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Constantino NJ, Carroll CM, Williams HC, Yuede CM, Sheehan PW, Andy Snipes J, Musiek ES, Johnson LA, Macauley SL. Kir6.2-K ATP channels alter glycolytic flux to modulate cortical activity, arousal, and sleep-wake homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.23.581817. [PMID: 38464274 PMCID: PMC10925108 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.23.581817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism plays an important role in the maintenance of vigilance states (e.g. wake, NREM, and REM). Brain lactate fluctuations are a biomarker of sleep. Increased interstitial fluid (ISF) lactate levels are necessary for arousal and wake-associated behaviors, while decreased ISF lactate is required for sleep. ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels couple glucose-lactate metabolism with neuronal excitability. Therefore, we explored how deletion of neuronal K ATP channel activity (Kir6.2-/- mice) affected the relationship between glycolytic flux, neuronal activity, and sleep/wake homeostasis. Kir6.2-/- mice shunt glucose towards glycolysis, reduce neurotransmitter synthesis, dampen cortical EEG activity, and decrease arousal. Kir6.2-/- mice spent more time awake at the onset of the light period due to altered ISF lactate dynamics. Together, we show that Kir6.2-K ATP channels act as metabolic sensors to gate arousal by maintaining the metabolic stability of each vigilance state and providing the metabolic flexibility to transition between states. Highlights Glycolytic flux is necessary for neurotransmitter synthesis. In its absence, neuronal activity is compromised causing changes in arousal and vigilance states despite sufficient energy availability. With Kir6.2-K ATP channel deficiency, the ability to both maintain and shift between different vigilance states is compromised due to changes in glucose utilization. Kir6.2-K ATP channels are metabolic sensors under circadian control that gate arousal and sleep/wake transitions.
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D'Rozario AL, Kao CH, Phillips CL, Mullins AE, Memarian N, Yee BJ, Duffy SL, Cho G, Wong KKH, Kremerskothen K, Chapman J, Haroutonian C, Bartlett DJ, Naismith SL, Grunstein RR. Region-specific changes in brain activity and memory after continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot high-density electroencephalography study. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad255. [PMID: 37777337 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Limited channel electroencephalography (EEG) investigations in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have revealed deficits in slow wave activity (SWA) and spindles during sleep and increased EEG slowing during resting wakefulness. High-density EEG (Hd-EEG) has also detected local parietal deficits in SWA (delta power) during NREM. It is unclear whether effective continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment reverses regional SWA deficits, and other regional sleep and wake EEG abnormalities, and whether any recovery relates to improved overnight memory consolidation. METHODS A clinical sample of men with moderate-severe OSA underwent sleep and resting wake recordings with 256-channel Hd-EEG before and after 3 months of CPAP. Declarative and procedural memory tasks were administered pre- and post-sleep. Topographical spectral power maps and differences between baseline and treatment were compared using t-tests and statistical nonparametric mapping (SnPM). RESULTS In 11 compliant CPAP users (5.2 ± 1.1 hours/night), total sleep time did not differ after CPAP but N1 and N2 sleep were lower and N3 was higher. Centro-parietal gamma power during N3 increased and fronto-central slow spindle activity during N2 decreased (SnPM < 0.05). No other significant differences in EEG power were observed. When averaged specifically within the parietal region, N3 delta power increased after CPAP (p = 0.0029) and was correlated with the change in overnight procedural memory consolidation (rho = 0.79, p = 0.03). During resting wakefulness, there were trends for reduced delta and theta power. CONCLUSIONS Effective CPAP treatment of OSA may correct regional EEG abnormalities, and regional recovery of SWA may relate to procedural memory improvements in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L D'Rozario
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Brain and Mind Centre and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chien-Hui Kao
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig L Phillips
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna E Mullins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Negar Memarian
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendon J Yee
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shantel L Duffy
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Garry Cho
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keith K H Wong
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyle Kremerskothen
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Chapman
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carla Haroutonian
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Brain and Mind Centre and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Delwyn J Bartlett
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Brain and Mind Centre and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ron R Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Leon LES, Kim LH, Sillitoe RV. Cerebellar deep brain stimulation as a dual-function therapeutic for restoring movement and sleep in dystonic mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564790. [PMID: 37961355 PMCID: PMC10635001 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia arises with cerebellar dysfunction, which plays a key role in the emergence of multiple pathophysiological deficits that range from abnormal movements and postures to disrupted sleep. Current therapeutic interventions typically do not simultaneously address both the motor and non-motor (sleep-related) symptoms of dystonia, underscoring the necessity for a multi-functional therapeutic strategy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effectively used to reduce motor symptoms in dystonia, with existing parallel evidence arguing for its potential to correct sleep disturbances. However, the simultaneous efficacy of DBS for improving sleep and motor dysfunction, specifically by targeting the cerebellum, remains underexplored. Here, we test the effect of cerebellar DBS in two genetic mouse models with dystonia that exhibit sleep defects- Ptf1a Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx and Pdx1 Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx -which have overlapping cerebellar circuit miswiring defects but differing severity in motor phenotypes. By targeting DBS to the cerebellar fastigial and interposed nuclei, we modulated sleep dysfunction by enhancing sleep quality and timing in both models. This DBS paradigm improved wakefulness (decreased) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (increased) in both mutants. Additionally, the latency to reach REM sleep, a deficit observed in human dystonia patients, was reduced in both models. Cerebellar DBS also induced alterations in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) patterns that define sleep states. As expected, DBS reduced the severe dystonic twisting motor symptoms that are observed in the Ptf1a Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx mutant mice. These findings highlight the potential for using cerebellar DBS to improve sleep and reduce motor dysfunction in dystonia and uncover its potential as a dual-effect in vivo therapeutic strategy.
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Zanus C, Miladinović A, De Dea F, Skabar A, Stecca M, Ajčević M, Accardo A, Carrozzi M. Sleep Spindle-Related EEG Connectivity in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Exploratory Study. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1244. [PMID: 37761543 PMCID: PMC10530036 DOI: 10.3390/e25091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder with known brain abnormalities but no biomarkers to support clinical diagnosis. Recently, EEG analysis methods such as functional connectivity have rekindled interest in using EEG for ADHD diagnosis. Most studies have focused on resting-state EEG, while connectivity during sleep and spindle activity has been underexplored. Here we present the results of a preliminary study exploring spindle-related connectivity as a possible biomarker for ADHD. We compared sensor-space connectivity parameters in eight children with ADHD and nine age/sex-matched healthy controls during sleep, before, during, and after spindle activity in various frequency bands. All connectivity parameters were significantly different between the two groups in the delta and gamma bands, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the gamma band distinguished ADHD from healthy subjects. Cluster coefficient and path length values in the sigma band were also significantly different between epochs, indicating different spindle-related brain activity in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Zanus
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Miladinović
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Federica De Dea
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy (M.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aldo Skabar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Stecca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Miloš Ajčević
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Agostino Accardo
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Marco Carrozzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
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Brady ES, Griffiths J, Andrianova L, Bielska M, Saito T, Saido TC, Randall AD, Tamagnini F, Witton J, Craig MT. Alterations to parvalbumin-expressing interneuron function and associated network oscillations in the hippocampal - medial prefrontal cortex circuit during natural sleep in App NL-G-F/NL-G-F mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106151. [PMID: 37172910 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the accumulation of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) damages synapses and disrupts neuronal activity, leading to the disruption of neuronal oscillations associated with cognition. This is thought to be largely due to impairments in CNS synaptic inhibition, particularly via parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons that are essential for generating several key oscillations. Research in this field has largely been conducted in mouse models that over-express humanised, mutated forms of AD-associated genes that produce exaggerated pathology. This has prompted the development and use of knock-in mouse lines that express these genes at an endogenous level, such as the AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mouse model used in the present study. These mice appear to model the early stages of Aβ-induced network impairments, yet an in-depth characterisation of these impairments in currently lacking. Therefore, using 16 month-old AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice, we analysed neuronal oscillations found in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during awake behaviour, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep to assess the extent of network dysfunction. No alterations to gamma oscillations were found to occur in the hippocampus or mPFC during either awake behaviour, REM or NREM sleep. However, during NREM sleep an increase in the power of mPFC spindles and decrease in the power of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples was identified. The latter was accompanied by an increase in the synchronisation of PV-expressing interneuron activity, as measured using two-photon Ca2+ imaging, as well as a decrease in PV-expressing interneuron density. Furthermore, although changes were detected in local network function of mPFC and hippocampus, long-range communication between these regions appeared intact. Altogether, our results suggest that these NREM sleep-specific impairments represent the early stages of circuit breakdown in response to amyloidopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Brady
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, England, UK; Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 91458, United States of America
| | - Jessica Griffiths
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, England, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6LA, UK
| | - Lilya Andrianova
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, England, UK; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Monika Bielska
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Andrew D Randall
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, England, UK; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Francesco Tamagnini
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, England, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6LA, UK
| | - Jonathan Witton
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, England, UK.
| | - Michael T Craig
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, England, UK; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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Shlobin NA, Aru J, Vicente R, Zemmar A. What happens in the brain when we die? Deciphering the neurophysiology of the final moments in life. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1143848. [PMID: 37228251 PMCID: PMC10203241 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1143848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
When do we die and what happens in the brain when we die? The mystery around these questions has engaged mankind for centuries. Despite the challenges to obtain recordings of the dying brain, recent studies have contributed to better understand the processes occurring during the last moments of life. In this review, we summarize the literature on neurophysiological changes around the time of death. Perhaps the only subjective description of death stems from survivors of near-death experiences (NDEs). Hallmarks of NDEs include memory recall, out-of-body experiences, dreaming, and meditative states. We survey the evidence investigating neurophysiological changes of these experiences in healthy subjects and attempt to incorporate this knowledge into the existing literature investigating the dying brain to provide valuations for the neurophysiological footprint and timeline of death. We aim to identify reasons explaining the variations of data between studies investigating this field and provide suggestions to standardize research and reduce data variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Shlobin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jaan Aru
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raul Vicente
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ajmal Zemmar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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Martinez C, Chen ZS. Identification of atypical sleep microarchitecture biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1115374. [PMID: 37139324 PMCID: PMC10150704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1115374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Sleep disorders are one of the most frequent comorbidities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the link between neurodevelopmental effects in ASD children with their underlying sleep microarchitecture is not well understood. An improved understanding of etiology of sleep difficulties and identification of sleep-associated biomarkers for children with ASD can improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Objectives To investigate whether machine learning models can identify biomarkers for children with ASD based on sleep EEG recordings. Design setting and participants Sleep polysomnogram data were obtained from the Nationwide Children' Health (NCH) Sleep DataBank. Children (ages: 8-16 yrs) with 149 autism and 197 age-matched controls without neurodevelopmental diagnosis were selected for analysis. An additional independent age-matched control group (n = 79) selected from the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT) was also used to validate the models. Furthermore, an independent smaller NCH cohort of younger infants and toddlers (age: 0.5-3 yr.; 38 autism and 75 controls) was used for additional validation. Main outcomes and measures We computed periodic and non-periodic characteristics from sleep EEG recordings: sleep stages, spectral power, sleep spindle characteristics, and aperiodic signals. Machine learning models including the Logistic Regression (LR) classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) model were trained using these features. We determined the autism class based on the prediction score of the classifier. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the model performance. Results In the NCH study, RF outperformed two other models with a 10-fold cross-validated median AUC of 0.95 (interquartile range [IQR], [0.93, 0.98]). The LR and SVM models performed comparably across multiple metrics, with median AUC 0.80 [0.78, 0.85] and 0.83 [0.79, 0.87], respectively. In the CHAT study, three tested models have comparable AUC results: LR: 0.83 [0.76, 0.92], SVM: 0.87 [0.75, 1.00], and RF: 0.85 [0.75, 1.00]. Sleep spindle density, amplitude, spindle-slow oscillation (SSO) coupling, aperiodic signal's spectral slope and intercept, as well as the percentage of REM sleep were found to be key discriminative features in the predictive models. Conclusion and relevance Our results suggest that integration of EEG feature engineering and machine learning can identify sleep-based biomarkers for ASD children and produce good generalization in independent validation datasets. Microstructural EEG alterations may help reveal underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of autism that alter sleep quality and behaviors. Machine learning analysis may reveal new insight into the etiology and treatment of sleep difficulties in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Vigil FA, Belchior H, Bugay V, Bazaldua II, Stoja A, Dantas DC, Chun SH, Farmer A, Bozdemir E, Holstein DM, Cavazos JE, Lechleiter JD, Brenner R, Shapiro MS. Acute Treatment with the M-Channel (K v7, KCNQ) Opener Retigabine Reduces the Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Blast Traumatic Brain Injuries. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:853-869. [PMID: 36976493 PMCID: PMC10275841 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether pharmacological increase of "M-type" (KCNQ, Kv7) K + channel currents by the M-channel opener, retigabine (RTG), acutely after repetitive traumatic brain injuries (rTBIs), prevents or reduces their long-term detrimental effects. rTBIs were studied using a blast shock air wave mouse model. Animals were monitored by video and electroencephalogram (EEG) records for nine months after the last injury to assess the occurrence of post-traumatic seizures (PTS), post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), sleep-wake cycle architecture alterations, and the power of the EEG signals. We evaluated the development of long-term changes in the brain associated with various neurodegenerative diseases in mice by examining transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) expression and nerve fiber damage ~ 2 years after the rTBIs. We observed acute RTG treatment to reduce the duration of PTS and impair the development of PTE. Acute RTG treatment also prevented post-injury hypersomnia, nerve fiber damage, and cortical TDP-43 accumulation and translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Mice that developed PTE displayed impaired rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and there were significant correlations between seizure duration and time spent in the different stages of the sleep-wake cycle. We observed acute RTG treatment to impair injury-induced reduction of age-related increase in gamma frequency power of the EGG, which has been suggested to be necessary for a healthy aged brain. The data show that RTG, administered acutely post-TBI, is a promising, novel therapeutic option to blunt/prevent several long-term effects of rTBIs. Furthermore, our results show a direct relationship between sleep architecture and PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Vigil
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hindiael Belchior
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Vladislav Bugay
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Isabella I Bazaldua
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aiola Stoja
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Denise C Dantas
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Sang H Chun
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Austin Farmer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eda Bozdemir
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Deborah M Holstein
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose E Cavazos
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James D Lechleiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Brenner
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mark S Shapiro
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Leon LES, Sillitoe RV. Disrupted sleep in dystonia depends on cerebellar function but not motor symptoms in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527916. [PMID: 36798256 PMCID: PMC9934608 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, patients often also experience debilitating nonmotor defects including impaired sleep. The cerebellum is a central component of a "dystonia network" that plays various roles in sleep regulation. Importantly, the primary driver of sleep impairments in dystonia remains poorly understood. The cerebellum, along with other nodes in the motor circuit, could disrupt sleep. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum might alter sleep and mobility. To disentangle the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on motion and sleep, we generated two mouse genetic models of dystonia that have overlapping cerebellar circuit miswiring but show differing motor phenotype severity: Ptf1a Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx and Pdx1 Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx mice. In both models, excitatory climbing fiber to Purkinje cell neurotransmission is blocked, but only the Ptf1a Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx mice have severe twisting. Using in vivo ECoG and EMG recordings we found that both mutants spend greater time awake and in NREM sleep at the expense of REM sleep. The increase in awake time is driven by longer awake bouts rather than an increase in bout number. We also found a longer latency to reach REM in both mutants, which is similar to what is reported in human dystonia. We uncovered independent but parallel roles for cerebellar circuit dysfunction and motor defects in promoting sleep quality versus posture impairments in dystonia.
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Abdellahi MEA, Koopman ACM, Treder MS, Lewis PA. Targeting targeted memory reactivation: Characteristics of cued reactivation in sleep. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119820. [PMID: 36535324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a technique in which sensory cues associated with memories during wake are used to trigger memory reactivation during subsequent sleep. The characteristics of such cued reactivation, and the optimal placement of TMR cues, remain to be determined. We built an EEG classification pipeline that discriminated reactivation of right- and left-handed movements and found that cues which fall on the up-going transition of the slow oscillation (SO) are more likely to elicit a classifiable reactivation. We also used a novel machine learning pipeline to predict the likelihood of eliciting a classifiable reactivation after each TMR cue using the presence of spindles and features of SOs. Finally, we found that reactivations occurred either immediately after the cue or one second later. These findings greatly extend our understanding of memory reactivation and pave the way for development of wearable technologies to efficiently enhance memory through cueing in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E A Abdellahi
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne C M Koopman
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias S Treder
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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11
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Togawa J, Matsumoto R, Usami K, Matsuhashi M, Inouchi M, Kobayashi K, Hitomi T, Nakae T, Shimotake A, Yamao Y, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Kunieda T, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Ikeda A. Enhanced phase-amplitude coupling of human electrocorticography selectively in the posterior cortical region during rapid eye movement sleep. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:486-496. [PMID: 35288751 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of interaction between slow (delta or infraslow) waves and fast (gamma) activities during wakefulness and sleep are yet to be elucidated in human electrocorticography (ECoG). We evaluated phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), which reflects neuronal coding in information processing, using ECoG in 11 patients with intractable focal epilepsy. PAC was observed between slow waves of 0.5-0.6 Hz and gamma activities, not only during light sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS) but even during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. While PAC was high over a large region during SWS, it was stronger in the posterior cortical region around the temporoparietal junction than in the frontal cortical region during REM sleep. PAC tended to be higher in the posterior cortical region than in the frontal cortical region even during wakefulness. Our findings suggest that the posterior cortical region has a functional role in REM sleep and may contribute to the maintenance of the dreaming experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Togawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Divison of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Morito Inouchi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimotake
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yamao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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12
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Abdalbari H, Durrani M, Pancholi S, Patel N, Nasuto SJ, Nicolaou N. Brain and brain-heart Granger causality during wakefulness and sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:927111. [PMID: 36188466 PMCID: PMC9520578 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.927111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this exploratory study we apply Granger Causality (GC) to investigate the brain-brain and brain-heart interactions during wakefulness and sleep. Our analysis includes electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) data during all-night polysomnographic recordings from volunteers with apnea, available from the Massachusetts General Hospital’s Computational Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory and the Clinical Data Animation Laboratory. The data is manually annotated by clinical staff at the MGH in 30 second contiguous intervals (wakefulness and sleep stages 1, 2, 3, and rapid eye movement (REM). We applied GC to 4-s non-overlapping segments of available EEG and ECG across all-night recordings of 50 randomly chosen patients. To identify differences in GC between the different sleep stages, the GC for each sleep stage was subtracted from the GC during wakefulness. Positive (negative) differences indicated that GC was greater (lower) during wakefulness compared to the specific sleep stage. The application of GC to study brain-brain and brain-heart bidirectional connections during wakefulness and sleep confirmed the importance of fronto-posterior connectivity during these two states, but has also revealed differences in ipsilateral and contralateral mechanisms of these connections. It has also confirmed the existence of bidirectional brain-heart connections that are more prominent in the direction from brain to heart. Our exploratory study has shown that GC can be successfully applied to sleep data analysis and captures the varying physiological mechanisms that are related to wakefulness and different sleep stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmi Abdalbari
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mohammad Durrani
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Shivam Pancholi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Slawomir J. Nasuto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta Nicolaou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Center for Neuroscience and Integrative Brain Research (CENIBRE), University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- *Correspondence: Nicoletta Nicolaou,
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13
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Gonzalez J, Mateos D, Cavelli M, Mondino A, Pascovich C, Torterolo P, Rubido N. Low frequency oscillations drive EEG’s complexity changes during wakefulness and sleep. Neuroscience 2022; 494:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Henao D, Navarrete M, Juez JY, Dinh H, Gómez R, Valderrama M, Le Van Quyen M. Auditory closed‐loop stimulation on sleep slow oscillations using in‐ear EEG sensors. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13555. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Henao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá D.C. Colombia
| | - Miguel Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá D.C. Colombia
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC) School of Psychology Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - José Yesith Juez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá D.C. Colombia
| | | | - Rodrigo Gómez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá D.C. Colombia
| | - Mario Valderrama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá D.C. Colombia
| | - Michel Le Van Quyen
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB) Inserm U1146/Sorbonne Université UMCR2/UMR7371 CNRS Paris France
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15
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Pani SM, Fraschini M, Figorilli M, Tamburrino L, Ferri R, Puligheddu M. Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy and non-rapid eye movement parasomnias: Differences in the periodic and aperiodic component of the electroencephalographic power spectra. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13339. [PMID: 33769647 PMCID: PMC8518869 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, our understanding of clinical and pathophysiological aspects of sleep-related epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal behaviours has improved considerably, although it is far from complete. Indeed, even if many core characteristics of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy and non-rapid eye movement parasomnias have been clarified, some crucial points remain controversial, and the overlap of the behavioural patterns between these disorders represents a diagnostic challenge. In this work, we focused on segments of multichannel sleep electroencephalogram free from clinical episodes, from two groups of subjects affected by sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (N = 15) and non-rapid eye movement parasomnias (N = 16), respectively. We examined sleep stages N2 and N3 of the first part of the night (cycles 1 and 2), and assessed the existence of differences in the periodic and aperiodic components of the electroencephalogram power spectra between the two groups, using the Fitting Oscillations & One Over f (FOOOF) toolbox. A significant difference in the gamma frequency band was found, with an increased relative power in sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy subjects, during both N2 (p < .001) and N3 (p < .001), and a significant higher slope of the aperiodic component in non-rapid eye movement parasomnias, compared with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy, during N3 (p = .012). We suggest that the relative power of the gamma band and the slope extracted from the aperiodic component of the electroencephalogram signal may be helpful to characterize differences between subjects affected by non-rapid eye movement parasomnias and those affected by sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Pani
- PhD Program in NeuroscienceDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
- Sleep CentreDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Matteo Fraschini
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (DIEE)University of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Michela Figorilli
- Sleep CentreDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Ludovica Tamburrino
- Sleep CentreDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | | | - Monica Puligheddu
- Sleep CentreDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
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16
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The essential role of hippocampo-cortical connections in temporal coordination of spindles and ripples. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118485. [PMID: 34425227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant activity of slow wave sleep is cortical slow oscillations (SOs), thalamic spindles and hippocampal sharp wave ripples. While the precise temporal nesting of these rhythms was shown to be essential for memory consolidation, the coordination mechanism is poorly understood. Here we develop a minimal hippocampo-cortico-thalamic network that can explain the mechanism underlying the SO-spindle-ripple coupling indicating of the succession of regional neuronal interactions. Further we verify the model predictions experimentally in naturally sleeping rodents showing our simple model provides a quantitative match to several experimental observations including the nesting of ripples in the spindle troughs and larger duration but lower amplitude of the ripples co-occurring with spindles or SOs compared to the isolated ripples. The model also predicts that the coupling of ripples to SOs and spindles monotonically enhances by increasing the strength of hippocampo-cortical connections while it is stronger at intermediate values of the cortico-hippocampal projections.
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17
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Russo S, Pigorini A, Mikulan E, Sarasso S, Rubino A, Zauli FM, Parmigiani S, d'Orio P, Cattani A, Francione S, Tassi L, Bassetti CLA, Lo Russo G, Nobili L, Sartori I, Massimini M. Focal lesions induce large-scale percolation of sleep-like intracerebral activity in awake humans. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117964. [PMID: 33771696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical lesions are known to result in large-scale functional alterations involving distant areas; however, little is known about the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these network effects. Here, we addressed this issue by analysing the short and long distance intracranial effects of controlled structural lesions in humans. The changes in Stereo-Electroencephalographic (SEEG) activity after Radiofrequency-Thermocoagulation (RFTC) recorded in 21 epileptic subjects were assessed with respect to baseline resting wakefulness and sleep activity. In addition, Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potentials (CCEPs) recorded before the lesion were employed to interpret these changes with respect to individual long-range connectivity patterns. We found that small structural ablations lead to the generation and large-scale propagation of sleep-like slow waves within the awake brain. These slow waves match those recorded in the same subjects during sleep, are prevalent in perilesional areas, but can percolate up to distances of 60 mm through specific long-range connections, as predicted by CCEPs. Given the known impact of slow waves on information processing and cortical plasticity, demonstrating their intrusion and percolation within the awake brain add key elements to our understanding of network dysfunction after cortical injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Pigorini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Mikulan
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Sarasso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rubino
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - F M Zauli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Parmigiani
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P d'Orio
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, via Volturno 39E, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - A Cattani
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - S Francione
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - L Tassi
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - C L A Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Lo Russo
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - L Nobili
- Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova 16147, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Sartori
- "C. Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - M Massimini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy; Azrieli Program in Brain, Mind and Consciousness, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.
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18
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Vaidyanathan TV, Collard M, Yokoyama S, Reitman ME, Poskanzer KE. Cortical astrocytes independently regulate sleep depth and duration via separate GPCR pathways. eLife 2021; 10:63329. [PMID: 33729913 PMCID: PMC7968927 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, characterized by slow-wave electrophysiological activity, underlies several critical functions, including learning and memory. However, NREM sleep is heterogeneous, varying in duration, depth, and spatially across the cortex. While these NREM sleep features are thought to be largely independently regulated, there is also evidence that they are mechanistically coupled. To investigate how cortical NREM sleep features are controlled, we examined the astrocytic network, comprising a cortex-wide syncytium that influences population-level neuronal activity. We quantified endogenous astrocyte activity in mice over natural sleep and wake, then manipulated specific astrocytic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways in vivo. We find that astrocytic Gi- and Gq-coupled GPCR signaling separately control NREM sleep depth and duration, respectively, and that astrocytic signaling causes differential changes in local and remote cortex. These data support a model in which the cortical astrocyte network serves as a hub for regulating distinct NREM sleep features. Sleep has many roles, from strengthening new memories to regulating mood and appetite. While we might instinctively think of sleep as a uniform state of reduced brain activity, the reality is more complex. First, over the course of the night, we cycle between a number of different sleep stages, which reflect different levels of sleep depth. Second, the amount of sleep depth is not necessarily even across the brain but can vary between regions. These sleep stages consist of either rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or non-REM (NREM) sleep. REM sleep is when most dreaming occurs, whereas NREM sleep is particularly important for learning and memory and can vary in duration and depth. During NREM sleep, large groups of neurons synchronize their firing to create rhythmic waves of activity known as slow waves. The more synchronous the activity, the deeper the sleep. Vaidyanathan et al. now show that brain cells called astrocytes help regulate NREM sleep. Astrocytes are not neurons but belong to a group of specialized cells called glia. They are the largest glia cell type in the brain and display an array of proteins on their surfaces called G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These enable them to sense sleep-wake signals from other parts of the brain and to generate their own signals. In fact, each astrocyte can communicate with thousands of neurons at once. They are therefore well-poised to coordinate brain activity during NREM sleep. Using innovative tools, Vaidyanathan et al. visualized astrocyte activity in mice as the animals woke up or fell asleep. The results showed that astrocytes change their activity just before each sleep–wake transition. They also revealed that astrocytes control both the depth and duration of NREM sleep via two different types of GPCR signals. Increasing one of these signals (Gi-GPCR) made the mice sleep more deeply but did not change sleep duration. Decreasing the other (Gq-GPCR) made the mice sleep for longer but did not affect sleep depth. Sleep problems affect many people at some point in their lives, and often co-exist with other conditions such as mental health disorders. Understanding how the brain regulates different features of sleep could help us develop better – and perhaps more specific – treatments for sleep disorders. The current study suggests that manipulating GPCRs on astrocytes might increase sleep depth, for example. But before work to test this idea can begin, we must first determine whether findings from sleeping mice also apply to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha V Vaidyanathan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Max Collard
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sae Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael E Reitman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kira E Poskanzer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, San Francisco, United States
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19
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Frohlich J, Toker D, Monti MM. Consciousness among delta waves: a paradox? Brain 2021; 144:2257-2277. [PMID: 33693596 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A common observation in EEG research is that consciousness vanishes with the appearance of delta (1 - 4 Hz) waves, particularly when those waves are high amplitude. High amplitude delta oscillations are very frequently observed in states of diminished consciousness, including slow wave sleep, anaesthesia, generalised epileptic seizures, and disorders of consciousness such as coma and vegetative state. This strong correlation between loss of consciousness and high amplitude delta oscillations is thought to stem from the widespread cortical deactivation that occurs during the "down states" or troughs of these slow oscillations. Recently, however, many studies have reported the presence of prominent delta activity during conscious states, which casts doubt on the hypothesis that high amplitude delta oscillations are an indicator of unconsciousness. These studies include work in Angelman syndrome, epilepsy, behavioural responsiveness during propofol anaesthesia, postoperative delirium, and states of dissociation from the environment such as dreaming and powerful psychedelic states. The foregoing studies complement an older, yet largely unacknowledged, body of literature that has documented awake, conscious patients with high amplitude delta oscillations in clinical reports from Rett syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, schizophrenia, mitochondrial diseases, hepatic encephalopathy, and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. At the same time, a largely parallel body of recent work has reported convincing evidence that the complexity or entropy of EEG and magnetoencephalogram or MEG signals strongly relates to an individual's level of consciousness. Having reviewed this literature, we discuss plausible mechanisms that would resolve the seeming contradiction between high amplitude delta oscillations and consciousness. We also consider implications concerning theories of consciousness, such as integrated information theory and the entropic brain hypothesis. Finally, we conclude that false inferences of unconscious states can be best avoided by examining measures of electrophysiological complexity in addition to spectral power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Frohlich
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 3423 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Toker
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 3423 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 3423 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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20
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Romanella SM, Roe D, Tatti E, Cappon D, Paciorek R, Testani E, Rossi A, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E. The Sleep Side of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Sleep Med 2021; 77:209-225. [PMID: 32912799 PMCID: PMC8364256 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As we age, sleep patterns undergo significant modifications in micro and macrostructure, worsening cognition and quality of life. These are associated with remarkable brain changes, like deterioration in synaptic plasticity, gray and white matter, and significant modifications in hormone levels. Sleep alterations are also a core component of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD night time is characterized by a gradual decrease in slow-wave activity and a substantial reduction of REM sleep. Sleep abnormalities can accelerate AD pathophysiology, promoting the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. Thus, interventions that target sleep disturbances in elderly people and MCI patients have been suggested as a possible strategy to prevent or decelerate conversion to dementia. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacological medications are still first-line treatments, despite being scarcely effective, new interventions have been proposed, such as sensory stimulation and Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (NiBS). The present review outlines the current state of the art of the relationship between sleep modifications in healthy aging and the neurobiological mechanisms underlying age-related changes. Furthermore, we provide a critical analysis showing how sleep abnormalities influence the prognosis of AD pathology by intensifying Aβ and tau protein accumulation. We discuss potential therapeutic strategies to target sleep disruptions and conclude that there is an urgent need for testing new therapeutic sleep interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Romanella
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
| | - D Roe
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Tatti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Cappon
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Paciorek
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Testani
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neurology, Policlinico Santa Maria Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Human Physiology Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Human Physiology Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Santarnecchi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Yoshimoto A, Yamashiro K, Suzuki T, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Ramelteon modulates gamma oscillations in the rat primary motor cortex during non-REM sleep. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 145:97-104. [PMID: 33357785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders adversely affect daily activities and cause physiological and psychiatric problems. The shortcomings of benzodiazepine hypnotics have led to the development of ramelteon, a melatonin MT1 and MT2 agonist. Although the sleep-promoting effects of ramelteon have been documented, few studies have precisely investigated the structure of sleep and neural oscillatory activities. In this study, we recorded electrocorticograms in the primary motor cortex, the primary somatosensory cortex and the olfactory bulb as well as electromyograms in unrestrained rats treated with either ramelteon or vehicle. A neural-oscillation-based algorithm was used to classify the behavior of the rats into three vigilance states (e.g., awake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep). Moreover, we investigated the region-, frequency- and state-specific modulation of extracellular oscillations in the ramelteon-treated rats. We demonstrated that in contrast to benzodiazepine treatment, ramelteon treatment promoted NREM sleep and enhanced fast gamma power in the primary motor cortex during NREM sleep, while REM sleep was unaffected. Gamma oscillations locally coordinate neuronal firing, and thus, ramelteon modulates neural oscillations in sleep states in a unique manner and may contribute to off-line information processing during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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22
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Avila J, Perry G. A Multilevel View of the Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 457:283-293. [PMID: 33246061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every year the Alzheimer's Association publishes a report that provides facts and figures indicating the public health, social and economic impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, there are a number of reviews on the disease for general readers. Also, at congresses, AD is analyzed at different but not always related levels, leading to an "elephant as seen by blind men situation" for many of the participants. The review presented herein seeks to provide readers with a holistic view of how AD develops from various perspectives: the whole human organism, brain, circuits, neurons, cellular hallmarks, and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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23
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Ren G, Yan J, Sun Y, Ren J, Dai J, Mei S, Li Y, Wang X, Yang X, Wang Q. Association Between Interictal High-Frequency Oscillations and Slow Wave in Refractory Focal Epilepsy With Good Surgical Outcome. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:335. [PMID: 33005137 PMCID: PMC7479180 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) have been proposed as a promising biomarker of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). But accurate delineation of EZ based on HFOs is still challenging. Our study compared HFOs from EZ and non-EZ on the basis of their associations with interictal slow waves, aiming at exploring a new way to localize EZ. Nineteen medically intractable epilepsy patients with good surgical outcome were included. Five minute interictal intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) epochs of slow-wave sleep were randomly selected; then ripples (80–200 Hz), fast ripples (FRs; 200–500 Hz), and slow waves (0.1–4 Hz) were automatically analyzed. The EZ and non-EZ were identified by resection range during the surgeries. We found that both ripples and FRs superimposed more frequently on slow waves in EZ than in non-EZ (P < 0.01). Although ripples preferred to occur on the down state of slow waves in both two groups, ripples in EZ tended to be closer to the down-state peak of slow wave than in non-EZ (-174 vs. -231 ms, P = 0.008). As for FR, no statistical difference was found between the two groups (P = 0.430). Additionally, slow wave-containing ripples in EZ had a steeper slope (1.7 vs. 1.5 μV/ms, P < 0.001) and wider distribution ratio (32.3 vs. 30.1%, P < 0.001) than those in the non-EZ. But for slow wave-containing FR, only a steeper slope (1.7 vs. 1.4 μV/ms, P < 0.001) was observed. Our study innovatively compared the different features of association between HFOs and slow wave in EZ and non-EZ from refractory focal epilepsy with good surgical outcome, proposing a new method to localize EZ and facilitating the surgical plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- College of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiechuan Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Dai
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Mei
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlin Li
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
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24
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Remakanthakurup Sindhu K, Staba R, Lopour BA. Trends in the use of automated algorithms for the detection of high-frequency oscillations associated with human epilepsy. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1553-1569. [PMID: 32729943 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) are a promising biomarker of the epileptogenic zone and tool for surgical planning. Many studies have shown that a high rate of HFOs (number per minute) is correlated with the seizure-onset zone, and complete removal of HFO-generating brain regions has been associated with seizure-free outcome after surgery. In order to use HFOs as a biomarker, these transient events must first be detected in electrophysiological data. Because visual detection of HFOs is time-consuming and subject to low interrater reliability, many automated algorithms have been developed, and they are being used increasingly for such studies. However, there is little guidance on how to select an algorithm, implement it in a clinical setting, and validate the performance. Therefore, we aim to review automated HFO detection algorithms, focusing on conceptual similarities and differences between them. We summarize the standard steps for data pre-processing, as well as post-processing strategies for rejection of false-positive detections. We also detail four methods for algorithm testing and validation, and we describe the specific goal achieved by each one. We briefly review direct comparisons of automated algorithms applied to the same data set, emphasizing the importance of optimizing detection parameters. Then, to assess trends in the use of automated algorithms and their potential for use in clinical studies, we review evidence for the relationship between automatically detected HFOs and surgical outcome. We conclude with practical recommendations and propose standards for the selection, implementation, and validation of automated HFO-detection algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beth A Lopour
- Biomedical Engineering, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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25
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Lendner JD, Helfrich RF, Mander BA, Romundstad L, Lin JJ, Walker MP, Larsson PG, Knight RT. An electrophysiological marker of arousal level in humans. eLife 2020; 9:e55092. [PMID: 32720644 PMCID: PMC7394547 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and general anesthesia with propofol are prominent states of reduced arousal linked to the occurrence of synchronized oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Although rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is also associated with diminished arousal levels, it is characterized by a desynchronized, 'wake-like' EEG. This observation implies that reduced arousal states are not necessarily only defined by synchronous oscillatory activity. Using intracranial and surface EEG recordings in four independent data sets, we demonstrate that the 1/f spectral slope of the electrophysiological power spectrum, which reflects the non-oscillatory, scale-free component of neural activity, delineates wakefulness from propofol anesthesia, NREM and REM sleep. Critically, the spectral slope discriminates wakefulness from REM sleep solely based on the neurophysiological brain state. Taken together, our findings describe a common electrophysiological marker that tracks states of reduced arousal, including different sleep stages as well as anesthesia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna D Lendner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Randolph F Helfrich
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchTuebingenGermany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Medical Center TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Luis Romundstad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oslo Medical CenterOsloNorway
| | - Jack J Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Pal G Larsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oslo Medical CenterOsloNorway
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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26
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Gorgoni M, D’Atri A, Scarpelli S, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. The electroencephalographic features of the sleep onset process and their experimental manipulation with sleep deprivation and transcranial electrical stimulation protocols. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:25-37. [PMID: 32343983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Manzella FM, Joksimovic SM, Orfila JE, Fine BR, Dietz RM, Sampath D, Fiedler HK, Tesic V, Atluri N, Raol YH, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Herson PS, Todorovic SM. Neonatal Ketamine Alters High-Frequency Oscillations and Synaptic Plasticity in the Subiculum But Does not Affect Sleep Macrostructure in Adolescent Rats. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:26. [PMID: 32528257 PMCID: PMC7264261 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sedative/hypnotic and anesthetic drugs, such as ketamine, during the critical period of synaptogenesis, causes profound neurotoxicity in the developing rodent and primate brains and is associated with poor cognitive outcomes later in life. The subiculum is especially vulnerable to acute neurotoxicity after neonatal exposure to sedative/hypnotic and anesthetic drugs. The subiculum acts as a relay center between the hippocampal complex and various cortical and subcortical brain regions and is also an independent generator of gamma oscillations. Gamma oscillations are vital in neuronal synchronization and play a role in learning and memory during wake and sleep. However, there has been little research examining long-term changes in subicular neurophysiology after neonatal exposure to ketamine. Here we explore the lasting effects of neonatal ketamine exposure on sleep macrostructure as well as subicular neuronal oscillations and synaptic plasticity in rats. During the peak of rodent synaptogenesis at postnatal day 7, rat pups were exposed to either 40 mg/kg of ketamine over 12 h or to volume matched saline vehicle. At weaning age, a subset of rats were implanted with a cortical and subicular electroencephalogram electrode, and at postnatal day 31, we performed in vivo experiments that included sleep macrostructure (divided into the wake, non-rapid eye movement, and rapid eye movement sleep) and electroencephalogram power spectra in cortex and subiculum. In a second subset of ketamine exposed animals, we conducted ex vivo studies of long-term potentiation (LTP) experiments in adolescent rats. Overall, we found that neonatal exposure to ketamine increased subicular gamma oscillations during non-rapid eye movement sleep but it did not alter sleep macrostructure. Also, we observed a significant decrease in subicular LTP. Gamma oscillations during non-rapid eye movement sleep are implicated in memory formation and consolidation, while LTP serves as a surrogate for learning and memory. Together these results suggest that lasting functional changes in subiculum circuitry may underlie neurocognitive impairments associated with neonatal exposure to anesthetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Manzella
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Srdjan M Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - James E Orfila
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brier R Fine
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert M Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dayalan Sampath
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas A&M, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Hanna K Fiedler
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Navya Atluri
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yogendra H Raol
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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28
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Sullivan BJ, Ammanuel S, Kipnis PA, Araki Y, Huganir RL, Kadam SD. Low-Dose Perampanel Rescues Cortical Gamma Dysregulation Associated With Parvalbumin Interneuron GluA2 Upregulation in Epileptic Syngap1 +/- Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:829-842. [PMID: 32107006 PMCID: PMC7166168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function SYNGAP1 mutations cause a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and epilepsy. SYNGAP1 is a Ras GTPase-activating protein that underlies the formation and experience-dependent regulation of postsynaptic densities. The mechanisms that contribute to this proposed monogenic cause of intellectual disability and epilepsy remain unresolved. METHODS We established the phenotype of the epileptogenesis in a Syngap1+/- mouse model using 24-hour video electroencephalography (vEEG)/electromyography recordings at advancing ages. We administered an acute low dose of perampanel, a Food and Drug Administration-approved AMPA receptor (AMPAR) antagonist, during a follow-on 24-hour vEEG to investigate the role of AMPARs in Syngap1 haploinsufficiency. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the region- and location-specific differences in the expression of the GluA2 AMPAR subunit. RESULTS A progressive worsening of the epilepsy with emergence of multiple seizure phenotypes, interictal spike frequency, sleep dysfunction, and hyperactivity was identified in Syngap1+/- mice. Interictal spikes emerged predominantly during non-rapid eye movement sleep in 24-hour vEEG of Syngap1+/- mice. Myoclonic seizures occurred at behavioral-state transitions both in Syngap1+/- mice and during an overnight EEG from a child with SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency. In Syngap1+/- mice, EEG spectral power analyses identified a significant loss of gamma power modulation during behavioral-state transitions. A significant region-specific increase of GluA2 AMPAR subunit expression in the somas of parvalbumin-positive interneurons was identified. CONCLUSIONS Acute dosing with perampanel significantly rescued behavioral state-dependent cortical gamma homeostasis, identifying a novel mechanism implicating Ca2+-impermeable AMPARs on parvalbumin-positive interneurons underlying circuit dysfunction in SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Sullivan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Simon Ammanuel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pavel A Kipnis
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yoichi Araki
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shilpa D Kadam
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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29
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Phase-based coordination of hippocampal and neocortical oscillations during human sleep. Commun Biol 2020; 3:176. [PMID: 32313064 PMCID: PMC7170909 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During sleep, new memories undergo a gradual transfer from hippocampal (HPC) to neocortical (NC) sites. Precisely timed neural oscillations are thought to mediate this sleep-dependent memory consolidation, but exactly how sleep oscillations instantiate the HPC-NC dialog remains elusive. Employing overnight invasive electroencephalography in ten neurosurgical patients, we identified three broad classes of phase-based communication between HPC and lateral temporal NC. First, we observed interregional phase synchrony for non-rapid eye movement (NREM) spindles, and N2 and rapid eye movement (REM) theta activity. Second, we found asymmetrical N3 cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling between HPC slow oscillations (SOs) and NC activity spanning the delta to high-gamma/ripple bands, but not in the opposite direction. Lastly, N2 theta and NREM spindle synchrony were themselves modulated by HPC SOs. These forms of interregional communication emphasize the role of HPC SOs in the HPC-NC dialog, and may offer a physiological basis for the sleep-dependent reorganization of mnemonic content.
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30
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Navarrete M, Valderrama M, Lewis PA. The role of slow-wave sleep rhythms in the cortical-hippocampal loop for memory consolidation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Henao D, Navarrete M, Valderrama M, Le Van Quyen M. Entrainment and synchronization of brain oscillations to auditory stimulations. Neurosci Res 2020; 156:271-278. [PMID: 32201357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oscillations of neural excitability shape sensory, motor or cognitive processes. Furthermore, a large body of research demonstrates that intrinsic oscillations are entrained by external rhythms, allowing a simple and efficient way to enhance human brain functions. As an external stimulation source, repeating acoustic stimuli have been shown to provide a possible pacing signal for modulating the electrical activity recorded by the electroencephalogram (EEG). In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding how rhythmic auditory stimulation can selectively modulate EEG oscillations. Despite growing evidence, recent evidence suggests that standard methods of data analysis are often insufficient for a definite proof of entrainment in some instances. In particular, we stressed that the complexity of the elicited modulations, often varying in phase and frequency on a short timescale, requires time-frequency measures that are better appropriate to analyze driven brain phenomena. Once entrainment is clearly established, one can assess the specificity of its expression, thus providing a better understanding of the physiology underlying brain modulation and a faster translation to treatment programs in various psychopathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Henao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Miguel Navarrete
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mario Valderrama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Michel Le Van Quyen
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), U1146 INSERM- SU - CNRS 7371, Campus des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, France
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32
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Espinosa N, Alonso A, Morales C, Espinosa P, Chávez AE, Fuentealba P. Basal Forebrain Gating by Somatostatin Neurons Drives Prefrontal Cortical Activity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:42-53. [PMID: 29161383 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain provides modulatory input to the cortex regulating brain states and cognitive processing. Somatostatin-expressing neurons constitute a heterogeneous GABAergic population known to functionally inhibit basal forebrain cortically projecting cells thus favoring sleep and cortical synchronization. However, it remains unclear if somatostatin cells can regulate population activity patterns in the basal forebrain and modulate cortical dynamics. Here, we demonstrate that somatostatin neurons regulate the corticopetal synaptic output of the basal forebrain impinging on cortical activity and behavior. Optogenetic inactivation of somatostatin neurons in vivo rapidly modified neural activity in the basal forebrain, with the consequent enhancement and desynchronization of activity in the prefrontal cortex, reflected in both neuronal spiking and network oscillations. Cortical activation was partially dependent on cholinergic transmission, suppressing slow waves and potentiating gamma oscillations. In addition, recruitment dynamics was cell type-specific, with interneurons showing similar temporal profiles, but stronger responses than pyramidal cells. Finally, optogenetic stimulation of quiescent animals during resting periods prompted locomotor activity, suggesting generalized cortical activation and increased arousal. Altogether, we provide physiological and behavioral evidence indicating that somatostatin neurons are pivotal in gating the synaptic output of the basal forebrain, thus indirectly controlling cortical operations via both cholinergic and non-cholinergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Espinosa
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia UC,Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Alonso
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia UC,Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Morales
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia UC,Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Espinosa
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso and Núcleo Milenio Biología de Enfermedades Neuropsiquiátricas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso and Núcleo Milenio Biología de Enfermedades Neuropsiquiátricas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia UC,Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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33
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Papp N, Koncz S, Kostyalik D, Kitka T, Petschner P, Vas S, Bagdy G. Acute 5-HT 2C Receptor Antagonist SB-242084 Treatment Affects EEG Gamma Band Activity Similarly to Chronic Escitalopram. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1636. [PMID: 32063851 PMCID: PMC7000428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT2CRs) are implicated in the pathomechanism and treatment of anxiety and depression. Recently, as a new biomarker of depression, alterations in the gamma power of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been suggested. Chronic treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant escitalopram has been shown to cause sleep-wake stage-dependent alterations in gamma power. However, despite the antidepressant potency of 5-HT2CR-antagonists, there is no data available regarding the effects of selective 5-HT2CR-antagonists on gamma activity. Therefore, we investigate the acute effect of the 5-HT2CR-antagonist SB-242084 on gamma power in different vigilance stages when given in monotherapy, or in combination with chronic escitalopram treatment. We administered SB-242084 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or vehicle to EEG-equipped rats after a 21-day-long pretreatment with escitalopram (10 mg/kg/day, via osmotic minipumps) or vehicle. Frontoparietal EEG, electromyogram, and motor activity were recorded during the first 3 h of passive phase, after the administration of SB-242084. Quantitative EEG analysis revealed that acute SB-242084 increased gamma power (30-60 Hz) in light and deep slow-wave sleep, and passive wakefulness. However, in active wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep, and intermediate stage, no change was observed in gamma power. The profile of the effect of SB-242084 on gamma power was similar to that produced by chronic escitalopram. Moreover, SB-242084 did not alter chronic escitalopram-induced effects on gamma. In conclusion, the similarity in the effect of the 5-HT2CR-antagonist and chronic SSRI on gamma power provides further evidence for the therapeutic potential of 5-HT2CR-antagonists in the treatment of depression and/or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Papp
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Koncz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Kostyalik
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kitka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Vas
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - György Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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Ellenrieder N, Gotman J, Zelmann R, Rogers C, Nguyen DK, Kahane P, Dubeau F, Frauscher B. How the Human Brain Sleeps: Direct Cortical Recordings of Normal Brain Activity. Ann Neurol 2019; 87:289-301. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ellenrieder
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Christine Rogers
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Philippe Kahane
- Department of NeurologyGrenoble‐Alpes University Hospital and Grenoble‐Alpes University Grenoble France
| | - François Dubeau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of MedicineQueen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
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Bernardi G, Betta M, Ricciardi E, Pietrini P, Tononi G, Siclari F. Regional Delta Waves In Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2686-2697. [PMID: 30737310 PMCID: PMC6445986 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2298-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the EEG slow wave of sleep is typically considered to be a hallmark of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, recent work in mice has shown that slow waves can also occur in REM sleep. Here, we investigated the presence and cortical distribution of negative delta (1-4 Hz) waves in human REM sleep by analyzing high-density EEG sleep recordings obtained in 28 healthy subjects. We identified two clusters of delta waves with distinctive properties: (1) a frontal-central cluster characterized by ∼2.5-3.0 Hz, relatively large, notched delta waves (so-called "sawtooth waves") that tended to occur in bursts, were associated with increased gamma activity and rapid eye movements (EMs), and upon source modeling displayed an occipital-temporal and a frontal-central component and (2) a medial-occipital cluster characterized by more isolated, slower (<2 Hz), and smaller waves that were not associated with rapid EMs, displayed a negative correlation with gamma activity, and were also found in NREM sleep. Therefore, delta waves are an integral part of REM sleep in humans and the two identified subtypes (sawtooth and medial-occipital slow waves) may reflect distinct generation mechanisms and functional roles. Sawtooth waves, which are exclusive to REM sleep, share many characteristics with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves described in animals and may represent the human equivalent or a closely related event, whereas medial-occipital slow waves appear similar to NREM sleep slow waves.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The EEG slow wave is typically considered a hallmark of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but recent work in mice has shown that it can also occur in REM sleep. By analyzing high-density EEG recordings collected in healthy adult individuals, we show that REM sleep is characterized by prominent delta waves also in humans. In particular, we identified two distinctive clusters of delta waves with different properties: a frontal-central cluster characterized by faster, activating "sawtooth waves" that share many characteristics with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves described in animals and a medial-occipital cluster containing slow waves that are more similar to NREM sleep slow waves. These findings indicate that REM sleep is a spatially and temporally heterogeneous state and may contribute to explaining its known functional and phenomenological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bernardi
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland,
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, IT-55100 Lucca, Italy, and
| | - Monica Betta
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, IT-55100 Lucca, Italy, and
| | - Emiliano Ricciardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, IT-55100 Lucca, Italy, and
| | - Pietro Pietrini
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, IT-55100 Lucca, Italy, and
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Francesca Siclari
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland,
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Hashemi NS, Dehnavi F, Moghimi S, Ghorbani M. Slow spindles are associated with cortical high frequency activity. Neuroimage 2019; 189:71-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lee M, Baird B, Gosseries O, Nieminen JO, Boly M, Postle BR, Tononi G, Lee SW. Connectivity differences between consciousness and unconsciousness in non-rapid eye movement sleep: a TMS-EEG study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5175. [PMID: 30914674 PMCID: PMC6435892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal connectivity patterns that differentiate consciousness from unconsciousness remain unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that effective connectivity, as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), breaks down during the loss of consciousness. This study investigated changes in EEG connectivity associated with consciousness during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep following parietal TMS. Compared with unconsciousness, conscious experiences during NREM sleep were associated with reduced phase-locking at low frequencies (<4 Hz). Transitivity and clustering coefficient in the delta and theta bands were also significantly lower during consciousness compared to unconsciousness, with differences in the clustering coefficient observed in scalp electrodes over parietal-occipital regions. There were no significant differences in Granger-causality patterns in frontal-to-parietal or parietal-to-frontal connectivity between reported unconsciousness and reported consciousness. Together these results suggest that alterations in spectral and spatial characteristics of network properties in posterior brain areas, in particular decreased local (segregated) connectivity at low frequencies, is a potential indicator of consciousness during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benjamin Baird
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness & Neurology Department, University and University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jaakko O Nieminen
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Melanie Boly
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bradley R Postle
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Seong-Whan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Espinosa N, Alonso A, Lara-Vasquez A, Fuentealba P. Basal forebrain somatostatin cells differentially regulate local gamma oscillations and functionally segregate motor and cognitive circuits. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2570. [PMID: 30796293 PMCID: PMC6384953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain delivers extensive axonal projections to the cortical mantle regulating brain states and cognitive processing. Recent evidence has established the basal forebrain as a subcortical node of the default mode network that directionally influences cortical dynamics trough gamma oscillations, yet their synaptic origin has not been established. Here, we used optogenetic stimulation and in vivo recordings of transgenic mice to show that somatostatin neurons exert an anatomically specialized role in the coordination of subcortical gamma oscillations of the rostral basal forebrain. Indeed, the spike timing of somatostatin cells was tightly correlated with gamma oscillations in the ventral pallidum, but not in the medial septum. Consequently, optogenetic inactivation of somatostatin neurons selectively disrupted the amplitude and coupling of gamma oscillations only in the ventral pallidum. Moreover, photosupression of somatostatin cells produced specific behavioral interferences, with the ventral pallidum regulating locomotor speed and the medial septum modulating spatial working memory. Altogether, these data suggest that basal forebrain somatostatin cells can selectively synchronize local neuronal networks in the gamma band directly impinging on cortical dynamics and behavioral performance. This further supports the role of the basal forebrain as a subcortical switch commanding transitions between internally and externally oriented brain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Espinosa
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Alonso
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Lara-Vasquez
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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EEG dissociation induced by muscarinic receptor antagonists: Coherent 40 Hz oscillations in a background of slow waves and spindles. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:28-37. [PMID: 30321557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesopontine and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are involved in the control of behavioral states and cognitive functions. Animals treated with cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonists display a dissociated state characterized by behavioral wakefulness (W) associated with high amplitude slow oscillations and spindles in the electroencephalogram (EEG), similar to those that occur during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Oscillations in the gamma frequency band (≈ 40 Hz) of the EEG also play a critical role during W and cognition. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of muscarinic antagonists on the EEG gamma band power and coherence. Five cats were implanted with electrodes in different cortices to monitor the EEG. The effects of atropine and scopolamine on power and coherence within the low gamma frequency band (30-45 Hz) from pairs of EEG recordings were analyzed and compared to gamma activity during sleep and W. Muscarinic antagonists induced a NREM sleep-like EEG profile that was accompanied by a large increase in gamma power and coherence. The values of gamma coherence were similar to that occurring during alert W (AW), and greater than in quiet W, NREM and REM sleep. We conclude that under atropine or scopolamine, functional interactions between cortical areas in the gamma frequency band remain high, as they are during AW. This significant functional connectivity at high frequency may explain why the animals remain awake in spite of the presence of slow waves and spindles.
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Frauscher B, von Ellenrieder N, Zelmann R, Rogers C, Nguyen DK, Kahane P, Dubeau F, Gotman J. High-Frequency Oscillations in the Normal Human Brain. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:374-385. [PMID: 30051505 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker for the epileptogenic zone. It has not been possible, however, to differentiate physiological from pathological HFOs, and baseline rates of HFO occurrence vary substantially across brain regions. This project establishes region-specific normative values for physiological HFOs and high-frequency activity (HFA). METHODS Intracerebral stereo-encephalographic recordings with channels displaying normal physiological activity from nonlesional tissue were selected from 2 tertiary epilepsy centers. Twenty-minute sections from N2/N3 sleep were selected for automatic detection of ripples (80-250Hz), fast ripples (>250Hz), and HFA defined as long-lasting activity > 80Hz. Normative values are provided for 17 brain regions. RESULTS A total of 1,171 bipolar channels with normal physiological activity from 71 patients were analyzed. The highest rates of ripples were recorded in the occipital cortex, medial and basal temporal region, transverse temporal gyrus and planum temporale, pre- and postcentral gyri, and medial parietal lobe. The mean rate of fast ripples was very low (0.038/min). Only 5% of channels had a rate > 0.2/min HFA was observed in the medial occipital lobe, pre- and postcentral gyri, transverse temporal gyri and planum temporale, and lateral occipital lobe. INTERPRETATION This multicenter atlas is the first to provide region-specific normative values for physiological HFO rates and HFA in common stereotactic space; rates above these can now be considered pathological. Physiological ripples are frequent in eloquent cortex. In contrast, physiological fast ripples are very rare, making fast ripples a good candidate for defining the epileptogenic zone. Ann Neurol 2018;84:374-385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rina Zelmann
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christine Rogers
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital and Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - François Dubeau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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41
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Bernardi G, Siclari F, Handjaras G, Riedner BA, Tononi G. Local and Widespread Slow Waves in Stable NREM Sleep: Evidence for Distinct Regulation Mechanisms. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:248. [PMID: 29970995 PMCID: PMC6018150 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work showed that two types of slow waves are temporally dissociated during the transition to sleep: widespread, large and steep slow waves predominate early in the falling asleep period (type I), while smaller, more circumscribed slow waves become more prevalent later (type II). Here, we studied the possible occurrence of these two types of slow waves in stable non-REM (NREM) sleep and explored potential differences in their regulation. A heuristic approach based on slow wave synchronization efficiency was developed and applied to high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings collected during consolidated NREM sleep to identify the potential type I and type II slow waves. Slow waves with characteristics compatible with those previously described for type I and type II were identified in stable NREM sleep. Importantly, these slow waves underwent opposite changes across the night, with only type II slow waves displaying a clear homeostatic regulation. In addition, we showed that the occurrence of type I slow waves was often followed by larger type II slow waves, whereas the occurrence of type II slow waves was usually followed by smaller type I waves. Finally, type II slow waves were associated with a relative increase in spindle activity, while type I slow waves triggered periods of high-frequency activity. Our results provide evidence for the existence of two distinct slow wave synchronization processes that underlie two different types of slow waves. These slow waves may have different functional roles and mark partially distinct “micro-states” of the sleeping brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bernardi
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,MoMiLab Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Francesca Siclari
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Brady A Riedner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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The Nucleus Reuniens Controls Long-Range Hippocampo-Prefrontal Gamma Synchronization during Slow Oscillations. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3026-3038. [PMID: 29459369 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3058-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma oscillations are involved in long-range coupling of distant regions that support various cognitive operations. Here we show in adult male rats that synchronized bursts of gamma oscillations bind the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during slow oscillations and slow-wave sleep, a brain state that is central for consolidation of memory traces. These gamma bursts entrained the firing of the local HPC and mPFC neuronal populations. Neurons of the nucleus reuniens (NR), which is a structural and functional hub between HPC and mPFC, demonstrated a specific increase in their firing before gamma burst onset, suggesting their involvement in HPC-mPFC binding. Chemical inactivation of NR disrupted the temporal pattern of gamma bursts and their synchronization, as well as mPFC neuronal firing. We propose that the NR drives long-range hippocampo-prefrontal coupling via gamma bursts providing temporal windows for information exchange between the HPC and mPFC during slow-wave sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-range coupling between hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is believed to support numerous cognitive functions, including memory consolidation occurring during sleep. Gamma-band synchronization is a fundamental process in many neuronal operations and is instrumental in long-range coupling. Recent evidence highlights the role of nucleus reuniens (NR) in consolidation; however, how it influences hippocampo-prefrontal coupling is unknown. In this study, we show that HPC and mPFC are synchronized by gamma bursts during slow oscillations in anesthesia and natural sleep. By manipulating and recording the NR-HPC-mPFC network, we provide evidence that the NR actively promotes this long-range gamma coupling. This coupling provides the hippocampo-prefrontal circuit with a novel mechanism to exchange information during slow-wave sleep.
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Mikulan E, Hesse E, Sedeño L, Bekinschtein T, Sigman M, García MDC, Silva W, Ciraolo C, García AM, Ibáñez A. Intracranial high-γ connectivity distinguishes wakefulness from sleep. Neuroimage 2017; 169:265-277. [PMID: 29225064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural synchrony in the γ-band is considered a fundamental process in cortical computation and communication and it has also been proposed as a crucial correlate of consciousness. However, the latter claim remains inconclusive, mainly due to methodological limitations, such as the spectral constraints of scalp-level electroencephalographic recordings or volume-conduction confounds. Here, we circumvented these caveats by comparing γ-band connectivity between two global states of consciousness via intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), which provides the most reliable measurements of high-frequency activity in the human brain. Non-REM Sleep recordings were compared to passive-wakefulness recordings of the same duration in three subjects with surgically implanted electrodes. Signals were analyzed through the weighted Phase Lag Index connectivity measure and relevant graph theory metrics. We found that connectivity in the high-γ range (90-120 Hz), as well as relevant graph theory properties, were higher during wakefulness than during sleep and discriminated between conditions better than any other canonical frequency band. Our results constitute the first report of iEEG differences between wakefulness and sleep in the high-γ range at both local and distant sites, highlighting the utility of this technique in the search for the neural correlates of global states of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Mikulan
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Eugenia Hesse
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tristán Bekinschtein
- Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - María Del Carmen García
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Asires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Silva
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Asires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Ciraolo
- Programa de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Asires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, Australia.
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Epileptic interictal discharges are more frequent during NREM slow wave downstates. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:37-42. [PMID: 28811195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epileptiform activity in various but not all epilepsy and recording types and cerebral areas is more frequent in NREM sleep, and especially during sleep periods with high-amplitude EEG slow waves. Slow waves synchronize high-frequency oscillations: physiological activity from the theta through the gamma band usually appears during scalp-positive upstates while epileptiform activity occurs at transitory phases and the scalp-negative downstate. It has been proposed that interictal discharges (IIDs) are facilitated by the high degree of neuronal firing synchrony during slow wave transitory and downstates. This would suggest that their occurrence increases as a function of slow wave synchronization, indicated by greater amplitude, steeper slopes and higher EEG signal synchronization. We investigated the occurrence of IIDs during NREM sleep slow waves in epileptic patients undergoing presurgical electrophysiological monitoring. Intracranially registered IIDs preferentially occurred during the scalp-negative downstates of frontal scalp slow waves in all subjects. IID occurrence was more frequent during larger slow waves in the pooled sample and a subset of subjects. However, slow wave slope steepness and EEG signal synchronization between two frontal scalp channels was not significantly associated with IID occurrence. Our results indicate that IIDs indeed do not occur at the same slow wave phase as physiological rhythms, but contrary to previous hypotheses their occurrence is not strongly affected by EEG synchronization.
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Rusterholz T, Achermann P, Dürr R, Koenig T, Tarokh L. Global field synchronization in gamma range of the sleep EEG tracks sleep depth: Artifact introduced by a rectangular analysis window. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 284:21-26. [PMID: 28411116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating functional connectivity between brain networks has become an area of interest in neuroscience. Several methods for investigating connectivity have recently been developed, however, these techniques need to be applied with care. We demonstrate that global field synchronization (GFS), a global measure of phase alignment in the EEG as a function of frequency, must be applied considering signal processing principles in order to yield valid results. NEW METHOD Multichannel EEG (27 derivations) was analyzed for GFS based on the complex spectrum derived by the fast Fourier transform (FFT). We examined the effect of window functions on GFS, in particular of non-rectangular windows. RESULTS Applying a rectangular window when calculating the FFT revealed high GFS values for high frequencies (>15Hz) that were highly correlated (r=0.9) with spectral power in the lower frequency range (0.75-4.5Hz) and tracked the depth of sleep. This turned out to be spurious synchronization. With a non-rectangular window (Tukey or Hanning window) these high frequency synchronization vanished. Both, GFS and power density spectra significantly differed for rectangular and non-rectangular windows. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Previous papers using GFS typically did not specify the applied window and may have used a rectangular window function. However, the demonstrated impact of the window function raises the question of the validity of some previous findings at higher frequencies. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that it is crucial to apply an appropriate window function for determining synchronization measures based on a spectral approach to avoid spurious synchronization in the beta/gamma range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rusterholz
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Dürr
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- University Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Translational Research Center, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leila Tarokh
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
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Kremen V, Duque JJ, Brinkmann BH, Berry BM, Kucewicz MT, Khadjevand F, Van Gompel J, Stead M, St Louis EK, Worrell GA. Behavioral state classification in epileptic brain using intracranial electrophysiology. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:026001. [PMID: 28050973 PMCID: PMC5460075 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Automated behavioral state classification can benefit next generation implantable epilepsy devices. In this study we explored the feasibility of automated awake (AW) and slow wave sleep (SWS) classification using wide bandwidth intracranial EEG (iEEG) in patients undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery. APPROACH Data from seven patients (age [Formula: see text], 4 women) who underwent intracranial depth electrode implantation for iEEG monitoring were included. Spectral power features (0.1-600 Hz) spanning several frequency bands from a single electrode were used to train and test a support vector machine classifier. MAIN RESULTS Classification accuracy of 97.8 ± 0.3% (normal tissue) and 89.4 ± 0.8% (epileptic tissue) across seven subjects using multiple spectral power features from a single electrode was achieved. Spectral power features from electrodes placed in normal temporal neocortex were found to be more useful (accuracy 90.8 ± 0.8%) for sleep-wake state classification than electrodes located in normal hippocampus (87.1 ± 1.6%). Spectral power in high frequency band features (Ripple (80-250 Hz), Fast Ripple (250-600 Hz)) showed comparable performance for AW and SWS classification as the best performing Berger bands (Alpha, Beta, low Gamma) with accuracy ⩾90% using a single electrode contact and single spectral feature. SIGNIFICANCE Automated classification of wake and SWS should prove useful for future implantable epilepsy devices with limited computational power, memory, and number of electrodes. Applications include quantifying patient sleep patterns and behavioral state dependent detection, prediction, and electrical stimulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Kremen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Systems Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Zikova street 1903/4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Navarrete M, Pyrzowski J, Corlier J, Valderrama M, Le Van Quyen M. Automated detection of high-frequency oscillations in electrophysiological signals: Methodological advances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 110:316-326. [PMID: 28235667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, new recording technologies have advanced such that oscillations of neuronal networks can be identified from simultaneous, multisite recordings at high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, because of the deluge of multichannel data generated by these experiments, achieving the full potential of parallel neuronal recordings also depends on the development of new mathematical methods capable of extracting meaningful information related to time, frequency and space. In this review, we aim to bridge this gap by focusing on the new analysis tools developed for the automated detection of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs, >40Hz) in local field potentials. For this, we provide a revision of different aspects associated with physiological and pathological HFOs as well as the several stages involved in their automatic detection including preprocessing, selection, rejection and analysis through time-frequency processes. Beyond basic research, the automatic detection of HFOs would greatly assist diagnosis of epilepsy disorders based on the recognition of these typical pathological patterns in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Also, we emphasize how these HFO detection methods can be applied and the properties that might be inferred from neuronal signals, indicating potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jan Pyrzowski
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Corlier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mario Valderrama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Michel Le Van Quyen
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Spatiotemporal characteristics of sleep spindles depend on cortical location. Neuroimage 2016; 146:236-245. [PMID: 27840241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery almost one century ago, sleep spindles, 0.5-2s long bursts of oscillatory activity at 9-16Hz during NREM sleep, have been thought to be global and relatively uniform throughout the cortex. Recent work, however, has brought this concept into question but it remains unclear to what degree spindles are global or local and if their properties are uniform or location-dependent. We addressed this question by recording sleep in eight patients undergoing evaluation for epilepsy with intracranial electrocorticography, which combines high spatial resolution with extensive cortical coverage. We find that spindle characteristics are not uniform but are strongly influenced by the underlying cortical regions, particularly for spindle density and fundamental frequency. We observe both highly isolated and spatially distributed spindles, but in highly skewed proportions: while most spindles are restricted to one or very few recording channels at any given time, there are spindles that occur over widespread areas, often involving lateral prefrontal cortices and superior temporal gyri. Their co-occurrence is affected by a subtle but significant propagation of spindles from the superior prefrontal regions and the temporal cortices towards the orbitofrontal cortex. This work provides a brain-wide characterization of sleep spindles as mostly local graphoelements with heterogeneous characteristics that depend on the underlying cortical area. We propose that the combination of local characteristics and global organization reflects the dual properties of the thalamo-cortical generators and provides a flexible framework to support the many functions ascribed to sleep in general and spindles specifically.
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Corlier J, Valderrama M, Navarrete M, Lehongre K, Hasboun D, Adam C, Belaid H, Clémenceau S, Baulac M, Charpier S, Navarro V, Le Van Quyen M. Voluntary control of intracortical oscillations for reconfiguration of network activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36255. [PMID: 27808225 PMCID: PMC5093688 DOI: 10.1038/srep36255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary control of oscillatory activity represents a key target in the self-regulation of brain function. Using a real-time closed-loop paradigm and simultaneous macro- and micro-electrode recordings, we studied the effects of self-induced intracortical oscillatory activity (4–8 Hz) in seven neurosurgical patients. Subjects learned to robustly and specifically induce oscillations in the target frequency, confirmed by increased oscillatory event density. We have found that the session-to-session variability in performance was explained by the functional long-range decoupling of the target area suggesting a training-induced network reorganization. Downstream effects on more local activities included progressive cross-frequency-coupling with gamma oscillations (30–120 Hz), and the dynamic modulation of neuronal firing rates and spike timing, indicating an improved temporal coordination of local circuits. These findings suggest that effects of voluntary control of intracortical oscillations can be exploited to specifically target plasticity processes to reconfigure network activity, with a particular relevance for memory function or skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Corlier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Mario Valderrama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Miguel Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Katia Lehongre
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UPMC-Paris 6, INSERM UMR S 1127 CNRS 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hasboun
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Epilepsy Unit, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Claude Adam
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Epilepsy Unit, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Hayat Belaid
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neurosurgery Department, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Clémenceau
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neurosurgery Department, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Michel Baulac
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Epilepsy Unit, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Charpier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Epilepsy Unit, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Michel Le Van Quyen
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris France.,Sorbonne University, UPMC-Paris 6, F-75005, Paris, France
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Takeuchi S, Murai R, Shimazu H, Isomura Y, Mima T, Tsujimoto T. Spatiotemporal Organization and Cross-Frequency Coupling of Sleep Spindles in Primate Cerebral Cortex. Sleep 2016; 39:1719-35. [PMID: 27397568 PMCID: PMC4989261 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The sleep spindle has been implicated in thalamic sensory gating, cortical development, and memory consolidation. These multiple functions may depend on specific spatiotemporal emergence and interactions with other spindles and other forms of brain activity. Therefore, we measured sleep spindle cortical distribution, regional heterogeneity, synchronization, and phase relationships with other electroencephalographic components in freely moving primates. METHODS Transcortical field potentials were recorded from Japanese monkeys via telemetry and were analyzed using the Hilbert-Huang transform. RESULTS Spindle (12-20 Hz) current sources were identified over a wide region of the frontoparietal cortex. Most spindles occurred independently in their own frequency, but some appeared concordant between cortical areas with frequency interdependence, particularly in nearby regions and bilaterally symmetrical regions. Spindles in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex appeared around the surface-positive and depth-negative phase of transcortically recorded slow oscillations (< 1 Hz), whereas centroparietal spindles emerged around the opposite phase. The slow-oscillation phase reversed between the prefrontal and central regions. Gamma activities increased before spindle onset. Several regional heterogeneities in properties of human spindles were replicated in the monkeys, including frequency, density, and inter-cortical time lags, although their topographic patterns were different from those of humans. The phase-amplitude coupling between spindle and gamma activity was also replicated. CONCLUSIONS Spindles in widespread cortical regions are possibly driven by independent rhythm generators, but are temporally associated to spindles in other regions and to slow and gamma oscillations by corticocortical and thalamocortical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Takeuchi
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rie Murai
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Shimazu
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Tatsuya Mima
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Tsujimoto
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
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