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Chu KO, Yip YWY, Chan KP, Wang CC, Ng DSC, Pang CP. Amelioration of Functional, Metabolic, and Morphological Deterioration in the Retina following Retinal Detachment by Green Tea Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:235. [PMID: 38397833 PMCID: PMC10886023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal detachment (RD) can result in the loss of photoreceptors that cause vision impairment and potential blindness. This study explores the protective effects of the oral administration of green tea extract (GTE) in a rat model of RD. Various doses of GTE or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most active ingredient in green tea catechins, were administered to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with experimentally induced retinal detachment. The rats received sub-retinal injections of hyaluronic acid (0.1%) to induce RD and were given different doses of GTE and EGCG twice daily for three days. Notably, a low dose of GTE (142.9 mg/kg) caused significantly higher signal amplitudes in electroretinograms (ERGs) compared to higher GTE doses and any doses of EGCG. After administration of a low dose of GTE, the outer nuclear layer thickness, following normalization, of the detached retina reduced to 82.4 ± 8.2% (Mean ± SEM, p < 0.05) of the thickness by RD treatment. This thickness was similar to non-RD conditions, at 83.5 ± 4.7% (Mean ± SEM) of the thickness following RD treatment. In addition, the number of TUNEL-positive cells decreased from 76.7 ± 7.4 to 4.7 ± 1.02 (Mean ± SEM, p < 0.0001). This reduction was associated with the inhibition of apoptosis through decreased sphingomyelin levels and mitigation of oxidative stress shown by a lowered protein carbonyl level, which may involve suppression of HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, GTE showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing inflammatory cytokines and increasing resolving cytokines. In conclusion, low-dose GTE, but not EGCG, significantly alleviated RD-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy insufficiency within a short period and without affecting energy metabolism. These findings suggest the potential of low-dose GTE as a protective agent for the retina in RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.O.C.); (Y.W.Y.Y.); (K.P.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yolanda Wong Ying Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.O.C.); (Y.W.Y.Y.); (K.P.C.)
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.O.C.); (Y.W.Y.Y.); (K.P.C.)
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Danny Siu Chun Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.O.C.); (Y.W.Y.Y.); (K.P.C.)
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.O.C.); (Y.W.Y.Y.); (K.P.C.)
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Dey S, Yelamanchi R, Mullapudi T, Holla VV, Kamble N, Mahale RR, Sathyaprabha TN, Pal PK, Debnath M, Yadav R. Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Neurofilament Light Chain in Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2024; 27:40-45. [PMID: 38495245 PMCID: PMC10941886 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_507_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the most common primary tauopathy. The definite diagnosis of PSP is established by histopathologic changes in the brain. There are no reliable blood-based biomarkers to aid the diagnosis of this fatal disease at an early stage. Also, the precise etiopathology of PSP and its variants is inadequately understood. Objective Blood-based molecules such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are shown as important markers of neurodegenerative and aging processes, respectively. These two biomarkers have not been analyzed simultaneously in PSP patients. Methods To address this knowledge gap, 40 PSP patients and equal number of healthy individuals were recruited and serum levels of NfL and IGF-1 were assayed in all the study participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Motor and nonmotor symptoms were evaluated in PSP patients using various scales/questionnaires. Cardiac autonomic function tests were performed in a subset of patients (n = 27). Results A significantly high serum level of NfL (P < 0.01) and a reduced level of IGF-1 (P = 0.02) were observed in PSP patients compared to healthy controls. Besides, a negative correlation (r = -0.54, P < 0.01) between NfL and IGF-1 levels was observed in PSP patients. Conclusion The finding of this study reinforces the important role of blood NfL level as a potential biomarker of PSP. Further, the current study provides novel insights into the reciprocal correlation between NfL and IGF-1 in PSP patients. Combined analysis of blood levels of these two functionally relevant markers might be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dey
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramachadra Yelamanchi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thrinath Mullapudi
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram V. Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohan R. Mahale
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Talakad N. Sathyaprabha
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod K. Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Torices S, Daire L, Simon S, Naranjo O, Mendoza L, Teglas T, Fattakhov N, Adesse D, Toborek M. Occludin: a gatekeeper of brain Infection by HIV-1. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 37840143 PMCID: PMC10577960 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the pathological hallmarks of brain infection by HIV-1. BBB damage during HIV-1 infection has been associated with modified expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including occludin. Recent evidence indicated occludin as a redox-sensitive, multifunctional protein that can act as both an NADH oxidase and influence cellular metabolism through AMPK kinase. One of the newly identified functions of occludin is its involvement in regulating HIV-1 infection. Studies suggest that occludin expression levels and the rate of HIV-1 infection share a reverse, bidirectional relationship; however, the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. In this review, we describe the pathways involved in the regulation of HIV-1 infection by occludin. We propose that occludin may serve as a potential therapeutic target to control HIV-1 infection and to improve the lives of people living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Leah Daire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Sierra Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Luisa Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA.
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Muthyalaiah YS, Arockiasamy S, P A A. Exploring the molecular interactions and binding affinity of resveratrol and calcitriol with RAGE and its intracellular proteins and kinases involved in colorectal cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37732363 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2258993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) burden is progressively increasing in young population due to dietary and lifestyle pattern. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), one of the dietary compounds, form complex aggregates with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids distorting their structure and function. AGE's pro-tumorigenic role is mediated through the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) triggering an array of signaling pathways. The current study aimed to target AGE-RAGE axis signaling proteins and kinases at multiple levels with calcitriol (CAL) and trans-resveratrol (RES) through in silico analysis using molecular docking (MD), molecular dynamic simulation(MDS), MM-PBSA analysis, and in vitro study. In silico analysis of CAL and RES showed significant binding affinity toward RAGE and its signaling proteins such as NF-kB, PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, and PKC compared to its reference inhibitors through better hydrogen, hydrophobic, pi-pi stacking interactions. MD and MDS studies have revealed stable and compact protein-ligand complexes. Binding free energies of protein-ligand complex were estimated using MM/PBSA analysis thatprovided an assessment of overall interacting free energies of complexes and revealed the presence of low binding energy within the active site. Furthermore, in the in vitro study, methylglyoxal (MG), an AGE-precursor showed a proliferative effect on HCT116, however, CAL and RES showed an inhibitory effect against MG induced effect with an IC50 value of 51 nM and 110 µM respectively. Thus, the study suggests the possible target binding sites of AGE-RAGE signaling proteins and kinases with CAL and RES, thereby exploiting it for developing CAL with RES as adjuvant therapy along with chemo drug for CRC.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Sangeeta Muthyalaiah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Abhinand P A
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Attiq A, Afzal S. Trinity of inflammation, innate immune cells and cross-talk of signalling pathways in tumour microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255727. [PMID: 37680708 PMCID: PMC10482416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation is a pathological consequence of persistent inflammatory stimulus and perturbation in regulatory mechanisms. It increases the risk of tumour development and orchestrates all stages of tumorigenesis in selected organs. In certain cancers, inflammatory processes create the appropriate conditions for neoplastic transformation. While in other types, oncogenic changes pave the way for an inflammatory microenvironment that leads to tumour development. Of interest, hallmarks of tumour-promoting and cancer-associated inflammation are striking similar, sharing a complex network of stromal (fibroblasts and vascular cells) and inflammatory immune cells that collectively form the tumour microenvironment (TME). The cross-talks of signalling pathways initially developed to support homeostasis, change their role, and promote atypical proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and subversion of adaptive immunity in TME. These transcriptional and regulatory pathways invariably contribute to cancer-promoting inflammation in chronic inflammatory disorders and foster "smouldering" inflammation in the microenvironment of various tumour types. Besides identifying common target sites of numerous cancer types, signalling programs and their cross-talks governing immune cells' plasticity and functional diversity can be used to develop new fate-mapping and lineage-tracing mechanisms. Here, we review the vital molecular mechanisms and pathways that establish the connection between inflammation and tumour development, progression, and metastasis. We also discussed the cross-talks between signalling pathways and devised strategies focusing on these interaction mechanisms to harness synthetic lethal drug combinations for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Munasinghe PE, Saw EL, Reily-Bell M, Tonkin D, Kakinuma Y, Fronius M, Katare R. Non-neuronal cholinergic system delays cardiac remodelling in type 1 diabetes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17434. [PMID: 37426799 PMCID: PMC10329120 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. The underlying mechanisms for T1DM-induced heart disease still remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of cardiac non-neuronal cholinergic system (cNNCS) activation on T1DM-induced cardiac remodelling. Methods T1DM was induced in C57Bl6 mice using low-dose streptozotocin. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of cNNCS components at different time points (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after T1DM induction). To assess the potential benefits of cNNCS activation, T1DM was induced in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme required for acetylcholine (Ac) synthesis. We evaluated the effects of ChAT overexpression on cNNCS components, vascular and cardiac remodelling, and cardiac function. Key findings Western blot analysis revealed dysregulation of cNNCS components in hearts of T1DM mice. Intracardiac ACh levels were also reduced in T1DM. Activation of ChAT significantly increased intracardiac ACh levels and prevented diabetes-induced dysregulation of cNNCS components. This was associated with preserved microvessel density, reduced apoptosis and fibrosis, and improved cardiac function. Significance Our study suggests that cNNCS dysregulation may contribute to T1DM-induced cardiac remodelling, and that increasing ACh levels may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or delay T1DM-induced heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujika Emani Munasinghe
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand
| | - Eng Leng Saw
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Reily-Bell
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand
| | - Devin Tonkin
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand
| | - Yoshihiko Kakinuma
- Department of Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin Fronius
- Department of Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand
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7
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Marwarha G, Slagsvold KH, Høydal MA. NF-κB Transcriptional Activity Indispensably Mediates Hypoxia–Reoxygenation Stress-Induced microRNA-210 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076618. [PMID: 37047592 PMCID: PMC10095479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion (I-R) injury is a cardinal pathophysiological hallmark of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Despite significant advances in the understanding of what causes I-R injury and hypoxia–reoxygenation (H-R) stress, viable molecular strategies that could be targeted for the treatment of the deleterious biochemical pathways activated during I-R remain elusive. The master hypoxamiR, microRNA-210 (miR-210), is a major determinant of protective cellular adaptation to hypoxia stress but exacerbates apoptotic cell death during cellular reoxygenation. While the hypoxia-induced transcriptional up-regulation of miR-210 is well delineated, the cellular mechanisms and molecular entities that regulate the transcriptional induction of miR-210 during the cellular reoxygenation phase have not been elucidated yet. Herein, in immortalized AC-16 cardiomyocytes, we delineated the indispensable role of the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor, NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) in H-R-induced miR-210 expression during cellular reoxygenation. Using dominant negative and dominant active expression vectors encoding kinases to competitively inhibit NF-κB activation, we elucidated NF-κB activation as a significant mediator of H-R-induced miR-210 expression. Ensuing molecular assays revealed a direct NF-κB-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of miR-210 expression in response to the H-R challenge that is characterized by the NF-κB-mediated reorchestration of the entire repertoire of histone modification changes that are a signatory of a permissive actively transcribed miR-210 promoter. Our study confers a novel insight identifying NF-κB as a potential novel molecular target to combat H-R-elicited miR-210 expression that fosters augmented cardiomyocyte cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katrine Hordnes Slagsvold
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Andre Høydal
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
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Bai Y, Zhou J, Zhu H, Tao Y, Wang L, Yang L, Wu H, Huang F, Shi H, Wu X. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in models of Parkinson's disease via JNK/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:848-859. [PMID: 36484427 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid with numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammation, yet its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation remains unknown. In this study, the effects of ISL on inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD were evaluated in the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Our results showed that ISL prevented behavioral deficits and excessive microglial activation in MPTP-treated mice. Moreover, ISL was found to prevent the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and mitigate the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), and inhibitor of NFκB protein ɑ (IκBɑ) in the substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP-treated mice and LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Meanwhile, in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, ISL inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, the agonist of JNK partly abolished the inhibitory effects of ISL in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. Our results demonstrated that ISL inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD models probably through deactivating JNK/AKT/NFκB signaling pathways. The novel findings suggest the therapeutic potential of ISL for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lupeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Repurposing Drugs in Small Animal Oncology. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010139. [PMID: 36611747 PMCID: PMC9817697 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing drugs in oncology consists of using off-label drugs that are licensed for various non-oncological medical conditions to treat cancer. Repurposing drugs has the advantage of using drugs that are already commercialized, with known mechanisms of action, proven safety profiles, and known toxicology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and posology. These drugs are usually cheaper than new anti-cancer drugs and thus more affordable, even in low-income countries. The interest in repurposed anti-cancer drugs has led to numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, with some promising results. Some randomized clinical trials have also been performed in humans, with certain drugs showing some degree of clinical efficacy, but the true clinical benefit for most of these drugs remains unknown. Repurposing drugs in veterinary oncology is a very new concept and only a few studies have been published so far. In this review, we summarize both the benefits and challenges of using repurposed anti-cancer drugs; we report and discuss the most relevant studies that have been previously published in small animal oncology, and we suggest potential drugs that could be clinically investigated for anti-cancer treatment in dogs and cats.
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Osteopontin Splicing Isoforms Contribute to Endometriotic Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315328. [PMID: 36499654 PMCID: PMC9738877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) isoforms, including OPNb and OPNc, promote malignancy and may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, a benign disorder with multiple characteristics resembling malignant tumors. In our experiments, OPNb and OPNc were significantly overexpressed in both endometriosis and adenomyosis compared to the normal endometrium. Upregulation of CD44v and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was also present in endometriotic lesions. Overexpression of OPNb and OPNc splicing variants in endometriotic cells evoked morphological changes, actin remodeling, cell proliferation, cell migration, and EMT through binding OPN ligand receptors CD44 and αvβ3, subsequently activating the PI3K and NF-ĸB pathways. We elucidated the causal role of OPN splice variants in regulating endometriotic cell growth, which may promote the development of OPN-targeted therapies for patients suffering from endometriotic disorders.
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11
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Wen KW, Wang L, Menke JR, Damania B. Cancers associated with human gammaherpesviruses. FEBS J 2022; 289:7631-7669. [PMID: 34536980 PMCID: PMC9019786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; human herpesvirus 4; HHV-4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8; HHV-8) are human gammaherpesviruses that have oncogenic properties. EBV is a lymphocryptovirus, whereas HHV-8/KSHV is a rhadinovirus. As lymphotropic viruses, EBV and KSHV are associated with several lymphoproliferative diseases or plasmacytic/plasmablastic neoplasms. Interestingly, these viruses can also infect epithelial cells causing carcinomas and, in the case of KSHV, endothelial cells, causing sarcoma. EBV is associated with Burkitt lymphoma, classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, leiomyosarcoma, and subsets of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and gastric carcinoma. KSHV is implicated in Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease, and KSHV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pathogenesis by these two herpesviruses is intrinsically linked to viral proteins expressed during the lytic and latent lifecycles. This comprehensive review intends to provide an overview of the EBV and KSHV viral cycles, viral proteins that contribute to oncogenesis, and the current understanding of the pathogenesis and clinicopathology of their related neoplastic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Wah Wen
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Joshua R. Menke
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Blossom Damania
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology & Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Li M, Wang F, Zhang C, Li MA, Wang T, Li YC, Fu FH. Integrated systematic pharmacology analysis and experimental validation to reveal the mechanism of action of Semen aesculi on inflammatory bowel diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115627. [PMID: 35985613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Semen aesculi (SA), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease for thousands of years. The escin was the main components of SA. A growing number of research showed that escin has a wide range of pharmacological activities in intestinal barrier dysfunction. AIM OF THE STUDY Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are an idiopathic disease of the intestinal tract with the hallmark features of mucosal inflammation and loss of barrier function. The theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) suggests that SA plays a potential role in protecting the gastrointestinal diseases. The present study aimed to explore the effects of SA on the intestinal barrier under existing inflammatory conditions and elucidate underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bioactive components of SA and their predicted biological targets were combined to develop a compound target pathway network. It is used to predict the bioactive components, molecular targets, and molecular pathways of SA in improving IBD. The ingredients of SA were extracted by decoction either in water and ethanol and separated into four fractions (AE, EE, PEE and PCE). The effects of extractions were evaluated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages cell model, LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury model and imodium-induced constipation model. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to identify the bioactive components. RESULTS The compound-target pathway network was identified with 10 bioactive compounds, 166 IBD-related targets, and 52 IBD-related pathways. In LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, PEE and PCE significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and TNF-α level. In mice, PEE and PCE administration improved intestinal barrier damage, increased intestinal motility, reduced levels of TNF-α and diamine oxidase (DAO). Furthermore, PEE and PCE administration not only decreased expression of p-Akt, p-IκBα, nuclear p-p65, and TNF-α level, but also increased expression of the zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1) in LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury model. The escin content of AE, EE, PEE and PCE gradually increased with an increase of the bioactivity. CONCLUSIONS Escin was the main bioactive components of SA. The effects of SA on IBD were mediated by repairing the intestinal barrier and promoting intestinal motility. The mechanism of action of SA is related to inhibiting the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal tissue, at least, in part. Our results provide a scientific basis for further exploring the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of SA in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250101, PR China
| | - Ce Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Min-An Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Feng-Hua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China.
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Shen Y, Fan X, Qu Y, Tang M, Huang Y, Peng Y, Fu Q. Magnoflorine attenuates inflammatory responses in RA by regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathways in vivo and in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154339. [PMID: 35870375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a prolonged autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by synovial hyperplasia and the erosion of bone and cartilage. Magnoflorine (MAG) is the main component purified from Clematis manshurica Rupr. Recent studies have shown that MAG has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunosuppressive effects, which are relevant to anti-RA activities. OBJECTIVE The current investigation was conducted to explore the anti-RA effects of MAG and to discover the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS In vitro experiments, CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays were utilized to evaluate the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive activities of MAG, respectively. The rate of cell distribution and cell apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. ROS generation was detected by DCFH-DA staining. Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, and immunofluorescent staining were employed to test the anti-RA effect of MAG as well as to explore the potential mechanisms by evaluating related gene and protein expression. For in vivo experiments, an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model was established. The related parameters were measured in rats. Then, rats were sacrificed, and ankle joints were collected for histopathological analysis and observation. RESULTS MAG significantly decreased the proliferation, migration, invasion, and reactive oxygen species levels in IL-1β-treated MH7A cells. Furthermore, MAG promoted cell apoptosis by increasing Bax levels and decreasing Bcl-2 levels. MAG also induced cell cycle arrest. Inflammatory cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8) and MMPs (MMP-1, 2, 3, 9, and 13) were reduced by MAG treatment. Molecular analysis revealed that MAG exerted anti-RA effects by partly inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signalling axis and activating the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. In vivo studies have revealed that MAG treatment substantially improved severe symptoms in AIA rats, and these curative effects were linked to the attenuation of inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION These results first suggested that MAG exhibits anti-arthritic effects in IL-1β-treated MH7A cells and AIA rat models. Thus, MAG may be used as a new drug to treat RA clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu university, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xinting Fan
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu university, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yuhan Qu
- School of Food and Biological engineering, Chengdu university, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Food and Biological engineering, Chengdu university, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yuehui Huang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu university, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu university, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu university, Chengdu 610106, China.
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Baidoun F, Moustafa MA, Tun HW, Hill BT. Clinical Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of Primary Effusion Lymphoma: A National Cancer Database Study. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:e485-e494. [PMID: 35110006 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare HHV8(+) non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with HIV infection or other causes of immunosuppression. Large-scale studies describing the natural history of this entity are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS National cancer database (NCDB) was queried for patients diagnosed with PEL between 2004 and 2016. All patients age ≥ 18 years diagnosed with PEL were included. We excluded patients with multiple primary malignancies or lost follow-up. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate cox regression were used in the analyses. RESULTS Of the 219 PEL patients included in the analysis, 179 (82%) were males, 161 (74%) Caucasian and 49 (22%) African American. Median age at diagnosis was 60 ± 19 years and median OS (mOS) was 8.5 months. One hundred and fifteen were HIV+, 63 HIV-, 111 received chemotherapy, and 101 did not. Patients who received chemotherapy had better mOS compared to patients who did not receive chemotherapy (13 vs. 3 months, P < .001). This difference was observed in HIV+ patients (22.97 vs. 1.97 months, P = .006), but not in HIV- patients (6.24 vs. 8.20 months, P = .752). On multivariate analysis, chemotherapy treatment was associated with better OS (HR 0.502 95% CI 0.324-0.777; P = .002), whereas HIV status did not affect the OS (HR 0.6 95% CI 0.3-1.4; P = .258). CONCLUSION This largest retrospective analysis on PEL revealed that current chemotherapeutic approach is significantly beneficial for HIV+ patients but not for HIV- patients. The rapid advancement in HIV treatment might be playing a role in survival improvement among HIV+ patients. Novel therapies are needed to improve the survival of patients with PEL, especially in HIV- patients. MICROABSTRACT PEL is a rare HHV8(+) non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Using national cancer database, we studied clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 219 PEL patients. We found that chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival in HIV+ patients. However, a similar survival improvement was not seen in HIV- patients. Significant improvement in efficacy of antiretroviral therapy is likely contributing to the survival improvement in HIV+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Baidoun
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Han W Tun
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brian T Hill
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
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Eskandari E, Eaves CJ. Paradoxical roles of caspase-3 in regulating cell survival, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213213. [PMID: 35551578 PMCID: PMC9106709 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202201159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-3 is a widely expressed member of a conserved family of proteins, generally recognized for their activated proteolytic roles in the execution of apoptosis in cells responding to specific extrinsic or intrinsic inducers of this mode of cell death. However, accumulating evidence indicates that caspase-3 also plays key roles in regulating the growth and homeostatic maintenance of both normal and malignant cells and tissues in multicellular organisms. Given that yeast possess an ancestral caspase-like gene suggests that the caspase-3 protein may have acquired different functions later during evolution to better meet the needs of more complex multicellular organisms, but without necessarily losing all of the functions of its ancestral yeast precursor. This review provides an update on what has been learned about these interesting dichotomous roles of caspase-3, their evolution, and their potential relevance to malignant as well as normal cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Eskandari
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connie J. Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Correspondence to Connie J. Eaves:
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16
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Kim JM, Heo HJ. The roles of catechins in regulation of systemic inflammation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:957-970. [PMID: 35345441 PMCID: PMC8943496 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins are a phytochemical present in plants such as tea leaves, beans, black grapes, cherries, and cacao, and have various physiological activities. It is reported that catechins have a health improvement effect and ameliorating effect against various diseases. In addition, antioxidant activity, liver damage prevention, cholesterol lowering effect, and anti-obesity activity were confirmed through in vivo animal and clinical studies. Although most diseases are reported as ones mediating various inflammations, the mechanism for improving inflammation remains unclear. Therefore, the current review article evaluates the physiological activity and various pharmacological actions of catechins and conclude by confirming an improvement effect on the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
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Ramachandhiran D, Sankaranarayanan C, Murali R, Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V. β-Caryophyllene promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis in KB cells through activation of mitochondrial-mediated pathway - An in-vitro and in-silico study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:148-162. [PMID: 31583906 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1669057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Beta-caryophyllene (BCP), are natural bicyclic sesquiterpenes which are present in numerous plants worldwide. BCP has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. Here, we studied its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. Cells treated with BCP, in a dose-dependent manner, exhibited morphological changes, showed lower cell growth, underwent apoptosis and lost the ability to metastasis through the suppression of NF-ҡ B via PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. These results elucidate that the inhibition of NF-ҡ B and PI3K/AKT is one of the most important mechanism by which BCP suppresses cancer cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Ramachandhiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | | | - Raju Murali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College For Women, Krishnagiri, India
| | - Sukumar Babukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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Huang Y, Peng C, Tang J, Wang S, Yang F, Wang Q, Zhou L, Yang L, Ju S. The expression of heat shock protein A12B (HSPA12B) in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1462. [PMID: 34734014 PMCID: PMC8506729 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein A12B (HSPA12B) plays a considerable protective role for cells, tissues, and organs against various noxious conditions. However, the expression of HSPA12B in cancer biology remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the expression of HSPA12B and its role in cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods In this study, the expression of HSPA12B in NHL was determined by immunohistochemical, and the effect of HSPA12B expression on the prognosis of NHL was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves. Then, the transfection technique was used to research the effect of HSPA12B in cell apoptosis. The most important was to study the expression changes of HSPA12B in the adhesion model and the effect of overexpression of HSPA12B on CAM-DR. Results We analyzed the relationship between the expression levels of HSPA12B and clinical parameters in NHL. The expression of HSPA12B was directly related to the different NHL variants. We overexpressed HSPA12B in 2 NHL cell lines and found a subsequent reduction in apoptosis. More specifically, we used an adhesion assay to demonstrate that HSPA12B expression was induced in NHL cells when they adhered to fibronectin (FN) or bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs). Finally, it was revealed that HSPA12B overexpression enhances CAM-DR. Conclusions Our data suggest that HSPA12B may play a functional role in CAM-DR and is thus a potential novel target for NHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunlei Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shitao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Behura A, Das M, Kumar A, Naik L, Mishra A, Manna D, Patel S, Mishra A, Singh R, Dhiman R. ESAT-6 impedes IL-18 mediated phagosome lysosome fusion via microRNA-30a upon Calcimycin treatment in mycobacteria infected macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108319. [PMID: 34740079 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The weaponry possessed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in the form of immunodominant antigens hijack the host immune system to give a survival advantage to this intracellular fiend, but the mechanism of this control is not entirely known. Since we have previously reported the mechanism of autophagy inhibition by early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) through microRNA (miR)-30a-3p in Calcimycin treated differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells, the present study was undertaken to deduce the effect of miR-30a on the immunomodulatory profile of ESAT-6 treated cells and the mechanism involved thereof, if any. Initially, the effect of recombinant ESAT-6 (rESAT-6) on the immunomodulatory profile in Calcimycin-treated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) dTHP-1 cells was checked. Later, transfection studies using miR-30a-3p inhibitor or -5p mimic highlighted the contrary roles of different arms of the same miRNA in regulating IL-18 response by ESAT-6 in dTHP-1 cells after Calcimycin treatment. By using either IL-18 neutralizing antibody or inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/NF-κB/phagosome-lysosome fusion in the miRNA-30a transfected background, IL-18 mediated signaling and intracellular killing of mycobacteria was reversed in the presence of ESAT-6. Overall, the results of this study conclusively prove the contrary roles of miR-30a-3p and miR-30a-5p in regulating IL-18 signaling by ESAT-6 in dTHP-1 cells upon Calcimycin treatment that affected phagosome-lysosome fusion and intracellular survival of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assirbad Behura
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Mousumi Das
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Lincoln Naik
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debraj Manna
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Salina Patel
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Vashum Y, Kottaiswamy A, Loganathan T, Sheriff FB, Samuel S. Anti-carcinogenic Effect of Cathepsin K Inhibitor, Odanacatib with a Low Dose of Cisplatin Against Human Breast Carcinoma MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 Cells. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666201222101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A cross-linking agent commonly used for cancer chemotherapy is a platinum
compound such as cisplatin. However, with the acquisition of cellular drug resistance and adverse
side effects, the potency of cisplatin is, therefore, often tempered. To overcome these issues,
the present study has established the use of cathepsin k (CTSK) inhibitor as a potent chemosensitizer.
Methods:
The cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and odanacatib (ODN) on two different breast cancer patient-
derived cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, was assessed by MTT-based colorimetric assay.
The drug interaction coefficient CDI was used to evaluate the synergistically inhibitory impact
of the drug combination and immunoblot was used to examine the expression of certain proteins responsible
for cell survival and the mechanism of apoptosis.
Results:
In this study, we found that IC50 of ODN in combination with cisplatin (half of IC25) induced
a synergistic cytotoxic effect in different breast cancer cells. Diminished expression of Bcl-2
and increased expression of Bax aroused the cytochrome release, that triggered caspase-9 and -3 activation
in the combinatorial group. ODN with a lower dose of cisplatin significantly inhibited the
protein expression of novel chemoresistant factors such as STAT3, NFκB and IL-6.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the potential effects of the combination of ODN with a reduced
dose of cisplatin on improving the growth inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effect on breast cancer
cells via combined inhibition of NF-κB-induced IL-6 and STAT3 activation. The study result
suggests that the further development of this novel inhibitor in combination with a low dose of standard
cisplatin-based chemotherapy may contribute to an alternative treatment option for certain
cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaongamphi Vashum
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Amuthavalli Kottaiswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Tholcopiyan Loganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Fathima B. Sheriff
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shila Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai- 600056, Tamilnadu, India
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Mollaei M, Hassan ZM, Khorshidi F, Langroudi L. Chemotherapeutic drugs: Cell death- and resistance-related signaling pathways. Are they really as smart as the tumor cells? Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101056. [PMID: 33684837 PMCID: PMC7938256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancer cells or control their progression all over the patient's body, while radiation- and surgery-based treatments perform in a particular site. Based on their mechanisms of action, they are classified into different groups, including alkylating substrates, antimetabolite agents, anti-tumor antibiotics, inhibitors of topoisomerase I and II, mitotic inhibitors, and finally, corticosteroids. Although chemotherapeutic drugs have brought about more life expectancy, two major and severe complications during chemotherapy are chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Therefore, we aimed to review the underlying intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell death and resistance in different chemotherapeutic drug families to clarify the shortcomings in the conventional single chemotherapy applications. Moreover, we have summarized the current combination chemotherapy applications, including numerous combined-, and encapsulated-combined-chemotherapeutic drugs. We further discussed the possibilities and applications of precision medicine, machine learning, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in promoting cancer immunotherapies. Finally, some of the recent clinical trials concerning the application of immunotherapies and combination chemotherapies were included as well, in order to provide a practical perspective toward the future of therapies in cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Khorshidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Langroudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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22
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Hu S, Liu J, Feng S, Wang Y, Liu H. LncRNA SUMO1P3 acts as a prognostic biomarker and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12479-12492. [PMID: 33902004 PMCID: PMC8148505 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the progression of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the biological functions of lncRNA small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene 3 (SUMO1P3) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we revealed that SUMO1P3 expression was enhanced in HCC tissues and cell lines, positively associating with tumor size and number, poor differentiation, lymphatic and distant metastasis, TNM stage, and poor prognosis in HCC patients. In vitro assays showed that SUMO1P3 depletion reduced HCC cell viability and proliferation by hindering cyclin D1 expression and Akt phosphorylation. SUMO1P3 knockdown induced HCC cell apoptosis, as indicated by increased Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and the decreased Bcl-2 level. SUMO1P3 silencing suppressed HCC cell migration and invasion by increasing epithelial marker E-cadherin expression and decreasing mesenchymal marker vimentin expression, as well as reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 levels. Consistently, SUMO1P3 depletion in HCC cells retarded tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Overall, these results supported the applicability of SUMO1P3 as a useful predictor of HCC prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
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23
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Li W, Ali T, He K, Liu Z, Shah FA, Ren Q, Liu Y, Jiang A, Li S. Ibrutinib alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and synaptic defects in a mouse model of depression. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:10-24. [PMID: 33181270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a close association between an altered immune system and major depressive disorders, and inhibition of neuroinflammation may represent an alternative mechanism to treat depression. Recently, the anti-inflammatory activity of ibrutinib has been reported. However, the effect of ibrutinib on neuroinflammation-induced depression and its underlying mechanism has not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the potential anti-depressive role and mechanism of ibrutinib against neuroinflammation-induced depression and synaptic defects. Our results showed that ibrutinib treatment significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation via inhibiting NF-kB activation, decreasing proinflammatory cytokine levels, and normalizing redox signaling and its downstream components, including Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD2, as well as glial cell activation markers, such as Iba-1 and GFAP. Further, ibrutinib treatment inhibited LPS-activated inflammasome activation by targeting NLRP3/P38/Caspase-1 signaling. Interestingly, LPS reduced the number of dendritic spines and expression of BDNF, and synaptic-related markers, including PSD95, snap25, and synaptophysin, were improved by ibrutinib treatment in the hippocampal area of the mouse brain. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ibrutinib can alleviate neuroinflammation and synaptic defects, suggesting it has antidepressant potential against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Kaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Qingguo Ren
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Rd., Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Anlong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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24
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Lopez-Bergami P, Barbero G. The emerging role of Wnt5a in the promotion of a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:933-952. [PMID: 32435939 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt5a is the prototypical activator of the non-canonical Wnt pathways, and its overexpression has been implicated in the progression of several tumor types by promoting cell motility, invasion, EMT, and metastasis. Recent evidences have revealed a novel role of Wnt5a in the phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 and the activation of the NF-κB pathway in cancer cells. In this article, we review the molecular mechanisms and mediators defining a Wnt5a/NF-κB signaling pathway and propose that the aberrant expression of Wnt5a in some tumors drives a Wnt5a/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 positive feedback loop that amplifies the effects of Wnt5a. The evidences discussed here suggest that Wnt5a has a double effect on the tumor microenvironment. First, it activates an autocrine ROR1/Akt/p65 pathway that promotes inflammation and chemotaxis of immune cells. Then, Wnt5a activates a TLR/MyD88/p50 pathway exclusively in myelomonocytic cells promoting the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and a tolerogenic phenotype. As a result of these mechanisms, Wnt5a plays a negative role on immune cell function that contributes to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and would contribute to resistance to immunotherapy. Finally, we summarized the development of different strategies targeting either Wnt5a or the Wnt5a receptor ROR1 that can be helpful for cancer therapy by contributing to generate a more immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimonides, Hidalgo 775, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gastón Barbero
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimonides, Hidalgo 775, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Kma L, Baruah TJ. The interplay of ROS and the PI3K/Akt pathway in autophagy regulation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:248-264. [PMID: 33442914 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy causes the breakdown of damaged proteins and organelles to their constituent components. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway played an important role in regulating the autophagic response of cells in response to changing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The PI3K α catalytic subunit inhibits autophagy, while its β catalytic subunit promotes autophagy in response to changes in ROS levels. The downstream Akt protein acts against autophagy initiation in response to increases in ROS levels under nutrient-rich conditions. Akt acts by activating a mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and by arresting autophagic gene expression. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein counteracts the Akt actions. mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibit autophagy under moderate ROS levels, but under high ROS levels, mTORC2 can promote cellular senescence via autophagy. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein are the negative regulators of the PI3K pathway, and it has proautophagic activities. Studies conducted on cells treated with flavonoids and ionizing radiation showed that the moderate increase in ROS levels in the flavonoid-treated groups corresponded with higher PTEN levels and lowered Akt levels leading to a higher occurrence of autophagy. In contrast, higher ROS levels evoked by ionizing radiation caused a lowering of the incidence of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhan Kma
- Cancer and Radiation Countermeasures Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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26
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Basu M, Chakraborty B, Ghosh S, Samadder S, Dutta S, Roy A, Pal DK, Ghosh A, Panda CK. Divergent molecular profile of PIK3CA gene in arsenic-associated bladder carcinoma. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:499-508. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The activation of PIK3CA in bladder carcinoma (BlCa) with its recurrent mutations in exon 9 and 20 were well reported. But the association of arsenic on the activation of the pathway is not well elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the effect of arsenic on the genetic (copy number variation/mutation) and expression profiles of PIK3CA in primary BlCa samples. Infrequent amplification (16%) of the PIK3CA locus was observed, with higher frequency among the arsenic-high (AsH) than arsenic-low (AsL) samples. Frequent (54%) tumour-specific mutations in exon 9 and 20 of PIK3CA were observed in the BlCa samples with prevalent (47%) C>T transition mutations. Exon 9 and 20 harboured 48% and 73% of the total mutations, respectively, with 37% in E542K/E545K and 25% of the mutation in H1047Y/R. Though mutation frequency in AsH and AsL was found to be comparable, we observed some arsenic-specific mutation at c.1633G>A, c.1634A>C (E545K) and c.2985C>T and c.3130G>T mutations, as well as prevalent transverse mutations of A>C and G>T in AsH group. Furthermore, 73% of the BlCa samples showed overexpression (mRNA/protein) of PIK3CA with genetic alterations (amplification/mutation), significantly (P = 0.01) higher in AsH group. However, 36% of the samples showed overexpressed PIK3CA, independent of mutation or amplification, signifying a transcriptional upregulation of PIK3CA gene. Therefore, the expression status of NFκB, a transcription factor of PIK3CA, was assessed and found to be significantly correlated with the overexpression of PIK3CA (mRNA/protein) in AsH group. Similarly, the expression pattern of pAKT1 (Thr 308) was also found to be significantly correlated with PIK3CA overexpression. Finally, AsH patients with the overexpression of PIK3CA or NFκB had the worst overall survival, signifying a strong impact of arsenic on this pathway and outcome of the patients. Thus, our study showed that the arsenic-associated differential molecular profile of PIK3CA/AKT1/NFkB in BlCa has an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Basu
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Balarko Chakraborty
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sabnam Ghosh
- Department of Life Science, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudip Samadder
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sankhadeep Dutta
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anup Roy
- Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital Kolkata
| | | | - Amlan Ghosh
- Department of Life Science, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Morris G, Bortolasci CC, Puri BK, Olive L, Marx W, O'Neil A, Athan E, Carvalho A, Maes M, Walder K, Berk M. Preventing the development of severe COVID-19 by modifying immunothrombosis. Life Sci 2021; 264:118617. [PMID: 33096114 PMCID: PMC7574725 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with significant morbidity and high levels of mortality. This paper describes the processes involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 from the initial infection and subsequent destruction of type II alveolar epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 and culminating in the development of ARDS. MAIN BODY The activation of alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages leads to the release of large quantities of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their translocation into the pulmonary vasculature. The presence of these inflammatory mediators in the vascular compartment leads to the activation of vascular endothelial cells platelets and neutrophils and the subsequent formation of platelet neutrophil complexes. These complexes in concert with activated endothelial cells interact to create a state of immunothrombosis. The consequence of immunothrombosis include hypercoagulation, accelerating inflammation, fibrin deposition, migration of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) producing neutrophils into the alveolar apace, activation of the NLRP3 inflammazome, increased alveolar macrophage destruction and massive tissue damage by pyroptosis and necroptosis Therapeutic combinations aimed at ameliorating immunothrombosis and preventing the development of severe COVID-19 are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eugene Athan
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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28
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Xu N, Wang L, Fu S, Jiang B. Resveratrol is cytotoxic and acts synergistically with NF-κB inhibition in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:166-176. [PMID: 33488869 PMCID: PMC7811305 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bone. The existing adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, while improving the overall survival, have been limited by the significant systemic toxicity. Substantial clinical and research efforts are being invested to develop novel pharmaceutical agents. Resveratrol (Res) has been suggested to have a chemopreventive effect. However, the mechanism of Res in osteosarcoma remains to be elucidated. MATERIAL AND METHODS The MG-63 osteosarcoma cell culture model was used to investigate the chemotherapeutic effect of Res. MTT assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell migration assay were used to document the effect of Res on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively. Apoptosis in MG-63 cells was quantified with the TUNEL assay. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the molecular changes following Res treatment. Data processing and analysis were conducted using GraphPad Prism 5.0. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Our data suggested that Res blocks cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and activates apoptotic cell death in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. We found that Res potentially down-regulates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Akt intracellular signaling transduction. Moreover, the combination of Res and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, resulted in synergistic growth inhibition of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro preclinical study in the MG-63 cell line model supports the translation of Res to the clinical management of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Yang L, Han X, Xing F, Wu H, Shi H, Huang F, Xu Q, Wu X. Total flavonoids of astragalus attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing the activation and inflammatory responses of microglia via JNK/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153385. [PMID: 33091854 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the most prominent characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic demyelination disease. As one of the main active ingredients in Astragali radix, total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) has multiple pharmacological effects such as immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and and anti-tumor. However, little is known about whether TFA could inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in MS. PURPOSE This study was aimed to elucidate whether TFA could inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in MS. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, we explored the protective effect of TFA on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, in mice for the first time, and discussed its mechanism from the aspect of anti-microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. METHODS The mice received oral administration of TFA (25 and 50 mg/kg) daily from two days before immunization and continued until day 21 post-immunization. The effect of TFA on EAE in mice and its mechanism were investigated by ELISA, Western blot, real-time PCR, luciferase reporter assay, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TFA were shown to alleviate the severity of EAE in mice. It inhibited the excessive activation of microglia both in spinal cords of EAE mice and in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, evidenced by weakening the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β markedly at either protein or mRNA level. Further study demonstrated that TFA repressed the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NFκB, and inhibited the activation of AKT and JNK signaling in BV-2 cells induced by LPS. The agonists of AKT and JNK, anisomycin and SC79, could partly abolish the inhibitory effect of TFA on the production of inflammatory mediators in BV-2 cells induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results clarified that TFA inhibited microglia-mediated inflammation in EAE mice probably through deactivating JNK/AKT/NFκB signaling pathways. The novel findings may lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of TFA in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Faping Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qi Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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30
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Wang Y, Chen M, Xu J, Liu X, Duan Y, Zhou C, Xu Y. Core clock gene Bmal1 deprivation impairs steroidogenesis in mice luteinized follicle cells. Reproduction 2020; 160:955-967. [PMID: 33112769 PMCID: PMC7707808 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Luteinization is the event of corpus luteum formation, a way of follicle cells transformation and a process of steroidogenesis alteration. As the core clock gene, Bmal1 was involved in the regulation of ovulation process and luteal function afterwards. Till now, the underlying roles of luteinization played by Bmal1 remain unknown. To explore the unique role of Bmal1 in luteal steroidogenesis and its underlying pathway, we investigated the luteal hormone synthesis profile in Bmal1 knockout female mice. We found that luteal hormone synthesis was notably impaired, and phosphorylation of PI3K/NfκB pathway was significantly activated. Then, the results were verified in in vitro cultured cells, including isolated Bmal1 interference granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells (TCs), respectively. Hormones levels of supernatant culture media and mRNA expressions of steroidogenesis-associated genes (star, Hsd3β2, cyp19a1 in GCs, Lhcgr, star, Hsd3β2, cyp17a1 in TCs) were mutually decreased, while the phosphorylation of PI3K/NfκB was promoted during in vitro luteinization. After PI3K specific-inhibitor LY294002 intervention, mRNA expressions of Lhcgr and Hsd3β2 were partially rescued in Bmal1 interference TCs, together with significantly increased androstenedione and T synthesis. Further exploration in TCs demonstrated BMAL1 interacted directly but negatively with NfκB p65 (RelA), a subunit which was supposed as a mediator in Bmal1-governed PI3K signaling regulation. Taken together, we verified the novel role of Bmal1 in luteal steroidogenesis, achieving by negative interplay with RelA-mediated PI3K/NfκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizi Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Mitocans Revisited: Mitochondrial Targeting as Efficient Anti-Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217941. [PMID: 33114695 PMCID: PMC7663685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles, controlling multiple signalling pathways critical for cell survival and cell death. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial metabolism and functions are indispensable in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, rendering mitochondria and mitochondrial functions as plausible targets for anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarised the major strategies of selective targeting of mitochondria and their functions to combat cancer, including targeting mitochondrial metabolism, the electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial redox signalling pathways, and ROS homeostasis. We highlight that delivering anti-cancer drugs into mitochondria exhibits enormous potential for future cancer therapeutic strategies, with a great advantage of potentially overcoming drug resistance. Mitocans, exemplified by mitochondrially targeted vitamin E succinate and tamoxifen (MitoTam), selectively target cancer cell mitochondria and efficiently kill multiple types of cancer cells by disrupting mitochondrial function, with MitoTam currently undergoing a clinical trial.
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Moodad S, El Hajj R, Hleihel R, Hajjar L, Tawil N, Karam M, Hamie M, Abou Merhi R, El Sabban M, El Hajj H. Lenalidomide in Combination with Arsenic Trioxide: an Effective Therapy for Primary Effusion Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2483. [PMID: 32883022 PMCID: PMC7563318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare aggressive subset of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma. PEL is secondary to Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) and predominantly develops in serous cavities. Conventional chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice for PEL and yields high response rates with no significant comorbidities. Yet, chemotherapy often fails in achieving or maintaining long-term remission. Lenalidomide (Lena), an immunomodulatory drug, displayed some efficacy in the treatment of PEL. On the other hand, arsenic trioxide (ATO) in combination with other agents effectively treated a number of blood malignancies, including PEL. In this study, we present evidence that the combination of ATO/Lena significantly enhanced survival of PEL mice, decreased the volume of exacerbated ascites in the peritoneum, and reduced tumor infiltration in organs of treated animals. In ex vivo treated PEL cells, ATO/Lena decreased the proliferation and downregulated the expression of KSHV latent viral proteins. This was associated with decreased NF-κB activation, resulting in reactivation of viral replication, downregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, and apoptosis. Our results elucidate the mechanism of action of ATO/Lena and present it as a promising targeted therapeutic modality in PEL management, which warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moodad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Rana El Hajj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon;
| | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Layal Hajjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Nadim Tawil
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Karam
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Maguy Hamie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Raghida Abou Merhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, GSBT laboratory, Lebanese University, Hadath 31143, Lebanon;
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
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Ali T, Hao Q, Ullah N, Rahman SU, Shah FA, He K, Zheng C, Li W, Murtaza I, Li Y, Jiang Y, Tan Z, Li S. Melatonin Act as an Antidepressant via Attenuation of Neuroinflammation by Targeting Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:96. [PMID: 32595452 PMCID: PMC7304371 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical or psychological stress can cause an immunologic imbalance that disturbs the central nervous system followed by neuroinflammation. The association between inflammation and depression has been widely studied in recent years, though the molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. Thus, targeting the signaling pathways that link stress to neuroinflammation might be a useful strategy against depression. The current study investigated the protective effect of melatonin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and depression. Our results showed that LPS treatment significantly induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Moreover, LPS-treatment enhanced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β, NF-κB phosphorylation, and glial cell activation markers including GFAP and Iba-1 in the brain of mice. Melatonin treatment significantly abolished the effect of LPS, as indicated by improved depressive-like behaviors, reduced cytokines level, reduced oxidative stress, and normalized LPS-altered Sirt1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression. However, the melatonin protective effects were reduced after luzindole administration. Collectively, it is concluded that melatonin receptor-dependently protects against LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors via counteracting LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Jiang
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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34
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Rahe MC, Dvorak CMT, Wiseman B, Martin D, Murtaugh MP. Establishment and characterization of a porcine B cell lymphoma cell line. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111986. [PMID: 32240660 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lack of available, well characterized, established, domestic porcine cell lines hinders the advancement of porcine cellular immunology. A case of multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed in a market weight pig at the time of slaughter. Affected lymph nodes and spleen were collected and used for single cell isolation and analysis. Cell lines were established by 3 rounds of limiting dilution from splenic and subiliac lymph node lymphomas. Surface marker staining identified the cells as CD21+, CD79a+, CD20+, PAX5+, and CD3- and cells were grown and easily passaged in cell culture. Transcriptome analysis was carried out to further characterize these rapidly proliferating cells validating the initial cytometric findings, confirming their identity as B cell lymphomas, and suggesting that they arose from germinal center centroblasts with aberrant control of BCL6 expression. Functional analysis identified the cells as being involved in cancer, cell movement, cell survival, and apoptosis. These new porcine B cell lymphoma cell lines will be a valuable resource for more in-depth cellular investigations into the porcine immune system and cancer, as well as providing a potential tool for the growth of lymphotropic viruses of pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Rahe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Cheryl M T Dvorak
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Barry Wiseman
- Triumph Foods, LLC, 5302 Stockyards Expressway, Saint Joseph, MO, 64504, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Angels Veterinary Express, 11519 State Hwy C, Savannah, MO, 64485, USA
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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35
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, Asúnsolo Á, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N, Coca S. Signal Transduction Pathways in Breast Cancer: The Important Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9258396. [PMID: 32211045 PMCID: PMC7085392 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9258396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the cancer with the highest prevalence in women and is the number-one cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Cell transduction is a fundamental process in the development and progression of cancer. Modifications in various cell signalling pathways promote tumour cell proliferation, progression, and survival. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an example of that, and it is involved in growth, proliferation, survival, motility, metabolism, and immune response regulation. Activation of this pathway is one of the main causes of cancer cell resistance to antitumour therapies. This makes PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling a crucial object of study for understanding the development and progression of this disease. Thus, this pathway may have a role as a potential therapeutic target, as well as prognostic and diagnostic value, in patients with breast cancer. Despite the existence of selective PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors and current clinical trials, the cellular mechanisms are not yet known. The present review aims to understand the current state of this important disease and the paths that must be forged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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36
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Yousefi Z, Sharifzadeh S, Yar-Ahmadi V, Andalib A, Eskandari N. Fc Receptor-Like 1 as a Promising Target for Immunotherapeutic Interventions of B-Cell-Related Disorders. Biomark Insights 2019; 14:1177271919882351. [PMID: 31798301 PMCID: PMC6864034 DOI: 10.1177/1177271919882351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human B-cell responses are regulated through synergy between a collection of activation and inhibitory receptors. Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules have recently been identified as co-receptors that are preferentially expressed in human B-cells, which may also play an important role in the regulation of human B-cell responses. FCRL1 is a member of the FCRL family molecules with 2 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in its cytoplasmic tail. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory roles of FCRL1 in human B-cell responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The regulatory potential of FCRL1 in human B-cell through knockdown of FCRL1 expression in the Ramos and Daudi Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines by using the retroviral-based short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) delivery method. The functional consequences of FCRL1 knockdown were assessed by measuring the proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bid, and Bax genes as well as phosphoinositide-3 kinase/-serine-threonine kinase AKT (PI3K/p-AKT) pathway in the BL cells, using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry analysis. The NF-κB activity was also measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS FCRL1 knockdown significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptotic cell death in the BL cells. There was a significant reduction in the extent of the Bcl-2 gene expression in the treated BL cells compared with control cells. On the contrary, FCRL1 knockdown increased the expression levels of Bid and Bax genes in the treated BL cells when compared with control cells. In addition, the extent of the PI3K/p-AKT expression and phosphorylated-p65 NF-κB activity was significantly decreased in the treated BL cells compared with control cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FCRL1 can play a key role in the activation of human B-cell responses and has the potential to serve as a target for immunotherapy of FCRL1 positive B-cell-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vali Yar-Ahmadi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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37
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El-Shoura EAM, Sharkawi SMZ, Messiha BAS, Bakr AG, Hemeida RAM. Perindopril mitigates LPS-induced cardiopulmonary oxidative and inflammatory damage via inhibition of renin angiotensin system, inflammation and oxidative stress. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:630-643. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1688346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A. M. El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Souty M. Z. Sharkawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Basim A. S. Messiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel G. Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A. M. Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, Egypt
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38
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Targets for improving tumor response to radiotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Amini-Khoei H, Saghaei E, Mobini GR, Sabzevary-Ghahfarokhi M, Ahmadi R, Bagheri N, Mokhtari T. Possible involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the protective effect of selegiline (deprenyl) against memory impairment following ischemia reperfusion in rat. Neuropeptides 2019; 77:101942. [PMID: 31272684 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Short-term cerebral ischemia led to memory dysfunction. There is a pressing need to introduce effective agents to reduce complications of the ischemia. Involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has been determined in the neuroprotective effect of various agents. Selegiline (deprenyl) possessed neuroprotective properties. In this study global ischemia/reperfusion was established in rats. Selegiline (5 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days) administrated via intraperitoneal route. Possible involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was evaluated using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and histophatologic evaluations in the hippocampus. Spatial memory was evaluated by morris water maze (MWM). Results showed that ischemia impaired the memory and ischemic rats spent more time to find hidden platform in the MWM. Ischemia significantly decreased levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the hippocampus. Histopathologic assessment revealed that the percent of dark neurons significantly increased in the CA1 area of the hippocampus of ischemic rats. Selegiline improved the memory as ischemic rats spent fewer time to find hidden platform in the MWM. Findings showed that selegiline increased the level and expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR as well as decreased the proportion of dark neurons in the CA1 area of the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus. We concluded that selegiline, partially at least, through increases the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR as well as decreases the percent of dark neurons in the hippocampus could improve the memory impairment following the ischemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Elham Saghaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gholam-Reza Mobini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Milad Sabzevary-Ghahfarokhi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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An Autocrine Wnt5a Loop Promotes NF-κB Pathway Activation and Cytokine/Chemokine Secretion in Melanoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091060. [PMID: 31510045 PMCID: PMC6770184 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a signaling has been implicated in the progression of cancer by regulating multiple cellular processes, largely migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis. Since Wnt5a signaling has also been involved in inflammatory processes in infectious and inflammatory diseases, we addressed the role of Wnt5a in regulating NF-κB, a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses, in the context of cancer. The treatment of melanoma cells with Wnt5a induced phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 as well as IKK phosphorylation and IκB degradation. By using cDNA overexpression, RNA interference, and dominant negative mutants we determined that ROR1, Dvl2, and Akt (from the Wnt5a pathway) and TRAF2 and RIP (from the NF-κB pathway) are required for the Wnt5a/NF-κB crosstalk. Wnt5a also induced p65 nuclear translocation and increased NF-κB activity as evidenced by reporter assays and a NF-κB-specific upregulation of RelB, Bcl-2, and Cyclin D1. Further, stimulation of melanoma cells with Wnt5a increased the secretion of cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, and IL-6 soluble receptor, MCP-1, and TNF soluble receptor I. The inhibition of endogenous Wnt5a demonstrated that an autocrine Wnt5a loop is a major regulator of the NF-κB pathway in melanoma. Taken together, these results indicate that Wnt5a activates the NF-κB pathway and has an immunomodulatory effect on melanoma through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines.
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41
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He J, Fu L, Li Q. Rsf‑1 regulates malignant melanoma cell viability and chemoresistance via NF‑κB/Bcl‑2 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3487-3498. [PMID: 31485613 PMCID: PMC6755232 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling and spacing factor 1 (Rsf-1) has been reported as overexpressed in numerous cancers; however, its expression, biological functions and mechanisms in malignant melanoma remain unknown. In the present study, the expression of Rsf-1 was investigated in 50 cases of malignant melanoma samples using immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that Rsf-1 expression was elevated in 38% of specimens. MTT, colony formation, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were performed to investigate the functions of Rsf-1. Knockdown of Rsf-1 in the MV3 and A375 melanoma cell lines decreased the viability, invasion and cell cycle transition of cells. Conversely, overexpression of Rsf-1 in M14 cells with low endogenous Rsf-1 expression induced opposing effects. Further analysis revealed that Rsf-1 knockdown decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2, cyclin E and phosphorylated-IκB expression. Additionally, Rsf-1 depletion reduced cisplatin resistance and significantly increased the cisplatin-associated apoptotic rate, whereas Rsf-1 overexpression exhibited opposing effects. Rsf-1 also maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential following cisplatin treatment. Analysis of apoptosis-associated proteins revealed that Rsf-1 positively regulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) and cIAP2, and downregulated Bcl-2-associated X protein expression. Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) inhibition reversed the effects of Rsf-1 on Bcl-2. In conclusion, Rsf-1 was overexpressed in malignant melanoma and may contribute to the malignant behaviors of melanoma cells, possibly via the regulation of NF-κB signaling. Therefore, Rsf-1 may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani He
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Saleh R, Taha RZ, Sasidharan Nair V, Alajez NM, Elkord E. PD-L1 Blockade by Atezolizumab Downregulates Signaling Pathways Associated with Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Hypoxia in Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1050. [PMID: 31349612 PMCID: PMC6721435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer, which shows resistance to common breast cancer therapies, as it lacks the expression of the most common breast cancer targets. Therefore, TNBC treatment remains a challenge. Targeting programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), for example, atezolizumab, has revolutionized the treatment for various cancer types. However, the therapeutic efficacy of targeting PD-L1 in TNBC is currently under investigation. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, expressing PD-L1, responds to atezolizumab, using RNA-Seq. Transcriptome analysis revealed 388 upregulated and 362 downregulated genes in response to atezolizumab treatment. The expression of selected genes, from RNA-Seq data, was subsequently validated using RT-qPCR in the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells following atezolizumab treatment. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that atezolizumab downregulates genes promoting cell migration/invasion and metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell growth/proliferation/survival, and hypoxia. On the contrary, genes associated with apoptosis and DNA repair were upregulated in response to atezolizumab treatment. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that a significant number of these genes are related to the NF-kB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and CD40 signaling pathways. Using functional assays, we confirmed that atezolizumab increases MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis/necrosis, and reduces their proliferation and viability. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms/signaling pathways by which atezolizumab exerts inhibitory effects on TNBC, thereby inhibiting EMT/metastasis, tumor growth/survival, and the induction of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Saleh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar.
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Mortezaee K, Najafi M, Farhood B, Ahmadi A, Potes Y, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. Modulation of apoptosis by melatonin for improving cancer treatment efficiency: An updated review. Life Sci 2019; 228:228-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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44
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Autocrine STAT3 activation in HPV positive cervical cancer through a virus-driven Rac1-NFκB-IL-6 signalling axis. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007835. [PMID: 31226168 PMCID: PMC6608985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer. Although the fundamental link between HPV infection and oncogenesis is established, the specific mechanisms of virus-mediated transformation are not fully understood. We previously demonstrated that the HPV encoded E6 protein increases the activity of the proto-oncogenic transcription factor STAT3 in primary human keratinocytes; however, the molecular basis for STAT3 activation in cervical cancer remains unclear. Here, we show that STAT3 phosphorylation in HPV positive cervical cancer cells is mediated primarily via autocrine activation by the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Antibody-mediated blockade of IL-6 signalling in HPV positive cells inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas both recombinant IL-6 and conditioned media from HPV positive cells leads to increased STAT3 phosphorylation within HPV negative cervical cancer cells. Interestingly, we demonstrate that activation of the transcription factor NFκB, involving the small GTPase Rac1, is required for IL-6 production and subsequent STAT3 activation. Our data provides new insights into the molecular re-wiring of cancer cells by HPV E6. We reveal that activation of an IL-6 signalling axis drives the autocrine and paracrine phosphorylation of STAT3 within HPV positive cervical cancers cells and that activation of this pathway is essential for cervical cancer cell proliferation and survival. Greater understanding of this pathway provides a potential opportunity for the use of existing clinically approved drugs for the treatment of HPV-mediated cervical cancer.
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45
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Liang Y, Chen G, Yang Y, Li Z, Chen T, Sun W, Yu M, Pan K, Guo W, Tian W. Effect of canonical NF-κB signaling pathway on the differentiation of rat dental epithelial stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:139. [PMID: 31109359 PMCID: PMC6528379 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), an important transcription factor, participates in many physiological and pathological processes such as growth, differentiation, organogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response, including tooth development. However, it is still unknown whether NF-κB participates in the regulation of dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs) in postnatal rat incisors. Here, we investigated the specific differentiation regulatory mechanisms of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway in DESCs and provided the mechanism of cross-talk involved in DESC differentiation. METHODS After adding the activator or inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway, Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze the expressions of amelogenesis-related genes and proteins and canonical transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. In addition, we used amelogenesis induction in vitro by adding the activator or inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway to the amelogenesis-induction medium, respectively. Recombinant TGF-β was used to activate the TGF-β pathway, and SMAD7 siRNA was used to downregulate the expression of SMAD7 in DESCs. RESULTS We found that the expression of amelogenesis-related genes and proteins as well as TGF-β signaling were downregulated, while SMAD7 expression was increased in NF-κB-activated DESCs. In addition, NF-κB-inhibited DESCs exhibited opposite results compared with NF-κB-activated DESCs. Furthermore, the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway suppressed the canonical TGF-β-SMAD signaling by inducing SMAD7 expression involved in the regulation of DESC differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway participated in the regulation of DESC differentiation, which was through upregulating SMAD7 expression and further suppressing the canonical TGF-β-SMAD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuangwu Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that control the transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA by binding to specific DNA sequences either on their own or with other proteins as a complex. TFs thus support or suppress the recruitment of the corresponding RNA polymerase. In general, TFs are classified by structure or function. The TF, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), is expressed in all cell types and tissues. NF-κB signaling and crosstalk are involved in several steps of carcinogenesis including in sequences involving pathogenic stimulus, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, establishment of its remodeling to the precancerous niche (PCN) and transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Triggered by various inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB is activated along with other TFs with subsequent stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of NF-κB in carcinogenesis provides an opportunity to develop anti-NF-κB therapies. The complexity of these interactions requires that we elucidate those aspects of NF-κB interactions that play a role in carcinogenesis, the sequence of events leading to cancer.
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47
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Vundavilli H, Datta A, Sima C, Hua J, Lopes R, Bittner M. Bayesian Inference Identifies Combination Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2684-2692. [PMID: 30676941 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2894980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among US women; hence, identifying potential drug targets is an ever increasing need. In this paper, we integrate existing biological information with graphical models to deduce the significant nodes in the breast cancer signaling pathway. METHODS We make use of biological information from the literature to develop a Bayesian network. Using the relevant gene expression data we estimate the parameters of this network. Then, using a message passing algorithm, we infer the network. The inferred network is used to quantitatively rank different interventions for achieving a desired phenotypic outcome. The particular phenotype considered here is the induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Theoretical analysis pinpoints to the role of Cryptotanshinone, a compound found in traditional Chinese herbs, as a potent modulator for bringing about cell death in the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION Using a mathematical framework, we showed that the combination therapy of mTOR and STAT3 genes yields the best apoptosis in breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE The computational results we arrived at are consistent with the experimental results that we obtained using Cryptotanshinone on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and also by the past results of others from the literature, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of our model.
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Targeted disruption of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, via PI3K inhibitors, promotes growth inhibitory effects in oral cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:451-461. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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49
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Zang H, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Xiao H, Sun T, Guo E, Zhang L, Gong B. Oxymatrine improves L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis related intestinal injury via regulating AKT/NFkB and claudins signaling. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Yu B, Li A, Zhang M, Li H, Tao C, Han B. High expression of IL-1β and NFκB in tumor tissue predicts a low recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:6002-6009. [PMID: 31949688 PMCID: PMC6963069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between interleukin (IL)-1β and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) expressions in tumor tissue and the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. METHODS The expressions of IL-1β and NFκB in tumor tissues of 92 patients with HCC were measured using immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between IL-1β and NFκB expressions with clinical factors and postoperative recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the low expression group, the disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC with high expression of IL-1β and NFκB was more significantly prolonged (P < 0.05). NFκB is a key molecule in the downstream signaling pathway of IL-1β, and the expression of IL-1β and NFκB is positively associated with serum total bilirubin (TBIL). IL-1β and NFκB levels and platelet (PLT) levels were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of HCC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The low expressions of IL-1β and NFκB in HCC tissues are an independent risk factor for the recurrence of HCC after hepatectomy, but a high expression can significantly prolong DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxu Yu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Department of Out-patient and Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Tao
- Department of Scientific Research Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
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