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Criado M, Silva M, Mendívil P, Molina E, Pérez V, Benavides J, Elguezabal N, Gutiérrez-Expósito D. No Evidence of Neutrophil Response Modulation in Goats after Immunization against Paratuberculosis with a Heat-Inactivated Vaccine. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1694. [PMID: 38891741 PMCID: PMC11171245 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are believed to play a role in the initial stages of paratuberculosis, and it has recently been demonstrated that vaccination can modulate their function via priming or through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming (training). Modulation of the neutrophil response against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) through vaccination has been demonstrated in a rabbit model but not in ruminants. Therefore, in the present work, the effect of vaccination on the response of caprine neutrophils against Map was studied. Neutrophils were isolated from non-vaccinated (n = 7) and Gudair®-vaccinated goat kids (n = 7), before vaccination and 30 days post-vaccination. Then, several neutrophil functions were quantified ex vivo: cell-free and anchored neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, phagocytosis, and the differential expression of several cytokines and TLR2. The induction of cell-free NETosis and TLR2 expression by Map is reported for the first time. However, vaccination showed no significant effect on any of the functions studied. This suggests that the protection conferred by Gudair® vaccination is based on mechanisms that are independent of the neutrophil function modulation. Further research into the impact of alternative vaccination strategies or the paratuberculosis infection stage on ruminant neutrophil function could provide valuable insights into its role in paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Criado
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-ULE, Ctra León-Vega de Infanzones, 24346 León, Spain; (M.S.); (P.M.); (V.P.); (J.B.); (D.G.-E.)
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marta Silva
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-ULE, Ctra León-Vega de Infanzones, 24346 León, Spain; (M.S.); (P.M.); (V.P.); (J.B.); (D.G.-E.)
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Pedro Mendívil
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-ULE, Ctra León-Vega de Infanzones, 24346 León, Spain; (M.S.); (P.M.); (V.P.); (J.B.); (D.G.-E.)
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, 48160 Derio, Spain; (E.M.); (N.E.)
| | - Valentín Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-ULE, Ctra León-Vega de Infanzones, 24346 León, Spain; (M.S.); (P.M.); (V.P.); (J.B.); (D.G.-E.)
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-ULE, Ctra León-Vega de Infanzones, 24346 León, Spain; (M.S.); (P.M.); (V.P.); (J.B.); (D.G.-E.)
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, 48160 Derio, Spain; (E.M.); (N.E.)
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-ULE, Ctra León-Vega de Infanzones, 24346 León, Spain; (M.S.); (P.M.); (V.P.); (J.B.); (D.G.-E.)
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Bleuzé M, Lavoie JP, Bédard C, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Encapsulated Streptococcus suis impairs optimal neutrophil functions which are not rescued by priming with colony-stimulating factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296844. [PMID: 38261585 PMCID: PMC10805302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The porcine pathogen and zoonotic agent Streptococcus suis induces an exacerbated inflammation in the infected hosts that leads to sepsis, meningitis, and sudden death. Several virulence factors were described for S. suis of which the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conceals it from the immune system, and the suilysin exhibits cytotoxic activity. Although neutrophils are recruited rapidly upon S. suis infection, their microbicidal functions appear to be poorly activated against the bacteria. However, during disease, the inflammatory environment could promote neutrophil activation as mediators such as the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor granulocyte (G-CSF) and the granulocyte-macrophages colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime neutrophils and enhance their responsiveness to bacterial detection. Thus, we hypothesized that CPS and suilysin prevent an efficient activation of neutrophils by S. suis, but that G-CSF and GM-CSF rescue neutrophil activation, leading to S. suis elimination. We evaluated the functions of porcine neutrophils in vitro in response to S. suis and investigated the role of the CPS and suilysin on cell activation using isogenic mutants of the bacteria. We also studied the influence of G-CSF and GM-CSF on neutrophil response to S. suis by priming the cells with recombinant proteins. Our study confirmed that CPS prevents S. suis-induced activation of most neutrophil functions but participates in the release of neutrophil-extracellular traps (NETs). Priming with G-CSF did not influence cell activation, but GM-CSF strongly promote IL-8 release, indicating its involvement in immunomodulation. However, priming did not enhance microbicidal functions. Studying the interaction between S. suis and neutrophils-first responders in host defense-remains fundamental to understand the immunopathogenesis of the infection and to develop therapeutical strategies related to neutrophils' defense against this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marêva Bleuzé
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Bédard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Hackert NS, Radtke FA, Exner T, Lorenz HM, Müller-Tidow C, Nigrovic PA, Wabnitz G, Grieshaber-Bouyer R. Human and mouse neutrophils share core transcriptional programs in both homeostatic and inflamed contexts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8133. [PMID: 38065997 PMCID: PMC10709367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are frequently studied in mouse models, but the extent to which findings translate to humans remains poorly defined. In an integrative analysis of 11 mouse and 13 human datasets, we find a strong correlation of neutrophil gene expression across species. In inflammation, neutrophils display substantial transcriptional diversity but share a core inflammation program. This program includes genes encoding IL-1 family members, CD14, IL-4R, CD69, and PD-L1. Chromatin accessibility of core inflammation genes increases in blood compared to bone marrow and further in tissue. Transcription factor enrichment analysis implicates members of the NF-κB family and AP-1 complex as important drivers, and HoxB8 neutrophils with JunB knockout show a reduced expression of core inflammation genes in resting and activated cells. In independent single-cell validation data, neutrophil activation by type I or type II interferon, G-CSF, and E. coli leads to upregulation in core inflammation genes. In COVID-19 patients, higher expression of core inflammation genes in neutrophils is associated with more severe disease. In vitro treatment with GM-CSF, LPS, and type II interferon induces surface protein upregulation of core inflammation members. Together, we demonstrate transcriptional conservation in neutrophils in homeostasis and identify a core inflammation program shared across heterogeneous inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaj S Hackert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Felix A Radtke
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tarik Exner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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Cross AL, Hawkes J, Frankland H, Mediana A, Wright HL, Goodson NJ, Edwards SW, Moots RJ. Neutrophil function following treatment of psoriatic arthritis patients with secukinumab: altered cytokine signalling but no impairment of host defence. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3025-3034. [PMID: 36617171 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identifying that dysfunction of the IL-23/17 axis underlies PsA has led to the development of effective targeted therapies such as the IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab. As IL-17A stimulates the secretion of neutrophil chemoattractants, such as CXCL8 (IL-8), we examined the effect of secukinumab on neutrophil function in PsA. METHODS Nineteen patients with active PsA were treated with secukinumab. Clinical response [PsA Response Criteria (PsARC) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)] and peripheral blood neutrophil function (apoptosis, receptor expression, phagocytosis/killing, chemotaxis and RNA expression) were measured at 12 week intervals for 48 weeks and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS At 12 weeks, 12/16 (75%) patients had a PsARC response (100% at 36 weeks) and 10/14 (71%) achieved a 90% PASI response. At baseline, there were no differences in PsA neutrophil reactive oxygen species generation, constitutive or cytokine-delayed apoptosis, chemotaxis or phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus compared with healthy controls. Similarly, there were no differences in these functions from baseline to 12 weeks of therapy. However, surface levels of CD11b/CD18 and CD63 increased and expression of CD16 decreased during therapy. In addition, in a subgroup of early (12 week) responders to secukinumab, RNA sequencing revealed transcriptome changes predicting down-regulation of cytokine signalling and chemotaxis pathways and up-regulation of de novo gene expression pathways, including translation initiation, mRNA catabolism and translation. CONCLUSION Complex changes in the properties of circulating neutrophils occur with secukinumab treatment in PsA that may indicate altered responsiveness to changes in both local and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, host defence processes of neutrophils were unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Cross
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jenny Hawkes
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Frankland
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ayren Mediana
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicola J Goodson
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert J Moots
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Scarpa JR, Elemento O. Multi-omic molecular profiling and network biology for precision anaesthesiology: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2023:S0007-0912(23)00125-3. [PMID: 37055274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advancement, data democratisation, and decreasing costs have led to a revolution in molecular biology in which the entire set of DNA, RNA, proteins, and various other molecules - the 'multi-omic' profile - can be measured in humans. Sequencing 1 million bases of human DNA now costs US$0.01, and emerging technologies soon promise to reduce the cost of sequencing the whole genome to US$100. These trends have made it feasible to sample the multi-omic profile of millions of people, much of which is publicly available for medical research. Can anaesthesiologists use these data to improve patient care? This narrative review brings together a rapidly growing literature in multi-omic profiling across numerous fields that points to the future of precision anaesthesiology. Here, we discuss how DNA, RNA, proteins, and other molecules interact in molecular networks that can be used for preoperative risk stratification, intraoperative optimisation, and postoperative monitoring. This literature provides evidence for four fundamental insights: (1) Clinically similar patients have different molecular profiles and, as a consequence, different outcomes. (2) Vast, publicly available, and rapidly growing molecular datasets have been generated in chronic disease patients and can be repurposed to estimate perioperative risk. (3) Multi-omic networks are altered in the perioperative period and influence postoperative outcomes. (4) Multi-omic networks can serve as empirical, molecular measurements of a successful postoperative course. With this burgeoning universe of molecular data, the anaesthesiologist-of-the-future will tailor their clinical management to an individual's multi-omic profile to optimise postoperative outcomes and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Scarpa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Zaldívar-López S, Herrera-Uribe J, Bautista R, Jiménez Á, Moreno Á, Claros MG, Garrido JJ. Salmonella Typhimurium induces genome-wide expression and phosphorylation changes that modulate immune response, intracellular survival and vesicle transport in infected neutrophils. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104597. [PMID: 36450302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that causes salmonellosis. When in contact with the host, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to act as first line of defense. To better understand the pathogenesis of this infection, we used an in vitro model of neutrophil infection to perform dual RNA-sequencing (both host and pathogen). In addition, and given that many pathogens interfere with kinase-mediated phosphorylation in host signaling, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis. The immune response was overall diminished in infected neutrophils, mainly JAK/STAT and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. We found decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokine receptor genes and predicted downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) signaling pathway. Also, Salmonella infection inhibited interferons I and II signaling pathways by upregulation of SOCS3 and subsequent downregulation of STAT1 and STAT2. Additionally, phosphorylation of PSMC2 and PSMC4, proteasome regulatory proteins, was decreased in infected neutrophils. Cell viability and survival was increased by p53 signaling, cell cycle arrest and NFkB-proteasome pathways activation. Combined analysis of RNA-seq and phosphoproteomics also revealed inhibited vesicle transport mechanisms mediated by dynein/dynactin and exocyst complexes, involved in ER-to-Golgi transport and centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes. Among the overexpressed virulence genes from Salmonella we found potential effectors responsible of these dysregulations, such as spiC, sopD2, sifA or pipB2, all of them involved in intracellular replication. Our results suggest that Salmonella induces (through overexpression of virulence factors) transcriptional and phosphorylation changes that increases neutrophil survival and shuts down immune response to minimize host response, and impairing intracellular vesicle transport likely to keep nutrients for replication and Salmonella-containing vacuole formation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zaldívar-López
- Grupo de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), GA-14 Research Group, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Juber Herrera-Uribe
- Grupo de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jiménez
- Grupo de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Moreno
- Grupo de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), GA-14 Research Group, Córdoba, Spain
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7
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Thomas DP, Zhang J, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Microfluidic Gut-on-a-Chip: Fundamentals and Challenges. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010136. [PMID: 36671971 PMCID: PMC9856111 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is responsible for food digestion and absorption. Recently, growing evidence has shown its vital role in the proper functioning of other organs. Advances in microfluidic technologies have made a significant impact on the biomedical field. Specifically, organ-on-a-chip technology (OoC), which has become a popular substitute for animal models, is capable of imitating complex systems in vitro and has been used to study pathology and pharmacology. Over the past decade, reviews published focused more on the applications and prospects of gut-on-a-chip (GOC) technology, but the challenges and solutions to these limitations were often overlooked. In this review, we cover the physiology of the human gut and review the engineering approaches of GOC. Fundamentals of GOC models including materials and fabrication, cell types, stimuli and gut microbiota are thoroughly reviewed. We discuss the present GOC model applications, challenges, possible solutions and prospects for the GOC models and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Palanilkunnathil Thomas
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Dhariwala MO, Scharschmidt TC. The best offense is a good beta-defensin. Immunity 2022; 55:1586-1588. [PMID: 36103856 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The full range of receptors through which antimicrobial peptides exert their immunologic effects remains incompletely explored. Dong and colleagues identify Mgrpra2 as a G-coupled protein receptor on neutrophils, for which keratinocyte-derived Beta-defensins serve as key ligands. Binding of Mgrpra2 leads to release of neutrophil granules and Il-1β, which helps shape skin microbiome composition and augments cutaneous defense against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqdad O Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Dong X, Limjunyawong N, Sypek EI, Wang G, Ortines RV, Youn C, Alphonse MP, Dikeman D, Wang Y, Lay M, Kothari R, Vasavda C, Pundir P, Goff L, Miller LS, Lu W, Garza LA, Kim BS, Archer NK, Dong X. Keratinocyte-derived defensins activate neutrophil-specific receptors Mrgpra2a/b to prevent skin dysbiosis and bacterial infection. Immunity 2022; 55:1645-1662.e7. [PMID: 35882236 PMCID: PMC9474599 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Healthy skin maintains a diverse microbiome and a potent immune system to fight off infections. Here, we discovered that the epithelial-cell-derived antimicrobial peptides defensins activated orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Mrgpra2a/b on neutrophils. This signaling axis was required for effective neutrophil-mediated skin immunity and microbiome homeostasis. We generated mutant mouse lines lacking the entire Defensin (Def) gene cluster in keratinocytes or Mrgpra2a/b. Def and Mrgpra2 mutant animals both exhibited skin dysbiosis, with reduced microbial diversity and expansion of Staphylococcus species. Defensins and Mrgpra2 were critical for combating S. aureus infections and the formation of neutrophil abscesses, a hallmark of antibacterial immunity. Activation of Mrgpra2 by defensin triggered neutrophil release of IL-1β and CXCL2 which are vital for proper amplification and propagation of the antibacterial immune response. This study demonstrated the importance of epithelial-neutrophil signaling via the defensin-Mrgpra2 axis in maintaining healthy skin ecology and promoting antibacterial host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Sypek
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin P Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dustin Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Lay
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruchita Kothari
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chirag Vasavda
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka Pundir
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loyal Goff
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Syahirah R, Hsu AY, Deng Q. A curious case of cyclin‐dependent kinases in neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1057-1068. [PMID: 35188696 PMCID: PMC9035055 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru1021-573r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are terminally differentiated, short-lived white blood cells critical for innate immunity. Although cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are typically related to cell cycle progression, increasing evidence has shown that they regulate essential functions of neutrophils. This review highlights the roles of CDKs and their partners, cyclins, in neutrophils, outside of cell cycle regulation. CDK1-10 and several cyclins are expressed in neutrophils, albeit at different levels. Observed phenotypes associated with specific inhibition or genetic loss of CDK2 indicate its role in modulating neutrophil migration. CDK4 and 6 regulate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, while CDK5 regulates neutrophil degranulation. CDK7 and 9 are critical in neutrophil apoptosis, contributing to inflammation resolution. In addition to the CDKs that regulate mature neutrophil functions, cyclins are essential in hematopoiesis and granulopoiesis. The pivotal roles of CDKs in neutrophils present an untapped potential in targeting CDKs for treating neutrophil-dominant inflammatory diseases and understanding the regulation of the neutrophil life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramizah Syahirah
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Alan Y. Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Department of Pathology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
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11
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McCreedy DA, Abram CL, Hu Y, Min SW, Platt ME, Kirchhoff MA, Reid SK, Jalufka FL, Lowell CA. Spleen tyrosine kinase facilitates neutrophil activation and worsens long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:302. [PMID: 34952603 PMCID: PMC8705173 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury elicits widespread inflammation that can exacerbate long-term neurologic deficits. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell type to invade the spinal cord in the early acute phase after injury, however, their role in secondary pathogenesis and functional recovery remains unclear. We have previously shown that neutrophil functional responses during inflammation are augmented by spleen tyrosine kinase, Syk, a prominent intracellular signaling enzyme. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of Syk towards neutrophil function and long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. Methods Contusive spinal cord injury was performed at thoracic vertebra level 9 in mice with conditional deletion of Syk in neutrophils (Sykf/fMRP8-Cre). Hindlimb locomotor recovery was evaluated using an open-field test for 35 days following spinal cord injury. Long-term white matter sparing was assessed using eriochrome cyanide staining. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was evaluated by immunoblotting. Neutrophil infiltration, activation, effector functions, and cell death were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine expression in neutrophils was assessed using a gene array. Results Syk deficiency in neutrophils improved long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury, but did not promote long-term white matter sparing. Neutrophil activation, cytokine expression, and cell death in the acutely injured spinal cord were attenuated by the genetic loss of Syk while neutrophil infiltration and effector functions were not affected. Acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was also unaffected by Syk deficiency in neutrophils. Conclusions Syk facilitates specific neutrophil functional responses to spinal cord injury including activation, cytokine expression, and cell death. Long-term neurologic deficits are exacerbated by Syk signaling in neutrophils independent of acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption and long-term white matter sparing. These findings implicate Syk in pathogenic neutrophil activities that worsen long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A McCreedy
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sun Won Min
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madison E Platt
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Megan A Kirchhoff
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shelby K Reid
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Frank L Jalufka
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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12
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Fox E, Jones R, Samanta R, Summers C. Characterising the transcriptome of hypersegmented human neutrophils. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17440.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mature human neutrophils are characterised by their multilobed nuclear morphology. Neutrophil hypersegmentation, a pathologic nuclear phenotype, has been described in the alveolar compartment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and in several other contexts. This study aimed to characterise the transcriptional changes associated with neutrophil hypersegmentation. Methods: A model of hypersegmentation was established by exposing healthy peripheral blood neutrophils to the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) captopril. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was then adapted to isolate a population of hypersegmented neutrophils. Transcriptomic analysis of microdissected hypersegmented neutrophils was undertaken using ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing. Differential gene expression (DEG) and enrichment pathway analysis were conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying hypersegmentation. Results: RNA-Seq analysis revealed the transcriptomic signature of hypersegmented neutrophils, with five genes differentially expressed. VCAN, PADI4 and DUSP4 were downregulated, while LTF and PSMC4 were upregulated. Modulated pathways included histone modification, protein-DNA complex assembly and antimicrobial humoral response. The role of PADI4 was further validated using the small molecule inhibitor, Cl-amidine. Conclusions: Hypersegmented neutrophils display a marked transcriptomic signature, characterised by the differential expression of five genes. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying neutrophil hypersegmentation and describes a novel method to isolate and sequence neutrophils based on their morphologic subtype.
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13
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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a classical, pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is also the first 'adipokine' described to be produced from adipose tissue, regulated in obesity and proposed to contribute to obesity-associated metabolic disease. In this review, we provide an overview of TNF in the context of metabolic inflammation or metaflammation, its discovery as a metabolic messenger, its sites and mechanisms of action and some critical considerations for future research. Although we focus on TNF and the studies that elucidated its immunometabolic actions, we highlight a conceptual framework, generated by these studies, that is equally applicable to the complex network of pro-inflammatory signals, their biological activity and their integration with metabolic regulation, and to the field of immunometabolism more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaswinder K Sethi
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Current Understanding of the Neutrophil Transcriptome in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092406. [PMID: 34572056 PMCID: PMC8469435 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of the innate immune system. It is now understood that this leukocyte population is diverse in both the basal composition and functional plasticity. Underlying this plasticity is a post-translational framework for rapidly achieving early activation states, but also a transcriptional capacity that is becoming increasingly recognized by immunologists. Growing interest in the contribution of neutrophils to health and disease has resulted in more efforts to describe their transcriptional activity. Whilst initial efforts focused predominantly on understanding the existing biology, investigations with advanced methods such as single cell RNA sequencing to understand interactions of the entire immune system are revealing higher flexibility in neutrophil transcription than previously thought possible and multiple transition states. It is now apparent that neutrophils utilise many forms of RNA in the regulation of their function. This review collates current knowledge on the nuclei structure and gene expression activity of human neutrophils across homeostasis and disease, before highlighting knowledge gaps that are research priority areas.
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15
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Ma Y, Meng J, Jia J, Wang M, Teng J, Zhu D, Yang C, Hu Q. Current and emerging biological therapy in adult-onset Still's disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3986-4000. [PMID: 34117886 PMCID: PMC8410009 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare, but characteristic non-familial, multi-genic systemic auto-inflammatory disorder, characterized by high spiking fever, salmon-like evanescent skin rash, polyarthritis, sore throat, hyperferritinemia and leucocytosis. The hallmark of AOSD is a cytokine storm triggered by dysregulation of inflammation. Nowadays, with advances in anti-cytokine biologic agents, the treatment of AOSD is no longer limited to NSAIDs, glucocorticoids or conventional synthetic DMARDs. In this review, we focussed on the roles of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of AOSD and summarized the current and emerging biological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Jianfen Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Jinchao Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Mengyan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Jialin Teng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Dehao Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Chengde Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Qiongyi Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
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16
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Yu X, Cai T, Fan L, Liang Z, Du Q, Wang Q, Yang Z, Vlahos R, Wu L, Lin L. The traditional herbal formulation, Jianpiyifei II, reduces pulmonary inflammation induced by influenza A virus and cigarette smoke in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1733-1750. [PMID: 34236078 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide chronic inflammatory lung disease, and influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a common cause of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Therefore, targeting viral infections represents a promising strategy to prevent the occurrence and development of inflammatory flare ups in AECOPD. Jianpiyifei II (JPYFII) is a traditional herbal medicine used in China to treat patients with COPD, and its clinical indications are not well understood. However, investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanism using an animal model of smoking have been reported in a previous study by our group. In addition, some included herbs, such as Radix astragali and Radix aupleuri, were reported to exhibit antiviral effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether JPYFII formulation relieved acute inflammation by clearing the IAV in a mouse model that was exposed to cigarette smoke experimentally. JPYFII formulation treatment during smoke exposure and IAV infection significantly reduced the number of cells observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, superoxide production, and viral load in IAV-infected and smoke-exposed mice. However, JPYFII formulation treatment during smoke exposure alone did not reduce the number of cells in BALF or the expression of Il-6, Tnf-a, and Il-1β. The results demonstrated that JPYFII formulation exerted an antiviral effect and reduced the exacerbation of lung inflammation in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice infected with IAV. Our results suggested that JPYFII formulation could potentially be used to treat patients with AECOPD associated with IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Long Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ziyao Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiuling Du
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Lei Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lin Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
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17
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Isles HM, Loynes CA, Alasmari S, Kon FC, Henry KM, Kadochnikova A, Hales J, Muir CF, Keightley MC, Kadirkamanathan V, Hamilton N, Lieschke GJ, Renshaw SA, Elks PM. Pioneer neutrophils release chromatin within in vivo swarms. eLife 2021; 10:68755. [PMID: 34292151 PMCID: PMC8298094 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites where their coordinated migration forms clusters, a process termed neutrophil swarming. The factors that modulate early stages of neutrophil swarming are not fully understood, requiring the development of new in vivo models. Using transgenic zebrafish larvae to study endogenous neutrophil migration in a tissue damage model, we demonstrate that neutrophil swarming is a conserved process in zebrafish immunity, sharing essential features with mammalian systems. We show that neutrophil swarms initially develop around an individual pioneer neutrophil. We observed the violent release of extracellular cytoplasmic and nuclear fragments by the pioneer and early swarming neutrophils. By combining in vitro and in vivo approaches to study essential components of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), we provide in-depth characterisation and high-resolution imaging of the composition and morphology of these release events. Using a photoconversion approach to track neutrophils within developing swarms, we identify that the fate of swarm-initiating pioneer neutrophils involves extracellular chromatin release and that the key NET components gasdermin, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase are required for the swarming process. Together our findings demonstrate that release of cellular components by pioneer neutrophils is an initial step in neutrophil swarming at sites of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Isles
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Loynes
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sultan Alasmari
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Fu Chuen Kon
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine M Henry
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Kadochnikova
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Hales
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Clare F Muir
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Visakan Kadirkamanathan
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Noémie Hamilton
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stephen A Renshaw
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M Elks
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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18
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Bai B, Cheng M, Jiang L, Xu J, Chen H, Xu Y. High Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Its Gene Signatures Correlate With Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:614757. [PMID: 34250033 PMCID: PMC8263935 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.614757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the interrelation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) coupled with gene signatures, inflammation, and diastolic dysfunction in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods: The clinical profile of 172 patients with HFpEF (EF ≥ 50%) and 173 non-HF control individuals was analyzed retrospectively. The association between NLR and HFpEF and the predictive performance of NLR for HFpEF were assessed by the binary logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Multivariate linear regression models further examined the associations between NLR and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and average septal-lateral E/e', respectively. The freshly isolated neutrophils from 30 HFpEF patients and 42 non-HF controls were subjected to transcriptomic profiling. The biomarkers related to neutrophil activation and inflammation were detected in serum samples. Results: The HFpEF patients in Southeast China were lean and had comorbidity burden and worse cardiac structure/function. Compared with non-HF control individuals, HFpEF patients had a rise in NLR. NLR displayed an independent association with HFpEF [adjusted odds ratio, 2.351; 95% CI, 1.464-3.776; p < 0.001] and it predicted HFpEF with the area under the ROC 0.796 (95% CI, 0.748-0.845, p < 0.001). The positive associations between NLR and hs-CRP, NT-proBNP, and mitral E/e' were found in HFpEF patients. Moreover, patients had significantly elevated serum levels of neutrophil elastase and inflammatory biomarkers, both of which correlated with the mitral E/e' ratio. Finally, multiple molecules that drive neutrophil degranulation and inflammation, such as S100A8/A9/A12 and PADI4, were transcriptionally up-regulated in neutrophils of HFpEF patients. Conclusions: The high NLR coupled with transcriptional activation of neutrophils correlates with systemic inflammation and functional impairment in HFpEF patients, which may suggest a causative role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Ilgisonis E, Vavilov N, Ponomarenko E, Lisitsa A, Poverennaya E, Zgoda V, Radko S, Archakov A. Genome of the Single Human Chromosome 18 as a "Gold Standard" for Its Transcriptome. Front Genet 2021; 12:674534. [PMID: 34194472 PMCID: PMC8238407 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.674534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cutoff level applied in sequencing analysis varies according to the sequencing technology, sample type, and study purpose, which can largely affect the coverage and reliability of the data obtained. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal combination of parameters for reliable RNA transcriptome data analysis. Toward this end, we compared the results obtained from different transcriptome analysis platforms (quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Illumina RNASeq, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION) for the transcriptome encoded by human chromosome 18 (Chr 18) using the same sample types (HepG2 cells and liver tissue). A total of 275 protein-coding genes encoded by Chr 18 was taken as the gene set for evaluation. The combination of Illumina RNASeq and MinION nanopore technologies enabled the detection of at least one transcript for each protein-coding gene encoded by Chr 18. This combination also reduced the probability of false-positive detection of low-copy transcripts due to the simultaneous confirmation of the presence of a transcript by the two fundamentally different technologies: short reads essential for reliable detection (Illumina RNASeq) and long-read sequencing data (MinION). The combination of these technologies achieved complete coverage of all 275 protein-coding genes on Chr 18, identifying transcripts with non-zero expression levels. This approach can improve distinguishing the biological and technical reasons for the absence of mRNA detection for a given gene in transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Radko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Hardisty GR, Llanwarne F, Minns D, Gillan JL, Davidson DJ, Gwyer Findlay E, Gray RD. High Purity Isolation of Low Density Neutrophils Casts Doubt on Their Exceptionality in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625922. [PMID: 34168640 PMCID: PMC8217868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low density neutrophils (LDNs) are described in a number of inflammatory conditions, cancers and infections and associated with immunopathology, and a mechanistic role in disease. The role of LDNs at homeostasis in healthy individuals has not been investigated. We have developed an isolation protocol that generates high purity LDNs from healthy donors. Healthy LDNs were identical to healthy normal density neutrophils (NDNs), aside from reduced neutrophil extracellular trap formation. CD66b, CD16, CD15, CD10, CD54, CD62L, CXCR2, CD47 and CD11b were expressed at equivalent levels in healthy LDNs and NDNs and underwent apoptosis and ROS production interchangeably. Healthy LDNs had no differential effect on CD4+ or CD8+ T cell proliferation or IFNγ production compared with NDNs. LDNs were generated from healthy NDNs in vitro by activation with TNF, LPS or fMLF, suggesting a mechanism of LDN generation in disease however, we show neutrophilia in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) was not due to increased LDNs. LDNs are present in the neutrophil pool at homeostasis and have limited functional differences to NDNs. We conclude that increased LDN numbers in disease reflect the specific pathology or inflammatory environment and that neutrophil density alone is inadequate to classify discrete functional populations of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Hardisty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Llanwarne
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Minns
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan L Gillan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J Davidson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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21
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Cai D, Han JDJ. Aging-associated lncRNAs are evolutionarily conserved and participate in NFκB signaling. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:438-453. [PMID: 37118014 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptome undergoes global changes during aging, including both protein-coding and noncoding RNAs. Using comparative genomics, we identify aging-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are under evolutionary constraint and are more conserved than lncRNAs that do not change with age. Aging-associated lncRNAs are enriched for functional elements, including binding sites for RNA-binding proteins and transcription factors, in particular nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Using CRISPR screening, we discovered that 13 of the aging-associated lncRNAs were regulators of the NFκB pathway, and we named this family 'NFκB modulating aging-related lncRNAs (NFKBMARLs)'. Further characterization of NFκBMARL-1 reveals it can be traced to 29 Ma before humans and is induced by NFκB during aging, inflammation and senescence. Reciprocally, NFκBMARL-1 directly regulates transcription of the NFκB inhibitor NFKBIZ in cis within the same topologically associated domain by binding to the NFKBIZ enhancer and recruiting RELA to the NFKBIZ promoter. These findings reveal many aging-associated lncRNAs are evolutionarily conserved components of the NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Margaroli C, Moncada-Giraldo D, Gulick DA, Dobosh B, Giacalone VD, Forrest OA, Sun F, Gu C, Gaggar A, Kissick H, Wu R, Gibson G, Tirouvanziam R. Transcriptional firing represses bactericidal activity in cystic fibrosis airway neutrophils. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100239. [PMID: 33948572 PMCID: PMC8080108 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are often considered terminally differentiated and poised for bacterial killing. In chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), an unexplained paradox pits massive neutrophil presence against prolonged bacterial infections. Here, we show that neutrophils recruited to CF airways in vivo and in an in vitro transmigration model display rapid and broad transcriptional firing, leading to an upregulation of anabolic genes and a downregulation of antimicrobial genes. Newly transcribed RNAs are mirrored by the appearance of corresponding proteins, confirming active translation in these cells. Treatment by the RNA polymerase II and III inhibitor α-amanitin restores the expression of key antimicrobial genes and increases the bactericidal capacity of CF airway neutrophils in vitro and in short-term sputum cultures ex vivo. Broadly, our findings show that neutrophil plasticity is regulated at the site of inflammation via RNA and protein synthesis, leading to adaptations that affect their canonical functions (i.e., bacterial clearance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diego Moncada-Giraldo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dalia Arafat Gulick
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian Dobosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vincent D. Giacalone
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Osric A. Forrest
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fangxu Sun
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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23
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Fresneda Alarcon M, McLaren Z, Wright HL. Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Same Foe Different M.O. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649693. [PMID: 33746988 PMCID: PMC7969658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated neutrophil activation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and granule proteases are implicated in damage to and destruction of host tissues in both conditions (cartilage in RA, vascular tissue in SLE) and also in the pathogenic post-translational modification of DNA and proteins. Neutrophil-derived cytokines and chemokines regulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses in RA and SLE, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) expose nuclear neoepitopes (citrullinated proteins in RA, double-stranded DNA and nuclear proteins in SLE) to the immune system, initiating the production of auto-antibodies (ACPA in RA, anti-dsDNA and anti-acetylated/methylated histones in SLE). Neutrophil apoptosis is dysregulated in both conditions: in RA, delayed apoptosis within synovial joints contributes to chronic inflammation, immune cell recruitment and prolonged release of proteolytic enzymes, whereas in SLE enhanced apoptosis leads to increased apoptotic burden associated with development of anti-nuclear auto-antibodies. An unbalanced energy metabolism in SLE and RA neutrophils contributes to the pathology of both diseases; increased hypoxia and glycolysis in RA drives neutrophil activation and NET production, whereas decreased redox capacity increases ROS-mediated damage in SLE. Neutrophil low-density granulocytes (LDGs), present in high numbers in the blood of both RA and SLE patients, have opposing phenotypes contributing to clinical manifestations of each disease. In this review we will describe the complex and contrasting phenotype of neutrophils and LDGs in RA and SLE and discuss their discrete roles in the pathogenesis of each condition. We will also review our current understanding of transcriptomic and metabolomic regulation of neutrophil phenotype in RA and SLE and discuss opportunities for therapeutic targeting of neutrophil activation in inflammatory auto-immune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fresneda Alarcon
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe McLaren
- Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Louise Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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24
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Wolk K, Brembach T, Šimaitė D, Bartnik E, Cucinotta S, Pokrywka A, Irmer M, Triebus J, Witte‐Händel E, Salinas G, Leeuw T, Volk H, Ghoreschi K, Sabat R. Activity and components of the granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor pathway in hidradenitis suppurativa*. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:164-176. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Inflammation and Regeneration of Skin BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - T.‐C. Brembach
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- University of PotsdamInstitute of Nutritional ScienceDepartment of Food Chemistry Potsdam Germany
| | - D. Šimaitė
- Data and Data Sciences Sanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbH FrankfurtGermany
| | - E. Bartnik
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Sanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbH Frankfurt Germany
| | - S. Cucinotta
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - A. Pokrywka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - M.L. Irmer
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - J. Triebus
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - E. Witte‐Händel
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - G. Salinas
- Transcriptome and Genome Core Unit University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - T. Leeuw
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Sanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbH Frankfurt Germany
| | - H.‐D. Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - K. Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - R. Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Interdisciplinary group Molecular Immunopathology Dermatology/Medical Immunology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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25
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Ledo C, Gonzalez CD, Garofalo A, Sabbione F, Keitelman IA, Giai C, Stella I, Trevani AS, Gómez MI. Protein A Modulates Neutrophil and Keratinocyte Signaling and Survival in Response to Staphylococcus aureus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:524180. [PMID: 33692774 PMCID: PMC7937904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.524180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 1 TNF-α receptor (TNFR1) has a central role in initiating both pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling cascades in neutrophils. Considering that TNFR1 signals Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA), the aim of this study was to explore the interaction of this bacterial surface protein with neutrophils and keratinocytes to underscore the signaling pathways that may determine the fate of these innate immune cells in the infected tissue during staphylococcal skin infections. Using human neutrophils cultured in vitro and isogenic staphylococcal strains expressing or not protein A, we demonstrated that SpA is a potent inducer of IL-8 in neutrophils and that the induction of this chemokine is dependent on the SpA-TNFR1 interaction and p38 activation. In addition to IL-8, protein A induced the expression of TNF-α and MIP-1α highlighting the importance of SpA in the amplification of the inflammatory response. Protein A contributed to reduce neutrophil mortality prolonging their lifespan upon the encounter with S. aureus. Signaling initiated by SpA modulated the type of neutrophil cell death in vitro and during skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in vivo triggering the apoptotic pathway instead of necrosis. Moreover, SpA induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes, modulating their survival in vitro and preventing the exacerbated necrosis and ulceration of the epithelium during SSTI in vivo. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the inflammatory signaling induced by protein A in neutrophils and skin epithelial cells. The ability of protein A to modulate the neutrophil/epithelial cell death program in the skin is of clinical relevance considering that lysis of neutrophils and epithelial cells will promote an intense inflammatory response and contribute to tissue damage, a non-desirable feature of complicated SSTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ledo
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Maimonides, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia D Gonzalez
- Instituto de investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ailin Garofalo
- Instituto de investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene A Keitelman
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza Giai
- Instituto de investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Stella
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía S Trevani
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa I Gómez
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Maimonides, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Wright HL, Lyon M, Chapman EA, Moots RJ, Edwards SW. Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid Neutrophils Drive Inflammation Through Production of Chemokines, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2021; 11:584116. [PMID: 33469455 PMCID: PMC7813679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting synovial joints. Neutrophils are believed to play an important role in both the initiation and progression of RA, and large numbers of activated neutrophils are found within both synovial fluid (SF) and synovial tissue from RA joints. In this study we analyzed paired blood and SF neutrophils from patients with severe, active RA (DAS28>5.1, n=3) using RNA-seq. 772 genes were significantly different between blood and SF neutrophils. IPA analysis predicted that SF neutrophils had increased expression of chemokines and ROS production, delayed apoptosis, and activation of signaling cascades regulating the production of NETs. This activated phenotype was confirmed experimentally by incubating healthy control neutrophils in cell-free RA SF, which was able to delay apoptosis and induce ROS production in both unprimed and TNFα primed neutrophils (p<0.05). RA SF significantly increased neutrophil migration through 3μM transwell chambers (p<0.05) and also increased production of NETs by healthy control neutrophils (p<0.001), including exposure of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone-H3-positive DNA NETs. IPA analysis predicted NET production was mediated by signaling networks including AKT, RAF1, SRC, and NF-κB. Our results expand the understanding of the molecular changes that take place in the neutrophil transcriptome during migration into inflamed joints in RA, and the altered phenotype in RA SF neutrophils. Specifically, RA SF neutrophils lose their migratory properties, residing within the joint to generate signals that promote joint damage, as well as inflammation via recruitment and activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells. We propose that this activated SF neutrophil phenotype contributes to the chronic inflammation and progressive damage to cartilage and bone observed in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Max Lyon
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elinor A. Chapman
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Moots
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Steven W. Edwards
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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27
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Lee KMC, Achuthan AA, Hamilton JA. GM-CSF: A Promising Target in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:225-240. [PMID: 33150139 PMCID: PMC7605919 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s262566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was firstly identified as being able to induce in vitro the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into granulocytes and macrophages. Much preclinical data have indicated that GM-CSF has a wide range of functions across different tissues in its action on myeloid cells, and GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicate its potential as an important therapeutic target in several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, for example, rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we discuss briefly the biology of GM-CSF, raise some current issues and questions pertaining to this biology, summarize the results from preclinical models of a range of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and list the latest clinical trials evaluating GM-CSF blockade in such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Glennon-Alty L, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Wright HL. Type I interferon regulates cytokine-delayed neutrophil apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production and chemokine expression. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 203:151-159. [PMID: 32990354 PMCID: PMC7806414 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are key regulators of a number of inflammatory conditions in which neutrophils play an important role in pathology, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where type I IFNs are implicated in disease pathology. However, IFNs are usually generated in vivo together with other cytokines that also have immunoregulatory functions, but such interactions are poorly defined experimentally. We measured the effects of type I (IFN-α) IFN, elevated in both RA and SLE, on the functions of healthy neutrophils incubated in vitro in the absence and presence of proinflammatory cytokines typically elevated in inflammatory diseases [tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)]. IFN-α alone had no effect on neutrophil apoptosis; however, it abrogated the anti-apoptotic effect of GM-CSF (18 h, P < 0·01). The enhanced stability of the anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukaemia 1 (Mcl-1) and delayed activation of caspase activation normally regulated by GM-CSF were blocked by IFN-α: this effect was mediated, in part, by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). IFN-α alone also primed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and maintained the transient priming effect of TNF-α for up to 4 h: it also down-regulated GM-CSF- and TNF-α-activated expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, CCL3 and CCL4 but, in contrast, increased the expression of CXCL10. These novel data identify complex regulatory signalling networks in which type I IFNs profoundly alter the response of neutrophils to inflammatory cytokines. This is likely to have important consequences in vivo and may explain the complexity and heterogeneity of inflammatory diseases such as RA, in which multiple cytokine cascades have been activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Glennon-Alty
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.,Liverpool Health Partners, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - R J Moots
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - S W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - H L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
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29
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Cross AL, Hawkes J, Wright HL, Moots RJ, Edwards SW. APPA (apocynin and paeonol) modulates pathological aspects of human neutrophil function, without supressing antimicrobial ability, and inhibits TNFα expression and signalling. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1223-1235. [PMID: 32383062 PMCID: PMC7525285 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key players in the pathophysiological process underlying inflammatory conditions not only by release of tissue-damaging cytotoxic enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also by secretion of important immunomodulatory chemokines and cytokines. Here, we report the effects of the novel agent APPA, undergoing formal clinical development for treatment of osteoarthritis, and its constituent components, apocynin (AP) and paeonol (PA) on a number of neutrophil functions, including effects on TNFα- expression and signalling. Neutrophils were treated with APPA (10-1000 µg/mL) prior to the measurement of cell functions, including ROS production, chemotaxis, apoptosis and surface receptor expression. Expression levels of several key genes and proteins were measured after incubation with APPA and the chromatin re-modelling agent, R848. APPA did not significantly affect phagocytosis, bacterial killing or expression of surface receptors, while chemotactic migration was affected only at the highest concentrations. However, APPA down-regulated neutrophil degranulation and ROS levels, and decreased the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. APPA also decreased cytokine-stimulated gene expression, inhibiting both TNFα- and GM-CSF-induced cell signalling. APPA was as effective as infliximab in down-regulating chemokine and IL-6 expression following incubation with R848. Whilst APPA does not interfere with neutrophil host defence against infections, it does inhibit neutrophil degranulation, and cytokine-driven signalling pathways (e.g. autocrine signalling and NF-κB activation), processes that are associated with inflammation. These observations may explain the mechanisms by which APPA exerts anti-inflammatory effects and suggests a potential therapeutic role in inflammatory diseases in which neutrophils and TNFα signalling are important in pathology, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cross
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Aintree University Hospital, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - J Hawkes
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Aintree University Hospital, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - H L Wright
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Aintree University Hospital, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - R J Moots
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Aintree University Hospital, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - S W Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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30
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Hamilton JA. GM-CSF in inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190945. [PMID: 31611249 PMCID: PMC7037240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is a potential therapeutic target in inflammation and autoimmunity. This study reviews the literature on the biology of GM-CSF, in particular that describing the research leading to clinical trials targeting GM-CSF and its receptor in numerous inflammatory/autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has many more functions than its original in vitro identification as an inducer of granulocyte and macrophage development from progenitor cells. Key features of GM-CSF biology need to be defined better, such as the responding and producing cell types, its links with other mediators, its prosurvival versus activation/differentiation functions, and when it is relevant in pathology. Significant preclinical data have emerged from GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicating that GM-CSF is a potential target in many inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor have shown encouraging efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides an update on the above topics and current issues/questions surrounding GM-CSF biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Ai Z, Udalova IA. Transcriptional regulation of neutrophil differentiation and function during inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:419-430. [PMID: 31951039 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1219-504rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in innate immunity where they elicit powerful effector functions to eliminate invading pathogens and modulate the adaptive as well as the innate immune response. Neutrophil function must be tightly regulated during inflammation and infection to avoid additional tissue damage. Increasing evidence suggests that transcription factors (TFs) function as key regulators to modulate transcriptional output, thereby controlling cell fate decision and the inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil differentiation and function during inflammation remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of TFs known to be crucial for neutrophil maturation and in the signaling pathways that control neutrophil differentiation and activation. We also outline how emerging genomic and single-cell technologies may facilitate further discovery of neutrophil transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ai
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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32
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Garcia-Campos A, Correia CN, Naranjo-Lucena A, Garza-Cuartero L, Farries G, Browne JA, MacHugh DE, Mulcahy G. Fasciola hepatica Infection in Cattle: Analyzing Responses of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) Using a Transcriptomics Approach. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2081. [PMID: 31555289 PMCID: PMC6727689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitic helminth Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) causes economic loss to the livestock industry globally and also causes zoonotic disease. New control strategies such as vaccines are urgently needed, due to the rise of drug resistance in parasite populations. Vaccine development requires a comprehensive understanding of the immunological events during infection. Previous in vivo studies by our group have investigated global differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to both acute and chronic F. hepatica infection. This work demonstrated that pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ovine fasciolosis included fibrosis, inhibition of macrophage nitric oxide production, and antibody isotype switching, among others. Transcriptomic changes in PBMC populations following F. hepatica infection in cattle, in which the disease phenotype is quite different, have not yet been examined. Using RNA sequencing we investigated gene expression changes in PBMC isolated from 9 non-infected and 11 F. hepatica-experimentally-infected calves immediately before infection, at 1 and at 14 weeks post-infection. Longitudinal time-course comparisons between groups revealed 21 and 1,624 DEGs driven exclusively by F. hepatica infection in cattle at acute and chronic stages, respectively. These results show that fewer DEGs at the acute stage of infection can be identified in cattle, as compared with sheep. In addition, the log2 fold-changes of these DEGs were relatively low (−1 to 3) reflecting the different clinical presentation of F. hepatica infection in cattle. Gene pathways for hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cholestasis along with apoptosis of antigen-presenting cells were enriched at chronic stages. Our results reflect the major differences in the disease phenotype between cattle and sheep and may indicate pathways to target in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Gabriella Farries
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Rungelrath V, Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR. Neutrophils in innate immunity and systems biology-level approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 12:e1458. [PMID: 31218817 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or neutrophils) are the most abundant leukocyte in humans and essential to the innate immune response against invading pathogens. Compared to the acquired immune response, which requires time to develop and is dependent on previous interaction with specific microbes, the ability of neutrophils to kill microorganisms is immediate, nonspecific, and not dependent on previous exposure to microorganisms. Historically, studies of PMN-pathogen interaction focused on the events leading to killing of microorganisms, such as recruitment/chemotaxis, transmigration, phagocytosis, and activation, whereas postphagocytosis sequelae were infrequently considered. In addition, it was widely accepted that human neutrophils possessed limited capacity for new gene transcription and thus, relatively little biosynthetic capacity. This notion has changed dramatically within the past 20 years. Further, there is now more effort directed to understand the events occurring in PMNs after killing of microbes. Herein, we give an updated review of the systems biology-level approaches that have been used to gain an enhanced view of the role of neutrophils during host-pathogen interaction and neutrophil-mediated diseases. We anticipate that these and future systems-level studies will continue to provide information important for understanding, treatment, and control of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Organismal Responses to Environment Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Rungelrath
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
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Crookenden MA, Moyes KM, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Lehnert K, Walker CG, Loor JJ, Mitchell MD, Murray A, Dukkipati VSR, Vailati-Riboni M, Heiser A, Roche JR. Transcriptomic analysis of circulating neutrophils in metabolically stressed peripartal grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7408-7420. [PMID: 31178180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The high metabolic demand during the transition into lactation places cows at greater risk of metabolic and infectious disease than at any other time in their lactation cycle. Additionally, a change occurs in the innate immune response during this period, which contributes to increased risk of disease. In the current study, we compared the transcriptomes of neutrophils from dairy cows divergent in their metabolic health post-calving. Cows (n = 5 per risk group) were selected from a parent experiment (n = 45 cows). Those with high or low concentrations of plasma nonesterified fatty acids, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, and liver triacylglycerol in both wk 1 and 2 were deemed to be at "high risk" (HR) or "low risk" (LR) of metabolic dysfunction, respectively. Circulating neutrophils were isolated at 3 time points during the transition period (d 0 and wk 1 and 4 post-calving), and gene expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression between the risk groups was determined using edgeR (http://bioconductor.org), and pathway analysis was conducted using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity Systems, Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Statistical analysis indicated no interaction between risk and week. Therefore, the overall effect of risk was analyzed across all time points. In total, 3,500 genes were differentially expressed between the HR and LR cows (false discovery rate < 0.05). Of these, 2,897 genes were identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and used for pathway analysis. Of the relevant pathways identified, neutrophils isolated from HR cows showed downregulation of genes involved in the recruitment of granulocytes, interferon signaling, and apoptosis, and upregulation of genes involved in cell survival. The results indicate that metabolically stressed cows had reduced neutrophil function during the peripartum period, highlighting a potential relationship between subclinical metabolic disease and innate immune function that suggests that metabolic health negatively affects the innate immune system and may contribute to the state of immunosuppression during the peripartum period. In this way, the metabolic stress among the HR cows may reduce their ability to combat infection during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Crookenden
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand 3284; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand 1010.
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | | | - K Lehnert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand 1010
| | - C G Walker
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand 3284
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - M D Mitchell
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia 4029
| | - A Murray
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - V S R Dukkipati
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - A Heiser
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442; AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand 3284; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand 1010
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35
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Murdoch CC, Espenschied ST, Matty MA, Mueller O, Tobin DM, Rawls JF. Intestinal Serum amyloid A suppresses systemic neutrophil activation and bactericidal activity in response to microbiota colonization. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007381. [PMID: 30845179 PMCID: PMC6405052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota influences the development and function of myeloid lineages such as neutrophils, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unresolved. Using gnotobiotic zebrafish, we identified the immune effector Serum amyloid A (Saa) as one of the most highly induced transcripts in digestive tissues following microbiota colonization. Saa is a conserved secreted protein produced in the intestine and liver with described effects on neutrophils in vitro, however its in vivo functions remain poorly defined. We engineered saa mutant zebrafish to test requirements for Saa on innate immunity in vivo. Zebrafish mutant for saa displayed impaired neutrophil responses to wounding but augmented clearance of pathogenic bacteria. At baseline, saa mutants exhibited moderate neutrophilia and altered neutrophil tissue distribution. Molecular and functional analyses of isolated neutrophils revealed that Saa suppresses expression of pro-inflammatory markers and bactericidal activity. Saa's effects on neutrophils depended on microbiota colonization, suggesting this protein mediates the microbiota's effects on host innate immunity. To test tissue-specific roles of Saa on neutrophil function, we over-expressed saa in the intestine or liver and found that sufficient to partially complement neutrophil phenotypes observed in saa mutants. These results indicate Saa produced by the intestine in response to microbiota serves as a systemic signal to neutrophils to restrict aberrant activation, decreasing inflammatory tone and bacterial killing potential while simultaneously enhancing their ability to migrate to wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C. Murdoch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott T. Espenschied
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Molly A. Matty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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36
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Suire S, Baltanas FC, Segonds-Pichon A, Davidson K, Santos E, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR. Frontline Science: TNF-α and GM-CSF1 priming augments the role of SOS1/2 in driving activation of Ras, PI3K-γ, and neutrophil proinflammatory responses. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:815-822. [PMID: 30720883 PMCID: PMC6977543 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2hi0918-359rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating neutrophils are, by necessity, quiescent and relatively unresponsive to acute stimuli. In regions of inflammation, mediators can prime neutrophils to react to acute stimuli with stronger proinflammatory, pathogen-killing responses. In neutrophils G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-driven proinflammatory responses, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and accumulation of the key intracellular messenger phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3 ), are highly dependent on PI3K-γ, a Ras-GTP, and Gβγ coincidence detector. In unprimed cells, the major GPCR-triggered activator of Ras is the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein 4 (RasGRP4). Although priming is known to increase GPCR-PIP3 signaling, the mechanisms underlying this augmentation remain unclear. We used genetically modified mice to address the role of the 2 RasGEFs, RasGRP4 and son of sevenless (SOS)1/2, in neutrophil priming. We found that following GM-CSF/TNFα priming, RasGRP4 had only a minor role in the enhanced responses. In contrast, SOS1/2 acquired a substantial role in ROS formation, PIP3 accumulation, and ERK activation in primed cells. These results suggest that SOS1/2 signaling plays a key role in determining the responsiveness of neutrophils in regions of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Suire
- Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fernando C Baltanas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, (CSIC- Universitad de Salamanca) and CiberONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Keith Davidson
- Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, (CSIC- Universitad de Salamanca) and CiberONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Len R Stephens
- Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Piliponsky AM, Shubin NJ, Lahiri AK, Truong P, Clauson M, Niino K, Tsuha AL, Nedospasov SA, Karasuyama H, Reber LL, Tsai M, Mukai K, Galli SJ. Basophil-derived tumor necrosis factor can enhance survival in a sepsis model in mice. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:129-140. [PMID: 30664762 PMCID: PMC6352314 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Basophils are evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates, despite their small numbers and short lifespan, suggesting that basophils have beneficial roles in maintaining health. However, these roles are not fully defined. Here, we demonstrate that basophil-deficient mice exhibited reduced bacterial clearance, and increased morbidity and mortality, in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Among the several pro-inflammatory mediators we measured, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was the only cytokine that was significantly reduced in basophil-deficient mice after CLP. In accordance with that observation, we found that mice with genetic ablation of Tnf in basophils exhibited reduced systemic TNF concentrations during endotoxemia. Moreover, during CLP, mice whose basophils could not produce TNF exhibited reduced neutrophil and macrophage TNF production and effector functions, reduced bacterial clearance, and increased mortality. Taken together, our studies show that basophils can enhance the innate immune response against bacterial infection and help prevent sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Shubin
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Asha K Lahiri
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phuong Truong
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Morgan Clauson
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerri Niino
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Avery L Tsuha
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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38
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Dong Y, Lagarde J, Xicota L, Corne H, Chantran Y, Chaigneau T, Crestani B, Bottlaender M, Potier MC, Aucouturier P, Dorothée G, Sarazin M, Elbim C. Neutrophil hyperactivation correlates with Alzheimer's disease progression. Ann Neurol 2019; 83:387-405. [PMID: 29369398 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have underlined the effect of systemic inflammation on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neutrophils are key components of early innate immunity and contribute to uncontrolled systemic inflammation if not tightly regulated. The aim of our study was to fully characterize human circulating neutrophils at different disease stages in AD. METHODS We analyzed neutrophil phenotypes and functions in 42 patients with AD (16 with mild cognitive impairment and 26 with dementia), and compared them to 22 age-matched healthy subjects. This study was performed directly in whole blood to avoid issues with data interpretation related to cell isolation procedures. RESULTS Blood samples from AD patients with dementia revealed neutrophil hyperactivation associated with increased reactive oxygen species production and increased levels of intravascular neutrophil extravascular traps. The homeostasis of circulating neutrophils in these patients also changed: The ratio between the harmful hyperreactive CXCR4high /CD62Llow senescent and the CD16bright /CD62Ldim immunosuppressive neutrophil subsets rose in the later stage of the disease. These abnormalities were greater in fast-decliner than in slow-decliner patients. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that the inflammatory properties of circulating neutrophils shift as the percentage of aged neutrophils expands in patients with AD-changes that may play an instrumental role in establishing systemic chronic inflammation. Most important, our data strongly suggest that the neutrophil phenotype may be associated with the rate of cognitive decline and may thus constitute an innovative and prognostic blood biomarker in patients with AD. Ann Neurol 2018;83:387-405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Language, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), UMR 1023 Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud-ERL 9218 CNRS; CEA/I2BM/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Laura Xicota
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Corne
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Language, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Chantran
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chaigneau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des maladies pulmonaires rares, Paris, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), UMR 1023 Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud-ERL 9218 CNRS; CEA/I2BM/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.,UNIACT, NeuroSpin, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Direction des sciences du vivant, Commissariat à I'Energie Atomique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Aucouturier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dorothée
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Language, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), UMR 1023 Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud-ERL 9218 CNRS; CEA/I2BM/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Carole Elbim
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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Chokesuwattanaskul S, Phelan MM, Edwards SW, Wright HL. A robust intracellular metabolite extraction protocol for human neutrophil metabolic profiling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209270. [PMID: 30571714 PMCID: PMC6301625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are phagocytic innate immune cells that play essential roles in host defence, but are also implicated in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where they contribute to systemic inflammation and joint damage. Transcriptomic analysis of neutrophils has revealed significant changes in gene expression in neutrophils activated in vitro by cytokines and in vivo during inflammation in RA. However, there are no reports on the global metabolomic changes that occur as a consequence of this activation. The aim of this study was to establish protocols for the study of changes in the metabolome of human neutrophils using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Sample preparation and spectral analysis protocols were optimised using neutrophils isolated by Ficoll-Paque, with decreased washing steps and inclusion of a heat-shock step to quench metabolite turnover. Cells were incubated ± PMA for 15 min in HEPES-free media and samples were analysed by NMR using a 700 MHz NMR Avance IIIHD Bruker NMR spectrometer equipped with a TCI cryoprobe. Chenomx, Bruker TopSpin and AMIX software were used to process spectra and identify metabolites. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and signalling pathway analysis was carried out using Metaboanalyst. Cell number and number of scans (NS) were optimised as >3.6 million cells and 512 NS. 327 spectral bins were defined in the neutrophil spectra, of which 287 (87.7%) were assigned to 110 metabolites that included: amino acids, peptides and analogues; carbohydrates, carbonyls and alcohols; nucleotides, nucleosides and analogues; lipids and lipid-like molecules; benzenoids; and other organic compounds. 43 metabolites changed at least 1.5 fold (increase or decrease) after the addition of PMA for 5 or 15 min. Pathway analysis revealed that PMA affected nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and glycolysis, suggesting a redirection of glucose metabolism from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway and production of NADPH for activation of the NADPH oxidase and subsequent respiratory burst. We have developed protocols for the study of human neutrophils by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Importantly, this methodology has sufficient sensitivity and reproducibility to detect changes in metabolite abundance from cell numbers typically collected from clinical samples or experiments with multiple assay conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susama Chokesuwattanaskul
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marie M. Phelan
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- HLS Technology Directorate, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steven W. Edwards
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L. Wright
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology I, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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40
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Neutrophil Function in an Inflammatory Milieu of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8549329. [PMID: 30622982 PMCID: PMC6304923 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8549329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against citrullinated protein antigens and proinflammatory cytokines which cause chronic synovitis, bone erosion, and eventual deformity; however, the precise etiology of RA is unclear. In the early stage of RA, neutrophils migrate into the articular cavity, become activated, and exert their function in an inflammatory process, suggesting an essential role of neutrophils in the initial events contributing to the pathogenesis of RA. Solid evidence exists that supports the contribution of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to the production of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins which can trigger the immune reaction in RA. Concurrently, proinflammatory cytokines regulate the neutrophil migration, apoptosis, and NET formation. As a result, the inflammatory neutrophils produce more cytokines and influence other immune cells thereby perpetuating the inflammatory condition in RA. In this review, we summarize the advances made in improving our understanding of neutrophil migration, apoptosis, and NET formation in the presence of an RA inflammatory milieu. We will also discuss the most recent strategies in modulating the inflammatory microenvironment that have an impact on neutrophil function which may provide alternative novel therapies for RA.
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41
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Kroon EE, Coussens AK, Kinnear C, Orlova M, Möller M, Seeger A, Wilkinson RJ, Hoal EG, Schurr E. Neutrophils: Innate Effectors of TB Resistance? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2637. [PMID: 30487797 PMCID: PMC6246713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain individuals are able to resist Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection despite persistent and intense exposure. These persons do not exhibit adaptive immune priming as measured by tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) responses, nor do they develop active tuberculosis (TB). Genetic investigation of individuals who are able to resist M. tuberculosis infection shows there are likely a combination of genetic variants that contribute to the phenotype. The contribution of the innate immune system and the exact cells involved in this phenotype remain incompletely elucidated. Neutrophils are prominent candidates for possible involvement as primers for microbial clearance. Significant variability is observed in neutrophil gene expression and DNA methylation. Furthermore, inter-individual variability is seen between the mycobactericidal capacities of donor neutrophils. Clearance of M. tuberculosis infection is favored by the mycobactericidal activity of neutrophils, apoptosis, effective clearance of cells by macrophages, and resolution of inflammation. In this review we will discuss the different mechanisms neutrophils utilize to clear M. tuberculosis infection. We discuss the duality between neutrophils' ability to clear infection and how increasing numbers of neutrophils contribute to active TB severity and mortality. Further investigation into the potential role of neutrophils in innate immune-mediated M. tuberculosis infection resistance is warranted since it may reveal clinically important activities for prevention as well as vaccine and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elouise E Kroon
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Division of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig Kinnear
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marlo Möller
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Allison Seeger
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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42
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Vogt KL, Summers C, Chilvers ER, Condliffe AM. Priming and de-priming of neutrophil responses in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12967. [PMID: 29896919 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation status of neutrophils can cycle from basal through primed to fully activated ("green-amber-red"), and at least in vitro, primed cells can spontaneously revert to a near basal phenotype. This broad range of neutrophil responsiveness confers extensive functional flexibility, allowing neutrophils to respond rapidly and appropriately to varied and evolving threats throughout the body. Primed and activated cells display dramatically enhanced bactericidal capacity (including augmented respiratory burst activity, degranulation and longevity), but this enhancement also confers the capacity for significant unintended tissue injury. Neutrophil priming and its consequences have been associated with adverse outcomes in a range of disease states, hence understanding the signalling processes that regulate the transition between basal and primed states (and back again) may offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in pathological settings. A wide array of host- and pathogen-derived molecules is able to modulate the functional status of these versatile cells. Reflecting this extensive repertoire of potential mediators, priming can be established by a range of signalling pathways (including mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipase D and calcium transients) and intracellular processes (including endocytosis, vesicle trafficking and the engagement of adhesion molecules). The signalling pathways engaged, and the exact cellular phenotype that results, vary according to the priming agent(s) to which the neutrophil is exposed and the precise environmental context. Herein we describe the signals that establish priming (in particular for enhanced respiratory burst, degranulation and prolonged lifespan) and describe the recently recognised process of de-priming, correlating in vitro observations with in vivo significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja L Vogt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Rincón E, Rocha-Gregg BL, Collins SR. A map of gene expression in neutrophil-like cell lines. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:573. [PMID: 30068296 PMCID: PMC6090850 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neutrophils are central players in innate immunity, a major component of inflammatory responses, and a leading model for cell motility and chemotaxis. However, primary neutrophils are short-lived, limiting their experimental usefulness in the laboratory. Thus, human myeloid cell lines have been characterized for their ability to undergo neutrophil-like differentiation in vitro. The HL-60 cell line and its PLB-985 sub-line are commonly used to model human neutrophil behavior, but how closely gene expression in differentiated cells resembles that of primary neutrophils has remained unclear. RESULTS In this study, we compared the effectiveness of differentiation protocols and used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the transcriptomes of HL-60 and PLB-985 cells with published data for human and mouse primary neutrophils. Among commonly used differentiation protocols for neutrophil-like cell lines, addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) gave the best combination of cell viability and expression of markers for differentiation. However, combining DMSO with the serum-free-supplement Nutridoma resulted in increased chemotactic response, phagocytic activity, oxidative burst and cell surface expression of the neutrophil markers FPR1 and CD11b without a cost in viability. RNA-seq analysis of HL-60 and PLB-985 cells before and after differentiation showed that differentiation broadly increases the similarity in gene expression between the cell lines and primary neutrophils. Furthermore, the gene expression pattern of the differentiated cell lines correlated slightly better with that of human neutrophils than the mouse neutrophil pattern did. Finally, we created a publicly available gene expression database that is searchable by gene name and protein domain content, where users can compare gene expression in HL-60, PLB-985 and primary human and mouse neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Our study verifies that a DMSO-based differentiation protocol for HL-60 and PLB-985 cell lines gives superior differentiation and cell viability relative to other common protocols, and indicates that addition of Nutridoma may be preferable for studies of chemotaxis, phagocytosis, or oxidative burst. Our neutrophil gene expression database will be a valuable tool to identify similarities and differences in gene expression between the cell lines and primary neutrophils, to compare expression levels for genes of interest, and to improve the design of tools for genetic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rincón
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Briana L. Rocha-Gregg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sean R. Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Miettinen HM, Gripentrog JM, Lord CI, Nagy JO. CD177-mediated nanoparticle targeting of human and mouse neutrophils. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200444. [PMID: 29990379 PMCID: PMC6039027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells, with a vital role in innate immune defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Although mostly associated with pathological processes directly related to immune defense, they can also play a detrimental role in inflammatory conditions and have been found to have a pro-metastatic role in the spread of cancer cells. Here, we explore ways to temporarily suppress these detrimental activities. We first examined the possibility of using siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for transient knockdown of the human and mouse C5a receptor, an important chemoattractant receptor involved in neutrophil-mediated injury that is associated with myocardial infarction, sepsis, and neurodegenerative diseases. We found that siRNAs and ASOs transfected into cultured cell lines can eliminate 70–90% of C5a receptor mRNA and protein within 72 h of administration, a clinically relevant time frame after a cardiovascular event. Targeted drug delivery to specific cells or tissues of interest in a mammalian host, however, remains a major challenge. Here, using phage display technology, we have identified peptides that bind specifically to CD177, a neutrophil-specific surface molecule. We have attached these peptides to fluorescent, lipid-based nanoparticles and confirmed targeting and delivery to cultured cells ectopically presenting either human or mouse CD177. In addition, we have shown peptide-nanoparticle binding specifically to neutrophils in human and mouse blood. We anticipate that these or related tagged nanoparticles may be therapeutically useful for delivery of siRNAs or ASOs to neutrophils for transient knockdown of pro-inflammatory proteins such as the C5a receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini M. Miettinen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeannie M. Gripentrog
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Connie I. Lord
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Jon O. Nagy
- NanoValent Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bozeman, MT, United States of America
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45
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Differential Gene Expression Profile of Human Neutrophils Cultured with Plasmodium falciparum-Parasitized Erythrocytes. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6709424. [PMID: 30069491 PMCID: PMC6057315 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6709424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant cellular component of our innate immune system, where they play central roles in the pathogenesis of and resistance to a broad range of diseases. However, their roles in malarial infection remain poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the transcriptional gene profile of human PMNs in response to Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes (iRBCs) by using oligonucleotide microarrays. Results revealed that PMNs induced a broad and vigorous set of changes in gene expression in response to malarial parasites, represented by 118 upregulated and 216 downregulated genes. The transcriptional response was characterized by the upregulation of numerous genes encoding multiple surface receptors, proteins involved in signal transduction pathways, and defense response proteins. This response included a number of genes which are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of malaria and other inflammatory diseases. Gene enrichment analysis suggested that the biological pathways involved in the PMN responses to the iRBCs included insulin receptor, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and interleukin and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling pathways. The current study provides fundamental knowledge on the molecular responses of neutrophils to malarial parasites, which may aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Horiguchi H, Loftus TJ, Hawkins RB, Raymond SL, Stortz JA, Hollen MK, Weiss BP, Miller ES, Bihorac A, Larson SD, Mohr AM, Brakenridge SC, Tsujimoto H, Ueno H, Moore FA, Moldawer LL, Efron PA. Innate Immunity in the Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome and Its Implications for Therapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:595. [PMID: 29670613 PMCID: PMC5893931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and technological advances promoting early hemorrhage control and physiologic resuscitation as well as early diagnosis and optimal treatment of sepsis have significantly decreased in-hospital mortality for many critically ill patient populations. However, a substantial proportion of severe trauma and sepsis survivors will develop protracted organ dysfunction termed chronic critical illness (CCI), defined as ≥14 days requiring intensive care unit (ICU) resources with ongoing organ dysfunction. A subset of CCI patients will develop the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS), and these individuals are predisposed to a poor quality of life and indolent death. We propose that CCI and PICS after trauma or sepsis are the result of an inappropriate bone marrow response characterized by the generation of dysfunctional myeloid populations at the expense of lympho- and erythropoiesis. This review describes similarities among CCI/PICS phenotypes in sepsis, cancer, and aging and reviews the role of aberrant myelopoiesis in the pathophysiology of CCI and PICS. In addition, we characterize pathogen recognition, the interface between innate and adaptive immune systems, and therapeutic approaches including immune modulators, gut microbiota support, and nutritional and exercise therapy. Finally, we discuss the future of diagnostic and prognostic approaches guided by machine and deep-learning models trained and validated on big data to identify patients for whom these approaches will yield the greatest benefits. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of CCI and PICS and continued investigation into novel therapies harbor the potential to improve the current dismal long-term outcomes for critically ill post-injury and post-infection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tyler J Loftus
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Russell B Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Steven L Raymond
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie A Stortz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brett P Weiss
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shawn D Larson
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hironori Tsujimoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Turton KB, Wilkerson EM, Hebert AS, Fogerty FJ, Schira HM, Botros FE, Coon JJ, Mosher DF. Expression of novel "LOCGEF" isoforms of ARHGEF18 in eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:135-145. [PMID: 29601110 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ma1017-418rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic databases indicate that the N-terminal 322 residues encoded by the presumptive LOC100996504 gene, which is adjacent to the ARHGEF18 guanine nucleotide exchange factor gene on chromosome 19, constitute the N-terminal portion of a 1361-residue isoform of ARHGEF18, dubbed LOCGEF-X3. LOCGEF-X3 arises from the use of a leukocyte-specific alternative transcriptional start site and splicing that bypasses the initial noncoding exon of the canonical 1015-residue ARHGEF18 isoform, p114. Eosinophil LOCGEF-X3 was amplified and cloned, recombinant LOCGEF-X3 was expressed, and anti-ARHGEF18 antibody was found to recognize a band in immunoblots of eosinophil lysates that co-migrates with recombinant LOCGEF-X3. PCR of eosinophils revealed minor amounts of transcripts for X4 and X5 isoforms of LOCGEF that arise from differential splicing and differ from the X3 isoform at their extreme N-termini. No p114 transcript or protein band was detected in eosinophils. Immunostaining with anti-ARHGEF18 antibody revealed relocalization of LOCGEF and RHOA from the periphery of round unstimulated eosinophils to the 2 poles of eosinophils polarized by treatment with IL5, CCL11, or IL33 in suspension. Canonical p114 ARHGEF18 has been implicated in maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. We suggest that the "LOC" portion of LOCGEF, which is unlike any other protein domain, has unique functions in control of polarity in activated eosinophils and other leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren B Turton
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily M Wilkerson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alex S Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Frances J Fogerty
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hazel M Schira
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Fady E Botros
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Youssef H, Stashenko P. Interleukin-1 and estrogen protect against disseminating dentoalveolar infections. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 9:16-23. [PMID: 28358036 PMCID: PMC5379163 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentoalveolar bacterial infections cause localized tissue and bone destruction, but usually remain well-localized within teeth in immunocompetent hosts. However, in certain cases these infections may invade head and neck tissues, resulting in orofacial abscesses, cellulitis and sepsis, with resultant high morbidity and even mortality. In the present studies, we developed a novel model of spreading dentoalveolar infections in mice by treatment with neutralizing antibodies against both interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β. Surprisingly male but not female mice given anti-IL-1 antibodies developed orofacial abscesses, weight loss, splenomegaly and sepsis. Female mice developed abscesses and sepsis comparable to males following ovariectomy (OVX), which was reversed by estrogen supplementation. Anti-IL-1 blockade inhibited IL-12, interferon γ (IFNγ) and IL-6 but not IL-10 expression in infrabony lesions, suggestive of a local anti-inflammatory response. There was greater infiltration of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells into lesions in anti-IL-1-treated animals; however, blood leukocytes had reduced bacterial phagocytic and killing activity ex vivo. Estrogen directly stimulated IL-1 production by macrophages, suggesting that the resistance of females to disseminating dentoalveolar infections may be due to their heightened pro-inflammatory responses following bacterial challenge, leading to enhanced localization of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Youssef
- Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, USA
| | - Philip Stashenko
- Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, USA
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49
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CD40 ligand deficiency causes functional defects of peripheral neutrophils that are improved by exogenous IFN-γ. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29518426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome caused by CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency often present with episodic, cyclic, or chronic neutropenia, suggesting abnormal neutrophil development in the absence of CD40L-CD40 interaction. However, even when not neutropenic and despite immunoglobulin replacement therapy, CD40L-deficient patients are susceptible to life-threatening infections caused by opportunistic pathogens, suggesting impaired phagocyte function and the need for novel therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVES We sought to analyze whether peripheral neutrophils from CD40L-deficient patients display functional defects and to explore the in vitro effects of recombinant human IFN-γ (rhIFN-γ) on neutrophil function. METHODS We investigated the microbicidal activity, respiratory burst, and transcriptome profile of neutrophils from CD40L-deficient patients. In addition, we evaluated whether the lack of CD40L in mice also affects neutrophil function. RESULTS Neutrophils from CD40L-deficient patients exhibited defective respiratory burst and microbicidal activity, which were improved in vitro by rhIFN-γ but not soluble CD40L. Moreover, neutrophils from patients showed reduced CD16 protein expression and a dysregulated transcriptome suggestive of impaired differentiation. Similar to CD40L-deficient patients, CD40L knockout mice were found to have impaired neutrophil responses. In parallel, we demonstrated that soluble CD40L induces the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 to proliferate and mature by regulating the expression of genes of the same Gene Ontology categories (eg, cell differentiation) when compared with those dysregulated in peripheral blood neutrophils from CD40L-deficient patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a nonredundant role of CD40L-CD40 interaction in neutrophil development and function that could be improved in vitro by rhIFN-γ, indicating a potential novel therapeutic application for this cytokine.
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50
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Mahanta A, Ganguli P, Barah P, Sarkar RR, Sarmah N, Phukan S, Bora M, Baruah S. Integrative Approaches to Understand the Mastery in Manipulation of Host Cytokine Networks by Protozoan Parasites with Emphasis on Plasmodium and Leishmania Species. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29527208 PMCID: PMC5829655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases by protozoan pathogens pose a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries, where these are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Protozoan pathogens tend to establish chronic infections underscoring their competence at subversion of host immune processes, an important component of disease pathogenesis and of their virulence. Modulation of cytokine and chemokine levels, their crosstalks and downstream signaling pathways, and thereby influencing recruitment and activation of immune cells is crucial to immune evasion and subversion. Many protozoans are now known to secrete effector molecules that actively modulate host immune transcriptome and bring about alterations in host epigenome to alter cytokine levels and signaling. The complexity of multi-dimensional events during interaction of hosts and protozoan parasites ranges from microscopic molecular levels to macroscopic ecological and epidemiological levels that includes disrupting metabolic pathways, cell cycle (Toxoplasma and Theileria sp.), respiratory burst, and antigen presentation (Leishmania spp.) to manipulation of signaling hubs. This requires an integrative systems biology approach to combine the knowledge from all these levels to identify the complex mechanisms of protozoan evolution via immune escape during host-parasite coevolution. Considering the diversity of protozoan parasites, in this review, we have focused on Leishmania and Plasmodium infections. Along with the biological understanding, we further elucidate the current efforts in generating, integrating, and modeling of multi-dimensional data to explain the modulation of cytokine networks by these two protozoan parasites to achieve their persistence in host via immune escape during host-parasite coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Mahanta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
| | - Piyali Ganguli
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Campus, Pune, India
| | - Pankaj Barah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Ram Rup Sarkar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Campus, Pune, India
| | - Neelanjana Sarmah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Saurav Phukan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Mayuri Bora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Shashi Baruah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
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