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Zulfiqar U, Khokhar A, Maqsood MF, Shahbaz M, Naz N, Sara M, Maqsood S, Sahar S, Hussain S, Ahmad M. Genetic biofortification: advancing crop nutrition to tackle hidden hunger. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38365972 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition, often termed "hidden hunger," represents a pervasive global issue carrying significant implications for health, development, and socioeconomic conditions. Addressing the challenge of inadequate essential nutrients, despite sufficient caloric intake, is crucial. Biofortification emerges as a promising solution by enhance the presence of vital nutrients like iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A in edible parts of different crop plants. Crop biofortification can be attained through either agronomic methods or genetic breeding techniques. Agronomic strategies for biofortification encompass the application of mineral fertilizers through foliar or soil methods, as well as leveraging microbe-mediated mechanisms to enhance nutrient uptake. On the other hand, genetic biofortification involves the strategic crossing of plants to achieve a desired combination of genes, promoting balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Additionally, genetic biofortification encompasses innovative methods such as speed breeding, transgenic approaches, genome editing techniques, and integrated omics approaches. These diverse strategies collectively contribute to enhancing the nutritional profile of crops. This review highlights the above-said genetic biofortification strategies and it also covers the aspect of reduction in antinutritional components in food through genetic biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Amman Khokhar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Naz
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Sara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Maqsood
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sajila Sahar
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Yeom WW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Jeong Jeong Y, Choi HK, Jung HW, Heo JB, Kim CY, Chung YS. Overexpression of R2R3-MYB IbMYB1a induces anthocyanin pigmentation in soybean cotyledon. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:56. [PMID: 38319432 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This is the first report showing anthocyanin accumulation in the soybean cotyledon via genetic transformation of a single gene. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] contains valuable components, including anthocyanins. To enhance anthocyanin production in Korean soybean Kwangankong, we utilized the R2R3-type MYB gene (IbMYB1a), known for inducing anthocyanin pigmentation in Arabidopsis. This gene was incorporated into constructs using two promoters: the CaMV 35S promoter (P35S) and the β-conglycinin promoter (Pβ-con). Kwangankong was transformed using Agrobacterium, and the presence of IbMYB1a and Bar transgenes in T0 plants was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by gene expression validation. Visual inspection revealed that one P35S:IbMYB1a and three Pβ-con:IbMYB1a lines displayed seed color change. Pβ-con:IbMYB1a T1 seeds accumulated anthocyanins in cotyledon outer layers, whereas P35S:IbMYB1a and non-transgenic black soybean (Cheongja 5 and Seum) accumulated anthocyanins in the seed coat. During the germination and growth phase, T1 seedlings from Pβ-con:IbMYB1a lines exhibited anthocyanin pigmentation in cotyledons for up to 1 month without growth aberrations. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the major anthocyanin in the Pβ-con:IbMYB1a line (#3). We analyzed the expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, chalcone synthase 7,8, chalcone isomerase 1A, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavanone 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavanol reductase 1, dihydroflavanol reductase 2, anthocyanidin synthase 2, anthocyanidin synthase 3, and UDP glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase in transgenic and control Kwangankong and black soybean (Cheongja 5 and Seum) seeds using quantitative real-time PCR. We conclude that the induction of gene expression in transgenic plants in comparison with Kwangankong was attributable to IbMYB1a transformation. Notably, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavanone 3'-hydroxylase, and dihydroflavanol reductase 1 were abundantly expressed in black soybean seed coat, distinguishing them from transgenic cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Woo Yeom
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resources Industry, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jae Bok Heo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Korea.
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea.
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Yu L, Zhang H, Guan R, Li Y, Guo Y, Qiu L. Genome-Wide Tissue-Specific Genes Identification for Novel Tissue-Specific Promoters Discovery in Soybean. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1150. [PMID: 37372330 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoters play a crucial role in controlling the spatial and temporal expression of genes at transcriptional levels in the process of higher plant growth and development. The spatial, efficient, and correct regulation of exogenous genes expression, as desired, is the key point in plant genetic engineering research. Constitutive promoters widely used in plant genetic transformation are limited because, sometimes, they may cause potential negative effects. This issue can be solved, to a certain extent, by using tissue-specific promoters. Compared with constitutive promoters, a few tissue-specific promoters have been isolated and applied. In this study, based on the transcriptome data, a total of 288 tissue-specific genes were collected, expressed in seven tissues, including the leaves, stems, flowers, pods, seeds, roots, and nodules of soybean (Glycine max). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was carried out, and 52 metabolites were annotated. A total of 12 tissue-specific genes were selected via the transcription expression level and validated through real-time quantitative PCR, of which 10 genes showed tissue-specific expression. The 3-kb 5' upstream regions of ten genes were obtained as putative promoters. Further analysis showed that all the 10 promoters contained many tissue-specific cis-elements. These results demonstrate that high-throughput transcriptional data can be used as effective tools, providing a guide for high-throughput novel tissue-specific promoter discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongxia Guan
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Kim S, Sim JR, Gu YQ, Altenbach SB, Denery-Papini S, Pineau F, Tranquet O, Yang YJ, Park EJ, Lim SH, Kang CS, Choi C, Lee JY. Toward reducing the immunogenic potential of wheat flour: identification and characterization of wheat lines missing omega-5 gliadins encoded by the 1D chromosome. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:33. [PMID: 36897507 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eleven wheat lines that are missing genes for the 1D-encoded omega-5 gliadins will facilitate breeding efforts to reduce the immunogenic potential of wheat flour for patients susceptible to wheat allergy. Efforts to reduce the levels of allergens in wheat flour that cause wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis are complicated by the presence of genes encoding omega-5 gliadins on both chromosomes 1B and 1D of hexaploid wheat. In this study, we screened 665 wheat germplasm samples using gene specific DNA markers for omega-5 gliadins encoded by the genes on 1D chromosome that were obtained from the reference wheat Chinese Spring. Eleven wheat lines missing the PCR product corresponding to 1D omega-5 gliadin gene sequences were identified. Two of the lines contained the 1BL·1RS translocation. Relative quantification of gene copy numbers by qPCR revealed that copy numbers of 1D omega-5 gliadins in the other nine lines were comparable to those in 1D null lines of Chinese Spring, while copy numbers of 1B omega-5 gliadins were like those of Chinese Spring. 2-D immunoblot analysis of total flour proteins from the selected lines using a specific monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal sequence of omega-5 gliadin showed no reactivity in regions of the blots containing previously identified 1D omega-5 gliadins. Interestingly, RP-UPLC analysis of the gliadin fractions of the selected lines indicated that the expression of omega-1,2 gliadins was also significantly reduced in seven of the lines, implying that 1D omega-5 gliadin and 1D omega-1,2 gliadin genes are tightly linked on the Gli-D1 loci of chromosome 1D. Wheat lines missing the omega-5 gliadins encoded by the genes on 1D chromosome should be useful in future breeding efforts to reduce the immunogenic potential of wheat flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ryeong Sim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Yong Q Gu
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Susan B Altenbach
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Sandra Denery-Papini
- UR1268 Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies, INRAE, Rue de la Géraudière, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Pineau
- UR1268 Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies, INRAE, Rue de la Géraudière, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Tranquet
- UR1268 Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies, INRAE, Rue de la Géraudière, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Yu-Jeong Yang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, South Korea
| | - Chon-Sik Kang
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Changhyun Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, 54874, South Korea.
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Platani M, Sokefun O, Bassil E, Apidianakis Y. Genetic engineering and genome editing in plants, animals and humans: Facts and myths. Gene 2023; 856:147141. [PMID: 36574935 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human history is inextricably linked to the introduction of desirable heritable traits in plants and animals. Selective breeding (SB) predates our historical period and has been practiced since the advent of agriculture and farming more than ten thousand years ago. Since the 1970s, methods of direct plant and animal genome manipulation are constantly being developed. These are collectively described as "genetic engineering" (GE). Plant GE aims to improve nutritional value, insect resistance and weed control. Animal GE has focused on livestock improvement and disease control. GE applications also involve medical improvements intended to treat human disease. The scientific consensus built around marketed products of GE organisms (GEOs) is usually well established, noting significant benefits and low risks. GEOs are exhaustively scrutinized in the EU and many non-EU countries for their effects on human health and the environment, but scrutiny should be equally applied to all previously untested organisms derived directly from nature or through selective breeding. In fact, there is no evidence to suggest that natural or selectively bred plants and animals are in principle safer to humans than GEOs. Natural and selectively bred strains evolve over time via genetic mutations that can be as risky to humans and the environment as the mutations found in GEOs. Thus, previously untested plant and animal strains aimed for marketing should be proven useful or harmful to humans only upon comparative testing, regardless of their origin. Highlighting the scientific consensus declaring significant benefits and rather manageable risks provided by equitably accessed GEOs, can mitigate negative predispositions by policy makers and the public. Accordingly, we provide an overview of the underlying technologies and the scientific consensus to help resolve popular myths about the safety and usefulness of GEOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Platani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Owolabi Sokefun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elias Bassil
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Rahman SU, McCoy E, Raza G, Ali Z, Mansoor S, Amin I. Improvement of Soybean; A Way Forward Transition from Genetic Engineering to New Plant Breeding Technologies. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:162-180. [PMID: 35119645 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is considered one of the important crops among legumes. Due to high nutritional contents in seed (proteins, sugars, oil, fatty acids, and amino acids), soybean is used globally for food, feed, and fuel. The primary consumption of soybean is vegetable oil and feed for chickens and livestock. Apart from this, soybean benefits soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through root nodular bacteria. While conventional breeding is practiced for soybean improvement, with the advent of new biotechnological methods scientists have also engineered soybean to improve different traits (herbicide, insect, and disease resistance) to fulfill consumer requirements and to meet the global food deficiency. Genetic engineering (GE) techniques such as transgenesis and gene silencing help to minimize the risks and increase the adaptability of soybean. Recently, new plant breeding technologies (NPBTs) emerged such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), which paved the way for enhanced genetic modification of soybean. These NPBTs have the potential to improve soybean via gene functional characterization precision genome engineering for trait improvement. Importantly, these NPBTs address the ethical and public acceptance issues related to genetic modifications and transgenesis in soybean. In the present review, we summarized the improvement of soybean through GE and NPBTs. The valuable traits that have been improved through GE for different constraints have been discussed. Moreover, the traits that have been improved through NPBTs and potential targets for soybean improvements via NPBTs and solutions for ethical and public acceptance are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ur Rahman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Evan McCoy
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies (CAGT), University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Ghulam Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture and Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Dwivedi SL, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Govindaraj M, Ortiz R. Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119148. [PMID: 36794214 PMCID: PMC9923027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in enormous socio-economic costs to the individual, their community, and the nation's economy. The evidence suggests an overall negative impact of climate change on the agricultural productivity and nutritional quality of food crops. Producing more food with better nutritional quality, which is feasible, should be prioritized in crop improvement programs. Biofortification refers to developing micronutrient -dense cultivars through crossbreeding or genetic engineering. This review provides updates on nutrient acquisition, transport, and storage in plant organs; the cross-talk between macro- and micronutrients transport and signaling; nutrient profiling and spatial and temporal distribution; the putative and functionally characterized genes/single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Fe, Zn, and β-carotene; and global efforts to breed nutrient-dense crops and map adoption of such crops globally. This article also includes an overview on the bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity of nutrients as well as the molecular basis of nutrient transport and absorption in human. Over 400 minerals (Fe, Zn) and provitamin A-rich cultivars have been released in the Global South. Approximately 4.6 million households currently cultivate Zn-rich rice and wheat, while ~3 million households in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America benefit from Fe-rich beans, and 2.6 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil eat provitamin A-rich cassava. Furthermore, nutrient profiles can be improved through genetic engineering in an agronomically acceptable genetic background. The development of "Golden Rice" and provitamin A-rich dessert bananas and subsequent transfer of this trait into locally adapted cultivars are evident, with no significant change in nutritional profile, except for the trait incorporated. A greater understanding of nutrient transport and absorption may lead to the development of diet therapy for the betterment of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira
- International Maize and Wheat Research Center, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz. y Trigo (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus Program, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Moreno-Nombela S, Romero-Parra J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Solis-Urra P, Baig AT, Plaza-Diaz J. Genome Editing and Protein Energy Malnutrition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:215-232. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Kim M, Lee D, Cho HS, Chung YS, Park HJ, Jung HW. RNA-seq Gene Profiling Reveals Transcriptional Changes in the Late Phase during Compatible Interaction between a Korean Soybean Cultivar (Glycine max cv. Kwangan) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:603-615. [PMID: 36503189 PMCID: PMC9742799 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2022.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) provides plant-derived proteins, soy vegetable oils, and various beneficial metabolites to humans and livestock. The importance of soybean is highly underlined, especially when carbon-negative sustainable agriculture is noticeable. However, many diseases by pests and pathogens threaten sustainable soybean production. Therefore, understanding molecular interaction between diverse cultivated varieties and pathogens is essential to developing disease-resistant soybean plants. Here, we established a pathosystem of the Korean domestic cultivar Kwangan against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. This bacterial strain caused apparent disease symptoms and grew well in trifoliate leaves of soybean plants. To examine the disease susceptibility of the cultivar, we analyzed transcriptional changes in soybean leaves on day 5 after P. syringae pv. syringae B728a infection. About 8,900 and 7,780 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in this study, and significant proportions of DEGs were engaged in various primary and secondary metabolisms. On the other hand, soybean orthologs to well-known plant immune-related genes, especially in plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and plant-pathogen interaction, were mainly reduced in transcript levels at 5 days post inoculation. These findings present the feature of the compatible interaction between cultivar Kwangan and P. syringae pv. syringae B728a, as a hemibiotroph, at the late infection phase. Collectively, we propose that P. syringae pv. syringae B728a successfully inhibits plant immune response in susceptible plants and deregulates host metabolic processes for their colonization and proliferation, whereas host plants employ diverse metabolites to protect themselves against infection with the hemibiotrophic pathogen at the late infection phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungsub Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Dohui Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Cho
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Institute of Agricultural Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
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Liao J, Liu T, Xie L, Mo C, Huang X, Cui S, Jia X, Lan F, Luo Z, Ma X. Plant Metabolic Engineering by Multigene Stacking: Synthesis of Diverse Mogrosides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810422. [PMID: 36142335 PMCID: PMC9499096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mogrosides are a group of health-promoting natural products that extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii fruit (Luo-han-guo or monk fruit), which exhibited a promising practical application in natural sweeteners and pharmaceutical development. However, the production of mogrosides is inadequate to meet the need worldwide, and uneconomical synthetic chemistry methods are not generally recommended for structural complexity. To address this issue, an in-fusion based gene stacking strategy (IGS) for multigene stacking has been developed to assemble 6 mogrosides synthase genes in pCAMBIA1300. Metabolic engineering of Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana to produce mogrosides from 2,3-oxidosqualene was carried out. Moreover, a validated HPLC-MS/MS method was used for the quantitative analysis of mogrosides in transgenic plants. Herein, engineered Arabidopsis thaliana produced siamenoside I ranging from 29.65 to 1036.96 ng/g FW, and the content of mogroside III at 202.75 ng/g FW, respectively. The production of mogroside III was from 148.30 to 252.73 ng/g FW, and mogroside II-E with concentration between 339.27 and 5663.55 ng/g FW in the engineered tobacco, respectively. This study provides information potentially applicable to develop a powerful and green toolkit for the production of mogrosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liao
- The Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tingyao Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changming Mo
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xiyang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Shengrong Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xunli Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusheng Lan
- Guilin GFS Monk Fruit Corp, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.M.); Tel.: +86-(010)-57833155 (X.M.)
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.M.); Tel.: +86-(010)-57833155 (X.M.)
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11
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Heterologous Biosynthesis of Health-Promoting Baicalein in Lycopersicon esculentum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103086. [PMID: 35630564 PMCID: PMC9146059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a valuable flavonoid isolated from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which exhibits intensive biological activities, such as anticancer and antiviral activities. However, its production is limited in the root with low yield. In this study, In-Fusion and 2A peptide linker were developed to assemble SbCLL-7, SbCHI, SbCHS-2, SbFNSII-2 and SbCYP82D1.1 genes driven by the AtPD7, CaMV 35S and AtUBQ10 promoters with HSP, E9 and NOS terminators, and were used to engineer baicalein biosynthesis in transgenic tomato plants. The genetically modified tomato plants with this construct synthesized baicalein, ranging from 150 ng/g to 558 ng/g FW (fresh weight). Baicalein-fortified tomatoes have the potential to be health-promoting fresh vegetables and provide an alternative source of baicalein production, with great prospects for market application.
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Origin, Maturity Group and Seed Coat Color Influence Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Concentrations in Soybean Seeds. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070848. [PMID: 35406828 PMCID: PMC9003432 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds are abundant in physiologically active metabolites, including carotenoids and chlorophylls, and are used as an affordable source of functional foods that promote and maintain human health. The distribution and variation of soybean seed metabolites are influenced by plant genetic characteristics and environmental factors. Here, we investigated the effects of germplasm origin, genotype, seed coat color and maturity group (MG) on the concentration variation of carotenoid and chlorophyll components in 408 soybean germplasm accessions collected from China, Japan, the USA and Russia. The results showed that genotype, germplasm origin, seed color, and MG were significant variation sources of carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in soybean seeds. The total carotenoids showed about a 25-fold variation among the soybean germplasms, with an overall mean of 12.04 µg g−1. Russian soybeans yielded 1.3-fold higher total carotenoids compared with Chinese and Japanese soybeans. Similarly, the total chlorophylls were substantially increased in Russian soybeans compared to the others. Soybeans with black seed coat color contained abundant concentrations of carotenoids, with mainly lutein (19.98 µg g−1), β-carotene (0.64 µg g−1) and total carotenoids (21.04 µg g−1). Concentrations of lutein, total carotenoids and chlorophylls generally decreased in late MG soybeans. Overall, our results demonstrate that soybean is an excellent dietary source of carotenoids, which strongly depend on genetic factors, germplasm origin, MG and seed coat color. Thus, this study suggests that soybean breeders should consider these factors along with environmental factors in developing carotenoid-rich cultivars and related functional food resources.
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Current Status and Potential of Biofortification to Enhance Crop Nutritional Quality: An Overview. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Around 2 billion people are suffering from chronic malnutrition or “hidden hunger”, which is the result of many diseases and disorders, including cognitive degeneration, stunting growth, and mortality. Thus, biofortification of staple food crops enriched with micronutrients is a more sustainable option for providing nutritional supplements and managing malnutrition in a society. Since 2001, when the concept of biofortification came to light, different research activities have been carried out, like the development of target populations, breeding or genetic engineering, and the release of biofortified cultivars, in addition to conducting nutritional efficacy trials and delivery plan development. Although, being a cost-effective intervention, it still faces many challenges, like easy accessibility of biofortified cultivars, stakeholders’ acceptance, and the availability of biofortified germplasm in the public domain, which varies from region to region. Hence, this review is focused on the recent potential, efforts made to crop biofortification, impacts analysis on human health, cost-effectiveness, and future perspectives to further strengthen biofortification programs. Through regular interventions of sustainable techniques and methodologies, biofortification holds huge potential to solve the malnutrition problem through regular interventions of nutrient-enriched staple food options for billions of people globally.
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Koç E, Karayiğit B. Assessment of Biofortification Approaches Used to Improve Micronutrient-Dense Plants That Are a Sustainable Solution to Combat Hidden Hunger. JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 2022; 22:475-500. [PMID: 34754134 PMCID: PMC8567986 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-021-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition causes diseases, immune system disorders, deterioration in physical growth, mental development, and learning capacity worldwide. Micronutrient deficiency, known as hidden hunger, is a serious global problem. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy for increasing the concentrations or bioavailability of essential elements in the edible parts of plants, minimizing the risks of toxic metals, and thus reducing malnutrition. It has the advantage of delivering micronutrient-dense food crops to a large part of the global population, especially poor populations. Agronomic biofortification and biofertilization, traditional plant breeding, and optimized fertilizer applications are more globally accepted methods today; however, genetic biofortification based on genetic engineering such as increasing or manipulating (such as CRISPR-Cas9) the expression of genes that affect the regulation of metal homeostasis and carrier proteins that serve to increase the micronutrient content for higher nutrient concentration and greater productivity or that affect bioavailability is also seen as a promising high-potential strategy in solving this micronutrient deficiency problem. Data that micronutrients can help strengthen the immune system against the COVID-19 pandemic and other diseases has highlighted the importance of tackling micronutrient deficiencies. In this study, biofortification approaches such as plant breeding, agronomic techniques, microbial fertilization, and some genetic and nanotechnological methods used in the fight against micronutrient deficiency worldwide were compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Koç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgizar Karayiğit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jung JW, Park SY, Oh SD, Jang Y, Suh SJ, Park SK, Ha SH, Park SU, Kim JK. Metabolomic Variability of Different Soybean Genotypes: β-Carotene-Enhanced ( Glycine max), Wild ( Glycine soja), and Hybrid ( Glycine max × Glycine soja) Soybeans. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102421. [PMID: 34681471 PMCID: PMC8535314 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We obtained a new hybrid soybean (Hybrid) by hybridizing β-carotene-enhanced soybean (BCE; Glycine max L.) containing the phytoene synthase-2A-carotene desaturase gene and wild-type soybean (Wild; Glycine soja). To investigate metabolic changes between variants, we performed metabolic profiling of leaves (three growth stages) and seeds. Multivariate analyses revealed significant metabolic differences between genotypes in seeds and leaves, with seeds showing accumulation of phytosterols, tocopherols, and carotenoids (BCE only), indicating co-induction of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate and mevalonic acid pathways. Additionally, Hybrid produced intermediate levels of carotenoids and high levels of amino acids. Principal component analysis revealed metabolic discrimination between growth stages of soybean leaves and identified differences in leaf groups according to different genotypes at 8, 12, and 16 weeks, with Wild showing higher levels of environmental stress-related compounds relative to BCE and Hybrid leaves. The metabolic profiling approach could be a useful tool to identify metabolic links in various soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju-si 55365, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (S.-D.O.); (Y.J.)
| | - Sung-Dug Oh
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju-si 55365, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (S.-D.O.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yejin Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju-si 55365, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (S.-D.O.); (Y.J.)
| | - Sang-Jae Suh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-J.S.); (S.-K.P.)
| | - Soon-Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-J.S.); (S.-K.P.)
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Sang-Un Park
- Department of Crop Science and Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-U.P.); (J.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5730 (S.-U.P.); +82-32-835-8241 (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jae-Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-U.P.); (J.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5730 (S.-U.P.); +82-32-835-8241 (J.-K.K.)
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Shahzad R, Jamil S, Ahmad S, Nisar A, Khan S, Amina Z, Kanwal S, Aslam HMU, Gill RA, Zhou W. Biofortification of Cereals and Pulses Using New Breeding Techniques: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Nutr 2021; 8:721728. [PMID: 34692743 PMCID: PMC8528959 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.721728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals and pulses are consumed as a staple food in low-income countries for the fulfillment of daily dietary requirements and as a source of micronutrients. However, they are failing to offer balanced nutrition due to deficiencies of some essential compounds, macronutrients, and micronutrients, i.e., cereals are deficient in iron, zinc, some essential amino acids, and quality proteins. Meanwhile, the pulses are rich in anti-nutrient compounds that restrict the bioavailability of micronutrients. As a result, the population is suffering from malnutrition and resultantly different diseases, i.e., anemia, beriberi, pellagra, night blindness, rickets, and scurvy are common in the society. These facts highlight the need for the biofortification of cereals and pulses for the provision of balanced diets to masses and reduction of malnutrition. Biofortification of crops may be achieved through conventional approaches or new breeding techniques (NBTs). Conventional approaches for biofortification cover mineral fertilization through foliar or soil application, microbe-mediated enhanced uptake of nutrients, and conventional crossing of plants to obtain the desired combination of genes for balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Whereas, NBTs rely on gene silencing, gene editing, overexpression, and gene transfer from other species for the acquisition of balanced nutritional profiles in mutant plants. Thus, we have highlighted the significance of conventional and NBTs for the biofortification of cereals and pulses. Current and future perspectives and opportunities are also discussed. Further, the regulatory aspects of newly developed biofortified transgenic and/or non-transgenic crop varieties via NBTs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Shahzad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakra Jamil
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Maize Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amina Nisar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zarmaha Amina
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shamsa Kanwal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shaker S, Morowvat MH, Ghasemi Y. Bioinformatics Analysis and Identification of Phytoene Synthase Gene in Microalgae. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:216-226. [PMID: 34254932 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210712121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are known as lipophilic secondary metabolites with important biological activities, which are mostly used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. They contribute to the colours of many fruits and flowers. Studies on the biosynthetic pathways of isoprenoids and carotenoids are still scarce, especially in microalgae, and are limited to specific groups Dunaliella spp. In the Chlorophyta taxon of algae, the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate/1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) is the synthesis pathway of sterols and carotenoids. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used 12 Psy gene sequences in Dunaliella sp., also Scenedesmus acutus, and Diospyros kaki to investigate a genome-wide search. The results are useful for better identification of carotenoids metabolisms and increasing the production rate of beta-carotene in pharmaceutical, food, and industrial processes. METHODS Phytoene synthase (Psy) from Dunaliella spp. was selected as the first regulatory point in the carotenoids pathway that catalysis the formation of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate in isoprenoid biosynthesis. Structural, evolutionary, and physics-chemical characteristics were investigated using various bioinformatics tools and computer techniques. Moreover, some recently published patents were also regarded. RESULTS The maximum length of the conserved motif was 5167 bp for Dunaliella. sp. (DQ463306.1), and the smallest length of the conserved motif was 416 bp belong to D. salina (JQ762451.1). The average molecular weight of species was 41820.53 Da. The theoretical pI of species varied from 4.87 to 9.65, indicating vernation in the acidic nature. Two strains of D. bardawil (U91900.1 and EU328287.1) showed just a long-distance relationship with all other Dunaliella strains. Whilst, D. parva displayed the furthest vicinity with all the studied strains. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the Psy regulatory mechanism as a key factor in the carotenoids pathway to facilitate genetic and metabolic engineering studies. The obtained three-dimensional arrangement of the amino acids revealed the regional structures and folding of the diverse segments of helices, sheets, turns. This information is a key point to unveil the protein's operation mechanism. Besides, we confirmed the suitability of bioinformatic approaches for analysing the gene structures and identifying the new Psy genes in unstudied microalgal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Shaker
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang T, Hou Y, Hu H, Wang C, Zhang W, Li H, Cheng Z, Yang L. Functional Validation of Phytoene Synthase and Lycopene ε-Cyclase Genes for High Lycopene Content in Autumn Olive Fruit ( Elaeagnus umbellata). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11503-11511. [PMID: 32936623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is the most potent antioxidant among all carotenoids and is beneficial to human health. A ripe fruit of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) accumulates a high level of lycopene, which is 5-20 times higher than that in an ordinary tomato fruit. During fruit ripening of autumn olive, only phytoene synthase (EutPSY) expression pattern shows a tight positive correlation with the increased lycopene content observed at four ripening stages, while the lycopene ε-cyclase (EutLCYe) transcript could not be detected throughout fruit ripening. Here, we investigated whether the two genes are important targets for engineering lycopene biosynthesis. The full-length cDNAs of EutPSY and EutLCYe were first isolated. Fruit-specific overexpression of EutPSY in tomato fruits resulted in elevated contents of lycopene and β-carotene through feedforward regulation of carotenogenic genes, i.e., downregulation of SlLCYe and upregulation of SlLCYb and SlCYCB. These fruits were decreased in ethylene production throughout ripening. Transcript levels of genes for system-2 ethylene synthesis (SlACS2, SlACS4, SlACO1, and SlACO3), perception (SlNR/ETR3 and SlETR4), and response (SlE4 and SlE8) were also inhibited in EutPSY-overexpressing fruits. Repressing ethylene synthesis and signaling transduction delayed fruit climacteric ripening of transgenic tomato plants. Additionally, RNAi suppression of SlLCYe enhanced β-carotene but not lycopene accumulation through altered expression of carotenogenic genes in transgenic tomato fruits by both feedforward and feedback regulatory mechanisms. Ethylene production in SlLCYe-RNAi fruits decreased, thereby delaying fruit ripening. Collectively, these results confirmed that transcriptional regulation of EutPSY and EutLCYe plays a crucial role and a part in massive lycopene accumulation in autumn olive fruits, respectively. EutPSY overexpression enhanced lycopene accumulation in tomato fruits independently of the ethylene pathway but did not influence the size and weight of tomato fruits. EutPSY can be used as an effective strategy capable of elevating the lycopene content in fruits for improving quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuning Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changchun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenxia Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
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Chandra AK, Kumar A, Bharati A, Joshi R, Agrawal A, Kumar S. Microbial-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding: a two way approach for the improvement of nutritional quality traits in agricultural crops. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:2. [PMID: 31824813 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human and animals, for their nutritional requirements, mainly rely on the plant-based foods, which provide a wide range of nutrients. Minerals, proteins, vitamins are among the nutrients which are essential and need to be available in adequate amount in edible portion of the staple crops. Increasing nutritional content in staple crops either through agronomic biofortification or through conventional plant-breeding strategies continue to be a huge task for scientists around the globe. Although some success has been achieved in recent past, in most cases, we have fallen short of expected targets. To maximize the nutrient uptake and partitioning to different economic part of plants, scientists have employed and tailored several biofortification strategies. But in present agricultural and environmental concerns, these approaches are not much effective. Henceforth, we are highlighting the recent developments and promising aspects of microbial-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding as candidate biofortification approach, that have contributed significantly in increasing nutritional content in grains of different crops. The methods used to date to accomplish nutrient enrichment with recently emerging strategies that we believe could be the most promising and holistic approach for future biofortification program. Results are encouraging, but for future perspective, the existing knowledge about the strategies needs to be confined. Concerted scientific investment are required to widen up these biofortification strategies, so that it could play an important role in ensuring nutritional security of ever-growing population in growing agricultural and environmental constraints.
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Arifin AG, Gondo T, Akashi R. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase gene ( SYNC1) characterized by Lotus corniculatus FOX-superroot lines has effects on plant morphology and amino acid contents of seed in soybean. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:233-240. [PMID: 31983877 PMCID: PMC6978503 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of useful genes from model plants to crops is an important step to verify its agricultural usefulness. SYNC1, an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase gene, was previously identified through the Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor gene (FOX gene-hunting system) of Arabidopsis cDNA by using super-growing root (SR) culture of Lotus corniculatus, and was suggested to have a potential in increasing some amino acid contents and plant biomass. To identify the functionality of SYNC1 gene in a typical legume crop soybean, the effects of its overexpression in transgenic plants to agricultural traits and free amino acid contents were evaluated. The transgenic soybean plants were produced from infected half-seed explants of 1 day old seedlings with the suspension of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring expression vector pB7WG2D-SYNC1. The transgenic plants that overexpressed SYNC1 gene had increased asparagine and lysine contents in matured seeds, and increased aspartate, lysine, alanine and histidine contents in germinated seeds. The changes in those free amino acid contents affected plant morphology and led to significant increase in plant length, number of branches and number of branch nodes as yield components of soybean. The transgenic plants also showed a tendency of higher number of pods, seeds and total seed weight per plant. These results showed that the overexpression of SYNC1 gene contributes on the increase of plant free amino acid contents and biomass, and this approach is expected to be applicable in other legumes, grain and forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeri Gautama Arifin
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Nishi Gakuen-kibanadai, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Gondo
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Nishi Gakuen-kibanadai, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Nishi Gakuen-kibanadai, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Yeom WW, Kim HJ, Lee KR, Cho HS, Kim JY, Jung HW, Oh SW, Jun SE, Kim HU, Chung YS. Increased Production of α-Linolenic Acid in Soybean Seeds by Overexpression of Lesquerella FAD3-1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1812. [PMID: 32082356 PMCID: PMC7005135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is a major crop that is used as a source of vegetable oil for human use. To develop transgenic soybean with high α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3) content, the FAD3-1 gene isolated from lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) was used to construct vectors with two different seed-specific promoters, soybean β-conglycinin (Pβ-con) and kidney bean phaseolin (Pphas), and one constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (P35S). The corresponding vectors were used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of imbibed mature half seeds. The transformation efficiency was approximately 2%, 1%, and 3% and 21, 7, and 17 transgenic plants were produced, respectively. T-DNA insertion and expression of the transgene were confirmed from most of the transgenic plants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and Southern blot analysis. The fatty acid composition of soybean seeds was analyzed by gas chromatography. The 18:3 content in the transgenic generation T1 seeds was increased 7-fold in Pβ-con:PfFAD3-1, 4-fold in Pphas : PfFAD3-1, and 1.6-fold in P35S:PfFAD3-1 compared to the 18:3 content in soybean "Kwangankong". The increased content of 18:3 in the Pβ-con:PfFAD3-1 soybean (T1) resulted in a 52.6% increase in total fatty acids, with a larger decrease in 18:1 content than 18:2 content. The increase in 18:3 content was also maintained and reached 42% in the Pphas : PfFAD3-1 transgenic generation T2. Investigations of the agronomic traits of 12 Pβ-con:PfFAD3-1 transgenic lines (T1) revealed that plant height, number of branches, nodes, pods, total seeds, and total seed weight were significantly higher in several transgenic lines than those in non-transgenic soybean. Especially, an increase in seed size was observed upon expression of the PfFAD3-1 gene with the β-conglycinin promoter, and 6%-14% higher seed lengths were measured from the transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Woo Yeom
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Cho
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Oh
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Jun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyun Uk Kim, ; Young-Soo Chung,
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyun Uk Kim, ; Young-Soo Chung,
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22
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Ha SH, Kim JK, Jeong YS, You MK, Lim SH, Kim JK. Stepwise pathway engineering to the biosynthesis of zeaxanthin, astaxanthin and capsanthin in rice endosperm. Metab Eng 2018; 52:178-189. [PMID: 30503392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid pigments are valuable components of the human diet. A notable example is β-carotene, or provitamin A, which is converted into the derivatives astaxanthin and capsanthin, via the common intermediate zeaxanthin. To generate rice varieties producing diverse carotenoids beyond β-carotene, we specifically used a Capsicum β-carotene hydroxylase gene, B (CaBch) and a codon optimized version of the same gene, stB (stBch) to increase zeaxanthin synthesis. We also used a recombinant BAK gene (CaBch-2A-HpBkt), consisting of the CaBch sequence and a Haematococcus β-carotene ketolase gene (HpBkt) linked by a bicistronic 2 A sequence, as well as a codon optimized recombinant stBAK gene (stBch-2A-stBkt) to create astaxanthin synthesis. The four cassettes to seed-specifically express the B, stB, BAK and stBAK genes were individually combined with a PAC gene (CaPsy-2A-PaCrtI) cassette to previously impart β-carotene-enriched trait in rice endosperm. The single T-DNA vectors of B-PAC, stB-PAC, BAK-PAC and stBAK-PAC resulted in the accumulation of zeaxanthin and astaxanthin in the endosperm of the transgenic rice seeds. In addition, an extended version on the carotenoid pathway was introduced into rice to allow the production of capsanthin, by intercrossing a B-PAC rice line with a Ccs rice line, which harbors a Capsicum capsanthin-capsorubin synthase gene. Ultimately, we developed three functional rice varieties: B-PAC (0.8 μg/g zeaxanthin, deep yellow), stBAK-PAC (1.4 μg/g ketocarotenoids, including astaxanthin, pinkish red) and B-PAC x Ccs (0.4 μg/g of ketoxanthophylls, including capsanthin, orange-red) with the similar levels of total carotenoids to PAC rice, suggesting the capacity was dependent on β-carotene levels. Collectively, a combination of genetic engineering and conventional breeding is effective for multi-step metabolic engineering and biochemical pathway extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Sol Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung You
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
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Kim HJ, Cho HS, Pak JH, Kwon T, Lee JH, Kim DH, Lee DH, Kim CG, Chung YS. Confirmation of Drought Tolerance of Ectopically Expressed AtABF3 Gene in Soybean. Mol Cells 2018; 41:413-422. [PMID: 29754472 PMCID: PMC5974618 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean transgenic plants with ectopically expressed AtABF3 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and investigated the effects of AtABF3 expression on drought and salt tolerance. Stable Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation was carried based on the half-seed method (Paz et al. 2006). The integration of the transgene was confirmed from the genomic DNA of transformed soybean plants using PCR and the copy number of transgene was determined by Southern blotting using leaf samples from T2 seedlings. In addition to genomic integration, the expression of the transgenes was analyzed by RT-PCR and most of the transgenic lines expressed the transgenes introduced. The chosen two transgenic lines (line #2 and #9) for further experiment showed the substantial drought stress tolerance by surviving even at the end of the 20-day of drought treatment. And the positive relationship between the levels of AtABF3 gene expression and drought-tolerance was confirmed by qRT-PCR and drought tolerance test. The stronger drought tolerance of transgenic lines seemed to be resulted from physiological changes. Transgenic lines #2 and #9 showed ion leakage at a significantly lower level (P < 0.01) than non-transgenic (NT) control. In addition, the chlorophyll contents of the leaves of transgenic lines were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The results indicated that their enhanced drought tolerance was due to the prevention of cell membrane damage and maintenance of chlorophyll content. Water loss by transpiration also slowly proceeded in transgenic plants. In microscopic observation, higher stomata closure was confirmed in transgenic lines. Especially, line #9 had 56% of completely closed stomata whereas only 16% were completely open. In subsequent salt tolerance test, the apparently enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic lines was measured in ion leakage rate and chlorophyll contents. Finally, the agronomic characteristics of ectopically expressed AtABF3 transgenic plants (T2) compared to NT plants under regular watering (every 4 days) or low rate of watering condition (every 10 days) was investigated. When watered regularly, the plant height of drought-tolerant line (#9) was shorter than NT plants. However, under the drought condition, total seed weight of line #9 was significantly higher than in NT plants (P < 0.01). Moreover, the pods of NT plants showed severe withering, and most of the pods failed to set normal seeds. All the evidences in the study clearly suggested that overexpression of the AtABF3 gene conferred drought and salt tolerance in major crop soybean, especially under the growth condition of low watering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Cho
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Jung Hun Pak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Tackmin Kwon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Jai-Heon Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Doh-Hoon Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Dong Hee Lee
- Genomine Advanced Biotechnology Research Institute, Genomine Inc., Pohang 37668,
Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 28116,
Korea
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
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Garg M, Sharma N, Sharma S, Kapoor P, Kumar A, Chunduri V, Arora P. Biofortified Crops Generated by Breeding, Agronomy, and Transgenic Approaches Are Improving Lives of Millions of People around the World. Front Nutr 2018; 5:12. [PMID: 29492405 PMCID: PMC5817065 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortification is an upcoming, promising, cost-effective, and sustainable technique of delivering micronutrients to a population that has limited access to diverse diets and other micronutrient interventions. Unfortunately, major food crops are poor sources of micronutrients required for normal human growth. The manuscript deals in all aspects of crop biofortification which includes-breeding, agronomy, and genetic modification. It tries to summarize all the biofortification research that has been conducted on different crops. Success stories of biofortification include lysine and tryptophan rich quality protein maize (World food prize 2000), Vitamin A rich orange sweet potato (World food prize 2016); generated by crop breeding, oleic acid, and stearidonic acid soybean enrichment; through genetic transformation and selenium, iodine, and zinc supplementation. The biofortified food crops, especially cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits, are providing sufficient levels of micronutrients to targeted populations. Although a greater emphasis is being laid on transgenic research, the success rate and acceptability of breeding is much higher. Besides the challenges biofortified crops hold a bright future to address the malnutrition challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Natasha Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Saloni Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Payal Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Priya Arora
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
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25
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Yao D, Wang Y, Li Q, Ouyang X, Li Y, Wang C, Ding L, Hou L, Luo M, Xiao Y. Specific Upregulation of a Cotton Phytoene Synthase Gene Produces Golden Cottonseeds with Enhanced Provitamin A. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1348. [PMID: 29358599 PMCID: PMC5778082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Provitamin A (PVA) bio-fortification of crops offers a sustainable strategy to prevent the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), one of the world’s major public health problems. The present work aimed to enhance PVA accumulation in cottonseed, the main by-product in the production of cotton fibers and the third largest source of edible plant oil in the world. On the basis of comprehensive identification of carotenoid synthase genes and their expression levels in various cotton tissues, we selected phytoene synthase as the target for manipulating carotenoid biosynthesis in the developing cottonseeds. After functional verification in transgenic tobacco, a cotton phytoene synthase gene (GhPSY2D) driven by a seed-specific promoter was transformed into cotton. The transgenic cottonseeds showed golden appearance and contained over 6-fold higher carotenoid contents in the extracted oil than the non-transgenic control. Thin layer chromatograph analysis indicated that the main PVA carotenoid β-carotene was predominant in the transgenic cottonseeds, but undetectable in the wild-type control. By simultaneously providing economically valuable fibers and edible oils, the transgenic cottons bio-fortified with β-carotene in seeds may be a new powerful tool against VAD in low-income regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qian Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xufen Ouyang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chuannan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingli Ding
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuehua Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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26
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Sankari M, Rao PR, Hemachandran H, Pullela PK, Doss C GP, Tayubi IA, Subramanian B, Gothandam KM, Singh P, Ramamoorthy S. Prospects and progress in the production of valuable carotenoids: Insights from metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and computational approaches. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Guleria P, Kumar V, Guleria S. Genetic Engineering: A Possible Strategy for Protein-Energy Malnutrition Regulation. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:499-517. [PMID: 28828714 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) has adversely affected the generations of developing countries. It is a syndrome that in severity causes death. PEM generally affects infants of 1-5 age group. This manifestation is maintained till adulthood in the form of poor brain and body development. The developing nations are continuously making an effort to curb PEM. However, it is still a prime concern as it was in its early years of occurrence. Transgenic crops with high protein and enhanced nutrient content have been successfully developed. Present article reviews the studies documenting genetic engineering-mediated improvement in the pulses, cereals, legumes, fruits and other crop plants in terms of nutritional value, stress tolerance, longevity and productivity. Such genetically engineered crops can be used as a possible remedial tool to eradicate PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India.
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shiwani Guleria
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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28
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You MK, Kim JH, Lee YJ, Jeong YS, Ha SH. Plastoglobule-Targeting Competence of a Putative Transit Peptide Sequence from Rice Phytoene Synthase 2 in Plastids. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010018. [PMID: 28025520 PMCID: PMC5297653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastoglobules (PGs) are thylakoid membrane microdomains within plastids that are known as specialized locations of carotenogenesis. Three rice phytoene synthase proteins (OsPSYs) involved in carotenoid biosynthesis have been identified. Here, the N-terminal 80-amino-acid portion of OsPSY2 (PTp) was demonstrated to be a chloroplast-targeting peptide by displaying cytosolic localization of OsPSY2(ΔPTp):mCherry in rice protoplast, in contrast to chloroplast localization of OsPSY2:mCherry in a punctate pattern. The peptide sequence of a PTp was predicted to harbor two transmembrane domains eligible for a putative PG-targeting signal. To assess and enhance the PG-targeting ability of PTp, the original PTp DNA sequence (PTp) was modified to a synthetic DNA sequence (stPTp), which had 84.4% similarity to the original sequence. The motivation of this modification was to reduce the GC ratio from 75% to 65% and to disentangle the hairpin loop structures of PTp. These two DNA sequences were fused to the sequence of the synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) and drove GFP expression with different efficiencies. In particular, the RNA and protein levels of stPTp-sGFP were slightly improved to 1.4-fold and 1.3-fold more than those of sGFP, respectively. The green fluorescent signals of their mature proteins were all observed as speckle-like patterns with slightly blurred stromal signals in chloroplasts. These discrete green speckles of PTp-sGFP and stPTp-sGFP corresponded exactly to the red fluorescent signal displayed by OsPSY2:mCherry in both etiolated and greening protoplasts and it is presumed to correspond to distinct PGs. In conclusion, we identified PTp as a transit peptide sequence facilitating preferential translocation of foreign proteins to PGs, and developed an improved PTp sequence, a stPTp, which is expected to be very useful for applications in plant biotechnologies requiring precise micro-compartmental localization in plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung You
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
| | - Jin Hwa Kim
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
| | - Yeo Jin Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
| | - Ye Sol Jeong
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea.
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Comas J, Benfeitas R, Vilaprinyo E, Sorribas A, Solsona F, Farré G, Berman J, Zorrilla U, Capell T, Sandmann G, Zhu C, Christou P, Alves R. Identification of line-specific strategies for improving carotenoid production in synthetic maize through data-driven mathematical modeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:455-471. [PMID: 27155093 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology is still in its infancy. However, synthetic biology approaches have been used to manipulate and improve the nutritional and health value of staple food crops such as rice, potato and maize. With current technologies, production yields of the synthetic nutrients are a result of trial and error, and systematic rational strategies to optimize those yields are still lacking. Here, we present a workflow that combines gene expression and quantitative metabolomics with mathematical modeling to identify strategies for increasing production yields of nutritionally important carotenoids in the seed endosperm synthesized through alternative biosynthetic pathways in synthetic lines of white maize, which is normally devoid of carotenoids. Quantitative metabolomics and gene expression data are used to create and fit parameters of mathematical models that are specific to four independent maize lines. Sensitivity analysis and simulation of each model is used to predict which gene activities should be further engineered in order to increase production yields for carotenoid accumulation in each line. Some of these predictions (e.g. increasing Zmlycb/Gllycb will increase accumulated β-carotenes) are valid across the four maize lines and consistent with experimental observations in other systems. Other predictions are line specific. The workflow is adaptable to any other biological system for which appropriate quantitative information is available. Furthermore, we validate some of the predictions using experimental data from additional synthetic maize lines for which no models were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Comas
- Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLLeida, Edifici de Recerca Biomédica I, Av Rovira Roure 80, Lleida, Catalunya, 25198, Spain
- Computer Science Department and INSPIRES, University of Lleida, Jaume II 69, Lleida, Catalunya, 25001, Spain
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-517, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Ester Vilaprinyo
- Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLLeida, Edifici de Recerca Biomédica I, Av Rovira Roure 80, Lleida, Catalunya, 25198, Spain
| | - Albert Sorribas
- Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLLeida, Edifici de Recerca Biomédica I, Av Rovira Roure 80, Lleida, Catalunya, 25198, Spain
| | - Francesc Solsona
- Computer Science Department and INSPIRES, University of Lleida, Jaume II 69, Lleida, Catalunya, 25001, Spain
| | - Gemma Farré
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Judit Berman
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Uxue Zorrilla
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, J. W. Goethe University, Max von Laue Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Alves
- Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLLeida, Edifici de Recerca Biomédica I, Av Rovira Roure 80, Lleida, Catalunya, 25198, Spain.
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Arendt P, Pollier J, Callewaert N, Goossens A. Synthetic biology for production of natural and new-to-nature terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:16-37. [PMID: 26867713 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With tens of thousands of characterized members, terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural compounds that are synthesized by all living organisms. Several terpenoids play primary roles in the maintenance of cell membrane fluidity, as pigments or as phytohormones, but most of them function as specialized metabolites that are involved in plant resistance to herbivores or plant-environment interactions. Terpenoids are an essential component of human nutrition, and many are economically important pharmaceuticals, aromatics and potential next-generation biofuels. Because of the often low abundance in their natural source, as well as the demand for novel terpenoid structures with new or improved bioactivities, terpenoid biosynthesis has become a prime target for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology projects. In this review we focus on the creation of new-to-nature or tailor-made plant-derived terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms, in particular by means of combinatorial biosynthesis and the activation of silent metabolism. We reflect on the characteristics of different potential photosynthetic host organisms and recent advances in synthetic biology and discuss their utility for the (heterologous) production of (novel) terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Arendt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
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31
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Federico ML, Schmidt MA. Modern Breeding and Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Carotenoid Accumulation in Seeds. Subcell Biochem 2016; 79:345-58. [PMID: 27485229 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39126-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for carotenoids, which are fundamental components of the human diet, for example as precursors of vitamin A. Carotenoids are also potent antioxidants and their health benefits are becoming increasingly evident. Protective effects against prostate cancer and age-related macular degeneration have been proposed for lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin, respectively. Additionally, β-carotene, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are high-value carotenoids used by the food industry as feed supplements and colorants. The production and consumption of these carotenoids from natural sources, especially from seeds, constitutes an important step towards fortifying the diet of malnourished people in developing nations. Therefore, attempts to metabolically manipulate β-carotene production in plants have received global attention, especially after the generation of Golden Rice (Oryza sativa). The endosperms of Golden Rice seeds synthesize and accumulate large quantities of β-carotene (provitamin A), yielding a characteristic yellow color in the polished grains. Classical breeding efforts have also focused in the development of cultivars with elevated seed carotenoid content, with maize and other cereals leading the way. In this communication we will summarize transgenic efforts and modern breeding strategies to fortify various crop seeds with nutraceutical carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Federico
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco, Chile
| | - M A Schmidt
- Bio5 Institute and Plant Sciences Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85718, USA.
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Rezaei MK, Deokar A, Tar'an B. Identification and Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Involved in Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Chickpea Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1867. [PMID: 28018400 PMCID: PMC5157839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant carotenoids have a key role in preventing various diseases in human because of their antioxidant and provitamin A properties. Chickpea is a good source of carotenoid among legumes and its diverse germplasm and genome accessibility makes it a good model for carotenogenesis studies. The structure, location, and copy numbers of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were retrieved from the chickpea genome. The majority of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) within these genes across five diverse chickpea cultivars was synonymous mutation. We examined the expression of the carotenogenesis genes and their association with carotenoid concentration at different seed development stages of five chickpea cultivars. Total carotenoid concentration ranged from 22 μg g-1 in yellow cotyledon kabuli to 44 μg g-1 in green cotyledon desi at 32 days post anthesis (DPA). The majority of carotenoids in chickpea seeds consists of lutein and zeaxanthin. The expression of the selected 19 genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway showed common pattern across five cultivars with higher expression at 8 and/or 16 DPA then dropped considerably at 24 and 32 DPA. Almost all genes were up-regulated in CDC Jade cultivar. Correlation analysis between gene expression and carotenoid concentration showed that the genes involved in the primary step of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway including carotenoid desaturase and isomerase positively correlated with various carotenoid components in chickpea seeds. A negative correlation was found between hydroxylation activity and provitamin A concentration in the seeds. The highest provitamin A concentration including β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were found in green cotyledon chickpea cultivars.
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Lakshmanan M, Lim SH, Mohanty B, Kim JK, Ha SH, Lee DY. Unraveling the Light-Specific Metabolic and Regulatory Signatures of Rice through Combined in Silico Modeling and Multiomics Analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:3002-20. [PMID: 26453433 PMCID: PMC4677915 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light quality is an important signaling component upon which plants orchestrate various morphological processes, including seed germination and seedling photomorphogenesis. However, it is still unclear how plants, especially food crops, sense various light qualities and modulate their cellular growth and other developmental processes. Therefore, in this work, we initially profiled the transcripts of a model crop, rice (Oryza sativa), under four different light treatments (blue, green, red, and white) as well as in the dark. Concurrently, we reconstructed a fully compartmentalized genome-scale metabolic model of rice cells, iOS2164, containing 2,164 unique genes, 2,283 reactions, and 1,999 metabolites. We then combined the model with transcriptome profiles to elucidate the light-specific transcriptional signatures of rice metabolism. Clearly, light signals mediated rice gene expressions, differentially regulating numerous metabolic pathways: photosynthesis and secondary metabolism were up-regulated in blue light, whereas reserve carbohydrates degradation was pronounced in the dark. The topological analysis of gene expression data with the rice genome-scale metabolic model further uncovered that phytohormones, such as abscisate, ethylene, gibberellin, and jasmonate, are the key biomarkers of light-mediated regulation, and subsequent analysis of the associated genes' promoter regions identified several light-specific transcription factors. Finally, the transcriptional control of rice metabolism by red and blue light signals was assessed by integrating the transcriptome and metabolome data with constraint-based modeling. The biological insights gained from this integrative systems biology approach offer several potential applications, such as improving the agronomic traits of food crops and designing light-specific synthetic gene circuits in microbial and mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyappan Lakshmanan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (M.L., B.M., D.-Y.L.);Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668 (M.L., D.-Y.L.);Metabolic Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L.);Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea (J.K.K.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (M.L., B.M., D.-Y.L.);Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668 (M.L., D.-Y.L.);Metabolic Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L.);Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea (J.K.K.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (M.L., B.M., D.-Y.L.);Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668 (M.L., D.-Y.L.);Metabolic Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L.);Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea (J.K.K.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (M.L., B.M., D.-Y.L.);Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668 (M.L., D.-Y.L.);Metabolic Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L.);Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea (J.K.K.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (M.L., B.M., D.-Y.L.);Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668 (M.L., D.-Y.L.);Metabolic Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L.);Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea (J.K.K.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (M.L., B.M., D.-Y.L.);Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668 (M.L., D.-Y.L.);Metabolic Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L.);Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea (J.K.K.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea (S.-H.H.)
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Pierce EC, LaFayette PR, Ortega MA, Joyce BL, Kopsell DA, Parrott WA. Ketocarotenoid Production in Soybean Seeds through Metabolic Engineering. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138196. [PMID: 26376481 PMCID: PMC4574205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pink or red ketocarotenoids, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, are used as feed additives in the poultry and aquaculture industries as a source of egg yolk and flesh pigmentation, as farmed animals do not have access to the carotenoid sources of their wild counterparts. Because soybean is already an important component in animal feed, production of these carotenoids in soybean could be a cost-effective means of delivery. In order to characterize the ability of soybean seed to produce carotenoids, soybean cv. Jack was transformed with the crtB gene from Pantoea ananatis, which codes for phytoene synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the first committed step in the carotenoid pathway. The crtB gene was engineered together in combinations with ketolase genes (crtW from Brevundimonas sp. strain SD212 and bkt1 from Haematococcus pluvialis) to produce ketocarotenoids; all genes were placed under the control of seed-specific promoters. HPLC results showed that canthaxanthin is present in the transgenic seeds at levels up to 52 μg/g dry weight. Transgenic seeds also accumulated other compounds in the carotenoid pathway, such as astaxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, phytoene, α-carotene, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin, whereas lutein was the only one of these detected in non-transgenic seeds. The accumulation of astaxanthin, which requires a β-carotene hydroxylase in addition to a β-carotene ketolase, in the transgenic seeds suggests that an endogenous soybean enzyme is able to work in combination with the ketolase transgene. Soybean seeds that accumulate ketocarotenoids could potentially be used in animal feed to reduce or eliminate the need for the costly addition of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Pierce
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies and the Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peter R. LaFayette
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies and the Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - María A. Ortega
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies and the Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Blake L. Joyce
- The School of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dean A. Kopsell
- Plant Sciences Department, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Wayne A. Parrott
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies and the Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Schmidt MA, Parrott WA, Hildebrand DF, Berg RH, Cooksey A, Pendarvis K, He Y, McCarthy F, Herman EM. Transgenic soya bean seeds accumulating β-carotene exhibit the collateral enhancements of oleate and protein content traits. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:590-600. [PMID: 25400247 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic soya bean (Glycine max) plants overexpressing a seed-specific bacterial phytoene synthase gene from Pantoea ananatis modified to target to plastids accumulated 845 μg β carotene g(-1) dry seed weight with a desirable 12:1 ratio of β to α. The β carotene accumulating seeds exhibited a shift in oil composition increasing oleic acid with a concomitant decrease in linoleic acid and an increase in seed protein content by at least 4% (w/w). Elevated β-carotene accumulating soya bean cotyledons contain 40% the amount of abscisic acid compared to nontransgenic cotyledons. Proteomic and nontargeted metabolomic analysis of the mid-maturation β-carotene cotyledons compared to the nontransgenic did not reveal any significant differences that would account for the altered phenotypes of both elevated oleate and protein content. Transcriptomic analysis, confirmed by RT-PCR, revealed a number of significant differences in ABA-responsive transcripton factor gene expression in the crtB transgenics compared to nontransgenic cotyledons of the same maturation stage. The altered seed composition traits seem to be attributed to altered ABA hormone levels varying transcription factor expression. The elevated β-carotene, oleic acid and protein traits in the β-carotene soya beans confer a substantial additive nutritional quality to soya beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Schmidt
- School of Plant Sciences/BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Giuliano G. Plant carotenoids: genomics meets multi-gene engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 19:111-7. [PMID: 24912125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are present in plant photosynthetic tissues, where they have essential roles in photoreception and photoprotection, as well as in non-photosynthetic tissues, where they act as colorants, precursors for plant isoprenoid volatiles and signaling molecules (abscisic acid and strigolactones), nutritional antioxidants and vitamin A precursors. This review presents the recent advances in our understanding of their biosynthesis, the key metabolic steps controlling their accumulation in plant non-photosynthetic tissues and their metabolic engineering using multi-gene approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, Roma 00123, Italy.
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Natarajan S, Luthria D, Bae H, Lakshman D, Mitra A. Transgenic soybeans and soybean protein analysis: an overview. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11736-43. [PMID: 24099420 DOI: 10.1021/jf402148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing global demand for soybeans for food and feed consumption, new high-yield varieties with improved quality traits are needed. To ensure the safety of the crop, it is important to determine the variation in seed proteins along with unintended changes that may occur in the crop as a result various stress stimuli, breeding, and genetic modification. Understanding the variation of seed proteins in the wild and cultivated soybean cultivars is useful for determining unintended protein expression in new varieties of soybeans. Proteomic technology is useful to analyze protein variation due to various stimuli. This short review discusses transgenic soybeans, different soybean proteins, and the approaches used for protein analysis. The characterization of soybean protein will be useful for researchers, nutrition professionals, and regulatory agencies dealing with soy-derived food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savithiry Natarajan
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Gonzalez-Jorge S, Ha SH, Magallanes-Lundback M, Gilliland LU, Zhou A, Lipka AE, Nguyen YN, Angelovici R, Lin H, Cepela J, Little H, Buell CR, Gore MA, DellaPenna D. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase4 is a negative regulator of β-carotene content in Arabidopsis seeds. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4812-26. [PMID: 24368792 PMCID: PMC3903989 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.119677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Experimental approaches targeting carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes have successfully increased the seed β-carotene content of crops. However, linkage analysis of seed carotenoids in Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred populations showed that only 21% of quantitative trait loci, including those for β-carotene, encode carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes in their intervals. Thus, numerous loci remain uncharacterized and underutilized in biofortification approaches. Linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies of Arabidopsis seed carotenoids identified CAROTENOID cleavage dioxygenase4 (CCD4) as a major negative regulator of seed carotenoid content, especially β-carotene. Loss of CCD4 function did not affect carotenoid homeostasis during seed development but greatly reduced carotenoid degradation during seed desiccation, increasing β-carotene content 8.4-fold relative to the wild type. Allelic complementation of a ccd4 null mutant demonstrated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions and deletions at the locus affect dry seed carotenoid content, due at least partly to differences in CCD4 expression. CCD4 also plays a major role in carotenoid turnover during dark-induced leaf senescence, with β-carotene accumulation again most strongly affected in the ccd4 mutant. These results demonstrate that CCD4 plays a major role in β-carotene degradation in drying seeds and senescing leaves and suggest that CCD4 orthologs would be promising targets for stabilizing and increasing the level of provitamin A carotenoids in seeds of major food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gonzalez-Jorge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824–1319
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Maria Magallanes-Lundback
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824–1319
| | | | - Ailing Zhou
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Alexander E. Lipka
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Yen-Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824–1319
| | - Ruthie Angelovici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824–1319
| | | | - Jason Cepela
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Holly Little
- Department of Biology, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan 48710
| | - C. Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Michael A. Gore
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824–1319
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Biochemistry and molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in chili peppers (Capsicum spp.). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19025-53. [PMID: 24065101 PMCID: PMC3794819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140919025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum species produce fruits that synthesize and accumulate carotenoid pigments, which are responsible for the fruits' yellow, orange and red colors. Chili peppers have been used as an experimental model for studying the biochemical and molecular aspects of carotenoid biosynthesis. Most reports refer to the characterization of carotenoids and content determination in chili pepper fruits from different species, cultivars, varieties or genotypes. The types and levels of carotenoids differ between different chili pepper fruits, and they are also influenced by environmental conditions. Yellow-orange colors of chili pepper fruits are mainly due to the accumulation of α- and β-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein and β-cryptoxanthin. Carotenoids such as capsanthin, capsorubin and capsanthin-5,6-epoxide confer the red colors. Chromoplasts are the sites of carotenoid pigment synthesis and storage. According to the most accepted theory, the synthesis of carotenoids in chili peppers is controlled by three loci: c1, c2 and y. Several enzymes participating in carotenoid biosynthesis in chili pepper fruits have been isolated and characterized, and the corresponding gene sequences have been reported. However, there is currently limited information on the molecular mechanisms that regulate this biosynthetic pathway. Approaches to gain more knowledge of the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis are discussed.
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