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Mancuso E, Romanò C, Trattnig N, Gritsch P, Kosma P, Clausen MH. Rhamnogalacturonan II: Chemical Synthesis of a Substructure Including α-2,3-Linked Kdo*. Chemistry 2021; 27:7099-7102. [PMID: 33769639 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a fully deprotected Kdo-containing rhamnogalacturonan II pentasaccharide is described. The strategy relies on the preparation of a suitably protected homogalacturonan tetrasaccharide backbone, through a post-glycosylation oxidation approach, and its stereoselective glycosylation with a Kdo fluoride donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Mancuso
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Romanò
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 18 Muthgasse, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Gritsch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 18 Muthgasse, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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Costantini L, Moreno-Sanz P, Nwafor CC, Lorenzi S, Marrano A, Cristofolini F, Gottardini E, Raimondi S, Ruffa P, Gribaudo I, Schneider A, Grando MS. Somatic variants for seed and fruit set in grapevine. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:135. [PMID: 33711928 PMCID: PMC7955655 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine reproductive development has direct implications on yield. It also impacts on berry and wine quality by affecting traits like seedlessness, berry and bunch size, cluster compactness and berry skin to pulp ratio. Seasonal fluctuations in yield, fruit composition and wine attributes, which are largely driven by climatic factors, are major challenges for worldwide table grape and wine industry. Accordingly, a better understanding of reproductive processes such as gamete development, fertilization, seed and fruit set is of paramount relevance for managing yield and quality. With the aim of providing new insights into this field, we searched for clones with contrasting seed content in two germplasm collections. RESULTS We identified eight variant pairs that seemingly differ only in seed-related characteristics while showing identical genotype when tested with the GrapeReSeq_Illumina_20K_SNP_chip and several microsatellites. We performed multi-year observations on seed and fruit set deriving from different pollination treatments, with special emphasis on the pair composed by Sangiovese and its seedless variant locally named Corinto Nero. The pollen of Corinto Nero failed to germinate in vitro and gave poor berry set when used to pollinate other varieties. Most berries from both open- and cross-pollinated Corinto Nero inflorescences did not contain seeds. The genetic analysis of seedlings derived from occasional Corinto Nero normal seeds revealed that the few Corinto Nero functional gametes are mostly unreduced. Moreover, three genotypes, including Sangiovese and Corinto Nero, were unexpectedly found to develop fruits without pollen contribution and occasionally showed normal-like seeds. Five missense single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified between Corinto Nero and Sangiovese from transcriptomic data. CONCLUSIONS Our observations allowed us to attribute a seedlessness type to some variants for which it was not documented in the literature. Interestingly, the VvAGL11 mutation responsible for Sultanina stenospermocarpy was also discovered in a seedless mutant of Gouais Blanc. We suggest that Corinto Nero parthenocarpy is driven by pollen and/or embryo sac defects, and both events likely arise from meiotic anomalies. The single nucleotide polymorphisms identified between Sangiovese and Corinto Nero are suitable for testing as traceability markers for propagated material and as functional candidates for the seedless phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costantini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| | - Paula Moreno-Sanz
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via. E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Chinedu Charles Nwafor
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Annarita Marrano
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Fabiana Cristofolini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Elena Gottardini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Stefano Raimondi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Research Council of Italy, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paola Ruffa
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Research Council of Italy, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Research Council of Italy, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Anna Schneider
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Research Council of Italy, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via. E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Voiniciuc C, Engle KA, Günl M, Dieluweit S, Schmidt MHW, Yang JY, Moremen KW, Mohnen D, Usadel B. Identification of Key Enzymes for Pectin Synthesis in Seed Mucilage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1045-1064. [PMID: 30228108 PMCID: PMC6236597 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a vital component of the plant cell wall and provides the molecular glue that maintains cell-cell adhesion, among other functions. As the most complex wall polysaccharide, pectin is composed of several covalently linked domains, such as homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I). Pectin has widespread uses in the food industry and has emerging biomedical applications, but its synthesis remains poorly understood. For instance, the enzymes that catalyze RG I elongation remain unknown. Recently, a coexpression- and sequence-based MUCILAGE-RELATED (MUCI) reverse genetic screen uncovered hemicellulose biosynthetic enzymes in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat. Here, we use an extension of this strategy to identify MUCI70 as the founding member of a glycosyltransferase family essential for the accumulation of seed mucilage, a gelatinous wall rich in unbranched RG I. Detailed biochemical and histological characterization of two muci70 mutants and two galacturonosyltransferase11 (gaut11) mutants identified MUCI70 and GAUT11 as required for two distinct RG I domains in seed mucilage. We demonstrate that, unlike MUCI70, GAUT11 catalyzes HG elongation in vitro and, thus, likely is required for the synthesis of an HG region important for RG I elongation. Analysis of a muci70 gaut11 double mutant confirmed that MUCI70 and GAUT11 are indispensable for the production and release of the bulk of mucilage RG I and for shaping the surface morphology of seeds. In addition, we uncover relationships between pectin and hemicelluloses and show that xylan is essential for the elongation of at least one RG I domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristen A Engle
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Markus Günl
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Sabine Dieluweit
- Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heinrich-Wilhelm Schmidt
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Takenaka Y, Kato K, Ogawa-Ohnishi M, Tsuruhama K, Kajiura H, Yagyu K, Takeda A, Takeda Y, Kunieda T, Hara-Nishimura I, Kuroha T, Nishitani K, Matsubayashi Y, Ishimizu T. Pectin RG-I rhamnosyltransferases represent a novel plant-specific glycosyltransferase family. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:669-676. [PMID: 30082766 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is one of the three key cell wall polysaccharides in land plants and consists of three major structural domains: homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and RG-II. Although the glycosyltransferase required for the synthesis of the homogalacturonan and RG-II backbone was identified a decade ago, those for the synthesis of the RG-I backbone, which consists of the repeating disaccharide unit [→2)-α-L-Rha-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalUA-(1→], have remained unknown. Here, we report the identification and characterization of Arabidopsis RG-I:rhamnosyltransferases (RRTs), which transfer the rhamnose residue from UDP-β-L-rhamnose to RG-I oligosaccharides. RRT1, which is one of the four Arabidopsis RRTs, is a single-spanning transmembrane protein, localized to the Golgi apparatus. RRT1 was highly expressed during formation of the seed coat mucilage, which is a specialized cell wall with abundant RG-I. Loss-of-function mutation in RRT1 caused a reduction in the level of RG-I in the seed coat mucilage. The RRTs belong to a novel glycosyltransferase family, now designated GT106. This is a large plant-specific family, and glycosyltransferases in this family seem to have plant-specific roles, such as biosynthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Takenaka
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kohei Kato
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | | | - Kana Tsuruhama
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kenta Yagyu
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kunieda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Takeshi Ishimizu
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
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Petit D, Teppa E, Cenci U, Ball S, Harduin-Lepers A. Reconstruction of the sialylation pathway in the ancestor of eukaryotes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2946. [PMID: 29440651 PMCID: PMC5811610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of sialylated molecules of crucial relevance for eukaryotic cell life is achieved by sialyltransferases (ST) of the CAZy family GT29. These enzymes are widespread in the Deuterostoma lineages and more rarely described in Protostoma, Viridiplantae and various protist lineages raising the question of their presence in the Last eukaryotes Common Ancestor (LECA). If so, it is expected that the main enzymes associated with sialic acids metabolism are also present in protists. We conducted phylogenomic and protein sequence analyses to gain insights into the origin and ancient evolution of ST and sialic acid pathway in eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea. Our study uncovered the unreported occurrence of bacterial GT29 ST and evidenced the existence of 2 ST groups in the LECA, likely originating from the endosymbiotic event that generated mitochondria. Furthermore, distribution of the major actors of the sialic acid pathway in the different eukaryotic phyla indicated that these were already present in the LECA, which could also access to this essential monosaccharide either endogenously or via a sialin/sialidase uptake mechanism involving vesicles. This pathway was lost in several basal eukaryotic lineages including Archaeplastida despite the presence of two different ST groups likely assigned to other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petit
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire Pereine 123, av. A. Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Elin Teppa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fundación Instituto Leloir -IIBBA CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ugo Cenci
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000, Lille, France
- UGSF, Bât. C9, Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Steven Ball
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000, Lille, France
- UGSF, Bât. C9, Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000, Lille, France.
- UGSF, Bât. C9, Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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6
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Mostafa I, Yoo MJ, Zhu N, Geng S, Dufresne C, Abou-Hashem M, El-Domiaty M, Chen S. Membrane Proteomics of Arabidopsis Glucosinolate Mutants cyp79B2/B3 and myb28/29. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:534. [PMID: 28443122 PMCID: PMC5387099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (Gls) constitute a major group of natural metabolites represented by three major classes (aliphatic, indolic and aromatic) of more than 120 chemical structures. In our previous work, soluble proteins and metabolites in Arabidopsis mutants deficient of aliphatic (myb28/29) and indolic Gls (cyp79B2B3) were analyzed. Here we focus on investigating the changes at the level of membrane proteins in these mutants. Our LC/MS-MS analyses of tandem mass tag (TMT) labeled peptides derived from the cyp79B2/B3 and myb28/29 relative to wild type resulted in the identification of 4,673 proteins, from which 2,171 are membrane proteins. Fold changes and statistical analysis showed 64 increased and 74 decreased in cyp79B2/B3, while 28 increased and 17 decreased in myb28/29. As to the shared protein changes between the mutants, one protein was increased and eight were decreased. Bioinformatics analysis of the changed proteins led to the discovery of three cytochromes in glucosinolate molecular network (GMN): cytochrome P450 86A7 (At1g63710), cytochrome P450 71B26 (At3g26290), and probable cytochrome c (At1g22840). CYP86A7 and CYP71B26 may play a role in hydroxyl-indolic Gls production. In addition, flavone 3'-O-methyltransferase 1 represents an interesting finding as it is likely to participate in the methylation process of the hydroxyl-indolic Gls to form methoxy-indolic Gls. The analysis also revealed additional new nodes in the GMN related to stress and defense activity, transport, photosynthesis, and translation processes. Gene expression and protein levels were found to be correlated in the cyp79B2/B3, but not in the myb28/29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mostafa
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sisi Geng
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Maged Abou-Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Maher El-Domiaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Sixue Chen
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Mounet-Gilbert L, Dumont M, Ferrand C, Bournonville C, Monier A, Jorly J, Lemaire-Chamley M, Mori K, Atienza I, Hernould M, Stevens R, Lehner A, Mollet JC, Rothan C, Lerouge P, Baldet P. Two tomato GDP-D-mannose epimerase isoforms involved in ascorbate biosynthesis play specific roles in cell wall biosynthesis and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4767-77. [PMID: 27382114 PMCID: PMC4973747 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
GDP-D-mannose epimerase (GME, EC 5.1.3.18) converts GDP-D-mannose to GDP-L-galactose, and is considered to be a central enzyme connecting the major ascorbate biosynthesis pathway to primary cell wall metabolism in higher plants. Our previous work demonstrated that GME is crucial for both ascorbate and cell wall biosynthesis in tomato. The aim of the present study was to investigate the respective role in ascorbate and cell wall biosynthesis of the two SlGME genes present in tomato by targeting each of them through an RNAi-silencing approach. Taken individually SlGME1 and SlGME2 allowed normal ascorbate accumulation in the leaf and fruits, thus suggesting the same function regarding ascorbate. However, SlGME1 and SlGME2 were shown to play distinct roles in cell wall biosynthesis, depending on the tissue considered. The RNAi-SlGME1 plants harbored small and poorly seeded fruits resulting from alterations of pollen development and of pollination process. In contrast, the RNAi-SlGME2 plants exhibited vegetative growth delay while fruits remained unaffected. Analysis of SlGME1- and SlGME2-silenced seeds and seedlings further showed that the dimerization state of pectin rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) was altered only in the RNAi-SlGME2 lines. Taken together with the preferential expression of each SlGME gene in different tomato tissues, these results suggest sub-functionalization of SlGME1 and SlGME2 and their specialization for cell wall biosynthesis in specific tomato tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mounet-Gilbert
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Marie Dumont
- Normandy University, Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Carine Ferrand
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Céline Bournonville
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Monier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Joana Jorly
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Martine Lemaire-Chamley
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Atienza
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Michel Hernould
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Rebecca Stevens
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche 1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Domaine Saint Maurice, 67, Allée des Chênes, CS 60094 F-84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Normandy University, Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jean Claude Mollet
- Normandy University, Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Normandy University, Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Pierre Baldet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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8
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Dumont M, Lehner A, Bardor M, Burel C, Vauzeilles B, Lerouxel O, Anderson CT, Mollet JC, Lerouge P. Inhibition of fucosylation of cell wall components by 2-fluoro 2-deoxy-L-fucose induces defects in root cell elongation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:1137-51. [PMID: 26565655 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Screening of commercially available fluoro monosaccharides as putative growth inhibitors in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that 2-fluoro 2-l-fucose (2F-Fuc) reduces root growth at micromolar concentrations. The inability of 2F-Fuc to affect an Atfkgp mutant that is defective in the fucose salvage pathway indicates that 2F-Fuc must be converted to its cognate GDP nucleotide sugar in order to inhibit root growth. Chemical analysis of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins demonstrated that fucosylation of xyloglucans and of N-linked glycans is fully inhibited by 10 μm 2F-Fuc in Arabidopsis seedling roots, but genetic evidence indicates that these alterations are not responsible for the inhibition of root development by 2F-Fuc. Inhibition of fucosylation of cell wall polysaccharides also affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II). At low concentrations, 2F-Fuc induced a decrease in RG-II dimerization. Both RG-II dimerization and root growth were partially restored in 2F-Fuc-treated seedlings by addition of boric acid, suggesting that the growth phenotype caused by 2F-Fuc was due to a deficiency of RG-II dimerization. Closer investigation of the 2F-Fuc-induced growth phenotype demonstrated that cell division is not affected by 2F-Fuc treatments. In contrast, the inhibitor suppressed elongation of root cells and promoted the emergence of adventitious roots. This study further emphasizes the importance of RG-II in cell elongation and the utility of glycosyltransferase inhibitors as new tools for studying the functions of cell wall polysaccharides in plant development. Moreover, supplementation experiments with borate suggest that the function of boron in plants might not be restricted to RG-II cross-linking, but that it might also be a signal molecule in the cell wall integrity-sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dumont
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Carole Burel
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) UMR CNRS 8182, Université de Paris Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) UPR CNRS 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Click4Tag, Zone Luminy Biotech, Case 922, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Lerouxel
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV) - CNRS BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Villalobos JA, Yi BR, Wallace IS. 2-Fluoro-L-Fucose Is a Metabolically Incorporated Inhibitor of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Fucosylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139091. [PMID: 26414071 PMCID: PMC4587364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The monosaccharide L-fucose (L-Fuc) is a common component of plant cell wall polysaccharides and other plant glycans, including the hemicellulose xyloglucan, pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), arabinogalactan proteins, and N-linked glycans. Mutations compromising the biosynthesis of many plant cell wall polysaccharides are lethal, and as a result, small molecule inhibitors of plant cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis have been developed because these molecules can be applied at defined concentrations and developmental stages. In this study, we characterize novel small molecule inhibitors of plant fucosylation. 2-fluoro-L-fucose (2F-Fuc) analogs caused severe growth phenotypes when applied to Arabidopsis seedlings, including reduced root growth and altered root morphology. These phenotypic defects were dependent upon the L-Fuc salvage pathway enzyme L-Fucose Kinase/ GDP-L-Fucose Pyrophosphorylase (FKGP), suggesting that 2F-Fuc is metabolically converted to the sugar nucleotide GDP-2F-Fuc, which serves as the active inhibitory molecule. The L-Fuc content of cell wall matrix polysaccharides was reduced in plants treated with 2F-Fuc, suggesting that this molecule inhibits the incorporation of L-Fuc into these polysaccharides. Additionally, phenotypic defects induced by 2F-Fuc treatment could be partially relieved by the exogenous application of boric acid, suggesting that 2F-Fuc inhibits RG-II biosynthesis. Overall, the results presented here suggest that 2F-Fuc is a metabolically incorporated inhibitor of plant cellular fucosylation events, and potentially suggest that other 2-fluorinated monosaccharides could serve as useful chemical probes for the inhibition of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Villalobos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557, United States of America
| | - Bo R. Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557, United States of America
| | - Ian S. Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Funakawa H, Miwa K. Synthesis of borate cross-linked rhamnogalacturonan II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:223. [PMID: 25954281 PMCID: PMC4404806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present review, we describe current knowledge about synthesis of borate crosslinked rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and it physiological roles. RG-II is a portion of pectic polysaccharide with high complexity, present in primary cell wall. It is composed of homogalacturonan backbone and four distinct side chains (A-D). Borate forms ester bonds with the apiosyl residues of side chain A of two RG-II monomers to generate borate dimerized RG-II, contributing for the formation of networks of pectic polysaccharides. In plant cell walls, more than 90% of RG-II are dimerized by borate under boron (B) sufficient conditions. Borate crosslinking of RG-II in primary cell walls, to our knowledge, is the only experimentally proven molecular function of B, an essential trace-element. Although abundance of RG-II and B is quite small in cell wall polysaccharides, increasing evidence supports that RG-II and its borate crosslinking are critical for plant growth and development. Significant advancement was made recently on the location and the mechanisms of RG-II synthesis and borate cross-linking. Molecular genetic studies have successfully identified key enzymes for RG-II synthesis and regulators including B transporters required for efficient formation of RG-II crosslinking and consequent normal plant growth. The present article focuses recent advances on (i) RG-II polysaccharide synthesis, (ii) occurrence of borate crosslinking and (iii) B transport for borate supply to RG-II. Molecular mechanisms underlying formation of borate RG-II crosslinking and the physiological impacts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Funakawa
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miwa
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kyoko Miwa, Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North-10, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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11
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Zhang L, Hu W, Wang Y, Feng R, Zhang Y, Liu J, Jia C, Miao H, Zhang J, Xu B, Jin Z. The MaASR gene as a crucial component in multiple drought stress response pathways in Arabidopsis. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 15:247-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Dumont M, Lehner A, Bouton S, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Voxeur A, Pelloux J, Lerouge P, Mollet JC. The cell wall pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan-II is required for proper pollen tube elongation: implications of a putative sialyltransferase-like protein. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1177-88. [PMID: 24825296 PMCID: PMC4195553 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) is one of the pectin motifs found in the cell wall of all land plants. It contains sugars such as 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-lyxo-heptulosaric acid (Dha) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo), and within the wall RG-II is mostly found as a dimer via a borate diester cross-link. To date, little is known regarding the biosynthesis of this motif. Here, after a brief review of our current knowledge on RG-II structure, biosynthesis and function in plants, this study explores the implications of the presence of a Golgi-localized sialyltransferase-like 2 (SIA2) protein that is possibly involved in the transfer of Dha or Kdo in the RG-II of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes, a fast-growing cell type used as a model for the study of cell elongation. METHODS Two heterozygous mutant lines of arabidopsis (sia2-1+/- and qrt1 × sia2-2+/-) were investigated. sia2-2+/- was in a quartet1 background and the inserted T-DNA contained the reporter gene β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the pollen-specific promoter LAT52. Pollen germination and pollen tube phenotype and growth were analysed both in vitro and in vivo by microscopy. KEY RESULTS Self-pollination of heterozygous lines produced no homozygous plants in the progeny, which may suggest that the mutation could be lethal. Heterozygous mutants displayed a much lower germination rate overall and exhibited a substantial delay in germination (20 h of delay to reach 30 % of pollen grain germination compared with the wild type). In both lines, mutant pollen grains that were able to produce a tube had tubes that were either bursting, abnormal (swollen or dichotomous branching tip) or much shorter compared with wild-type pollen tubes. In vivo, mutant pollen tubes were restricted to the style, whereas the wild-type pollen tubes were detected at the base of the ovary. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that the mutation in arabidopsis SIA2 encoding a sialyltransferase-like protein that may transfer Dha or Kdo on the RG-II motif has a dramatic effect on the stability of the pollen tube cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dumont
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Bouton
- Laboratoire Biologie des Plantes & Innovation (BIOPI) EA3900, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Marie Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Aline Voxeur
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- Laboratoire Biologie des Plantes & Innovation (BIOPI) EA3900, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Smyth KM, Marchant A. Conservation of the 2-keto-3-deoxymanno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) biosynthesis pathway between plants and bacteria. Carbohydr Res 2013; 380:70-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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