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Martinez Ibarra JA, Martinez BO, Rodas Martinez AZ, Flores RA, Garcia CIM, Franco ER, Villalobos G, Martinez Hernandez F. Trypanosoma cruzi in Wild and Synanthropic Mammals in Two Regions of Mexico: A Fieldwork and Genetic Discrete Typing Unit Review. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38836751 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Marsupials and rodents are the most important wild and synanthropic hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi due to the high frequency of infection, maintenance of diverse genetic populations of the parasite, and their close proximity to interact with both transmission cycles, sylvatic and peridomestic. Our aim was to identify the discrete typing units (DTU) of T. cruzi from different wild and synanthropic hosts in two regions of Mexico and to carry out a review of historical data focusing on current knowledge on the diversity and T. cruzi DTUs of host species. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifteen samples were obtained from two areas in Tabasco and Nayarit state. The presence of T. cruzi was evaluated by PCR. Results: The 12.6% (12/95) of samples from Tabasco and 65% (13/20) from Nayarit were found to be positive for parasite DNA. All the sequences analyzed were grouped in T. cruzi DTU I; low nucleotide diversity was observed in Tabasco (π = 0.00566, and ϴ = 0.00632), while high genetic diversity was observed in Nayarit sequences, up to 8.63 (π) to 11.10 (ϴ) times greater than Tabasco sequences. Genetic flow and migration between Tabasco, and Nayarit were scarce (FST = 0.37329 and Nm = 0.42), and genetic exchange was observed only between nearby areas. The bibliographic review of hosts in Mexico, together with our data, shows a heterogeneous T. cruzi prevalence in Chiroptera and domestic animals. For Atelidae and Canids, prevalence is generally below 25%. However, a high prevalence, greater than 25% and up to 100%, was recorded in Didelphimorphia, and Rodentia. Few studies in regions of Mexico have been described as infected with the parasite; in these, the genetic group with the highest prevalence is the DTU I. Conclusion: Marsupials and rodents are important reservoirs of T. cruzi; DTU I was frequently reported; however, recent genetic and reservoir studies have demonstrated the presence of greater diversity of genetic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brizia Oria Martinez
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González," Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Avila Flores
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, México
| | | | - Emilio Rendon Franco
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martinez Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González," Mexico City, Mexico
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Vargas-Abasolo R, Rivera-Duarte JD, Almaraz-Valle VM, Mejia-Mandujano M, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Córdoba-Aguilar A. Thinking green: Insecticidal effect of biorational solutions against Triatoma pallidipennis Stal (Hemiptera: Triatominae). Acta Trop 2024; 252:107152. [PMID: 38382592 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The control of triatomine vectors depends almost exclusively on conventional insecticides. These compounds can, nevertheless, cause negative effects on environmental and human health as well as induce resistance in triatomines. Therefore, we need to look for more sustainable alternatives. Triatoma pallidipennis is one of the main chagasic vectors in Mexico. We evaluated the insecticidal effectiveness of two oils (neem and cinnamon), and two desiccants (potassium salts of fatty acids and diatomaceous earth), on 3rd instar nymphs of T. pallidipennis. The laboratory test involved direct exposure of the treatments to the insects. We found that diatomaceous earths caused 80 % mortality of nymphs after 30 days. Meanwhile, the cumulative mortality for the other treatments did not exceed 50 %. When applied to inert surfaces, the powder formulation of diatomaceous earth demonstrated greater effectiveness than the aqueous suspension. Thus, diatomaceous earth could be a promising alternative for an environmentally friendly control of triatomines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Vargas-Abasolo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José D Rivera-Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Honduras
| | - Víctor Manuel Almaraz-Valle
- Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México 56230, Mexico
| | - Mario Mejia-Mandujano
- Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México 56230, Mexico
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Carretera Cuernavaca-Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos 62550, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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Rocha-Ortega M, Nava-Bolaños A, Córdoba-Aguilar A. Merging socioecological variables to predict risk of Chagas disease. Acta Trop 2024; 251:107098. [PMID: 38215899 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
How far are we from predicting the occurrence of zoonotic diseases? In this paper we have made use of both socioecological and ecological variables to predict Chagas disease occurrence. Chagas disease involves, Trypanosoma cruzi, a complex life-cycle parasite which requires two hosts: blood-feeding triatomine insects and vertebrate hosts including humans. We have used a common risk assessment method combined with datasets that imply critical environmental and socioeconomic drivers of Chagas dynamics to predict the occurrence of this disease. We also carried out a network analysis to assess the interactions among triatomines and mammal host species given their human contact via whether hunted, domesticated or associated with anthropogenic landscapes in Mexico. We found that social backwardness variation, lack of health services and altitude had the largest relative influence Chagas events. Triatoma pallidipennis made use of the largest host diversity. Host species shared by the highest number of different triatomines were a woodrat, the highly appreciated bushmeat, and racoon. These results indicate both the predominance of socio-economic factors over ecological ones, and how close we are from predicting zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rocha-Ortega
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. P. 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Angela Nava-Bolaños
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 76230, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. P. 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
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4
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Urbano P, Hernández C, Velásquez-Ortiz N, Ballesteros N, Páez-Triana L, Vega L, Urrea V, Ramírez A, Muñoz M, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, González C, Ramírez JD. Transmission ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi by Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviidae: Triatominae) infesting palm-tree species in the Colombian Orinoco, indicates risks to human populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011981. [PMID: 38377140 PMCID: PMC10906903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, affecting approximately eight million individuals in tropical regions, is primarily transmitted by vectors. Rhodnius prolixus, a triatomine vector, commonly inhabits in ecotopes with diverse palm tree species, creating optimal conditions for vector proliferation. This study aims to explore the transmission ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative parasite of Chagas disease, by investigating the feeding patterns and natural infection rates of R. prolixus specimens collected from various wild palm species in the Colombian Orinoco region. MATERIALS AND METHODS To achieve this objective, we sampled 35 individuals from three palm species (Attalea butyracea, Acrocomia aculeata, and Mauritia flexuosa) in a riparian forest in the Casanare department of eastern Colombia, totaling 105 sampled palm trees. DNA was extracted and analyzed from 115 R. prolixus specimens at different developmental stages using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for T. cruzi detection and identification of discrete typing units. Feeding preferences were determined by sequencing the 12S rRNA gene amplicon through next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 676 R. prolixus specimens were collected from the sampled palms. The study revealed variation in population densities and developmental stages of R. prolixus among palm tree species, with higher densities observed in A. butyracea and lower densities in M. flexuosa. TcI was the exclusive T. cruzi discrete typing unit (DTU) found, with infection frequency positively correlated with R. prolixus abundance. Insects captured in A. butyracea exhibited higher abundance and infection rates than those from other palm species. The feeding sources comprised 13 mammal species, showing no significant differences between palm species in terms of blood sources. However, Didelphis marsupialis and Homo sapiens were present in all examined R. prolixus, and Dasypus novemcinctus was found in 89.47% of the insects. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significance of wild palms, particularly A. butyracea, as a substantial risk factor for T. cruzi transmission to humans in these environments. High population densities and infection rates of R. prolixus were observed in each examined palm tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plutarco Urbano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia, Universidad Internacional del Trópico Americano (Unitrópico), Yopal, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Velásquez-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Ballesteros
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Páez-Triana
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Urrea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angie Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
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Orduña-Mayares D, Hernández-Camacho N, Escobedo-Ortegón FJ, Canché-Pool EB, Sosa-Gallegos SL, SalvadorZamora-Ledesma, ElenaVillagrán-Herrera M, Jones RW, Camacho-Macías B. Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in rodents in a peri-urban area of Central Mexico. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 35:100779. [PMID: 36184108 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rodents are one of the most relevant groups of mammals involved in the process of zoonotic disease transmission. Their ability to adapt to anthropized environments allows them to come into contact with humans with often negative consequences for the latter. The present study designed to detect the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in rodents living in the peri-urban area of Queretaro in central Mexico. This research was carried out during two seasons of collection of wild and domestic rodents, in three localities within the peri-urban area of the state of Queretaro. These collections were carried out during the dry season of February-May 2017 and in the rainy season of August-November 2017. Samples were obtained from the tail tip, from which DNA was purified using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit. End-point PCR was used for the identification of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. A total of 82 rodents were caught, represented in three families, six genera and seven species, of which 29 (35.3%) were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi; 13 (15.8%) for Leishmania spp.; and 12 individuals presented co-infection with both parasites (14.6%). This study confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in synanthropic rodents in the peri-urban area of Queretaro, where Chagas and Leishmaniosis diseases are not considered endemic. It is necessary to continue researching for the presence of vectors, as well as for the detection of diseases caused by parasites in humans and thus be able to confirm the transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in this central Mexican city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Orduña-Mayares
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Academic Body of Ecology and Faunal Diversity, The Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Norma Hernández-Camacho
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Academic Body of Ecology and Faunal Diversity, The Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier Escobedo-Ortegón
- Hideyo Noguchi Regional Research Centre, Academic Body of Ecological and Geographical Surveillance of Endemic, Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonoses in the Yucatan Peninsula, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Elsy Beatriz Canché-Pool
- Hideyo Noguchi Regional Research Centre, Academic Body of Ecological and Geographical Surveillance of Endemic, Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonoses in the Yucatan Peninsula, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Susana Lucía Sosa-Gallegos
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Academic Body of Integral Animal Improvement, The Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - SalvadorZamora-Ledesma
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Academic Body of Ecology and Faunal Diversity, The Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Robert W Jones
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Academic Body of Ecology and Faunal Diversity, The Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Brenda Camacho-Macías
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Academic Body of Ecology and Faunal Diversity, The Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
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Toward New Epidemiological Landscapes of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) Transmission under Future Human-Modified Land Cover and Climatic Change in Mexico. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7090221. [PMID: 36136632 PMCID: PMC9503189 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important yet neglected disease that represents a severe public health problem in the Americas. Although the alteration of natural habitats and climate change can favor the establishment of new transmission cycles for T. cruzi, the compound effect of human-modified landscapes and current climate change on the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi has until now received little attention. A better understanding of the relationship between these factors and T. cruzi presence is an important step towards finding ways to mitigate the future impact of this disease on human communities. Here, we assess how wild and domestic cycles of T. cruzi transmission are related to human-modified landscapes and climate conditions (LUCC-CC). Using a Bayesian datamining framework, we measured the correlations among the presence of T. cruzi transmission cycles (sylvatic, rural, and urban) and historical land use, land cover, and climate for the period 1985 to 2012. We then estimated the potential range changes of T. cruzi transmission cycles under future land-use and -cover change and climate change scenarios for 2050 and 2070 time-horizons, with respect to “green” (RCP 2.6), “business-as-usual” (RCP 4.5), and “worst-case” (RCP 8.5) scenarios, and four general circulation models. Our results show how sylvatic and domestic transmission cycles could have historically interacted through the potential exchange of wild triatomines (insect vectors of T. cruzi) and mammals carrying T. cruzi, due to the proximity of human settlements (urban and rural) to natural habitats. However, T. cruzi transmission cycles in recent times (i.e., 2011) have undergone a domiciliation process where several triatomines have colonized and adapted to human dwellings and domestic species (e.g., dogs and cats) that can be the main blood sources for these triatomines. Accordingly, Chagas disease could become an emerging health problem in urban areas. Projecting potential future range shifts of T. cruzi transmission cycles under LUCC-CC scenarios we found for RCP 2.6 no expansion of favourable conditions for the presence of T. cruzi transmission cycles. However, for RCP 4.5 and 8.5, a significant range expansion of T. cruzi could be expected. We conclude that if sustainable goals are reached by appropriate changes in socio-economic and development policies we can expect no increase in suitable habitats for T. cruzi transmission cycles.
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Dario MA, Furtado C, Lisboa CV, de Oliveira F, Santos FM, D’Andrea PS, Roque ALR, Xavier SCDC, Jansen AM. Trypanosomatid Richness Among Rats, Opossums, and Dogs in the Caatinga Biome, Northeast Brazil, a Former Endemic Area of Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851903. [PMID: 35795183 PMCID: PMC9251133 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites are important components of the immense n-dimensional trophic network that connects all living beings because they, among others, forge biodiversity and deeply influence ecological evolution and host behavior. In this sense, the influence of Trypanosomatidae remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine trypanosomatid infection and richness in rats, opossums, and dogs in the semiarid Caatinga biome. We submitted DNA samples from trypanosomatids obtained through axenic cultures of the blood of these mammals to mini exon multiplex-PCR, Sanger, and next-generation sequencing targeting the 18S rDNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify genetic diversity in the Trypanosomatidae family. Shannon, Simpson, equability, and beta-diversity indices were calculated per location and per mammalian host. Dogs were surveyed for trypanosomatid infection through hemocultures and serological assays. The examined mammal species of this area of the Caatinga biome exhibited an enormous trypanosomatid species/genotypes richness. Ten denoised Operational Taxonomic Units (ZOTUs), including three species (Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Crithidia mellificae) and one Trypanosoma sp. five genotypes/lineages (T. cruzi DTU TcI, TcII, and TcIV; T. rangeli A and B) and four DTU TcI haplotypes (ZOTU1, ZOTU2, ZOTU5, and ZOTU10 merged), as well as 13 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), including five species (T. cruzi, T. rangeli, C. mellificae, Trypanosoma dionisii, and Trypanosoma lainsoni), five genotypes/lineages (same as the ZOTUs) and six DTU TcI haplotypes (ASV, ASV1, ASV2, ASV3, ASV5 and ASV13), were identified in single and mixed infections. We observed that trypanosomatids present a broad host spectrum given that species related to a single host are found in other mammals from different taxa. Concomitant infections between trypanosomatids and new host-parasite relationships have been reported, and this immense diversity in mammals raised questions, such as how this can influence the course of the infection in these animals and its transmissibility. Dogs demonstrated a high infection rate by T. cruzi as observed by positive serological results (92% in 2005 and 76% in 2007). The absence of positive parasitological tests confirmed their poor infectivity potential but their importance as sentinel hosts of T. cruzi transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augusta Dario
- Trypanosomatid Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Augusta Dario,
| | - Carolina Furtado
- Genetic Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Varella Lisboa
- Trypanosomatid Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Oliveira
- Trypanosomatid Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martins Santos
- Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability Postgraduation, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio D’Andrea
- Wild Mammal Reservoirs Biology and Parasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Roque
- Trypanosomatid Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Trypanosomatid Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Benítez-Villa GE, López-Monteon A, Waleckx E, Dumonteil E, Márquez-Fernández AJ, Rovirosa-Hernández MJ, Orduña-García F, Guzmán-Gómez D, Ramos-Ligonio A. Presence of Anti-T. cruzi Antibodies in Inhabitants and Dogs of Two Rural Settlements in the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1136-1144. [PMID: 35536427 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with house infestation by Triatoma dimidiata as well as with Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans and owned dogs in two rural communities from the municipality of Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico. METHODS One hundred and 16 human blood samples and 34 dog blood samples were collected. The presence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies was determined using four different ELISA assays. Moreover, reactive ELISA sera from humans and dogs were processed by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) to confirm the presence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies. RESULTS Serologic tests for T. cruzi infection showed a prevalence of 5.1% (6/116) in humans and of 50% (17/34) in owned dogs. CONCLUSION The presence of animals (dogs, chickens and wild animals), as well as some characteristics of house construction were identified as risk factors for infestation and infection. Complementary studies must be carried out to allow a better understanding of the transmission dynamics in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, and the implementation of adequate control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Benítez-Villa
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - A López-Monteon
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México
| | - E Waleckx
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 #613 x 96, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97225, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement, UMR INTERTRYP IRD, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - E Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A J Márquez-Fernández
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México
| | | | - F Orduña-García
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - D Guzmán-Gómez
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México
| | - A Ramos-Ligonio
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México.
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Velázquez-Ramírez DD, Pérez de Léon AA, Ochoa-Díaz-López H. Review of American Trypanosomiasis in Southern Mexico Highlights Opportunity for Surveillance Research to Advance Control Through the One Health Approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:838949. [PMID: 35372189 PMCID: PMC8964530 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.838949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adalberto A Pérez de Léon
- USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, United States.,Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, Kerrville, TX, United States
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10
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Blohm L, De Sousa JL, Roschman-González A, Ferrer E, Morocoima A, Herrera L. Domiciliation and sympatry of Triatoma maculata and Rhodnius prolixus, risk of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in villages of Anzoátegui, Venezuela. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:37-46. [PMID: 35299905 PMCID: PMC8901844 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The domiciliation of Triatoma maculata and Rhodnius prolixus and the entomological risk indicators for the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, an etiological agent of Chagas Disease-CD, were studied in rural villages of Anzoátegui state, Venezuela. Nightly home visits were made for 4 months/year, for 2 years, to search for and capture triatomines in human settlements. For six of the evaluated villages, 16.4% (11/67) of houses were found with triatomine infestation; obtaining 151 triatomines in all their ontogenetic stages, of which 54.3% (82/151) corresponded to T. maculata and 45.7% (69/151) to R. prolixus. In 7.5% of the evaluated houses, both species were presented in sympatry. Entomological indicators of transmission risk were higher for T. maculata in relation to R. prolixus. Inoculation of fecal flagellates of triatomines produced 2.92 × 105 flagellates/mL of blood in mean and 100% mortality in the murine model. Molecular tests (satellite DNA, kDNA and DTUs studies) demonstrated the presence of T. cruzi, all compatible with TcI. The food source determined by IESPA, revealed that R. prolixus showed less eclecticism in relation to T. maculata in the use of blood sources. This could be an indicator of an older domiciliation with low dispersion between ecotopes. The sympatry of T. maculata and R. prolixus had been recorded in natural niches, but for the first time it is recorded inside the houses in rural villages of the Anzoátegui state. Human dwellings can constitute an adequate niche, with available food sources for both triatomines species and with the risk of establishing AT/CD as zoonosis or zooanthroponosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Blohm
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, Estado Anzoátegui Venezuela
| | - J. L. De Sousa
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, Estado Anzoátegui Venezuela
| | - A. Roschman-González
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - E. Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso” (BIOMED), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Estado Aragua Venezuela ,Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Estado Aragua Venezuela
| | - A. Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, Estado Anzoátegui Venezuela
| | - L. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biología de Vectores y Parásitos, Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1041 DF Venezuela
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11
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Lozano-Arias D, García-Alzate R, Tineo E, Viettri M, Mendoza-León A, Aguilar CM, Morocoima A, Ferrer E, Herrera L. Ecopathogenic complexes of American trypanosomiasis in endemic areas of Venezuela: Diagnosis and variability of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Vector Borne Dis 2021; 58:18-27. [PMID: 34818859 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.321749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis, has been reported in 180 mammalian species and 154 triatomines species of Neotropic. This is a clonal parasite with variable biological behaviour, associated with the genetics of the parasite and its hosts. To know the eco-pathogenic complex of this zoonosis, it was proposed to characterize T. cruzi isolates obtained from triatomines and domestic, peridomestic and wild mammals of the eastern and central-western regions of Venezuela. METHODS The positivity to T. cruzi was established and the isolates were genetically characterized by PCR amplification of the mini-exon gene, the DNA coding for 24Sa and 18S rRNA, and polymorphic sequences-RFLPs. The sampling sites were georeferenced using the MapSource Software and ArcGis 9.3 programs to generate distribution maps of the isolates. RESULTS Of the 460 hosts (205 triatomines and 255 mammals), 49% were positive for the parasite. On the other hand, 38 isolates obtained from the triatomines and 23 isolates obtained from mammals were evaluated. The TcI genotype predominated in most of the isolates; however, in those obtained from triatomines the presence of the TcIII genotype in single infections and TcI + TcIII or TcI + TcIV in mixed infections was also evidenced. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION There is a possibility that the triatomines act as biological syringes for these genotypes associated exclusively to them. The heterogeneity in T. cruzi isolates demonstrated the complexity of parasitosis in these regions, presenting its control and prevention as a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Lozano-Arias
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela; Fundación Universitaria Sanmartín. Sede Puerto Colombia. Atlántico-Colombia
| | - Roberto García-Alzate
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela; Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Evelyn Tineo
- Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas. la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador (UPEL), Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Alexis Mendoza-León
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Cruz M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
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12
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Joselín DV, Ignacio M, Ángel RM, Gabriel GG, Rodrigo Isaias LV, Víctor SC, Jorge FN, Jose ÁC, Bertha E. Multiple Discrete Typing Units of Trypanosoma cruzi Infect Sylvatic Triatoma dimidiata and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus in Southeast Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:1042-1049. [PMID: 34398820 PMCID: PMC8592174 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. According to its genetic characteristics, this parasite is divided into six groups (TcI-TcVI) called discrete typing units (DTUs). Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted to humans by insects of the Triatominae family. In Mexico, despite having a great variety of triatomine species, little is known about vector sylvatic populations and the DTUs associated with them. In this work, molecular markers such as minicircle, miniexon, 18S, and 24S ribosomal genes and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the hsp70 gene were used to determine the DTUs present in vectors from rural communities and sylvatic areas inside the Biosphere Reserve Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, in southeast Mexico. One hundred triatomines were collected and two species were identified: Triatoma dimidiata and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus. The infection with T. cruzi was determined in 29% of analyzed vectors from the domestic area and TcI was the predominant DTU. Furthermore, 71% of vectors from the sylvatic environment were infected and TcI, TcII, TcIV, and TcVI were identified. One female and one male of P. rufotuberculatus were infected only with TcI. This is the first report of TcVI in T. dimidiata from the sylvatic area in México and the first report of P. rufotuberculatus infected with T. cruzi in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Díaz-Valdez Joselín
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martínez Ignacio
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodríguez-Moreno Ángel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Sánchez-Cordero Víctor
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fraga-Nodarse Jorge
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ángeles-Chimal Jose
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Espinoza Bertha
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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13
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Moo-Llanes DA, Montes de Oca-Aguilar AC, Rodríguez-Rojas JJ. Pattern of climate connectivity and equivalent niche of Triatominae species of the Phyllosoma complex. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 34:440-451. [PMID: 32697402 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Phyllosoma complex is a Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) group of medical importance involved in Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) transmission. Most of the members of this group are endemic and sympatric species with distribution in Mexico and the southern U.S.A. We employed MaxEnt to construct ecological niche models of nine species of Triatominae to test three hypothesis: (a) whether species with a broad climatic niche breadth occupy a broader geographical range than species with a narrow climatic breadth, (b) whether species with broad distribution present high degree of climatic fragmentation/isolation, which was tested through landscape metrics; and (c) whether the species share the same climatic niche space (niche conservatism) considered through an equivalence test implemented in ENMtools. Overall, our results suggest that the geographical distribution of this complex is influenced mainly by temperature seasonality where all suitable areas are places of current and potential transmission of T. cruzi. Niche breadth in the Phyllosoma complex is associated with the geographical distribution range, and the geographical range affects the climatic connectivity. We found no strong evidence of niche climatic divergence in members of this complex. We discuss the epidemiological implications of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), 19 Poniente, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico
| | | | - J J Rodríguez-Rojas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Unidad de Patógenos Emergentes y Vectores, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico
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14
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Ghersi BM, Peterson AC, Gibson NL, Dash A, Elmayan A, Schwartzenburg H, Tu W, Riegel C, Herrera C, Blum MJ. In the heart of the city: Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence in rodents across New Orleans. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:577. [PMID: 33189151 PMCID: PMC7666460 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi - the causative agent of Chagas disease - is known to circulate in commensal pests, but its occurrence in urban environments is not well understood. We addressed this deficit by determining the distribution and prevalence of T. cruzi infection in urban populations of commensal and wild rodents across New Orleans (Louisiana, USA). We assessed whether T. cruzi prevalence varies according to host species identity and species co-occurrences, and whether T. cruzi prevalence varies across mosaics of abandonment that shape urban rodent demography and assemblage structure in the city. METHODS Leveraging city-wide population and assemblage surveys, we tested 1428 rodents comprising 5 species (cotton rats, house mice, Norway rats, rice rats and roof rats) captured at 98 trapping sites in 11 study areas across New Orleans including nine residential neighborhoods and a natural area in Orleans Parish and a neighborhood in St. Bernard Parish. We also assayed Norway rats at one site in Baton Rouge (Louisiana, USA). We used chi-square tests to determine whether infection prevalence differed among host species, among study areas, and among trapping sites according to the number of host species present. We used generalized linear mixed models to identify predictors of T. cruzi infection for all rodents and each host species, respectively. RESULTS We detected T. cruzi in all host species in all study areas in New Orleans, but not in Baton Rouge. Though overall infection prevalence was 11%, it varied by study area and trapping site. There was no difference in prevalence by species, but roof rats exhibited the broadest geographical distribution of infection across the city. Infected rodents were trapped in densely populated neighborhoods like the French Quarter. Infection prevalence seasonally varied with abandonment, increasing with greater abandonment during the summer and declining with greater abandonment during the winter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate that T. cruzi can be widespread in urban landscapes, suggesting that transmission and disease risk is greater than is currently recognized. Our findings also suggest that there is disproportionate risk of transmission in historically underserved communities, which could reinforce long-standing socioecological disparities in New Orleans and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Ghersi
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Anna C. Peterson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Gibson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Asha Dash
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Ardem Elmayan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Hannah Schwartzenburg
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Weihong Tu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Claudia Riegel
- City of New Orleans Mosquito, Termite, Rodent Control Board, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Michael J. Blum
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
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15
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Córdoba-Aguilar A. Chagas bugs and trypanosoma cruzi: Puppets and puppeteer? Acta Trop 2020; 211:105600. [PMID: 32592685 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A widely accepted idea in parasite-host relationships is that the former manipulates the latter so that it increases its own success. In the case of complex life cycles, this means that the parasite is able to manipulate the first host which allows its transmission to the second host. In this paper, I formalize the idea that this may be the case for the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite and its vectors, bugs of the subfamily Triatominae. I discuss the sources of existing evidence and propose some types of manipulation. This manipulation could also occur in the second host, that is, a vertebrate. Here, I emphasize humans and domesticated animals. I also discuss how global change and insecticide resistance may drive the arms race between both, triatomines and T. cruzi, and host manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. P. 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, México.
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16
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Velásquez-Ortiz N, Ramírez JD. Understanding the oral transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi as a veterinary and medical foodborne zoonosis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:448-461. [PMID: 32781335 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease transmitted by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi that lately has been highlighted because several outbreaks attributed to oral transmission of the parasite have occurred. These outbreaks are characterized by high mortality rates and massive infections that cannot be related to other types of transmission such as the vectorial route. Oral transmission of Chagas disease has been reported in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina and French Guiana, most of them are massive oral outbreaks caused by the ingestion of beverages and food contaminated with triatomine feces or parasites' reservoirs secretions and considered since 2012 as a foodborne disease. In this review, we present the current status and all available data regarding oral transmission of Chagas disease, highlighting its relevance as a veterinary and medical foodborne zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Velásquez-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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17
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Cruz DD, Nava-García E, Arellano E. An improved and low-cost protocol for high-quality DNA isolation for the Chagas disease vectors. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 80:104201. [PMID: 31972328 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An improved protocol for DNA extraction for the Chagas disease vectors is proposed based on modification to a low cost method described twenty years ago. Quality DNA and high molecular weight were obtained from all samples. NADH-4 gene was successfully amplified by PCR using the isolated DNA. The extraction protocol presented in this technical note is a fast, low-cost, and non-aggressive method to human health for obtaining genetic data from this group of epidemiological importance and potentially other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl David Cruz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Nava-García
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Arellano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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18
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Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE, Zandberg WF, Zenteno E, Rodríguez MH, Espinoza B, Lowenberger C. Glycosylation on proteins of the intestine and perimicrovillar membrane of Triatoma (Meccus) pallidipennis, under different feeding conditions. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:796-808. [PMID: 29446564 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, interacts with molecules in the midgut of its insect vector to multiply and reach the infective stage. Many studies suggest that the parasite binds to midgut-specific glycans. We identified several glycoproteins expressed in the intestine and perimicrovillar membrane (PMM) of Triatoma (Meccus) pallidipennis under different feeding conditions. In order to assess changes in protein-linked glycans, we performed lectin and immunoblot analyses on glycoprotein extracts from these intestinal tissues using well-characterized lectins, and an antibody, which collectively recognize a wide range of different glycans epitopes. We observed that the amount and composition of proteins and glycoproteins associated with different glycans structures changed over time in the intestines and PMM under different physiological conditions. PMM extracts contained a wide variety of glycoproteins with different sugar residues, including abundant high-mannose and complex sialylated glycans. We propose that these molecules could be involved in the process of parasite-vector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Gutiérrez-Cabrera
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Mario H Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Bertha Espinoza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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19
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Morand S, Blasdell K, Bordes F, Buchy P, Carcy B, Chaisiri K, Chaval Y, Claude J, Cosson JF, Desquesnes M, Jittapalapong S, Jiyipong T, Karnchanabanthoen A, Pornpan P, Rolain JM, Tran A. Changing landscapes of Southeast Asia and rodent-borne diseases: decreased diversity but increased transmission risks. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01886. [PMID: 30986339 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in biodiversity from land use change due to urbanization and agricultural intensification appears to be linked to major epidemiological changes in many human diseases. Increasing disease risks and the emergence of novel pathogens result from increased contact among wildlife, domesticated animals, and humans. We investigated the relationship between human alteration of the environment and the occurrence of generalist and synanthropic rodent species in relation to the diversity and prevalence of rodent-borne pathogens in Southeast Asia, a hotspot of threatened and endangered species, and a foci of emerging infectious diseases. We used data from an extensive pathogen survey of rodents from seven sites in mainland Southeast Asia in conjunction with past and present land cover analyses. At low spatial resolutions, we found that rodent-borne pathogen richness is negatively associated with increasing urbanization, characterized by increased habitat fragmentation, agriculture cover and deforestation. However, at a finer spatial resolution, we found that some major pathogens are favored by environmental characteristics associated with human alteration including irrigation, habitat fragmentation, and increased agricultural land cover. In addition, synanthropic rodents, many of which are important pathogen reservoirs, were associated with fragmented and human-dominated landscapes, which may ultimately enhance the opportunities for zoonotic transmission and human infection by some pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Morand
- CNRS - CIRAD, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchavithi Road, Ratchathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kim Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Frédéric Bordes
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS-IRD-UM2, Université de Montpellier, 35095, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Gateway West, 150 Beach Road, Singapore City, 189720, Singapore
| | - Bernard Carcy
- LBCM/EA4558 VAP, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kittipong Chaisiri
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchavithi Road, Ratchathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yannick Chaval
- Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Julien Claude
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS-IRD-UM2, Université de Montpellier, 35095, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Cosson
- BIPAR-INRA Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, ENVA Maisons Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Marc Desquesnes
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- CIRAD-Bios, UMR17 InterTryp, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | | | - Tawisa Jiyipong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- URMITE CNRS INSERM IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Anamika Karnchanabanthoen
- LBCM/EA4558 VAP, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pumhom Pornpan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- URMITE CNRS INSERM IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, F-34093, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
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20
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Erazo D, Gottdenker NL, González C, Guhl F, Cuellar M, Kieran TJ, Glenn TC, Umaña JD, Cordovez J. Generalist host species drive Trypanosoma cruzi vector infection in oil palm plantations in the Orinoco region, Colombia. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:274. [PMID: 31138275 PMCID: PMC6540391 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil palm plantation establishment in Colombia has the potential to impact Chagas disease transmission by increasing the distribution range of Rhodnius prolixus. In fact, previous studies have reported Trypanosoma cruzi natural infection in R. prolixus captured in oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) in the Orinoco region, Colombia. The aim of this study is to understand T. cruzi infection in vectors in oil palm plantations relative to community composition and host dietary specialization by analyzing vector blood meals and comparing these results to vectors captured in a native palm tree species, Attalea butyracea. METHODS Rhodnius prolixus nymphs (n = 316) were collected from A. butyracea and E. guineensis palms in Tauramena, Casanare, Colombia. Vector blood meals from these nymphs were determined by amplifying and sequencing a vertebrate-specific 12S rRNA gene fragment. RESULTS Eighteen vertebrate species were identified and pigs (Sus scrofa) made up the highest proportion of blood meals in both habitats, followed by house mouse (Mus musculus) and opossum (Didelphis marsupialis). Individual bugs feeding only from generalist mammal species had the highest predicted vector infection rate, suggesting that generalist mammalian species are more competent hosts for T. cruzi infection . CONCLUSIONS Oil palm plantations and A. butyracea palms found in altered areas provide a similar quality habitat for R. prolixus populations in terms of blood meal availability. Both habitats showed similarities in vector infection rate and potential host species, representing a single T. cruzi transmission scenario at the introduced oil palm plantation and native Attalea palm interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Erazo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Nicole L. Gottdenker
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Monica Cuellar
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Biomédica (GIB), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Travis C. Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Juan D. Umaña
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Juan Cordovez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
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21
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Villalobos G, Nava-Bolaños A, De Fuentes-Vicente JA, Téllez-Rendón JL, Huerta H, Martínez-Hernández F, Rocha-Ortega M, Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Córdoba-Aguilar A. A reduction in ecological niche for Trypanosoma cruzi-infected triatomine bugs. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:240. [PMID: 31097007 PMCID: PMC6524312 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Theory predicts that parasites can affect and thus drive their hosts’ niche. Testing this prediction is key, especially for vector-borne diseases including Chagas disease. Here, we examined the niche use of seven triatomine species that occur in Mexico, based on whether they are infected or not with Trypanosoma cruzi, the vectors and causative parasites of Chagas disease, respectively. Presence data for seven species of triatomines (Triatoma barberi, T. dimidiata, T. longipennis, T. mazzottii, T. pallidipennis, T. phyllosoma and T. picturata) were used and divided into populations infected and not infected by T. cruzi. Species distribution models were generated with Maxent 3.3.3k. Using distribution models, niche analysis tests of amplitude and distance to centroids were carried out for infected vs non-infected populations within species. Results Infected populations of bugs of six out of the seven triatomine species showed a reduced ecological space compared to non-infected populations. In all but one case (T. pallidipennis), the niche used by infected populations was close to the niche centroid of its insect host. Conclusions Trypanosoma cruzi may have selected for a restricted niche amplitude in triatomines, although we are unaware of the underlying reasons. Possibly the fact that T. cruzi infection bears a fitness cost for triatomines is what narrows the niche breadth of the insects. Our results imply that Chagas control programmes should consider whether bugs are infected in models of triatomine distribution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3489-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiehdani Villalobos
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angela Nava-Bolaños
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José A De Fuentes-Vicente
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Juan Luis Téllez-Rendón
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Herón Huerta
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Maya Rocha-Ortega
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana E Gutiérrez-Cabrera
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Mérida, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Genetic variation and phylogeography of the Triatoma dimidiata complex evidence a potential center of origin and recent divergence of haplogroups having differential Trypanosoma cruzi and DTU infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007044. [PMID: 30689662 PMCID: PMC6366694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The population genetics of Triatoma dimidiata haplogroups was analyzed at landscape and sub-regional scales in Chiapas and regional level across the Mexican Neotropics, and phylogeography of the complex was re-analyzed across its complete geographic range. Two contiguous fragments of the ND4 gene were analyzed due to bias from differential haplogroup specificity using a previously designed sequence. At both landscape (anthropic modification gradient) and regional (demographic, fragmentation, biogeographic, climate) scales, lowest T. dimidiata genetic diversity occurs where there is greatest historical anthropic modification, and where T. cruzi infection prevalence is significantly highest. Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence was significantly higher than expected in haplogroups 1 and 3, while lower than expected in haplogroup 2. There was also a significant difference of DTUI and DTUVI infection frequencies in both haplogroups 1 and 3, while no difference of either in haplogroup 2. All haplogroups from the Mexican Neotropics had moderate to high haplotype diversity, while greatest genetic differentiation was between haplogroups 1 and 3 (above FST = 0.868, p < 0.0001). Divergence of the complex from the MRCA was estimated between 0.97 MYA (95% HPD interval = 0.55–1.53 MYA) and 0.85 MYA (95% HPD interval = 0.42–1.5 MYA) for ND4A and both concatenated fragments, respectively, with primary divergence from the MRCA of haplogroups 2 and 3. Effective population size for Mexican haplogroups 1 and 2 increased between 0.02 and 0.03 MYA. This study supports previous ecological niche evidence for the complex´s origin surrounding the Tehuantepec Isthmus, and provides evidence for recent divergence of three primary dimidiata haplogroups, with differential T. cruzi infection frequency and DTU specificity, important components of vector capacity. Triatoma dimidiata is one of the broadest distributed triatomine species´ complexes transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi. In Mexico, three haplogroups of the T. dimidiata complex have been reported and all are primary vectors of Chagas disease south of the Tehuantepec Isthmus. Given their epidemiological importance, the question arises whether haplogroups have similar genetic diversity in domestic/modified landscapes, as well as infection characteristics and parasite DTU associations, key components of vector capacity. The aim of the present study was to analyze Triatoma dimidiata population genetics across landscapes, sub-regional, regional, and global Neotropical realm scales, using two contiguous fragments of the ND4 gene. Our results support previous evidence for the complex´s origin surrounding the Tehuantepec Isthmus, and provides evidence for recent divergence of three principal dimidiata haplogroups and significant secondary divergence within each. Differential T. cruzi prevalence and Discrete Typing Unit (DTU) specificity for individual haplogroups provide evidence for potential differential vector capacity within the complex in Mexico.
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23
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Yefi-Quinteros E, Muñoz-San Martín C, Bacigalupo A, Correa JP, Cattan PE. Trypanosoma cruzi load in synanthropic rodents from rural areas in Chile. Parasit Vectors 2018. [PMID: 29530074 PMCID: PMC5848452 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi is the agent of Chagas disease, a major public health problem in Latin America. Many wild and domestic animals are naturally infected with T. cruzi; rodents are one of the groups which have been consistently detected infected in different countries. The aim of this work was to characterize blood T. cruzi load in naturally infected rodents from a Chagas disease endemic region in Chile. METHODS Baited traps were set in domestic and peridomestic areas of rural dwellings. The rodents were anesthetized and blood sampled; DNA was extracted and the parasite load was quantified by T. cruzi satellite DNA real-time PCR assays. RESULTS Seventy-one rodents of four species, Rattus rattus, Mus musculus, Phyllotis darwini and Octodon degus, were captured; R. rattus was the most abundant species. Fifty-nine samples (83.1%) were T. cruzi-positive and the median value of the parasite load was 2.99 parasite equivalents (par-eq)/ml. The comparison of frequency of infection or parasite load by species showed no differences. However, one R. rattus presented very elevated parasitemia (1644 par-eq/ml). CONCLUSIONS The overall levels of parasitemia were similar to those found in humans in Chile. The high infection levels in exotic and endemic rodents very near to rural settlements increases their relevance as T. cruzi hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Yefi-Quinteros
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Muñoz-San Martín
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonella Bacigalupo
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juana P Correa
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro E Cattan
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Carmona-Castro O, Moo-Llanes DA, Ramsey JM. Impact of climate change on vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) in North America. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 32:84-101. [PMID: 28887895 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can influence the geographical range of the ecological niche of pathogens by altering biotic interactions with vectors and reservoirs. The distributions of 20 epidemiologically important triatomine species in North America were modelled, comparing the genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (GARP) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt), with or without topographical variables. Potential shifts in transmission niche for Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) (Chagas, 1909) were analysed for 2050 and 2070 in Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5. There were no significant quantitative range differences between the GARP and MaxEnt models, but GARP models best represented known distributions for most species [partial-receiver operating characteristic (ROC) > 1]; elevation was an important variable contributing to the ecological niche model (ENM). There was little difference between niche breadth projections for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5; the majority of species shifted significantly in both periods. Those species with the greatest current distribution range are expected to have the greatest shifts. Positional changes in the centroid, although reduced for most species, were associated with latitude. A significant increase or decrease in mean niche elevation is expected principally for Neotropical 1 species. The impact of climate change will be specific to each species, its biogeographical region and its latitude. North American triatomines with the greatest current distribution ranges (Nearctic 2 and Nearctic/Neotropical) will have the greatest future distribution shifts. Significant shifts (increases or decreases) in mean elevation over time are projected principally for the Neotropical species with the broadest current distributions. Changes in the vector exposure threat to the human population were significant for both future periods, with a 1.48% increase for urban populations and a 1.76% increase for rural populations in 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Carmona-Castro
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - D A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Mexico
| | - J M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Mexico
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25
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May-Concha IJ, Cruz-López LC, Rojas JC, Ramsey JM. "Sweeter than a rose", at least to Triatoma phyllosoma complex males (Triatominae: Reduviidae). Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:95. [PMID: 29454375 PMCID: PMC5816367 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Triatoma phyllosoma complex of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors (Triatominae: Reduviidae) is distributed in both Neotropical and Nearctic bioregions of Mexico. METHODS Volatile organic compounds emitted by disturbed Triatoma longipennis, Triatoma pallidipennis and Triatoma phyllosoma, and from their Brindley's and metasternal glands, were identified using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Disturbed bugs and the metasternal glands from T. phyllosoma released or had significantly fewer compounds than T. longipennis and T. pallidipennis. Isobutyric acid was the most abundant compound secreted by disturbed bugs of the three species, while Brindley's glands of all species produced another four compounds: propanoic acid, isobutyric acid, pentyl butanoate, and 2-methyl hexanoic acid. Two novel compounds, both rose oxide isomers, were produced in MGs and released only by disturbed females of all three species, making this the first report in Triatominae of these monoterpenes. The principal compound in MGs of both sexes of T. longipennis and T. phyllosoma was 3-methyl-2-hexanone, while cis-rose oxide was the principal compound in T. pallidipennis females. The major components in male effluvia of T. pallidipennis were 2-decanol and 3-methyl-2-hexanone. CONCLUSION Discriminant analysis of volatile organic compounds was significant, separating the three species and was consistent with morphological and genetic evidence for species distinctions within the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving J. May-Concha
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Triatominos, Centro de Referencia de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación (CeReVe), Hospital Colonia, Pabellón Rawson calle s, /n Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leopoldo C. Cruz-López
- Grupo de Ecología y Manejo de Artrópodos, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - Julio C. Rojas
- Grupo de Ecología y Manejo de Artrópodos, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - Janine M. Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
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26
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Ghawar W, Pascalis H, Bettaieb J, Mélade J, Gharbi A, Snoussi MA, Laouini D, Goodman SM, Ben Salah A, Dellagi K. Insight into the global evolution of Rodentia associated Morbilli-related paramyxoviruses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1974. [PMID: 28512347 PMCID: PMC5434063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One portion of the family Paramyxoviridae is a group of Unclassified Morbilli-Related Viruses (UMRV) recently recognized in wild small mammals. At a global level, the evolutionary history of these viruses is not properly understood and the relationships between UMRV and their hosts still remain largely unstudied. The present study revealed, for the first time, that Rodentia associated UMRV emerged from a common ancestor in southern Africa more than 4000 years ago. Sequenced UMRV originating from different regions in the world, clustered into four well-supported viral lineages, which suggest that strain diversification occurred during host dispersal and associated exchanges, with purifying selection pressure as the principal evolutionary force. In addition, multi-introductions on different continents and islands of Rodentia associated UMRV and spillover between rodent species, most probably Rattus rattus, were detected and indicate that these animals are implicated in the vectoring and in the worldwide emergence of this virus group. The natural history and the evolution dynamics of these zoonotic viruses, originating from and hosted by wild animals, are most likely shaped by commensalism related to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissem Ghawar
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France. .,Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Hervé Pascalis
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France. .,Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France.
| | - Jihéne Bettaieb
- Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Julien Mélade
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Adel Gharbi
- Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Snoussi
- Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhafer Laouini
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA.,Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Afif Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Koussay Dellagi
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
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27
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Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Valiente-Banuet L, Sánchez-Cordero V, Stephens CR, Ramsey JM. Trypanosoma cruzi reservoir-triatomine vector co-occurrence networks reveal meta-community effects by synanthropic mammals on geographic dispersal. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3152. [PMID: 28413725 PMCID: PMC5391790 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary patterns of land use and global climate change are modifying regional pools of parasite host species. The impact of host community changes on human disease risk, however, is difficult to assess due to a lack of information about zoonotic parasite host assemblages. We have used a recently developed method to infer parasite-host interactions for Chagas Disease (CD) from vector-host co-occurrence networks. Vector-host networks were constructed to analyze topological characteristics of the network and ecological traits of species’ nodes, which could provide information regarding parasite regional dispersal in Mexico. Twenty-eight triatomine species (vectors) and 396 mammal species (potential hosts) were included using a data-mining approach to develop models to infer most-likely interactions. The final network contained 1,576 links which were analyzed to calculate centrality, connectivity, and modularity. The model predicted links of independently registered Trypanosoma cruzi hosts, which correlated with the degree of parasite-vector co-occurrence. Wiring patterns differed according to node location, while edge density was greater in Neotropical as compared to Nearctic regions. Vectors with greatest public health importance (i.e., Triatoma dimidiata, T. barberi, T. pallidipennis, T. longipennis, etc), did not have stronger links with particular host species, although they had a greater frequency of significant links. In contrast, hosts classified as important based on network properties were synanthropic mammals. The latter were the most common parasite hosts and are likely bridge species between these communities, thereby integrating meta-community scenarios beneficial for long-range parasite dispersal. This was particularly true for rodents, >50% of species are synanthropic and more than 20% have been identified as T. cruzi hosts. In addition to predicting potential host species using the co-occurrence networks, they reveal regions with greater expected parasite mobility. The Neotropical region, which includes the Mexican south and southeast, and the Transvolcanic belt, had greatest potential active T. cruzi dispersal, as well as greatest edge density. This information could be directly applied for stratification of transmission risk and to design and analyze human-infected vector contact intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios de Avanzados (Cinvestav) del IPN Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Leopoldo Valiente-Banuet
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Christopher R Stephens
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
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Understanding transmissibility patterns of Chagas disease through complex vector–host networks. Parasitology 2017; 144:760-772. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYChagas disease is one of the most important vector-borne zoonotic diseases in Latin America. Control strategies could be improved if transmissibility patterns of its aetiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, were better understood. To understand transmissibility patterns of Chagas disease in Mexico, we inferred potential vectors and hosts of T. cruzi from geographic distributions of nine species of Triatominae and 396 wild mammal species, respectively. The most probable vectors and hosts of T. cruzi were represented in a Complex Inference Network, from which we formulated a predictive model and several associated hypotheses about the ecological epidemiology of Chagas disease. We compiled a list of confirmed mammal hosts to test our hypotheses. Our tests allowed us to predict the most important potential hosts of T. cruzi and to validate the model showing that the confirmed hosts were those predicted to be the most important hosts. We were also able to predict differences in the transmissibility of T. cruzi among triatomine species from spatial data. We hope our findings help drive efforts for future experimental studies.
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Hodo CL, Bertolini NR, Bernal JC, VandeBerg JL, Hamer SA. Lack of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Urban Roof Rats ( Rattus rattus) at a Texas Facility Housing Naturally Infected Nonhuman Primates. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2017; 56:57-62. [PMID: 28905716 PMCID: PMC5250496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, uses kissing bugs as a vector, and is maintained in nature by a variety of wildlife reservoirs. Many natural cases of Chagas disease have been reported in NHP at facilities across the southern United States, where infected vectors and wildlife occur. Infection of NHP with T. cruzi can diminish their value as research models and lead to health problems and death. Identifying the modes of transmission and role of wildlife reservoirs in these facilities is therefore critical to guide interventions to reduce transmission. Here we investigated the role of roof rats (Rattus rattus), the most abundant nuisance species at a primate facility in San Antonio, in the maintenance and transmission of T. cruzi. The hearts and blood from the carcasses of the 145 rats collected underwent 2 independent PCR assays for detection of T. cruzi and other trypanosomes. The 145 hearts and 61 blood samples were all negative for T. cruzi. This population sample of 145 subjects would allow the detection of disease prevalence of 0.020 with a confidence level of 95%. The limited active vector surveillance efforts by our team combined with passive surveillance by facility personnel yielded no kissing bugs during the study period. Our results suggest that roof rats are unlikely to be important local reservoirs of T. cruzi at this facility. Further investigation of transmission dynamics across multiple years and more comprehensive vector surveillance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Hodo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole R Bertolini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - John C Bernal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - John L VandeBerg
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville-Harlingen-Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah A Hamer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Izeta-Alberdi A, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Moo-Llanes DA, Ramsey JM. Geographical, landscape and host associations of Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs and lineages. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:631. [PMID: 27923409 PMCID: PMC5142175 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The evolutionary history and ecological associations of Trypanosoma cruzi, the need to identify genetic markers that can distinguish parasite subpopulations, and understanding the parasite’s evolutionary and selective processes have been the subject of a significant number of publications since 1998, the year when the first DNA sequence analysis for the species was published. Methods The current analysis systematizes and re-analyzes this original research, focusing on critical methodological and analytical variables and results that have given rise to interpretations of putative patterns of genetic diversity and diversification of T. cruzi lineages, discrete typing units (DTUs), and populations, and their associations with hosts, vectors, and geographical distribution that have been interpreted as evidence for parasite subpopulation specificities. Results Few studies use hypothesis-driven or quantitative analysis for T. cruzi phylogeny (16/58 studies) or phylogeography (10/13). Among these, only one phylogenetic and five phylogeographic studies analyzed molecular markers directly from tissues (i.e. not from isolates). Analysis of T. cruzi DTU or lineage niche and its geographical projection demonstrate extensive sympatry among all clades across the continent and no significant niche differences among DTUs. DTU beta-diversity was high, indicating diverse host assemblages across regions, while host dissimilarity was principally due to host species turnover and to a much lesser degree to nestedness. DTU-host order specificities appear related to trophic or microenvironmental interactions. Conclusions More rigorous study designs and analyses will be required to discern evolutionary processes and the impact of landscape modification on population dynamics and risk for T. cruzi transmission to humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1918-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - David A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
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Trypanosome species, including Trypanosoma cruzi, in sylvatic and peridomestic bats of Texas, USA. Acta Trop 2016; 164:259-266. [PMID: 27647574 PMCID: PMC5107337 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to other mammalian reservoirs, many bat species migrate long-distances and have the potential to introduce exotic pathogens to new areas. Bats have long been associated with blood-borne protozoal trypanosomes of the Schizotrypanum subgenus, which includes the zoonotic parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, agent of Chagas disease. Another member of the subgenus, Trypanosoma dionisii, infects bats of Europe and South America, and genetic similarities between strains from the two continents suggest transcontinental movement of this parasite via bats. Despite the known presence of diverse trypanosomes in bats of Central and South America, and the presence of T. cruzi-infected vectors and wildlife in the US, the role of bats in maintaining and dispersing trypanosomes in the US has not yet been reported. We collected hearts and blood from 8 species of insectivorous bats from 30 counties across Texas. Using PCR and DNA sequencing, we tested 593 bats for trypanosomes and found 1 bat positive for T. cruzi (0.17%), 9 for T. dionisii (1.5%), and 5 for Blastocrithidia spp. (0.8%), a group of insect trypanosomes. The T. cruzi-infected bat was carrying TcI, the strain type associated with human disease in the US. In the T. dionisii-infected bats, we detected three unique variants associated with the three infected bat species. These findings represent the first report of T. cruzi in a bat in the US, of T. dionisii in North America, and of Blastocrithidia spp. in mammals, and underscore the importance of bats in the maintenance of trypanosomes, including agents of human and animal disease, across broad geographic locales.
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Montes-Rincón LM, Galaviz-Silva L, González-Bravo FE, Molina-Garza ZJ. Trypanosoma cruzi seroprevalence in pregnant women and screening by PCR and microhaematocrit in newborns from Guanajuato, Mexico. Acta Trop 2016; 164:100-106. [PMID: 27596439 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by an infection with the protozoan hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, and it is a major endemic health problem in Latin America. The congenital route is one of the main non-vectorial pathways of transmission, which can arise either in the chronic or acute phase of maternal infection. Serological screening of T. cruzi infection was performed in 520 pregnant women and newborns at the Hospital General Regional de León, Guanajuato, Mexico, between 2014 and 2015. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies were detected in 20 mothers (4%) by ELISA and HIA with four PCR-positive newborn cases. Risk factors were identified according to an epidemiological survey, and the most significant (P<0.050) factors associated with T. cruzi infection were the building materials of dwellings, the presence of pets and dwellings located in rural areas. This study constitutes the first systematic study on congenital Chagas disease and the epidemiological risk factors in Guanajuato. Our results represent the probability of an incidence of 770 cases per 100,000 births during a period of 12 months, with a vertical transmission rate by 0.8%, which highlights the necessity to establish reliable serological and PCR tests in pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission. However, it is also important to follow-up the newborns from seropositive mothers for one year, which is necessary, as many children yielded negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mayela Montes-Rincón
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Patología Molecular y Experimental, Ave. Universidad SN, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico
| | - Lucio Galaviz-Silva
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Patología Molecular y Experimental, Ave. Universidad SN, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico
| | | | - Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Patología Molecular y Experimental, Ave. Universidad SN, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico.
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Rangel JAS, Monreal LA, Ramsey JM. Community resilience and Chagas disease in a rural region of Mexico. Rev Saude Publica 2016; 50:46. [PMID: 27509012 PMCID: PMC5569977 DOI: 10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050005911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pillars of community resilience in a region where Chagas disease is endemic, with the aim of promoting participatory processes to deal with this condition from the resilience of the population. METHODS Qualitative study using ethnographic record and six interviews of focus groups with young people, women and men. The research was carried out in a rural area of the state of Morelos, Mexico, between 2006 and 2007. We carried out educational sessions with the population in general, so that residents could identify the relationship between the vector Triatoma pallidipennis, the parasite (Trypanosoma cruzi), symptoms, and preventive actions for Chagas disease. The ethnographic record and groups were analyzed based on Taylor and Bogdan's modification, and the focus was to understand the socio-cultural meanings that guide the speeches and activities of residents in relation to the pillars of community resilience. RESULTS The population felt proud of belonging to that location and three pillars of community resilience were clearly identified: collective self-esteem, cultural identity, and social honesty. Having these pillars as bases, we promoted the participation of the population concerning Chagas disease, and a Community Action Group was formed with young people, adult men and women, and social leaders. This Group initiated actions of epidemiological and entomological surveillance in the community to deal with this problem. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to create more experiences that deepen the understanding of the pillars of community resilience, and how they contribute to enhance participation in health to deal with Chagas disease. OBJETIVO Explorar los pilares de la resiliencia comunitaria en una región en la que la enfermedad de Chagas es endémica, con la finalidad de partir de la resiliencia de la población para impulsar procesos participativos para enfrentar este padecimiento. MÉTODOS Estudio cualitativo que utilizó registro etnográfico y seis entrevistas de grupos focales con jóvenes, mujeres y hombres adultos. La investigación se efectúo en una localidad rural del Estado de Morelos, México, entre 2006 y 2007. Se efectuaron sesiones educativas con la población en general, para que los habitantes identificaran la relación entre el vector Triatoma pallidipennis, el parásito (Trypanosoma cruzi), la sintomatología y acciones preventivas para la enfermedad de Chagas. El registro etnográfico y los grupos fueron analizados con base en una modificación de Taylor y Bogdan, y el foco fue comprender los significados socioculturales que guían los discursos y actividades de los pobladores en relación a los pilares de la resiliencia comunitaria. RESULTADOS La población se sentía orgullosa de pertenecer a esa localidad y se identificaron con claridad tres pilares de la resiliencia comunitaria: autoestima colectiva, identidad cultural y honestidad social. Tomando como base estos pilares, se impulsó la participación de la población en torno a la enfermedad de Chagas, y se formó un Grupo de Acción Comunitaria con jóvenes, hombres y mujeres adultos, y líderes sociales. Este Grupo inició acciones de vigilancia epidemiológica y entomológica en la comunidad para hacer frente a esta problemática. CONCLUSIONES Es necesario generar más experiencias que profundicen en la comprensión de los pilares de resiliencia comunitaria, y en la manera en que estos contribuyen a potenciar la participación en salud para enfrentar la enfermedad de Chagas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luz Arenas Monreal
- Centro de Investigaciones en Sistemas de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Morelos. México
| | - Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Morelos. México
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Alves FM, de Lima JS, Rocha FL, Herrera HM, Mourão GDM, Jansen AM. Complexity and multi-factoriality of Trypanosoma cruzi sylvatic cycle in coatis, Nasua nasua (Procyonidae), and triatomine bugs in the Brazilian Pantanal. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:378. [PMID: 27370106 PMCID: PMC4930594 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi is dispersed in nature through many transmission mechanisms among a high diversity of vectors and mammalian species, representing particular behaviors and habitats. Thus, each locality has a unique set of conditions underlying the maintenance of this parasite in the wild. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the life-cycle of T. cruzi in free-ranging coatis from the central region of the Brazilian Pantanal using a multi-factorial approach. Methods Three methodological blocks were used in the present study: (i) We evaluated T. cruzi infection using serological (ELISA) and parasitological (hemoculture) tests in free-ranging coatis captured from October 2010 to March 2012. In addition, we characterized T. cruzi isolates as DTUs (Discrete Typing Units); (ii) We evaluated Trypanosoma infection in species of Triatoma and Rhodnius inhabiting coati arboreal nests from May to September 2012 using parasitological and molecular assays; and (iii) We analyzed a set of longitudinal data (from 2005 to 2012) concerning the effects of T. cruzi infection on this coati population. Herein, we investigated whether seasonality, host sex, and host age influence T. cruzi prevalence and patterns of infection. Results The 2010–2012 period presented high seroprevalence on coatis (72.0 % ELISA) and a high percentage of individuals with infectivity competence (20.5 % positive hemoculture). All isolates presented TcI band patterns, occurring in single (n = 3) and mixed infections (1 TcI/T. rangeli; 4 with undefined characterization). Both male and female individuals presented the same transmission potential, expressed as positive hemoculture, which was only detected in the summer. However, overall, the data (2005–2012) highlighted the importance of females for T. cruzi maintenance in the winter. Moreover, twenty-three (67.6 %) bugs from five coati nests (71.4 %) were infected with flagellated forms. Seventeen samples were characterized as T. cruzi (TcI and TcIII genotypes). Conclusion In the Pantanal region, T. cruzi is transmitted in a complex, multifactorial, dynamic and non-linear transmission web. The coati nests might be inserted in this web, acting as important transmission foci at the arboreal stratum to different mammal species with arboreal or scansorial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Moreira Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanossomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Juliane Saab de Lima
- Laboratório de Vida Selvagem, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa)/Pantanal, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Lopes Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanossomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Paraíba-Campus Litoral, Rio Tinto, Brasil
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Guilherme de Miranda Mourão
- Laboratório de Vida Selvagem, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa)/Pantanal, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanossomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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López-Cancino SA, Tun-Ku E, De la Cruz-Felix HK, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Izeta-Alberdi A, Pech-May A, Mazariegos-Hidalgo CJ, Valdez-Tah A, Ramsey JM. Landscape ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern Yucatan Peninsula. Acta Trop 2015. [PMID: 26219998 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Landscape interactions of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) with Triatoma dimidiata (Td) depend on the presence and relative abundance of mammal hosts. This study analyzed a landscape adjacent to the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, composed of conserved areas, crop and farming areas, and the human community of Zoh Laguna with reported Chagas disease cases. Sylvatic mammals of the Chiroptera, Rodentia, and Marsupialia orders were captured, and livestock and pets were sampled along with T. dimidiata in all habitats. Infection by T. cruzi was analyzed using mtDNA markers, while lineage and DTU was analyzed using the mini-exon. 303 sylvatic specimens were collected, corresponding to 19 species during the rainy season and 114 specimens of 18 species during dry season. Five bats Artibeus jamaicensis, Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium, Sturnira ludovici, Dermanura phaeotis (Dp) and one rodent Heteromys gaumeri were collected in the three habitats. All but Dp, and including Carollia brevicauda and Myotis keaysi, were infected with predominately TcI in the sylvatic habitat and TcII in the ecotone. Sigmodon hispidus was the rodent with the highest prevalence of infection by T. cruzi I and II in ecotone and domestic habitats. Didelphis viginiana was infected only with TcI in both domestic and sylvatic habitats; the only two genotyped human cases were TcII. Two main clades of T. cruzi, lineages I (DTU Ia) and II (DTU VI), were found to be sympatric (all habitats and seasons) in the Zoh-Laguna landscape, suggesting that no species-specific interactions occur between the parasite and any mammal host, in any habitat. We have also found mixed infections of the two principal T. cruzi clades in individuals across modified habitats, particularly in livestock and pets, and in both haplogroups of T. dimidiata. Results are contradictory to the dilution hypothesis, although we did find that most resilient species had an important role as T. cruzi hosts. Our study detected some complex trends in parasite transmission related to lineage sorting within the matrix. Intriguingly, TcIa is dominant in terrestrial small wildlife in the sylvatic habitat and is the only parasite DTU found in D. virginiana in the domestic habitat, although its frequency remained constant in sylvatic and ecotone vectors. Bats have a key role in TcVI dispersal from the sylvatic habitat, while dogs, sheep, and humans are drivers of TcVI between domestic and ecotone habitats. Overall, our results allow us to conclude that T. cruzi transmission is dependent on host availability within a highly permeable landscape in Zoh Laguna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sury Antonio López-Cancino
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ezequiel Tun-Ku
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Napoleón Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Merida, Departamento de Ecología Humana, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Amaia Izeta-Alberdi
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Angélica Pech-May
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, CONICET, Jujuy y Neuquén s/n, 3370, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | | | - Alba Valdez-Tah
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departamento de Sociedad y Cultura, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
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Peterson JK, Bartsch SM, Lee BY, Dobson AP. Broad patterns in domestic vector-borne Trypanosoma cruzi transmission dynamics: synanthropic animals and vector control. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:537. [PMID: 26489493 PMCID: PMC4618875 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) is the most important neglected tropical disease (NTD) in Latin America, infecting an estimated 5.7 million people in the 21 countries where it is endemic. It is one of the NTDs targeted for control and elimination by the 2020 London Declaration goals, with the first goal being to interrupt intra-domiciliary vector-borne T. cruzi transmission. A key question in domestic T. cruzi transmission is the role that synanthropic animals play in T. cruzi transmission to humans. Here, we ask, (1) do synanthropic animals need to be targeted in Chagas disease prevention policies?, and (2) how does the presence of animals affect the efficacy of vector control? Methods We developed a simple mathematical model to simulate domestic vector-borne T.cruzi transmission and to specifically examine the interaction between the presence of synanthropic animals and effects of vector control. We used the model to explore how the interactions between triatomine bugs, humans and animals impact the number and proportion of T. cruzi-infected bugs and humans. We then examined how T. cruzi dynamics change when control measures targeting vector abundance are introduced into the system. Results We found that the presence of synanthropic animals slows the speed of T. cruzi transmission to humans, and increases the sensitivity of T. cruzi transmission dynamics to vector control measures at comparable triatomine carrying capacities. However, T. cruzi transmission is amplified when triatomine carrying capacity increases with the abundance of syntathoropic hosts. Conclusions Our results suggest that in domestic T. cruzi transmission scenarios where no vector control measures are in place, a reduction in synanthropic animals may slow T. cruzi transmission to humans, but it would not completely eliminate transmission. To reach the 2020 goal of interrupting intra-domiciliary T. cruzi transmission, it is critical to target vector populations. Additionally, where vector control measures are in place, synanthropic animals may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Peterson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Sarah M Bartsch
- Public Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Bruce Y Lee
- Public Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew P Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Valdez-Tah A, Huicochea-Gómez L, Ortega-Canto J, Nazar-Beutelspacher A, Ramsey JM. Social Representations and Practices Towards Triatomines and Chagas Disease in Calakmul, México. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132830. [PMID: 26204555 PMCID: PMC4512683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (VBTTc) is dependent on the concomitant interaction between biological and environmental hazard over the entire landscape, and human vulnerability. Representations and practices of health-disease-care-seeking and territorial appropriation and use were analyzed for VBTTc in a qualitative ethnographic study in the Zoh-Laguna landscape, Campeche, Mexico. In-depth interviews and participatory observation explored representations and practices regarding ethno-ecological knowledge related to vector-transmission, health-disease-care-seeking, and land use processes. The population has a broad knowledge of biting insects, which they believe are all most abundant in the rainy season; the community´s proximity to natural areas is perceived as a barrier to control their abundance. Triatomines are mostly recognized by men, who have detailed knowledge regarding their occurrence and association with mammals in non-domestic fragments, where they report being bitten. Women emphasize the dermal consequences of triatomine bites, but have little knowledge about the disease. Triatomine bites and the chinchoma are "normalized" events which are treated using home remedies, if at all. The neglected condition of Chagas disease in Mexican public health policies, livelihoods which are dependent on primary production, and gender-related knowledge (or lack thereof) are structural circumstances which influence the environment and inhabitants´ living conditions; in turn, these trigger triatomine-human contact. The most important landscape practices producing vulnerability are the activities and mobility within and between landscape fragments causing greater exposure of inhabitants primarily in the dry season. A landscape approach to understanding vulnerability components of VBTTc from health-disease-care-seeking perspectives and based on territorial appropriation and use, is essential where there is continuous movement of vectors between and within all habitats. An understanding of the structural factors which motivate the population´s perceptions, beliefs, and practices and which create and maintain vulnerability is essential to develop culturally relevant and sustainable community-based VBTTc prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Valdez-Tah
- Departamento de Sociedad y Cultura, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Campeche, Campeche, México
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Laura Huicochea-Gómez
- Departamento de Sociedad y Cultura, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Campeche, Campeche, México
| | - Judith Ortega-Canto
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Janine M. Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
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Ramsey JM, Peterson AT, Carmona-Castro O, Moo-Llanes DA, Nakazawa Y, Butrick M, Tun-Ku E, la Cruz-Félix KD, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN. Atlas of Mexican Triatominae (Reduviidae: Hemiptera) and vector transmission of Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:339-52. [PMID: 25993505 PMCID: PMC4489471 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most important yet neglected parasitic diseases in
Mexico and is transmitted by Triatominae. Nineteen of the 31 Mexican triatomine
species have been consistently found to invade human houses and all have been found
to be naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The present paper
aims to produce a state-of-knowledge atlas of Mexican triatomines and analyse their
geographic associations with T. cruzi, human demographics and
landscape modification. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were constructed for the 19
species with more than 10 records in North America, as well as for T.
cruzi. The 2010 Mexican national census and the 2007 National Forestry
Inventory were used to analyse overlap patterns with ENMs. Niche breadth was greatest
in species from the semiarid Nearctic Region, whereas species richness was associated
with topographic heterogeneity in the Neotropical Region, particularly along the
Pacific Coast. Three species, Triatoma longipennis, Triatoma
mexicana and Triatoma barberi, overlapped with the
greatest numbers of human communities, but these communities had the lowest
rural/urban population ratios. Triatomine vectors have urbanised in most regions,
demonstrating a high tolerance to human-modified habitats and broadened historical
ranges, exposing more than 88% of the Mexican population and leaving few areas in
Mexico without the potential for T. cruzi transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | | | - Oscar Carmona-Castro
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - David A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | | | - Morgan Butrick
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ezequiel Tun-Ku
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Keynes de la Cruz-Félix
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Microcavia australis (Caviidae, Rodentia), a new highly competent host of Trypanosoma cruzi I in rural communities of northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 2015; 142:34-40. [PMID: 25447830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rodents are well-known hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi but little is known on the role of some caviomorph rodents. We assessed the occurrence and prevalence of T. cruzi infection in Microcavia australis ("southern mountain, desert or small cavy") and its infectiousness to the vector Triatoma infestans in four rural communities of Tafí del Valle department, northwestern Argentina. Parasite detection was performed by xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the hyper-variable region of kinetoplast DNA minicircles of T. cruzi (kDNA-PCR) from blood samples. A total of 51 cavies was captured in traps set up along cavy paths in peridomestic dry-shrub fences located between 25 and 85 m from the nearest domicile. We document the first record of M. australis naturally infected by T. cruzi. Cavies presented a very high prevalence of infection (46.3%; 95% confidence interval, CI=33.0-59.6%). Only one (4%) of 23 cavies negative by xenodiagnosis was found infected by kDNA-PCR. TcI was the only discrete typing unit identified in 12 cavies with a positive xenodiagnosis. The infectiousness to T. infestans of cavies positive by xenodiagnosis or kDNA-PCR was very high (mean, 55.8%; CI=48.4-63.1%) and exceeded 80% in 44% of the hosts. Cavies are highly-competent hosts of T. cruzi in peridomestic habitats near human dwellings in rural communities of Tucumán province in northwestern Argentina.
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Lucero DE, Ribera W, Pizarro JC, Plaza C, Gordon LW, Peña R, Morrissey LA, Rizzo DM, Stevens L. Sources of blood meals of sylvatic Triatoma guasayana near Zurima, Bolivia, assayed with qPCR and 12S cloning. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3365. [PMID: 25474154 PMCID: PMC4256209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study we compared the utility of two molecular biology techniques, cloning of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene and hydrolysis probe-based qPCR, to identify blood meal sources of sylvatic Chagas disease insect vectors collected with live-bait mouse traps (also known as Noireau traps). Fourteen T. guasayana were collected from six georeferenced trap locations in the Andean highlands of the department of Chuquisaca, Bolivia. Methodology/Principal Findings We detected four blood meals sources with the cloning assay: seven samples were positive for human (Homo sapiens), five for chicken (Gallus gallus) and unicolored blackbird (Agelasticus cyanopus), and one for opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Using the qPCR assay we detected chicken (13 vectors), and human (14 vectors) blood meals as well as an additional blood meal source, Canis sp. (4 vectors). Conclusions/Significance We show that cloning of 12S PCR products, which avoids bias associated with developing primers based on a priori knowledge, detected blood meal sources not previously considered and that species-specific qPCR is more sensitive. All samples identified as positive for a specific blood meal source by the cloning assay were also positive by qPCR. However, not all samples positive by qPCR were positive by cloning. We show the power of combining the cloning assay with the highly sensitive hydrolysis probe-based qPCR assay provides a more complete picture of blood meal sources for insect disease vectors. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 7 to 8 million people are currently infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. The WHO recommends insect vector control as the primary prevention method; and insecticide spraying is the most commonly used intervention technique. Sylvatic insect vectors are a special concern because they are a source of reinfestation after insecticides have been applied to living quarters (domestic) and immediate surroundings (peridomestic). To better understand sylvatic insect vector movement, we used two molecular biology techniques to detect the blood meal sources of sylvatic insect vectors. The first technique, cloning of 12S PCR products, allows us to cast a wide net and detect blood meal sources with no previous knowledge of vertebrates or mammals in the study site. After acquiring knowledge of vertebrates in the study site (either through the aforementioned cloning technique, literature review or survey of the area), the second technique, the species-specific hydrolysis probe-based qPCR provides a highly sensitive assay for particular taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Lucero
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Vector-borne Diseases Section, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wilma Ribera
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Universidad de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Juan Carlos Pizarro
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Universidad de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Carlos Plaza
- Departamento de Entomología, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Levi W. Gordon
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Reynaldo Peña
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Morrissey
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Rizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Lori Stevens
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Oda E, Solari A, Botto-Mahan C. Effects of mammal host diversity and density on the infection level of Trypanosoma cruzi in sylvatic kissing bugs. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 28:384-390. [PMID: 24844934 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have described host species diversity and identity as the most important factors influencing disease risk, producing either dilution or amplification of the pathogen in a host community. Triatomine vectors, mammals and the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) Chagas are involved in the wild cycle of Chagas disease, in which infection of mammals occurs by contamination of mucous membranes or skin abrasions with insect-infected faeces. We examined the extent to which host diversity and identity determine the infection level observed in vector populations (i.e. disease risk in humans). We recorded infection in triatomine colonies and on the coexisting host mammalian species in semi-arid Chile. Host diversity, and total and infected host species densities are used as predictor variables for disease risk. Disease risk did not correlate with host diversity changes. However, the densities of each infected rodent species were positively associated with disease risk. We suggest that the infected host density surrounding the vector colonies is a relevant variable for disease risk and should be considered to understand disease dynamics. It is crucial to pay attention on the spatial scale of analysis, considering the pattern of vector dispersal, when the relationship between host diversity and disease risk is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Oda
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Esteve-Gassent MD, Pérez de León AA, Romero-Salas D, Feria-Arroyo TP, Patino R, Castro-Arellano I, Gordillo-Pérez G, Auclair A, Goolsby J, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Estrada-Franco JG. Pathogenic Landscape of Transboundary Zoonotic Diseases in the Mexico-US Border Along the Rio Grande. Front Public Health 2014; 2:177. [PMID: 25453027 PMCID: PMC4233934 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transboundary zoonotic diseases, several of which are vector borne, can maintain a dynamic focus and have pathogens circulating in geographic regions encircling multiple geopolitical boundaries. Global change is intensifying transboundary problems, including the spatial variation of the risk and incidence of zoonotic diseases. The complexity of these challenges can be greater in areas where rivers delineate international boundaries and encompass transitions between ecozones. The Rio Grande serves as a natural border between the US State of Texas and the Mexican States of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. Not only do millions of people live in this transboundary region, but also a substantial amount of goods and people pass through it everyday. Moreover, it occurs over a region that functions as a corridor for animal migrations, and thus links the Neotropic and Nearctic biogeographic zones, with the latter being a known foci of zoonotic diseases. However, the pathogenic landscape of important zoonotic diseases in the south Texas-Mexico transboundary region remains to be fully understood. An international perspective on the interplay between disease systems, ecosystem processes, land use, and human behaviors is applied here to analyze landscape and spatial features of Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Hantavirus disease, Lyme Borreliosis, Leptospirosis, Bartonellosis, Chagas disease, human Babesiosis, and Leishmaniasis. Surveillance systems following the One Health approach with a regional perspective will help identifying opportunities to mitigate the health burden of those diseases on human and animal populations. It is proposed that the Mexico-US border along the Rio Grande region be viewed as a continuum landscape where zoonotic pathogens circulate regardless of national borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Esteve-Gassent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Dora Romero-Salas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Ramiro Patino
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Castro-Arellano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Guadalupe Gordillo-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, IMSS, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Allan Auclair
- Environmental Risk Analysis Systems, Policy and Program Development, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD, USA
| | - John Goolsby
- Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Roger Ivan Rodriguez-Vivas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Cuerpo Académico de Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Jose Guillermo Estrada-Franco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
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Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Hernández-Martínez S, Espinoza B. Development and glycoprotein composition of the perimicrovillar membrane in Triatoma (Meccus) pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:571-578. [PMID: 25043894 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemipterans and thysanopterans (Paneoptera: Condylognatha) differ from other insects by having an intestinal perimicrovillar membrane (PMM) which extends from the base of the microvilli to the intestinal lumen. The development and composition of the PMM in hematophagous Reduviidae depend on factors related to diet. The PMM may also allow the human parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of human Chagas Disease, to establish and develop in this insect vector. We studied the PMM development in the Mexican vector of Chagas Disease, Triatoma (Meccus) pallidipennis. We describe changes in the midgut epithelial cells of insects in response to starvation, and at different times (10, 15 and 20 days) after bloodfeeding. In starved insects, the midguts showed epithelial cells closely connected to each other but apparently free of PMM with some regions being periodic acid-Schiff (PAS-Schiff) positive. In contrast, the PMM was evident and fully developed in the midgut region of insects 15 days after feeding. After this time, the PMM completely covered the microvilli and reached the midgut lumen. At 15 days following feeding the labeled PAS-Schiff increased in the epithelial apex, suggesting an increase in carbohydrates. Lectins as histochemical reagents show the presence of a variety of glycoconjugates including mannose, glucose, galactosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine. Also present were N-acetyl-glucosamine and sialic acid which contribute to the successful establishment and replication or T. cruzi in its insect vectors. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the formation and structure of the PMM is confirmed at 15 days post feeding. Our results confirmed the importance of the feeding processes in the formation of the PMM and showed the nature of the biochemical composition of the vectors' intestine in this important Mexican vector of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Gutiérrez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Salvador Hernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlan, CP 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Bertha Espinoza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, D.F., Mexico.
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Phylogeny and niche conservatism in North and Central American triatomine bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), vectors of Chagas' disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3266. [PMID: 25356550 PMCID: PMC4214621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The niche conservatism hypothesis states that related species diverge in niche characteristics at lower rates than expected, given their lineage divergence. Here we analyze whether niche conservatism is a common pattern among vector species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) of Trypanosoma cruzi that inhabit North and Central America, a highly heterogeneous landmass in terms of environmental gradients. Mitochondrial and nuclear loci were used in a multi-locus phylogenetic framework to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among species and estimate time of divergence of selected clades to draw biogeographic inferences. Then, we estimated similarity between the ecological niche of sister species and tested the niche conservatism hypothesis using our best estimate of phylogeny. Triatoma is not monophyletic. A primary clade with all North and Central American (NCA) triatomine species from the genera Triatoma, Dipetalogaster, and Panstrongylus, was consistently recovered. Nearctic species within the NCA clade (T. p. protracta, T. r. rubida) diverged during the Pliocene, whereas the Neotropical species (T. phyllosoma, T. longipennis, T. dimidiata complex) are estimated to have diverged more recently, during the Pleistocene. The hypothesis of niche conservatism could not be rejected for any of six sister species pairs. Niche similarity between sister species best fits a retention model. While this framework is used here to infer niche evolution, it has a direct impact on spatial vector dynamics driven by human population movements, expansion of transportation networks and climate change scenarios.
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Martínez-Hernández F, Rendon-Franco E, Gama-Campillo LM, Villanueva-García C, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Rivas N, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Muñoz-García CI, Villalobos G. Follow up of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in two mammals species, Nasua narica and Procyon lotor (Carnivora: Procyonidae): evidence of infection control? Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:405. [PMID: 25174672 PMCID: PMC4161768 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large variety of mammals act as natural reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi (the causal agent of Chagas disease) across the American continent. Related issues are infection and parasite burden in these reservoirs, and whether they are able to control T. cruzi infections. These parameters can indicate the real role of mammals as T. cruzi reservoirs and transmitters. Here, two species of mammals, white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) and raccoon (Procyon lotor), were examined for to determine: a) T. cruzi presence, and; b) their ability to control T. cruzi infection. Methods Multiple capture-recaptures of both species were carried out in semi-wild conditions in Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico, for 5 years. Two samplings per year (summer and winter) took place. Prevalence and pattern of T. cruzi infection were determined by PCR from both mammals’ blood samples. Results Raccoon samples had a higher relative infection values (26.6%) compared to those of white-nosed coati (9.05%), being this difference significant in summer 2012 (P < 0.00001), summer (P = 0.03) and winter 2013 (P = 0.02). Capture and recapture data indicated three infection dynamics: 1) negative–positive-negative infection; 2) positive–negative-positive infection; and 3) positive at all sampling times. Conclusions These results indicate that both coati and raccoons may be able to control T. cruzi infection. Thus, the role as efficient reservoirs could be questioned (at least for those times when mammals are able to tolerate the infection). However, while infected, they may also be able to approach human dwellings and play a role important in linking sylvatic and domestic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Irais Muñoz-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, UAM-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col, Villa Quietud, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04960, México.
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Grijalva MJ, Terán D, Dangles O. Dynamics of sylvatic Chagas disease vectors in coastal Ecuador is driven by changes in land cover. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2960. [PMID: 24968118 PMCID: PMC4072561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is a serious public health problem in Latin America where about ten million individuals show Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Despite significant success in controlling domiciliated triatomines, sylvatic populations frequently infest houses after insecticide treatment which hampers long term control prospects in vast geographical areas where vectorial transmission is endemic. As a key issue, the spatio-temporal dynamics of sylvatic populations is likely influenced by landscape yet evidence showing this effect is rare. The aim of this work is to examine the role of land cover changes in sylvatic triatomine ecology, based on an exhaustive field survey of pathogens, vectors, hosts, and microhabitat characteristics' dynamics. Methodology and Principal Findings The study was performed in agricultural landscapes of coastal Ecuador as a study model. Over one year, a spatially-randomized sampling design (490 collection points) allowed quantifying triatomine densities in natural, cultivated and domestic habitats. We also assessed infection of the bugs with trypanosomes, documented their microhabitats and potential hosts, and recorded changes in landscape characteristics. In total we collected 886 individuals, mainly represented by nymphal stages of one triatomine species Rhodnius ecuadoriensis. As main results, we found that 1) sylvatic triatomines had very high T. cruzi infection rates (71%) and 2) densities of T. cruzi-infected sylvatic triatomines varied predictably over time due to changes in land cover and occurrence of associated rodent hosts. Conclusion We propose a framework for identifying the factors affecting the yearly distribution of sylvatic T. cruzi vectors. Beyond providing key basic information for the control of human habitat colonization by sylvatic vector populations, our framework highlights the importance of both environmental and sociological factors in shaping the spatio-temporal population dynamics of triatomines. A better understanding of the dynamics of such socio-ecological systems is a crucial, yet poorly considered, issue for the long-term control of Chagas disease. Globally, more than 10 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The emergence and perpetuation of Chagas disease in some endemic countries, such as Ecuador, depends largely on sylvatic populations of T. cruzi-infected vectors that frequently infest houses after insecticide treatment thereby hampering long-term control prospects in vast geographical areas. Our study describes, for the first time in an agricultural landscape, how the temporal dynamics of sylvatic vector, host, and pathogen populations interact spatially in a farming community of coastal Ecuador. In particular, we found that land cover changes due to both farming activities and vegetation phenology affect rodent host distribution and consequently the relative abundance of vectors involved in the transmission cycle of T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Grijalva
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - David Terán
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Olivier Dangles
- Laboratory of Entomology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR 072, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gif sur Yvette, France et Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor San Andrés, Cotacota, La Paz, Bolivia
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Carvalho DB, Almeida CE, Rocha CS, Gardim S, Mendonça VJ, Ribeiro AR, Alves ZC, Ruellas KT, Vedoveli A, da Rosa JA. A novel association between Rhodnius neglectus and the Livistona australis palm tree in an urban center foreshadowing the risk of Chagas disease transmission by vectorial invasions in Monte Alto City, São Paulo, Brazil. Acta Trop 2014; 130:35-8. [PMID: 24145156 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
After several public notifications of domiciliary invasions, palm trees were investigated in downtown Monte Alto City, São Paulo State, Brazil, in proximity to the city hall building, the main church, condominiums and marketing establishments. One hundred seventy four palm trees of 10 species were investigated, in which 72 specimens of Rhodnius neglectus, a potential Chagas disease vector, were captured via manual methods. All insects were collected from dead leaves, organic debris and bird nests in the only three Livistona australis palm trees in the central park square. This was the first record of R. neglectus colonizing this palm species. Although no Trypanosoma cruzi was found by abdominal compression followed by light microscopy, the poor nutritional status of the bugs hampered the examination of gut contents for parasite detection. Furthermore, the central crowns of the trees, which shelter bats (Chiroptera: Mammalia), could not be carefully searched for insects due to difficult access. This new finding highlights the sudden alteration in insect behavior, probably as a result of man's interference. This report aims to warn those involved in the health system about this new threat, justifying detailed research of the area to evaluate the magnitude of this emerging public health issue.
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Orozco MM, Piccinali RV, Mora MS, Enriquez GF, Cardinal MV, Gürtler RE. The role of sigmodontine rodents as sylvatic hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Argentinean Chaco. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 22:12-22. [PMID: 24394448 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of rodents in the sylvatic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi has seldom been investigated using parasitological and molecular methods. We assessed the occurrence of T. cruzi in wild small rodents from Pampa del Indio, in the Argentinean Chaco, and identified the taxonomic status of positive rodents by sequencing a fragment of cytochrome b gene (cytb) and performing BLAST searches and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 176 Sigmodontinae rodents was captured in six surveys using 5425 trap-nights in a wide range of sylvatic habitats between 2009 and 2011. Host infection was determined by xenodiagnosis and by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the hyper-variable region of kinetoplast DNA minicircles of T. cruzi (kDNA-PCR) from blood samples. None of the 176 rodents examined was xenodiagnosis-positive. The prevalence of infection determined by kDNA-PCR from blood samples was 16.2% (95% confidence interval, 10.1-21.9%). Half of the infections detected by kDNA-PCR were confirmed by nuclear satellite DNA-PCR or by kDNA-PCR of the rectal contents of xenodiagnostic bugs. The 24 positive specimens were assigned to eight species, providing the first records of T. cruzi in Akodon montensis, Akodon toba, Graomys chacoensis, and Oligoryzomys chacoensis. The occurrence of T. cruzi infection in Oligoryzomys nigripes, Calomys callosus, Necromys lasiurus and Oecomys sp. (most probably Oecomys mamorae) from the Gran Chaco is also reported for the first time. Although sigmodontine rodents were frequently infected, the intensity of bug rectal infection with T. cruzi was below the detection limit of xenodiagnosis (subpatent infectiousness to bugs), indicating they had a low reservoir host competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marcela Orozco
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Romina V Piccinali
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Matías S Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo F Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Cardinal
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Ricardo E Gürtler
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET, Argentina.
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Lord JS, Brooks DR. Bat Endoparasites: A UK Perspective. BATS (CHIROPTERA) AS VECTORS OF DISEASES AND PARASITES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-39333-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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