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Muñoz-Hernando M, Nogales P, Fernández-Barahona I, Ruiz-Cabello J, Bentzon JF, Herranz F. Sphingomyelinase-responsive nanomicelles for targeting atherosclerosis. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38426659 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06507c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases requires approaches to enhance disease monitoring and treatment. Nanoparticles offer promising potential in this area by being customisable to target components or molecular processes within plaques, while carrying diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, the number of biomarkers available to target this disease is limited. This study investigated the use of sphingomyelin-based nanomicelles triggered by sphingomyelinase (SMase) in atherosclerotic plaques. Accumulation of iron oxide-based nanomicelles in the plaque was demonstrated by fluorescence, MR imaging and electron microscopy. These findings demonstrate the possibility of utilising SMase as a mechanism to retain nanoprobes within plaques, thus opening up possibilities for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Muñoz-Hernando
- Grupo de Nanomedicina e Imagen Molecular, Instituto de Química Médica (IQM/CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Nogales
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Fernández-Barahona
- Grupo de Nanomedicina e Imagen Molecular, Instituto de Química Médica (IQM/CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 4800 Bilbao, Spain
- NMR and Imaging in Biomedicine Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy School, University Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Grupo de Nanomedicina e Imagen Molecular, Instituto de Química Médica (IQM/CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner J, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates metabolic transducer SCD1 to catalyze vascular protective metabolites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7481. [PMID: 38354249 PMCID: PMC10866565 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Exercise promotes pulsatile shear stress in the arterial circulation and ameliorates cardiometabolic diseases. However, exercise-mediated metabolic transducers for vascular protection remain under-investigated. Untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that wild-type mice undergoing voluntary wheel running exercise expressed increased endothelial stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) that catalyzes anti-inflammatory lipid metabolites, namely, oleic (OA) and palmitoleic acids (PA), to mitigate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. In silico analysis revealed that exercise augmented time-averaged wall shear stress but mitigated flow recirculation and oscillatory shear index in the lesser curvature of the mouse aortic arch. Following exercise, endothelial Scd1-deleted mice (Ldlr-/- Scd1EC-/-) on high-fat diet developed persistent VCAM1-positive endothelium in the lesser curvature and the descending aorta, whereas SCD1 overexpression via adenovirus transfection mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Single-cell transcriptomics of the aorta identified Scd1-positive and Vcam1-negative endothelial subclusters interacting with other candidate genes. Thus, exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates endothelial SCD1 to catalyze OA and PA for vascular endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Satta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry Phan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana M. Blázquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheila Gonzalez-Ramos
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Khoa Vu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sumner
- Department of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia J. Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rongsong Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Kurt Z, Cheng J, Barrere-Cain R, McQuillen CN, Saleem Z, Hsu N, Jiang N, Pan C, Franzén O, Koplev S, Wang S, Björkegren J, Lusis AJ, Blencowe M, Yang X. Shared and distinct pathways and networks genetically linked to coronary artery disease between human and mouse. eLife 2023; 12:RP88266. [PMID: 38060277 PMCID: PMC10703441 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models have been used extensively to study human coronary artery disease (CAD) or atherosclerosis and to test therapeutic targets. However, whether mouse and human share similar genetic factors and pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis has not been thoroughly investigated in a data-driven manner. We conducted a cross-species comparison study to better understand atherosclerosis pathogenesis between species by leveraging multiomics data. Specifically, we compared genetically driven and thus CAD-causal gene networks and pathways, by using human GWAS of CAD from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium and mouse GWAS of atherosclerosis from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP) followed by integration with functional multiomics human (STARNET and GTEx) and mouse (HMDP) databases. We found that mouse and human shared >75% of CAD causal pathways. Based on network topology, we then predicted key regulatory genes for both the shared pathways and species-specific pathways, which were further validated through the use of single cell data and the latest CAD GWAS. In sum, our results should serve as a much-needed guidance for which human CAD-causal pathways can or cannot be further evaluated for novel CAD therapies using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- The Information School at the University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Jenny Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Caden N McQuillen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Zara Saleem
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Neil Hsu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Nuoya Jiang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Oscar Franzén
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Simon Koplev
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Susanna Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Johan Björkegren
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, (Huddinge), Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Departments of Human Genetics & Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Interdepartmental Program of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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4
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Blackler G, Akingbasote J, Cairns E, Howlett C, Kiser P, Barra L. The effect of HLA-DRB1*04:01 on a mouse model of atherosclerosis. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 7:100203. [PMID: 37408614 PMCID: PMC10318502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives HLA-DRB1 is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to determine the effect of HLA-DRB1 on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) using a novel mouse model. Methods Mice transgenic for HLA-DRB1*04:01 (DR4tg) were crossed with low density lipoprotein receptor knock-out (Ldlr-/-) mice that develop atherosclerosis when fed a high fat, high cholesterol (HFHC) diet. Male and female DR4tgLdlr-/- (n = 48), Ldlr-/- (n = 24), DR4tg (n = 24), and C57Bl/6 (B6) background (n = 24) mice were fed HFHC or regular diet (RD) for 12 weeks. Blood samples were analyzed for serum lipoproteins using a colorimetric assay. C-reactive protein (CRP) and oxidized LDL (OxLDL) were measured using ELISA. Atherosclerosis in the aortas was assessed using the lipid stain, Sudan IV. The presence of citrulline in atherosclerotic plaque was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Sera low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher in HFHC-fed Ldlr-/- versus DR4tgLdlr-/--; p = 0.0056, but the aortic plaque burden and degree of citrullination in the plaque were similar for these two strains. The ratio of pro-atherogenic OxLDL to LDL levels was higher in DR4tgLdlr-/- than Ldlr-/-mice; p = 0.0017. All mice had an increase in CRP when fed a HFHC diet, most pronounced for DR4tgLdlr-/-; p = 0.0009. There were no significant sex differences for DR4tgLdlr-/- mice; however, male Ldlr-/- mice had worse atherosclerosis. B6 and DR4tg mice did not have significant elevations in serum cholesterol levels and did not develop atherosclerosis. Conclusions Expression of HLA-DRB1 resulted in an elevation of OxLDL and a reduction in the male bias for atherosclerosis, mimicking what is observed in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Blackler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Akingbasote
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ewa Cairns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Howlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Research Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patti Kiser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian Barra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Kurt Z, Cheng J, McQuillen CN, Saleem Z, Hsu N, Jiang N, Barrere-Cain R, Pan C, Franzen O, Koplev S, Wang S, Bjorkegren J, Lusis AJ, Blencowe M, Yang X. Shared and distinct pathways and networks genetically linked to coronary artery disease between human and mouse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.08.544148. [PMID: 37333408 PMCID: PMC10274918 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models have been used extensively to study human coronary artery disease (CAD) or atherosclerosis and to test therapeutic targets. However, whether mouse and human share similar genetic factors and pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis has not been thoroughly investigated in a data-driven manner. We conducted a cross-species comparison study to better understand atherosclerosis pathogenesis between species by leveraging multiomics data. Specifically, we compared genetically driven and thus CAD-causal gene networks and pathways, by using human GWAS of CAD from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium and mouse GWAS of atherosclerosis from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP) followed by integration with functional multiomics human (STARNET and GTEx) and mouse (HMDP) databases. We found that mouse and human shared >75% of CAD causal pathways. Based on network topology, we then predicted key regulatory genes for both the shared pathways and species-specific pathways, which were further validated through the use of single cell data and the latest CAD GWAS. In sum, our results should serve as a much-needed guidance for which human CAD-causal pathways can or cannot be further evaluated for novel CAD therapies using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Northumbria, Ellison Pl, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jenny Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caden N. McQuillen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zara Saleem
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neil Hsu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nuoya Jiang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Oscar Franzen
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-6574, US
| | - Simon Koplev
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-6574, US
| | - Susanna Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Johan Bjorkegren
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-6574, US
- Department of Medicine, (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
- Departments of Human Genetics & Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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6
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Han Y, Jiang X, Qin Y, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Liu C. A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and hyperlipidemia based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018). Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:140. [PMID: 37653500 PMCID: PMC10470145 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia is closely associated with dietary patterns and inflammation. However, the relationship between hyperlipidemia and the inflammatory potential of diets remains unexplored. The research was conducted to examine the relationship between hyperlipidemia and dietary inflammatory index (DII). METHODS The data utilized in the research were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. The information on dietary intake was gathered by conducting 24-h dietary recall interviews. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and Survey-weighted logistic regression were utilized to determine the association between DII and hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, stratification analysis was carried out. RESULTS This study included 8982 individuals with and 3458 without hyperlipidemia. Participants with hyperlipidemia exhibited higher DII scores than those without hyperlipidemia. Following adjustment for gender, age, race, education level, marital status, poverty, drinking status, diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and hemoglobin (Hb), the association between the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and DII remained significant. The RCS data demonstrated that the hyperlipidemia prevalence did not exhibit an increase until the DII score was approximately 2.78. Stratification analysis revealed that the association between DII and hyperlipidemia persisted in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS DII was associated with hyperlipidemia, and the threshold DII score for the risk of hyperlipidemia was 2.78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabin Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yile Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Kato T, Fukao K, Ohara T, Naya N, Tokuyama R, Muto S, Fukasawa H, Itai A, Matsumura KI. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of a Novel PPARδ Agonist with a 4-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)piperidine Structure. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11428-11446. [PMID: 37552807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) is considered to be a pharmaceutical target to treat metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis, but there is no PPARδ agonist available for clinical use. We have previously reported the discovery of piperidinyl/piperazinyl benzothiazole derivatives as a new series of PPARδ agonists using docking-based virtual screening methods. In the present study, we found that introduction of a pyrrolidine group into the 4-position of their central piperidine rings enhances hPPARδ activity and subtype selectivity. This led to the discovery of 21 having strong PPARδ agonist activity (EC50 = 3.6 nM) with excellent ADME properties. Furthermore, 21 significantly suppressed atherosclerosis progression by 50-60% with reduction of the serum level of MCP-1 in LDLr-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terukazu Kato
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Keita Fukao
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ohara
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Naya
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Ryukou Tokuyama
- Institute of Medicinal Molecular Design, Inc., Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Susumu Muto
- Institute of Medicinal Molecular Design, Inc., Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukasawa
- Institute of Medicinal Molecular Design, Inc., Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Itai
- Institute of Medicinal Molecular Design, Inc., Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumura
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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8
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Yang F, Huang J, He H, Ju X, Ji Y, Deng F, Wang Z, He R. Study on the hypolipidemic activity of rapeseed protein-derived peptides. Food Chem 2023; 423:136315. [PMID: 37167672 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia, a common chronic disease, is the cause of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Generally, drugs for lowering blood lipids have disadvantages such as short or poor efficacy, high toxicity, and side effects. Rapeseed active peptides are excellent substitutes for lipid-lowering drugs because of their high biological safety, strong penetration, and easy absorption by the human body. This study separated and purified the rapeseed peptides using gel chromatography and mass spectrometry. Rapeseed peptides amino acid sequences were determined to obtain Glu-Phe-Leu-Glu-Leu-Leu (EFLELL) peptides with good hypolipidaemic activity and IC50 values of 0.1973 ± 0.05 mM (sodium taurocholate), 0.375 ± 0.03 mM (sodium cholate), and 0.203 ± 0.06 mM (sodium glycine cholate). The EFLELL hypolipidaemic activity was evaluated, and its mechanism of action was investigated using cell lines. Rapeseed peptide treatment significantly decreased the total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and the protein and gene expression levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLR) suggested the mechanism. Molecular docking revealed that the binding energy between rapeseed peptide and LDLR-PCSK9 molecules was -6.3 kcal/mol and -8.1 kcal/mol. In conclusion, the rapeseed peptide EFLELL exerts a favourable hypolipidaemic effect by modulating the LDLR-PCSK9 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyan He
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing 12047, China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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9
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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner JA, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise Mitigates Flow Recirculation and Activates Mechanosensitive Transcriptome to Uncover Endothelial SCD1-Catalyzed Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539172. [PMID: 37205360 PMCID: PMC10187200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exercise modulates vascular plasticity in multiple organ systems; however, the metabolomic transducers underlying exercise and vascular protection in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature remain under-investigated. We simulated exercise-augmented pulsatile shear stress (PSS) to mitigate flow recirculation in the lesser curvature of the aortic arch. When human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were subjected to PSS ( τ ave = 50 dyne·cm -2 , ∂τ/∂t = 71 dyne·cm -2 ·s -1 , 1 Hz), untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzed the fatty acid metabolite, oleic acid (OA), to mitigate inflammatory mediators. Following 24 hours of exercise, wild-type C57BL/6J mice developed elevated SCD1-catalyzed lipid metabolites in the plasma, including OA and palmitoleic acid (PA). Exercise over a 2-week period increased endothelial SCD1 in the ER. Exercise further modulated the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS or τ ave) and oscillatory shear index (OSI ave ), upregulated Scd1 and attenuated VCAM1 expression in the disturbed flow-prone aortic arch in Ldlr -/- mice on high-fat diet but not in Ldlr -/- Scd1 EC-/- mice. Scd1 overexpression via recombinant adenovirus also mitigated ER stress. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the mouse aorta revealed interconnection of Scd1 with mechanosensitive genes, namely Irs2 , Acox1 and Adipor2 that modulate lipid metabolism pathways. Taken together, exercise modulates PSS ( τ ave and OSI ave ) to activate SCD1 as a metabolomic transducer to ameliorate inflammation in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature.
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10
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Torikai H, Chen MH, Jin L, He J, Angle JF, Shi W. Atherogenesis in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- Mice with a Genetically Resistant Background. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091255. [PMID: 37174655 PMCID: PMC10177018 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoe-deficient (Apoe-/-) and Ldlr-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice are two common animal models of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. The two models differ in lipid and glucose metabolism and other mechanisms involved in atherogenesis. Here we examined atherosclerotic lesion formation in the two models with an atherosclerosis-resistant C3H/HeJ (C3H) background. 3-month-old C3H-Ldlr-/- and C3H-Apoe-/- mice developed minimal atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root when fed a chow diet. After 12 weeks on a Western diet, C3H-Ldlr-/- mice developed 3-fold larger lesions than C3H-Apoe-/- mice in the aortic root (127,386 ± 13,439 vs. 41,542 ± 5075 μm2/section; p = 0.00028), but neither knockout formed any lesion in the carotid artery. After being ligated near its bifurcation, the common carotid artery developed intimal lesions in both knockouts 4 weeks after ligation, significantly larger in C3H-Ldlr-/- than C3H-Apoe-/- mice (68,721 ± 2706 vs. 47,472 ± 8146 μm2/section; p = 0.028). Compared to C3H-Apoe-/- mice, C3H-Ldlr-/- mice showed a 50% reduction in plasma MCP-1 levels, similar levels of malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress biomarker, on both chow and Western diets, but higher small dense LDL levels on the Western diet. These results suggest a more significant role for small dense LDL than inflammation and oxidative stress in the different susceptibility of the mouse models to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Torikai
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mei-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Li Jin
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John F Angle
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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11
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Mérian J, Ghezali L, Trenteseaux C, Duparc T, Beuzelin D, Bouguetoch V, Combes G, Sioufi N, Martinez LO, Najib S. Intermittent Fasting Resolves Dyslipidemia and Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice in a Diet-Dependent Manner, Irrespective of Sex. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040533. [PMID: 36831200 PMCID: PMC9953823 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans and animal models, intermittent fasting (IF) interventions promote body weight loss, improve metabolic health, and are thought to lower cardiovascular disease risk. However, there is a paucity of reports on the relevance of such nutritional interventions in the context of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The present study assessed the metabolic and atheroprotective effects of intermittent fasting intervention (IF) in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. Groups of male and female Apoe-/- mice were fed a regular (chow) or atherogenic (high-fat, high-cholesterol, HFCD) diet for 4 months, either ad libitum or in an alternate-day fasting manner. The results show that IF intervention improved glucose and lipid metabolism independently of sex. However, IF only decreased body weight gain in males fed chow diet and differentially modulated adipose tissue parameters and liver steatosis in a diet composition-dependent manner. Finally, IF prevented spontaneous aortic atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice fed chow diet, irrespective of sex, but failed to reduce HFCD-diet-induced atherosclerosis. Overall, the current work indicates that IF interventions can efficiently improve glucose homeostasis and treat atherogenic dyslipidemia, but a degree of caution is warranted with regard to the individual sex and the composition of the dietary regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Mérian
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Lamia Ghezali
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Lifesearch SAS, 195 Route d’Espagne, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Trenteseaux
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Lifesearch SAS, 195 Route d’Espagne, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Thibaut Duparc
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Diane Beuzelin
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Lifesearch SAS, 195 Route d’Espagne, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Bouguetoch
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Lifesearch SAS, 195 Route d’Espagne, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Combes
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Nabil Sioufi
- Lifesearch SAS, 195 Route d’Espagne, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent O. Martinez
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Souad Najib
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-531-224-082
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12
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Shin E, Kim D, Choi YY, Youn H, Seong KM, Youn B. LDR-adapted liver-derived cytokines have potential to induce atherosclerosis. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:791-806. [PMID: 36383216 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2145028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that causes cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The association between radiation and atherosclerosis has already been demonstrated; however, the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) exposure on atherosclerosis have not been reported. Our study aims to propose that LDR may cause atherosclerosis phenotypes by the upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and downregulation of androgen receptor (AR), which are cytokines secreted from the liver. METHODS Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice were irradiated at 50 mGy, 100 mGy, and 1000 mGy. LDR irradiated Ldlr-/- mice serum was analyzed by cytokine array and proteomics with silver staining. Oil Red O staining and BODIPY staining were performed to determine lipid accumulation in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Foam cell formation and monocyte recruitment were assessed through co-culture system with HUVECs and THP-1 cells. RESULTS After irradiation with LDR (100 mGy) the mice showed atherosclerotic phenotypes and through analysis results, we selected regulated cytokines, PAI-1 and AR, and found that these were changed in the liver. LDR-regulated cytokines have the potential to be transported to endothelial cells and induce lipid accumulation, inflammation of monocytes, increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and foam cells formation, that were series of phenotypes lead to plaque formation in endothelial cells and induces atherosclerosis. As a further aspect of this study, testosterone undecanoate (TU) was found to pharmacologically inhibit a series of atherosclerotic phenotypes exhibited by LDR. This study suggests a role for PAI-1 and AR in regulating the development of atherosclerosis after LDR exposure. Targeting PAI-1 and AR could serve as an attractive strategy for the management of atherosclerosis following LDR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - You Yeon Choi
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Genetic Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Their Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review of Common Variants from Genome-Wide Association Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102561. [PMID: 36292250 PMCID: PMC9601486 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered 163 loci related to coronary heart disease (CHD). Most GWAS have emphasized pathways related to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that reached genome-wide significance in their reports, while identification of CHD pathways based on the combination of all published GWAS involving various ethnicities has yet to be performed. We conducted a systematic search for articles with comprehensive GWAS data in the GWAS Catalog and PubMed, followed by a meta-analysis of the top recurring SNPs from ≥2 different articles using random or fixed-effect models according to Cochran Q and I2 statistics, and pathway enrichment analysis. Meta-analyses showed significance for 265 of 309 recurring SNPs. Enrichment analysis returned 107 significant pathways, including lipoprotein and lipid metabolisms (rs7412, rs6511720, rs11591147, rs1412444, rs11172113, rs11057830, rs4299376), atherogenesis (rs7500448, rs6504218, rs3918226, rs7623687), shared cardiovascular pathways (rs72689147, rs1800449, rs7568458), diabetes-related pathways (rs200787930, rs12146487, rs6129767), hepatitis C virus infection/hepatocellular carcinoma (rs73045269/rs8108632, rs56062135, rs188378669, rs4845625, rs11838776), and miR-29b-3p pathways (rs116843064, rs11617955, rs146092501, rs11838776, rs73045269/rs8108632). In this meta-analysis, the identification of various genetic factors and their associated pathways associated with CHD denotes the complexity of the disease. This provides an opportunity for the future development of novel CHD genetic risk scores relevant to personalized and precision medicine.
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14
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Yang ZH, Nill K, Takechi-Haraya Y, Playford MP, Nguyen D, Yu ZX, Pryor M, Tang J, Rojulpote KV, Mehta NN, Wen H, Remaley AT. Differential Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Soybean Oil Enriched in Oleic Acid versus Linoleic Acid on Plasma Lipids and Atherosclerosis in LDLR-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158385. [PMID: 35955518 PMCID: PMC9369370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Both monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in lipid metabolism, and diets enriched with either of these two fatty acids are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. Conventional soybean oil (CSO), a common food ingredient, predominantly contains linoleic acid (LA; C18:2), a n-6 PUFA. Recently, a modified soybean oil (MSO) enriched in oleic acid (C18:1), a n-9 MUFA, has been developed, because of its improved chemical stability to oxidation. However, the effect of the different dietary soybean oils on cardiovascular disease remains unknown. To test whether diets rich in CSO versus MSO would attenuate atherosclerosis development, LDL receptor knock-out (LDLR-KO) mice were fed a Western diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (control), or a Western diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) LA-rich CSO or high-oleic MSO for 12 weeks. Both soybean oils contained a similar amount of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). The CSO diet decreased plasma lipid levels and the cholesterol content of VLDL and LDL by approximately 18% (p < 0.05), likely from increased hepatic levels of PUFA, which favorably regulated genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. The MSO diet, but not the CSO diet, suppressed atherosclerotic plaque size compared to the Western control diet (Control Western diet: 6.5 ± 0.9%; CSO diet: 6.4 ± 0.7%; MSO diet: 4.0 ± 0.5%) (p < 0.05), independent of plasma lipid level changes. The MSO diet also decreased the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in the liver (Control Western diet: 4.5 ± 0.2; CSO diet: 6.1 ± 0.2; MSO diet: 2.9 ± 0.2) (p < 0.05), which correlated with favorable hepatic gene expression changes in lipid metabolism and markers of systemic inflammation. In conclusion, supplementation of the Western diet with MSO, but not CSO, reduced atherosclerosis development in LDLR-KO mice independent of changes in plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-496-6220
| | - Kimball Nill
- Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council, 1020 Innovation Lane, Mankato, MN 56001, USA;
| | - Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Martin P. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.P.P.); (N.N.M.)
| | - David Nguyen
- Laboratory of Imaging Physics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.P.P.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Han Wen
- Laboratory of Imaging Physics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
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15
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The Role of MicroRNAs in Hyperlipidemia: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutical Application. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:3101900. [PMID: 35757107 PMCID: PMC9232323 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder with high morbidity and mortality, which brings heavy burden on social. Understanding its pathogenesis and finding its potential therapeutic targets are the focus of current research in this field. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have proved that miRNAs play vital roles in regulating lipid metabolism and were considered as promising therapeutic targets for hyperlipidemia and related diseases. It is demonstrated that miR-191, miR-222, miR-224, miR-27a, miR-378a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-483, and miR-520d-5p were closely associated with the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia. In this review, we provide brief overviews about advances in miRNAs in hyperlipidemia and its potential clinical application value.
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16
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Fan X, Han J, Zhang F, Chen W. Red yeast rice: a functional food used to reduce hyperlipidemia. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2043894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
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17
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da Silva LQ, Silva Justo-Junior AD, Moraes Martinelli BD, da Cruz MA, Huber SC, de Lima Montalvão SA, de Freitas Filho LH, Vicente CP, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM. The role of platelet-rich plasma in the mild and severe stages of atherosclerotic disease in mice. Regen Med 2022; 17:259-270. [PMID: 35291812 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has a high concentration of growth factors (GFs), which present a therapeutic wound healing effect. Despite having been correlated with an immunomodulatory function, the administration of PRP has not yet been investigated in atherosclerosis models. Aim: Evaluate the effect of lyophilized PRP on atherosclerosis in mice models through serum analysis. Methods: Animals received a high-fat diet for disease induction and a weekly PRP retro-orbital application. Effectiveness was evaluated by measuring inflammatory markers in plasma following the treatment of mice with either PRP or saline solution. Results: PRP was well characterized for platelet and GF concentrations; the atherosclerotic profile was established. Cytokine concentrations were altered after PRP applications. Conclusion: PRP could modulate the inflammatory pattern in the early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Queiroz da Silva
- Haemostasis Laboratory, Hemocentro - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Amauri da Silva Justo-Junior
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Moraes Martinelli
- Haemostasis Laboratory, Hemocentro - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alves da Cruz
- Haemostasis Laboratory, Hemocentro - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Stephany Cares Huber
- Haemostasis Laboratory, Hemocentro - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-878, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique de Freitas Filho
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis & Cell Therapy, Institute of Biology Pathology - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pontes Vicente
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis & Cell Therapy, Institute of Biology Pathology - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP. Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
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18
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He LF, Wang C, Zhang YF, Guo CC, Wan Y, Li YX. Effect of Emodin on Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Zebrafish Larvae Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100675. [PMID: 34866324 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a complex pathological condition results from lipid metabolism disorder, which is closely related to obesity, atherosclerosis and steatohepatitis. Emodin (EM), a natural anthraquinone, exhibits prominent hypolipidemic effects. However, its exact mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we successfully established hyperlipidemic zebrafish model induced by 4 % high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 10 days and explored the anti-hyperlipidemic roles and underlying mechanisms of EM. The results indicated that EM attenuated the mortality and body mass index (BMI) of zebrafish with HLP, and ameliorated abnormal lipid levels involved in TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Besides, EM effectively reduced lipid accumulation in blood vessels and liver, alleviated hepatic histological damage, and inhibited vascular neutrophil inflammation. Finally, the mRNA expression of molecules related to lipid metabolism were studied by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to investigated the underlying mechanism. Further results found that treatment with EM up-regulated AMPKα, LDLR, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and down-regulated SREBP-2, PCSK9 and HMGCR expression. In conclusion, EM showed a prominent mitigative effect on lipid metabolism disorder in zebrafish larvae with HCD-stimulated HLP, which was associated with the enhancement of LDL-C uptake and reverse cholesterol transport, and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng He
- National Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources & Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources & Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ya-Fang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources & Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chao-Cheng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources & Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yan Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources & Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yun-Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources & Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
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19
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Li H, Yu XH, Ou X, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101109. [PMID: 34097928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. The liver is the major organ for cholesterol metabolism. Abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism not only leads to NAFLD but also drives the development of atherosclerotic dyslipidemia. The cholesterol level in hepatocytes reflects the dynamic balance between endogenous synthesis, uptake, esterification, and export, a process in which cholesterol is converted to neutral cholesteryl esters either for storage in cytosolic lipid droplets or for secretion as a major constituent of plasma lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins, chylomicrons, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins. In this review, we describe decades of research aimed at identifying key molecules and cellular players involved in each main aspect of hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances regarding the biological processes of hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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20
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Choi YY, Kim A, Seong KM. Chronic radiation exposure aggravates atherosclerosis by stimulating neutrophil infiltration. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1270-1281. [PMID: 34032557 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1934750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation exposure is known to increase the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, by modulating inflammation. METHODS To investigate the infiltration of leukocytes in radiation-aggravated atherosclerosis, we examined low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice and C57BL/6j mice after exposure to 0.5 or 1 Gy radiation over 16 weeks. RESULTS We found that radiation exposure induced atherosclerosis development in Ldlr-/- mice, as demonstrated by increased lipid-laden plaque size, reactive oxygen species levels, and levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, in the aortas and spleens. Total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol levels were also increased by radiation exposure, along with cardiovascular risk. We also showed dose-dependent increases in neutrophils and monocytes that coincided with a reduction in lymphocytes in the spleens of Ldlr-/- mice. The correlation between the infiltration of leukocytes and cytokine production was also confirmed in the hearts and spleens of these mice. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that chronic radiation exposure increased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, which was associated with the migration of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes into sites of atherosclerosis. Thus, our data suggest that the accumulation of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, together with the reduction of lymphocytes, contribute to aggravated atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice under prolonged exposure to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yeon Choi
- Laboratory of Biodosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Areumnuri Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biodosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Lee CY, Lee CL. Comparison of the Improvement Effect of Deep Ocean Water with Different Mineral Composition on the High Fat Diet-Induced Blood Lipid and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Mouse Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051732. [PMID: 34065270 PMCID: PMC8160870 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated lipid droplets in liver cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Deep ocean water (DOW) containing high levels of magnesium, calcium, and potassium, etc. was proven to suppress hepatic lipid in obese rats fed high fat diet in the previous study. However, the effect of mineral compositions of DOW on the prevention of NAFLD is still unclear. This study removed calcium and potassium from DOW for modulating the mineral composition, and further compared the effects of DOW (D1(Mg + Ca + K)), DOW with low potassium (D2(Mg + Ca)), and DOW with low calcium and potassium (D3(Mg)) on the prevention of NAFLD in the mice model fed with high fat diet. In these results, DOW with high magnesium levels reduced serum and liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels and serum AST and ALT activities. However, when the calcium and/or potassium minerals were removed from DOW, the effects of reduction of triglyceride level, inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) expressions, and activation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities would be weaker. In conclusion, DOW including magnesium, calcium and potassium minerals has the strongest preventive effect on NAFLD in a mouse model by increasing the antioxidant system and inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis.
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22
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Rekhi UR, Catunda RQ, Alexiou M, Sharma M, Fong A, Febbraio M. Impact of a CD36 inhibitor on Porphyromonas gingivalis mediated atherosclerosis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 126:105129. [PMID: 33934042 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if AP5055 drug, an inhibitor of CD36, prevents the increase in Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) mediated atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice by targeting CD36. METHODS Male LDLR KO mice were infected with P. gingivalis by oral lavage to induce periodontal disease and fed a western diet to induce atherosclerosis. Mice were treated with the CD36 inhibitor, AP5055 (1 mg/kg), or vehicle (1% DMSO). Aortae were dissected and stained with oil red-O for morphometric analysis; blood/plasma was collected to determine markers of inflammation by cytokine array and cholesterol levels. P. gingivalis-induced bone loss in mandibles was assessed using micro-CT. P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity was measured using a reporter gene (secreted alkaline phosphatase) assay in AP5055 treated or untreated RAW-Blue macrophages. RESULTS Isolated aortae showed a significant decrease in lesion area in the AP5055 treated group as compared to the control group. Mechanistically, in vitro analysis demonstrated that AP5055 inhibited NF-κB activity. Cytokine array showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of plasma cholesterol in AP5055 treated mice. Micro-CT measurements of bone loss were not significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION CD36 inhibitor AP5055 abrogates atherosclerotic lesion burden associated with periodontal disease, accompanied by a reduction in markers of inflammation. These experiments may support the development of drugs targeting CD36 for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Rauf Rekhi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Raisa Queiroz Catunda
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Alexiou
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Advanced Center for Parkinson's Disease Research of Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Fong
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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23
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Nie Y, Luo F. Dietary Fiber: An Opportunity for a Global Control of Hyperlipidemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5542342. [PMID: 33897940 PMCID: PMC8052145 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber has a long history in the intervention study of hyperlipidemia. In this review, current understandings of structures, sources, and natures of various kinds of dietary fibers (DFs) were analyzed first. Available evidences for the use of different varieties of DFs in the lipid-lowering action both in vitro and in vivo were subsequently classified, including both soluble ones, such as glucans, pectins, and gums, and insoluble ones, including arabinooxylans and chitosans, in order to draw a primary conclusion of their dose and molecular weight relationship with lipid-lowering effect. Their potential mechanisms, especially the related molecular mechanism of protective action in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, were summarized at last. Five major mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic benefits of DFs, including low levels of energy, bulking effect, viscosity, binding capacity, and fermentation thus ameliorating the symptoms of hyperlipidemia. From the molecular level, DFs could possibly affect the activities of HMG-CoA reductase, LDL receptors, CYP7A1, and MAPK signaling pathway as well as other lipid metabolism-related target genes. In summary, dietary fibers could be used as alternative supplements to exert certain lipid-lowering effects on humans. However, more clinical evidence is needed to strengthen this proposal and its fully underlying mechanism still requires more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Nie
- School of Food Technology and Biological Science, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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24
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Wang X, Fu Y, Xie Z, Cao M, Qu W, Xi X, Zhong S, Piao M, Peng X, Jia Y, Meng L, Tian J. Establishment of a Novel Mouse Model for Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaque. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:642751. [PMID: 33796572 PMCID: PMC8007762 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.642751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic unstable plaques. Effective intervention for vulnerable plaques (VP) is of great significance to reduce adverse cardiovascular events. Methods: Fbn1C1039G+/− mice were crossbred with LDLR−/− mice to obtain a novel model for atherosclerotic VP. After the mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 or 24 weeks, pathological staining and immunohistochemistry analyses were employed to evaluate atherosclerotic lesions. Results: Compared to control mice, Fbn1C1039G+/−LDLR−/− mice developed more severe atherosclerotic lesions, and the positive area of oil red O staining in the aortic sinus was significantly increased after 12 weeks (21.7 ± 2.0 vs. 6.3 ± 2.1) and 24 weeks (32.6 ± 2.5 vs. 18.7 ± 2.6) on a HFD. Additional vulnerable plaque characteristics, including significantly larger necrotic cores (280 ± 19 vs. 105 ± 7), thinner fiber caps (14.0 ± 2.8 vs. 32.6 ± 2.7), apparent elastin fiber fragmentation and vessel dilation (3,010 ± 67 vs. 1,465 ± 49), a 2-fold increase in macrophage number (8.5 ± 1.0 vs. 5.0 ± 0.6), obviously decreased smooth muscle cell number (0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 2.1 ± 0.2) and an ~25% decrease in total collagen content (33.6 ± 0.3 vs. 44.9 ± 9.1) were observed in Fbn1C1039G+/−LDLR−/− mice compared with control mice after 24 weeks. Furthermore, spontaneous plaque rupture, neovascularization, and intraplaque hemorrhage were detected in the model mouse plaque regions but not in those of the control mice. Conclusions: Plaques in Fbn1C1039G+/−LDLR−/− mice fed a HFD show many features of human advanced atherosclerotic unstable plaques. These results suggest that the Fbn1C1039G+/−LDLR−/− mouse is a novel model for investigating the pathological and physiological mechanisms of advanced atherosclerotic unstable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yahong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zulong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Qu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangwen Xi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Piao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Lingbo Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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25
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Bjørnholm KD, Skovsted GF, Mitgaard-Thomsen A, Rakipovski G, Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J, Povlsen GK. Liraglutide treatment improves endothelial function in the Ldlr-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis and affects genes involved in vascular remodelling and inflammation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:103-114. [PMID: 32896073 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical intervention studies have shown that the GLP1 analogue liraglutide lowers cardiovascular risk, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. This study investigated the effects of liraglutide on endothelial function in the Ldlr-/- mouse model. Mice (n = 12/group) were fed Western diet (WD) or chow for 12 weeks followed by 4 weeks of treatment with liraglutide (1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle subcutaneously. Weight loss, blood lipid content, plaque burden, vasomotor function of the aorta and gene expression pattern in aorta and brachiocephalic artery were monitored. Liraglutide treatment significantly induced weight loss (P < .0001), decreased blood triglycerides (P < .0001) and total cholesterol (P < .0001) in WD-fed mice but did not decrease plaque burden. Liraglutide also improved endothelium-mediated dilation of the distal thoracis aorta (P = .0067), but it did not affect phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside responses. Fluidigm analyses of 96 genes showed significantly altered expression of seven genes related to inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix composition in liraglutide-treated animals. We conclude that treatment with liraglutide decreased endothelial dysfunction and that this could be linked to decreased inflammation or regulation of vascular remodelling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Liraglutide/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Dahl Bjørnholm
- Department of Experimental Animal Models, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Gry Freja Skovsted
- Department of Experimental Animal Models, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Günaj Rakipovski
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Experimental Animal Models, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Experimental Animal Models, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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26
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Golforoush P, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Mouse models of atherosclerosis and their suitability for the study of myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:73. [PMID: 33258000 PMCID: PMC7704510 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques impair vascular function and can lead to arterial obstruction and tissue ischaemia. Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque within a coronary artery can result in an acute myocardial infarction, which is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prompt reperfusion can salvage some of the ischaemic territory, but ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) still causes substantial injury and is, therefore, a therapeutic target for further infarct limitation. Numerous cardioprotective strategies have been identified that can limit IR injury in animal models, but none have yet been translated effectively to patients. This disconnect prompts an urgent re-examination of the experimental models used to study IR. Since coronary atherosclerosis is the most prevalent morbidity in this patient population, and impairs coronary vessel function, it is potentially a major confounder in cardioprotective studies. Surprisingly, most studies suggest that atherosclerosis does not have a major impact on cardioprotection in mouse models. However, a major limitation of atherosclerotic animal models is that the plaques usually manifest in the aorta and proximal great vessels, and rarely in the coronary vessels. In this review, we examine the commonly used mouse models of atherosclerosis and their effect on coronary artery function and infarct size. We conclude that none of the commonly used strains of mice are ideal for this purpose; however, more recently developed mouse models of atherosclerosis fulfil the requirement for coronary artery lesions, plaque rupture and lipoprotein patterns resembling the human profile, and may enable the identification of therapeutic interventions more applicable in the clinical setting.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aortic Diseases/complications
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/complications
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Coronary Artery Disease/complications
- Coronary Artery Disease/genetics
- Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Myocardial Infarction/etiology
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/deficiency
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Golforoush
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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27
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Wood EG, Macdougall CE, Blythe H, Clément M, Colas RA, Dalli J, Marelli-Berg F, Longhi MP. HIF1α activation in dendritic cells under sterile conditions promotes an anti-inflammatory phenotype through accumulation of intracellular lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20825. [PMID: 33257753 PMCID: PMC7705732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is among the leading causes of elevated cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance and inflammation are recognized as important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disorders in obesity. Hypoxia appears to be a key factor in adipose tissue dysfunction affecting not only adipocytes but also immune cell function. Here we examined the effect of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF1α activation on classical dendritic cell (cDCs) function during obesity. We found that deletion of Hif1α on cDCs results in enhanced adipose-tissue inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation in a mouse model of obesity. This effect is mediated by HIF1α-mediated increased lipid synthesis, accumulation of lipid droplets and alter synthesis of lipid mediators. Our findings demonstrate that HIF1α activation in cDCs is necessary to control vessel wall inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Wood
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claire E Macdougall
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hazel Blythe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marc Clément
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Romain A Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - M Paula Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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28
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Kurotaki Y, Sakai N, Miyazaki T, Hosonuma M, Sato Y, Karakawa A, Chatani M, Myers M, Suzawa T, Negishi-Koga T, Kamijo R, Miyazaki A, Maruoka Y, Takami M. Effects of lipid metabolism on mouse incisor dentinogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5102. [PMID: 32198436 PMCID: PMC7083963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth formation can be affected by various factors, such as oral disease, drug administration, and systemic illness, as well as internal conditions including dentin formation. Dyslipidemia is an important lifestyle disease, though the relationship of aberrant lipid metabolism with tooth formation has not been clarified. This study was performed to examine the effects of dyslipidemia on tooth formation and tooth development. Dyslipidemia was induced in mice by giving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Additionally, LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr−/−) strain mice were used to analyze the effects of dyslipidemia and lipid metabolism in greater detail. In the HFD-fed mice, incisor elongation was decreased and pulp was significantly narrowed, while histological findings revealed disappearance of predentin. In Ldlr−/− mice fed regular chow, incisor elongation showed a decreasing trend and pulp a narrowing trend, while predentin changes were unclear. Serum lipid levels were increased in the HFD-fed wild-type (WT) mice, while Ldlr−/− mice given the HFD showed the greatest increase. These results show important effects of lipid metabolism, especially via the LDL receptor, on tooth homeostasis maintenance. In addition, they suggest a different mechanism for WT and Ldlr−/− mice, though the LDL receptor pathway may not be the only factor involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kurotaki
- Division of Community-Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosonuma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yurie Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Akiko Karakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Chatani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mie Myers
- Division of Community-Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Suzawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yasubumi Maruoka
- Division of Community-Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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29
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Andreadou I, Schulz R, Badimon L, Adameová A, Kleinbongard P, Lecour S, Nikolaou PE, Falcão-Pires I, Vilahur G, Woudberg N, Heusch G, Ferdinandy P. Hyperlipidaemia and cardioprotection: Animal models for translational studies. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5287-5311. [PMID: 31769007 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and therefore, many animal model have been developed to mimic the human abnormal elevation of blood lipid levels. In parallel, extensive research for the alleviation of ischaemia/reperfusion injury has revealed that hyperlipidaemia is a major co-morbidity that attenuates the cardioprotective effect of conditioning strategies (preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning) and that of pharmacological interventions by interfering with cardioprotective signalling pathways. In the present review article, we summarize the existing data on animal models of hypercholesterolaemia (total, low density and HDL abnormalities) and hypertriglyceridaemia used in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and protection from it. We also provide recommendations on preclinical animal models to be used for translations of the cardioprotective strategies into clinical practice. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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30
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Umar S, Ruffenach G, Moazeni S, Vaillancourt M, Hong J, Cunningham C, Cao N, Navab S, Sarji S, Li M, Lee L, Fishbein G, Ardehali A, Navab M, Reddy ST, Eghbali M. Involvement of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e012063. [PMID: 31914876 PMCID: PMC7033825 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Recently, we and others have reported a causal role for oxidized lipids in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDL‐R) in PH is not known. Methods and Results We examined the role of LDL‐R in the development of PH and determined the efficacy of high‐density lipoprotein mimetic peptide 4F in mitigating PH. Explanted human lungs and plasma from patients with PH and control subjects were analyzed for gene expression, histological characteristics, and lipoprotein oxidation. Male LDL‐R null (LDL‐R knockout) mice (12–15 months old) were fed chow, Western diet (WD), WD with 4F, and WD with scramble peptide for 12 weeks. Serial echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, oxidized LDL assay, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and histological analysis were performed. The effect of LDL‐R knockdown and oxidized LDL on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation was assessed in vitro. LDL‐R and CD36 expression levels were significantly downregulated in the lungs of patients with PH. Patients with PH also had increased lung lipid deposits, oxidized LDL, E06 immunoreactivity, and plasma oxidized LDL/LDL ratio. LDL‐R knockout mice on WD developed PH, right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, fibrosis, and lipid deposition in lungs, aortic atherosclerosis, and left ventricular dysfunction, which were prevented by 4F. Interestingly, PH in WD group preceded left ventricular dysfunction. Oxidized LDL or LDL‐R knockdown significantly increased proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro. Conclusions Human PH is associated with decreased LDL‐R in lungs and increased oxidized LDL in lungs and plasma. WD‐fed LDL‐R knockout mice develop PH and right ventricular dysfunction, implicating a role for LDL‐R and oxidized lipids in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soban Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Gregoire Ruffenach
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Shayan Moazeni
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Mylene Vaillancourt
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Jason Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Christine Cunningham
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Nancy Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Sara Navab
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Shervin Sarji
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Lisa Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Greg Fishbein
- Department of Pathology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Abbas Ardehali
- Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
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31
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Mushenkova NV, Summerhill VI, Silaeva YY, Deykin AV, Orekhov AN. Modelling of atherosclerosis in genetically modified animals. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4614-4633. [PMID: 31497187 PMCID: PMC6731422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven, chronic inflammatory disease that leads to plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. Being the common cause of many cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis makes a tremendous impact on morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in countries with higher income. Animal models of atherosclerosis are utilized as useful tools for studying the aetiology, pathogenesis and complications of atherosclerosis, thus, providing a valuable platform for the efficacy testing of different pharmacological therapies and validation of imaging techniques. To date, a large variety of models is available. Pathophysiological changes can be induced in animals by either an atherogenic diet or genetic manipulations. The discussion of advantages and disadvantages of some murine, rabbit and porcine genetic models currently available for the atherosclerosis research is the scope of the following review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volha I Summerhill
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CentreMoscow 121609, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu Silaeva
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexey V Deykin
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CentreMoscow 121609, Russia
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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32
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Mansukhani NA, Peters EB, So MM, Albaghdadi MS, Wang Z, Karver MR, Clemons TD, Laux JP, Tsihlis ND, Stupp SI, Kibbe MR. Peptide Amphiphile Supramolecular Nanostructures as a Targeted Therapy for Atherosclerosis. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900066. [PMID: 31066494 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide necessitates novel therapeutic approaches to manage atherosclerosis. Intravenously administered nanostructures are a promising noninvasive approach to deliver therapeutics that reduce plaque burden. The drug liver X receptor agonist GW3965 (LXR) can reduce atherosclerosis by promoting cholesterol efflux from plaque but causes liver toxicity when administered systemically at effective doses, thus preventing its clinical use. The ability of peptide amphiphile nanofibers containing apolipoprotein A1-derived targeting peptide 4F to serve as nanocarriers for LXR delivery (ApoA1-LXR PA) in vivo is investigated here. These nanostructures are found to successfully target atherosclerotic lesions in a mouse model within 24 h of injection. After 8 weeks of intravenous administration, the nanostructures significantly reduce plaque burden in both male and female mice to a similar extent as LXR alone in comparison to saline-treated controls. Furthermore, they do not cause increased liver toxicity in comparison to LXR treatments, which may be related to more controlled release by the nanostructure. These findings demonstrate the potential of supramolecular nanostructures as safe, effective drug nanocarriers to manage atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel A Mansukhani
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron St., Galter 3-150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Erica B Peters
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3001 Burnett-Womack Building, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Miranda M So
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Room 2036, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mazen S Albaghdadi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron St., Galter 3-150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron St., Galter 3-150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mark R Karver
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tristan D Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Rd., Tech K148, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Laux
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design, NC Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7420, USA
| | - Nick D Tsihlis
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron St., Galter 3-150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3001 Burnett-Womack Building, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Room 2036, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Rd., Tech K148, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Arkes Suite 2330, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron St., Galter 3-150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3001 Burnett-Womack Building, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of North Carolina, 333 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
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33
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Janus J, Kanber B, Mahbuba W, Beynon C, Ramnarine KV, Lambert DG, Samani NJ, Stringer EJ, Kelly ME. A preclinical ultrasound method for the assessment of vascular disease progression in murine models. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2019; 27:85-93. [PMID: 31037092 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x18793919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The efficacy of preclinical ultrasound at providing a quantitative assessment of mouse models of vascular disease is relatively unknown. In this study, preclinical ultrasound was used in combination with a semi-automatic image processing method to track arterial distension alterations in mouse models of abdominal aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. Methods Longitudinal B-mode ultrasound images of the abdominal aorta were acquired using a preclinical ultrasound scanner. Arterial distension was assessed using a semi-automatic image processing algorithm to track vessel wall motion over the cardiac cycle. A standard, manual analysis method was applied for comparison. Results Mean arterial distension was significantly lower in abdominal aortic aneurysm mice between day 0 and day 7 post-onset of disease (p < 0.01) and between day 0 and day 14 (p < 0.001), while no difference was observed in sham control mice. Manual analysis detected a significant decrease (p < 0.05) between day 0 and day 14 only. Atherosclerotic mice showed alterations in arterial distension relating to genetic modification and diet. Arterial distension was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Ldlr-/- (++/--) mice fed high-fat western diet when compared with both wild type (++/++) mice and Ldlr-/- (++/--) mice fed chow diet. The manual method did not detect a significant difference between these groups. Conclusions Arterial distension can be used as an early marker for the detection of arterial disease in murine models. The semi-automatic analysis method provided increased sensitivity to differences between experimental groups when compared to the manual analysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janus
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Baris Kanber
- Translational Imaging Group, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Beynon
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kumar V Ramnarine
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospitals of Leicester Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - David G Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Emma J Stringer
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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34
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Yamazaki H, Takahashi M, Wakabayashi T, Sakai K, Yamamuro D, Takei A, Takei S, Nagashima S, Yagyu H, Sekiya M, Ebihara K, Ishibashi S. Loss of ACAT1 Attenuates Atherosclerosis Aggravated by Loss of NCEH1 in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:246-259. [PMID: 30282838 PMCID: PMC6402884 DOI: 10.5551/jat.44040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) esterifies free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters (CE), which are subsequently hydrolyzed by neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1). The elimination of ACAT1 in vitro reduces the amounts of CE accumulated in Nceh1-deficient macrophages. The present study aimed at examining whether the loss of ACAT1 attenuates atherosclerosis which is aggravated by the loss of NCEH1 in vivo. METHODS Low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-deficient mice were transplanted with bone marrow from wild-type mice and mice lacking ACAT1, NCEH1, or both. The four types of mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet and, then, were examined for atherosclerosis. RESULTS The cross-sectional lesion size of the recipients of Nceh1-deficient bone marrow was 1.6-fold larger than that of the wild-type bone marrow. The lesions of the recipients of Nceh1-deficient bone marrow were enriched with MOMA2-positive macrophages compared with the lesions of the recipients of the wild-type bone marrow. The size and the macrophage content of the lesions of the recipients of bone marrow lacking both ACAT1 and NCEH1 were significantly smaller than the recipients of the Nceh1-deficient bone marrow, indicating that the loss of ACAT1 decreases the excess CE in the Nceh1-deficient lesions. The collagen-rich and/or mucin-rich areas and en face lesion size were enlarged in the recipients of the Acat1-/- bone marrow compared with those of the recipients of the WT bone marrow. CONCLUSION The loss of ACAT1 in bone marrow-derived cells attenuates atherosclerosis, which is aggravated by the loss of NCEH1, corroborating the in vitro functions of ACAT1 (formation of CE) and NCEH1 (hydrolysis of CE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Yamazaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Kent Sakai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Daisuke Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Akihito Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Shoko Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- The Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
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35
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Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Xie Y, Qu Y, Long H, Gu N, Jiang W. Z-Ligustilide protects vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress and rescues high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by activating multiple NRF2 downstream genes. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:110-120. [PMID: 30897380 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction is considered to exert a vital role in the development of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). NRF2 is a key transcriptional factor against oxidative stress through activation of multiple ARE-mediated genes. Z-Lig is derived from the Ligusticum species with antitumor, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection activities. However, the antioxidant potentials of Z-Lig on endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis have not been well elucidated. Therefore, in the present work, we appraise the cytoprotective property and anti-atherosclerosis effect of Z-Lig. METHODS Potential NRF2 activators were screened and verified by luciferase reporter gene assay. The protein and mRNA levels of NRF2 and ARE-mediated genes, and GSH/GSSG level in EA.hy926 cells treated with Z-Lig were detected. The cytoprotective property of Z-Lig was assessed in the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-evoked oxidative stress model. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in EA.hy926 cells were determined. An atherosclerosis model induced by HFD was used to determine the anti-atherosclerosis effect of Z-Lig in HFD-fed Ldlr-deficient mice. RESULTS In vitro, 100 μM Z-Lig upregulated expressions of NRF2 and ARE-driven genes, promoted accumulation of nuclear NRF2 and unbound NRF2- KEAP1 complex in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, Z-Lig alleviated oxidative stress and cell injury caused by t-BHP via stimulation of the NRF2/ARE pathway. In vivo, intervention with 20 mg/kg Z-Lig markedly restrained atherosclerosis progression, including attenuation of HFD-induced atherosclerotic plaque formation, alleviation of lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in aortas of HFD-fed Ldlr-/- mice. The chemopreventive effects of Z-Lig might be associated with the activation of NRF2 and ARE-driven genes. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that Z-Lig is an effective NRF2 activator, which can protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress and rescue HFD-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; First clinical medicine college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Clinical Biobank, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; First clinical medicine college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongyan Long
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Clinical Biobank, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; First clinical medicine college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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36
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Milasan A, Smaani A, Martel C. Early rescue of lymphatic function limits atherosclerosis progression in Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 283:106-119. [PMID: 30851674 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our previous data showed that lymphatic function impairment occurs before the onset of atherosclerosis in mice and is precociously associated with a defect in the propelling capacity of the collecting lymphatic vessels. Concomitantly, we found that lymphatic transport can be restored in mice by systemic injections of a mutant form of VEGF-C (VEGF-C 152s), a growth factor known to increase mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessel pumping through a VEGFR-3-dependent mechanism in rats. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether and how early modulation of collecting lymphatic vessel function could restrain atherosclerosis onset and limit its progression. METHODS Before the administration of a pro-atherosclerotic regimen, Ldlr-/- mice at 6 weeks of age were injected intraperitoneally with VEGF-C 152s or PBS every other day for 4 weeks, fed on high fat diet (HFD) for an additional 8 weeks to promote plaque progression, and switched back on chow diet for 4 more weeks to stabilize the lesion. RESULTS Early treatment with VEGF-C first improved lymphatic molecular transport in 6-week-old Ldlr-/- mice and subsequently limited plaque formation and macrophage accumulation, while improving inflammatory cell migration through the lymphatics in HFD-fed mice. The contraction frequency of the collecting lymphatic vessels was significantly increased following treatment throughout the whole atherosclerotic process and resulted in enhanced plaque stabilization. This early and maintained rescue of the lymphatic dysfunction was associated with an upregulation of VEGFR3 and FOXC2 expression on lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that early treatments that specifically target the lymphatic contraction capacity prior to lesion formation might be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ali Smaani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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May-Zhang LS, Chen Z, Dosoky NS, Yancey PG, Boyd KL, Hasty AH, Linton MF, Davies SS. Administration of N-Acyl-Phosphatidylethanolamine Expressing Bacteria to Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor -/- Mice Improves Indices of Cardiometabolic Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:420. [PMID: 30674978 PMCID: PMC6344515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases. N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are precursors of N-acylethanolamides, which are endogenous lipid satiety factors. Incorporating engineered bacteria expressing NAPEs into the gut microbiota retards development of diet induced obesity in wild-type mice. Because NAPEs can also exert anti-inflammatory effects, we hypothesized that administering NAPE-expressing bacteria to low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-/- mice fed a Western diet would improve various indices of cardiometabolic disease manifested by these mice. NAPE-expressing E. coli Nissle 1917 (pNAPE-EcN), control Nissle 1917 (pEcN), or vehicle (veh) were given via drinking water to Ldlr-/- mice for 12 weeks. Compared to pEcN or veh treatment, pNAPE-EcN significantly reduced body weight and adiposity, hepatic triglycerides, fatty acid synthesis genes, and increased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes. pNAPE-EcN also significantly reduced markers for hepatic inflammation and early signs of fibrotic development. Serum cholesterol was reduced with pNAPE-EcN, but atherosclerotic lesion size showed only a non-significant trend for reduction. However, pNAPE-EcN treatment reduced lesion necrosis by 69% indicating an effect on preventing macrophage inflammatory death. Our results suggest that incorporation of NAPE expressing bacteria into the gut microbiota can potentially serve as an adjuvant therapy to retard development of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S May-Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37221, USA
| | - Zhongyi Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37221, USA
| | - Noura S Dosoky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37221, USA
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- AA-6206 Medical Center North, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 813 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37221, USA.
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Monolluma quadrangula Protects against Oxidative Stress and Modulates LDL Receptor and Fatty Acid Synthase Gene Expression in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3914384. [PMID: 30363969 PMCID: PMC6186357 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3914384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a metabolic disorder associated with oxidative stress. The present study investigated the protective effect of Monolluma quadrangula extract on hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress in the liver and heart of high-cholesterol-diet- (HCD-) fed rats. The experimental animals received HCD for 10 weeks and were concurrently treated with 300 or 600 mg/kg M. quadrangula extract. HCD-fed rats showed a significant increase in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, vLDL-cholesterol, and cardiovascular risk indices along with decreased HDL-cholesterol and antiatherogenic index. The M. quadrangula extract significantly improved dyslipidemia and atherogenesis in HCD-fed rats. HCD induced a significant increase in serum transaminases, creatine kinase-MB, and proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, HDC induced a significant increase in hepatic and cardiac lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzymes. Treatment with the M. quadrangula extract significantly alleviated liver and heart function markers, decreased proinflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation, and enhanced the antioxidant defenses. Also, the M. quadrangula extract significantly reduced the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and increased the expression of LDL receptor in the liver of HCD-fed rats. In conclusion, the M. quadrangula extract has a potent antihyperlipidemic and cholesterol-lowering effect on HCD-fed rats. The beneficial effects of the M. quadrangula extract were mediated through the increased antioxidant defenses, decreased inflammation and lipid peroxidation, and modulated hepatic FAS and LDL receptor gene expression.
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39
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Understanding the Impact of Dietary Cholesterol on Chronic Metabolic Diseases through Studies in Rodent Models. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070939. [PMID: 30037080 PMCID: PMC6073247 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of certain chronic metabolic diseases has been attributed to elevated levels of dietary cholesterol. However, decades of research in animal models and humans have demonstrated a high complexity with respect to the impact of dietary cholesterol on the progression of these diseases. Thus, recent investigations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) point to dietary cholesterol as a key factor for the activation of inflammatory pathways underlying the transition from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and to hepatic carcinoma. Dietary cholesterol was initially thought to be the key factor for cardiovascular disease development, but its impact on the disease depends partly on the capacity to modulate plasmatic circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. These studies evidence a complex relationship between these chronic metabolic diseases and dietary cholesterol, which, in certain conditions, might promote metabolic complications. In this review, we summarize rodent studies that evaluate the impact of dietary cholesterol on these two prevalent chronic diseases and their relevance to human pathology.
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40
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Hosseini H, Yi L, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Tay C, Peter K, Bobik A, Toh BH, Kyaw T. Anti-TIM-1 Monoclonal Antibody (RMT1-10) Attenuates Atherosclerosis By Expanding IgM-producing B1a Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008447. [PMID: 29936416 PMCID: PMC6064881 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Peritoneal B1a cells attenuate atherosclerosis by secreting natural polyclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). Regulatory B cells expressing T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin domain‐1 (TIM‐1) expanded through TIM‐1 ligation by anti‐TIM‐1 monoclonal antibody (RMT1‐10) induces immune tolerance. Methods and Results We examined the capacity of RMT1‐10 to expand peritoneal B1a cells to prevent atherosclerosis development and retard progression of established atherosclerosis. RMT1‐10 treatment selectively doubled peritoneal B1a cells, tripled TIM‐1+ B1a cells and increased TIM‐1+IgM+interleukin (IL)‐10+ by 3‐fold and TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10− B1a cells by 2.5‐fold. Similar expansion of B1a B cells was observed in spleens. These effects reduced atherosclerotic lesion size, increased plasma IgM and lesion IgM deposits, and decreased oxidatively modified low‐density lipoproteins in lesions. Lesion CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, expression of proinflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, IL1β, apoptotic cell numbers and necrotic cores were also reduced. RMT1‐10 treatment failed to expand peritoneal B1a cells and reduce atherosclerosis after splenectomy that reduces B1a cells, indicating that these effects are B1a cell‐dependent. Apolipoprotein E‐KO mice fed a high‐fat diet for 6 weeks before treatment with RMT1‐10 also increased TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10+ and TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10− B1a cells and IgM levels and attenuated progression of established atherosclerosis. Conclusions RMT1‐10 treatment attenuates atherosclerosis development and progression by selectively expanding IgM producing atheroprotective B1a cells. Antibody‐based in vivo expansion of B1a cells could be an attractive approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hosseini
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Yi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anh Cao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Tay
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia .,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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41
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Medicinal components in Termitomyces mushrooms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4987-4994. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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42
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So MM, Mansukhani NA, Peters EB, Albaghdadi MS, Wang Z, Pérez CMR, Kibbe MR, Stupp SI. Peptide Amphiphile Nanostructures for Targeting of Atherosclerotic Plaque and Drug Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 30666317 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Co-assembled peptide amphiphile nanofibers designed to target atherosclerotic plaque and enhance cholesterol efflux are shown to encapsulate and deliver a liver X receptor agonist to increase efflux from murine macrophages in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy reveals that the nanofibers, which display an apolipoprotein-mimetic peptide, localize at plaque sites in LDL receptor knockout mice with or without the encapsulated molecule, while nanofibers displaying a scrambled, non-targeting peptide sequence do not demonstrate comparable binding. These results show that nanofibers functionalized with apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides may be effective vehicles for intravascular targeted drug delivery to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M So
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Neel A Mansukhani
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Erica B Peters
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mazen S Albaghdadi
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Charles M Rubert Pérez
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Mansukhani NA, Wang Z, Shively VP, Kelly ME, Vercammen JM, Kibbe MR. Sex Differences in the LDL Receptor Knockout Mouse Model of Atherosclerosis. Artery Res 2017; 20:8-11. [PMID: 29430260 PMCID: PMC5805154 DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Megan E. Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Melina R. Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Sfyri P, Matsakas A. Crossroads between peripheral atherosclerosis, western-type diet and skeletal muscle pathophysiology: emphasis on apolipoprotein E deficiency and peripheral arterial disease. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:42. [PMID: 28688452 PMCID: PMC5502081 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that, in the presence of hyperlipidaemia, promotes the formation of atheromatous plaques in large vessels of the cardiovascular system. It also affects peripheral arteries with major implications for a number of other non-vascular tissues such as the skeletal muscle, the liver and the kidney. The aim of this review is to critically discuss and assimilate current knowledge on the impact of peripheral atherosclerosis and its implications on skeletal muscle homeostasis. Accumulating data suggests that manifestations of peripheral atherosclerosis in skeletal muscle originates in a combination of increased i)-oxidative stress, ii)-inflammation, iii)-mitochondrial deficits, iv)-altered myofibre morphology and fibrosis, v)-chronic ischemia followed by impaired oxygen supply, vi)-reduced capillary density, vii)- proteolysis and viii)-apoptosis. These structural, biochemical and pathophysiological alterations impact on skeletal muscle metabolic and physiologic homeostasis and its capacity to generate force, which further affects the individual's quality of life. Particular emphasis is given on two major areas representing basic and applied science respectively: a)-the abundant evidence from a well-recognised atherogenic model; the Apolipoprotein E deficient mouse and the role of a western-type diet and b)-on skeletal myopathy and oxidative stress-induced myofibre damage from human studies on peripheral arterial disease. A significant source of reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease is the family of NADPH oxidases that contribute to several pathologies. Finally, strategies targeting NADPH oxidases in skeletal muscle in an attempt to attenuate cellular oxidative stress are highlighted, providing a better understanding of the crossroads between peripheral atherosclerosis and skeletal muscle pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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Butyrate Reduces HFD-Induced Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obese LDLr-/-.Leiden Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070714. [PMID: 28686216 PMCID: PMC5537829 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) has a modulating role in obesity-induced metabolic complications like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via the production of so-called adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. The adipokines are believed to influence other tissues and to affect insulin resistance, liver function, and to increase the risk of T2DM. In this study, we examined the impact of intervention with the short-chain fatty acid butyrate following a high-fat diet (HFD) on AT function and other metabolic risk factors associated with obesity and T2DM in mice during mid- and late life. In both mid- and late adulthood, butyrate reduced HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and elevations in leptin levels, which were associated with body weight, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels. HFD feeding stimulated macrophage accumulation primarily in epididymal AT in both mid- and late life adult mice, which correlated with liver inflammation in late adulthood. In late-adult mice, butyrate diminished increased insulin levels, which were related to adipocyte size and macrophage content in epididymal AT. These results suggest that dietary butyrate supplementation is able to counteract HFD-induced detrimental changes in AT function and metabolic outcomes in late life. These changes underlie the obesity-induced elevated risk of T2DM, and therefore it is suggested that butyrate has potential to attenuate risk factors associated with obesity and T2DM.
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Immune regulation by oral tolerance induces alternate activation of macrophages and reduces markers of plaque destabilization in Apob tm2Sgy/Ldlr tm1Her/J mice. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638138 PMCID: PMC5479867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause for cardiovascular mortality. We determined the effect of multi-antigenic construct expressing three peptides AHC (ApoB100, HSP60 and outer membrane protein of chlamydia pneumonia) in stabilizing advanced atherosclerosis in Apobtm2Sgy/Ldlrtm1Her/J mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding high fat diet (HFD) to mice for 10 weeks, followed by five oral dosing with purified AHC or ovalbumin on alternate days and continued on HFD for another 10 weeks. Tolerance was associated with significantly higher numbers of regulatory T cells both in aortic sinus and spleen with higher mRNA expression of CTLA4 (3 fold), Foxp3 (1.4 folds) and TGF-β (1.62) in aorta. Tregs cells were found to induce alternate activation of macrophages to M2 phenotype, with a reduction in plaque inflammation. AHC treatment showed evidence of plaque stabilization as observed by reduction in plaque necrosis in aortic sinus (35.8%) and in brachiocephalic artery (26%), with reduced expression of Tissue factor and MMP9. Macrophage apoptosis was reduced and collagen content was enhanced by treatment. Our results suggest that tolerance to atherogenic peptides increases regulatory T cells which activate M2 macrophages, prevent T cell proliferation and reduce plaque destabilization and inflammatory markers thus providing evidences for plaque stabilization in mice with advanced atherosclerosis.
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47
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Lee KS, Chun SY, Kwon YS, Kim S, Nam KS. Deep sea water improves hypercholesterolemia and hepatic lipid accumulation through the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolic gene expression. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2814-2822. [PMID: 28447751 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A high‑fat diet or high‑cholesterol diet (HCD) is a major cause of metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes; vascular diseases, including hypertension, stroke and arteriosclerosis; and liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of deep sea water (DSW) on rats fed a HCD. DSW decreased HCD‑induced increases in total cholesterol and low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood, and recovered high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, DSW decreased levels of liver injury markers, which were increased in response to HCD, including glutamate‑oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate‑pyruvate transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Lower lipid droplet levels were observed in the livers of rats fed a HCD and treated with DSW at a hardness of 1,500, as compared with those in the HCD only group. Semi‑quantitative reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) revealed that mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element binding protein‑1c (SREBP‑1c) in rats fed a HCD with DSW were lower compared with the HCD only group. Furthermore, quantitative RT‑PCR revealed that DSW enhanced LDL receptor (LDLR) mRNA expression in a hardness‑dependent manner. Combined, the results of the present study indicated that DSW may reduce HCD‑induced increases in blood and liver lipid levels, indicating that DSW may protect against hypercholesterolemia and non‑alcoholic hepatic steatosis. In addition, the present study demonstrated that DSW‑induced downregulation of lipids in the blood and hepatic lipid accumulation was mediated by enhancement of LDLR expression and suppression of fatty acid synthase and SREBP‑1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk‑do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Chun
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk‑do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suk Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk‑do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk‑do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk‑do 38066, Republic of Korea
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48
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Lee KS, Kwon YS, Kim S, Moon DS, Kim HJ, Nam KS. Regulatory mechanism of mineral-balanced deep sea water on hypocholesterolemic effects in HepG2 hepatic cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:405-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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49
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Lee YT, Lin HY, Chan YWF, Li KHC, To OTL, Yan BP, Liu T, Li G, Wong WT, Keung W, Tse G. Mouse models of atherosclerosis: a historical perspective and recent advances. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:12. [PMID: 28095860 PMCID: PMC5240327 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both the developed and developing countries. Animal models of atherosclerosis have served as valuable tools for providing insights on its aetiology, pathophysiology and complications. They can be used for invasive interrogation of physiological function and provide a platform for testing the efficacy and safety of different pharmacological therapies. Compared to studies using human subjects, animal models have the advantages of being easier to manage, with controllable diet and environmental risk factors. Moreover, pathophysiological changes can be induced either genetically or pharmacologically to study the harmful effects of these interventions. There is no single ideal animal model, as different systems are suitable for different research objectives. A good understanding of the similarities and differences to humans enables effective extrapolation of data for translational application. In this article, we will examine the different mouse models for the study and elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. We also review recent advances in the field, such as the role of oxidative stress in promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA damage, which can result in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Finally, novel therapeutic approaches to reduce vascular damage caused by chronic inflammation using microRNA and nano-medicine technology, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ting Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiu Yu Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | - Olivia Tsz Ling To
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
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50
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Nie Y, Luo F, Wang L, Yang T, Shi L, Li X, Shen J, Xu W, Guo T, Lin Q. Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of rice bran polysaccharide and its potential mechanism in high-fat diet mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:4028-4041. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the lipid-lowering effect of rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) and identification of the related genes of lipid metabolism. RBP, rice bran polysaccharide; HFD, high fat diet.
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