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Checa-Ros A, Hsueh WC, Merck B, González-Torres H, Bermúdez V, D’Marco L. Obesity and Oral Health: The Link Between Adipokines and Periodontitis. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2024; 20:25-31. [PMID: 38812668 PMCID: PMC11132655 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2024.20.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, or the supportive tissues around the tooth. This disease has been related to different risk factors, such as the presence of plaque and calculus, tobacco smoking, low socioeconomic status, and the immune state of the host. Importantly, the chronic inflammatory environment generated by periodontitis may lead to tooth loss and diverse systemic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis and metabolic disease. Recent investigations have supported the role of obesity as a risk factor for periodontitis. Furthermore, studies have found obesity to compromise healing after periodontal therapy; however, the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Proteins called 'adipokines' could be the factor linking obesity to periodontitis. Adipokines are bioactive molecules with hormonal properties and a structure similar to cytokines produced by the adipose tissue. Although adipokines have both pro-and anti-inflammatory effects, the shift towards pro-inflammatory actions occurs when the adipose tissue becomes pathological, as observe in the progression of conditions such as obesity or adiposopathy. This article reviews the role of adipokines in the pathophysiology and progression of periodontitis by focusing on their impact on inflammation and the molecular mechanisms through which adipokines contribute to the onset and development of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Checa-Ros
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Cardiorrenales y Metabólicas, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Wei-Chung Hsueh
- Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Merck
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Cardiorrenales y Metabólicas, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Henry González-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Luis D’Marco
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Cardiorrenales y Metabólicas, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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Cores Ziskoven P, Nogueira AVB, Gutierrez LS, Weusmann J, Eick S, Buduneli N, Deschner J. Apelin Enhances the Effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum on Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054733. [PMID: 36902162 PMCID: PMC10002786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum with or without apelin on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells to better understand pathomechanistic links between periodontitis and obesity. First, the actions of F. nucleatum on COX2, CCL2, and MMP1 expressions were assessed. Subsequently, PDL cells were incubated with F. nucleatum in the presence and absence of apelin to study the modulatory effects of this adipokine on molecules related to inflammation and hard and soft tissue turnover. Regulation of apelin and its receptor (APJ) by F. nucleatum was also studied. F. nucleatum resulted in elevated COX2, CCL2, and MMP1 expressions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination of F. nucleatum and apelin led to the highest (p < 0.05) expression levels of COX2, CCL2, CXCL8, TNF-α, and MMP1 at 48 h. The effects of F. nucleatum and/or apelin on CCL2 and MMP1 were MEK1/2- and partially NF-κB-dependent. The combined effects of F. nucleatum and apelin on CCL2 and MMP1 were also observed at protein level. Moreover, F. nucleatum downregulated (p < 0.05) the apelin and APJ expressions. In conclusion, obesity could contribute to periodontitis through apelin. The local production of apelin/APJ in PDL cells also suggests a role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cores Ziskoven
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andressa V. B. Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-6131-17-7091
| | - Lorena S. Gutierrez
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | - Jens Weusmann
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Enhanced Immunomodulation, Anti-Apoptosis, and Improved Tear Dynamics of (PEG)-BHD1028, a Novel Adiponectin Receptor Agonist Peptide, for Treating Dry Eye Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010078. [PMID: 36678707 PMCID: PMC9863990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is characterized by impaired tear dynamics, leading to complex pathophysiological conditions. (PEG)-BHD1028, a peptide agonist to AdipoRs, was evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for DED based on the reported physiological function of adiponectin, including anti-inflammation and epithelial protection. Therapeutic effects of (PEG)-BHD1028 were evaluated in experimentally induced EDE with 0.001%, 0.01%, and 0.1% (PEG)-BHD1028 in mice and 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% in rabbits for 10 days. In the rabbit study, 0.05% cyclosporine was also tested as a comparator. The results from the mouse study revealed significant improvement in tear volumes, tear breakup time (TBUT), inflammation, and corneal severity score (CSS) within 10 days at all (PEG)-BHD1028 concentrations. In the rabbit study, the tear volume and TBUT significantly increased in (PEG)-BHD1028 groups compared with vehicle and 0.05% cyclosporine groups. The CSS, apoptosis rate, and corneal thickness of all (PEG)-BHD1028 and 0.05% cyclosporine groups were significantly improved relative to the vehicle group. The immune cell counts of 0.2% and 0.4% (PEG)-BHD1028 treated groups were significantly lower than those of the vehicle group. These results represent the potential of (PEG)-BHD1028 as an effective therapeutic agent for DED.
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Nibali L, Gkranias N, Mainas G, Di Pino A. Periodontitis and implant complications in diabetes. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:88-105. [PMID: 35913467 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that periodontitis is more frequent in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus than in healthy controls, suggesting that it could be considered the "sixth complication" of diabetes. Actually, diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are two extraordinarily prevalent chronic diseases that share a number of comorbidities all converging toward an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Periodontal treatment has recently been shown to have the potential to improve the metabolic control of diabetes, although long-term studies are lacking. Uncontrolled diabetes also seems to affect the response to periodontal treatment, as well as the risk to develop peri-implant diseases. Mechanisms of associations between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease include the release of advanced glycation end products as a result of hyperglycemia and a range of shared predisposing factors of genetic, microbial, and lifestyle nature. This review discusses the evidence for the risk of periodontal and peri-implant disease in diabetic patients and the potential role of the dental professional in the diabetes-periodontal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Gkranias
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mainas
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Traver C, Miralles L, Barcia JM. Association between Molecular Mechanisms and Tooth Eruption in Children with Obesity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081209. [PMID: 36010098 PMCID: PMC9406572 DOI: 10.3390/children9081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different works have reported earlier permanent teething in obese/overweight children compared to control ones. In contrast, others have reported a delayed permanent teething in undernutrition/underweight children compared to control one. It has been reported that becoming overweight or suffering from obesity can increase gingival pro-inflammatory drive and can affect orthodontic treatment (among other complications). In this sense, little is known about the molecular mechanisms affecting dental eruption timing. Leptin and adiponectin are adipocytokines signaling molecules released in overweight and underweight conditions, respectively. These adipocytokines can modulate osteocyte, odontoblast, and cementoblast activity, even regulating dental lamina initiation. The present review focuses on the molecular approach wherein leptin and adiponectin act as modulators of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) gene regulating dental eruption timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Traver
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucía Miralles
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Miguel Barcia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Effect of Green Tea on the Level of Salivary Interleukin-1 Beta in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:8992313. [PMID: 35706460 PMCID: PMC9192211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8992313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is one of the major biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in salivary IL-1β concentration in patients with chronic periodontitis following daily consumption of green tea. Methods and Materials Thirty patients with an average age of 45.8 years suffering from chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned into 2 groups (i.e., experimental and control groups). Besides receiving phase 1 periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning (SRP)), the experimental group drank green tea for a period of 6 weeks. To measure the concentration of salivary IL-1β, saliva samples were taken from both groups at 2 time points, i.e., prior to SRP (time point 1 (T0)) and after 6 weeks (time point 2 (T1)). The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to examine and compare the changes in the concentration of salivary IL-1β in each group relevant to the 2 time points (T0 and T1). Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results At the end of the study period, a significant reduction (P=0.0001) in the concentration of salivary IL-1β was observed in the experimental group (A). As for the control group (B), however, there was no significant change (P=0.307) in the concentration of salivary IL-1β after 6 weeks following phase 1 periodontal treatment. Conclusion Green tea supplementation, in addition to SRP, may reduce salivary IL-1β levels in patients with chronic periodontitis for a period of 6 weeks.
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Enkling N, Marder M, Bayer S, Götz W, Stoilov M, Kraus D. Soft tissue response to different abutment materials: A controlled and randomized human study using an experimental model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2022; 33:667-679. [PMID: 35467040 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aim of this study was to compare the soft-tissue response to implant abutments made of titanium, zirconia, zirconia veneered with feldspar ceramics and PEEK by various clinical, histological, microbiological and molecular biological markers in an experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 experimental one-piece healing abutments of four different materials were mounted on bone-level implants in 20 volunteering patients (split-mouth design). After a three months period of open healing, clinical parameters at the abutments were assessed and adjacent mucosa was sampled for inflammatory cytokine mRNA-concentrations and histological analysis by a novel method. In addition, PISF-samples were obtained for the analysis of periodonto-pathogenic bacteria counts and active MMP-8 levels. Marginal bone level change was measured by intra oral radiographs. RESULTS Abutments of the different materials did not exhibit significant differences regarding clinical parameters, pathogenic bacteria counts or pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. Likewise, no significant differences were detected regarding soft tissue morphology or bone level change. Compared to titanium abutments, significantly less mononuclear inflammatory cells were detected in the mucosa at abutments made of zirconia veneered with feldspar ceramics. CONCLUSIONS All examined abutment materials exhibited a similar soft tissue response compared to titanium and histological data did not reveal early signs of elevated inflammation caused by PEEK- and feldspar-veneered zirconia abutments. Due to the short observation period and the small sample size, a final conclusion on the long term suitability of those abutment materials cannot be drawn. However, based on the presented data, we consider further studies on that subject as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Enkling
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, University of Bonn.,Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern
| | - Michael Marder
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, University of Bonn
| | - Stefan Bayer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, University of Bonn
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn
| | - Milan Stoilov
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, University of Bonn
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Material Sciences, University of Bonn
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Zhao D, Zhang X, Feng Y, Bian Y, Fu Z, Wu Y, Ma Y, Li C, Wang J, Dai J, Fu Y, Lin S, Hu J. Taurine Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:63-72. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Wang Z, Chen Z, Fang F, Qiu W. The role of adiponectin in periodontitis: Current state and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111358. [PMID: 33561644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), which is an adipokine primarily secreted by adipose tissue into the peripheral blood, exerts anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory functions in many systemic inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a localized inflammatory disease and is also the sixth-leading complication of diabetes. Uncontrolled periodontal inflammation gradually destructs the periodontal supporting apparatus and leads to the consequent loss of teeth. Recently, emerging evidence has revealed an association between APN and periodontitis. Herein, we summarize the basic information of APN and its receptor agonists. We also overview current studies considering the role of APN in periodontitis and discuss the potential mechanisms in terms of inflammation and bone metabolism. At last, we outline the correlation between APN and systemic diseases related periodontitis. Above all, APN and its agonists are promising candidates for the treatment of periodontitis, while the underlying mechanisms and clinical translational application require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zehao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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An N, Holl J, Wang X, Rausch MA, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Potential Suppressive Effect of Nicotine on the Inflammatory Response in Oral Epithelial Cells: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020483. [PMID: 33435295 PMCID: PMC7826768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for oral mucosal and periodontal diseases. Nicotine is an important component of cigarette smoke. This study aims to investigate the impact of nicotine on the viability and inflammatory mediator production of an oral epithelial cell line in the presence of various inflammatory stimuli. Oral epithelial HSC-2 cells were challenged with nicotine (10−8–10−2 M) for 24 h in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10−7 M) for 24 h. The cell proliferation/viability was determined by MTT assay. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-8, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and β-defensin was assayed by qPCR. The production of IL-8 protein and cell surface expression of ICAM-1 was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Proliferation/viability of HSC-2 cells was unaffected by nicotine at concentrations up to 10−3 M and inhibited at 10−2 M. Nicotine had no significant effect on the basal expression of IL-8, ICAM-1, and β-defensin. At the same time, it significantly diminished P. gingivalis LPS or the TNF-α-induced expression levels of these factors. Within the limitations of this study, the first evidence was provided in vitro that nicotine probably exerts a suppressive effect on the production of inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides in human oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (N.A.); (X.W.)
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Jasmin Holl
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Xuekui Wang
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (N.A.); (X.W.)
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Marco Aoqi Rausch
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40070-2620
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
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Ivanovska J, Kang NYC, Ivanovski N, Nagy A, Belik J, Gauda EB. Recombinant adiponectin protects the newborn rat lung from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14553. [PMID: 32889775 PMCID: PMC7507528 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are at high risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension from inflammatory lung injury. In adult models, adiponectin (APN)—an adipocyte‐derived hormone—protects the lung from inflammatory injury and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Cord blood APN levels in premature infants born < 26 weeks gestation are 5% of the level in infants born at term. We previously reported the expression profile of APN and its receptors in neonatal rat lung homogenates during the first 3 weeks of postnatal development. Here, we characterize the expression profile of APN and its receptors in specific lung cells and the effects of exogenous recombinant APN (rAPN) on lipopolysaccharide‐(LPS)‐induced cytokine and chemokine production in total lung homogenates and specific lung cells. In vitro, rAPN added to primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells attenuated the expression of LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines while increasing the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, intraperitoneal rAPN (2 mg/kg), given 4 hr prior to intrapharyngeal administration of LPS (5 mg/kg) to newborn rats at postnatal day 4, significantly reduced gene and protein expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐1ß and reduced protein expression of the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1) and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 alpha (MIP‐1α) in the lung. LPS‐induced histopathological changes in the lung were also decreased. Moreover, rAPN given 20 hr after intrapharyngeal LPS had a similar effect on lung inflammation. These findings suggest a role for APN in protecting the lung from inflammation during early stages of lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julijana Ivanovska
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Na-Young Cindy Kang
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikola Ivanovski
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avita Nagy
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaques Belik
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Estelle B Gauda
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu P, Cui L, Shen L. Expression characteristics of adiponectin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand in the alveolar bone of rats with periodontitis and its effect. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1796829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Cui Lijun Stomatological Clinic, Datong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Shen
- Meiyuan Stomatological Hospital, Datong, People’s Republic of China
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Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M, Hiththetiya K, Memmert S, Gao J, Nguyen KA, Götz W, Jäger A, Wahl G, Deschner J. Characterization of a diet-induced obesity rat model for periodontal research. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:937-946. [PMID: 29907930 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with periodontitis, but the mechanisms underlying this association have yet to be unraveled. The present investigation was to evaluate a common rat model, in which obesity is induced by high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFSD), for its applicability in periodontal research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten male Wistar rats were fed a 3-month HFSD along with a matching control group. Afterwards, the body weight, adipocyte morphology, leptin and adiponectin levels in adipose tissue, gingiva, and serum as well as the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose were analyzed. For statistical analyses, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied (p < 0.05). RESULTS Body weight was significantly higher in the HFSD group after dieting as compared to control. HFSD caused a significant increase in serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leptin levels and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, adipose tissue from HFSD rats exhibited significantly larger adipocytes, displayed a significant upregulation of leptin and, surprisingly, elevated adiponectin levels, which is in contrast to chronic obesity in humans. Although leptin and adiponectin were also observed in gingival biopsies, no obvious differences between the groups were found. CONCLUSIONS Although this rat diet-induced obesity model is characterized by changes typical of obesity, it also has limitations, which have to be considered when data, especially with regard to adipokines, are extrapolated to humans. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The rodent diet-induced obesity model may be useful for unraveling pathomechanisms underlying the association between obesity and periodontal destruction but conclusions have to be drawn with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damanaki
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Memmert
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jinlong Gao
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ky-Anh Nguyen
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wahl
- Department of Oral Surgery, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
- Noel Martin Visiting Chair, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Australia.
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14
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Damanaki A, Memmert S, Nokhbehsaim M, Sanyal A, Gnad T, Pfeifer A, Deschner J. Impact of obesity and aging on crestal alveolar bone height in mice. Ann Anat 2018; 218:227-235. [PMID: 29730468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and aging are associated with periodontitis, which represents a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, i.e. the periodontium. However, if both risk factors also have a negative impact on crestal alveolar bone in a clinically healthy periodontium, has yet to be elucidated and was analyzed in this in-vivo study. Eight C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet during the entire study. Half of these mice were sacrificed at week 19 (group 1: younger lean mice), whereas the other half of the animals were sacrificed at week 25 (group 2: older lean mice). In addition, four mice were fed a high-fat diet until their sacrifice at week 19 (group 3: younger obese mice). Mandibles and maxillae were scanned by micro-computed tomography and, subsequently, the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) at all molars was determined. Levels of interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, visfatin and adiponectin in gingival samples were quantified by real-time PCR. For statistical analyses, the Mann-Whitney-U test was applied (p<0.05). As compared to lean mice, obese animals presented a significantly increased CEJ-ABC distance, i.e. reduced alveolar bone crest height, at week 19. The alveolar bone loss was mainly found at the first molars of the mandibles. In animals fed a normal diet, the alveolar bone crest height in the mandibles and maxillae was significantly lower in the older mice as compared to the younger animals. Furthermore, gingival cyclooxygenase-2 and visfatin expressions were higher in the obese versus lean mice and in the older versus younger mice. This in-vivo investigation shows that obesity and older age can result in reduced alveolar bone crest height and suggests that they represent risk factors even in a clinically healthy periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Abhishek Sanyal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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15
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Diomede F, Thangavelu SR, Merciaro I, D'Orazio M, Bramanti P, Mazzon E, Trubiani O. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human periodontal ligament stem cells: role of epigenetic modifications to the inflammation. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2826. [PMID: 29046054 PMCID: PMC5575416 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease produced by bacteria. Gingival retraction and bone and connective tissues resorption are the hallmarks of this disease. Chronic periodontitis may contribute to the risk of onset or progression of neuroinflammatory pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The main goal of the present study was to investigate if the role of epigenetic modulations is involved in periodontitis using human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) as an in vitro model system. hPDLSCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the expression of proteins associated with DNA methylation and histone acetylation, such as DNMT1 and p300, respectively, and inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB, were examined. Immunofluorescence, Western blot and next generation sequencing results demonstrated that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide significantly reduced DNA methylase DNMT1, while it markedly upregulated the level of histone acetyltransferase p300 and NF-kB in hPDLSCs. Our results showed that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide markedly regulate the genes involved in epigenetic mechanism, which may result in inflammation induction. We propose that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-treated hPDLSCs could be a potential in vitro model system to study epigenetics modulations associated with periodontitis, which might be helpful to identify novel biomarkers linked to this oral inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- University "G. d'Annunzio", Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences.
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16
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Le Sage F, Meilhac O, Gonthier MP. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces pro-inflammatory adipokine secretion and oxidative stress by regulating Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling pathways and redox enzymes in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 446:102-110. [PMID: 28216438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota LPS contributes to obesity-related chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, promoting insulin resistance. Periodontal disease also represents a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and is associated with obesity. This study compared the effect of LPS from P. gingivalis periodontopathogen and E. coli enterobacteria on inflammatory adipokine secretion and redox status of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that both LPS activated TLR2- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways involving MyD88 adaptor and NFκB transcription factor, leading to an increased secretion of leptin, resistin, IL-6 and MCP-1. These effects were partly blocked by inhibitors targeting p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. Moreover, P. gingivalis LPS reduced adiponectin secretion. Both LPS also enhanced ROS production and the expression of NOX2, NOX4 and iNOS genes. P. gingivalis LPS altered catalase gene expression. Collectively, these results showed that LPS of periodontal bacteria induced pro-inflammatory adipokine secretory profile and oxidative stress in adipocytes which may participate to obesity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Le Sage
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, F-97400, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France.
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17
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Riis JL, Bryce CI, Ha T, Hand T, Stebbins JL, Matin M, Jaedicke KM, Granger DA. Adiponectin: Serum-saliva associations and relations with oral and systemic markers of inflammation. Peptides 2017; 91:58-64. [PMID: 28363793 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses gaps in our understanding about the validity and utility of using salivary adiponectin to index serum adiponectin levels. Matched blood and saliva samples were collected on a single occasion from healthy adults (n=99; age 18-36 years, 53% male). Serum and saliva was assayed for adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα), and saliva was also assayed for markers of blood contamination (transferrin), total protein (salivary flow rate) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). We examined the extent to which salivary adiponectin was associated with serum adiponectin, and the influence of potential confounders on the serum-saliva correlation, including age, sex, body mass index, and markers of inflammation, oral health, salivary blood contamination, and flow rate. Findings revealed a modest serum-saliva association for adiponectin, and strong positive associations between salivary adiponectin and salivary levels of inflammatory cytokines, MMP-8, transferrin, and total protein. By contrast, salivary adiponectin was not related to serum levels of inflammatory activity. The magnitude of the serum-saliva association was strengthened when controlling for total protein in saliva, blood leakage into oral fluid, salivary inflammatory cytokines, and MMP-8. The pattern of findings extends our understanding of salivary adiponectin and its potential use as an index of circulating adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Riis
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Crystal I Bryce
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tracey Hand
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - John L Stebbins
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Marla Matin
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Katrin M Jaedicke
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA; Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
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18
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Reckenbeil J, Kraus D, Stark H, Rath-Deschner B, Jäger A, Wenghoefer M, Winter J, Götz W. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) affects proliferation and differentiation and wound healing processes in an inflammatory environment with p38 controlling early osteoblast differentiation in periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 73:142-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Liukkonen J, Gürsoy UK, Pussinen PJ, Suominen AL, Könönen E. Salivary Concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17A, and IL-23 Vary in Relation to Periodontal Status. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1484-1491. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Walker J, Imboeck JM, Walker JM, Maitra A, Haririan H, Rausch-Fan X, Dodds M, Inui T, Somoza V. Magnolia officinalis L. Fortified Gum Improves Resistance of Oral Epithelial Cells Against Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1167-1185. [PMID: 27627917 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues are known health problems worldwide. Therefore, anti-inflammatory active compounds are used in oral care products to reduce long-term inflammation. In addition to inducing inflammation, pathogen attack leads to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may lead to oxidative damage of macromolecules. Magnolia officinalis L. bark extract (MBE) has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in vitro. In the present study, the influence of MBE-fortified chewing gum on the resistance against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress of oral epithelial cells was investigated in a four-armed parallel designed human intervention trial with 40 healthy volunteers. Ex vivo stimulation of oral epithelial cells with LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis for 6[Formula: see text]h increased the mRNA expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1[Formula: see text], IL-[Formula: see text], IL-8, MIP-1[Formula: see text], and TNF[Formula: see text]. Chewing MBE-fortified gum for 10[Formula: see text]min reduced the ex vivo LPS-induced increase of IL-8 release by 43.8 [Formula: see text] 17.1% at the beginning of the intervention. In addition, after the two-week intervention with MBE-fortified chewing gum, LPS-stimulated TNF[Formula: see text] release was attenuated by 73.4 [Formula: see text] 12.0% compared to chewing regular control gum. This increased resistance against LPS-induced inflammation suggests that MBE possesses anti-inflammatory activity in vivo when added to chewing gum. In contrast, the conditions used to stimulate an immune response of oral epithelial cells failed to induce oxidative stress, measured by catalase activity, or oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Walker
- * Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Maria Imboeck
- * Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joel Michael Walker
- * Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hady Haririan
- ‡ Competence Center for Oral Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Gottlieb University, Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- ‡ Competence Center for Oral Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Gottlieb University, Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Taichi Inui
- † Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Veronika Somoza
- * Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Hoppe T, Kraus D, Novak N, Probstmeier R, Frentzen M, Wenghoefer M, Jepsen S, Winter J. Oral pathogens change proliferation properties of oral tumor cells by affecting gene expression of human defensins. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13789-13798. [PMID: 27481514 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of oral pathogens onto the generation and variability of oral tumors has only recently been investigated. To get further insights, oral cancer cells were treated with pathogens and additionally, as a result of this bacterial cellular infection, with human defensins, which are as anti-microbial peptide members of the innate immune system. After cell stimulation, proliferation behavior, expression analysis of oncogenic relevant defensin genes, and effects on EGFR signaling were investigated. The expression of oncogenic relevant anti-microbial peptides was analyzed with real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cell culture experiments were performed to examine cellular impacts caused by stimulation, i.e., altered gene expression, proliferation rate, and EGF receptor-dependent signaling. Incubation of oral tumor cells with an oral pathogen (Porphyromonas gingivalis) and human α-defensins led to an increase in cell proliferation. In contrast, another oral bacterium used, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, enhanced cell death. The bacteria and anti-microbial peptides exhibited diverse effects on the transcript levels of oncogenic relevant defensin genes and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. These two oral pathogens exhibited opposite primary effects on the proliferation behavior of oral tumor cells. Nevertheless, both microbe species led to similar secondary impacts on the proliferation rate by modifying expression levels of oncogenic relevant α-defensin genes. In this respect, oral pathogens exerted multiplying effects on tumor cell proliferation. Additionally, human defensins were shown to differently influence epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, supporting the hypothesis that these anti-microbial peptides serve as ligands of EGFR, thus modifying the proliferation behavior of oral tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hoppe
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Science, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Probstmeier
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Frentzen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Wenghoefer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Reichelt J, Winter J, Meister J, Frentzen M, Kraus D. A novel blue light laser system for surgical applications in dentistry: evaluation of specific laser-tissue interactions in monolayer cultures. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:985-994. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Xuan D, Han Q, Tu Q, Zhang L, Yu L, Murry D, Tu T, Lian J, Stein GS, Zhang J, Chen J. Epigenetic Modulation in Periodontitis: Interaction of Adiponectin and JMJD3-IRF4 Axis in Macrophages. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1090-6. [PMID: 26399931 PMCID: PMC5298882 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an important role for epigenetic mechanisms in modulating signals during macrophage polarization and inflammation. JMJD3, a JmjC family histone demethylase necessary for M2 polarization is also required for effective induction of multiple M1 genes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the effects of JMJD3 to inflammation in the context of obesity remains unknown. To address this deficiency, we firstly examined the expression of JMJD3 in macrophage isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue of diet induced obesity (DIO) mice. The results indicated that JMJD3 was down-regulated in obesity. Adiponectin (APN), a factor secreted by adipose tissue which is down-regulated in obesity, functions to switch macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, thereby attenuating chronic inflammation. Intriguingly, our results indicated that APN contributed to JMJD3 up-regulation, reduced macrophage infiltration in obese adipose tissue, and abolished the up-regulation of JMJD3 in peritoneal macrophages isolated from DIO mice when challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS (pg.lps). To elucidate the interaction of APN and JMJD3 involved in macrophage transformation in the context of inflammation, we designed the loss and gain-function experiments of APN in vivo with APN(-/-) mice with experimental periodontitis and in vitro with macrophage isolated from APN(-/-) mice. For the first time, we found that APN can help to reduce periodontitis-related bone loss, modulate JMJD3 and IRF4 expression, and macrophage infiltration. Therefore, it can be inferred that APN may contribute to anti-inflammation macrophage polarization by regulating JMJD3 expression, which provides a basis for macrophage-centered epigenetic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Xuan
- Department of Periodontology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Qianqian Han
- Department of Periodontology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Liming Yu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Dana Murry
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Tianchi Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jane Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, C401 Given Building, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, C401 Given Building, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jincai Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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24
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Kraus D, Reckenbeil J, Wenghoefer M, Stark H, Frentzen M, Allam JP, Novak N, Frede S, Götz W, Probstmeier R, Meyer R, Winter J. Ghrelin promotes oral tumor cell proliferation by modifying GLUT1 expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1287-99. [PMID: 26407611 PMCID: PMC11108541 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In our study, ghrelin was investigated with respect to its capacity on proliferative effects and molecular correlations on oral tumor cells. The presence of all molecular components of the ghrelin system, i.e., ghrelin and its receptors, was analyzed and could be detected using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. To examine cellular effects caused by ghrelin and to clarify downstream-regulatory mechanisms, two different oral tumor cell lines (BHY and HN) were used in cell culture experiments. Stimulation of either cell line with ghrelin led to a significantly increased proliferation. Signal transduction occurred through phosphorylation of GSK-3β and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. This effect could be inhibited by blocking protein kinase A. Glucose transporter1 (GLUT1), as an important factor for delivering sufficient amounts of glucose to tumor cells having high requirements for this carbohydrate (Warburg effect) was up-regulated by exogenous and endogenous ghrelin. Silencing intracellular ghrelin concentrations using siRNA led to a significant decreased expression of GLUT1 and proliferation. In conclusion, our study describes the role for the appetite-stimulating peptide hormone ghrelin in oral cancer proliferation under the particular aspect of glucose uptake: (1) tumor cells are a source of ghrelin. (2) Ghrelin affects tumor cell proliferation through autocrine and/or paracrine activity. (3) Ghrelin modulates GLUT1 expression and thus indirectly enhances tumor cell proliferation. These findings are of major relevance, because glucose uptake is assumed to be a promising target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Reckenbeil
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wenghoefer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helmut Stark
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Frentzen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Allam
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stilla Frede
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Meyer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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25
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Laheij AMGA, van Loveren C, Deng D, de Soet JJ. The impact of virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis on wound healing in vitro. J Oral Microbiol 2015; 7:27543. [PMID: 26142460 PMCID: PMC4491305 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.27543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits oral epithelial wound healing in vitro more strongly than other oral bacteria, but it is unknown why P. gingivalis is such a potent inhibitor of wound healing. Objective Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of major virulence factors of P. gingivalis on wound healing in an in vitro wound-healing model. The influence of the capsular polysaccharide, the Arg- and Lys- gingipains, the major fimbriae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. Design A standardized scratch was made in a confluent layer of human oral epithelial cells HO-1-N-1. The epithelial cells were then challenged with different concentrations of several P. gingivalis wild-type strains and knockout mutants. Closure of the scratch was determined after 17 h and compared to control conditions without bacteria. Results The P. gingivalis strains ATCC 33277, W83, and W50 significantly inhibited wound healing. The presence of a capsular polysaccharide lowered significantly the inhibition of epithelial cell migration, while gingipain activity significantly increased the inhibition of cell migration. LPS and the major fimbriae did not influence epithelial cell migration. None of the tested P. gingivalis strains completely prevented the inhibition of cell migration, suggesting that other characteristics of P. gingivalis also play a role in the inhibition of wound healing, and that further research is needed. Conclusions The capsular polysaccharide and the Arg- and Lys- gingipains of P. gingivalis influenced the capacity of P. gingivalis to hinder wound healing, while LPS and the major fimbriae had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa M G A Laheij
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Cor van Loveren
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes J de Soet
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Young MRI, Levingston C, Johnson SD. Cytokine and Adipokine Levels in Patients with Premalignant Oral Lesions or in Patients with Oral Cancer Who Did or Did Not Receive 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Treatment upon Cancer Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1109-24. [PMID: 26120967 PMCID: PMC4586760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in levels of inflammation-modulating cytokines and adipokines in patients with premalignant oral lesions versus in patients that develop squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) were assessed. Also assessed was the impact of treating HNSCC patients with the immune regulatory mediator, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], on modulators of inflammation. Compared to healthy controls, patients with premalignant oral lesions had increases in their systemic levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17, and increases in the adipokine, leptin. However, levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokine were reduced in patients with HNSCC. Treatment of HNSCC patients with 1,25(OH)2D3 increased levels of each of the measured immune mediators. Levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin, were shifted inversely with the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and with leptin. These studies demonstrate heightened immune reactivity in patients with premalignant lesions, which wanes in patients with HNSCC, but which is restored by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rita I Young
- Medical Research Service (151), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Corinne Levingston
- Medical Research Service (151), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Sara D Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Katira A, Tan PH. Adiponectin and its receptor signaling: an anti-cancer therapeutic target and its implications for anti-tumor immunity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1105-25. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1035710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gölz L, Memmert S, Rath-Deschner B, Jäger A, Appel T, Baumgarten G, Götz W, Frede S. Hypoxia and P. gingivalis synergistically induce HIF-1 and NF-κB activation in PDL cells and periodontal diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:438085. [PMID: 25861162 PMCID: PMC4377543 DOI: 10.1155/2015/438085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by deep periodontal pockets favoring the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a periodontal pathogen frequently observed in patients suffering from periodontal inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the signaling pathways activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. gingivalis (LPS-PG) and hypoxia in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The relevant transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) were determined. In addition, we analyzed the expression of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PDL cells on mRNA and protein level. This was accomplished by immunohistochemistry of healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues. We detected time-dependent additive effects of LPS-PG and hypoxia on NF-κB and HIF-1α activation in PDL cells followed by an upregulation of IL-1β, MMP-1, and VEGF expression. Immunohistochemistry performed on tissue samples of gingivitis and periodontitis displayed an increase of NF-κB, HIF-1, and VEGF immunoreactivity in accordance with disease progression validating the importance of the in vitro results. To conclude, the present study underlines the significance of NF-κB and HIF-1α and their target genes VEGF, IL-1β, and MMP-1 in P. gingivalis and hypoxia induced periodontal inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Rath-Deschner
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Appel
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Baumgarten
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - W. Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Frede
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Lecchi C, Giudice C, Uggè M, Scarafoni A, Baldi A, Sartorelli P. Characterisation of adiponectin and its receptors in the bovine mammary gland and in milk. Vet J 2015; 203:296-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Papageorgiou SN, Reichert C, Jäger A, Deschner J. Effect of overweight/obesity on response to periodontal treatment: systematic review and a meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:247-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon N. Papageorgiou
- Department of Orthodontics; School of Dentistry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Oral Technology; School of Dentistry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 208; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Christoph Reichert
- Department of Orthodontics; School of Dentistry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics; School of Dentistry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 208; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Clinical Research Unit 208; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine; Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oral mucositis is one of the most prevalent toxicities after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mucositis is initiated by the chemotherapy or radiotherapy preceding the transplantation. It is commonly accepted that microorganisms play a role in the process of oral mucositis. Despite the upcoming techniques to determine the whole oral bacterial ecosystem, the exact role of the microflora in mucositis is not yet understood. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research on the oral microflora and mucositis. RECENT FINDINGS A shift in microflora, in both the intestine and the oral cavity, can be found after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The presence of oral ulcerative mucositis coincides with the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria, in particular Porphyromonas gingivalis. Moreover, this bacterium can inhibit wound healing processes in an in-vitro model. SUMMARY We come to realize that some diseases are associated with a shift in the microflora. The role of the microflora in oral and intestinal mucositis is gaining more attention in recent literature. In the oral cavity, periodontitis-associated bacteria may influence the healing of ulcerations and the role they play in mucositis may be more subtle and complicated than was previously thought.
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Gölz L, Bayer S, Keilig L, Jäger A, Stark H, Bourauel C, Götz W, Frede S, Winter J, Kraus D. Possible implications of Ni(II) on oral IL-1β-induced inflammatory processes. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1325-35. [PMID: 25447842 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nickel (Ni) is one of the main metal elements in orthodontic and prosthetic devices. Different effects of Ni are described ranging from an induction of local inflammation to allergy and cancerous/mutagenic properties. Inflammatory reactions are frequently observed in the oral cavity, but the interrelationship of Ni with those events is still unknown. Therefore, we focused on the impact of Ni on inflammation in vitro. METHODS In accordance to previous immersion tests of our lab, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) (n=6) were exposed to a pro-inflammatory environment using interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and additionally stimulated with different Ni(II) concentrations (400 and 4000ng/ml). At varying time points the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory as well as matrix degeneration proteins, i.e. MMPs, were analyzed. Furthermore, proliferation assays, wound healing tests and the detection of NF-κB activation were conducted. Unstimulated HGFs served as control. RESULTS Our experiments showed that low clinical average Ni(II) levels did not alter pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly compared to control (p>0.05). Instead, a 10-fold higher dose up-regulated these mediators significantly in a time-dependent manner (p<0.01). This was even more pronounced combining both Ni(II) concentrations with an inflammatory condition (p<0.001), MMP expressions were in line with our findings (p<0.001). The mRNA data were supported by proliferation and wound closure assays (p<0.001). However, the combination of both stimuli induced contradictory results. Analyzing NF-κB activation revealed that our results may be in part attributed to NF-κB. SIGNIFICANCE Our in vitro study implicated that Ni(II) has various modifying effects on IL-1β-induced inflammatory processes depending on the concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bayer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helmut Stark
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stilla Frede
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Oral Cell Biology Group, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Deschner J, Eick S, Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M. The role of adipokines in periodontal infection and healing. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:258-69. [PMID: 25052571 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, which is caused by pathogenic bacteria in combination with other risk factors. The bacteria induce an immunoinflammatory host response, which can lead to irreversible matrix degradation and bone resorption. Periodontitis can be successfully treated. To achieve regenerative periodontal healing, bioactive molecules, such as enamel matrix derivative (EMD), are applied during periodontal surgery. Recently, it has been shown that obesity is associated with periodontitis and compromised healing after periodontal therapy. The mechanisms underlying these associations are not well understood so far, but adipokines may be a pathomechanistic link. Adipokines are bioactive molecules that are secreted by the adipose tissue, and that regulate insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure, but also inflammatory and healing processes. It has also been demonstrated that visfatin and leptin increase the synthesis of proinflammatory and proteolytic molecules, whereas adiponectin downregulates the production of such mediators in periodontal cells. In addition, visfatin and leptin counteract the beneficial effects of EMD, whereas adiponectin enhances the actions of EMD on periodontal cells. Since visfatin and leptin levels are increased and adiponectin levels are reduced in obesity, these adipokines could be a pathomechanistic link whereby obesity and obesity-related diseases enhance the risk for periodontitis and compromised periodontal healing. Recent studies have also revealed that adipokines, such as visfatin, leptin and adiponectin, are produced in periodontal cells and regulated by periodontopathogenic bacteria. Therefore, adipokines may also represent a mechanism whereby periodontal infections can impact on systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deschner
- Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 208, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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34
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Nokhbehsaim M, Keser S, Nogueira AVB, Cirelli JA, Jepsen S, Jäger A, Eick S, Deschner J. Beneficial effects of adiponectin on periodontal ligament cells under normal and regenerative conditions. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:796565. [PMID: 25121107 PMCID: PMC4120919 DOI: 10.1155/2014/796565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity are increasing worldwide and linked to periodontitis, a chronic disease which is characterized by the irreversible destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, that is, periodontium. The mechanisms underlying the association of diabetes mellitus and obesity with periodontal destruction and compromised periodontal healing are not well understood, but decreased plasma levels of adiponectin, as found in diabetic and obese individuals, might be a critical mechanistic link. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effects of adiponectin on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells under normal and regenerative conditions, and to study the regulation of adiponectin and its receptors in these cells. Adiponectin stimulated significantly the expression of growth factors and extracellular matrix, proliferation, and in vitro wound healing, reduced significantly the constitutive tumor necrosis factor-α expression, and caused a significant upregulation of its own expression. The beneficial actions of enamel matrix derivative on a number of PDL cell functions critical for periodontal regeneration were partially enhanced by adiponectin. The periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibited the adiponectin expression and stimulated the expression of its receptors. In conclusion, reduced levels of adiponectin, as found in type 2 diabetes and obesity, may compromise periodontal health and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sema Keser
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, UNESP, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, UNESP, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - James Deschner
- Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Choi YS, Kim YC, Ji S, Choi Y. Increased bacterial invasion and differential expression of tight-junction proteins, growth factors, and growth factor receptors in periodontal lesions. J Periodontol 2014; 85:e313-22. [PMID: 24527855 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pathogens are known to modulate epithelial physical barriers, particularly tight-junction (TJ) proteins, to enter host cells and/or tissues. Growth factors have been implicated in the regulation of TJ proteins. The aim of this study is to determine differences in the levels of TJ proteins, growth factors, and their receptors in relation to bacterial invasion in diseased gingival tissues obtained from patients with periodontitis. METHODS The presence of bacteria and expression of junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A, occludin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), EGF receptor, KGF receptor, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) were evaluated in gingival tissues from healthy (n = 10) and diseased (n = 10) sites in patients with periodontitis by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The bacterial invasion of gingival tissue was increased in periodontal lesions compared with healthy sites. Although the levels of JAM-A and occludin were not significantly different between the healthy and diseased sites, aberrant cytoplasmic expression of JAM-A and occluding was often observed in the lesions. In addition, more leukocytes expressing JAM-A or occludin were observed within the disease-associated epithelia. Compared with the healthy sites, the differential expression of KGF, IGF-I, and IGF-1R was observed in the periodontal lesions. The levels of TJ proteins showed positive correlations with those of growth factors. CONCLUSION The aberrant expression of growth factors and TJ proteins may contribute to increased bacterial invasion and disease progression in periodontal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun S Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Gonçalves PF, Klepac-Ceraj V, Huang H, Paster BJ, Aukhil I, Wallet SM, Shaddox LM. Correlation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans detection with clinical/immunoinflammatory profile of localized aggressive periodontitis using a 16S rRNA microarray method: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85066. [PMID: 24376864 PMCID: PMC3871691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) correlates with the clinical and immunoinflammatory profile of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAP), as determined by by 16S rRNA gene-based microarray. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subgingival plaque samples from the deepest diseased site of 30 LAP patients [PD ≥ 5 mm, BoP and bone loss] were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based microarrays. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were analyzed for 14 cyto/chemokines. Peripheral blood was obtained and stimulated in vitro with P.gingivalis and E.coli to evaluate inflammatory response profiles. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were also measured. RESULTS Aa was detected in 56% of LAP patients and was shown to be an indicator for different bacterial community structures (p<0.01). Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cyto/chemokines were detected in LPS-stimulated blood samples in both Aa-detected and Aa-non-detected groups (p>0.05). Clinical parameters and serum LPS levels were similar between groups. However, Aa-non-detected GCF contained higher concentration of IL-8 than Aa-detected sites (p<0.05). TNFα and IL1β were elevated upon E.coli LPS stimulation of peripheral blood cells derived from patients with Aa-detected sites. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the detection of Aa in LAP affected sites, did not correlate with clinical severity of the disease at the time of sampling in this cross-sectional study, although it did associate with lower local levels of IL-8, a different subgingival bacterial profile and elevated LPS-induced levels of TNFα and IL1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Gonçalves
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vanja Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Pathogenesis, The Fortsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Pathogenesis, The Fortsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luciana M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Schaumann T, Kraus D, Winter J, Wolf M, Deschner J, Jäger A. Potential immune modularly role of glycine in oral gingival inflammation. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:808367. [PMID: 24348681 PMCID: PMC3855959 DOI: 10.1155/2013/808367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gingival epithelial cells (GECs) represent a physical barrier against bacteria and are involved in the processes of innate immunity. Recently, an anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effect of the amino acid glycine has been demonstrated. However, there is only little information about the immune-modulatory effects of glycine in oral tissues. This study aimed to investigate the existence and role of the glycine receptor in gingival tissue analyzing tissues/cells from extracted human molars via immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, GECs were challenged by inflammatory conditions with IL-1 β alone or in combination with glycine and analyzed for cytokine expression of IL6/IL8 via real-time PCR. On protein level, the effect of nuclear translocalization of NF κ B protein p65 was analyzed using immunofluorescence analysis. A distinct proof of the GlyR in oral gingival tissue and keratinocytes could be demonstrated. Isolated challenge of the keratinocytes with IL-1 β as well as with glycine resulted in an upregulation of IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression and activation of NF κ B pathway. The presence of glycine in combination with the inflammatory stimulus led to a significant decrease in inflammatory parameters. These results indicate a possible anti-inflammatory role of glycine in gingival inflammation and encourage further research on the utility of glycine in the prevention or therapy of inflammatory periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Schaumann
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Sciences, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bon, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine (CRU 208), Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Riis JL, Out D, Dorn LD, Beal SJ, Denson LA, Pabst S, Jaedicke K, Granger DA. Salivary cytokines in healthy adolescent girls: Intercorrelations, stability, and associations with serum cytokines, age, and pubertal stage. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:797-811. [PMID: 23868603 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Theoretically, the measurement of cytokines in saliva may have utility for studies of brain, behavior, and immunity in youth. Cytokines in saliva and serum were analyzed across three annual assessments in healthy adolescent girls (N = 114, 11-17 years at enrollment). Samples were assayed for GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNFα, adiponectin, and cotinine. Results revealed: (1) cytokine levels, except IFNγ and IL-10, were detectable in saliva, and salivary levels, except IL-8 and IL-1β, were lower than serum levels; (2) salivary cytokine levels were lower in older girls and positively associated with adiponectin; (3) compared to serum levels, the correlations between salivary cytokines were higher, but salivary cytokines were less stable across years; and (4) except for IL-1β, there were no significant serum-saliva associations. Variation in basal salivary cytokine levels in healthy adolescent girls reflect compartmentalized activity of the oral mucosal immune system, rather than systemic cytokine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Riis
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bochenek G, Häsler R, El Mokhtari NE, König IR, Loos BG, Jepsen S, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, Schaefer AS. The large non-coding RNA ANRIL, which is associated with atherosclerosis, periodontitis and several forms of cancer, regulates ADIPOR1, VAMP3 and C11ORF10. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4516-27. [PMID: 23813974 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA ANRIL is the best replicated genetic risk locus of coronary artery disease (CAD) and periodontitis (PD), and is independently associated with a variety of other immune-mediated and metabolic disorders and several forms of cancer. Recent studies showed a correlation of decreased concentrations of proximal ANRIL transcripts with homozygous carriership of the CAD and PD main risk alleles. To elucidate the relation of these transcripts to disease manifestation, we constructed a short hairpin RNA in a stable inducible knock-down system of T-Rex 293 HEK cell lines, specifically targeting the proximal transcripts EU741058 and DQ485454. By genome-wide expression profiling using Affymetrix HG1.0 ST Arrays, we identified the transcription of ADIPOR1, VAMP3 and C11ORF10 to be correlated with decreased ANRIL expression in a time-dependent manner. We validated these findings on a transcriptional and translational level in different cell types. Exploration of the identified genes for the presence of disease associated variants, using Affymetrix 500K genotyping and Illumina custom genotyping arrays, highlighted a region upstream of VAMP3 within CAMTA1 to be associated with increased risk of CAD [rs10864294 P = 0.015, odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-1.6, 1471 cases, 2737 controls] and aggressive PD (AgP; P = 0.008, OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.1-1.6, 864 cases, 3664 controls). In silico replication in a meta-analysis of 14 genome-wide association studies of CAD of the CARDIoGRAM Consortium identified rs2301462, located on the same haplotype block, as associated with P = 0.001 upon adjustment for sex and age. Our results give evidence that specific isoforms of ANRIL regulate key genes of glucose and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Bochenek
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies have implicated abdominal obesity as a major risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome and its further expression, i.e., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and death. Using novel models of visceral obesity, several studies have demonstrated that the relationship between visceral fat and longevity is causal, while the accrual of subcutaneous fat does not appear to play an important role in the etiology of disease risk. The need of reducing the visceral fat to improve survival, mainly taking into account the strict link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the coronary artery disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorder, Stella Maris Mediterraneo Foundation Chiaromonte, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Wolf M, Lossdorfer S, Kupper K, Jager A. Regulation of high mobility group box protein 1 expression following mechanical loading by orthodontic forces in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:624-31. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ding C, Li L, Su YC, Xiang RL, Cong X, Yu HK, Li SL, Wu LL, Yu GY. Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63878. [PMID: 23667684 PMCID: PMC3646765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/2) are expressed in various tissues and are involved in the regulation of multiple functions such as energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, the effect of adiponectin and AdipoRs in submandibular glands has not been fully evaluated. In the present study, we found that mRNA and protein of both adiponectin and AdipoR1/2 were expressed in rat submandibular glands and in the SMG-C6 cell line, as evidenced by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that adiponectin was diffused in the cytoplasm, while AdipoR1/2 was concentrated in the membrane of acinar cells. Saliva flow was significantly increased by full length adiponectin (fAd) or globular adiponectin (gAd) perfusion in isolated rat submandibular glands. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, also increased saliva secretion. fAd, gAd, and AICAR all increased the average width of apical tight junctions in perfused submandibular glands, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in SMG-C6 cells, suggesting that adiponectin promoted secretion by modulating paracellular permeability. fAd and gAd increased p-AMPK levels, while AraA, an AMPK antagonist, abolished fAd- and gAd-induced changes in secretion, tight junction ultrastructure, and TER. Moreover, both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were required for fAd- or gAd-induced p-AMPK and TER responses, suggesting from their inhibition following AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 knockdown, and co-knockdown of AdipoRs by RNA interference. Our results suggest that adiponectin functions as a promoter of salivary secretion in rat submandibular glands via activation of AdipoRs, AMPK, and paracellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ding
- Center for Salivary Gland Diseases and Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Schaefer AS, Bochenek G, Manke T, Nothnagel M, Graetz C, Thien A, Jockel-Schneider Y, Harks I, Staufenbiel I, Wijmenga C, Eberhard J, Guzeldemir-Akcakanat E, Cine N, Folwaczny M, Noack B, Meyle J, Eickholz P, Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Nohutcu R, Bruckmann C, Doerfer C, Jepsen S, Loos BG, Schreiber S. Validation of reported genetic risk factors for periodontitis in a large-scale replication study. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:563-72. [PMID: 23587006 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Many studies investigated the role of genetic variants in periodontitis, but few were established as risk factors. We aimed to validate the associations of recent candidate genes in aggressive periodontitis (AgP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We analysed 23 genes in 600 German AgP patients and 1441 controls on the Illumina custom genotyping array Immunochip. We tested a suggestive association in a Dutch and German/Austrian AgP case-control sample, and a German chronic periodontitis (CP) case-control sample using Sequenom iPlex assays. We additionally tested the common known risk variant rs1333048 of the gene ANRIL for its association in a Turkish and Italian population. RESULTS None of the analysed genes gave statistical evidence for association. Upon covariate adjustment for smoking and gender, in the pooled German-Austrian AgP sample, IL10 SNP rs6667202 was associated with p = 0.016, OR = 0.77 (95% CI = 0.6-0.95), and in the Dutch AgP sample, adjacent IL10 SNP rs61815643 was associated with p = 0.0009, OR = 2.31 (95% CI = 1.4-3.8). At rs61815643, binding of the transcription factor PPARG was predicted. ANRIL rs1333048 was associated in the Turkish sample (pallelic = 0.026, OR = 1.67 [95% CI = 1.11-2.60]). CONCLUSIONS Previous candidate genes carry no susceptibility factors for AgP. Association of IL-10 rs61815643 with AgP is suggested. ANRIL is associated with periodontitis across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne S Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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The expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 is critically modulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide with heterogeneous lipid A structures in human gingival fibroblasts. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:73. [PMID: 23548063 PMCID: PMC3623786 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial virulence factor strongly associated with chronic periodontitis which is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults. It exhibits remarkable heterogeneity containing tetra-(LPS1435/1449) and penta-(LPS1690) acylated lipid A structures. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) as the main resident cells of human gingiva play a key role in regulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and contribute to periodontal homeostasis. This study investigated the expression and regulation of MMPs1-3 and tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) in HGFs in response to P. gingivalis LPS1435/1449 and LPS1690 and hexa-acylated E. coli LPS as a reference. The expression of MMPs 1–3 and TIMP-1 was evaluated by real-time PCR and ELISA. Results The MMP-3 mRNA and protein were highly upregulated in P. gingivalis LPS1690- and E. coli LPS-treated cells, whereas no induction was observed in P. gingivalis LPS1435/1449-treated cells. On the contrary, the expression of MMP-1 and −2 was not significantly affected by P. gingivalis LPS lipid A heterogeneity. The TIMP-1 mRNA was upregulated in P. gingivalis LPS1435/1449- and E. coli LPS-treated cells. Next, signal transduction pathways involved in P. gingivalis LPS-induced expression of MMP-3 were examined by blocking assays. Blockage of p38 MAPK and ERK significantly inhibited P. gingivalis LPS1690-induced MMP-3 expression in HGFs. Conclusion The present findings suggest that the heterogeneous lipid A structures of P. gingivalis LPS differentially modulate the expression of MMP-3 in HGFs, which may play a role in periodontal pathogenesis.
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Klunker LR, Kahlert S, Panther P, Diesing AK, Reinhardt N, Brosig B, Kersten S, Dänicke S, Rothkötter HJ, Kluess JW. Deoxynivalenol and E.coli lipopolysaccharide alter epithelial proliferation and spatial distribution of apical junction proteins along the small intestinal axis1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:276-85. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Klunker
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S. Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - P. Panther
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A.-K. Diesing
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - N. Reinhardt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - B. Brosig
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H.-J. Rothkötter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J. W. Kluess
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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de Camargo Pereira G, Guimarães GN, Planello AC, Santamaria MP, de Souza AP, Line SR, Marques MR. Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS stimulation downregulates DNMT1, DNMT3a, and JMJD3 gene expression levels in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1279-85. [PMID: 22875665 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of epigenetic regulation in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis is poorly known. The aim of this study was to assess whether Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can modulate gene expression levels of the some enzymes that promote epigenetic events in cultures of the human keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts. In addition, the same enzymes were evaluated in gingival samples from healthy and periodontitis-affected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary gingival fibroblast and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures were treated with medium containing P. gingivalis LPS or P. gingivalis LPS vehicle for 24 h. After this period, cell viability was assessed by MTT test and total RNA extracted to evaluate gene expression levels of the following enzymes by qRT-PCR: DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), histone demethylases Jumonji domain containing 3 (JMJD3) and ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome (UTX). To evaluate gene expression in healthy and periodontitis-affected individuals, total RNA was extracted from biopsies of gingival tissue from healthy and periodontitis sites, and gene expression of DNMT1, DNAMT3a, JMJD3, and UTX was evaluated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the gene expression analysis between healthy and periodontitis-affected gingival samples. The results showed that LPS downregulated DNMT1 (p < 0.05), DNMT3a (p < 0.05), and JMJD3 (p < 0.01) gene expression in HaCaT cells, but no modulation was observed in gingival fibroblasts. CONCLUSION P. gingivalis LPS exposure to human HaCaT keratinocytes downregulates gene expression of the enzymes that promote epigenetic events. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The advance knowledge about epigenetic modifications caused by periodontopathogens may to possibly led to the development of new periodontal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gláucia de Camargo Pereira
- Department of Morphology Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira 901, Caixa Postal 052, CEP 13414-903, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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