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Dehghanian Reyhan V, Ghafouri F, Sadeghi M, Miraei-Ashtiani SR, Kastelic JP, Barkema HW, Shirali M. Integrated Comparative Transcriptome and circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA Regulatory Network Analyses Identify Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Intramuscular Fat Content in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2598. [PMID: 37627391 PMCID: PMC10451991 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat content (IMF), one of the most important carcass traits in beef cattle, is controlled by complex regulatory factors. At present, molecular mechanisms involved in regulating IMF and fat metabolism in beef cattle are not well understood. Our objective was to integrate comparative transcriptomic and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analyses to identify candidate messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and regulatory RNAs involved in molecular regulation of longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) tissue for IMF and fat metabolism of 5 beef cattle breeds (Angus, Chinese Simmental, Luxi, Nanyang, and Shandong Black). In total, 34 circRNAs, 57 lncRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 374 mRNAs were identified by integrating gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Furthermore, 7 key subnets with 16 circRNAs, 43 lncRNAs, 7 miRNAs, and 237 mRNAs were detected through clustering analyses, whereas GO enrichment analysis of identified RNAs revealed 48, 13, and 28 significantly enriched GO terms related to IMF in biological process, molecular function, and cellular component categories, respectively. The main metabolic-signaling pathways associated with IMF and fat metabolism that were enriched included metabolic, calcium, cGMP-PKG, thyroid hormone, and oxytocin signaling pathways. Moreover, MCU, CYB5R1, and BAG3 genes were common among the 10 comparative groups defined as important candidate marker genes for fat metabolism in beef cattle. Contributions of transcriptome profiles from various beef breeds and a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network underlying phenotypic differences in IMF provided novel insights into molecular mechanisms associated with meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Dehghanian Reyhan
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (V.D.R.); (F.G.); (S.R.M.-A.)
| | - Farzad Ghafouri
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (V.D.R.); (F.G.); (S.R.M.-A.)
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (V.D.R.); (F.G.); (S.R.M.-A.)
| | - Seyed Reza Miraei-Ashtiani
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (V.D.R.); (F.G.); (S.R.M.-A.)
| | - John P. Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (J.P.K.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (J.P.K.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Masoud Shirali
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT26 6DR, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AJ, UK
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2
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Ostrom KF, LaVigne JE, Brust TF, Seifert R, Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS. Physiological roles of mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclase isoforms. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:815-857. [PMID: 34698552 PMCID: PMC8759965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1-9, that serve as major effector enzymes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The transmembrane ACs display varying expression patterns across tissues, giving the potential for them to have a wide array of physiological roles. Cells express multiple AC isoforms, implying that ACs have redundant functions. Furthermore, all transmembrane ACs are activated by Gαs, so it was long assumed that all ACs are activated by Gαs-coupled GPCRs. AC isoforms partition to different microdomains of the plasma membrane and form prearranged signaling complexes with specific GPCRs that contribute to cAMP signaling compartments. This compartmentation allows for a diversity of cellular and physiological responses by enabling unique signaling events to be triggered by different pools of cAMP. Isoform-specific pharmacological activators or inhibitors are lacking for most ACs, making knockdown and overexpression the primary tools for examining the physiological roles of a given isoform. Much progress has been made in understanding the physiological effects mediated through individual transmembrane ACs. GPCR-AC-cAMP signaling pathways play significant roles in regulating functions of every cell and tissue, so understanding each AC isoform's role holds potential for uncovering new approaches for treating a vast array of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin E LaVigne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
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Vacuolar Protein-Sorting Receptor MoVps13 Regulates Conidiation and Pathogenicity in Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121084. [PMID: 34947066 PMCID: PMC8708568 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae (synonym Pyricularia oryzae) is a filamentous fungal pathogen that causes major yield losses in cultivated rice worldwide. However, the mechanisms of infection of M. oryzae are not well characterized. The VPS13 proteins play vital roles in various biological processes in many eukaryotic organisms, including in the organization of actin cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, mitochondrial fusion, and phagocytosis. Nevertheless, the function of the Vps13 protein in plant pathogenic fungi has not been explored. Here, we analysed the biological functions of the Vps13 protein in the development and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. Deletion mutants of MoVps13 significantly reduced the conidiation and decreased the rate of fungal infection on hosts. Moreover, the loss of MoVps13 resulted in defective cell wall integrity (CWI) and plasma membrane (PM) homeostasis when treated with chemicals for inducing cell wall stress (200 mg/mL Congo Red or 0.005% SDS) and sphingolipid synthesis inhibitors (2 μM myriocin or 2 μM amphotericin B). This indicated that MoVps13 is also involved in cell wall synthesis and sphingolipid synthesis. Through immunoblotting, autophagic flux detection, co-localization, and chemical drug sensitivity assays, we confirmed the involvement of Movps13 in ER-phagy and the response to ER stress. Additionally, we generated the C-terminal structure of MoVps13 with high accuracy using the alphaflod2 database. Our experimental evidence indicates that MoVps13 is an important virulence factor that regulates the pathogenicity of M. oryzae by controlling CWI, lipid metabolism and the ER-phagy pathway. These results have expanded our knowledge about pathogenic fungi and will help exploration for novel therapeutic strategies against the rice blast fungus.
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Dommel S, Hoffmann A, Berger C, Kern M, Klöting N, Kannt A, Blüher M. Effects of Whole-Body Adenylyl Cyclase 5 ( Adcy5) Deficiency on Systemic Insulin Sensitivity and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4353. [PMID: 33919448 PMCID: PMC8122634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified adenylyl cyclase type 5 (ADCY5) as candidate gene for diabetes-related quantitative traits and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Mice with a whole-body deletion of Adcy5 (Adcy5-/-) do not develop obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, have improved cardiac function and increased longevity. Here, we investigated Adcy5 knockout mice (Adcy5-/-) to test the hypothesis that changes in adipose tissue (AT) may contribute to the reported healthier phenotype. In contrast to previous reports, we found that deletion of Adcy5 did not confer any physiological or biochemical benefits. However, this unexpected finding allowed us to investigate the effects of Adcy5 depletion on AT independently of lower body weight and a metabolically healthier phenotype. Adcy5-/- mice exhibited an increased number of smaller adipocytes, lower mean adipocyte size and a distinct AT gene expression pattern with midline 1 (Mid1) as the most significantly downregulated gene compared to control mice. Our Adcy5-/- model challenges previously described beneficial effects of Adcy5 deficiency and suggests that targeting Adcy5 does not improve insulin sensitivity and may therefore limit the relevance of ADCY5 as potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dommel
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Claudia Berger
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Matthias Kern
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Nora Klöting
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Experimental Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Sanofi Diabetes Research and Development, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
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Hook SC, Chadt A, Heesom KJ, Kishida S, Al-Hasani H, Tavaré JM, Thomas EC. TBC1D1 interacting proteins, VPS13A and VPS13C, regulate GLUT4 homeostasis in C2C12 myotubes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17953. [PMID: 33087848 PMCID: PMC7578007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins involved in the spaciotemporal regulation of GLUT4 trafficking represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A key regulator of insulin- and exercise-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 trafficking is TBC1D1. This study aimed to identify proteins that regulate GLUT4 trafficking and homeostasis via TBC1D1. Using an unbiased quantitative proteomics approach, we identified proteins that interact with TBC1D1 in C2C12 myotubes including VPS13A and VPS13C, the Rab binding proteins EHBP1L1 and MICAL1, and the calcium pump SERCA1. These proteins associate with TBC1D1 via its phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains and their interactions with TBC1D1 were unaffected by AMPK activation, distinguishing them from the AMPK regulated interaction between TBC1D1 and AMPKα1 complexes. Depletion of VPS13A or VPS13C caused a post-transcriptional increase in cellular GLUT4 protein and enhanced cell surface GLUT4 levels in response to AMPK activation. The phenomenon was specific to GLUT4 because other recycling proteins were unaffected. Our results provide further support for a role of the TBC1D1 PTB domains as a scaffold for a range of Rab regulators, and also the VPS13 family of proteins which have been previously linked to fasting glycaemic traits and insulin resistance in genome wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C Hook
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kate J Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeremy M Tavaré
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Elaine C Thomas
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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6
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Common genetic variants in ADCY5 and gestational glycemic traits. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230032. [PMID: 32163478 PMCID: PMC7067392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two meta-analysis of genome wide association studies identified two variants at adenylate cyclase 5 (ADCY5) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, fasting and 2-hour glucose in non-pregnant individuals of European descent. The objective of our study was to explore the role of common variants in ADCY5 on gestational glycemic traits, including plasma glucose, insulin values, β cell function and insulin resistance in the fasted state as well as plasma glucose 1 hour after a 50-gram glucose challenge test among Chinese Han women. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to quantify β cell function (HOMA1-β and HOMA2-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR). Thirty-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADCY5 were genotyped in 929 unrelated Chinese Han women with singleton pregnancies. Three SNPs (rs6797915, rs9856662 and rs9875803) displayed evidence for association with plasma glucose 1 hour after a 50-gram glucose challenge test (P = 0.042, 0.018 and 0.018, respectively), one (rs6777397) displayed evidence for association with HOMA1-β (P = 0.014), and one (rs6762009) displayed evidence for association with HOMA1-IR (P = 0.033). These results provide additional insight into the effects of genetic variation within ADCY5 in glucose metabolism, especially during pregnancy and in non-European descent populations.
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El K, Campbell JE. The role of GIP in α-cells and glucagon secretion. Peptides 2020; 125:170213. [PMID: 31785304 PMCID: PMC7580028 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an intestinally derived peptide that is secreted in response to feeding. The GIP receptor (GIPR) is expressed in many cell types involved in the regulation of metabolism, including α- and β-cells. Glucagon and insulin exert tremendous control over glucose metabolism. Thus, GIP action in islets strongly dictates metabolic control in the postprandial state. Loss of GIPR activity in β-cells is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) which associates with reduced postprandial insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. Less is known about GIPR activity in α-cells or the control of glucagon secretion. GIP stimulates glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner in healthy people, with enhanced activity at lower glycemia. However, GIP stimulates glucagon secretion even at hyperglycemia in people with T2D, suggesting that inappropriate GIPR activity in α-cells contributes to the pathogenesis of T2D. Here, we review the literature describing GIP action and GIPR activity in the α-cell, detailing the basic science that has shaped the view of how GIP regulates glucagon secretion. We also contrast the effects of GIP on glucagon secretion in healthy and T2D people. Finally, we contextualize these observations in light of recent work that redefines the role of glucagon in glucose homeostasis, suggesting that hyperglucagonemia per se does not drive hyperglycemia. As new medications for T2D that incorporate GIPR activity are being developed, it is clear that a better understanding of GIPR activity beyond the β-cell is necessary. This work highlights the importance of focusing on the GIPR in α-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Pazoki R, Evangelou E, Mosen-Ansorena D, Pinto RC, Karaman I, Blakeley P, Gill D, Zuber V, Elliott P, Tzoulaki I, Dehghan A. GWAS for urinary sodium and potassium excretion highlights pathways shared with cardiovascular traits. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3653. [PMID: 31409800 PMCID: PMC6692500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary sodium and potassium excretion are associated with blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The exact biological link between these traits is yet to be elucidated. Here, we identify 50 loci for sodium and 13 for potassium excretion in a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) on urinary sodium and potassium excretion using data from 446,237 individuals of European descent from the UK Biobank study. We extensively interrogate the results using multiple analyses such as Mendelian randomization, functional assessment, co localization, genetic risk score, and pathway analyses. We identify a shared genetic component between urinary sodium and potassium expression and cardiovascular traits. Ingenuity pathway analysis shows that urinary sodium and potassium excretion loci are over-represented in behavioural response to stimuli. Our study highlights pathways that are shared between urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Pazoki
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - David Mosen-Ansorena
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Rui Climaco Pinto
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul Blakeley
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, ITMAT Data Science Group, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Verena Zuber
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, W2 1NY, UK
- Health Data Research UK-London, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
- Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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Muñoz-Braceras S, Tornero-Écija AR, Vincent O, Escalante R. VPS13A is closely associated with mitochondria and is required for efficient lysosomal degradation. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm036681. [PMID: 30709847 PMCID: PMC6398486 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the VPS13 family are associated with various human diseases. In particular, the loss of function of VPS13A leads to chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), a rare neurodegenerative disease without available curative treatments. Autophagy has been considered a promising therapeutic target because the absence of VPS13A causes a defective autophagy flux. However, the mechanistic details of this deficiency are unknown. Here, we identified Rab7A as an interactor of one of the VPS13 family members in Dictyostelium discoideum and showed that this interaction is conserved between the human homologs VPS13A and RAB7A in HeLa cells. As RAB7A is a key player in endosome trafficking, we addressed the possible function of VPS13A in endosome dynamics and lysosome degradation. Our results suggest that the decrease in autophagy observed in the absence of VPS13A may be the result of a more general defect in endocytic trafficking and lysosomal degradation. Unexpectedly, we found that VPS13A is closely localized to mitochondria, suggesting that the role of VPS13A in the endolysosomal pathway might be related to inter-organelle communication. We show that VPS13A localizes at the interface between mitochondria-endosomes and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum and that the presence of membrane contact sites is altered in the absence of VPS13A. Based on these findings, we propose that therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the endolysosomal pathway could be beneficial in the treatment of ChAc.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muñoz-Braceras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma Madrid (UAM), 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba R Tornero-Écija
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma Madrid (UAM), 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Vincent
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma Madrid (UAM), 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma Madrid (UAM), 28029-Madrid, Spain
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10
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Rzepnikowska W, Flis K, Muñoz-Braceras S, Menezes R, Escalante R, Zoladek T. Yeast and other lower eukaryotic organisms for studies of Vps13 proteins in health and disease. Traffic 2017; 18:711-719. [PMID: 28846184 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human Vps13 proteins are associated with several diseases, including the neurodegenerative disorder Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), yet the biology of these proteins is still poorly understood. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dictyostelium discoideum, Tetrahymena thermophila and Drosophila melanogaster point to the involvement of Vps13 in cytoskeleton organization, vesicular trafficking, autophagy, phagocytosis, endocytosis, proteostasis, sporulation and mitochondrial functioning. Recent findings show that yeast Vps13 binds to phosphatidylinositol lipids via 4 different regions and functions at membrane contact sites, enlarging the list of Vps13 functions. This review describes the great potential of simple eukaryotes to decipher disease mechanisms in higher organisms and highlights novel insights into the pathological role of Vps13 towards ChAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Flis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Regina Menezes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS, Conti M, Dove S, Seifert R. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CI. Structures and Small Molecule Modulators of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:93-139. [PMID: 28255005 PMCID: PMC5394921 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Mammalian cells express nine transmembrane AC (mAC) isoforms (AC1-9) and a soluble AC (sAC, also referred to as AC10). This review will largely focus on mACs. mACs are activated by the G-protein Gαs and regulated by multiple mechanisms. mACs are differentially expressed in tissues and regulate numerous and diverse cell functions. mACs localize in distinct membrane compartments and form signaling complexes. sAC is activated by bicarbonate with physiologic roles first described in testis. Crystal structures of the catalytic core of a hybrid mAC and sAC are available. These structures provide detailed insights into the catalytic mechanism and constitute the basis for the development of isoform-selective activators and inhibitors. Although potent competitive and noncompetitive mAC inhibitors are available, it is challenging to obtain compounds with high isoform selectivity due to the conservation of the catalytic core. Accordingly, caution must be exerted with the interpretation of intact-cell studies. The development of isoform-selective activators, the plant diterpene forskolin being the starting compound, has been equally challenging. There is no known endogenous ligand for the forskolin binding site. Recently, development of selective sAC inhibitors was reported. An emerging field is the association of AC gene polymorphisms with human diseases. For example, mutations in the AC5 gene (ADCY5) cause hyperkinetic extrapyramidal motor disorders. Overall, in contrast to the guanylyl cyclase field, our understanding of the (patho)physiology of AC isoforms and the development of clinically useful drugs targeting ACs is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Stefan Dove
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Roland Seifert
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
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12
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Vonk JJ, Yeshaw WM, Pinto F, Faber AIE, Lahaye LL, Kanon B, van der Zwaag M, Velayos-Baeza A, Freire R, van IJzendoorn SC, Grzeschik NA, Sibon OCM. Drosophila Vps13 Is Required for Protein Homeostasis in the Brain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170106. [PMID: 28107480 PMCID: PMC5249141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorea-Acanthocytosis is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of locomotor and cognitive function. It is caused by loss of function mutations in the Vacuolar Protein Sorting 13A (VPS13A) gene, which is conserved from yeast to human. The consequences of VPS13A dysfunction in the nervous system are still largely unspecified. In order to study the consequences of VPS13A protein dysfunction in the ageing central nervous system we characterized a Drosophila melanogaster Vps13 mutant line. The Drosophila Vps13 gene encoded a protein of similar size as human VPS13A. Our data suggest that Vps13 is a peripheral membrane protein located to endosomal membranes and enriched in the fly head. Vps13 mutant flies showed a shortened life span and age associated neurodegeneration. Vps13 mutant flies were sensitive to proteotoxic stress and accumulated ubiquitylated proteins. Levels of Ref(2)P, the Drosophila orthologue of p62, were increased and protein aggregates accumulated in the central nervous system. Overexpression of the human Vps13A protein in the mutant flies partly rescued apparent phenotypes. This suggests a functional conservation of human VPS13A and Drosophila Vps13. Our results demonstrate that Vps13 is essential to maintain protein homeostasis in the larval and adult Drosophila brain. Drosophila Vps13 mutants are suitable to investigate the function of Vps13 in the brain, to identify genetic enhancers and suppressors and to screen for potential therapeutic targets for Chorea-Acanthocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J. Vonk
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wondwossen M. Yeshaw
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Pinto
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anita I. E. Faber
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liza L. Lahaye
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Kanon
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne van der Zwaag
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sven C. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola A. Grzeschik
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ody C. M. Sibon
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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13
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Goswami S, Yee SW, Xu F, Sridhar SB, Mosley JD, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Maeda S, Davis RL, Roden DM, Hedderson MM, Giacomini KM, Savic RM. A Longitudinal HbA1c Model Elucidates Genes Linked to Disease Progression on Metformin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:537-547. [PMID: 27415606 PMCID: PMC5534241 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One-third of type-2 diabetic patients respond poorly to metformin. Despite extensive research, the impact of genetic and nongenetic factors on long-term outcome is unknown. In this study we combine nonlinear mixed effect modeling with computational genetic methodologies to identify predictors of long-term response. In all, 1,056 patients contributed their genetic, demographic, and long-term HbA1c data. The top nine variants (of 12,000 variants in 267 candidate genes) accounted for approximately one-third of the variability in the disease progression parameter. Average serum creatinine level, age, and weight were determinants of symptomatic response; however, explaining negligible variability. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CSMD1 gene (rs2617102, rs2954625) and one SNP in a pharmacologically relevant SLC22A2 gene (rs316009) influenced disease progression, with minor alleles leading to less and more favorable outcomes, respectively. Overall, our study highlights the influence of genetic factors on long-term HbA1c response and provides a computational model, which when validated, may be used to individualize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goswami
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S W Yee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - F Xu
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - S B Sridhar
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - J D Mosley
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - A Takahashi
- RIKEN Institute, Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Kubo
- RIKEN Institute, Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Maeda
- RIKEN Institute, Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - R L Davis
- Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - D M Roden
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M M Hedderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - K M Giacomini
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - R M Savic
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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14
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Mehta ZB, Fine N, Pullen TJ, Cane MC, Hu M, Chabosseau P, Meur G, Velayos-Baeza A, Monaco AP, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Rutter GA. Changes in the expression of the type 2 diabetes-associated gene VPS13C in the β-cell are associated with glucose intolerance in humans and mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E488-507. [PMID: 27329800 PMCID: PMC5005967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) close to the VPS13C, C2CD4A and C2CD4B genes on chromosome 15q are associated with impaired fasting glucose and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. eQTL analysis revealed an association between possession of risk (C) alleles at a previously implicated causal SNP, rs7163757, and lowered VPS13C and C2CD4A levels in islets from female (n = 40, P < 0.041) but not from male subjects. Explored using promoter-reporter assays in β-cells and other cell lines, the risk variant at rs7163757 lowered enhancer activity. Mice deleted for Vps13c selectively in the β-cell were generated by crossing animals bearing a floxed allele at exon 1 to mice expressing Cre recombinase under Ins1 promoter control (Ins1Cre). Whereas Vps13c(fl/fl):Ins1Cre (βVps13cKO) mice displayed normal weight gain compared with control littermates, deletion of Vps13c had little effect on glucose tolerance. Pancreatic histology revealed no significant change in β-cell mass in KO mice vs. controls, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets was not altered in vitro between control and βVps13cKO mice. However, a tendency was observed in female null mice for lower insulin levels and β-cell function (HOMA-B) in vivo. Furthermore, glucose-stimulated increases in intracellular free Ca(2+) were significantly increased in islets from female KO mice, suggesting impaired Ca(2+) sensitivity of the secretory machinery. The present data thus provide evidence for a limited role for changes in VPS13C expression in conferring altered disease risk at this locus, particularly in females, and suggest that C2CD4A may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenobia B Mehta
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Fine
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Cane
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Hu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gargi Meur
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony P Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
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15
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Yang RY, Xue H, Yu L, Velayos-Baeza A, Monaco AP, Liu FT. Identification of VPS13C as a Galectin-12-Binding Protein That Regulates Galectin-12 Protein Stability and Adipogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153534. [PMID: 27073999 PMCID: PMC4830523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-12, a member of the galectin family of β-galactoside-binding animal lectins, is preferentially expressed in adipocytes and required for adipocyte differentiation in vitro. This protein was recently found to regulate lipolysis, whole body adiposity, and glucose homeostasis in vivo. Here we identify VPS13C, a member of the VPS13 family of vacuolar protein sorting-associated proteins highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, as a major galectin-12-binding protein. VPS13C is upregulated during adipocyte differentiation, and is required for galectin-12 protein stability. Knockdown of Vps13c markedly reduces the steady-state levels of galectin-12 by promoting its degradation through primarily the lysosomal pathway, and impairs adipocyte differentiation. Our studies also suggest that VPS13C may have a broader role in protein quality control. The regulation of galectin-12 stability by VPS13C could potentially be exploited for therapeutic intervention of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Yao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, United States of America
| | - Huiting Xue
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, United States of America
| | | | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, OX3 7BN, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817, United States of America
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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16
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Wang L, Cheng L, Li NN, Yu WJ, Sun XY, Peng R. Association of four new candidate genetic variants with Parkinson's disease in a Han Chinese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:342-7. [PMID: 26678010 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association data has identified six new risk loci (SIPA1L2, INPP5F, MIR4697, GCH1, VPS13C, and DDRGK1) for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the characteristics of those loci in a Han Chinese population from mainland China are unknown. We examined genetic associations of VPS13C rs2414739, MIR4697 rs329648, GCH1 rs11158026, and SIPA1L2 rs10797576 with PD susceptibility in a Han Chinese population of 1028 sporadic PD patients and 1109 healthy controls. All subjects were genotyped for these loci using the Sequenom iPLEX Assay. We also conducted further stratified analysis according to age at onset and compared the clinical characteristics between minor allele carriers and non-carriers for each locus. However, we did not observe any significant difference in genotype distribution between PD patients and controls for the four loci, even after being stratified by age at onset. Besides, minor allele carriers cannot be distinguished from non-carriers based on their clinical features. Our findings first demonstrated that VPS13C rs2414739, MIR4697 rs329648, GCH1 rs11158026, and SIPA1L2 rs10797576 do not confer a significant risk for PD in Chinese population. Additional replication studies in other populations and functional studies are warranted to better validate the role of the four new loci in PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Yu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Sun
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Rong Peng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, P.R. China
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17
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Ho D, Zhao X, Yan L, Yuan C, Zong H, Vatner DE, Pessin JE, Vatner SF. Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5 Deficiency Protects Against Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2015; 64:2636-45. [PMID: 25732192 PMCID: PMC4477357 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase type 5 knockout (AC5KO) mice have increased longevity and share a similar phenotype with calorie-restricted wild-type (WT) mice. To determine the in vivo metabolic properties of AC5 deficiency, we compared the effects of standard diet (SD) and high-fat diet (HFD) on obesity, energy balance, glucose regulation, and insulin sensitivity. AC5KO mice on SD had reduced body weight and adiposity compared with WT mice. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also significantly reduced in AC5KO mice. Indirect calorimetry demonstrated increased oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, and energy expenditure in AC5KO compared with WT mice on both SD and HFD. AC5KO mice also displayed improved glucose tolerance and increased whole-body insulin sensitivity, accompanied by decreased liver glycogen stores. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies confirmed the marked improvement of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in AC5KO mice primarily through increased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Moreover, the genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function were significantly increased in AC5KO skeletal muscle. These data demonstrate that deficiency of AC5 protects against obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, supporting AC5 as a potential novel therapeutic target for treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ho
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Xin Zhao
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Lin Yan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Chujun Yuan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Haihong Zong
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Jeffery E Pessin
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Stephen F Vatner
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
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18
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Knigge A, Klöting N, Schön MR, Dietrich A, Fasshauer M, Gärtner D, Lohmann T, Dreßler M, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Blüher M. ADCY5 gene expression in adipose tissue is related to obesity in men and mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120742. [PMID: 25793868 PMCID: PMC4368112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies revealed an association of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs11708067 within the ADCY5 gene—encoding adenylate cyclase 5—with increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and higher fasting glucose. However, it remains unclear whether the association between ADCY5 variants and glycemic traits may involve adipose tissue (AT) related mechanisms. We therefore tested the hypothesis that ADCY5 mRNA expression in human and mouse AT is related to obesity, fat distribution, T2D in humans and high fat diet (HFD) in mice. We measured ADCY5 mRNA expression in paired samples of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue from 244 individuals with a wide range of body weight and parameters of hyperglycemia, which have been genotyped for rs11708067. In addition, AT ADCY5 mRNA was assessed in C57BL/6NTac which underwent a 10 weeks standard chow (n = 6) or high fat diet (HFD, n = 6). In humans, visceral ADCY5 expression is significantly higher in obese compared to lean individuals. ADCY5 expression correlates with BMI, body fat mass, circulating leptin, fat distribution, waist and hip circumference, but not with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Adcy5 expression in mouse AT is significantly higher after a HFD compared to chow (p<0.05). Importantly, rs11708067 is not associated with ADCY5 mRNA expression levels in either fat depot in any of the genetic models tested. Our results suggest that changes in AT ADCY5 expression are related to obesity and fat distribution, but not with impaired glucose metabolism and T2D. However, altered ADCY5 expression in AT does not seem to be the mechanism underlying the association between rs11708067 and increased T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Knigge
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Junior Research Group 2 "Animal models of obesity", Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael R Schön
- Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Gärtner
- Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Hodson DJ, Mitchell RK, Marselli L, Pullen TJ, Gimeno Brias S, Semplici F, Everett KL, Cooper DMF, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Lavallard V, Bosco D, Piemonti L, Johnson PR, Hughes SJ, Li D, Li WH, Shapiro AMJ, Rutter GA. ADCY5 couples glucose to insulin secretion in human islets. Diabetes 2014; 63:3009-21. [PMID: 24740569 PMCID: PMC4141364 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the ADCY5 gene, encoding adenylate cyclase 5, are associated with elevated fasting glucose and increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying the effects of these polymorphic variants at the level of pancreatic β-cells remain unclear. Here, we show firstly that ADCY5 mRNA expression in islets is lowered by the possession of risk alleles at rs11708067. Next, we demonstrate that ADCY5 is indispensable for coupling glucose, but not GLP-1, to insulin secretion in human islets. Assessed by in situ imaging of recombinant probes, ADCY5 silencing impaired glucose-induced cAMP increases and blocked glucose metabolism toward ATP at concentrations of the sugar >8 mmol/L. However, calcium transient generation and functional connectivity between individual human β-cells were sharply inhibited at all glucose concentrations tested, implying additional, metabolism-independent roles for ADCY5. In contrast, calcium rises were unaffected in ADCY5-depleted islets exposed to GLP-1. Alterations in β-cell ADCY5 expression and impaired glucose signaling thus provide a likely route through which ADCY5 gene polymorphisms influence fasting glucose levels and T2D risk, while exerting more minor effects on incretin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hodson
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
| | - Ryan K Mitchell
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Silvia Gimeno Brias
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Francesca Semplici
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Katy L Everett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul R Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Stephen J Hughes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Daliang Li
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
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GCKR variants increase triglycerides while protecting from insulin resistance in Chinese children. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55350. [PMID: 23383164 PMCID: PMC3561266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in gene encoding glucokinase regulator protein (GCKR) were found to have converse effects on triglycerides and glucose metabolic traits. We aimed to investigate the influence of GCKR variants for triglycerides and glucose metabolic traits in Chinese children and adults. METHODS AND RESULTS We genotyped two GCKR variants rs1260326 and rs1260333 in children and adults, and analyzed the association between two variants and triglycerides, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR using linear regression model, and estimated the effect on insulin resistance using logistic regression model. Rs1260326 and rs1260333 associated with increased triglycerides in children and adults (p<0.05). In children, both variants significantly reduced insulin (p<0.05. for rs1260326, β = -0.07; for rs1260333, β = -0.07) and HOMA-IR (p<0.05. for rs1260326, β = -0.03; for rs1260333, β = -0.03). There were significant associations between two variants and insulin resistance for children. Under co-dominant model, for CT vs. CC, OR is 0.83 (95%CI 0.69-1.00) for rs1260326, and 0.83 (95%CI 0.68-1.00) for rs1260333; for TT vs. CC, OR is 0.72 (95%CI 0.58-0.88) for rs1260326, and 0.72 (95%CI 0.58-0.89) for rs1260333. Under allele model, for allele T vs. C, the ORs are 0.85 (95%CI 0.76-0.94) and 0.85 (95%CI 0.76-0.94) for rs1260326 and rs1260333, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the associations between GCKR variants and triglycerides in Chinese children and adults. Triglycerides-increasing alleles of GCKR variants reduce insulin and HOMA-IR index, and protect from insulin resistance in children. Our results suggested GCKR has an effect on development of insulin resistance in Chinese children.
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