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Portier I, Manne BK, Kosaka Y, Tolley ND, Denorme F, Babur Ö, Reddy AP, Wilmarth PA, Aslan JE, Weyrich AS, Rondina MT, Campbell RA. Aging-related alterations in mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling promote platelet hyperreactivity and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2576-2588. [PMID: 38849085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular, thrombotic, and other chronic diseases. However, mechanisms of platelet hyperactivation in aging remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Here, we examine whether and how aging alters intracellular signaling in platelets to support platelet hyperactivity and thrombosis. METHODS Quantitative mass spectrometry with tandem mass tag labeling systematically measured protein phosphorylation in platelets from healthy aged (>65 years) and young human (<45 years) subjects. The role of platelet mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in aging-induced platelet hyperreactivity was assessed using pharmacologic mTOR inhibition and a platelet-specific mTOR-deficient mouse model (mTORplt-/-). RESULTS Quantitative phosphoproteomics uncovered differential site-specific protein phosphorylation within mTOR, Rho GTPase, and MAPK pathways in platelets from aged donors. Western blot confirmed constitutive activation of the mTOR pathway in platelets from both aged humans and mice, which was associated with increased aggregation compared with that in young controls. Inhibition of mTOR with either Torin 1 in aged humans or genetic deletion in aged mice reversed platelet hyperreactivity. In a collagen-epinephrine pulmonary thrombosis model, aged wild-type (mTORplt+/+) mice succumbed significantly faster than young controls, while time to death of aged mTORplt-/- mice was similar to that of young mTORplt+/+ mice. Mechanistically, we noted increased Rac1 activation and levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in resting platelets from aged mice, as well as increased p38 phosphorylation upstream of thromboxane generation following agonist stimulation. CONCLUSION Aging-related changes in mTOR phosphorylation enhance Rac1 and p38 activation to enhance thromboxane generation, platelet hyperactivity, and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Portier
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bhanu Kanth Manne
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Neal D Tolley
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Özgün Babur
- Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashok P Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; George E. Wahlen VAMC Department of Internal Medicine and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert A Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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2
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Manso BA, Rodriguez y Baena A, Forsberg EC. From Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Platelets: Unifying Differentiation Pathways Identified by Lineage Tracing Mouse Models. Cells 2024; 13:704. [PMID: 38667319 PMCID: PMC11048769 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the terminal progeny of megakaryocytes, primarily produced in the bone marrow, and play critical roles in blood homeostasis, clotting, and wound healing. Traditionally, megakaryocytes and platelets are thought to arise from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) via multiple discrete progenitor populations with successive, lineage-restricting differentiation steps. However, this view has recently been challenged by studies suggesting that (1) some HSC clones are biased and/or restricted to the platelet lineage, (2) not all platelet generation follows the "canonical" megakaryocytic differentiation path of hematopoiesis, and (3) platelet output is the default program of steady-state hematopoiesis. Here, we specifically investigate the evidence that in vivo lineage tracing studies provide for the route(s) of platelet generation and investigate the involvement of various intermediate progenitor cell populations. We further identify the challenges that need to be overcome that are required to determine the presence, role, and kinetics of these possible alternate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Manso
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Alessandra Rodriguez y Baena
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Program in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - E. Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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3
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Pirabe A, Frühwirth S, Brunnthaler L, Hackl H, Schmuckenschlager A, Schrottmaier WC, Assinger A. Age-Dependent Surface Receptor Expression Patterns in Immature Versus Mature Platelets in Mouse Models of Regenerative Thrombocytopenia. Cells 2023; 12:2419. [PMID: 37830633 PMCID: PMC10571991 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process that unfolds at both the individual and cellular levels, resulting in changes in platelet count and platelet reactivity. These alterations are influenced by shifts in platelet production, as well as by various environmental factors that affect circulating platelets. Aging also triggers functional changes in platelets, including a reduction in RNA content and protein production capacity. Older individuals and RNA-rich immature platelets often exhibit hyperactivity, contributing significantly to pathologic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, sepsis, and thrombosis. However, the impact of aging on surface receptor expression of circulating platelets, particularly whether these effects vary between immature and mature platelets, remains largely unexplored. Thus, we investigated the expression of certain surface and activation receptors on platelets from young and old mice as well as on immature and mature platelets from mouse models of regenerative thrombocytopenia by flow cytometry. Our findings indicate that aged mice show an upregulated expression of the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), tetraspanin-29 (CD9), and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) compared to their younger counterparts. Interestingly, when comparing immature and mature platelets in both young and old mice, no differences were observed in mature platelets. However, immature platelets from young mice displayed higher surface expression compared to immature platelets from old mice. Additionally, in mouse models of regenerative thrombocytopenia, the majority of receptors were upregulated in immature platelets. These results suggest that distinct surface receptor expressions are increased on platelets from old mice and immature platelets, which may partially explain their heightened activity and contribute to an increased thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Pirabe
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Frühwirth
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Anna Schmuckenschlager
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud C. Schrottmaier
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Heazlewood SY, Ahmad T, Cao B, Cao H, Domingues M, Sun X, Heazlewood CK, Li S, Williams B, Fulton M, White JF, Nebl T, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Kile BT, Kraus F, Ryan MT, Sun YB, Choong PFM, Ellis SL, Anko ML, Nilsson SK. High ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes are hematopoietic stem cells regulators and essential for platelet production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2099. [PMID: 37055407 PMCID: PMC10102126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MK) generate platelets. Recently, we and others, have reported MK also regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we show high ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes (LCM) are critical negative regulators of HSC and critical for platelet formation. Using a mouse knockout model (Pf4-Srsf3Δ/Δ) with normal MK numbers, but essentially devoid of LCM, we demonstrate a pronounced increase in BM HSC concurrent with endogenous mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Severe thrombocytopenia is observed in animals with diminished LCM, although there is no change in MK ploidy distribution, uncoupling endoreduplication and platelet production. When HSC isolated from a microenvironment essentially devoid of LCM reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice, the absence of LCM increases HSC in BM, blood and spleen, and the recapitulation of thrombocytopenia. In contrast, following a competitive transplant using minimal numbers of WT HSC together with HSC from a microenvironment with diminished LCM, sufficient WT HSC-generated LCM regulates a normal HSC pool and prevents thrombocytopenia. Importantly, LCM are conserved in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Y Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Domingues
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuan Sun
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad K Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Songhui Li
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Fulton
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacinta F White
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom Nebl
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felix Kraus
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu B Sun
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F M Choong
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Ellis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minna-Liisa Anko
- Centre for Reproductive Health and Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Bourne JH, Smith CW, Jooss NJ, Di Y, Brown HC, Montague SJ, Thomas MR, Poulter NS, Rayes J, Watson SP. CLEC-2 Supports Platelet Aggregation in Mouse but not Human Blood at Arterial Shear. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1988-2000. [PMID: 35817083 PMCID: PMC9718592 DOI: 10.1055/a-1896-6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is highly expressed on platelets and a subpopulation of myeloid cells, and is critical in lymphatic development. CLEC-2 has been shown to support thrombus formation at sites of inflammation, but to have a minor/negligible role in hemostasis. This identifies CLEC-2 as a promising therapeutic target in thromboinflammatory disorders, without hemostatic detriment. We utilized a GPIbα-Cre recombinase mouse for more restricted deletion of platelet-CLEC-2 than the previously used PF4-Cre mouse. clec1bfl/flGPIbα-Cre+ mice are born at a Mendelian ratio, with a mild reduction in platelet count, and present with reduced thrombus size post-FeCl3-induced thrombosis, compared to littermates. Antibody-mediated depletion of platelet count in C57BL/6 mice, to match clec1bfl/flGPIbα-Cre+ mice, revealed that the reduced thrombus size post-FeCl3-injury was due to the loss of CLEC-2, and not mild thrombocytopenia. Similarly, clec1bfl/flGPIbα-Cre+ mouse blood replenished with CLEC-2-deficient platelets ex vivo to match littermates had reduced aggregate formation when perfused over collagen at arterial flow rates. In contrast, platelet-rich thrombi formed following perfusion of human blood under flow conditions over collagen types I or III, atherosclerotic plaque, or inflammatory endothelial cells were unaltered in the presence of CLEC-2-blocking antibody, AYP1, or recombinant CLEC-2-Fc. The reduction in platelet aggregation observed in clec1bfl/flGPIbα-Cre+ mice during arterial thrombosis is mediated by the loss of CLEC-2 on mouse platelets. In contrast, CLEC-2 does not support thrombus generation on collagen, atherosclerotic plaque, or inflamed endothelial cells in human at arterial shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Bourne
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J. Jooss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helena C. Brown
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Samantha J. Montague
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- UHB and SWBH NHS Trusts, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S. Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
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6
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Sánchez‐Lanzas R, Kalampalika F, Ganuza M. Diversity in the bone marrow niche: Classic and novel strategies to uncover niche composition. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:647-664. [PMID: 35837798 PMCID: PMC9796334 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our view on the role and composition of the bone marrow (BM) has dramatically changed over time from a simple nutrient for the bone to a highly complex multicellular tissue that sustains haematopoiesis. Among these cells, multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are predominantly quiescent, possess unique self-renewal capacity and multilineage differentiation potential and replenish all blood lineages to maintain lifelong haematopoiesis. Adult HSCs reside in specialised BM niches, which support their functions. Much effort has been put into deciphering HSC niches due to their potential clinical relevance. Multiple cell types have been implicated as HSC-niche components including sinusoidal endothelium, perivascular stromal cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, osteoblasts and sympathetic nerves. In this review we provide a historical perspective on how technical advances, from genetic mouse models to imaging and high-throughput sequencing techniques, are unveiling the plethora of molecular cues and cellular components that shape the niche and regulate HSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sánchez‐Lanzas
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Foteini Kalampalika
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Miguel Ganuza
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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7
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Lee S, Wong H, Castiglione M, Murphy M, Kaushansky K, Zhan H. JAK2V617F Mutant Megakaryocytes Contribute to Hematopoietic Aging in a Murine Model of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Stem Cells 2022; 40:359-370. [PMID: 35260895 PMCID: PMC9199841 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) is an important component of the hematopoietic niche. Abnormal MK hyperplasia is a hallmark feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The JAK2V617F mutation is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Using a murine model of MPN in which the human JAK2V617F gene is expressed in the MK lineage, we show that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, manifesting as myeloid-skewed hematopoiesis with an expansion of CD41+ HSCs, a reduced engraftment and self-renewal capacity, and a reduced differentiation capacity. HSCs from 2-year-old mice with JAK2V617F-bearing MKs were more proliferative and less quiescent than HSCs from age-matched control mice. Examination of the marrow hematopoietic niche reveals that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs not only have decreased direct interactions with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells during aging but also suppress the vascular niche function during aging. Unbiased RNA expression profiling reveals that HSC aging has a profound effect on MK transcriptomic profiles, while targeted cytokine array shows that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs can alter the hematopoietic niche through increased levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic factors. Therefore, as a hematopoietic niche cell, MKs represent an important connection between the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms for HSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Lee
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Helen Wong
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glen Head, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
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8
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Kasirer-Friede A, Peuhu E, Ivaska J, Shattil SJ. Platelet SHARPIN regulates platelet adhesion and inflammatory responses through associations with αIIbβ3 and LUBAC. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2595-2607. [PMID: 34991155 PMCID: PMC9043921 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets form hemostatic plugs to prevent blood loss, and they modulate immunity and inflammation in several ways. A key event during hemostasis is activation of integrin αIIbβ3 through direct interactions of the β3 cytoplasmic tail with talin and kindlin-3. Recently, we showed that human platelets express the adapter molecule Shank-associated RH domain interacting protein (SHARPIN), which can associate directly with the αIIb cytoplasmic tail and separately promote NF-κB pathway activation as a member of the Met-1 linear ubiquitination activation complex (LUBAC). Here we investigated the role of SHARPIN in platelets after crossing Sharpin flox/flox (fl/fl) mice with PF4-Cre or GPIbα-Cre mice to selectively delete SHARPIN in platelets. SHARPIN-null platelets adhered to immobilized fibrinogen through αIIbβ3, and they spread more extensively than littermate control platelets in a manner dependent on feedback stimulation by platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (P < .01). SHARPIN-null platelets showed increased colocalization of αIIbβ3 with talin as assessed by super-resolution microscopy and increased binding of soluble fibrinogen in response to submaximal concentrations of ADP (P < .05). However, mice with SHARPIN-null platelets showed compromised thrombus growth on collagen and slightly prolonged tail bleeding times. Platelets lacking SHARPIN also showed reduced NF-κB activation and linear ubiquitination of protein substrates upon challenge with classic platelet agonists. Furthermore, the loss of platelet SHARPIN resulted in significant reduction in inflammation in murine models of colitis and peritonitis (P < .01). Thus, SHARPIN plays differential and context-dependent roles in platelets to regulate important inflammatory and integrin adhesive functions of these anucleate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kasirer-Friede
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; and
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanford J Shattil
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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9
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Krüger I, Reusswig F, Krott KJ, Lersch CF, Spelleken M, Elvers M. Genetic Labeling of Cells Allows Identification and Tracking of Transgenic Platelets in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073710. [PMID: 33918229 PMCID: PMC8037568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of knock-out mouse models is crucial to understand platelet activation and aggregation. Methods: Analysis of the global double fluorescent Cre reporter mouse mT/mG that has been crossbred with the megakaryocyte/platelet specific PF4-Cre mouse. Results: Platelets show bright mT (PF4-Cre negative) and mG (PF4-Cre positive) fluorescence. However, a small proportion of leukocytes was positive for mG fluorescence in PF4-Cre positive mice. In mT/mG;PF4-Cre mice, platelets, and megakaryocytes can be tracked by their specific fluorescence in blood smear, hematopoietic organs and upon thrombus formation. No differences in platelet activation and thrombus formation was observed between mT/mG;PF4-Cre positive and negative mice. Furthermore, hemostasis and in vivo thrombus formation was comparable between genotypes as analyzed by intravital microscopy. Transplantation studies revealed that bone marrow of mT/mG;PF4-Cre mice can be transferred to C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions: The mT/mG Cre reporter mouse is an appropriate model for real-time visualization of platelets, the analysis of cell morphology and the identification of non-recombined platelets. Thus, mT/mG;PF4-Cre mice are important for the analysis of platelet-specific knockout mice. However, a small proportion of leukocytes exhibit mG fluorescence. Therefore, the analysis of platelets beyond hemostasis and thrombosis should be critically evaluated when recombination of immune cells is increased.
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10
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Guy A, Poisson J, James C. Pathogenesis of cardiovascular events in BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leukemia 2021; 35:935-955. [PMID: 33658660 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis, both in arterial and venous territories, is the major complication of myeloproliferative neoplasms and is responsible for a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The currently accepted risk factors are an age over 60 years and a history of thrombosis. However, many complex mechanisms contribute to this increased prothrombotic risk, with involvement of all blood cell types, plasmatic factors, and endothelial cells. Besides, some cardiovascular events may originate from arterial vasospasm that could contribute to thrombotic complications. In this review, we discuss recent results obtained in mouse models in the light of data obtained from clinical studies. We emphasize on actors of thrombosis that are currently not targeted with current therapeutics but could be promising targets, i.e, neutrophil extracellular traps and vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guy
- UMR1034, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johanne Poisson
- Inserm, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Geriatrics Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Chloe James
- UMR1034, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France. .,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
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11
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Abstract
Megakaryocytes give rise to platelets, which have a wide variety of functions in coagulation, immune response, inflammation, and tissue repair. Dysregulation of megakaryocytes is a key feature of in the myeloproliferative neoplasms, especially myelofibrosis. Megakaryocytes are among the main drivers of myelofibrosis by promoting myeloproliferation and bone marrow fibrosis. In vivo targeting of megakaryocytes by genetic and pharmacologic approaches ameliorates the disease, underscoring the important role of megakaryocytes in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Here we review the current knowledge of the function of megakaryocytes in the JAK2, CALR, and MPL-mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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12
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Ghannoum S, Leoncio Netto W, Fantini D, Ragan-Kelley B, Parizadeh A, Jonasson E, Ståhlberg A, Farhan H, Köhn-Luque A. DIscBIO: A User-Friendly Pipeline for Biomarker Discovery in Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031399. [PMID: 33573289 PMCID: PMC7866810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing attention toward the benefits of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is leading to a myriad of computational packages for the analysis of different aspects of scRNA-seq data. For researchers without advanced programing skills, it is very challenging to combine several packages in order to perform the desired analysis in a simple and reproducible way. Here we present DIscBIO, an open-source, multi-algorithmic pipeline for easy, efficient and reproducible analysis of cellular sub-populations at the transcriptomic level. The pipeline integrates multiple scRNA-seq packages and allows biomarker discovery with decision trees and gene enrichment analysis in a network context using single-cell sequencing read counts through clustering and differential analysis. DIscBIO is freely available as an R package. It can be run either in command-line mode or through a user-friendly computational pipeline using Jupyter notebooks. We showcase all pipeline features using two scRNA-seq datasets. The first dataset consists of circulating tumor cells from patients with breast cancer. The second one is a cell cycle regulation dataset in myxoid liposarcoma. All analyses are available as notebooks that integrate in a sequential narrative R code with explanatory text and output data and images. R users can use the notebooks to understand the different steps of the pipeline and will guide them to explore their scRNA-seq data. We also provide a cloud version using Binder that allows the execution of the pipeline without the need of downloading R, Jupyter or any of the packages used by the pipeline. The cloud version can serve as a tutorial for training purposes, especially for those that are not R users or have limited programing skills. However, in order to do meaningful scRNA-seq analyses, all users will need to understand the implemented methods and their possible options and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ghannoum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (A.P.); (H.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.K.-L.); Tel.: +46-76-5770129 (S.G.)
| | - Waldir Leoncio Netto
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Damiano Fantini
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | | | - Amirabbas Parizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (A.P.); (H.F.)
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.J.); (A.S.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (A.P.); (H.F.)
| | - Alvaro Köhn-Luque
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.K.-L.); Tel.: +46-76-5770129 (S.G.)
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13
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Margraf A, Sperandio M. Leukocyte Trafficking and Hemostasis in the Mouse Fetus in vivo: A Practical Guide. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:632297. [PMID: 33553174 PMCID: PMC7858264 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.632297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo observations of blood cells and organ compartments within the fetal mammalian organism are difficult to obtain. This practical guide describes a mouse model for in vivo observation of the fetal yolk-sac and corporal microvasculature throughout murine gestation, including imaging of various organ compartments, microvascular injection procedures, different methods for staining of blood plasma, vessel wall and circulating cell subsets. Following anesthesia of pregnant mice, the maternal abdominal cavity is opened, the uterus horn exteriorized, and the fetus prepared for imaging while still connected to the placenta. Microinjection methods allow delivery of substances directly into the fetal circulation, while substances crossing the placenta can be easily administered via the maternal circulation. Small volume blood sample collection allows for further in vitro workup of obtained results. The model permits observation of leukocyte-endothelial interactions, hematopoietic niche localization, platelet function, endothelial permeability studies, and hemodynamic changes in the mouse fetus, using appropriate strains of fluorescent protein expressing reporter mice and various sophisticated intravital microscopy techniques. Our practical guide is of interest to basic physiologists, developmental biologists, cardiologists, and translational neonatologists and reaches out to scientists focusing on the origin and regulation of hematopoietic niches, thrombopoiesis and macrophage heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Margraf
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Märklin M, Tandler C, Kopp HG, Hoehn KL, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Borst O, Müller MR, Saur SJ. C-Cbl regulates c-MPL receptor trafficking and its internalization. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12491-12503. [PMID: 32954656 PMCID: PMC7687000 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocyte formation from megakaryocyte and their progenitor cells is tightly regulated by thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor c‐MPL, thereby maintaining physiological functionality and numbers of circulating platelets. In patients, dysfunction of this regulation could cause thrombocytopenia or myeloproliferative syndromes. Since regulation of this pathway is still not completely understood, we investigated the role of the ubiquitin ligase c‐Cbl which was previously shown to negatively regulated c‐MPL signalling. We developed a new conditional mouse model using c‐Cblfl/flPf4Cre mice and demonstrated that platelet‐specific knockout of c‐Cbl led to severe microthrombocytosis and impaired uptake of TPO and c‐MPL receptor internalization. Furthermore, we characterized a constitutive STAT5 activation c‐Cbl KO platelets. This study identified c‐Cbl as a potential player in causing megakaryocytic and thrombocytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Märklin
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Tandler
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Thoracic Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Kardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin R Müller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Klinikum Region Hannover, KRH Klinikum Siloah, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Saur
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Jutzi JS, Mullally A. Remodeling the Bone Marrow Microenvironment - A Proposal for Targeting Pro-inflammatory Contributors in MPN. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2093. [PMID: 32983162 PMCID: PMC7489333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are malignant bone marrow (BM) disorders, typically arising from a single somatically mutated hematopoietic stem cell. The most commonly mutated genes, JAK2, CALR, and MPL lead to constitutively active JAK-STAT signaling. Common clinical features include myeloproliferation, splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms. This review covers the contributions of cellular components of MPN pathology (e.g., monocytes, megakaryocytes, and mesenchymal stromal cells) as well as cytokines and soluble mediators to the development of myelofibrosis (MF) and highlights recent therapeutic advances. These findings outline the importance of malignant and non-malignant BM constituents to the pathogenesis and treatment of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Samuel Jutzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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16
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Stegner D, Heinze KG. Intravital imaging of megakaryocytes. Platelets 2020; 31:599-609. [PMID: 32153253 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1738366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of platelet formation could only be investigated since the development of two-photon microscopy in combination with suitable fluorescent labeling strategies. In this review paper, we give an overview of recent advances in fluorescence imaging of the bone marrow that have contributed to our understanding of platelet biogenesis during the last decade. We make a brief survey through the perspectives and limitations of today's intravital imaging, but also discuss complementary methods that may help to piece together the puzzle of megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Bartalucci N, Guglielmelli P, Vannucchi AM. Polycythemia vera: the current status of preclinical models and therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:615-628. [PMID: 32366208 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1762176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycythemia vera (PV) is the most common myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). PV is characterized by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increased hematocrit, and hemoglobin in the peripheral blood. Splenomegaly and myelofibrosis often occur in PV patients. Almost all PV patients harbor a mutation in the JAK2 gene, mainly represented by the JAK2V617F point mutation. AREAS COVERED This article examines the recent in vitro and in vivo available models of PV and moreover, it offers insights on emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The evidence from mouse models, resembling a PV-like phenotype generated by different technical approaches, is discussed. The authors searched PubMed, books, and clinicaltrials.gov for original and review articles and drugs development status including the terms Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Polycythemia Vera, erythrocytosis, hematocrit, splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis, JAK2V617F, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, MPN cytoreductive therapy, JAK2 inhibitor, histone deacetylase inhibitor, PV-like phenotype, JAK2V617F BMT, transgenic JAK2V617F mouse, JAK2 physiologic promoter. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical models of PV are valuable tools for enabling an understanding of the pathophysiology and the molecular mechanisms of the disease. These models provide new biological insights on the contribution of concomitant mutations and the efficacy of novel drugs in a 'more faithful' setting. This may facilitate an enhanced understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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18
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Description of a knock-in mouse model of JAK2V617F MPN emerging from a minority of mutated hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2020; 134:2383-2387. [PMID: 31697834 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The major weakness of most knock-in JAK2V617F mouse models is the presence of the JAK2 mutation in all rather than in a few hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), such as in human "early-stage" myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Understanding the mechanisms of disease initiation is critical as underscored by the incidence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential associated with JAK2V617F. Currently, such studies require competitive transplantation. Here, we report a mouse model obtained by crossing JAK2V617F/WT knock-in mice with PF4iCre transgenic mice. As expected, PF4iCre;JAK2V617F/WT mice developed an early thrombocytosis resulting from the expression of JAK2V617F in the megakaryocytes. However, these mice then developed a polycythemia vera-like phenotype at 10 weeks of age. Using mT/mG reporter mice, we demonstrated that Cre recombination was present in all hematopoietic compartments, including in a low number of HSC. The frequency of mutated cells increased along hematopoietic differentiation mimicking the clonal expansion observed in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera patients. This model thus mimics the HSC compartment observed in early-stage MPN, with a small number of JAK2V617F HSC competing with a majority of JAK2WT HSC. PF4iCre;JAK2V617F/WT mice are a promising tool to investigate the mechanisms that regulate clonal dominance and progression to myelofibrosis.
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19
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Haining EJ, Lowe KL, Wichaiyo S, Kataru RP, Nagy Z, Kavanagh DP, Lax S, Di Y, Nieswandt B, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Mehrara BJ, Senis YA, Rayes J, Watson SP. Lymphatic blood filling in CLEC-2-deficient mouse models. Platelets 2020; 32:352-367. [PMID: 32129691 PMCID: PMC8443399 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1734784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is considered as a potential drug target in settings of wound healing, inflammation, and infection. A potential barrier to this is evidence that CLEC-2 and its ligand podoplanin play a critical role in preventing lymphatic vessel blood filling in mice throughout life. In this study, this aspect of CLEC-2/podoplanin function is investigated in more detail using new and established mouse models of CLEC-2 and podoplanin deficiency, and models of acute and chronic vascular remodeling. We report that CLEC-2 expression on platelets is not required to maintain a barrier between the blood and lymphatic systems in unchallenged mice, post-development. However, under certain conditions of chronic vascular remodeling, such as during tumorigenesis, deficiency in CLEC-2 can lead to lymphatic vessel blood filling. These data provide a new understanding of the function of CLEC-2 in adult mice and confirm the essential nature of CLEC-2-driven platelet activation in vascular developmental programs. This work expands our understanding of how lymphatic blood filling is prevented by CLEC-2-dependent platelet function and provides a context for the development of safe targeting strategies for CLEC-2 and podoplanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Haining
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate L Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Surasak Wichaiyo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dean Pj Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sian Lax
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg and University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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20
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Susanto O, Hickey MJ. Using imaging to study inflammatory platelet–leukocyte interactions in vivo. Platelets 2020; 31:610-617. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1718632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Susanto
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael J. Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia
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21
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McKinsey GL, Lizama CO, Keown-Lang AE, Niu A, Santander N, Larpthaveesarp A, Chee E, Gonzalez FF, Arnold TD. A new genetic strategy for targeting microglia in development and disease. eLife 2020; 9:54590. [PMID: 32573436 PMCID: PMC7375817 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, microglia are crucial for the phagocytosis of infectious agents, apoptotic cells and synapses. During brain injury or infection, bone-marrow derived macrophages invade neural tissue, making it difficult to distinguish between invading macrophages and resident microglia. In addition to circulation-derived monocytes, other non-microglial central nervous system (CNS) macrophage subtypes include border-associated meningeal, perivascular and choroid plexus macrophages. Using immunofluorescent labeling, flow cytometry and Cre-dependent ribosomal immunoprecipitations, we describe P2ry12-CreER, a new tool for the genetic targeting of microglia. We use this new tool to track microglia during embryonic development and in the context of ischemic injury and neuroinflammation. Because of the specificity and robustness of microglial recombination with P2ry12-CreER, we believe that this new mouse line will be particularly useful for future studies of microglial function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L McKinsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Amber E Keown-Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Abraham Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nicolas Santander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Amara Larpthaveesarp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Elin Chee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Fernando F Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Thomas D Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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22
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Alvarez MB, Xu L, Childress PJ, Maupin KA, Mohamad SF, Chitteti BR, Himes E, Olivos DJ, Cheng YH, Conway SJ, Srour EF, Kacena MA. Megakaryocyte and Osteoblast Interactions Modulate Bone Mass and Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:671-682. [PMID: 29631496 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that megakaryocytes (MK) play key roles in regulating skeletal homeostasis and hematopoiesis. To test if the loss of MK negatively impacts osteoblastogenesis and hematopoiesis, we generated conditional knockout mice where Mpl, the receptor for the main MK growth factor, thrombopoietin, was deleted specifically in MK (Mplf/f;PF4cre). Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks of age, these mice exhibited a 10-fold increase in platelets, a significant expansion of hematopoietic/mesenchymal precursors, and a remarkable 20-fold increase in femoral midshaft bone volume. We then investigated whether MK support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function through the interaction of MK with osteoblasts (OB). LSK cells (Lin-Sca1+CD117+, enriched HSC population) were co-cultured with OB+MK for 1 week (1wk OB+MK+LSK) or OB alone (1wk OB+LSK). A significant increase in colony-forming units was observed with cells from 1wk OB+MK cultures. Competitive repopulation studies demonstrated significantly higher engraftment in mice transplanted with cells from 1wk OB+MK+LSK cultures compared to 1wk OB+LSK or LSK cultured alone for 1 week. Furthermore, single-cell expression analysis of OB cultured±MK revealed adiponectin as the most significantly upregulated MK-induced gene, which is required for optimal long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Understanding the interactions between MK, OB, and HSC can inform the development of novel treatments to enhance both HSC recovery following myelosuppressive injuries, as well as bone loss diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Alvarez
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - LinLin Xu
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul J Childress
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin A Maupin
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Evan Himes
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David J Olivos
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Simon J Conway
- 3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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23
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Woods B, Chen W, Chiu S, Marinaccio C, Fu C, Gu L, Bulic M, Yang Q, Zouak A, Jia S, Suraneni PK, Xu K, Levine RL, Crispino JD, Wen QJ. Activation of JAK/STAT Signaling in Megakaryocytes Sustains Myeloproliferation In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5901-5912. [PMID: 31217200 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis, are characterized by the expansion of the erythroid, megakaryocytic, and granulocytic lineages. A common feature of these disorders is the presence of abnormal megakaryocytes, which have been implicated as causative agents in the development of bone marrow fibrosis. However, the specific contributions of megakaryocytes to MPN pathogenesis remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used Pf4-Cre transgenic mice to drive expression of JAK2V617F in megakaryocyte lineage-committed hematopoietic cells. We also assessed the critical role of mutant megakaryocytes in MPN maintenance through cell ablation studies in JAK2V617F and MPLW515L BMT models of MPN. RESULTS JAK2V617F -mutant presence in megakaryocytes was sufficient to induce enhanced erythropoiesis and promote fibrosis, which leads to a myeloproliferative state with expansion of mutant and nonmutant hematopoietic cells. The increased erythropoiesis was associated with elevated IL6 level, which was also required for aberrant erythropoiesis in vivo. Furthermore, depletion of megakaryocytes in the JAK2V617F and MPLW515L BMT models ameliorated polycythemia and leukocytosis in addition to expected effects on megakaryopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS Our observations reveal that JAK/STAT pathway activation in megakaryocytes induces myeloproliferation and is necessary for MPN maintenance in vivo. These observations indicate that MPN clone can influence the behavior of the wild-type hematopoietic milieu, at least, in part, via altered production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our findings resonate with patients who present with a clinical MPN and a low JAK2V617F allele burden, and support the development of MPN therapies aimed at targeting megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Woods
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wei Chen
- Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sophia Chiu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Chunling Fu
- Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lilly Gu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marinka Bulic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Anouar Zouak
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shengxian Jia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qiang Jeremy Wen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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Mariani SA, Li Z, Rice S, Krieg C, Fragkogianni S, Robinson M, Vink CS, Pollard JW, Dzierzak E. Pro-inflammatory Aorta-Associated Macrophages Are Involved in Embryonic Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Immunity 2019; 50:1439-1452.e5. [PMID: 31178352 PMCID: PMC6591003 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated from specialized endothelial cells of the embryonic aorta. Inflammatory factors are implicated in regulating mouse HSC development, but which cells in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) microenvironment produce these factors is unknown. In the adult, macrophages play both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. We sought to examine whether macrophages or other hematopoietic cells found in the embryo prior to HSC generation were involved in the AGM HSC-generative microenvironment. CyTOF analysis of CD45+ AGM cells revealed predominance of two hematopoietic cell types, mannose-receptor positive macrophages and mannose-receptor negative myeloid cells. We show here that macrophage appearance in the AGM was dependent on the chemokine receptor Cx3cr1. These macrophages expressed a pro-inflammatory signature, localized to the aorta, and dynamically interacted with nascent and emerging intra-aortic hematopoietic cells (IAHCs). Importantly, upon macrophage depletion, no adult-repopulating HSCs were detected, thus implicating a role for pro-inflammatory AGM-associated macrophages in regulating the development of HSCs. Yolk-sac-derived macrophages are the most abundant hematopoietic cells in the AGM Cx3cr1 mediates yolk-sac macrophage progenitor recruitment to the AGM niche AGM macrophages dynamically interact with emerging intra-aortic hematopoietic cells Pro-inflammatory AGM macrophages are positive regulators of HSC generation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuan Li
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siobhan Rice
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Lee KM, Wilson GJ, Pingen M, Fukuoka A, Hansell CAH, Bartolini R, Medina-Ruiz L, Graham GJ. Placental chemokine compartmentalisation: A novel mammalian molecular control mechanism. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000287. [PMID: 31141500 PMCID: PMC6557524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) is a chemokine-scavenging receptor. ACKR2–/–embryos display a reduction in size of a novel, to our knowledge, embryonic skin macrophage population referred to as ‘intermediate’ cells. CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)–/–embryos display an identical phenotype, indicating that these cells require CCR2 to enable them to populate embryonic skin. Further analysis revealed that ACKR2–/–embryos have higher circulating concentrations of the CCR2 ligand, CC ligand 2 (CCL2); thus, ACKR2 regulates intraembryonic CCL2 levels. We show that ACKR2 is strongly expressed by trophoblasts and that it blocks movement of inflammatory chemokines, such as CCL2, from the maternal decidua into the embryonic circulation. We propose that trophoblastic ACKR2 is responsible for ensuring chemokine compartmentalisation on the maternal decidua, without which chemokines enter the embryonic circulation, disrupting gradients essential for directed intraembryonic cell migration. Overall, therefore, we describe a novel, to our knowledge, molecular mechanism whereby maternal decidual chemokines can function in a compartmentalised fashion without interfering with intraembryonic leukocyte migration. These data suggest similar functions for other atypical chemokine receptors in the placenta and indicate that defects in such receptors may have unanticipated developmental consequences. A novel mechanism for molecular compartmentalisation in the placenta involves an atypical chemokine receptor that scavenges chemokines, blocking their drainage from the maternal face of the placenta into the embryo and thus protecting intraembryonic cellular migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Ming Lee
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian J. Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ayumi Fukuoka
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. H. Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard J. Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Kilani B, Gourdou-Latyszenok V, Guy A, Bats ML, Peghaire C, Parrens M, Renault MA, Duplàa C, Villeval JL, Rautou PE, Couffinhal T, James C. Comparison of endothelial promoter efficiency and specificity in mice reveals a subset of Pdgfb-positive hematopoietic cells. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:827-840. [PMID: 30801958 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials To reliably study the respective roles of blood and endothelial cells in hemostasis, mouse models with a strong and specific endothelial expression of the Cre recombinase are needed. Using mT/mG reporter mice and conditional JAK2V617F/WT mice, we compared Pdgfb-iCreERT2 and Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2 with well-characterized Tie2-Cre mice. Comparison of recombination efficiency and specificity towards blood lineage reveals major differences between endothelial transgenic mice. Cre-mediated recombination occurs in a small number of adult hematopoietic stem cells in Pdgfb-iCreERT2;JAK2V617F/WT transgenic mice. SUMMARY: Background The vessel wall, and particularly blood endothelial cells (BECs), are intensively studied to better understand hemostasis and target thrombosis. To understand the specific role of BECs, it is important to have mouse models that allow specific and homogeneous expression of genes of interest in all BEC beds without concomitant expression in blood cells. Inducible Pdgfb-iCreERT2 and Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2 transgenic mice are widely used for BEC targeting. However, issues remain in terms of recombination efficiency and specificity regarding hematopoietic cells. Objectives To determine which mouse model to choose when strong expression of a transgene is required in adult BECs from various organs, without concomitant expression in hematopoietic cells. Methods Using mT/mG reporter mice to measure recombination efficiency and conditional JAK2V617F/WT mice to assess specificity regarding hematopoietic cells, we compared Pdgfb-iCreERT2 and Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2 with well-characterized Tie2-Cre mice. Results Adult Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2 mice are endothelial specific but require a dose of 10 mg of tamoxifen to allow constant Cre expression. Pdgfb-iCreERT2 mice injected with 5 mg of tamoxifen are appropriate for most endothelial research fields except liver studies, as hepatic sinusoid ECs are not recombined. Surprisingly, 2 months after induction of Cre-mediated recombination, all Pdgfb-iCreERT2;JAK2V617F/WT mice developed a myeloproliferative neoplasm that is related to the presence of JAK2V617F in hematopoietic cells, showing for the first time that Cre-mediated recombination occurs in a small number of adult hematopoietic stem cells in Pdgfb-iCreERT2 transgenic mice. Conclusion This study provides useful guidelines for choosing the best mouse line to study the role of BECs in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Kilani
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1034, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | | | - Alexandre Guy
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1034, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Marie-Lise Bats
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1034, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Claire Peghaire
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1034, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Marie Parrens
- CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1034, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Cecile Duplàa
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1034, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | | | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1034, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, F-33600, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, service des Maladies Cardiaques et Vasculaires, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Chloe James
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1034, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, F-33600, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, F-33600, Pessac, France
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27
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Characterization of Mice with a Platelet-Specific Deletion of the Adapter Molecule ADAP. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00365-18. [PMID: 30833485 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00365-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) is expressed in T cells, NK cells, myeloid cells, and platelets. The involvement of ADAP in the regulation of receptor-mediated inside-out signaling leading to integrin activation is well characterized, especially in T cells and in platelets. Due to the fact that animal studies using conventional knockout mice are limited by the overlapping effects of the different ADAP-expressing cells, we generated conditional ADAP knockout mice (ADAPfl/fl PF4-Cretg) (PF4, platelet factor 4). We observed that loss of ADAP restricted to the megakaryocytic lineage has no impact on other hematopoietic cells even under stimulation conditions. ADAPfl/fl PF4-Cretg mice showed thrombocytopenia in combination with reduced plasma levels of PF4 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). In vitro, platelets from these mice revealed reduced P-selectin expression, lower levels of TGF-β1 release, diminished integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and decreased fibrinogen binding after stimulation with podoplanin, the ligand of C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). Furthermore, loss of ADAP was associated with impaired CLEC-2-mediated activation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice lacking ADAP expression in platelets caused a more severe disease. In vivo administration of TGF-β1 early after T cell transfer reduced EAE severity in mice with loss of ADAP restricted to platelets. Our results reveal a regulatory function of ADAP in platelets in vitro and during autoimmune disease EAE in vivo.
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28
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Psaila B, Mead AJ. Single-cell approaches reveal novel cellular pathways for megakaryocyte and erythroid differentiation. Blood 2019; 133:1427-1435. [PMID: 30728145 PMCID: PMC6443046 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-835371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical model of hematopoiesis proposes a hierarchy in which a small number of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain all blood lineages by giving rise to progeny that pass through discrete progenitor stages. At each stage, lineage differentiation potential is restricted, coupled with the loss of ability to self-renew. Recently, single-cell approaches have been used to test certain assumptions made by this model, in particular relating to megakaryocyte (Mk) and erythroid (E) development. An alternative model has emerged in which substantial heterogeneity and lineage-priming exists within the HSC compartment, including the existence of multipotent but megakaryocyte/platelet-biased HSCs. Hematopoietic differentiation follows a hierarchical continuum, passing through cellular nodes and branch points. Megakaryocytes are produced via a shared pathway with the erythroid lineage, also shared in its early stages with mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, but separate from other myeloid and lymphoid lineages. In addition, distinct pathways for direct differentiation of Mk from HSCs may coexist and could be important in situations of increased physiological requirements or in malignancies. Further work at single-cell resolution using multiomic approaches and examining Mk-E biased subsets within their physiological context will undoubtedly improve our understanding of normal hematopoiesis and ability to manipulate this in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Psaila
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM). University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam J Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM). University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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30
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Nagy Z, Vögtle T, Geer MJ, Mori J, Heising S, Di Nunzio G, Gareus R, Tarakhovsky A, Weiss A, Neel BG, Desanti GE, Mazharian A, Senis YA. The Gp1ba-Cre transgenic mouse: a new model to delineate platelet and leukocyte functions. Blood 2019; 133:331-343. [PMID: 30429161 PMCID: PMC6484457 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-09-877787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional knockout (KO) mouse models are invaluable for elucidating the physiological roles of platelets. The Platelet factor 4-Cre recombinase (Pf4-Cre) transgenic mouse is the current model of choice for generating megakaryocyte/platelet-specific KO mice. Platelets and leukocytes work closely together in a wide range of disease settings, yet the specific contribution of platelets to these processes remains unclear. This is partially a result of the Pf4-Cre transgene being expressed in a variety of leukocyte populations. To overcome this issue, we developed a Gp1ba-Cre transgenic mouse strain in which Cre expression is driven by the endogenous Gp1ba locus. By crossing Gp1ba-Cre and Pf4-Cre mice to the mT/mG dual-fluorescence reporter mouse and performing a head-to-head comparison, we demonstrate more stringent megakaryocyte lineage-specific expression of the Gp1ba-Cre transgene. Broader tissue expression was observed with the Pf4-Cre transgene, leading to recombination in many hematopoietic lineages, including monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic and B and T cells. Direct comparison of phenotypes of Csk, Shp1, or CD148 conditional KO mice generated using either the Gp1ba-Cre or Pf4-Cre strains revealed similar platelet phenotypes. However, additional inflammatory and immunological anomalies were observed in Pf4-Cre-generated KO mice as a result of nonspecific deletion in other hematopoietic lineages. By excluding leukocyte contributions to phenotypes, the Gp1ba-Cre mouse will advance our understanding of the role of platelets in inflammation and other pathophysiological processes in which platelet-leukocyte interactions are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell J Geer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Mori
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Heising
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Giada Di Nunzio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander Tarakhovsky
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY; and
| | - Guillaume E Desanti
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Mazharian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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31
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Kaufmann E, Sanz J, Dunn JL, Khan N, Mendonça LE, Pacis A, Tzelepis F, Pernet E, Dumaine A, Grenier JC, Mailhot-Léonard F, Ahmed E, Belle J, Besla R, Mazer B, King IL, Nijnik A, Robbins CS, Barreiro LB, Divangahi M. BCG Educates Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Generate Protective Innate Immunity against Tuberculosis. Cell 2018; 172:176-190.e19. [PMID: 29328912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dogma that adaptive immunity is the only arm of the immune response with memory capacity has been recently challenged by several studies demonstrating evidence for memory-like innate immune training. However, the underlying mechanisms and location for generating such innate memory responses in vivo remain unknown. Here, we show that access of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to the bone marrow (BM) changes the transcriptional landscape of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs), leading to local cell expansion and enhanced myelopoiesis at the expense of lymphopoiesis. Importantly, BCG-educated HSCs generate epigenetically modified macrophages that provide significantly better protection against virulent M. tuberculosis infection than naïve macrophages. By using parabiotic and chimeric mice, as well as adoptive transfer approaches, we demonstrate that training of the monocyte/macrophage lineage via BCG-induced HSC reprogramming is sustainable in vivo. Our results indicate that targeting the HSC compartment provides a novel approach for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kaufmann
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Joaquin Sanz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Dunn
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nargis Khan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Laura E Mendonça
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alain Pacis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Fanny Tzelepis
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anne Dumaine
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | | | - Eisha Ahmed
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jad Belle
- Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bruce Mazer
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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32
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Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Aurbach K, Spindler M, Haining EJ, Bender M, Pleines I. Blood collection, platelet isolation and measurement of platelet count and size in mice-a practical guide. Platelets 2018; 30:698-707. [PMID: 30346859 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1528345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inherited or acquired disorders of platelet production and function can result in thrombocytopenia and bleeding. Mouse models have proven useful for investigating the mechanisms that underlie these defects in humans. Precise methods for blood withdrawal, platelet isolation and measurement of platelet parameters are key for the generation of reproducible and conclusive data. Here, we provide three different protocols for mouse platelet isolation to encourage research knowledge transfer between experienced laboratories, while at the same time enabling less experienced researchers to implement a protocol that best suits their local expertise and equipment. We also address the issue that reported mouse platelet count and size vary considerably in the literature by investigating different factors that influence these important platelet parameters, namely: 1) genetic background and gender, 2) choice of analysis method (hematological analyzer or flow cytometry), 3) dilution of the blood sample and 4) choice of anticoagulant. The herein presented results and considerations may serve as a practical guide for both experienced and new researchers in the platelet field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Aurbach
- a Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Markus Spindler
- a Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Elizabeth J Haining
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham, Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
| | - Markus Bender
- a Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Irina Pleines
- a Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
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34
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Zhang Y, Lin CHS, Kaushansky K, Zhan H. JAK2V617F Megakaryocytes Promote Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Expansion in Mice Through Thrombopoietin/MPL Signaling. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1676-1684. [PMID: 30005133 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are stem cell disorders characterized by hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion and overproduction of mature blood cells. The acquired kinase mutation JAK2V617F plays a central role in these disorders. The mechanisms responsible for HSPC expansion in MPNs are not fully understood, limiting the effectiveness of current treatments. One hallmark feature of the marrow in patients with MPNs is megakaryocyte (MK) hyperplasia. Previously, we reported that JAK2V617F-bearing MKs cause a murine myeloproliferative syndrome with HSPC expansion. Here we show that JAK2V617F MKs promote MPN stem cell function by inducing HSPC quiescence with increased repopulating capacity. In addition, we demonstrate that thrombopoietin and its receptor MPL are critical for the JAK2V617F-bearing MK-induced myeloproliferation, both by directly affecting the quantity and quality of MKs and by altering the MK-endothelial interaction and vascular niche function. Therefore, targeting HSPC niche-forming MKs and/or their interactions within the vascular niche could provide novel, more effective therapeutic strategies in patients with MPNs. Stem Cells 2018;36:1676-1684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Hua Sarah Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Office of the Sr. Vice President, Health Sciences, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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35
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Pleines I, Cherpokova D, Bender M. Rho GTPases and their downstream effectors in megakaryocyte biology. Platelets 2018; 30:9-16. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1478071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pleines
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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36
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Da Q, Derry PJ, Lam FW, Rumbaut RE. Fluorescent labeling of endogenous platelets for intravital microscopy: Effects on platelet function. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12457. [PMID: 29701894 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monitoring endogenous platelets during intravital microscopy often involves two approaches: fluorescently labeled antibodies or genetic models of platelet-specific fluorescent protein expression. Due to limited data available on platelet functional changes induced by these methods, we compared functional effects of these methods on platelets. METHODS Platelet aggregation to collagen and thrombin, and collagen matrix-mediated platelet adhesion/aggregation under flow were tested. We assessed platelets from mice expressing EYFP on platelets (Cre(+)), littermate controls (Cre(-)), C57BL/6 mice, and platelets from vehicle control and x-488 treatment. We utilized intravital microscopy to monitor platelets in vivo using Cre(+) mice and x-488 treatment. RESULTS Both genetic and antibody-based approaches yielded substantial platelet-specific fluorescence. Platelets from Cre(+) and Cre(-) mice behaved similarly in aggregation and adhesion/aggregation under flow. However, they exhibited significantly enhanced aggregation and higher adhesion/aggregation as compared to platelets from C57BL/6 mice. Compared to vehicle control, x-488 platelet labeling did not induce significant functional changes in vitro. Both methods of platelet labeling provided satisfactory platelet detectability in vivo. CONCLUSIONS x-488 antibody labeling of platelets induced less alteration of platelet function than genetic approaches under our experimental conditions and seems more suitable for monitoring of endogenous platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Da
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Derry
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fong W Lam
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rolando E Rumbaut
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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37
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Jian J, Pang Y, Yan HH, Min Y, Achyut BR, Hollander MC, Lin PC, Liang X, Yang L. Platelet factor 4 is produced by subsets of myeloid cells in premetastatic lung and inhibits tumor metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27725-27739. [PMID: 27223426 PMCID: PMC5438604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells can form a premetastatic niche and provide a tumor-promoting microenvironment. However, subsets of myeloid cells have also been reported to have anti-tumor properties. It is not clear whether there is a transition between anti- and pro- tumor function of these myeloid cells, and if so, what are the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we report platelet factor 4 (PF4), or CXCL4, but not the other family members CXCL9, 10, and 11, was produced at higher levels in the normal lung and early stage premetastatic lungs but decreased in later stage lungs. PF4 was mostly produced by Ly6G+CD11b+ myeloid cell subset. Although the number of Ly6G+CD11b+ cells was increased in the premetastatic lungs, the expression level of PF4 in these cells was decreased during the metastatic progression. Deletion of PF4 (PF4 knockout or KO mice) led an increased metastasis suggesting an inhibitory function of PF4. There were two underlying mechanisms: decreased blood vessel integrity in the premetastatic lungs and increased production of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumor-bearing PF4 KO mice. In cancer patients, PF4 expression levels were negatively correlated with tumor stage and positively correlated with patient survival. Our studies suggest that PF4 is a critical anti-tumor factor in the premetastatic site. Our finding of PF4 function in the tumor host provides new insight to the mechanistic understanding of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jian
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Pang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Current address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - H Hannah Yan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongfen Min
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bhagelu R Achyut
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M Christine Hollander
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Charles Lin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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38
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Clonal analysis of lineage fate in native haematopoiesis. Nature 2018; 553:212-216. [PMID: 29323290 PMCID: PMC5884107 DOI: 10.1038/nature25168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process of mature blood and immune cell production, is functionally organized as a hierarchy, with self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells sitting at the very top1,2. Multiple models have been proposed as to what the earliest lineage choices are in these primitive hematopoietic compartments, the cellular intermediates, and the resulting lineage trees that emerge from them3–10. Given that the bulk of studies addressing lineage outcomes have been performed in the context of hematopoietic transplantation, current lineage branching models are more likely to represent roadmaps of lineage potential rather than native fate. Here, we utilize transposon (Tn) tagging to clonally trace the fates of progenitors and stem cells in unperturbed hematopoiesis. Our results describe a distinct clonal roadmap in which the megakaryocyte (Mk) lineage arises largely independently of other hematopoietic fates. Our data, combined with single cell RNAseq, identify a functional hierarchy of uni- and oligolineage producing clones within the MPP population. Finally, our results demonstrate that traditionally defined long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) are a significant source of Mk-restricted progenitors, suggesting that the Mk-lineage is the predominant native fate of LT-HSCs. Our study provides evidence for a substantially revised roadmap for unperturbed hematopoiesis, and highlights unique properties of MPPs and HSCs in situ.
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39
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Latorre-Rey LJ, Wintterle S, Dütting S, Kohlscheen S, Abel T, Schenk F, Wingert S, Rieger MA, Nieswandt B, Heinz N, Modlich U. Targeting expression to megakaryocytes and platelets by lineage-specific lentiviral vectors. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:341-355. [PMID: 27930847 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Platelet phenotypes can be modified by lentiviral transduction of hematopoietic stem cells. Megakaryocyte-specific lentiviral vectors were tested in vitro and in vivo for restricted expression. The glycoprotein 6 vector expressed almost exclusively in megakaryocytes. The platelet factor 4 vector was the strongest but with activity in hematopoietic stem cells. SUMMARY Background Lentiviral transduction and transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be utilized to modify the phenotype of megakaryocytes and platelets. As the genetic modification in HSCs is transmitted onto all hematopoietic progenies, transgene expression from the vector should be restricted to megakaryocytes to avoid un-physiologic effects by ectopic transgene expression. This can be achieved by lentiviral vectors that control expression by lineage-specific promoters. Methods In this study, we introduced promoters of megakaryocyte/platelet-specific genes, namely human glycoprotein 6 (hGP6) and hGP9, into third generation lentiviral vectors and analyzed their functionality in vitro and in vivo in bone marrow transplantation assays. Their specificity and efficiency of expression was compared with lentiviral vectors utilizing the promoters of murine platelet factor 4 (mPf4) and hGP1BA, both with strong activity in megakaryocytes (MKs) used in earlier studies, and the ubiquitously expressing phosphoglycerate kinase (hPGK) and spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) enhancer/promoters. Results Expression from the mPf4 vector in MKs and platelets was the strongest similar to expression from the viral SFFV promoter, however, the mPf4 vector, also exhibited considerable off-target expression in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In contrast, the newly generated hGP6 vector was highly specific to megakaryocytes and platelets. The specificity was also retained when reducing the promoter size to 350 bp, making it a valuable new tool for lentiviral expression in MKs/platelets. Conclusion MK-specific vectors express preferentially in the megakaryocyte lineage. These vectors can be applied to develop murine models to study megakaryocyte and platelet function, or for gene therapy targeting proteins to platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Latorre-Rey
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - S Wintterle
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Dütting
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine-Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Kohlscheen
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - T Abel
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - F Schenk
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - S Wingert
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M A Rieger
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine-Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Heinz
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - U Modlich
- Research Groups for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
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40
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Sinclair A, Park L, Shah M, Drotar M, Calaminus S, Hopcroft LEM, Kinstrie R, Guitart AV, Dunn K, Abraham SA, Sansom O, Michie AM, Machesky L, Kranc KR, Graham GJ, Pellicano F, Holyoake TL. CXCR2 and CXCL4 regulate survival and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood 2016; 128:371-83. [PMID: 27222476 PMCID: PMC4991087 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-661785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) survival and self-renewal within the bone marrow (BM) niche is not well understood. We therefore investigated global transcriptomic profiling of normal human HSC/hematopoietic progenitor cells [HPCs], revealing that several chemokine ligands (CXCL1-4, CXCL6, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13) were upregulated in human quiescent CD34(+)Hoescht(-)Pyronin Y(-) and primitive CD34(+)38(-), as compared with proliferating CD34(+)Hoechst(+)Pyronin Y(+) and CD34(+)38(+) stem/progenitor cells. This suggested that chemokines might play an important role in the homeostasis of HSCs. In human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells, knockdown of CXCL4 or pharmacologic inhibition of the chemokine receptor CXCR2, significantly decreased cell viability and colony forming cell (CFC) potential. Studies on Cxcr2(-/-) mice demonstrated enhanced BM and spleen cellularity, with significantly increased numbers of HSCs, hematopoietic progenitor cell-1 (HPC-1), HPC-2, and Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) subpopulations. Cxcr2(-/-) stem/progenitor cells showed reduced self-renewal capacity as measured in serial transplantation assays. Parallel studies on Cxcl4 demonstrated reduced numbers of CFC in primary and secondary assays following knockdown in murine c-Kit(+) cells, and Cxcl4(-/-) mice showed a decrease in HSC and reduced self-renewal capacity after secondary transplantation. These data demonstrate that the CXCR2 network and CXCL4 play a role in the maintenance of normal HSC/HPC cell fates, including survival and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Sinclair
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Park
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mansi Shah
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Drotar
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Calaminus
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa E M Hopcroft
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Kinstrie
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amelie V Guitart
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sheela A Abraham
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
| | - Alison M Michie
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Machesky
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Pellicano
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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41
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Matcovitch-Natan O, Winter DR, Giladi A, Vargas Aguilar S, Spinrad A, Sarrazin S, Ben-Yehuda H, David E, Zelada González F, Perrin P, Keren-Shaul H, Gury M, Lara-Astaiso D, Thaiss CA, Cohen M, Bahar Halpern K, Baruch K, Deczkowska A, Lorenzo-Vivas E, Itzkovitz S, Elinav E, Sieweke MH, Schwartz M, Amit I. Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain homeostasis. Science 2016; 353:aad8670. [PMID: 27338705 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the central nervous system, play important roles in life-long brain maintenance and in pathology. Despite their importance, their regulatory dynamics during brain development have not been fully elucidated. Using genome-wide chromatin and expression profiling coupled with single-cell transcriptomic analysis throughout development, we found that microglia undergo three temporal stages of development in synchrony with the brain--early, pre-, and adult microglia--which are under distinct regulatory circuits. Knockout of the gene encoding the adult microglia transcription factor MAFB and environmental perturbations, such as those affecting the microbiome or prenatal immune activation, led to disruption of developmental genes and immune response pathways. Together, our work identifies a stepwise microglia developmental program integrating immune response pathways that may be associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Matcovitch-Natan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deborah R Winter
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stephanie Vargas Aguilar
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France. Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straß 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amit Spinrad
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sandrine Sarrazin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fabiola Zelada González
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Perrin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meital Gury
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Lara-Astaiso
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Kuti Baruch
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France. Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straß 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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42
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Vukovic M, Sepulveda C, Subramani C, Guitart AV, Mohr J, Allen L, Panagopoulou TI, Paris J, Lawson H, Villacreces A, Armesilla-Diaz A, Gezer D, Holyoake TL, Ratcliffe PJ, Kranc KR. Adult hematopoietic stem cells lacking Hif-1α self-renew normally. Blood 2016; 127:2841-6. [PMID: 27060169 PMCID: PMC4956613 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-677138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool is maintained under hypoxic conditions within the bone marrow microenvironment. Cellular responses to hypoxia are largely mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors, Hif-1 and Hif-2. The oxygen-regulated α subunits of Hif-1 and Hif-2 (namely, Hif-1α and Hif-2α) form dimers with their stably expressed β subunits and control the transcription of downstream hypoxia-responsive genes to facilitate adaptation to low oxygen tension. An initial study concluded that Hif-1α is essential for HSC maintenance, whereby Hif-1α-deficient HSCs lost their ability to self-renew in serial transplantation assays. In another study, we demonstrated that Hif-2α is dispensable for cell-autonomous HSC maintenance, both under steady-state conditions and following transplantation. Given these unexpected findings, we set out to revisit the role of Hif-1α in cell-autonomous HSC functions. Here we demonstrate that inducible acute deletion of Hif-1α has no impact on HSC survival. Notably, unstressed HSCs lacking Hif-1α efficiently self-renew and sustain long-term multilineage hematopoiesis upon serial transplantation. Finally, Hif-1α-deficient HSCs recover normally after hematopoietic injury induced by serial administration of 5-fluorouracil. We therefore conclude that despite the hypoxic nature of the bone marrow microenvironment, Hif-1α is dispensable for cell-autonomous HSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vukovic
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Sepulveda
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chithra Subramani
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amélie V Guitart
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Mohr
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Allen
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Theano I Panagopoulou
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmin Paris
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Lawson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Villacreces
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Deniz Gezer
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Klinik fuer Haematologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Universitaetsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Meinders M, Hoogenboezem M, Scheenstra MR, De Cuyper IM, Papadopoulos P, Németh T, Mócsai A, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW, Gutiérrez L. Repercussion of Megakaryocyte-Specific Gata1 Loss on Megakaryopoiesis and the Hematopoietic Precursor Compartment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154342. [PMID: 27152938 PMCID: PMC4859556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During hematopoiesis, transcriptional programs are essential for the commitment and differentiation of progenitors into the different blood lineages. GATA1 is a transcription factor expressed in several hematopoietic lineages and essential for proper erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Megakaryocyte-specific genes, such as GP1BA, are known to be directly regulated by GATA1. Mutations in GATA1 can lead to dyserythropoietic anemia and pseudo gray-platelet syndrome. Selective loss of Gata1 expression in adult mice results in macrothrombocytopenia with platelet dysfunction, characterized by an excess of immature megakaryocytes. To specifically analyze the impact of Gata1 loss in mature committed megakaryocytes, we generated Gata1-Lox|Pf4-Cre mice (Gata1cKOMK). Consistent with previous findings, Gata1cKOMK mice are macrothrombocytopenic with platelet dysfunction. Supporting this notion we demonstrate that Gata1 regulates directly the transcription of Syk, a tyrosine kinase that functions downstream of Clec2 and GPVI receptors in megakaryocytes and platelets. Furthermore, we show that Gata1cKOMK mice display an additional aberrant megakaryocyte differentiation stage. Interestingly, these mice present a misbalance of the multipotent progenitor compartment and the erythroid lineage, which translates into compensatory stress erythropoiesis and splenomegaly. Despite the severe thrombocytopenia, Gata1cKOMK mice display a mild reduction of TPO plasma levels, and Gata1cKOMK megakaryocytes show a mild increase in Pf4 mRNA levels; such a misbalance might be behind the general hematopoietic defects observed, affecting locally normal TPO and Pf4 levels at hematopoietic stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Meinders
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogenboezem
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, UvA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R. Scheenstra
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris M. De Cuyper
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petros Papadopoulos
- Dept. of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamás Németh
- Dept. of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Dept. of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE “Lendület” Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), UvA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Dept. of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Dept. of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Zhan H, Ma Y, Lin CHS, Kaushansky K. JAK2 V617F-mutant megakaryocytes contribute to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion in a model of murine myeloproliferation. Leukemia 2016; 30:2332-2341. [PMID: 27133820 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion and overproduction of mature blood cells. The JAK2V617F mutation is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs, but the mechanism(s) responsible for MPN stem cell expansion remain incomplete. One hallmark feature of the marrow in patients with MPNs is megakaryocyte (MK) hyperplasia. We report here that mice bearing a human JAK2V617F gene restricted exclusively to the MK lineage develop many of the features of a MPN. Specifically, these mice exhibit thrombocytosis, splenomegaly, increased numbers of marrow and splenic hematopoietic progenitors and a substantial expansion of HSPCs. In addition, wild-type mice transplanted with cells from JAK2V617F-bearing MK marrow develop a myeloproliferative syndrome with thrombocytosis and erythrocytosis as well as pan-hematopoietic progenitor and stem cell expansion. As marrow histology in this murine model of myeloproliferation reveals a preferentially perivascular localization of JAK2V617F-mutant MKs and an increased marrow sinusoid vascular density, it adds to accumulating data that MKs are an important component of the marrow HSPC niche, and that MK expansion might indirectly contribute to the critical role of the thrombopoietin/c-Mpl signaling pathway in HSPC maintenance and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C H S Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - K Kaushansky
- Office of the Sr Vice President, Health Sciences, Stony Brook Medicine, NY, USA
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Ichise H, Ichise T, Yoshida N. Phospholipase Cγ2 Is Required for Luminal Expansion of the Epididymal Duct during Postnatal Development in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150521. [PMID: 26950550 PMCID: PMC4780702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2)-deficient mice exhibit misconnections of blood and lymphatic vessels, and male infertility. However, the cell type responsible for vascular partitioning and the mechanism for male infertility remain unknown. Accordingly, we generated a mouse line that conditionally expresses endogenous Plcg2 in a Cre/loxP recombination-dependent manner, and found that Tie2-Cre- or Pf4-Cre-driven reactivation of Plcg2 rescues PLCγ2-deficient mice from the vascular phenotype. By contrast, male mice rescued from the vascular phenotype exhibited epididymal sperm granulomas. As judged from immunostaining, PLCγ2 was expressed in clear cells in the epididymis. PLCγ2 deficiency did not compromise differentiation of epididymal epithelial cells, including clear cells, and tube formation at postnatal week 2. However, luminal expansion of the epididymal duct was impaired during the prepubertal period, regardless of epithelial cell polarity and tube architecture. These results suggest that PLCγ2-deficient clear cells cause impaired luminal expansion, stenosis of the epididymal duct, attenuation of luminal flow, and subsequent sperm granulomas. Clear cell-mediated luminal expansion is also supported by the observation that PLCγ2-deficient males were rescued from infertility by epididymal epithelium-specific reactivation of Plcg2, although the edematous and hemorrhagic phenotype associated with PLCγ2 deficiency also caused spontaneous epididymal sperm granulomas in aging males. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PLCγ2 in clear cells plays an essential role in luminal expansion of the epididymis during the prepubertal period in mice, and reveal an unexpected link between PLCγ2, clear cells, and epididymal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Ichise
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Taeko Ichise
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Abstract
Rho GTPases are critical for platelet function. Although the roles of RhoA, Rac and Cdc42 are characterized, platelets express other Rho GTPases, whose activities are less well understood. This review summarizes our understanding of the roles of platelet Rho GTPases and focuses particularly on the functions of Rif and RhoG. In human platelets, Rif interacts with cytoskeleton regulators including formins mDia1 and mDia3, whereas RhoG binds SNARE-complex proteins and cytoskeletal regulators ELMO and DOCK1. Knockout mouse studies suggest that Rif plays no critical functions in platelets, likely due to functional overlap with other Rho GTPases. In contrast, RhoG is essential for normal granule secretion downstream of the collagen receptor GPVI. The central defect in RhoG-/- platelets is reduced dense granule secretion, which impedes integrin activation and aggregation and limits platelet recruitment to growing thrombi under shear, translating into reduced thrombus formation in vivo. Potential avenues for future work on Rho GTPases in platelets are also highlighted, including identification of the key regulator for platelet filopodia formation and investigation of the role of the many Rho GTPase regulators in platelet function in both health and disease.
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47
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Yeo L, Adlard N, Biehl M, Juarez M, Smallie T, Snow M, Buckley CD, Raza K, Filer A, Scheel-Toellner D. Expression of chemokines CXCL4 and CXCL7 by synovial macrophages defines an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:763-71. [PMID: 25858640 PMCID: PMC4819606 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives For our understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying early stages of synovitis. Here, synovial cytokine production was investigated in patients with very early arthritis. Methods Synovial biopsies were obtained from patients with at least one clinically swollen joint within 12 weeks of symptom onset. At an 18-month follow-up visit, patients who went on to develop RA, or whose arthritis spontaneously resolved, were identified. Biopsies were also obtained from patients with RA with longer symptom duration (>12 weeks) and individuals with no clinically apparent inflammation. Synovial mRNA expression of 117 cytokines was quantified using PCR techniques and analysed using standard and novel methods of data analysis. Synovial tissue sections were stained for CXCL4, CXCL7, CD41, CD68 and von Willebrand factor. Results A machine learning approach identified expression of mRNA for CXCL4 and CXCL7 as potentially important in the classification of early RA versus resolving arthritis. mRNA levels for these chemokines were significantly elevated in patients with early RA compared with uninflamed controls. Significantly increased CXCL4 and CXCL7 protein expression was observed in patients with early RA compared with those with resolving arthritis or longer established disease. CXCL4 and CXCL7 co-localised with blood vessels, platelets and CD68+ macrophages. Extravascular CXCL7 expression was significantly higher in patients with very early RA compared with longer duration RA or resolving arthritis Conclusions Taken together, these observations suggest a transient increase in synovial CXCL4 and CXCL7 levels in early RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yeo
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Adlard
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Biehl
- Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Juarez
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Smallie
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Snow
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Scheel-Toellner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Pertuy F, Aguilar A, Strassel C, Eckly A, Freund JN, Duluc I, Gachet C, Lanza F, Léon C. Broader expression of the mouse platelet factor 4-cre transgene beyond the megakaryocyte lineage. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:115-25. [PMID: 25393502 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic mice expressing cre recombinase under the control of the platelet factor 4 (Pf4) promoter, in the context of a 100-kb bacterial artificial chromosome, have become a valuable tool with which to study genetic modifications in the platelet lineage. However, the specificity of cre expression has recently been questioned, and the time of its onset during megakaryopoiesis remains unknown. OBJECTIVES/METHODS To characterize the expression of this transgene, we used double-fluorescent cre reporter mice. RESULTS In the bone marrow, Pf4-cre-mediated recombination had occurred in all CD42-positive megakaryocytes as early as stage I of maturation, and in rare CD42-negative cells. In circulating blood, all platelets had recombined, along with only a minor fraction of CD45-positive cells. However, we found that all tissues contained recombined cells of monocyte/macrophage origin. When recombined, these cells might potentially modify the function of the tissues under particular conditions, especially inflammatory conditions, which further increase recombination in immune cells. Unexpectedly, a subset of epithelial cells from the distal colon showed signs of recombination resulting from endogenous Pf4-cre expression. This is probably the basis of the unexplained colon tumors developed by Apc(flox/flox) ;Pf4-cre mice, generated in a separate study on the role of Apc in platelet formation. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results indicate early recombination with full penetrance in megakaryopoiesis, and confirm the value of Pf4-cre mice for the genetic engineering of megakaryocytes and platelets. However, care must be taken when investigating the role of platelets in processes outside hemostasis, especially when immune cells might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pertuy
- INSERM, UMR_S949, Strasbourg, France; Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
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DeCant BT, Principe DR, Guerra C, Pasca di Magliano M, Grippo PJ. Utilizing past and present mouse systems to engineer more relevant pancreatic cancer models. Front Physiol 2014; 5:464. [PMID: 25538623 PMCID: PMC4255505 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of pancreatic cancer has prompted the development of numerous mouse models that aim to recapitulate the phenotypic and mechanistic features of this deadly malignancy. This review accomplishes two tasks. First, it provides an overview of the models that have been used as representations of both the neoplastic and carcinoma phenotypes. Second, it presents new modeling schemes that ultimately will serve to more faithfully capture the temporal and spatial progression of the human disease, providing platforms for improved understanding of the role of non-epithelial compartments in disease etiology as well as evaluating therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T DeCant
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel R Principe
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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50
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Takubo K, Fujioka M, Suda T. Megakaryocytes are essential for HSC quiescence through the production of thrombopoietin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:353-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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