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Maltsev DI, Aniol VA, Golden MA, Petrina AD, Belousov VV, Gulyaeva NV, Podgorny OV. Aging Modulates the Ability of Quiescent Radial Glia-Like Stem Cells in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus to be Recruited into Division by Pro-neurogenic Stimuli. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3461-3476. [PMID: 37995077 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A delicate balance between quiescence and division of the radial glia-like stem cells (RGLs) ensures continuation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) over the lifespan. Transient or persistent perturbations of this balance due to a brain pathology, drug administration, or therapy can lead to unfavorable long-term outcomes such as premature depletion of the RGLs, decreased AHN, and cognitive deficit. Memantine, a drug used for alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, and electroconvulsive seizure (ECS), a procedure used for treating drug-resistant major depression or bipolar disorder, are known strong AHN inducers; they were earlier demonstrated to increase numbers of dividing RGLs. Here, we demonstrated that 1-month stimulation of quiescent RGLs by either memantine or ECS leads to premature exhaustion of their pool and altered AHN at later stages of life and that aging of the brain modulates the ability of the quiescent RGLs to be recruited into the cell cycle by these AHN inducers. Our findings support the aging-related divergence of functional features of quiescent RGLs and have a number of implications for the practical assessment of drugs and treatments with respect to their action on quiescent RGLs at different stages of life in animal preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Maltsev
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Victor A Aniol
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | | | | | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Life Improvement By Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115419, Russia
| | - Oleg V Podgorny
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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Walrath T, McMahan RH, Idrovo JP, Quillinan N, Kovacs EJ. Cutaneous burn injury induces neuroinflammation and reactive astrocyte activation in the hippocampus of aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2022; 169:111975. [PMID: 36208823 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By 2050, one in six people globally will be 65 or older. Confusion and delirium are significant complications after burn injury, especially in the elderly population. The etiology is still unknown, however complications may be driven by pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes within the hippocampus (HPC) after burn injury. Reduced levels of phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response binding element (pCREB), caused by elevated systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, could lead to cognitive decline and memory impairment. METHODS To examine the effects of remote injury on neuroinflammation in advanced age, young and aged mice were subjected to a 15 % total body surface area scald burn or sham injury, and euthanized after 24 h. Expression of ccl2 and tnfa were measured by qPCR in the whole brain and HPC. Astrocyte activation was measured by immunofluorescence within the HPC. pCREB was measured by immunohistochemistry in the dentate gyrus. RESULTS We saw an 80-fold increase in ccl2 and a 30-fold elevation in tnfa after injury in the whole brain of aged mice compared to young groups and aged sham mice (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, there was a 30-fold increase in ccl2 within isolated HPC of aged injured mice when compared to sham injured animals (p < 0.05). When investigating specific HPC regions, immunofluorescence staining showed a >20 % rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive astrocytes within the cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) of aged injured mice when compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). Lastly, we observed a >20 % decrease in pCREB staining by immunohistochemistry in the dentate gyrus of aged mice compared to young regardless of injury (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These novel data suggest that remote injury in aged, but not young, mice is associated with neuroinflammation and astrocyte activation within the HPC. These factors, paired with an age related reduction in pCREB, could help explain the increased cognitive decline seen in burn patients of advanced age. To our knowledge, we are the first group to examine the impact of advanced age combined with burn injury on inflammation and astrocyte activation within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Walrath
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Juan-Pablo Idrovo
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America.
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Kot M, Neglur PK, Pietraszewska A, Buzanska L. Boosting Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus Using Antidepressants and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203234. [PMID: 36291101 PMCID: PMC9600461 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the few privileged regions (neural stem cell niche) of the brain, where neural stem cells differentiate into new neurons throughout adulthood. However, dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis with aging, injury, depression and neurodegenerative disease leads to debilitating cognitive impacts. These debilitating symptoms deteriorate the quality of life in the afflicted individuals. Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis is especially difficult to rescue with increasing age and neurodegeneration. However, the potential to boost endogenous Wnt signaling by influencing pathway modulators such as receptors, agonists, and antagonists through drug and cell therapy-based interventions offers hope. Restoration and augmentation of hampered Wnt signaling to facilitate increased hippocampal neurogenesis would serve as an endogenous repair mechanism and contribute to hippocampal structural and functional plasticity. This review focuses on the possible interaction between neurogenesis and Wnt signaling under the control of antidepressants and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to overcome debilitating symptoms caused by age, diseases, or environmental factors such as stress. It will also address some current limitations hindering the direct extrapolation of research from animal models to human application, and the technical challenges associated with the MSCs and their cellular products as potential therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kot
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-60-86-563
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Neuromodulation and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Depression: A Scoping Review. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:92-107. [PMID: 35853529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 'neurogenesis hypothesis of depression' emphasizes the importance of upregulated hippocampal neurogenesis for the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. Neuromodulation is a promising therapeutic method that stimulates neural circuitries to treat neuropsychiatric illnesses. We conducted a scoping review on the neurogenic and antidepressant outcomes of neuromodulation in animal models of depression. PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were comprehensively searched for full-text English articles from inception to October 5, 2021. Data screening and extraction were conducted independently by two researchers. Seventeen eligible studies were included in this review. The majority of studies used non-invasive neuromodulation (n = 14) and assessed neurogenesis using neural proliferation (n = 16) and differentiation markers (n = 9). Limited reports (n = 2) used neurogenic inhibitors to evaluate the role of neurogenesis on the depressive-like behavioral outcomes. Overall, neuromodulation substantially effectuated both hippocampal cell proliferation and antidepressant-like behavior in animal models of depression, with some providing evidence for enhanced neuronal differentiation and maturation. The proposed neurogenic-related mechanisms mediating the neuromodulation efficacies included neurotrophic processes, anti-apoptotic pathways, and normalization of HPA axis functions. Further research is warranted to explore the role of neuromodulation-induced neurogenic effects on treatment efficacies and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Kondaurova EM, Plyusnina AV, Ilchibaeva TV, Eremin DV, Rodnyy AY, Grygoreva YD, Naumenko VS. Effects of a Cc2d1a/Freud-1 Knockdown in the Hippocampus on Behavior, the Serotonin System, and BDNF. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413319. [PMID: 34948116 PMCID: PMC8707087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT1A receptor is one of the most abundant and widely distributed brain serotonin (5-HT) receptors that play a major role in the modulation of emotions and behavior. The 5-HT1A receptor gene (Htr1a) is under the control of transcription factor Freud-1 (also known as Cc2d1a/Freud-1). Here, using adeno-associated virus (AAV) constructs in vivo, we investigated effects of a Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice on behavior, the brain 5-HT system, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). AAV particles carrying the pAAV_H1-2_shRNA-Freud-1_Syn_EGFP plasmid encoding a short-hairpin RNA targeting mouse Cc2d1a/Freud-1 mRNA had an antidepressant effect in the forced swim test 5 weeks after virus injection. The knockdown impaired spatiotemporal memory as assessed in the Morris water maze. pAAV_H1-2_shRNA-Freud-1_Syn_EGFP decreased Cc2d1a/Freud-1 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown upregulated 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid but not their ratio. The Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown failed to increase mRNA and protein levels of Htr1a but diminished a 5-HT1A receptor functional response. Meanwhile, the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown reduced Creb mRNA expression and CREB phosphorylation and upregulated cFos mRNA. The knockdown enhanced the expression of a BDNF precursor (proBDNF protein), which is known to play a crucial part in neuroplasticity. Our data indicate that transcription factor Cc2d1a/Freud-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders not only via the 5-HT1A receptor and transcription factor CREB but also through an influence on BDNF.
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Kim YR, Park BK, Seo CS, Kim NS, Lee MY. Antidepressant and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of the Stem Bark Extract of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Its Components in a Mouse Model of Depressive-Like Disorder Induced by Reserpine Administration. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:650833. [PMID: 34220460 PMCID: PMC8245701 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.650833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to find antidepressants that can be administered for long periods without inducing severe side effects to replace conventional antidepressants that control monoamine levels, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). We sought to determine the antidepressant effects of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (F. rhynchophylla Hance, FX) and its components on a reserpine-induced mouse model. One hour after oral administration of FX (30, 50, and 100 mg/kg), esculin (50 mg/kg), esculetin (50 mg/kg), fraxin (50 mg/kg), and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), reserpine was delivered intraperitoneally to mice. Behavioral experiments were conducted to measure anxiety and depressive-like behaviors after 10 days of administration. FX and its components increased the number of entries into the center of an open field as well as distance traveled within it and decreased immobility duration in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Reserpine-induced increases in plasma corticosterone concentrations were attenuated by the administration of FX and its components, which were also found to decrease the reserpine-induced enhancement of mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the diminished expressions of hippocampal phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by reserpine were increased by FX and its components. Our results suggest that FX and its components regulate anxiety and depressive-like behaviors through stress hormones, immune regulation, and the activation of neuroprotective mechanisms, further supporting the potential of FX and its components as antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - No Soo Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Xiao Z, Cao Z, Yang J, Jia Z, Du Y, Sun G, Lu Y, Pei L. Baicalin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced mouse model of depression. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114594. [PMID: 33964281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis is known to be related to depressive symptoms. Increasing evidence indicates that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates multiple aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Baicalin is a major flavonoid compound with multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. The current study aimed to explore the antidepressant effects of baicalin and its possible molecular mechanisms affecting hippocampal neurogenesis via the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A chronic mild unpredictable stress (CUMS) model of depression was used in the study. The CUMS-induced mice were treated with baicalin (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 21 days, orally, and the fluoxetine was used as positive control drug. The results indicated that baicalin alleviated CUMS-induced depression-like behaviour, and improved the nerve cells' survival of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in CUMS-induced depression of model mice and increased Ki-67- and doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells to restore CUMS-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. The related proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which declined in the CUMS-induced depression model of mice, were upregulated after baicalin treatment, including Wingless3a (Wnt3a), dishevelled2 (DVL2), and β-catenin. Further study found that the phosphorylation rate of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and β-catenin nuclear translocation increased, as the levels of the β-catenin target genes cyclinD1, c-myc, NeuroD1, and Ngn2 upregulated after baicalin treatment. In conclusion, these findings suggest that baicalin may promote hippocampal neurogenesis, thereby exerting the antidepressant effect via regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Xiao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhuoqing Cao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhixia Jia
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
| | - Lin Pei
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
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Jung HY, Kim W, Kwon HJ, Yoo DY, Nam SM, Hahn KR, Yi SS, Choi JH, Kim DW, Yoon YS, Hwang IK. Physical Stress Induced Reduction of Proliferating Cells and Differentiated Neuroblasts Is Ameliorated by Fermented Laminaria japonica Extract Treatment. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E587. [PMID: 33255381 PMCID: PMC7760277 DOI: 10.3390/md18120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminaria japonica is widely cultivated in East Asia, including South Korea. Fucoidan, a main component of L. japonica, protects neurons from neurological disorders such as ischemia and traumatic brain injury. In the present study, we examined the effects of extract from fermented L. japonica on the reduction of proliferating cells and neuroblasts in mice that were physically (with electric food shock) or psychologically (with visual, auditory and olfactory sensation) stressed with the help of a communication box. Vehicle (distilled water) or fermented L. japonica extract (50 mg/kg) were orally administered to the mice once a day for 21 days. On the 19th day of the treatment, physical and psychological stress was induced by foot shock using a communication box and thereafter for three days. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly increased after exposure to physical stress and decreased Ki67 positive proliferating cells and doublecortin immunoreactive neuroblasts. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that physical stress as well as psychological stress decreased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the number of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) positive nuclei in the dentate gyrus. Fermentation of L. japonica extract significantly increased the contents of reduced sugar and phenolic compounds. Supplementation with fermented L. japonica extract significantly ameliorated the increases of plasma corticosterone revels and decline in the proliferating cells, neuroblasts, and expression of BDNF and pCREB in the physically stressed mice. These results indicate that fermented L. japonica extract has positive effects in ameliorating the physical stress induced reduction in neurogenesis by modulating BDNF and pCREB expression in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (W.K.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (W.K.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute for Environmental Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (W.K.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea;
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (W.K.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (W.K.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
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Yilmaz EN, Bay S, Ozturk G, Ucisik MH. Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin-Loaded Emulsomes in a Laser Axotomy-Induced CNS Injury Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9211-9229. [PMID: 33244233 PMCID: PMC7685369 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the rhizomes of turmeric, holds great potential as a neuroprotective agent in addition to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. The poor bioavailability and low stability of curcumin are the greatest barriers to its clinical use. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of curcumin on axonal injury, by delivering the lipophilic polyphenol to a primary hippocampal neuron culture by means of a lipid-based drug delivery system, named emulsomes. METHODS To study neuroregeneration ex vivo, an injury model was established through single-cell laser axotomy on hippocampal neurites. Upon treatment with curcumin-loaded emulsomes (CurcuEmulsomes), curcumin and CurcuEmulsome uptake into neurons was verified by three-dimensional Z-stack images acquired with confocal microscopy. Neuron survival after axonal injury was tracked by propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst staining. Alterations in expression levels of physiological markers, such as anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2, apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3, neuroprotective marker Wnt3a and the neuronal survival marker mTOR, were investigated by immunocytochemistry analyses. RESULTS The results indicated significant improvement in the survival rate of injured neurons upon CurcuEmulsome treatment. Bcl2 expression was significantly higher for injured neurons treated with curcumin or CurcuEmulsome. Reduction in caspase 3 expression was seen in both curcumin and CurcuEmulsome treatment, whereas there were no significant changes in Wnt3a and mTOR expression. CONCLUSION The established laser-axotomy model was proven as a reliable methodology to study neurodegenerative models ex vivo. CurcuEmulsomes delivered curcumin to primary hippocampal neurons successfully. Treated with CurcuEmulsomes, injured hippocampal neurons benefit from the neuroprotective effects of curcumin, exhibiting a higher survival rate and increased anti-apoptotic marker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Yilmaz
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadik Bay
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Ozturk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wu L, Zhang T, Chen K, Lu C, Liu XF, Zhou JL, Huang YK, Yan H, Chen Y, Zhang CJ, Li JF, Shi SQ, Ren P, Huang X. Rapid antidepressant‐like effect of Fructus Aurantii depends on cAMP‐response element binding protein/Brain‐derived neurotrophic facto by mediating synaptic transmission. Phytother Res 2020; 35:404-414. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Ken Chen
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Xiang Fei Liu
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Jia Ling Zhou
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Yun Ke Huang
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
- Department Of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Fudan University Medical School Shanghai China
| | - Han Yan
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Chun Jie Zhang
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Jun Feng Li
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Shao Qi Shi
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Ping Ren
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
- Department of Geriatrics Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Xi Huang
- Institute of TCM‐Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
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Hirano K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y, Namihira M. Indonesian Ginger (Bangle) Extract Promotes Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells through WNT Pathway Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4772. [PMID: 32635647 PMCID: PMC7369972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indonesian ginger (Zingiber purpureum Rosc.), also known as Bangle, exhibits neurotrophic effects on cultured murine cortical neurons and in the adult mouse brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) as a model system for in vitro human neurogenesis, we show that Bangle extracts activate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling. Bangle extract-treatment of hfNSCs not only promoted neuronal differentiation, but also accelerated neurite outgrowth from immature neurons. Furthermore, Bangle extracts induced expression of neurogenic genes and WNT signaling-target genes, and facilitated the accumulation of β-catenin in nuclei of hfNSC. Interestingly, altered histone modifications were also observed in Bangle-treated hfNSCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that Bangle contributes to hfNSC neurogenesis by WNT pathway and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Hirano
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Masakazu Namihira
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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12
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Maruyama S, Boku S, Okazaki S, Kikuyama H, Mizoguchi Y, Monji A, Otsuka I, Sora I, Kanazawa T, Hishimoto A, Yoneda H. ATP and repetitive electric stimulation increases leukemia inhibitory factor expression in astrocytes: A potential role for astrocytes in the action mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:311-317. [PMID: 32022358 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for psychiatric disorders. However, its action mechanism remains unclear. We previously reported that transcription factor 7 (TCF7) was increased in patients successfully treated with ECT. TCF7 regulates Wnt pathway, which regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Astrocytes play a role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis via neurogenic factors. Of astrocyte-derived neurogenic factors, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) activate Wnt pathway. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), released from excited neurons, activates astrocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that ECT might increase LIF and/or FGF2 in astrocytes. To test this, we investigated the effects of ATP and electric stimulation (ES) on LIF and FGF2 expressions in astrocytes. METHODS Astrocytes were derived from neonatal mouse forebrain and administered ATP and ES. The mRNA expression was estimated with quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protein concentration was measured with ELISA. RESULTS ATP increased LIF, but not FGF2, expression. Multiple ES, but not single, increased LIF expression. Knockdown of P2X2 receptor (P2X2R) attenuated ATP-induced increase of LIF mRNA expression. In contrast, P2X3 and P2X4 receptors intensified it. CONCLUSION P2X2R may mediate ATP-induced LIF expression in astrocytes and multiple ES directly increases LIF expression in astrocytes. Therefore, both ATP/P2X2R and multiple ES-induced increases of LIF expression in astrocytes might mediate the efficacy of ECT on psychiatric disorders. Elucidating detailed mechanisms of ATP/P2X2R and multiple ES-induced LIF expression is expected to result in the identification of new therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kikuyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Kanazawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
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13
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Lee JM, Kim TW, Park SS, Kim CJ, Shin MS, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Baek SS. Wnt signaling pathway is implicated in the alleviating effect of treadmill exercise on maternal separation-induced depression. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:200-205. [PMID: 31111001 PMCID: PMC6509450 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938148.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal separation in the developmental stage has a negative influence on brain development and causes depression. The extracellular ligand, Wnt, and its receptors play an important role in axis formation and neural development. Exercise inhibits apoptosis, increases cell proliferation, and exerts antidepressive effect. In this study, the effect of treadmill exercise on the maternal separation-induced depression was investigated in the aspect of Wnt signaling pathway. The maternal separation started on the postnatal day 14. The rat pups in the exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day from postnatal day 21 to postnatal day 34. The rat pups in the maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group were intraperitoneally injected with 5-mg/kg fluoxetine once a day from postnatal day 21 to postnatal day 34. Forced swimming test was performed to evaluate the depression level. Western blotting was performed for the expressions of Wnt signaling ligands, Wnt2 and Wnt3a, and Wnt signaling inhibitors, Dkk1, and sFRP3. Maternal separation showed depressive behaviors in the forced swimming test. Treadmill exercise alleviated depressive behaviors in the maternal separation rat pups. Expressions of Wnt2 and Wnt3a were decreased by maternal separation. Treadmill exercise alleviated maternal separation-induced reduction of Wnt2 and Wnt3a expressions. Expressions of Dkk1 and sFRP3 in the hippocampus were increased by maternal separation. Treadmill exercise alleviated maternal separation-induced reduction of Dkk1 and sFRP3 expressions. Our study demonstrated that treadmill exercise activates Wnt signaling pathway, and then exerted antidepressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Sam-Jun Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Health, Welfare, and Education, Tong Myong University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Sport & Health Care, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Soo Baek
- Department of Sport & Health Care, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Moore A, Beidler J, Hong MY. Resveratrol and Depression in Animal Models: A Systematic Review of the Biological Mechanisms. Molecules 2018; 23:E2197. [PMID: 30200269 PMCID: PMC6225181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is currently treated by pharmacotherapies that can elicit debilitating side effects for patients. Novel treatment options with limited side effects are currently being researched. Resveratrol is a polyphenol and phytoalexin found in the skins of grapes, red wine, Japanese knotweed, and peanuts. It has been studied extensively for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Resveratrol has also gained attention for its neuroprotective properties. The aim of the review was to examine the mechanisms by which resveratrol reduces depressive behaviors in animal models. In total, 22 studies met the established criteria for final review. Behavioral aspects of depression were investigated using validated measures such as the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and open field test. While many physical measures were taken, three main biological mechanisms were explored: Regulation of the hypothalamic⁻pituitary⁻adrenal axis; decreased inflammation; and increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and neurogenesis. Based on these findings, resveratrol may be deemed an effective treatment for depression in animal models at doses between 10⁻80 mg/kg/day, although higher doses had the most significant effects. Future studies should examine the effects of resveratrol on depression in humans to determine the eligibility of resveratrol as a natural antidepressant with less severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Moore
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Joshua Beidler
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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15
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Fluoxetine attenuates the impairment of spatial learning ability and prevents neuron loss in middle-aged APPswe/PSEN1dE9 double transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27676-27692. [PMID: 28430602 PMCID: PMC5438600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported to increase cognitive performance in some clinical studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a lack of evidence supporting the efficacy of SSRIs as cognition enhancers in AD, and the role of SSRIs as a treatment for AD remains largely unclear. Here, we characterized the impact of fluoxetine (FLX), a well-known SSRI, on neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) and in CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus of middle-aged (16 to 17 months old) APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic AD model mice. We found that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of FLX (10 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks effectively alleviated the impairment of spatial learning ability in middle-aged APP/PS1 mice as evaluated using the Morris water maze. More importantly, the number of neurons in the hippocampal DG was significantly increased by FLX. Additionally, FLX reduced the deposition of beta amyloid, inhibited GSK-3β activity and increased the level of β-catenin in middle-aged APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that FLX delayed the progression of neuronal loss in the hippocampal DG in middle-aged AD mice, and this effect may underlie the FLX-induced improvement in learning ability. FLX may therefore serve as a promising therapeutic drug for AD.
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16
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Metformin potentiates cognitive and antidepressant effects of fluoxetine in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress and high fat diet: potential involvement of hippocampal c-Jun repression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:407-422. [PMID: 29379991 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several hypotheses link high fat diet (HFD) with the pathophysiology of depression and its response to antidepressants. This study aimed to determine the effect of metformin (MET) on the cognitive and antidepressant activity of fluoxetine (FLU) through its effect on c-Jun expression. Behavioral, cognitive function, biochemical, and histopathological studies were performed in non-HFD- and HFD-fed rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Stressed group showed cognitive impairment, depressive-like symptoms, disturbed glucose homeostasis and lipid profile, reduced adiponectin level, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and increased corticosterone and c-Jun. All these were aggravated by HFD. MET, FLU and their combination produced significant improvement in lipid profile with significant increase in adiponectin and BDNF expression. Corticosterone, body weight and insulin resistance showed significant decrease in the treated groups. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in hippocampal c Jun expression. There was a significant preferable effect toward the combination. Conclusion, MET may decrease the refractoriness to FLU and improves the cognition in individuals who are fed on HFD.
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17
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Zwamborn RA, Snijders C, An N, Thomson A, Rutten BP, de Nijs L. Wnt Signaling in the Hippocampus in Relation to Neurogenesis, Neuroplasticity, Stress and Epigenetics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 158:129-157. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Shin HK, Lee SW, Choi BT. Modulation of neurogenesis via neurotrophic factors in acupuncture treatments for neurological diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:132-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Borovok N, Nesher E, Reichenstein M, Tikhonova T, Levin Y, Pinhasov A, Michaelevski I. Effect of social interactions on hippocampal protein expression in animal dominant and submissive model of behavioral disorders. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Borovok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Tel Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | | | - Michal Reichenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Tel Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | | | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling; The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology; Ariel University; Ariel Israel
| | - Izhak Michaelevski
- Department of Molecular Biology; Ariel University; Ariel Israel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Tel Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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20
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Åmellem I, Suresh S, Chang CC, Tok SSL, Tashiro A. A critical period for antidepressant-induced acceleration of neuronal maturation in adult dentate gyrus. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1235. [PMID: 28925998 PMCID: PMC5639251 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly used medications for mood and anxiety disorders, and adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus has been shown to be involved in the behavioral effects of SSRIs in mice. Studies have shown the varied effects of chronic treatment with SSRIs on adult neurogenesis. One such effect is the acceleration of neuronal maturation, which affects the functional integration of new neurons into existing neuronal circuitry. In this study, we labeled new neurons by using GFP-expressing retroviral vectors in mice and investigated the effect of an SSRI, fluoxetine, on these neurons at different time points after neuronal birth. Chronic treatment with fluoxetine accelerated the dendritic development of the newborn neurons and shifted the timing of the expression of the maturational marker proteins, doublecortin and calbindin. This accelerated maturation was observed even after sub-chronic treatment, only when fluoxetine was administered during the second week of neuronal birth. These results suggest the existence of a 'critical period' for the fluoxetine-induced maturation of new neurons. We propose that the modified functional integration of new neurons in the critical period may underlie the behavioral effects of fluoxetine by regulating anxiety-related decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Åmellem
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road #12-01B, Singapore 308232. E-mail: or
| | - S Suresh
- Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C C Chang
- Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S S L Tok
- Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A Tashiro
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK,Warwick-NTU Neuroscience Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road #12-01B, Singapore 308232. E-mail: or
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21
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Cai M, Wang H, Li JJ, Zhang YL, Xin L, Li F, Lou SJ. The signaling mechanisms of hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress affecting neuronal plasticity-related protein levels in high fat diet-induced obese rats and the regulation of aerobic exercise. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:347-359. [PMID: 27189035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has been shown to reduce the levels of neuronal plasticity-related proteins, specifically brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin (SYN), in the hippocampus. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully clear. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been reported to play a key role in regulating gene expression and protein production by affecting stress signaling pathways and ER functions of protein folding and post-translational modification in peripheral tissues of obese rodent models. Additionally, HFD that is associated with hyperglycemia could induce hippocampal ERS, thus impairing insulin signaling and cognitive health in HFD mice. One goal of this study was to determine whether hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia could cause hippocampal ERS in HFD-induced obese SD rats, and explore the potential mechanisms of ERS regulating hippocampal BDNF and SYN proteins production. Additionally, although regular aerobic exercise could reduce central inflammation and elevate hippocampal BDNF and SYN levels in obese rats, the regulated mechanisms are poorly understood. Nrf2-HO-1 pathways play roles in anti-ERS, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis in peripheral tissues. Therefore, the other goal of this study was to determine whether aerobic exercise could activate Nrf2-HO-1 in hippocampus to alleviate obesity-induced hippocampal ERS, which would lead to increased BDNF and SYN levels. Male SD rats were fed on HFD for 8weeks to establish the obese model. Then, 8weeks of aerobic exercise treadmill intervention was arranged for the obese rats. Results showed that HFD-induced obesity caused hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and significantly promoted hippocampal glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) protein expression. These results were associated with the activation of hippocampal ERS and ERS-mediated apoptosis. At the same time, we found that excessive hippocampal ERS not only significantly decreased proBDNF-the precursor of mature BDNF, but also attenuated p38/ERK-CREB signaling pathways and activated NLRP3-IL-1β pathways in obese rats. These results were associated with reduced BDNF and SYN protein production. However, these adverse changes were obviously reversed by aerobic exercise intervention through activating the Nrf2-HO-1 pathways. These results suggest that dietary obesity could induce hippocampal ERS in male SD rats, and excessive hippocampal ERS plays a critical role in decreasing the levels of BDNF and SYN. Moreover, aerobic exercise could activate hippocampal Nrf2 and HO-1 to relieve ERS and heighten BDNF and SYN production in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Schisandra chinensis produces the antidepressant-like effects in repeated corticosterone-induced mice via the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:135-42. [PMID: 27387555 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the antidepressant-like effects and the possible mechanisms of Schisandra chinensis on depressive-like behavior induced by repeated corticosterone injections in mice. Here we evaluated the effect of an ethanol extract of the dried fruit of S. chinensis (EESC) on BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Three weeks of corticosterone injections in mice resulted in depressive-like behavior, as indicated by the significant decrease in sucrose consumption and increase the immobility time in the forced swim test, but without any influence on the locomotor activity. Further, there was a significant increase in serum corticosterone level and a significant downregulation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in CORT-treated mice. Treatment of mice with EESC (600mg/kg) significantly ameliorated all the behavioral and biochemical changes induced by corticosterone. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of BDNF signaling by K252a abolished entirely the antidepressant-like effect triggered by chronic EESC treatment. These results suggest that EESC produces an antidepressant-like effect in CORT-induced depression in mice, which is possibly mediated, at least in part, by rectifying the stress-based hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction paradigm and upregulation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway.
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23
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Welbat JU, Sangrich P, Sirichoat A, Chaisawang P, Chaijaroonkhanarak W, Prachaney P, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P. Fluoxetine prevents the memory deficits and reduction in hippocampal cell proliferation caused by valproic acid. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 78:112-118. [PMID: 27619060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), a commonly used antiepileptic drug, has been reported to cause cognitive impairments in patients. In a previous study, using a rodent model, we showed that VPA treatment impaired cognition which was associated with a reduction in the cell proliferation required for hippocampal neurogenesis. The antidepressant fluoxetine has been shown to increase hippocampal neurogenesis and to reverse the memory deficits found in a number of pathological conditions. In the present study we investigated the protective effects of fluoxetine treatment against the impairments in memory and hippocampal cell proliferation produced by VPA. Male Sprague Dawley rats received daily treatment with fluoxetine (10mg/kg) by oral gavage for 21days. Some rats were co-administered with VPA (300mg/kg, twice daily i.p. injections) for 14days from day 8 to day 21 of the fluoxetine treatment. Spatial memory was tested using the novel object location (NOL) test. The number of proliferating cells present in the sub granular zone of the dentate gyrus was quantified using Ki67 immunohistochemistry at the end of the experiment. Levels of the receptor Notch1, the neurotrophic factor BDNF and the neural differentiation marker DCX were determined by Western blotting. VPA-treated rats showed memory deficits, a decrease in the number of proliferating cells in the sub granular zone and decreases in the levels of Notch1 and BDNF but not DCX compared to control animals. These changes in behavior, cell proliferation and Notch1 and BDNF were prevented in animals which had received both VPA and fluoxetine. Rats receiving fluoxetine alone did not show a significant difference in the number of proliferating cells or behavior compared to controls. These results demonstrated that the spatial memory deficits and reduction of cell proliferation produced by VPA can be ameliorated by the simultaneous administration of the antidepressant fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Preeyanuch Sangrich
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Chaisawang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Parichat Prachaney
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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24
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Zhou WJ, Xu N, Kong L, Sun SC, Xu XF, Jia MZ, Wang Y, Chen ZY. The antidepressant roles of Wnt2 and Wnt3 in stress-induced depression-like behaviors. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e892. [PMID: 27622936 PMCID: PMC5048193 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts-related signaling pathways have been reported to play roles in the pathogenesis of stress-induced depression-like behaviors. However, there is relatively few direct evidence to indicate the effect of Wnt ligands on this process. Here, we investigated the role of Wnts in mediating chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depression-like behaviors. We found that CRS induced a significant decrease in the expression of Wnt2 and Wnt3 in the ventral hippocampus (VH) but not in the dorsal hippocampus. Knocking down Wnt2 or Wnt3 in the VH led to impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling, neurogenesis deficits and depression-like behaviors. In contrast, overexpression of Wnt2 or Wnt3 reversed CRS-induced depression-like behaviors. Moreover, Wnt2 and Wnt3 activated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and there was CREB-dependent positive feedback between Wnt2 and Wnt3. Finally, fluoxetine treatment increased Wnt2 and Wnt3 levels in the VH and knocking down Wnt2 or Wnt3 abolished the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine. Taken together, our study indicates essential roles for Wnt2 and Wnt3 in CRS-induced depression-like behaviors and antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-J Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - N Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - L Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - S-C Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X-F Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - M-Z Jia
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Z-Y Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling regulated long lasting antidepressant activities of Yueju but not ketamine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26331. [PMID: 27197752 PMCID: PMC4873804 DOI: 10.1038/srep26331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Yueju confers antidepressant effects in a rapid and long-lasting manner, similar to ketamine. CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein) signaling is implicated in depression pathology and antidepressant responses. However, the role of CREB and associated brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that ICR and Kunming strain mice conferred antidepressant responses lasting for 1 and 5 days, respectively, following a single dose of Yueju. One day post Yueju in Kunming but not ICR strain mice, expression of total and phosphorylated CREB, as well as the CREB signaling activator, PKA (protein kinase A) was up-regulated in the hippocampus. Although BDNF gene expression increased at 3 hours in both strains, it remained up-regulated at 1 day only in Kunming mice. Ketamine showed similar strain-dependent behavioral effects. However, blockade of PKA/CREB signaling blunted the antidepressant effects and reversed the up-regulation of BDNF gene expression by Yueju, but not ketamine. Conversely, blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling led to opposite effects. Taken altogether, prolonged transcriptional up-regulation of hippocampal BDNF may account for the stain-dependent enduring antidepressant responses to Yueju and ketamine, but it was mediated via PKA/CREB pathway only for Yueju.
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Herbert J, Lucassen PJ. Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: Genes, steroids, cytokines and neurogenesis - What do we need to know? Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:153-71. [PMID: 26746105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression (MDD) is prodromal to, and a component of, Alzheimer's disease (AD): it may also be a trigger for incipient AD. MDD is not a unitary disorder, so there may be particular subtypes of early life MDD that pose independent high risks for later AD, though the identification of these subtypes is problematical. There may either be a common pathological event underlying both MDD and AD, or MDD may sensitize the brain to a second event ('hit') that precipitates AD. MDD may also accelerate brain ageing, including altered DNA methylation, increased cortisol but decreasing DHEA and thus the risk for AD. So far, genes predicting AD (e.g. APOEε4) are not risk factors for MDD, and those implicated in MDD (e.g. SLC6A4) are not risks for AD, so a common genetic predisposition looks unlikely. There is as yet no strong indication that an epigenetic event occurs during some forms of MDD that predisposes to later AD, though the evidence is limited. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are disturbed in some cases of MDD and in AD. GCs have marked degenerative actions on the hippocampus, a site of early β-amyloid deposition, and rare genetic variants of GC-regulating enzymes (e.g. 11β-HSD) predispose to AD. GCs also inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity, and thus episodic memory, a core symptom of AD. Disordered GCs in MDD may inhibit neurogenesis, but the contribution of diminished neurogenesis to the onset or progression of AD is still debated. GCs and cytokines also reduce BDNF, implicated in both MDD and AD and hippocampal neurogenesis, reinforcing the notion that those cases of MDD with disordered GCs may be a risk for AD. Cytokines, including IL1β, IL6 and TNFα, are increased in the blood in some cases of MDD. They also reduce hippocampal neurogenesis, and increased cytokines are a known risk for later AD. Inflammatory changes occur in both MDD and AD (e.g. raised CRP, TNFα). Both cytokines and GCs can have pro-inflammatory actions in the brain. Inflammation (e.g. microglial activation) may be a common link, but this has not been systematically investigated. We lack substantial, rigorous and comprehensive follow-up studies to better identify possible subtypes of MDD that may represent a major predictor for later AD. This would enable specific interventions during critical episodes of these subtypes of MDD that should reduce this substantial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Herbert
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhao J, Luo D, Liang Z, Lao L, Rong J. Plant Natural Product Puerarin Ameliorates Depressive Behaviors and Chronic Pain in Mice with Spared Nerve Injury (SNI). Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2801-2812. [PMID: 27013468 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous relief of the pain from body and brain remains an ongoing challenge. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether plant-derived isoflavone puerarin could ameliorate comorbid depression and pain. We investigated the effects of puerarin on depressive-like behaviors and neuropathic pain in C57BL/6 N mice with spared nerve injury (SNI). After SNI surgery, mice were allowed to recover spontaneously for 7 days and subsequently treated with puerarin, anti-depressant citalopram, and analgesic ibuprofen, alone or in combination, for 8 or 14 days. Forced swim test and tail suspension test were used to assess depressive-like behaviors, whereas von Frey filament test was used to estimate the sensitivity to the mechanical stimulation. Our results suggested that puerarin effectively ameliorated depression and pain in SNI mice although citalopram exhibited anti-depressant activity. In contrast, ibuprofen showed lesser activities against SNI-induced depression and pain. Further mechanistic studies revealed the uniqueness of puerarin as follows: (1) puerarin did not recover SNI-induced depletion of reduced glutathione and loss of superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas citalopram and ibuprofen showed somewhat antioxidant activities; (2) puerarin markedly promoted the activation of CREB pathway although puerarin and citalopram activated ERK pathway to the same extent; (3) puerarin rapidly and persistently induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression whereas citalopram only induced BDNF expression after a prolonged stimulation. Collectively, these results suggest that puerarin may ameliorate the SNI-induced depression and pain via activating ERK, CREB, and BDNF pathways. Puerarin may serve as new lead compound for the development of novel therapeutics for depression and pain comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhaohui Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Shah AP, Carreno FR, Wu H, Chung YA, Frazer A. Role of TrkB in the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects of vagal nerve stimulation: Comparison with desipramine. Neuroscience 2016; 322:273-86. [PMID: 26899129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A current hypothesis regarding the mechanism of antidepressant (AD) action suggests the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Consistent with this hypothesis, the receptor for BDNF (and neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5)), Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), is activated in rodents by treatment with classical AD drugs. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), a therapy for treatment resistant depression (TRD), also activates TrkB in rodents. However, the role of this receptor in the therapeutic effects of VNS is unclear. In the current study, the involvement of TrkB in the effects of VNS was investigated in rats using its inhibitor, K252a. Anxiolytic-like and AD-like effects were analyzed using the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT) and forced swim test (FST), respectively. K252a blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of chronic VNS treatment and the AD-like effect of acute VNS treatment. By contrast, blocking TrkB did not prevent either the anxiolytic-like or AD-like effect of chronic treatment with desipramine (DMI), a selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor; it did, however, block the acute effect of DMI in the FST. To examine whether the activation of TrkB caused by either VNS or DMI is ligand-dependent, use was made of TrkB-Fc, a molecular scavenger for ligands of TrkB. Intraventricular administration of TrkB-Fc blocked the acute activation of TrkB induced by either treatment, indicating that treatment-induced activation of this receptor is ligand-dependent. The behavioral results highlight differences in the involvement of TrkB in the chronic effects of an AD drug and a stimulation therapy as well as its role in acute versus chronic effects of DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - F R Carreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - H Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Y A Chung
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Frazer
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System (STVHCS), Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kitahara Y, Ohta K, Hasuo H, Shuto T, Kuroiwa M, Sotogaku N, Togo A, Nakamura KI, Nishi A. Chronic Fluoxetine Induces the Enlargement of Perforant Path-Granule Cell Synapses in the Mouse Dentate Gyrus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147307. [PMID: 26788851 PMCID: PMC4720354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is the most commonly prescribed antidepressant for the treatment of major depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are not fully understood. In the dentate gyrus, chronic fluoxetine treatment induces increased excitability of mature granule cells (GCs) as well as neurogenesis. The major input to the dentate gyrus is the perforant path axons (boutons) from the entorhinal cortex (layer II). Through voltage-sensitive dye imaging, we found that the excitatory neurotransmission of the perforant path synapse onto the GCs in the middle molecular layer of the mouse dentate gyrus (perforant path-GC synapse) is enhanced after chronic fluoxetine treatment (15 mg/kg/day, 14 days). Therefore, we further examined whether chronic fluoxetine treatment affects the morphology of the perforant path-GC synapse, using FIB/SEM (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy). A three-dimensional reconstruction of dendritic spines revealed the appearance of extremely large-sized spines after chronic fluoxetine treatment. The large-sized spines had a postsynaptic density with a large volume. However, chronic fluoxetine treatment did not affect spine density. The presynaptic boutons that were in contact with the large-sized spines were large in volume, and the volumes of the mitochondria and synaptic vesicles inside the boutons were correlated with the size of the boutons. Thus, the large-sized perforant path-GC synapse induced by chronic fluoxetine treatment contains synaptic components that correlate with the synapse size and that may be involved in enhanced glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kitahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasuo
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
| | - Takahide Shuto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
| | - Mahomi Kuroiwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Sotogaku
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
| | - Akinobu Togo
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830–0011, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Imoto Y, Kira T, Sukeno M, Nishitani N, Nagayasu K, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S, Kobayashi K, Segi-Nishida E. Role of the 5-HT4 receptor in chronic fluoxetine treatment-induced neurogenic activity and granule cell dematuration in the dentate gyrus. Mol Brain 2015; 8:29. [PMID: 25976618 PMCID: PMC4430984 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic treatment with selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) facilitates adult neurogenesis and reverses the state of maturation in mature granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Recent studies have suggested that the 5-HT4 receptor is involved in both effects. However, it is largely unknown how the 5-HT4 receptor mediates neurogenic effects in the DG and, how the neurogenic and dematuration effects of SSRIs interact with each other. Results We addressed these issues using 5-HT4 receptor knockout (5-HT4R KO) mice. Expression of the 5-HT4 receptor was detected in mature GCs but not in neuronal progenitors of the DG. We found that chronic treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine significantly increased cell proliferation and the number of doublecortin-positive cells in the DG of wild-type mice, but not in 5-HT4R KO mice. We then examined the correlation between the increased neurogenesis and the dematuration of GCs. As reported previously, reduced expression of calbindin in the DG, as an index of dematuration, by chronic fluoxetine treatment was observed in wild-type mice but not in 5-HT4R KO mice. The proliferative effect of fluoxetine was inversely correlated with the expression level of calbindin in the DG. The expression of neurogenic factors in the DG, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), was also associated with the progression of dematuration. These results indicate that the neurogenic effects of fluoxetine in the DG are closely associated with the progression of dematuration of GCs. In contrast, the DG in which neurogenesis was impaired by irradiation still showed significant reduction of calbindin expression by chronic fluoxetine treatment, suggesting that dematuration of GCs by fluoxetine does not require adult neurogenesis in the DG. Conclusions We demonstrated that the 5-HT4 receptor plays an important role in fluoxetine-induced adult neurogenesis in the DG in addition to GC dematuration, and that these phenomena are closely associated. Our results suggest that 5-HT4 receptor-mediated phenotypic changes, including dematuration in mature GCs, underlie the neurogenic effect of SSRIs in the DG, providing new insight into the cellular mechanisms of the neurogenic actions of SSRIs in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Kira
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Mamiko Sukeno
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Eri Segi-Nishida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
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Nam SM, Kim JW, Yoo DY, Choi JH, Kim W, Jung HY, Won MH, Hwang IK, Seong JK, Yoon YS. Comparison of pharmacological and genetic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2: effects on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. J Vet Sci 2014; 16:245-51. [PMID: 25549214 PMCID: PMC4588009 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has received much attention because of its role in neuro-inflammation and synaptic plasticity. Even though COX-2 levels are high in healthy animals, the function of this factor in adult neurogenesis has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, we performed the present study to compare the effects of pharmacological and genetic inhibition of COX-2 on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Physiological saline or the same volume containing celecoxib was administered perorally every day for 5 weeks using a feeding needle. Compared to the control, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of COX-2 reduced the appearance of nestin-immunoreactive neural stem cells, Ki67-positive nuclei, and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus. In addition, a decrease in phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) at Ser133 was observed. Compared to pharmacological inhibition, genetic inhibition of COX-2 resulted in significant reduction of neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation as well as pCREB levels. These results suggest that COX-2 is part of the molecular machinery that regulates neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis via pCREB. Additionally, genetic inhibition of COX-2 strongly reduced neural stem cell populations, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus compared to pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Hussaini SMQ, Choi CI, Cho CH, Kim HJ, Jun H, Jang MH. Wnt signaling in neuropsychiatric disorders: ties with adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:369-83. [PMID: 25263701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to better understand and treat mental disorders, the Wnt pathway and adult hippocampal neurogenesis have received increased attention in recent years. One is a signaling pathway regulating key aspects of embryonic patterning, cell specification and adult tissue homeostasis. The other is the generation of newborn neurons in adulthood that integrate into the neural circuit and function in learning and memory, and mood behavior. In this review, we discuss the growing relationship between Wnt signaling-mediated regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis as it applies to neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests dysfunctional Wnt signaling may aberrantly regulate new neuron development and cognitive function. Indeed, altered expression of key Wnt pathway components are observed in the hippocampus of patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders. Clinically-utilized mood stabilizers also proceed through modulation of Wnt signaling in the hippocampus, while Wnt pathway antagonists can regulate the antidepressant response. Here, we review the role of Wnt signaling in disease etiology and pathogenesis, regulation of adult neurogenesis and behavior, and the therapeutic targeting of disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chan-Il Choi
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chang Hoon Cho
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heechul Jun
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Yasuda S, Yoshida M, Yamagata H, Iwanaga Y, Suenaga H, Ishikawa K, Nakano M, Okuyama S, Furukawa Y, Furukawa S, Ishikawa T. Imipramine Ameliorates Pain-related Negative Emotion via Induction of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:1199-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Seo MS, Scarr E, Lai CY, Dean B. Potential molecular and cellular mechanism of psychotropic drugs. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 12:94-110. [PMID: 25191500 PMCID: PMC4153869 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2014.12.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are among the most debilitating of all medical illnesses. Whilst there are drugs that can be used to treat these disorders, they give sub-optimal recovery in many people and a significant number of individuals do not respond to any treatments and remain treatment resistant. Surprisingly, the mechanism by which psychotropic drugs cause their therapeutic benefits remain unknown but likely involves the underlying molecular pathways affected by the drugs. Hence, in this review, we have focused on recent findings on the molecular mechanism affected by antipsychotic, mood stabilizing and antidepressant drugs at the levels of epigenetics, intracellular signalling cascades and microRNAs. We posit that understanding these important interactions will result in a better understanding of how these drugs act which in turn may aid in considering how to develop drugs with better efficacy or increased therapeutic reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Suk Seo
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Scarr
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brian Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Tyler CR, Solomon BR, Ulibarri AL, Allan AM. Fluoxetine treatment ameliorates depression induced by perinatal arsenic exposure via a neurogenic mechanism. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:98-109. [PMID: 24952232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have reported an association between arsenic exposure and increased rates of psychiatric disorders, including depression, in exposed populations. We have previously demonstrated that developmental exposure to low amounts of arsenic induces depression in adulthood along with several morphological and molecular aberrations, particularly associated with the hippocampus and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The extent and potential reversibility of this toxin-induced damage has not been characterized to date. In this study, we assessed the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, on adult animals exposed to arsenic during development. Perinatal arsenic exposure (PAE) induced depressive-like symptoms in a mild learned helplessness task and in the forced swim task after acute exposure to a predator odor (2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline, TMT). Chronic fluoxetine treatment prevented these behaviors in both tasks in arsenic-exposed animals and ameliorated arsenic-induced blunted stress responses, as measured by corticosterone (CORT) levels before and after TMT exposure. Morphologically, chronic fluoxetine treatment reversed deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) after PAE, specifically differentiation and survival of neural progenitor cells. Protein expression of BDNF, CREB, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and HDAC2 was significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of arsenic animals after fluoxetine treatment. This study demonstrates that damage induced by perinatal arsenic exposure is reversible with chronic fluoxetine treatment resulting in restored resiliency to depression via a neurogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Tyler
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Benjamin R Solomon
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Adam L Ulibarri
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Klomp A, Václavů L, Meerhoff GF, Reneman L, Lucassen PJ. Effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on neurogenesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in adolescent and adult rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97603. [PMID: 24827731 PMCID: PMC4020860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidepressant drug fluoxetine (Prozac) has been increasingly prescribed to children and adolescents with depressive disorders despite a lack of thorough understanding of its therapeutic effects in the paediatric population and of its putative neurodevelopmental effects. Within the framework of PRIOMEDCHILD ERA-NET, we investigated; a) effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a structural readout relevant for antidepressant action and hippocampal development; b) effects on tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) expression, a measure of serotonin synthesis; c) whether treatment effects during adolescence differed from treatment at an adult age, and d) whether they were subregion-specific. Stereological quantification of the number of proliferating (Ki-67+) cells and of the number of young migratory neurons (doublecortin+), revealed a significant age-by-treatment interaction effect, indicating that fluoxetine affects both proliferation and neurogenesis in adolescent-treated rats differently than it does in adult-treated rats. In terms of subregional differences, fluoxetine enhanced proliferation mainly in the dorsal parts of the hippocampus, and neurogenesis in both the suprapyramidal and infrapyramidal blades of the dentate gyrus in adolescent-treated rats, while no such differences were seen in adult-treated rats. Fluoxetine exerted similar age-by-treatment interaction effects on TPH cells mainly in the ventral portion of the dorsal raphe nucleus. We conclude that fluoxetine exerts divergent effects on structural plasticity and serotonin synthesis in adolescent versus adult-treated rats. These preliminary data indicate a differential sensitivity of the adolescent brain to this drug and thus warrant further research into their behavioural and translational aspects. Together with recent related findings, they further call for caution in prescribing these drugs to the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Klomp
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Václavů
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F. Meerhoff
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Sousa-Ferreira L, Aveleira C, Botelho M, Álvaro AR, Pereira de Almeida L, Cavadas C. Fluoxetine induces proliferation and inhibits differentiation of hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88917. [PMID: 24598761 PMCID: PMC3943792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of children undergo maternal exposure to antidepressants and they often present low birth weight. Therefore, it is important to understand how selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) affect the development of the hypothalamus, the key center for metabolism regulation. In this study we investigated the proliferative actions of fluoxetine in fetal hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells and demonstrate that fluoxetine induces the proliferation of these cells, as shown by increased neurospheres size and number of proliferative cells (Ki-67+ cells). Moreover, fluoxetine inhibits the differentiation of hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells, as demonstrated by decreased number of mature neurons (Neu-N+ cells) and increased number of undifferentiated cells (SOX-2+ cells). Additionally, fluoxetine-induced proliferation and maintenance of hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells leads to changes in the mRNA levels of appetite regulator neuropeptides, including Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Cocaine-and-Amphetamine-Regulated-Transcript (CART). This study provides the first evidence that SSRIs affect the development of hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells in vitro with consequent alterations on appetite neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Sousa-Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Aveleira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Botelho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Tiwari SK, Agarwal S, Seth B, Yadav A, Nair S, Bhatnagar P, Karmakar M, Kumari M, Chauhan LKS, Patel DK, Srivastava V, Singh D, Gupta SK, Tripathi A, Chaturvedi RK, Gupta KC. Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles potently induce adult neurogenesis and reverse cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease model via canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ACS NANO 2014; 8:76-103. [PMID: 24467380 DOI: 10.1021/nn405077y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, a process of generation of new neurons, is reported to be reduced in several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Induction of neurogenesis by targeting endogenous neural stem cells (NSC) could be a promising therapeutic approach to such diseases by influencing the brain self-regenerative capacity. Curcumin, a neuroprotective agent, has poor brain bioavailability. Herein, we report that curcumin-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (Cur-PLGA-NPs) potently induce NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation in vitro and in the hippocampus and subventricular zone of adult rats, as compared to uncoated bulk curcumin. Cur-PLGA-NPs induce neurogenesis by internalization into the hippocampal NSC. Cur-PLGA-NPs significantly increase expression of genes involved in cell proliferation (reelin, nestin, and Pax6) and neuronal differentiation (neurogenin, neuroD1, neuregulin, neuroligin, and Stat3). Curcumin nanoparticles increase neuronal differentiation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, involved in regulation of neurogenesis. These nanoparticles caused enhanced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, decreased GSK-3β levels, and increased promoter activity of the TCF/LEF and cyclin-D1. Pharmacological and siRNA-mediated genetic inhibition of the Wnt pathway blocked neurogenesis-stimulating effects of curcumin. These nanoparticles reverse learning and memory impairments in an amyloid beta induced rat model of AD-like phenotypes, by inducing neurogenesis. In silico molecular docking studies suggest that curcumin interacts with Wif-1, Dkk, and GSK-3β. These results suggest that curcumin nanoparticles induce adult neurogenesis through activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and may offer a therapeutic approach to treating neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, by enhancing a brain self-repair mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Tiwari
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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Fogaça MV, Galve-Roperh I, Guimarães FS, Campos AC. Cannabinoids, Neurogenesis and Antidepressant Drugs: Is there a Link? Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:263-75. [PMID: 24179463 PMCID: PMC3648779 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311030003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to clinically used antidepressants, cannabinoids can also regulate anxiety and depressive symptoms. Although the mechanisms of these effects are not completely understood, recent evidence suggests that changes in endocannabinoid system could be involved in some actions of antidepressants. Chronic antidepressant treatment modifies the expression of CB1 receptors and endocannabinoid (EC) content in brain regions related to mood and anxiety control. Moreover, both antidepressant and cannabinoids activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3-K)/Akt or PKB signaling, intracellular pathways that regulate cell proliferation and neural cell survival. Facilitation of hippocampal neurogenesis is proposed as a common effect of chronic antidepressant treatment. Genetic or pharmacological manipulations of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) or enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid-metabolism have also been shown to control proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In the present paper we reviewed the studies that have investigated the potential contribution of cannabinoids and neurogenesisto antidepressant effects. Considering the widespread brain distribution of the EC system, a better understanding of this possible interaction could contribute to the development of therapeutic alternatives to mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Viar Fogaça
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine of RibeirãoPreto- University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Berg DA, Belnoue L, Song H, Simon A. Neurotransmitter-mediated control of neurogenesis in the adult vertebrate brain. Development 2013; 140:2548-61. [PMID: 23715548 DOI: 10.1242/dev.088005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was long thought that no new neurons are added to the adult brain. Similarly, neurotransmitter signaling was primarily associated with communication between differentiated neurons. Both of these ideas have been challenged, and a crosstalk between neurogenesis and neurotransmitter signaling is beginning to emerge. In this Review, we discuss neurotransmitter signaling as it functions at the intersection of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, exploring how it may regulate the formation of new functional neurons and outlining interactions with other signaling pathways. We consider evolutionary and cross-species comparative aspects, and integrate available results in the context of normal physiological versus pathological conditions. We also discuss the potential role of neurotransmitters in brain size regulation and implications for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Berg
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Marsden WN. Synaptic plasticity in depression: molecular, cellular and functional correlates. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 43:168-84. [PMID: 23268191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity confers environmental adaptability through modification of the connectivity between neurons and neuronal circuits. This is achieved through changes to synapse-associated signaling systems and supported by complementary changes to cellular morphology and metabolism within the tripartite synapse. Mounting evidence suggests region-specific changes to synaptic form and function occur as a result of chronic stress and in depression. Within subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus structural and synapse-related findings seem consistent with a deficit in long-term potentiation (LTP) and facilitation of long-term depression (LTD), particularly at excitatory pyramidal synapses. Other brain regions are less well-studied; however the amygdala may feature a somewhat opposite synaptic pathology including reduced inhibitory tone. Changes to synaptic plasticity in stress and depression may correlate those to several signal transduction pathways (e.g. NOS-NO, cAMP-PKA, Ras-ERK, PI3K-Akt, GSK-3, mTOR and CREB) and upstream receptors (e.g. NMDAR, TrkB and p75NTR). Deficits in synaptic plasticity may further correlate disrupted brain redox and bioenergetics. Finally, at a functional level region-specific changes to synaptic plasticity in depression may relate to maladapted neurocircuitry and parallel reduced cognitive control over negative emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Marsden
- Highclere Court, Woking, Surrey, GU21 2QP, UK.
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Effects of diabetes on hippocampal neurogenesis: links to cognition and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1346-62. [PMID: 23680701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes often leads to a number of complications involving brain function, including cognitive decline and depression. In addition, depression is a risk factor for developing diabetes. A loss of hippocampal neuroplasticity, which impairs the ability of the brain to adapt and reorganize key behavioral and emotional functions, provides a framework for understanding this reciprocal relationship. The effects of diabetes on brain and behavioral functions in experimental models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are reviewed, with a focus on the negative impact of impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, dendritic remodeling and increased apoptosis. Mechanisms shown to regulate neuroplasticity and behavior in diabetes models, including stress hormones, neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, inflammation and aging, are integrated within this framework. Pathological changes in hippocampal function can contribute to the brain symptoms of diabetes-associated complications by failing to regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis, maintain learning and memory and govern emotional expression. Further characterization of alterations in neuroplasticity along with glycemic control will facilitate the development and evaluation of pharmacological interventions that could successfully prevent and/or reverse the detrimental effects of diabetes on brain and behavior.
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Patrício P, Mateus-Pinheiro A, Sousa N, Pinto L. Re-cycling paradigms: cell cycle regulation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and implications for depression. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:84-96. [PMID: 23471746 PMCID: PMC3718990 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since adult neurogenesis became a widely accepted phenomenon, much effort has been put in trying to understand the mechanisms involved in its regulation. In addition, the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, has been associated with imbalances in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. These imbalances may ultimately reflect alterations at the cell cycle level, as a common mechanism through which intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli interact with the neurogenic niche properties. Thus, the comprehension of these regulatory mechanisms has become of major importance to disclose novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we first present a comprehensive view on the cell cycle components and mechanisms that were identified in the context of the homeostatic adult hippocampal neurogenic niche. Then, we focus on recent work regarding the cell cycle changes and signaling pathways that are responsible for the neurogenesis imbalances observed in neuropathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Liu J, Somera-Molina KC, Hudson RL, Dubocovich ML. Melatonin potentiates running wheel-induced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult C3H/HeN mice hippocampus. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:222-31. [PMID: 23190173 PMCID: PMC3568494 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the role of melatonin in modulating running wheel(RW)-induced hippocampal neurogenesis in adult C3H/HeN mice. Chronic melatonin (0.02 mg/mL, oral for 12 days) treatment did not affect cell proliferation or cell survival determined by the number of BrdU-positive cells in dentate gyrus of mice with access to fixed wheel (FW). RW activity significantly increased cell proliferation [RW (n = 8) versus FW (n = 6): dorsal, 199 ± 18 versus 125 ± 12, P < 0.01; ventral, 211 ± 15 versus 123 ± 13, P < 0.01] and newborn cell survival [RW (n = 7) versus FW (n = 8): dorsal, 45 ± 8.5 versus 15 ± 1.8, P < 0.01; ventral, 48 ± 8.1 versus 15 ± 1.4)] in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. Oral melatonin treatment further potentiated RW activity-induced cell survival in both areas of the dentate gyrus [melatonin (n = 10) versus vehicle (n = 7): dorsal, 63 ± 5.4 versus 45 ± 8.5 P < 0.05; ventral, 75 ± 7.9 versus 48 ± 8.1, P < 0.01] and neurogenesis [melatonin (n = 8) versus vehicle (n = 8): dorsal, 46 ± 3.4, versus 34 ± 4.5, P < 0.05; ventral, 41 ± 3.4 versus 25 ± 2.4, P < 0.01]. We conclude that melatonin potentiates RW-induced hippocampal neurogenesis by enhancing neuronal survival suggesting that the combination of physical exercise and melatonin may be an effective treatment for diseases affecting the hippocampus neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen C. Somera-Molina
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randall L. Hudson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Margarita L. Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lin F, Chen Y, Li X, Zhao Q, Tan Z. Over-expression of circadian clock gene Bmal1 affects proliferation and the canonical Wnt pathway in NIH-3T3 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:166-72. [PMID: 22961668 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bmal1 is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Recent study reported that Bmal1-/- mice displayed many known features of premature ageing, such as reduction of bone mass. Our previous study has found that both the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and Bmal1 expression decreased with advancing age. It seemed that a positive correlation existed between Bmal1 protein level and the proliferative activity of BMSCs. β-catenin, the core factor of the canonical Wnt pathway, also showed reduced expression in aged mice. In order to further confirm this, we constructed a lentiviral vector to over-express Bmal1 in NIH-3T3 cells; successful transfection was verified. The cell proliferation rate of infected cells was higher than the non-transfected NIH-3T3 cells, suggesting that circadian clock gene Bmal1 can promote proliferation. β-catenin showed an increased expression in NIH-3T3 cells after Bmal1 over-expression, indicating that activation of the canonical Wnt pathway might be the mechanism underlying the effect of circadian clock gene Bmal on promoting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Lin
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortisol plays a multifaceted role in major depression disorder (MDD). Diurnal rhythms are disturbed, there is increased resistance to the feedback action of glucocorticoids, excess cortisol may induce MDD, basal levels may be higher and the post-awakening cortisol surge accentuated in those at risk for MDD. Does this suggest new avenues for studying MDD or its clinical management? METHOD The relevant literature was reviewed. RESULTS Cortisol contributes to genetic variants for the risk for MDD and the way that environmental events amplify risk. The corticoids' influence begins prenatally, but continues into adulthood. The impact of cortisol at each phase depends not only on its interaction with other factors, such as psychological traits and genetic variants, but also on events that have, or have not, occurred previously. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that the time is now right for serious consideration of the role of cortisol in a clinical context. Estimates of cortisol levels and the shape of the diurnal rhythm might well guide the understanding of subtypes of MDD and yield additional indicators for optimal treatment. Patients with disturbed cortisol rhythms might benefit from restitution of those rhythms; they may be distinct from those with more generally elevated levels, who might benefit from cortisol blockade. Higher levels of cortisol are a risk for subsequent depression. Should manipulation of cortisol or its receptors be considered as a preventive measure for some of those at very high risk of future MDD, or to reduce other cortisol-related consequences such as long-term cognitive decline?
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Affiliation(s)
- J Herbert
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Kim HJ, Kim TH, Choi SJ, Hong YJ, Yang JS, Sung KW, Rhie DJ, Hahn SJ, Yoon SH. Fluoxetine suppresses synaptically induced [Ca²⁺]i spikes and excitotoxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 2012; 1490:23-34. [PMID: 23131584 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a widely used antidepressant with an action that is primarily attributed to the inhibition of serotonin re-uptake into the synaptic terminals of the central nervous system. Fluoxetine also has blocking effects on various ion channels, including Ca(2+) channels. It remains unclear, however, how fluoxetine may affect synaptically induced [Ca(2+)](i) spikes. We investigated the effects of fluoxetine on [Ca(2+)](i) spikes, along with the subsequent neurotoxicity that is synaptically evoked by lowering extracellular Mg(2+) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Fluoxetine inhibited the synaptically induced [Ca(2+)](i) spikes in p-chloroamphetamine-treated and non-treated neurons, in a concentration-dependent manner. However, other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as paroxetine and citalopram, did not significantly affect the spikes. Pretreatment with fluoxetine for 5 min inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) increases induced by glutamate, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, and N-methyl-d-aspartate. Fluoxetine also inhibited α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-induced currents. In addition, fluoxetine decreased the [Ca(2+)](i) responses induced by the metabotrophic glutamate receptor agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine or the ryanodine receptor agonist caffeine. Fluoxetine inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) responses induced by 20mM KCl. Fluoxetine decreased the release of FM1-43 induced by electric field stimulation. Furthermore, fluoxetine inhibited 0.1mM [Mg(2+)](o)-induced cell death. Collectively, our results suggest that fluoxetine suppresses the spikes and protects neurons against excitotoxicity, particularly in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, presumably due to both direct inhibition of presynaptic glutamate release and postsynaptic glutamate receptor-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) signaling. In addition to an indirect inhibitory effect via 5-HT levels, these data suggest a new, possibly direct inhibitory action of fluoxetine on synaptically induced [Ca(2+)](i) spikes and neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, San #29, Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea
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McLaren D, Gorba T, Marguerie de Rotrou A, Pillai G, Chappell C, Stacey A, Lingard S, Falk A, Smith A, Koch P, Brüstle O, Vickers R, Tinsley J, Flanders D, Bello P, Craig S. Automated large-scale culture and medium-throughput chemical screen for modulators of proliferation and viability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuroepithelial-like stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:258-68. [PMID: 23042076 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112461446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate proof-of-concept feasibility for the use of human neural stem cells (NSCs) for high-throughput screening (HTS) applications. For this study, an adherent human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived long-term, self-renewing, neuroepithelial-like stem (lt-NES) cell line was selected as a representative NSC. Here, we describe the automated large-scale serum-free culture ("scale-up") of human lt-NES cells on the CompacT SelecT cell culture robotic platform, followed by their subsequent automated "scale-out" into a microwell plate format. We also report a medium-throughput screen of 1000 compounds to identify modulators of neural stem cell proliferation and/or survival. The screen was performed on two independent occasions using a cell viability assay with end-point reading resulting in the identification of 24 potential hit compounds, 5 of which were found to increase the proliferation and/or survival of human lt-NES on both occasions. Follow-up studies confirmed a dose-dependent effect of one of the hit compounds, which was a Cdk-2 modulator. This approach could be further developed as part of a strategy to screen compounds to either improve the procedures for the in vitro expansion of neural stem cells or to potentially modulate endogenous neural stem cell behavior in the diseased nervous system.
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49
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Chen BY, Wang X, Wang ZY, Wang YZ, Chen LW, Luo ZJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulates proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, possibly by triggering the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Neurosci Res 2012; 91:30-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Herbert J, Ban M, Brown GW, Harris TO, Ogilvie A, Uher R, Craig TKJ. Interaction between the BDNF gene Val/66/Met polymorphism and morning cortisol levels as a predictor of depression in adult women. Br J Psychiatry 2012; 201:313-9. [PMID: 22844024 PMCID: PMC3461447 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common genetic variants, such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val/66/Met polymorphism (rs6265), are known to interact with environmental factors such as early adversity to increase the risk of subsequent major depression. Much less is known about how they interact with individual differences in cortisol, although these also represent a risk for major depression. AIMS To determine whether this BDNF variant moderated the risk represented by higher levels of morning salivary cortisol in adult women. METHOD We recruited 279 premenopausal women who were at high risk of major depressive disorder because of either negative self-evaluation, unsupportive core relationship or chronic subclinical symptoms of depression or anxiety. Morning salivary cortisol was measured daily for up to 10 days at entry. Participants were followed up for about 12 months by telephone calls at 3-4 monthly intervals. Major depression and severe life events were assessed through interviews at baseline and follow-up; DNA was obtained from the saliva. RESULTS There were 53 onsets (19%) of depressive episodes during follow-up. There was a significant U-shaped relationship between adjusted morning cortisol levels at baseline and the probability of depression onset during follow-up. In total, 51% experienced at least one severe life event/difficulty, and this strongly predicted subsequent onsets of depressive episodes. The BDNF Val/66/Met genotype was not directly associated with onsets of depression or with cortisol levels, but there was significant interaction between Val/66/Met and cortisol: the association between baseline cortisol and depression was limited to those with the Val/66/Val variant. There was no interaction between life events and either this BDNF polymorphism or cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS Morning salivary cortisol interacts with the BDNF Val/66/Met polymorphism in predicting new depressive episodes. This paper adds to the evidence that single gene polymorphisms interact with endogenous factors to predict depression.
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