1
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Baig M, Alghalayini KW, Gazzaz ZJ, Murad MA. Serum Vitamin D and Vaspin Levels Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Their Association with Risk Factors. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:2907-2917. [PMID: 38974138 PMCID: PMC11227333 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s466665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study investigated and compared serum levels of vitamin D (VD) and vaspin in AMI patients and healthy subjects and correlated these biomarkers with other biochemical risk factors for AMI. Patients and Methods The research was carried out at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah. Blood samples and additional information were gathered from 110 admitted AMI patients in the Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) (ages 40-65 years) and 50 adult, healthy volunteers whose BMI and age were similar to those of the patients. Results AMI patients had significantly lower vaspin (p < 0.001) and VD levels (p < 0.001) than the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were shown to be significantly different between AMI patients and controls. Among the AMI patients, 15 (13.6%) had deficient serum VD levels (≤20 ng/mL), 60 (54.5%) had insufficient levels (>20 - <30 ng/mL), and 35 (31.8%) had sufficient levels (≥30 ng/mL). In healthy subjects, VD levels were deficient in 4(8%), insufficient in 13 (26%), and sufficient in 33 (66%). VD insufficiency was more prevalent in AMI patients compared to the healthy group (54.5% vs 26%; p < 0.001). In AMI patients, serum vaspin was found to be related to age and HbA1c in the control group. VD did not show a significant correlation with any variable in AMI patients and healthy subjects. Serum vaspin (p = 0.89) and VD levels (p = 0.29) did not differ significantly between female and male control groups. Conclusion Compared to the healthy group, AMI patients showed significantly lower vaspin and VD levels. Additionally, AMI patients had a higher prevalence of VD deficiency and insufficiency, suggesting its possible role in the occurrence of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Waheeb Alghalayini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Consultant Cardiologist, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair Jamil Gazzaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abdulaziz Murad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Fang A, Zhao Y, Yang P, Zhang X, Giovannucci EL. Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:467-490. [PMID: 38214845 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
We summarized the current evidence on vitamin D and major health outcomes from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. PubMed and Embase were searched for original MR studies on vitamin D in relation to any health outcome from inception to September 1, 2022. Nonlinear MR findings were excluded due to concerns about the validity of the statistical methods used. A meta-analysis was preformed to synthesize study-specific estimates after excluding overlapping samples, where applicable. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the STROBE-MR checklist. A total of 133 MR publications were eligible for inclusion in the analyses. The causal association between vitamin D status and 275 individual outcomes was examined. Linear MR analyses showed genetically high 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were associated with reduced risk of multiple sclerosis incidence and relapse, non-infectious uveitis and scleritis, psoriasis, femur fracture, leg fracture, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anorexia nervosa, delirium, heart failure, ovarian cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and bacterial pneumonia, but increased risk of Behçet's disease, Graves' disease, kidney stone disease, fracture of radium/ulna, basal cell carcinoma, and overall cataracts. Stratified analyses showed that the inverse association between genetically predisposed 25(OH)D concentrations and multiple sclerosis risk was significant and consistent regardless of the genetic instruments GIs selected. However, the associations with most of the other outcomes were only pronounced when using genetic variants not limited to those in the vitamin D pathway as GIs. The methodological quality of the included MR studies was substantially heterogeneous. Current evidence from linear MR studies strongly supports a causal role of vitamin D in the development of multiple sclerosis. Suggestive support for a number of other health conditions could help prioritize conditions where vitamin D may be beneficial or harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Hariri Z, Kord-Varkaneh H, Alyahya N, Prabahar K, Găman MA, Abu-Zaid A. Higher Dietary Vitamin D Intake Influences the Lipid Profile and hs-CRP Concentrations: Cross-Sectional Assessment Based on The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020581. [PMID: 36836938 PMCID: PMC9965151 DOI: 10.3390/life13020581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. An unanswered question in the field of nutrition is whether there is an association between vitamin D intake and the lipid profile in adults. We conducted this cross-sectional study in order to investigate the impact of vitamin D intake on the lipid profile of adults in the context of the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods. Serum lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and the Vitamin D intake in 2588 people aged 19 to 70 years was collected using laboratory analysis and 24-h recall, respectively. The one-way ANOVA test was used to compare quantitative variables and the chi-squared test was used to compare qualitative ones. Multivariate logistic regression for three models was performed to assess the odds ratio (OR) of high total cholesterol (TC) (>200 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG) (>150 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (>115 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (<40 mg/dL) and hs-CRP (>1 mg/l) based on the tertiles of dietary vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake. Results. After adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, alcohol intake, energy intake, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, fiber intake and fat intake, individuals in the tertile with the highest versus lowest vitamin D intake (>1 mcg/day vs. <0.10 mcg/day) had lower odds of displaying elevated TC, LDL-C and hs-CRP concentrations (OR 0.57; CI: 0.37 to 0.88; P-trend: 0.045, OR 0.59; CI: 0.34 to 1.01; P-trend: 0.025 and OR 0.67; CI: 0.45 to 0.99; P-trend: 0.048, respectively). Based on the results of the logistic regression, no correlation between vitamin D intake and changes in TG or HDL-C values was noted. Conclusions. Our cross-sectional study indicates that higher dietary vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake is associated with lower TC, LDL-C and hs-CRP levels. No relationship between dietary vitamin D intake and TG or HDL-C values was detected. Further large-scale randomized trials are needed to evaluate the actual association between dietary vitamin D intake and the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hariri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Noura Alyahya
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.-A.G.); (A.A.-Z.)
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.-A.G.); (A.A.-Z.)
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4
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Katagiri R, Goto A, Nakano S, Nakatochi M, Koyanagi YN, Iwagami M, Hanyuda A, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Nakamura Y, Nakamura S, Kuriki K, Suzuki S, Imoto I, Momozawa Y, Oze I, Ito H, Tsugane S, Wakai K, Matsuo K, Iwasaki M. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risk of overall and colorectal cancer among Japanese using a Mendelian randomization approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2384. [PMID: 36765195 PMCID: PMC9918529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D and total and colorectal cancer risk was inconsistent in observational studies. We conducted Mendelian randomization approach in which the effect of confounding might be reduced. 110 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were systematically selected according to the "GWAS Catalog" from all ethnic populations. For the SNP-vitamin D concentration association, 3978 individuals from two Japanese cohorts were included. Regarding SNP-total and colorectal cancer association, 4543 cancer cases and 14,224 controls and 7936 colorectal cancer cases and 38,042 controls, respectively were included from the Japanese Consortium of Genetic Epidemiology and other studies in Japan. There was no significant association between the genetically predicted plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and total or colorectal cancer in any of the MR analyses. Odds ratios per doubling in vitamin D concentration were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-1.09) for total cancer and 1.00 (95% CI 0.80-1.24) for colorectal cancer in inverse variance weighted method, 0.83 (95% CI 0.57-1.19) for total cancer and 1.01 (95% CI 0.75-1.37) for colorectal cancer in MR-Egger method. Consistent with previous MR analyses among European ancestries, there was no significant association identified between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and total or colorectal cancer among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakano
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masao Iwagami
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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KIRAÇ D, YAMAN AE, GEZMİŞ H, YEŞİLÇİMEN K, AVCILAR T, GÜNEY İ, ALTUNOK EÇ, KOÇ G, AKKANAT R, İŞBİR T. VDBP and VDR Mutations May Cause In-Stent Restenosis. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.953893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In-stent restenosis (ISR) is the narrowing of a stented coronary artery lesion. A considerable number of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are affected by ISR. The predominant mechanism in the development of ISR is an inflammatory response to vessel wall injury during PCI. Vitamin D is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, so it may also be related with ISR. Therefore, in this study the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) gene variations and ISR were investigated.
Methods: Fifty-eight ISR patients who have chest pain, underwent angiography and were found to have restenosis in the previously inserted stent were included in the patient group and thirty-five patients who have chest pain and were not found to have restenosis in their previous stent in coronary angiography were included in the control group. rs7041 and rs4588 variations in VDBP; rs1544410 and rs2228570 variations in VDR were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results were evaluated statistically.
Results: The CC genotype of rs2228570 variation of VDR and the CA genotype of rs4588 variation of VDBP were found statistically high in patient group. rs7041 variation was found statistically high in patients who had myocardial infarction history before stent implantation. Additionally, it was demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D level
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz KIRAÇ
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Erdem YAMAN
- Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hazal GEZMİŞ
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal YEŞİLÇİMEN
- Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba AVCILAR
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlter GÜNEY
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Çiğdem ALTUNOK
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Infırmatics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah KOÇ
- Istanbul Aydin University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabican AKKANAT
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay İŞBİR
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Zhernakova NI, Bunova SS, Agarkov NM, Lebedev DT, Aksenov VV. Vitamin D Deficiency as an Independent Predictor of Myocardial Infarction in the Elderly. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1069-1076. [PMID: 35096343 PMCID: PMC8791001 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356047.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of disability and death in the world, and the number of patients with this category of diseases is increasing every year. This study aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D and the problems caused by its deficiency on the cardiovascular system. Level of D-(25(OH]D) in blood was studied by enzyme immunoassay in 95 elderly patients with myocardial infarction (MI) (the main group) and 92 elderly patients with no history of MI. The level of lipid metabolism as an indicator was determined using a KoneLab 300 auto-analyzer. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the elderly group without MI had the highest amount of D-(25(OH]D)(24.5±1.2), compared to the elderly group with MI (14.8±1.3). The rates of expressed deficiency, deficiency, and insufficiency in the group of elderly with MI were 53.6±5.1, 23.2±4.4, and 12.6±3.4%, respectively. This experiment has shown that D-(25(OH]D) is involved in lipid metabolism and reduces the accumulation of cholesterol by macrophages. The content of vitamin D in blood plasma was a prognostic predictor of MI, which improved MI in the elderly. Regardless of pathological changes, the deficit level of D-(25(OH]D) should be considered a laboratory predictor of MI in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Zhernakova
- FGAOU VO, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - S S Bunova
- FGAOU VO, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - N M Agarkov
- FGAOU VO, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - D T Lebedev
- FGAOU VO, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - V V Aksenov
- FGBOU VO, South-West State University, Kursk, Russia
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7
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Bejar CA, Goyal S, Afzal S, Mangino M, Zhou A, van der Most PJ, Bao Y, Gupta V, Smart MC, Walia GK, Verweij N, Power C, Prabhakaran D, Singh JR, Mehra NK, Wander GS, Ralhan S, Kinra S, Kumari M, de Borst MH, Hyppönen E, Spector TD, Nordestgaard BG, Blackett PR, Sanghera DK. A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study to evaluate the causal role of reduced blood vitamin D levels with type 2 diabetes risk in South Asians and Europeans. Nutr J 2021; 20:71. [PMID: 34315477 PMCID: PMC8314596 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Multiple observational studies have reported an
inverse relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin
D concentrations (25(OH)D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the results of
short- and long-term interventional trials concerning the relationship between 25(OH)D and T2D risk have been
inconsistent. Objectives and methods To evaluate the causal role of reduced blood
25(OH)D in T2D, here we have performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization
study using 59,890 individuals (5,862 T2D cases and 54,028 controls) from
European and Asian Indian ancestries. We used six known SNPs, including three
T2D SNPs and three vitamin D pathway SNPs, as a genetic instrument to evaluate
the causality and direction of the association between T2D and circulating
25(OH)D concentration. Results Results of the combined meta-analysis of eight
participating studies showed that a composite score of three T2D SNPs would
significantly increase T2D risk by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.24, p = 1.82 × 10–32; Z score 11.86, which, however, had
no significant association with 25(OH)D status (Beta -0.02nmol/L ± SE
0.01nmol/L; p = 0.83; Z score -0.21). Likewise, the genetically
instrumented composite score of 25(OH)D lowering alleles significantly
decreased 25(OH)D concentrations (-2.1nmol/L ± SE 0.1nmol/L,
p = 7.92 × 10–78; Z score -18.68) but was not
associated with increased risk for T2D (OR 1.00, p = 0.12;
Z score 1.54). However, using 25(OH)D synthesis SNP (DHCR7; rs12785878) as an
individual genetic instrument, a per allele reduction of 25(OH)D concentration
(-4.2nmol/L ± SE 0.3nmol/L)
was predicted to increase T2D risk by 5%, p = 0.004;
Z score 2.84. This effect, however, was not seen in other 25(OH)D SNPs (GC
rs2282679, CYP2R1 rs12794714) when used as an individual instrument. Conclusion Our new data on this bidirectional Mendelian
randomization study suggests that genetically instrumented T2D risk does not
cause changes in 25(OH)D levels. However, genetically regulated 25(OH)D
deficiency due to vitamin D synthesis gene (DHCR7) may influence the risk of
T2D. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-021-00725-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, OK, 73104, OK City, USA
| | - Shiwali Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, OK, 73104, OK City, USA
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, SE1 9RT, London, UK
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Yanchun Bao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Melissa C Smart
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Jai Rup Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Narinder K Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sarju Ralhan
- Department of Cardiology, Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Population, Policy and Practice, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.,Australian Centre for Precision Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Piers R Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, OK, 73104, OK City, USA. .,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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8
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Grübler MR, Gängler S, Egli A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Effects of vitamin D3 on glucose metabolism in patients with severe osteoarthritis: A randomized double-blind trial comparing daily 2000 with 800 IU vitamin D3. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:1011-1019. [PMID: 33368963 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of daily 800 versus 2000 IU of vitamin D3 supplementation over 24 months on glycaemic control in older adults after unilateral knee replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Zurich Multiple Endpoint Vitamin D Trial in Knee OA Patients was a randomized, double-blind trial conducted from 2008 to 2014 in Zurich, Switzerland. Participants were randomly allocated to 800 or 2000 IU vitamin D3 daily for 24 months. This study investigates the predefined secondary endpoints of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, baseline vitamin D deficiency and body mass index. RESULTS A total of 251 participants (age 70.2 ± 6.5 years; 55.4% women; 39% impaired glucose tolerance, mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D 27.48 ± 12.48 ng/mL, mean FBG 5.49 ± 0.71 mmol/L) were included in this analysis. There was no significant difference in FBG between the group receiving 800 versus 2000 IU after 2 years with a least square mean (95% CI) of 5.32 (5.19; 5.44) versus 5.39 (5.27; 5.51) mmol/L (ptreat = .130) and no difference in HOMA-IR (0.44 [0.37; 0.52] vs. 0.49 [0.41; 0.58]; ptreat = .162), respectively. However, FBG decreased significantly over time independent of vitamin D3 dose (800 IU: 5.54 [5.42; 5.66] to 5.32 [5.19; 5.44], ptime < .001; 2000 IU: 5.5 [5.38; 5.62] to 5.39 [5.27; 5.51] mmol/L, ptime = .019). CONCLUSIONS There was no clinically meaningful difference between 800 and 2000 IU of vitamin D3 over 2 years in FBG or HOMA-IR in community-dwelling older adults. Glycaemic outcomes improved in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Grübler
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, City Hospital Waid&Triemli and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephanie Gängler
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, City Hospital Waid&Triemli and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Egli
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, City Hospital Waid&Triemli and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, City Hospital Waid&Triemli and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, City Hospital Waid&Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Franks PW, Pomares-Millan H. Next-generation epidemiology: the role of high-resolution molecular phenotyping in diabetes research. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2521-2532. [PMID: 32840675 PMCID: PMC7641957 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologists have for many decades reported on the patterns and distributions of diabetes within and between populations and have helped to elucidate the aetiology of the disease. This has helped raise awareness of the tremendous burden the disease places on individuals and societies; it has also identified key risk factors that have become the focus of diabetes prevention trials and helped shape public health recommendations. Recent developments in affordable high-throughput genetic and molecular phenotyping technologies have driven the emergence of a new type of epidemiology with a more mechanistic focus than ever before. Studies employing these technologies have identified gene variants or causal loci, and linked these to other omics data that help define the molecular processes mediating the effects of genetic variation in the expression of clinical phenotypes. The scale of these epidemiological studies is rapidly growing; a trend that is set to continue as the public and private sectors invest heavily in omics data generation. Many are banking on this massive volume of diverse molecular data for breakthroughs in drug discovery and predicting sensitivity to risk factors, response to therapies and susceptibility to diabetes complications, as well as the development of disease-monitoring tools and surrogate outcomes. To realise these possibilities, it is essential that omics technologies are applied to well-designed epidemiological studies and that the emerging data are carefully analysed and interpreted. One might view this as next-generation epidemiology, where complex high-dimensionality data analysis approaches will need to be blended with many of the core principles of epidemiological research. In this article, we review the literature on omics in diabetes epidemiology and discuss how this field is evolving. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hugo Pomares-Millan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
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10
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Pittas AG, Jorde R, Kawahara T, Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: To D or Not to D? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa594. [PMID: 32844212 PMCID: PMC7571449 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Over the last decade, vitamin D has emerged as a risk determinant for type 2 diabetes and vitamin D supplementation has been hypothesized as a potential intervention to lower diabetes risk. Recently, several trials have reported on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on diabetes prevention in people with prediabetes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify: (1) recent meta-analyses of longitudinal observational studies that report on the association between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level and incident diabetes, and (2) clinical trials of adults with prediabetes that have reported on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on incident diabetes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Longitudinal observational studies report highly consistent associations between higher blood 25(OH)D levels and a lower risk of incident diabetes in diverse populations, including populations with prediabetes. Trials in persons with prediabetes show risk reduction in incident diabetes with vitamin D supplementation. In the 3 large trials that were specifically designed and conducted for the prevention of diabetes, vitamin D supplementation, when compared with placebo, reduced the risk of developing diabetes by 10% to 13% in persons with prediabetes not selected for vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Results from recent trials are congruent with a large body of evidence from observational studies indicating that vitamin D has a role in modulating diabetes risk. Participant-level meta-analysis of the 3 largest trials should provide a more refined estimate of risk reduction and identify patient populations that are likely to benefit the most from vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rolf Jorde
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tetsuya Kawahara
- Division of Internal Medicine, Kokura Medical Association Health Testing Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Alathari BE, Sabta AA, Kalpana CA, Vimaleswaran KS. Vitamin D pathway-related gene polymorphisms and their association with metabolic diseases: A literature review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1701-1729. [PMID: 33553043 PMCID: PMC7843833 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given that the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear, this review will focus on the genetic associations, which are less prone to confounding, between vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and metabolic diseases. METHODS A literature search of relevant articles was performed on PubMed up to December 2019. Those articles that had examined the association of vitamin D-related SNPs with obesity and/or T2D were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility for the inclusion criteria and extracted the data. In total, 73 articles were included in this review. RESULTS There is a lack of research focusing on the association of vitamin D synthesis-related genes with obesity and T2D; however, the limited available research, although inconsistent, is suggestive of a protective effect on T2D risk. While there are several studies that investigated the vitamin D metabolism-related SNPs, the research focusing on vitamin D activation, catabolism and transport genes is limited. Studies on CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and GC genes demonstrated a lack of association with obesity and T2D in Europeans; however, significant associations with T2D were found in South Asians. VDR gene SNPs have been extensively researched; in particular, the focus has been mainly on BsmI (rs1544410), TaqI (rs731236), ApaI (rs7975232) and FokI (rs2228570) SNPs. Even though the association between VDR SNPs and metabolic diseases remain inconsistent, some positive associations showing potential effects on obesity and T2D in specific ethnic groups were identified. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this literature review suggests that ethnic-specific genetic associations are involved. Further research utilizing large studies is necessary to better understand these ethnic-specific genetic associations between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, P.O. Box 14281, AlFaiha , 72853 Kuwait
| | - Aji A. Sabta
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, 55183 Indonesia
- Postgraduate Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra , 25172 Indonesia
| | - Chinnappan A. Kalpana
- Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
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12
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Sadeghi H, Kamaliyan Z, Mohseni R, Sahebi U, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Aghaei N, Zali MR, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Mirfakhraie R, Moshiri A. Dysregulation of vitamin D synthesis pathway genes in colorectal cancer: A case-control study. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23617. [PMID: 33058307 PMCID: PMC7891505 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytochromes P450 are a superfamily of enzymes that control the synthesis of the biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3. These enzymes contribute to the formation of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, which starts with a 25‐hydroxylation by CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 and a subsequent 1α‐hydroxylation via CYP27B1. Methods By using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), we analyzed the expression ratio of CYP2R1, CYP27A1 and CYP27B1 genes within the vitamin D metabolic pathway in a total of 75 colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues compared to the adjacent tissues. Furthermore, we evaluated the association of CYP27B1 rs4646536 and CYP2R1 rs12794714 and rs10766196 polymorphisms with CRC risk in a total of 490 subjects, including 245 CRC patients and 245 non‐cancer controls. The genotyping was performed using tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (TP‐ARMS–PCR) method. Results The results indicated 2.3 and 2.7 upregulation of CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes in colorectal cancer tissues compared to the adjacent tissues, respectively. Rs12794714 AG genotype increased the risk of CRC (P = .03). Furthermore, a significant association was observed under the dominant inheritance model (P = .039). Conclusion CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes were over‐expressed in CRC samples compared to the adjacent control tissues. Furthermore, CYP2R1 rs12794714 variant was associated with the risk of CRC in the studied samples. CYP2R1 rs10766196 and CYP27B1 rs4646536 are not responsible for CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes expression alteration, respectively, but CYP2R1 rs12794714 polymorphism may be the reason of CYP2R1 upregulation and increased the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadeghi
- Molecular Genetics Department, Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeeba Kamaliyan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Unes Sahebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Aghaei
- Ophthalmology Department, Ophthalmic Research Center, Torfe Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Molecular Genetics Department, Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Fan X, Wang J, Song M, Giovannucci EL, Ma H, Jin G, Hu Z, Shen H, Hang D. Vitamin D Status and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large Cohort: Results From the UK Biobank. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5867168. [PMID: 32620963 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although an inverse association between vitamin D status and mortality has been reported in observational studies, the precise association shape and optimal vitamin D status remain undetermined. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between vitamin D status and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and estimate optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING UK Biobank. PARTICIPANTS 365 530 participants who had serum 25(OH)D measurements and no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or diabetes at baseline (2006-2010). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.9 (interquartile range: 8.3-9.5) years, 10 175 deaths occurred, including 1841 (18.1%) due to CVD and 5737 (56.4%) due to cancer. The multivariate analyses revealed nonlinear inverse associations, with a decrease in mortality risk appearing to level off at 60 nmol/L of 25(OH)D for all-cause and CVD deaths and at 45 nmol/L for cancer deaths. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D concentrations below the cutoffs, those with higher concentrations had a 17% lower risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.86), 23% lower risk for CVD mortality (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.86), and 11% lower risk for cancer mortality (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Higher 25(OH)D concentrations are nonlinearly associated with lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The thresholds of 45 to 60 nmol/L might represent an intervention target to reduce the overall risk of premature death, which needs further confirmation in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Klahold E, Penna-Martinez M, Bruns F, Seidl C, Wicker S, Badenhoop K. Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes: Genetic Susceptibility and the Response to Supplementation. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:492-499. [PMID: 32542627 PMCID: PMC7746514 DOI: 10.1055/a-1157-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Variants of vitamin D metabolism-genes may predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the impact of these variants on disease susceptibility, Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, C-peptide and HbA1c levels before and after cholecalciferol supplementation in patients with T2D.Twelve polymorphisms within CYP2R1, CYP27B1, DBP, VDR and CYP24A1 were genotyped in 553 T2D patients and 916 controls. In addition 65 patients receiving either cholecalciferol or placebo were analyzed during 6 months intervention and 6 months follow-up.T2D risk alleles are VDR rs7975232 "G" (pc=0.031), rs1544410 "G" (pc=0.027) and CYP2R1 rs10741657 "A" (pc=0.016). Patients with genotypes CYP27B1 rs10877012 "CC" (pc=4x10-5), DBP rs7041 "GG" (pc=0.003), rs4588 "CC" (pc = 3x10-4), CYP24A1 rs2585426 "CG" (pc=0.006) and rs2248137 "CG" (pc=0.001) showed lower 25(OH)D3 and DBP rs4588 "CC" lower 1,25(OH)2D3 levels (pc=0.005). Whereas DBP rs4588 "CC" (pc=0.009), CYP27B1 rs10877012 "AC" (pc=0.059), VDR rs7975323 "AG" (pc=0.033) and rs1544410 "GG" (pc=0.013) are associated with higher 25(OH)D3 levels at 6 months' follow-up. Significant PTH suppression was detected for CYP2R1 "AG" (pc=0.002), DBP rs4588 "CC" (pc<0.001), VDR rs110735810 "CT" (pc<0.001) and CYP24A1 rs2248137 "GG" (pc=0.021).Genetic variants of the vitamin D system predispose to type 2 diabetes and regulate - partially - vitamin D metabolism, concentrations and the vitamin D status. Vitamin D insufficiency is a T2D risk factor. The response to cholecalciferol supplementation can be measured as 25(OH)D3 increment and PTH suppression. This process is regulated by genes of the vitamin D system conferring modest T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Klahold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes
and Metabolism, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
- Correspondence: Edith Klahold Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of
Endocrinology,Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe-University HospitalTheodor-Stern-Kai 760590 Frankfurt/MainGermany+49 69 6301 83977+49 69 6301 83343
| | - Marissa Penna-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes
and Metabolism, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Franziska Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes
and Metabolism, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Christian Seidl
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Institute for Transfusion
Medicine and Immunohaematology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Wicker
- Occupational Health Service, Goethe-University Hospital,
Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes
and Metabolism, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
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15
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Trummer O, Schweighofer N, Haudum CW, Trummer C, Pilz S, Theiler-Schwetz V, Keppel MH, Grübler M, Pieber TR, Renner W, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Lerchbaum E. Genetic Components of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Increase in Three Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020570. [PMID: 32093012 PMCID: PMC7074051 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH)D) serum concentration depends on vitamin D intake, endogenous vitamin D production and genetic factors. The latter have been demonstrated in large genome-wide association studies indicating that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to the vitamin D metabolism are as important for serum 25(OH)D levels as the influence of season. The mechanism on how these SNPs influence serum 25(OH)D levels are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic effects of ten selected SNPs related to vitamin D metabolism on 25-hydroxyvitamin D increase (∆25(OH)D) after vitamin D supplementation in three randomized controlled trials. Genotypes of SNPs related to vitamin D metabolism were determined in 411 participants with 25(OH)D concentrations < 75 nmol/l receiving 20,000 IU cholecalciferol per week for 8 or 12 weeks after study inclusion. For the vitamin D receptor (VDR) rs10783219 polymorphism, the minor A-allele was associated with lower ∆25(OH)D values in the entire study population (p = 0.022), which was not consistent in all three cohorts when analysed separately. VDR rs10783219 might therefore be a genetic modulator of increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Considering the wide-spread use of vitamin D supplementation, future large and well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) should investigate the clinical impact of this polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-72935
| | - Natascha Schweighofer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph W. Haudum
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
| | - Verena Theiler-Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
| | - Martin H. Keppel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Martin Grübler
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
| | - Thomas R. Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Lerchbaum
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (C.W.H.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (V.T.-S.); (M.G.); (T.R.P.); (B.O.-P.); (E.L.)
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Fam MS, Hassanein SI, Abdel Rahman MF, Assal RA, Hanafi RS, Gad MZ. Contribution of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genetic variations to the incidence of acute coronary syndrome and to vitamin D serum level. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1152-1158. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a major public health burden worldwide. It was reported that vitamin D protects the cardiovascular system through several mechanisms mainly by hindering atherosclerosis development. Genetic variations in vitamin D metabolic pathway were found to affect vitamin D levels. This study aimed at investigating the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in vitamin D metabolism, CYP27B and CYP24A1; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels; and susceptibility to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). One hundred and eighty-five patients and 138 healthy controls were recruited. CYP24A1 rs2762939 was genotyped using fast real-time PCR, while CYP24A1 rs4809960 and CYP27B1 rs703842 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 levels were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrum. Vitamin D level was significantly lower in patients than controls (p < 0.05). The GG genotype of rs2762939 was significantly associated with the risk of ACS development, but not correlated to the vitamin D level. rs4809960 and rs703842 genetic variations were not associated with ACS nor with 25(OH)D level. The genetic variant rs2762939 of CYP24A1 is remarkably associated with ACS. Meanwhile, the variants rs4809960 and rs703842 are not associated with ACS incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sherif Fam
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Fifth Settlement, Cairo, Egypt, 11432
| | - Sally I. Hassanein
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Fifth Settlement, Cairo, Egypt, 11432
| | - Mohamed Farouk Abdel Rahman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt, 12566
| | - Reem Amr Assal
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Fifth Settlement, Cairo, Egypt, 11432
| | - Rasha Sayed Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Fifth Settlement, Cairo, Egypt, 11432
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Gad
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Fifth Settlement, Cairo, Egypt, 11432
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17
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Jorde R, Wilsgaard T, Grimnes G. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D system and mortality - The Tromsø study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105481. [PMID: 31541730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with diabetes, cancer, immunological and cardiovascular diseases as well as increased mortality. It has, however, been difficult to show a causal relation in randomized, controlled trials. Mendelian randomization studies provide another option for testing causality, and results indicate relations between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and some diseases, including mortality. We have from the Tromsø Study in 2012 published non-significant relations been vitamin D related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mortality, but have since then genotyped additional subjects, the observation time is longer and new SNPs have been included. For the present study genotyping was performed for SNPs in the NADSYN1, CYP2R1, GC and CYP24A1, VDR, CUBILIN and MEGALIN genes in 11 897 subjects who participated in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study in 1994-1995. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in 6733 of these subjects. Genetic scores based on SNPs related to the serum 25(OH)D level (NADSYN1 and CYP2R1 SNPs (synthesis score) and GC and CYP24A1 SNPs (metabolism score)) and serum 25(OH)D percentile groups were created. Mortality data was updated till end of March 2017 and survival analysed with Cox regression adjusted for sex and age. During the observation period 5491 subjects died. The 25(OH)D synthesis (but not the metabolism) genetic score and the serum 25(OH)D percentile groups were (without Bonferroni correction) significantly related to mortality in favour of high serum 25(OH)D. None of the SNPs in the VDR or MEGALIN genes were related to mortality. However, for the rs12766939 in the CUBILIN gene with the major homozygote as reference, the hazard ratio for mortality for the minor homozygote genotype was 1.17 (1.06-1.29), P < 0.002. This should be viewed with caution, as rs12766939 was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In conclusion, our study confirms a probable causal but weak relation between serum 25(OH)D level and mortality. The relation between rs12766939 and mortality needs confirmation in more homogenous cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jorde
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Crowe FL, Thayakaran R, Gittoes N, Hewison M, Thomas GN, Scragg R, Nirantharakumar K. Non-linear associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Results from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105480. [PMID: 31541727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that vitamin D supplementation may only be beneficial in people with vitamin D deficiency, and the lack of sufficient people with very low vitamin D levels could explain the lack of protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD) reported in recent clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation. The aim of this study was to assess associations of low to moderate circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D with risk of incident CVD and all-cause mortality, as well as the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure separately. METHODS AND RESULTS Longitudinal analysis of electronic health records in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a UK primary care database. The analysis included 180,263 patients age 18 years and older without a history of CVD and with circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D. After a mean follow-up of 2.2 (SD 1.7) years, there were 3747 patients diagnosed with CVD and 3912 patients died. Compared to patients in the highest quintile of 25(OHD) (≥ 67.5 nmol/L), those in the lowest 25(OH)D quintile (<23.1 nmol/L) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.24 (95% CI 1.12-1.38, P < 0.001) for CVD and 1.71 (1.55-1.88, P < 0.001) for mortality. The HR for both outcomes associated with 25(OH)D concentration was non-linear, being significantly increased in patients with 25(OH)D <35 nmol/L, and highest in those with 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L, although increased for mortality at 25(OH)D ≥100 nmol/L. The increased CVD HR in the lowest 25(OH)D quintile was more from IHD (1.35, 95% CI 1.13-1.60) and heart failure (1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.77), than from cerebrovascular disease (1.13, 95% CI 0.97-1.31). CONCLUSION Low 25(OH)D are associated with highest risk of CVD and mortality, and are consistent with accumulating evidence that increased risk of these diseases occurs primarily in people with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L Crowe
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rasiah Thayakaran
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil Gittoes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Neil Thomas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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19
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Naidoo Y, Moodley J, Ramsuran V, Naicker T. Polymorphisms within vitamin D binding protein gene within a Preeclamptic South African population. Hypertens Pregnancy 2019; 38:260-267. [PMID: 31559882 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2019.1667383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The vitamin D binding protein encoded by the GC gene contains two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4588 and rs7041) that have been associated with disease outcome, these include periodontitis coronary heart disease and hypertension. In pregnancy, these SNPs influence vitamin D metabolism that could result in hypertensive disorders such as PE. The etiology of PE, still remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of rs4588 and rs7041 within the GC gene among PE and normotensive pregnant women, residing in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Study design: Our study consisted of n = 600 participants (normotensive (n = 246, N); early onset PE (n = 167, EOPE); and late-onset PE (n = 246, LOPE)). We extracted DNA from whole blood and genotyped for rs4588 and rs7041 SNPs using the TaqMan assay. Results: Regardless of HIV status, we observed the rs4588 (CC genotype) more frequently in PE (EOPE+LOPE) compared to the normotensive participants with an OD ratio of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.35-1.5; p < 0.001). We report a significant difference in the frequency of rs7041 (GT genotype) in the EOPE group compared to the normotensive group with an OD ratio of 11.48 (95% CI, 2.6-103.7; p < 0.001). The rs7041 GT genotype had a higher frequency in the EOPE compared to the LOPE group, with an OD ratio of 15.15 (95% CI, 2.3-639.2; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This is the first study to describe the prevalence of SNPs of the rs4588 and rs7041 within the GC gene in women with PE within the high HIV endemic area of KZN, South Africa. Notably, a significant association of the rs7041 (TT genotype) and rs4588 (CC genotype) occurred at a higher frequency in PE compared to the normotensive cohort. Future studies will examine the functional effect of the GC region in relation to pregnancy and vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshnee Naidoo
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Women's Health and HIV Research Group , Durban , South Africa
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- KZN Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- KwaZulu-Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine , Durban , South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Department of Optics and Imaging, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
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20
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Scragg R, Stewart AW, Waayer D, Lawes CMM, Toop L, Sluyter J, Murphy J, Khaw KT, Camargo CA. Effect of Monthly High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Disease in the Vitamin D Assessment Study : A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 2:608-616. [PMID: 28384800 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Importance Cohort studies have reported increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with low vitamin D status. To date, randomized clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation have not found an effect, possibly because of using too low a dose of vitamin D. Objective To examine whether monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation prevents CVD in the general population. Design, Setting, and Participants The Vitamin D Assessment Study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that recruited participants mostly from family practices in Auckland, New Zealand, from April 5, 2011, through November 6, 2012, with follow-up until July 2015. Participants were community-resident adults aged 50 to 84 years. Of 47 905 adults invited from family practices and 163 from community groups, 5110 participants were randomized to receive vitamin D3 (n = 2558) or placebo (n = 2552). Two participants retracted consent, and all others (n = 5108) were included in the primary analysis. Interventions Oral vitamin D3 in an initial dose of 200 000 IU, followed a month later by monthly doses of 100 000 IU, or placebo for a median of 3.3 years (range, 2.5-4.2 years). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the number of participants with incident CVD and death, including a prespecified subgroup analysis in participants with vitamin D deficiency (baseline deseasonalized 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels <20 ng/mL). Secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmias, arteriosclerosis, stroke, and venous thrombosis. Results Of the 5108 participants included in the analysis, the mean (SD) age was 65.9 (8.3) years, 2969 (58.1%) were male, and 4253 (83.3%) were of European or other ethnicity, with the remainder being Polynesian or South Asian. Mean (SD) baseline deseasonalized 25(OH)D concentration was 26.5 (9.0) ng/mL, with 1270 participants (24.9%) being vitamin D deficient. In a random sample of 438 participants, the mean follow-up 25(OH)D level was greater than 20 ng/mL higher in the vitamin D group than in the placebo group. The primary outcome of CVD occurred in 303 participants (11.8%) in the vitamin D group and 293 participants (11.5%) in the placebo group, yielding an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.02 (95% CI, 0.87-1.20). Similar results were seen for participants with baseline vitamin D deficiency and for secondary outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation does not prevent CVD. This result does not support the use of monthly vitamin D supplementation for this purpose. The effects of daily or weekly dosing require further study. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: ACTRN12611000402943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair W Stewart
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debbie Waayer
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carlene M M Lawes
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Les Toop
- Department of Public Health & General Practice, The University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Sluyter
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Judy Murphy
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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21
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Baca KM, Govil M, Zmuda JM, Simhan HN, Marazita ML, Bodnar LM. Vitamin D metabolic loci and preeclampsia risk in multi-ethnic pregnant women. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29380949 PMCID: PMC5789712 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelic variants in vitamin D metabolism genes may increase the risk of preeclampsia, but few studies have systematically tested this hypothesis. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between maternal allelic variants in three vitamin D metabolism genes and risk of preeclampsia. Samples were from two case‐control studies of pregnant women who delivered in Pittsburgh, PA from 1999 to 2010 and twelve recruiting sites across the United States from 1959 to 1965. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped 50 kilobases up‐ and down‐stream in three genes (VDR,GC, and CYP27B1) in the samples from both studies, for a total of 744 preeclampsia cases and 2411 controls. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated the associations between allelic variation in each locus and preeclampsia risk by maternal race and study. Meta‐analysis was used to estimate the association across race‐study groups for each SNP. Minor allele of a noncoding region of the VDR gene was significantly associated with preeclampsia risk, which was verified in the meta‐analysis [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI)] after adjusting for multiple comparisons [rs12831006:1.5 (1.2, 2.0), P < 0.0001]. The meta‐analysis identified associations for one intron GC variant [rs843010:1.4 (1.1, 1.9) P < 0.05] and two variants of the flanking region of GC [rs842991:1.5 (1.1, 2.0) P < 0.05; rs16846876:0.75 (0.58, 0.98) P < 0.05]. There were no statistically significant associations for CYP27B1 SNPs. Our results provide additional support for a biological role of vitamin D in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharyn M Baca
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Manika Govil
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hyagriv N Simhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa M Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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Aspelund T, Grübler MR, Smith AV, Gudmundsson EF, Keppel M, Cotch MF, Harris TB, Jorde R, Grimnes G, Joakimsen R, Schirmer H, Wilsgaard T, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad I, Løchen ML, März W, Kleber ME, Tomaschitz A, Grove-Laugesen D, Rejnmark L, Swart KMA, Brouwer IA, Lips P, van Schoor NM, Sempos CT, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Škrabáková Z, Dowling KG, Cashman KD, Kiely M, Pilz S, Gudnason V, Eiriksdottir G. Effect of Genetically Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Mortality Risk: Mendelian Randomization Analysis in 3 Large European Cohorts. Nutrients 2019; 11:E74. [PMID: 30609725 PMCID: PMC6356674 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if increased mortality associated with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) reflects a causal relationship by using a Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach with genetic variants in the vitamin D synthesis pathway. Individual participant data from three European cohorts were harmonized with standardization of 25(OH)D according to the Vitamin D Standardization Program. Most relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes CYP2R1 (rs12794714, rs10741657) and DHCR7/NADSYN1 (rs12785878, rs11234027), were combined in two allelic scores. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used with the ratio estimator and the delta method for calculating the hazards ratio (HR) and standard error of genetically determined 25(OH)D effect on all-cause mortality. We included 10,501 participants (50.1% females, 67.1±10.1 years) of whom 4003 died during a median follow-up of 10.4 years. The observed adjusted HR for all-cause mortality per decrease in 25(OH)D by 20 nmol/L was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.15⁻1.25). The HR per 20 nmol/L decrease in genetically determined 25(OH)D was 1.32 (95% CI: 0.80⁻2.24) and 1.35 (95% CI of 0.81 to 2.37) based on the two scores. In conclusion, the results of this MR study in a combined sample from three European cohort studies provide further support for a causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and increased all-cause mortality. However, as the current study, even with ~10,000 participants, was underpowered for the study of the effect of the allele score on mortality, larger studies on genetics and mortality are needed to improve the precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Martin R Grübler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Martin Keppel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-1204, USA.
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Rolf Jorde
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ragnar Joakimsen
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Tromsø Cardiovascular Research Group UNN, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
- SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, P5, 7, D-68161 Mannheim or Gubener Straße 39, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
- NutriCard-Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Institute for Nutritional Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Tomaschitz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Specialist Clinic for Rehabilitation Bad Aussee, 8990 Bad Aussee, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Diana Grove-Laugesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Karin M A Swart
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Christopher T Sempos
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517, USA.
| | - Ramón A Durazo-Arvizu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Zuzana Škrabáková
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Kirsten G Dowling
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland.
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland.
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research [INFANT], University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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23
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (MBD) encompasses changes in mineral ion and vitamin D metabolism that are widespread in the setting of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. MBD components associate with cardiovascular disease in many epidemiologic studies. Through impacts on hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, vascular calcification, endothelial function, and cardiac remodeling and conduction, MBD may be a direct and targetable cause of cardiovascular disease. However, assessment and treatment of MBD is rife with challenges owing to biological tensions between its many components, such as calcium and phosphorus with their regulatory hormones fibroblast growth factor 23 and parathyroid hormone; fibroblast growth factor 23 with its co-receptor klotho; and vitamin D with control of calcium and phosphorus. These complex interactions between MBD components hinder the simple translation to clinical trials, which ultimately are needed to prove the benefits of treating MBD. Deeper investigation using precision medicine tools and principles, including genomics and individualized risk assessment and therapy, may help move the field closer toward clinical applications. This review provides a high-level overview of conventional and precision epidemiology in MBD, potential mechanisms of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, and guiding therapeutic principles for established and emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lunyera
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Julia J Scialla
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC.
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Solbu MD, Kolset SO, Jenssen TG, Wilsgaard T, Løchen ML, Mathiesen EB, Melsom T, Eriksen BO, Reine TM. Gender differences in the association of syndecan-4 with myocardial infarction: The population-based Tromsø Study. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Triangular relationship between CYP2R1 gene polymorphism, serum 25(OH)D 3 levels and T2DM in a Chinese rural population. Gene 2018; 678:172-176. [PMID: 30081191 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low serum vitamin D concentration is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, several single nucleotid polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified which influence vitamin D levels. If a causal relationship exists between vitamin D concentrations and T2DM, one would expect a similar association between the newly identified SNPs and T2DM risk. Therefore, this study investigated the association between four SNPs of cytochrome P450 family 2, subfamily R, peptide 1 (CYP2R1) gene, serum 25(OH)D3 levels and T2DM. METHODS Three hundred and ninety-seven patients with confirmed T2DM, as well as 397 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan probe assays. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis and muitiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the possible risk genotype for vitamin D levels and T2DM, respectively. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analyze the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. RESULTS The serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significant lower in the T2DM group. Significant differences were observed between patients and controls in terms of the genotype distributions of rs1993116 (P = 0.048) and rs10766197 (P = 0.024). Similarly, rs1993116 and rs10766197 polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with T2DM risk. AG + GG genotype carriers of the rs1993116 and rs10766197 polymorphisms could have an increased risk of developing T2DM compared with AA carriers, the OR and 95% CI were 1.64 (1.09-2.46) and 1.76 (1.18-2.65), respectively. However, none of the tested SNPs were independently associated with serum 25(OH)D3 levels (P > 0.059). Gene-gene and gene-environment interaction analyses indicated that rs12794714-rs10766197 and rs12794714-vitamin D deficiency (VDD) models successfully predicted T2DM risk (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Rs1993116 and rs10766197 polymorphisms of CYP2R1 gene may be novel genetic markers for T2DM in China. Given the lack of association between SNPs and serum 25(OH)D3 levels, well-designed future studies should be conducted with larger sample sizes in rural areas of China.
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Lu L, Bennett DA, Millwood IY, Parish S, McCarthy MI, Mahajan A, Lin X, Bragg F, Guo Y, Holmes MV, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, Bian Z, Hill M, Walters RG, Li L, Chen Z, Clarke R. Association of vitamin D with risk of type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomisation study in European and Chinese adults. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002566. [PMID: 29718904 PMCID: PMC5931494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported that higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are associated with lower risks of diabetes, but it is unclear if these associations are causal. The aim of this study was to test the relevance of 25(OH)D for type 2 diabetes using genetically instrumented differences in plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. METHODS AND FINDINGS Data were available on four 25(OH)D single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 82,464), plasma 25(OH)D concentrations (n = 13,565), and cases with diabetes (n = 5,565) in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). The effects on risk of diabetes were assessed by a genetic score using two 25(OH)D synthesis SNPs (DHCR7-rs12785878 and CYP2R1-rs10741657), with and without the addition of SNPs affecting the transport (GC/DBP-rs2282679) and catabolism (CYP24A1-rs6013897) of 25(OH)D. The CKB results were combined in a meta-analysis of 10 studies for the 2 synthesis SNPs (n = 58,312 cases) and 7 studies for all 4 SNPs (n = 32,796 cases). Mean (SD) 25(OH)D concentration was 62 (20) nmol/l in CKB, and the per allele effects of genetic scores on 25(OH)D were 2.87 (SE 0.39) for the synthesis SNPs and 3.54 (SE 0.32) for all SNPs. A 25-nmol/l higher biochemically measured 25(OH)D was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 0%-18%) lower risk of diabetes in CKB. In a meta-analysis of all studies, a 25-nmol/l higher genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a 14% (95% CI: 3%-23%) lower risk of diabetes (p = 0.01) using the 2 synthesis SNPs. An equivalent difference in 25(OH)D using a genetic score with 4 SNPs was not significantly associated with diabetes (odds ratio 8%, 95% CI: -1% to 16%, lower risk, p = 0.07), but had some evidence of pleiotropy. A limitation of the meta-analysis was the access only to study level rather than individual level data. CONCLUSIONS The concordant risks of diabetes for biochemically measured and genetically instrumented differences in 25(OH)D using synthesis SNPs provide evidence for a causal effect of higher 25(OH)D for prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Derrick A Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Parish
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Lin
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Hill
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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C3-epimerization of 25-hydroxyvitamin D increases with increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and shows a high degree of tracking over time. Clin Biochem 2018; 54:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bellou V, Belbasis L, Tzoulaki I, Evangelou E. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194127. [PMID: 29558518 PMCID: PMC5860745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic associated with increased health expenditure, and low quality of life. Many non-genetic risk factors have been suggested, but their overall epidemiological credibility has not been assessed. METHODS We searched PubMed to capture all meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies for risk factors of T2DM. For each association, we estimated the summary effect size, its 95% confidence and prediction interval, and the I2 metric. We examined the presence of small-study effects and excess significance bias. We assessed the epidemiological credibility through a set of predefined criteria. RESULTS We captured 86 eligible papers (142 associations) covering a wide range of biomarkers, medical conditions, and dietary, lifestyle, environmental and psychosocial factors. Adiposity, low hip circumference, serum biomarkers (increased level of alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, uric acid and C-reactive protein, and decreased level of adiponectin and vitamin D), an unhealthy dietary pattern (increased consumption of processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages, decreased intake of whole grains, coffee and heme iron, and low adherence to a healthy dietary pattern), low level of education and conscientiousness, decreased physical activity, high sedentary time and duration of television watching, low alcohol drinking, smoking, air pollution, and some medical conditions (high systolic blood pressure, late menarche age, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, preterm birth) presented robust evidence for increased risk of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS A healthy lifestyle pattern could lead to decreased risk for T2DM. Future randomized clinical trials should focus on identifying efficient strategies to modify harmful daily habits and predisposing dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Bellou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lazaros Belbasis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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O'Brien KM, Sandler DP, Shi M, Harmon QE, Taylor JA, Weinberg CR. Genome-Wide Association Study of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in US Women. Front Genet 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29545823 PMCID: PMC5838824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors likely influence individuals' concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], a biomarker of vitamin D exposure previously linked to reduced risk of several chronic diseases. We conducted a genome-wide association study of serum 25(OH)D (assessed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) and 386,449 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our sample consisted of 1,829 participants randomly selected from the Sister Study, a cohort of women who had a sister with breast cancer but had never had breast cancer themselves. 19,741 SNPs were associated with 25(OH)D (p < 0.05). We re-assessed these hits in an independent sample of 1,534 participants who later developed breast cancer. After pooling, 32 SNPs had genome-wide significant associations (p < 5 × 10-8). These were located in or near GC, the vitamin D binding protein, or CYP2R1, a cytochrome P450 enzyme that hydroxylates vitamin D to form 25(OH)D. The top hit was rs4588, a missense GC polymorphism associated with a 3.5 ng/mL decrease in 25(OH)D per copy of the minor allele (95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.1, -3.0; p = 4.5 × 10-38). The strongest SNP near CYP2R1 was rs12794714, a synonymous variant (p = 3.8 × 10-12; β = 1.8 ng/mL decrease in 25(OH)D per minor allele [CI: -2.2, -1.3]). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations from samples collected from some participants 3-10 years after baseline (811 cases, 780 non-cases) were also strongly associated with both loci. These findings augment our understanding of genetic influences on 25(OH)D and the possible role of vitamin D binding proteins and cytochrome P450 enzymes in determining measured levels. These results may help to identify individuals genetically predisposed to vitamin D insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. O'Brien
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Quaker E. Harmon
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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Jorde R, Grimnes G. Exploring the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum lipids—more than confounding? Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:526-533. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Huss L, Butt ST, Almgren P, Borgquist S, Brandt J, Försti A, Melander O, Manjer J. SNPs related to vitamin D and breast cancer risk: a case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:1. [PMID: 29291743 PMCID: PMC5748964 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that vitamin D might protect from breast cancer, although studies on levels of vitamin D in association with breast cancer have been inconsistent. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be associated with vitamin D. The aim of this study was to investigate such vitamin D-SNP associations in relation to subsequent breast cancer risk. A first step included verification of these SNPs as determinants of vitamin D levels. METHODS The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study included 17,035 women in a prospective cohort. Genotyping was performed and was successful in 4058 nonrelated women from this cohort in which 865 were diagnosed with breast cancer. Levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) were available for 700 of the breast cancer cases and 643 of unaffected control subjects. SNPs previously associated with vitamin D in GWASs were identified. Logistic regression analyses yielding ORs with 95% CIs were performed to investigate selected SNPs in relation to low levels of vitamin D (below median) as well as to the risk of breast cancer. RESULTS The majority of SNPs previously associated with levels of vitamin D showed a statistically significant association with circulating vitamin D levels. Heterozygotes of one SNP (rs12239582) were found to have a statistically significant association with a low risk of breast cancer (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-0.99), and minor homozygotes of the same SNP were found to have a tendency towards a low risk of being in the group with low vitamin D levels (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52-1.00). Results from stratified analyses showed diverse associations with breast cancer risk for a few of the tested SNPs, depending on whether vitamin D level was high or low. CONCLUSIONS SNPs associated with vitamin D may also be associated with the risk of breast cancer. Even if such a risk is small, the allele frequency of the SNP variants is high, and therefore the population attributable risk could be substantial. It is also possible that vitamin D levels may interact with genomic traits with regard to breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Huss
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Salma Tunå Butt
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Trial Unit, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jasmine Brandt
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Baca KM, Govil M, Zmuda JM, Simhan HN, Marazita ML, Bodnar LM. Vitamin D metabolic loci and vitamin D status in Black and White pregnant women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 220:61-68. [PMID: 29175129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several candidate genes and genome wide association studies have reported significant associations between vitamin D metabolism genes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Few studies have examined these relationships in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the relationship between maternal allelic variants in three vitamin D metabolism genes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN In two case-control studies, samples were drawn from women who delivered at Magee Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA from 1999 to 2010 and twelve recruiting sites across the United States from 1959 to 65. For 882 Black and 1796 White pregnant women from these studies, 25(OH)D concentration was measured and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped 50 kilobases up- and down-stream in three genes (VDR, GC, and CYP27B1). Using multivariable linear regression, we estimated the associations between allelic variation of each locus and log-transformed 25(OH)D concentration separately by race and study group. Meta-analysis was used to estimate the association across the four groups for each SNP. RESULTS Minor alleles of several variants in VDR, GC, and CYP27B1 were associated with differences in log-transformed 25(OH)D concentration compared to the corresponding major alleles [beta, 95% confidence intervals (CI)]. The meta-analysis confirmed the associations for differences in log-transformed 25(OH)D by allelic loci for one intron VDR variant [rs2853559 0.08 (0.02, 0.13), p<0.01] and a variant in the GC flanking region [rs13150174: 0.04 (0.02, 0.07), p<0.01], and a GC missense mutation [rs7041 0.05 (0.01, 0.09), p<0.01]. The meta-analysis also revealed possible associations for SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with variants in the VDR 3-prime untranslated region, another GC missense variant (rs4588), and a variant of the 3-prime untranslated region of CYP27B1. CONCLUSION We observed associations between VDR, GC, and CYP27B1 variants and maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Our results provide additional support for a possible role of genetic variation in vitamin D metabolism genes on vitamin D status during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharyn M Baca
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Manika Govil
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 15261, USA
| | - Hyagriv N Simhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lisa M Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Knabl J, Vattai A, Ye Y, Jueckstock J, Hutter S, Kainer F, Mahner S, Jeschke U. Role of Placental VDR Expression and Function in Common Late Pregnancy Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112340. [PMID: 29113124 PMCID: PMC5713309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, besides its classical role in bone metabolism, plays a distinct role in multiple pathways of the feto-maternal unit. Calcitriol is the major active ligand of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in different uteroplacental parts and exerts a variety of functions in physiologic pregnancy. It regulates decidualisation and implantation, influences hormone secretion and placental immune modulations. This review highlights the role of the vitamin D receptor in physiologic and disturbed pregnancy, as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes and preterm birth. We discuss the existing literature regarding common VDR polymorphisms in these pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Knabl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik Hallerwiese, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Jueckstock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hutter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Franz Kainer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik Hallerwiese, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D metabolism genes and serum level of vitamin D in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e441-e446. [PMID: 28665452 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolism of vitamin D is complex, its receptor (VDR) and proteins encoded by the genes CYP27B2 and CYP24A1 can influence vitamin D serum levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the polymorphisms of VDR (ApaI and BsmI), CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 with serum vitamin D levels in both forms, 25(OH)D3 (circulating form) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (active form), in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS One hundred fifty-two CRC patients and 321 controls were included. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Polymorphisms of BsmI and ApaI were identified by PCR-RFLP. Those of CYP24A1 (rs6013897, rs158552 and rs17217119) and CYP27B1 (rs10877012) were determined by gene sequencing. RESULTS The median serum levels of circulating vitamin D were not different between CRC patients and controls; however, the percentage of those with deficient vitamin D was higher in patients with cancer. The active form of the vitamin D was higher in CRC patients. VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 polymorphic genotypes had no influence on serum levels of circulating vitamin D. The correlation between circulating and active vitamin D forms was lower among patients with CRC, regardless of the presence or absence of any genetic polymorphism. The mean serum levels of active vitamin D were higher among patients with polymorphic genotype variants of Apa1 or Bsm1. CONCLUSIONS CRC patients had a higher frequence of insufficient vitamin D and a higher concentration of active vitamin D. These concentration were higher between patients with polymorphic genotypes variants of ApaI and BsmI, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1. Polymorphic genotypes cause a lower correlation between the forms of vitamin D.
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Tarighi S, Najafi M, Hossein-Nezhad A, Ghaedi H, Meshkani R, Moradi N, Fadaei R, Kazerouni F, Shanaki M. Association Between Two Common Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Binding Protein and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Case-control Study. J Med Biochem 2017; 36:349-357. [PMID: 30581332 PMCID: PMC6294082 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most widespread non-communicable diseases. Vitamin Dbinding protein (VDBP) and its genetic poly morphisms have been highlighted as the susceptible components for CAD. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of VDBP single nucleotide poly morphisms (SNPs) - rs7041 and rs4588 - with CAD susceptibility among the Iranian population. Methods A total of 143 men with CAD and 145 healthy age-sex matched controls underwent genotyping for the - rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum level of 25(OH)D was assayed using microplate colorimetric enzyme immunoassay. Results We found a significant association between GG genotype (rs7041) and CAD (p=0.02, OR=0.537 95% CI =0.306-0.944). Regarding rs4588 polymorphism, a significant difference was observed in which the CA genotype (p=0.00032, OR=2.578, 95% CI=1.579-4.208) and allele A (P=0.028, OR=1.491, 95% CI=1.043-2.132) were significantly higher in CAD patients compared to controls. In spite of lower serum levels of 25(OH)D in CAD patients, we found no significant association between these SNPs and Vitamin D serum concentrations. Conclusion We concluded that VDBP polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to CAD in Iranian men. Therefore, further studies are required to clarify the association of VDBP phenotypes and its serum levels with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Tarighi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Najafi
- Department of Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Cardiac Outcome Research and Education (CORE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Hossein-Nezhad
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Kazerouni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- E-mail:
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Association between blood vitamin D and myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis including observational studies. Clin Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Angellotti E, Pittas AG. The Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: To D or Not to D? Endocrinology 2017; 158:2013-2021. [PMID: 28486616 PMCID: PMC5505219 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on biological plausibility from mechanistic studies and highly consistent data from observational studies raise the possibility that optimizing vitamin D status may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the observational nature of cohort studies precludes a definitive assessment of cause and effect because residual confounding or reverse causation cannot be excluded. Confounding is especially problematic with studies of vitamin D because blood 25-hydoxyvitamin D concentration is not only an excellent biomarker of vitamin D status, reflecting intake or biosynthesis, but also an excellent marker of good overall health. Results from underpowered trials and post hoc analyses of trials designed for nondiabetic outcomes do not support a role of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of type 2 diabetes among people with normal glucose tolerance. Whether vitamin D supplementation may have a role in the prevention of diabetes in high-risk populations remains to be seen. Adequately powered, randomized trials in well-defined populations (e.g., prediabetes) are ongoing and expected to establish whether vitamin D supplementation lowers risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Angellotti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurologic, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80128, Italy
| | - Anastassios G. Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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Abstract
In many cells throughout the body, vitamin D is converted into its active form calcitriol and binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which functions as a transcription factor to regulate various biological processes including cellular differentiation and immune response. Vitamin D-metabolising enzymes (including CYP24A1 and CYP27B1) and VDR play major roles in exerting and regulating the effects of vitamin D. Preclinical and epidemiological studies have provided evidence for anti-cancer effects of vitamin D (particularly against colorectal cancer), although clinical trials have yet to prove its benefit. In addition, molecular pathological epidemiology research can provide insights into the interaction of vitamin D with tumour molecular and immunity status. Other future research directions include genome-wide research on VDR transcriptional targets, gene-environment interaction analyses and clinical trials on vitamin D efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. In this study, we review the literature on vitamin D and colorectal cancer from both mechanistic and population studies and discuss the links and controversies within and between the two parts of evidence.
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Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genes and the risk of colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e224-e230. [PMID: 28009432 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and proteins encoded by the genes CYP27B2 and CYP24A1 involved in the production and inactivation of vitamin D can influence vitamin D and the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the risk of CRC and polymorphisms in VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, lifestyle and dietary habits. METHODS The study included 152 patients with CRC and 321 controls. All participants answered a questionnaire on their dietary habits, alcohol consumption and smoking habits. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Polymorphisms of BsmI and ApaI were identified by performing PCR-RFLP. Identification of CYP24A1 (rs6013897, rs158552 and rs17217119) and CYP27B1 (rs10877012) polymorphisms was performed by gene sequencing. RESULTS Smoking, alcohol use, and low or no consumption of fruit, cereals and dairy products were associated with an increased risk of CRC. A heterozygous genotype Aa or an association genotype aa + Aa of the VDR ApaI polymorphism increased the risk of CRC. The VDR BsmI polymorphism was not significantly associated with the risk of CRC. Multivariate analysis showed that heterozygous and association genotype AT + AA of the rs6013897 polymorphism, genotype CT of the rs158552 polymorphism, association genotype CT + CC and genotypes AA and GG of the rs17217119 polymorphism of CYP24A1, and heterozygous genotype GT and association genotype GT + TT of the rs10877012 polymorphism in CYP27B1 were associated with a higher risk of CRC. CONCLUSIONS Dietary habits, lifestyle, and polymorphisms in VDR (ApaI), CYP24A1 (rs6013897, rs158552, rs17217119) and CYP27B1 (rs10877012) were associated with a higher risk of CRC.
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Onozuka D, Hagihara A. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attributable to sunshine: a nationwide, retrospective, observational study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2017; 3:107-113. [PMID: 28927170 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims To investigate the population attributable risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from non-optimal sunshine duration and the relative contribution of daily sunshine hours. Methods and Results National registry data of all cases of OHCA occurred between 2005 and 2014 in the 47 Japanese prefectures were obtained. We examined the relationship between daily duration of sunshine and OHCA risk for each prefecture in Japan using a Poisson regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model, adjusting for confounding factors. The estimated associations for each prefecture were pooled at the nationwide level using a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 658 742 cases of OHCA of presumed cardiac origin met our inclusion criteria. The minimum morbidity sunshine duration varied from the 21st percentile in Okayama to the 99th percentile in Hokkaido, Gifu, and Hyogo. Overall, 5.78% [95% empirical confidence interval (eCI): 3.57-7.16] of the OHCA cases were attributable to daily sunshine duration. The attributable fraction for short sunshine duration (below the minimum morbidity sunshine duration) was 4.18% (95% eCI: 2.64-5.38), whereas that for long sunshine duration (above the minimum morbidity sunshine duration) was 1.59% (95% eCI: 0.81-2.21). Conclusions Daily sunshine duration was responsible for OHCA burden, and a greater number of OHCA cases occurred in patients who were only exposed to sunshine for short periods of time each day. Our findings suggest that public health efforts to reduce OHCA burden should take sunshine level into account.
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Martinaityte I, Jorde R, Emaus N, Eggen AE, Joakimsen RM, Kamycheva E. Bone mineral density is associated with vitamin D related rs6013897 and estrogen receptor polymorphism rs4870044: The Tromsø study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173045. [PMID: 28253304 PMCID: PMC5333870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone mineral density (BMD) is determined by bone remodeling processes regulated by endocrine, autocrine and genetic mechanisms. Thus, some studies have reported that BMD is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with vitamin D receptor (VDR), serum 25(OH)D levels and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), but without consensus. Therefore, we aimed to map and compare the risk genotypes for forearm and total hip low BMD. Methods and findings Data were derived from a population-based study in northern Norway; the Tromsø Study. Distal forearm BMD was measured with a single x-ray absorptiometric device, while total hip BMD was measured with a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric device. There were 7,317 and 4,082 successful analyses of distal forearm and total hip BMD, respectively, and at least one SNP of interest. We evaluated plausible BMD modulating factors and associations of BMD and SNPs related to vitamin D metabolism (FokI, Cdx2, BsmI, rs2298850, rs10741657, rs3794060, rs6013897), ApaI-BsmI-TaqI haplotypes and ESR1 SNP rs4870044. Results Age, BMI, physical activity and smoking were significantly associated with BMD. In a linear regression model with adjustment for age and gender and with the major homozygote as reference, rs6013897 had a standardized beta coefficient (β) of –0.031 (P = 0.024) for total hip BMD. β for ESR1 SNP rs4870044 was –0.016 (P = 0.036) for forearm BMD and –0.034 (P = 0.015) for total hip BMD. The other SNPs nor serum 25(OH)D were significantly associated with BMD. Conclusions Both forearm and total hip BMD were associated with ESR1 SNP rs4870044. Of the vitamin D–related genes, only CYP24A1 gene rs6013897 was associated with total hip BMD, but the association was weak and needs confirmation in other studies. Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with BMD in our population, probably due to the generally sufficient vitamin D levels in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Martinaityte
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Rolf Jorde
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Elise Eggen
- Epidemiology of chronic diseases research group, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ragnar Martin Joakimsen
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elena Kamycheva
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Ordóñez-Mena JM, Maalmi H, Schöttker B, Saum KU, Holleczek B, Wang TJ, Burwinkel B, Brenner H. Genetic Variants in the Vitamin D Pathway, 25(OH)D Levels, and Mortality in a Large Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:470-477. [PMID: 27732326 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been consistently associated with excess mortality in epidemiological studies, but this association could be due to confounding by health impairments associated with low 25(OH)D levels. An association of vitamin D-related genetic variants with all-cause mortality could strengthen the claims of causality, because this association is assumed to be unaffected by confounding. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations of low 25(OH)D with mortality in the presence or absence of genetic variants in the vitamin D pathway. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The study consisted of a population-based cohort of 8417 German older adults in whom genetic variants were genotyped. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality. RESULTS Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs3755967 (GC) and rs11603330 (DHCR7), were associated with higher risk of low vitamin D status [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) per minor allele, 1.27 (1.18 to 1.36) and 1.16 (1.08 to 1.25), respectively]. Low 25(OH)D (less than the season-specific 33rd percentile) was associated with increased mortality. However, none of the SNPs was associated with increased mortality. Furthermore, the increase in mortality for those with low 25(OH)D was generally smaller in the presence of the risk alleles for low 25(OH)D ["genetically low 25(OH)D"] than in the absence of those risk alleles ["otherwise low 25(OH)D"]. CONCLUSIONS Although we may have been limited by a low statistical power to detect small associations, our study showed that the strong relationship between low 25(OH)D and increased mortality may be at least partly due to other factors related to low 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Ordóñez-Mena
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Haifa Maalmi
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
| | | | - Thomas J Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, and
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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Skaaby T, Thuesen BH, Linneberg A. Vitamin D, Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 996:221-230. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Vaes AMM, van der Zwaluw NL, van Wijngaarden JP, Swart KMA, Ham AC, van Dijk SC, Enneman AW, Sohl E, van Schoor NM, van der Velde N, Uitterlinden AG, Lips P, Feskens EJM, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, de Groot LCPGM. Relative importance of summer sun exposure, vitamin D intake, and genes to vitamin D status in Dutch older adults: The B-PROOF study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:168-176. [PMID: 26275945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among seniors is high. Whereas sun exposure, vitamin D intake, genes, demographics, and lifestyle have been identified as being important determinants of vitamin D status, the impact of these factors is expected to differ across populations. To improve current prevention and treatment strategies, this study aimed to explore the main determinants of vitamin D status and its relative importance in a population of community-dwelling Dutch older adults. METHODS/SUBJECTS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 2857 adults aged ≥65 years. Sun exposure was assessed with a structured questionnaire (n=1012), vitamin D intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (n=596), and data on genetic variation that may affect 25(OH)D status was obtained for 4 genes, DHCR7 (rs12785878), CYP2R1 (rs10741657), GC (rs2282679), and CYP24A1 (rs6013897) (n=2530). RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D concentrations <50nmol/L were observed in 45% of the population; only 6% of these participants used vitamin D supplements. Sun exposure (being outside daily during summer: 66±25nmol/L vs not being outside daily during summer: 58±27nmol/L, P=0.02) and vitamin D intake (per unit μg/day during winter/spring: 3.1±0.75nmol/L, P<0.0001) were associated with higher 25(OH)D concentrations. Major allele carriers of SNPs related to DHCR7, CYP24A1, and GC, as well as CYP2R1 minor allele carriers had the highest 25(OH)D concentrations. Together, sun (R2=0.29), vitamin D intake (R2=0.24), and genes (R2=0.28) explained 35% (R2=0.35) of the variation in 25(OH)D concentrations during summer/autumn period, when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and self-rated health status (n=185). CONCLUSION The investigated determinants explained 35% of 25(OH)D status. Of the three main determinants under study, sun exposure still appeared to be an important determinant of serum 25(OH)D in older individuals, closely followed by genes, and vitamin D intake. Given the low frequency of vitamin D supplement use in this population, promoting supplement use may be an inexpensive, easy, and effective strategy to fight vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anouk M M Vaes
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita L van der Zwaluw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke P van Wijngaarden
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M A Swart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies C Ham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anke W Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien Sohl
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, P.O.Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Njølstad I, Mathiesen EB, Schirmer H, Thelle DS. The Tromsø study 1974–2016: 40 years of cardiovascular research. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2016; 50:276-281. [DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2016.1239837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B. Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dag Steinar Thelle
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Grübler MR, Gaksch M, Kienreich K, Verheyen N, Schmid J, Ó Hartaigh B, Richtig G, Scharnagl H, Meinitzer A, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, März W, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycated haemoglobin and fasting glucose levels in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:1006-12. [PMID: 27334070 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control. METHODS The Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial was a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted between 2011 and 2014 at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. We enrolled 200 people with arterial hypertension and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations <30 ng/mL. Study participants were randomized to receive either 2800 IU of vitamin D or placebo per day for 8 weeks. The present study was a post hoc analysis that incorporated an analysis of covariance (ancova) approach, while adjusting for baseline differences. RESULTS A total of 185 participants [mean ± standard deviation age, 60.1 ± 11.3 years; 47% women; mean 25(OH)D 21.2 ± 5.6 ng/mL, mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 44.8 ± 11.8 mmol/mol and mean body mass index 30.4 ± 5.4 kg/m(2) ] completed the trial. ancova showed a mean treatment effect [95% confidence interval (CI)] on HbA1c of -3.52 (-6.7 to -0.34) mmol/mol (p = .045). There was no difference in fasting glucose -4.7 mg/dL (95% CI -16.3 to 6.9; p = .426). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation in obese hypertensive patients with low 25(OH)D reduces HbA1c levels. This finding warrants further investigation into potential vitamin D effects on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Grübler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M Gaksch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - K Kienreich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Schmid
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B Ó Hartaigh
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - G Richtig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Fahrleitner-Pammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - W März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinolgy, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Tomaschitz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Specialist Clinic for Rehabilitation Bad Aussee, Bad Aussee, Austria
| | - S Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Manousaki D, Mokry LE, Ross S, Goltzman D, Richards JB. Mendelian Randomization Studies Do Not Support a Role for Vitamin D in Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:349-56. [PMID: 27418593 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies support a possible association between decreased vitamin D levels and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD); however, it remains unclear whether this relationship is causal. We aimed to evaluate whether genetically lowered vitamin D levels influence the risk of CAD using a Mendelian randomization approach. METHODS AND RESULTS In this 2-stage Mendelian randomization study, we first identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in the SUNLIGHT consortium (n=33 996), then tested them for possible violation of Mendelian randomization assumptions. A count of risk alleles was tested for association with 25OHD levels in a separate cohort (n=2347). Alleles were weighted by their relative effect on 25OHD and tested for their combined effect on CAD in the Coronary Artery Disease Genome-Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis (CARDIoGRAM) study (22 233 cases/64 762 controls). Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified to be associated with 25OHD levels, all in or near genes implicated in 25OHD synthesis, transport or metabolism. A count of these risk alleles was strongly associated with 25OHD (n=2347, F-test statistic=49.7, P=2×10(-12)). None of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 25OHD levels were associated with CAD (all P values >0.6). The Mendelian randomization odds ratio (OR) for CAD was 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.17; P=0.93; I(2)=0) per SD decrease in log-transformed 25OHD levels. These results persisted after sensitivity analyses for population stratification and pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Genetically lowered 25OHD levels were not associated with increased risk of CAD in a large, well-powered study, suggesting that previous associations between circulating 25OHD levels and CAD are possibly confounded or due to reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Manousaki
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (D.M., L.E.M., S.R., J.B.R.); Departments of Medicine (D.G., J.B.R.) and Human Genetics (J.B.R.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.B.R.)
| | - Lauren E Mokry
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (D.M., L.E.M., S.R., J.B.R.); Departments of Medicine (D.G., J.B.R.) and Human Genetics (J.B.R.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.B.R.)
| | - Stephanie Ross
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (D.M., L.E.M., S.R., J.B.R.); Departments of Medicine (D.G., J.B.R.) and Human Genetics (J.B.R.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.B.R.)
| | - David Goltzman
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (D.M., L.E.M., S.R., J.B.R.); Departments of Medicine (D.G., J.B.R.) and Human Genetics (J.B.R.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.B.R.)
| | - J Brent Richards
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (D.M., L.E.M., S.R., J.B.R.); Departments of Medicine (D.G., J.B.R.) and Human Genetics (J.B.R.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.B.R.).
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Wang L, Wang H, Wen H, Tao H, Zhao X. Relationship between HOMA-IR and serum vitamin D in Chinese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:777-81. [PMID: 27089407 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS Anthropometric indices, lipid metabolic profile, and serum levels of glucose, insulin and 25-OHD were determined among 278 healthy prepubertal and pubertal, normal and overweight/obese children and adolescents aged 8-18 years between March 2014 and February 2015. RESULTS HOMA-IR was significantly different across vitamin D statuses (p<0.001), even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) (p=0.035) and waist-to-height ratio (p=0.044); the difference was not significant between the vitamin D deficient and insufficient groups (p=0.120). HOMA-IR negatively correlated with serum 25-OHD level for all subjects (R2=0.148, p<0.001). Furthermore, they negatively correlated in the normal (R2=0.160, p<0.001) and overweight/obese (R2=0.086, p<0.001) groups, respectively. The regression lines of the two groups were parallel (p=0.669) but had a significantly different intercept (p<0.001). An association between HOMA-IR and BMI and serum 25-OHD level (R2=0.654, p<0.001) was demonstrated based on the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis of age, sex, pubertal maturation, BMI, waist-to-height ratio, triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), 25-OHD and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings supported that lower vitamin D status is strongly associated with worse HOMA-IR.
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Robbins J, Petrone AB, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Dietary vitamin D and risk of heart failure in the Physicians' Health Study. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:650-3. [PMID: 26077474 PMCID: PMC4618265 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies have demonstrated the role of vitamin D in key pathways related to cardiovascular health. While several studies have investigated the impact of vitamin D therapy on outcomes in subjects with prevalent heart failure, limited research exists on the relationship of dietary vitamin D consumption with the risk of heart failure. Thus, we sought to investigate whether dietary vitamin D consumption was associated with a lower risk of incident heart failure in a large prospective cohort of male physicians. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively studied 19,635 males from the Physicians' Health Study. Dietary vitamin D information was obtained from a baseline food frequency questionnaire, and heart failure information was obtained by questionnaire and validated in a subsample. Mean age was 66.4 years. Median dietary vitamin D consumption was 200.4 IU and only 2.3% of the subjects used vitamin D supplements. After an average follow-up of 9.3 years, there were 858 new cases of heart failure identified. Higher intake of dietary vitamin D was not associated with incident heart failure in a multivariable adjusted model: hazard ratios (95% CI) of incident heart failure were 1.0 (reference), 1.29 (1.04-1.60), 1.17 (0.94-1.46), 1.22 (0.98-1.53), and 1.16 (0.92-1.46) from lowest to highest age- and energy-adjusted vitamin D quintile, respectively, after adjusting for age, BMI, race, exercise, alcohol use, smoking, calories, and prevalent atrial fibrillation (p for linear trend = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with a lack of an association between dietary vitamin D and incident heart failure in this population of professionally-employed middle-aged males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Robbins
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Petrone
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
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Interaction effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and CYP1A1, CYP1B1 polymorphisms on blood pressure in an elderly population. J Hypertens 2016; 33:69-76. [PMID: 25304467 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension and vitamin D deficiency are prevalent worldwide, especially in the elderly. Considering the possibility of gene-environment contributions to disease development, we evaluated the influence of certain cytochrome P450 polymorphisms and vitamin D levels on blood pressure (BP). METHODS We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels [25(OH)D] and BP in 535 individuals over 60 years old and identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in lymphocyte DNA. Repeated measure analyses were used to determine the statistical association. RESULTS The relationship between 25(OH)D and SBP or DBP was inversely significant, and influence of several CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 SNPs on BP was found across different genotypes. Estimated effect of 25(OH)D levels on BP in the group with higher risky genotype scores of selected SNPs (rs4646421, rs2551188, and rs1056836) was greater (β = -2.841, P = 0.004 for SBP; β = -2.035, P = 0.001 for DBP) than the group with lower genotype score (β = -0.878, P = 0.347 for SBP; β = 0.037, P = 0.947 for DBP), and synergistic interaction between vitamin D levels and genotype variations was observed (P-interaction = 0.081 for SBP and 0.008 for DBP). When stratified by the hypertension medication status, interaction effect was found only in individuals taking medication (P-interaction = 0.004 for SBP and 0.001 for DBP). CONCLUSION Genetic variations in CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 and the serum levels of 25(OH)D showed synergistic effect on BP, especially in individuals currently in treatment for hypertension.
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