NAD(P)H quinone reductase (NQO1) and Gpx1 was primarily localized to macrophages. In contrast, catalase staining decreased within periportal hepatocytes and was not evident within cholangiocytes. CONCLUSIONS Results herein provide additional evidence that cholestasis induces significant increases in periportal oxidative stress and suggest that there are significant differences in the cellular and subcellular generation of reactive aldehydes formed during cholestatic liver injury. Furthermore, these data suggest that anti-oxidant responses are dysregulated during end-stage PSC/IBD supporting pathological data. This work was funded by NIH5R37AA009300-22 D.R.P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Shearn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Dennis R Petersen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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22
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Wang X, Yang Y, Huycke MM. Commensal-infected macrophages induce dedifferentiation and reprogramming of epithelial cells during colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102176-102190. [PMID: 29254234 PMCID: PMC5731944 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonic microbiome contributes to the initiation of colorectal cancer through poorly characterized mechanisms. We have shown that commensal-polarized macrophages induce gene mutation, chromosomal instability, and endogenous transformation through microbiome-induced bystander effects (MIBE). In this study we show that MIBE activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and pluripotent transcription factors associated with dedifferentiation, reprogramming, and the development of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs). Exposure of murine primary colon epithelial cells (YAMC) to Enterococcus faecalis-infected macrophages increased Wnt3α expression while suppressing Wnt inhibitor factor 1 (Wif1). Wnt/β-catenin activation was confirmed by increased active β-catenin and Tcf4. in vivo, active β-catenin was evident in colon biopsies from E. faecalis-colonized Il10 knockout mice compared to sham-colonized mice. This effect was mediated, in part, by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and tumor necrosis factor α. MIBE also activated pluripotent transcription factors c-Myc, Klf4, Oct4, and Sox2 in YAMC cells and colons from E. faecalis-colonized Il10 knockout mice. These transcription factors are associated with cellular reprogramming, dedifferentiation, and induction of colorectal CSC progenitors. In support of this was an increase in the expression of Dclk1 and CD44, two colorectal CSC markers, in YAMC cells that were exposed to MIBE. Finally, compared to normal colon biopsies and hyperplastic polyps, DCLK1 expression increased in human tubular adenomas and invasive colorectal cancers. Blocking β-catenin/TCF4 signaling using FH535 and CTNNB1-specific small interfering RNA decreased DCLK1 expression in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. These findings provide mechanism for microbiome-induced colorectal cancer and identify new potential targets for colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,The Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Gansu Province Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Mark M Huycke
- The Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
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23
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Uemura T, Takasaka T, Igarashi K, Ikegaya H. Spermine oxidase promotes bile canalicular lumen formation through acrolein production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14841. [PMID: 29093526 PMCID: PMC5665972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermine oxidase (SMOX) catalyzes oxidation of spermine to generate spermidine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 3-aminopropanal, which is spontaneously converted to acrolein. SMOX is induced by a variety of stimuli including bacterial infection, polyamine analogues and acetaldehyde exposure. However, the physiological functions of SMOX are not yet fully understood. We investigated the physiological role of SMOX in liver cells using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. SMOX localized to the bile canalicular lumen, as determined by F-actin staining. Knockdown of SMOX reduced the formation of bile canalicular lumen. We also found that phospho-Akt (phosphorylated protein kinase B) was localized to canalicular lumen. Treatment with Akt inhibitor significantly reduced the formation of bile canalicular lumen. Acrolein scavenger also inhibited the formation of bile canalicular lumen. PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog and an inhibitor of Akt, was alkylated in a SMOX-dependent manner. Our results suggest that SMOX plays a central role in the formation of bile canalicular lumen in liver cells by activating Akt pathway through acrolein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Takasaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegaya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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24
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Kim DH, Suh J, Surh YJ, Na HK. Regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by natural anticancer compounds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1401:136-149. [PMID: 28891094 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) has phosphatase activity, with phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), a product of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), as one of the principal substrates. PTEN is a negative regulator of the Akt pathway, which plays a fundamental role in controlling cell growth, survival, and proliferation. Loss of PTEN function has been observed in many different types of cancer. Functional inactivation of PTEN as a consequence of germ-line mutations or promoter hypermethylation predisposes individuals to malignancies. PTEN undergoes posttranslational modifications, such as oxidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination, which influence its catalytic activity, interactions with other proteins, and subcellular localization. Cellular redox status is crucial for posttranslational modification of PTEN and its functional consequences. Oxidative stress and inflammation are major causes of loss of PTEN function. Pharmacologic or nutritional restoration of PTEN function is considered a reliable strategy in the management of PTEN-defective cancer. In this review, we highlight natural compounds, such as curcumin, indol-3 carbinol, and omega-3 fatty acids, that have the potential to restore or potentiate PTEN expression/activity, thereby suppressing cancer cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Suh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Polysulfide Na 2S 4 regulates the activation of PTEN/Akt/CREB signaling and cytotoxicity mediated by 1,4-naphthoquinone through formation of sulfur adducts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4814. [PMID: 28684787 PMCID: PMC5500523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophiles can activate redox signal transduction pathways, through actions of effector molecules (e.g., kinases and transcription factors) and sensor proteins with low pKa thiols that are covalently modified. In this study, we investigated whether 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) could affect the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)–Akt signaling pathway and persulfides/polysulfides could modulate this adaptive response. Simultaneous exposure of primary mouse hepatocytes to Na2S4 and 1,4-NQ markedly decreased 1,4-NQ-mediated cell death and S-arylation of cellular proteins. Modification of cellular PTEN during exposure to 1,4-NQ was also blocked in the presence of Na2S4. 1,4-NQ, at up to 10 µM, increased phosphorylation of Akt and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). However, at higher concentrations, 1,4-NQ inhibited phosphorylation of both proteins. These bell-shaped dose curves for Akt and CREB activation were right-shifted in cells treated with both 1,4-NQ and Na2S4. Incubation of 1,4-NQ with Na2S4 resulted in formation of 1,4-NQ–S–1,4-NQ-OH. Unlike 1,4-NQ, authentic 1,4-NQ-S-1,4-NQ-OH adduct had no cytotoxicity, covalent binding capability nor ability to activate PTEN-Akt signaling in cells. Our results suggested that polysulfides, such as Na2S4, can increase the threshold of 1,4-NQ for activating PTEN–Akt signaling and cytotoxicity by capturing this electrophile to form its sulfur adducts.
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26
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Lin C, Zhang J. Inflammasomes in Inflammation-Induced Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:271. [PMID: 28360909 PMCID: PMC5350111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is an important multiprotein complex that functions during inflammatory immune responses. The activation of inflammasome will lead to the autoactivation of caspase-1 and subsequent cleavage of proIL-1β and proIL-18, which are key sources of inflammatory manifestations. Recently, the roles of inflammasomes in cancers have been extensively explored, especially in inflammation-induced cancers. In different and specific contexts, inflammasomes exhibit distinct and even contrasting effects in cancer development. In some cases, inflammasomes initiate carcinogenesis through the extrinsic pathway and maintain the malignant cancer microenvironment through the intrinsic pathway. On the contrary, inflammasomes also exert anticancer effects by specialized programmed cell death called pyroptosis and immune regulatory functions. The phases and compartments in which inflammasomes are activated strongly influence the final immune effects. We systemically summarize the functions of inflammasomes in inflammation-induced cancers, especially in gastrointestinal and skin cancers. Besides, information about the current therapeutic use of inflammasome-related products and potential future developing directions are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
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27
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The crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway with DNA damage response and oxidative stress: Implications in cancer therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 51:14-19. [PMID: 28108274 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair is essential for maintaining genomic integrity in cells. The dependence of cancer cell survival on proper DNA repair provides an opportunity to treat defective tumors by DNA damaging agents. Not only Wnt signaling has important functions in controlling gene expression, as well as cell polarity, adhesion and behavior, it also highly interacts with DNA damage response (DDR) in different levels. Furthermore, oxidative stress, which is responsible for majority of DNA lesions, affects Wnt signaling in different ways. A better understanding of the cross-talk between these pathways and events could provide strategies for treatment of cancer cells with deficient DNA repair capacity. As such, we will give a brief overview of the importance of the DNA repair machinery, signaling mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and DDR. We will further review the interactions between Wnt signaling and DDR, and the impact of oxidative stress on Wnt signaling. Finally, Wnt signaling is discussed as a potential treatment strategy for cancer.
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28
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Parvez S, Long MJC, Lin HY, Zhao Y, Haegele JA, Pham VN, Lee DK, Aye Y. T-REX on-demand redox targeting in live cells. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:2328-2356. [PMID: 27809314 PMCID: PMC5260244 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes targetable reactive electrophiles and oxidants (T-REX)-a live-cell-based tool designed to (i) interrogate the consequences of specific and time-resolved redox events, and (ii) screen for bona fide redox-sensor targets. A small-molecule toolset comprising photocaged precursors to specific reactive redox signals is constructed such that these inert precursors specifically and irreversibly tag any HaloTag-fused protein of interest (POI) in mammalian and Escherichia coli cells. Syntheses of the alkyne-functionalized endogenous reactive signal 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE(alkyne)) and the HaloTag-targetable photocaged precursor to HNE(alkyne) (also known as Ht-PreHNE or HtPHA) are described. Low-energy light prompts photo-uncaging (t1/2 <1-2 min) and target-specific modification. The targeted modification of the POI enables precisely timed and spatially controlled redox events with no off-target modification. Two independent pathways are described, along with a simple setup to functionally validate known targets or discover novel sensors. T-REX sidesteps mixed responses caused by uncontrolled whole-cell swamping with reactive signals. Modification and downstream response can be analyzed by in-gel fluorescence, proteomics, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based and dual-luciferase reporters, or flow cytometry assays. T-REX targeting takes 4 h from initial probe treatment. Analysis of targeted redox responses takes an additional 4-24 h, depending on the nature of the pathway and the type of readouts used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marcus J C Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joseph A Haegele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Vanha N Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Dustin K Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Methylmercury, an environmental electrophile capable of activation and disruption of the Akt/CREB/Bcl-2 signal transduction pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28944. [PMID: 27357941 PMCID: PMC4928048 DOI: 10.1038/srep28944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) modifies cellular proteins via their thiol groups in a process referred to as “S-mercuration”, potentially resulting in modulation of the cellular signal transduction pathway. We examined whether low-dose MeHg could affect Akt signaling involved in cell survival. Exposure of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells of up to 2 μM MeHg phosphorylated Akt and its downstream signal molecule CREB, presumably due to inactivation of PTEN through S-mercuration. As a result, the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was up-regulated by MeHg. The activation of Akt/CREB/Bcl-2 signaling mediated by MeHg was, at least in part, linked to cellular defence because either pretreatment with wortmannin to block PI3K/Akt signaling or knockdown of Bcl-2 enhanced MeHg-mediated cytotoxicity. In contrast, increasing concentrations of MeHg disrupted Akt/CREB/Bcl-2 signaling. This phenomenon was attributed to S-mercuration of CREB through Cys286 rather than Akt. These results suggest that although MeHg is an apoptosis-inducing toxicant, this environmental electrophile is able to activate the cell survival signal transduction pathway at lower concentrations prior to apoptotic cell death.
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30
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Yeager RP, Kushman M, Chemerynski S, Weil R, Fu X, White M, Callahan-Lyon P, Rosenfeldt H. Proposed Mode of Action for Acrolein Respiratory Toxicity Associated with Inhaled Tobacco Smoke. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:347-64. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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31
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Bozinovski S, Vlahos R, Anthony D, McQualter J, Anderson G, Irving L, Steinfort D. COPD and squamous cell lung cancer: aberrant inflammation and immunity is the common link. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:635-48. [PMID: 26013585 PMCID: PMC4742298 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has reached epidemic proportions within many regions of the world and remains the highest risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Squamous cell lung cancer is commonly detected in heavy smokers, where the risk of developing lung cancer is not solely defined by tobacco consumption. Although therapies that target common driver mutations in adenocarcinomas are showing some promise, they are proving ineffective in smoking-related squamous cell lung cancer. Since COPD is characterized by an excessive inflammatory and oxidative stress response, this review details how aberrant innate, adaptive and systemic inflammatory processes can contribute to lung cancer susceptibility in COPD. Activated leukocytes release increasing levels of proteases and free radicals as COPD progresses and tertiary lymphoid aggregates accumulate with increasing severity. Reactive oxygen species promote formation of reactive carbonyls that are not only tumourigenic through initiating DNA damage, but can directly alter the function of regulatory proteins involved in host immunity and tumour suppressor functions. Systemic inflammation is also markedly increased during infective exacerbations in COPD and the interplay between tumour-promoting serum amyloid A (SAA) and IL-17A is discussed. SAA is also an endogenous allosteric modifier of FPR2 expressed on immune and epithelial cells, and the therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor is proposed as a novel strategy for COPD-lung cancer overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Gary Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Louis Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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32
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Pulido R. PTEN: a yin-yang master regulator protein in health and disease. Methods 2016; 77-78:3-10. [PMID: 25843297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The PTEN gene is a tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in human tumors, which encodes a ubiquitous protein whose major activity is to act as a lipid phosphatase that counteracts the action of the oncogenic PI3K. In addition, PTEN displays protein phosphatase- and catalytically-independent activities. The physiologic control of PTEN function, and its inactivation in cancer and other human diseases, including some neurodevelopmental disorders, is upon the action of multiple regulatory mechanisms. This provides a wide spectrum of potential therapeutic approaches to reconstitute PTEN activity. By contrast, inhibition of PTEN function may be beneficial in a different group of human diseases, such as type 2 diabetes or neuroregeneration-related pathologies. This makes PTEN a functionally dual yin-yang protein with high potential in the clinics. Here, a brief overview on PTEN and its relation with human disease is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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33
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Al-Salihi M, Reichert E, Fitzpatrick FA. Influence of myeloperoxidase on colon tumor occurrence in inflamed versus non-inflamed colons of Apc(Min/+) mice. Redox Biol 2015; 6:218-225. [PMID: 26262998 PMCID: PMC4536298 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of colorectal cancer needs to be tailored to its etiology. Tumor promotion mechanisms in colitis-associated colon cancer differ somewhat from the mechanisms involved in hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer. Unlike sporadic or inherited tumors, some experimental models show that colitis-associated colon tumors do not require cyclooxygenase (COX) expression for progression, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which prevent sporadic or inherited colon cancer do not prevent colitis-associated colon cancer. We report that myeloperoxidase (MPO), an ancestor of the COX isoenzymes, is a determinant of colitis-associated colon tumors in ApcMin/+ mice. During experimentally induced colitis, inhibition of MPO by resorcinol dampened colon tumor development. Conversely, in the bowels of ApcMin/+ mice without colitis, resorcinol administration or ‘knockout’ of MPO gene coincided with a slight, but discernible increase in colon tumor incidence. Acrolein, a by-product of MPO catalysis, formed a covalent adduct with the phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor and enhanced the activity of the Akt kinase proto-oncogene in vitro and in vivo. Thus, MPO may be an important determinant of diet and inflammation on colon cancer risk via its effect on endogenous exposure to oxidants and acrolein. We propose a hypothetical model to explain an apparent dichotomy between colon tumor occurrence and MPO inhibition in inflamed versus non-inflamed colons. Myeloperoxidase is a determinant of colitis-associated colon tumors in ApcMin/+ mice. Inhibition of MPO by resorcinol dampened colitis-associated colon tumor occurrence. Acrolein is a by-product of MPO catalysis. Acrolein forms a covalent adduct with the phosphatase tensin homolog tumor suppressor. Acrolein adducted PTEN enhances the activity of the Akt kinase proto-oncogene. MPO may have an effect on endogenous exposure to oxidants and acrolein. MPO may be an important determinant of diet and inflammation on colon cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Al-Salihi
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Ethan Reichert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - F A Fitzpatrick
- Kansas City University of Medicine & Biosciences, Department of Pharmacology, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA.
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34
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Le OTT, Cho OY, Tran MH, Kim JA, Chang S, Jou I, Lee SY. Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase γ by Akt regulates its interaction with talin and focal adhesion dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2432-43. [PMID: 26149501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) family members and their lipid product, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are important regulators of actin cytoskeleton. PIP5Kγ 90kDa (PIP5Kγ90), an isoform of PIP5K, localizes to focal adhesions (FAs) and is activated via its interaction with the cytoskeletal protein, talin. Currently, regulatory signaling pathways of talin-PIP5Kγ90 interaction related to FA dynamics and cell motility are not well understood. Considering the presence of Akt consensus motifs in PIP5Kγ90, we examined a potential link of Akt activation to talin-PIP5Kγ90 interaction. We found that Akt phosphorylated PIP5Kγ90 specifically at serine 555 (S555) in vitro and in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-treated cells phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependently. EGF treatment suppressed talin-PIP5Kγ90 interaction and PIP2 levels. Similarly, a phosphomimetic mutant (S555D), but not non-phosphorylatable mutant (S555A), of PIP5Kγ90 had reduced talin binding affinity, lowered PIP2 levels, and was dislocated from FAs. The S555D mutant also caused decreases in actin stress fibers and vinculin-positive FAs. Moreover, assembly and disassembly of FAs were enhanced by S555D expression and EGF-induced cell migration was relatively low in S555A-expressing cells compared to wild-type-expressing cells. PIP5Kγ87, a PIP5Kγ splice variant lacking the talin binding motif, was phosphorylated by Akt, which, however, hardly affected PIP2 levels. Taken together, our results suggested that Akt-mediated PIP5Kγ90 S555 phosphorylation is a novel regulatory point for talin binding to control PIP2 level at the FAs, thereby modulating FA dynamics and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh Thi Tu Le
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-721, South Korea.
| | - Oh Yeon Cho
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Mai Hoang Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-721, South Korea
| | - Jung Ah Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea; Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea.
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-721, South Korea; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-721, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-721, South Korea.
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-721, South Korea; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-721, South Korea.
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Evasion of anti-growth signaling: A key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S55-S77. [PMID: 25749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
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Shearn CT, Petersen DR. Understanding the Tumor Suppressor PTEN in Chronic Alcoholism and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 815:173-84. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Loftus JP, Cavatorta D, Bushey JJ, Levine CB, Sevier CS, Wakshlag JJ. The 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor tepoxalin induces oxidative damage and altered PTEN status prior to apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:e17-30. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Loftus
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca NY USA
| | - D. Cavatorta
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca NY USA
| | - J. J. Bushey
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca NY USA
| | - C. B. Levine
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca NY USA
| | - C. S. Sevier
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca NY USA
| | - J. J. Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca NY USA
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Morales LD, Casillas Pavón EA, Shin JW, Garcia A, Capetillo M, Kim DJ, Lieman JH. Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN facilitate Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97104. [PMID: 24809452 PMCID: PMC4014576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain tissue homeostasis, apoptosis is functionally linked to the cell cycle through the retinoblastoma (Rb)/E2F pathway. When the Rb tumor suppressor protein is functionally inactivated, E2F1 elicits an apoptotic response through both intrinsic (caspase-9 mediated) and extrinsic (caspase-8 mediated) apoptotic pathways in order to eliminate hyperproliferative cells. Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with the loss of constitutive transcriptional repression by Rb/E2F complexes and mediated by caspase-8. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) PTP-1B and SHP-2 have been previously shown to be directly activated by loss of Rb/E2F repression during Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis. In this current study, we demonstrate that the PTEN tumor suppressor is also directly activated by loss of Rb/E2F repression. We also demonstrate that PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN play a functional role in Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis. Knockdown of PTP1B, SHP2, or PTEN expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in apoptotic cells increases cell viability and rescues cells from the Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic response. Furthermore, rescue from apoptosis coincides with inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage (activation). Our results indicate PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN all play a functional role in Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic signal transduction and provide further evidence that PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN can contribute to tumor suppression through an Rb/E2F-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza D. Morales
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Edgar A. Casillas Pavón
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Wan Shin
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mario Capetillo
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. Lieman
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, South Texas College, McAllen, Texas, United States of America
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Rosiglitazone regulates anti-inflammation and growth inhibition via PTEN. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:787924. [PMID: 24757676 PMCID: PMC3971553 DOI: 10.1155/2014/787924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, the mechanisms by which PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone interferes with inflammation and cancer via phosphatase and tensin homolog-(PTEN)-dependent pathway remain unclear. We found that lower doses (<25 μ M) of rosiglitazone significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release (via inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production (via cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), and activation of Akt in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. However, rosiglitazone did not inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In PTEN knockdown (shPTEN) cells exposed to LPS, rosiglitazone did not inhibit NO release, PGE2 production, and activation of Akt. These cells had elevated basal levels of iNOS, COX-2, and ROS. However, higher doses (25-100 μ M) of rosiglitazone, without LPS stimulation, did not block NO release and PGE2 productions, but they inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and blocked ROS generation in shPTEN cells. In addition, rosiglitazone caused G1 arrest and reduced the number of cells in S + G2/M phase, leading to growth inhibition. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory property of rosiglitazone is related to regulation of PTEN independent of inhibition on ROS production. However, rosiglitazone affected the dependence of PTEN-deficient cell growth on ROS.
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Estrogen controls the survival of BRCA1-deficient cells via a PI3K-NRF2-regulated pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4472-7. [PMID: 24567396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1324136111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor BRCA1 predispose women to breast and ovarian cancers. The mechanism underlying the tissue-specific nature of BRCA1's tumor suppression is obscure. We previously showed that the antioxidant pathway regulated by the transcription factor NRF2 is defective in BRCA1-deficient cells. Reactivation of NRF2 through silencing of its negative regulator KEAP1 permitted the survival of BRCA1-null cells. Here we show that estrogen (E2) increases the expression of NRF2-dependent antioxidant genes in various E2-responsive cell types. Like NRF2 accumulation triggered by oxidative stress, E2-induced NRF2 accumulation depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT activation. Pretreatment of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor BKM120 abolishes the capacity of E2 to increase NRF2 protein and transcriptional activity. In vivo the survival defect of BRCA1-deficient MECs is rescued by the rise in E2 levels associated with pregnancy. Furthermore, exogenous E2 administration stimulates the growth of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors in the fat pads of male mice. Our work elucidates the basis of the tissue specificity of BRCA1-related tumor predisposition, and explains why oophorectomy significantly reduces breast cancer risk and recurrence in women carrying BRCA1 mutations.
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An Intimate Relationship between ROS and Insulin Signalling: Implications for Antioxidant Treatment of Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:519153. [PMID: 24672550 PMCID: PMC3944655 DOI: 10.1155/2014/519153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress damages multiple cellular components including DNA, lipids, and proteins and has been linked to pathological alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission, resulting from nutrient overload and mitochondrial dysfunction, is thought to be a principal mediator in NAFLD progression, particularly toward the development of hepatic insulin resistance. In the context of insulin signalling, ROS has a dual role, as both a facilitator and inhibitor of the insulin signalling cascade. ROS mediate these effects through redox modifications of cysteine residues affecting phosphatase enzyme activity, stress-sensitive kinases, and metabolic sensors. This review highlights the intricate relationship between redox-sensitive proteins and insulin signalling in the context of fatty liver disease, and to a larger extent, the importance of reactive oxygen species as primary signalling molecules in metabolically active cells.
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Correia NC, Gírio A, Antunes I, Martins LR, Barata JT. The multiple layers of non-genetic regulation of PTEN tumour suppressor activity. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Shearn CT, Smathers RL, Backos DS, Reigan P, Orlicky DJ, Petersen DR. Increased carbonylation of the lipid phosphatase PTEN contributes to Akt2 activation in a murine model of early alcohol-induced steatosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:680-692. [PMID: 23872024 PMCID: PMC3859727 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The production of reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a key event in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which ranges from simple steatosis to fibrosis. The lipid phosphatase PTEN plays a central role in the regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. In this study, the effects of chronic ethanol feeding and carbonylation on the PTEN signaling pathway were examined in a 9-week mouse feeding model for ALD. Chronic ethanol consumption resulted in altered redox homeostasis as evidenced by decreased GSH, decreased Trx1, and increased GST activity. Both PTEN expression and PTEN phosphorylation were significantly increased in the livers of ethanol-fed mice. Carbonylation of PTEN increased significantly in the ethanol-fed mice compared to pair-fed control animals, corresponding to decreased PTEN 3-phosphatase activity. Concomitantly, increased expression of Akt2 along with increased Akt phosphorylation at residues Thr(308), Thr(450), and Ser(473) was observed resulting in increased Akt2 activity in the ethanol-fed animals. Akt2 activation corresponded to a decrease in cytosolic SREBP and ChREBP. Subsequent LC/MS/MS analysis of 4-HNE-modified recombinant human PTEN identified Michael addition adducts of 4-HNE on Cys(71), Cys(136), Lys(147), Lys(223), Cys(250), Lys(254), Lys(313), Lys(327), and Lys(344). Computational-based molecular modeling analysis of 4-HNE adducted to Cys(71) near the active site and Lys(327) in the C2 domain of PTEN suggested inhibition of enzyme catalysis via either stearic hindrance of the active-site pocket or prevention of C2 domain-dependent PTEN function. We hypothesize that 4-HNE-mediated PTEN inhibition contributes to the observed activation of Akt2, suggesting a possible novel mechanism of lipid accumulation in response to increased reactive aldehyde production during chronic ethanol administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Shearn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - R L Smathers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - D S Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - P Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - D J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dennis R Petersen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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B7H4, HSP27 and DJ-1 molecular markers as prognostic factors in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2013; 13:564-9. [PMID: 24280570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The ability to predict which patients would benefit most from surgical intervention and chemotherapy would be a great clinical tool. A large number of potential markers have been identified lately in pancreatic cancer and their clinical utilities as prognostic tools are under investigation. METHODS We recruited 41 patients who had undergone radical surgical resection for PC between 2003 and 2010. To investigate the prognostic factors, we evaluated 3 possible markers: B7H4, HSP27 and DJ-1 protein expressions in the tissue specimens of these 41 patients by immunohistochemistry and analyzed the clinical and pathological features of these specimens. RESULTS The expression of the three antigens was independently associated with a negative impact of chemotherapy with gemcitabine on patient's survival. Moreover, patients who overexpressed B7H4 had worse prognosis than the ones who did not. CONCLUSIONS B7H4, DJ-1 and HSP27 may be used in the future as prognostic markers that express resistance of pancreatic cancer patients to chemotherapy with gemcitabine.
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Zheng M, Jiang J, Tang YL, Liang XH. Oncogene and non-oncogene addiction in inflammation-associated cancers. Future Oncol 2013; 9:561-73. [PMID: 23560378 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancers originate in tissues that are chronically inflamed, and the inflammatory microenvironment is considered to promote the progression of malignancy, including initiation, growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The molecular mechanism of inflammation-induced progression of cancers has been widely discussed. Oncogene and non-oncogene addiction have been proposed as two distinct but complementary theories to explain the initiation and development of cancers. Furthermore, they also play a role in cancer-associated inflammation. A solid understanding of oncogene and non-oncogene addiction in cancer-associated inflammatory microenvironments will help to exploit cancer drug targets for cancer prevention and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Lin CF, Young KC, Bai CH, Yu BC, Ma CT, Chien YC, Su HC, Wang HY, Liao CS, Lai HW, Tsao CW. Blockade of reactive oxygen species and Akt activation is critical for anti-inflammation and growth inhibition of metformin in phosphatase and tensin homolog-deficient RAW264.7 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:669-77. [PMID: 24053326 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.837059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metformin is widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes and has a potential application on the treatment of inflammation and cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and inflammation; however, precise mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of how PTEN regulates metformin against cell growth and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established PTEN knockdown in RAW264.7 murine macrophages (shPTEN cells) to detect inflammatory mediators using commercial kits, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by flow cytometry, cell growth by MTT assay and phosphorylated levels of signal molecules by western blot. RESULTS The shPTEN cells had a significant large amount of inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)); and also elevated the production of ROS and increased cell proliferation. These effects were accompanied with the activation of Akt and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the inactivation of an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Pretreatment with metformin not only blocked these inflammatory mediators, but also caused growth inhibition induced by significant apoptosis. Furthermore, inactivation of Akt, blockade of ROS generation and independence of activations of AMPK and MAPK by metformin were also observed. CONCLUSION Macrophages with PTEN deficiency developed a continuous inflammatory microenvironment, which further aggravated tumor cell growth. Moreover, metformin affected PTEN-deficient cells dependent of inhibition of ROS production and Akt activation against enlarged inflammatory mediators and/or cell growth in shPTEN cells.
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Fang X, Fu Y, Long MJC, Haegele JA, Ge EJ, Parvez S, Aye Y. Temporally controlled targeting of 4-hydroxynonenal to specific proteins in living cells. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14496-9. [PMID: 24015839 DOI: 10.1021/ja405400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In-depth chemical understanding of complex biological processes hinges upon the ability to systematically perturb individual systems. However, current approaches to study impacts of biologically relevant reactive small molecules involve bathing of the entire cell or isolated organelle with excess amounts, leading to off-target effects. The resultant lack of biochemical specificity has plagued our understanding of how biological electrophiles mediate signal transduction or regulate responses that confer defense mechanisms to cellular electrophilic stress. Here we introduce a target-specific electrophile delivery platform that will ultimately pave the way to interrogate effects of reactive electrophiles on specific target proteins in cells. The new methodology is demonstrated by photoinducible targeted delivery of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) to the proteins Keap1 and PTEN. Covalent conjugation of the HNE-precursor to HaloTag fused to the target proteins enables directed HNE delivery upon photoactivation. The strategy provides proof of concept of selective delivery of reactive electrophiles to individual electrophile-responsive proteins in mammalian cells. It opens a new avenue enabling more precise determination of the pathophysiological consequences of HNE-induced chemical modifications on specific target proteins in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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48
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Okoh VO, Felty Q, Parkash J, Poppiti R, Roy D. Reactive oxygen species via redox signaling to PI3K/AKT pathway contribute to the malignant growth of 4-hydroxy estradiol-transformed mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54206. [PMID: 23437041 PMCID: PMC3578838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 17-β-estradiol (E2)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the induction of mammary tumorigenesis. We found that ROS-induced by repeated exposures to 4-hydroxy-estradiol (4-OH-E2), a predominant catechol metabolite of E2, caused transformation of normal human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells with malignant growth in nude mice. This was evident from inhibition of estrogen-induced breast tumor formation in the xenograft model by both overexpression of catalase as well as by co-treatment with Ebselen. To understand how 4-OH-E2 induces this malignant phenotype through ROS, we investigated the effects of 4-OH-E2 on redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways. During the malignant transformation process we observed that 4-OH-E2 treatment increased AKT phosphorylation through PI3K activation. The PI3K-mediated phosphorylation of AKT in 4-OH-E2-treated cells was inhibited by ROS modifiers as well as by silencing of AKT expression. RNA interference of AKT markedly inhibited 4-OH-E2-induced in vitro tumor formation. The expression of cell cycle genes, cdc2, PRC1 and PCNA and one of transcription factors that control the expression of these genes - nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) was significantly up-regulated during the 4-OH-E2-mediated malignant transformation process. The increased expression of these genes was inhibited by ROS modifiers as well as by silencing of AKT expression. These results indicate that 4-OH-E2-induced cell transformation may be mediated, in part, through redox-sensitive AKT signal transduction pathways by up-regulating the expression of cell cycle genes cdc2, PRC1 and PCNA, and the transcription factor - NRF-1. In summary, our study has demonstrated that: (i) 4-OH-E2 is one of the main estrogen metabolites that induce mammary tumorigenesis and (ii) ROS-mediated signaling leading to the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in the generation of 4-OH-E2-induced malignant phenotype of breast epithelial cells. In conclusion, ROS are important signaling molecules in the development of estrogen-induced malignant breast lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Azoles/pharmacology
- Catalase/metabolism
- Catechols/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Collagen/pharmacology
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogens, Catechol/pharmacology
- Fulvestrant
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Isoindoles
- Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Human/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Organoselenium Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
- Phenotype
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O. Okoh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jai Parkash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert Poppiti
- Department of Pathology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Deodutta Roy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Basu S, Nachat-Kappes R, Caldefie-Chézet F, Vasson MP. Eicosanoids and adipokines in breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical considerations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:323-60. [PMID: 22746381 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the foremost risk factors for different types of malignancies, including breast cancer. Additional risk factors of this pathology in postmenopausal women are weight gain, obesity, estrogen secretion, and an imbalance in the production of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. Various signaling products of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB, in particular inflammatory eicosanoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines, are thought to be involved in chronic inflammation-induced cancer. Together, these key components have an influence on inflammatory reactions in malignant tissue damage when their levels are deregulated endogenously. Prostaglandins (PGs) are well recognized in inflammation and cancer, and they are solely biosynthesized through cyclooxygenases (COXs) from arachidonic acid. Concurrently, ROS give rise to bioactive isoprostanes from arachidonic acid precursors that are also involved in acute and chronic inflammation, but their specific characteristics in breast cancer are less demonstrated. Higher aromatase activity, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, is intimately connected to tumor growth in the breast through estrogen synthesis, and is interrelated to COXs that catalyze the formation of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory PGs such as PGE(2), PGF(2α), PGD(2), and PGJ(2) synchronously under the influence of specific mediators and downstream enzymes. Some of the latter compounds upsurge the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration and appear to be associated with estrogen synthesis. This review discusses the role of COX- and ROS-catalyzed eicosanoids and adipokines in breast cancer, and therefore ranges from their molecular mechanisms to clinical aspects to understand the impact of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Abstract
The multifunctional protein ß-catenin governs as transcription factor the expression of a wide variety of genes relevant for cell proliferation and cell survival. In addition, ß-catenin is localized at the cell membrane and may influence the function of channels. The present study explored the possibility that ß-catenin participates in the regulation of the HERG K+ channel. To this end, HERG was expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without ß-catenin and the voltage-gated current determined utilizing the dual electrode voltage clamp. As a result, expression of ß-catenin markedly upregulated HERG channel activity, an effect not sensitive to inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D (10 µM). According to chemiluminescence, ß-catenin may increase HERG channel abundance within the oocyte cell membrane. Following inhibition of channel insertion into the cell membrane by brefeldin A (5 µM) the decay of current was similar in oocytes expressing HERG together with ß-catenin to oocytes expressing HERG alone. The experiments uncover a novel function of APC/ß-catenin, i.e. the regulation of HERG channels.
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