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Xu B, Liu Y, Li N, Geng Q. Lactate and lactylation in macrophage metabolic reprogramming: current progress and outstanding issues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395786. [PMID: 38835758 PMCID: PMC11148263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
It is commonly known that different macrophage phenotypes play specific roles in different pathophysiological processes. In recent years, many studies have linked the phenotypes of macrophages to their characteristics in different metabolic pathways, suggesting that macrophages can perform different functions through metabolic reprogramming. It is now gradually recognized that lactate, previously overlooked as a byproduct of glycolytic metabolism, acts as a signaling molecule in regulating multiple biological processes, including immunological responses and metabolism. Recently, lactate has been found to mediate epigenetic changes in macrophages through a newfound lactylation modification, thereby regulating their phenotypic transformation. This novel finding highlights the significant role of lactate metabolism in macrophage function. In this review, we summarize the features of relevant metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and the role of lactate metabolism therein. We also review the progress of research on the regulation of macrophage metabolic reprogramming by lactylation through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Hansakon A, Angkasekwinai P. Arginase inhibitor reduces fungal dissemination in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis by promoting anti-cryptococcal immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111995. [PMID: 38581993 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Elevation of arginase enzyme activity in the lung contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases and infections. Inhibition of arginase expression and activity is able to alleviate those effects. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of arginase inhibitor in C. neoformans infection. In the pulmonary cryptococcosis model that was shown to recapitulate human infection, we found arginase expression was excessively induced in the lung during the late stage of infection. To inhibit the activity of arginase, we administered a specific arginase inhibitor, nor-NOHA, during C. neoformans infection. Inhibition of arginase reduced eosinophil infiltration and level of IL-13 secretion in the lungs. Whole lung transcriptome RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that treatment with nor-NOHA resulted in shifting the Th2-type gene expression patterns induced by C. neoformans infection to the Th1-type immune profile, with higher expression of cytokines Ifng, Il6, Tnfa, Csf3, chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 and transcription factor Stat1. More importantly, mice treated with arginase inhibitor had more infiltrating brain leukocytes and enhanced gene expression of Th1-associated cytokines and chemokines that are known to be essential for protection against C. neoformans infection. Inhibition of arginase dramatically attenuated spleen and brain infection, with improved survival. Taken together, these studies demonstrated that inhibiting arginase activity induced by C. neoformans infection can modulate host immune response by enhancing protective type-1 immune response during C. neoformans infection. The inhibition of arginase activity could be an immunomodulatory target to enhance protective anti-cryptococcal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithap Hansakon
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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3
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Bergwik J, Liu J, Padra M, Bhongir RKV, Tanner L, Xiang Y, Lundblad M, Egesten A, Adner M. A novel quinoline with airway relaxant effects and anti-inflammatory properties. Respir Res 2024; 25:146. [PMID: 38555460 PMCID: PMC10981829 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic pulmonary diseases characterized by inflammation and airway obstruction, such as asthma and COPD, there are unmet needs for improved treatment. Quinolines is a group of small heterocyclic compounds that have a broad range of pharmacological properties. Here, we investigated the airway relaxant and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel quinoline (RCD405). METHODS The airway relaxant effect of RCD405 was examined in isolated airways from humans, dogs, rats and mice. Murine models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma and LPS-induced airway inflammation were used to study the effects in vivo. RCD405 (10 mg/kg) or, for comparisons in selected studies, budesonide (3 mg/kg), were administered intratracheally 1 h prior to each challenge. Airway responsiveness was determined using methacholine provocation. Immune cell recruitment to bronchi was measured using flow cytometry and histological analyses were applied to investigate cell influx and goblet cell hyperplasia of the airways. Furthermore, production of cytokines and chemokines was measured using a multiplex immunoassay. The expression levels of asthma-related genes in murine lung tissue were determined by PCR. The involvement of NF-κB and metabolic activity was measured in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. RESULTS RCD405 demonstrated a relaxant effect on carbachol precontracted airways in all four species investigated (potency ranking: human = rat > dog = mouse). The OVA-specific IgE and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were significantly reduced by intratracheal treatment with RCD405, while no significant changes were observed for budesonide. In addition, administration of RCD405 to mice significantly decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as recruitment of immune cells to the lungs in both OVA- and LPS-induced airway inflammation, with a similar effect as for budesonide (in the OVA-model). However, the effect on gene expression of Il-4, IL-5 and Il-13 was more pronounced for RCD405 as compared to budesonide. Finally, in vitro, RCD405 reduced the LPS-induced NF-κB activation and by itself reduced cellular metabolism. CONCLUSIONS RCD405 has airway relaxant effects, and it reduces AHR as well as airway inflammation in the models used, suggesting that it could be a clinically relevant compound to treat inflammatory airway diseases. Possible targets of this compound are complexes of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased metabolic activity of targeted cells as well as through pathways associated to NF-κB. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bergwik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jielu Liu
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Médea Padra
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ravi K V Bhongir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lloyd Tanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yujiao Xiang
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Arne Egesten
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Differential Analysis of Key Proteins Related to Fibrosis and Inflammation in Soluble Egg Antigen of Schistosoma mansoni at Different Infection Times. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030441. [PMID: 36986363 PMCID: PMC10054402 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major global health problem. Schistosomes secrete antigens into the host tissue that bind to chemokines or inhibit immune cell receptors, regulating the immune responses to allow schistosome development. However, the detailed mechanism of chronic schistosome infection-induced liver fibrosis, including the relationship between secreted soluble egg antigen (SEA) and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, is still unknown. We used mass spectrometry to identify the SEA protein sequences from different infection weeks. In the 10th and 12th infection weeks, we focused on the SEA components and screened out the special protein components, particularly fibrosis- and inflammation-related protein sequences. Our results have identified heat shock proteins, phosphorylation-associated enzymes, or kinases, such as Sm16, GSTA3, GPCRs, EF1-α, MMP7, and other proteins linked to schistosome-induced liver fibrosis. After sorting, we found many special proteins related to fibrosis and inflammation, but studies proving their association with schistosomiasis infection are limited. Follow-up studies on MICOS, MATE1, 14-3-3 epsilon, and CDCP1 are needed. We treated the LX-2 cells with the SEA from the 8th, 10th, and 12th infection weeks to test HSC activation. In a trans-well cell model in which PBMCs and HSCs were co-cultured, the SEA could significantly induce TGF-β secretion, especially from the 12th week of infection. Our data also showed that TGF-β secreted by PBMC after the SEA treatment activates LX-2 and upregulates hepatic fibrotic markers α-SMA and collagen 1. Based on these results, the CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) screened at the 12th infection week could be investigated further. This study clarifies the trend of immune mechanism variation in the different stages of schistosome infection. However, how egg-induced immune response transformation causes liver tissue fibrosis needs to be studied further.
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Kokubo K, Onodera A, Kiuchi M, Tsuji K, Hirahara K, Nakayama T. Conventional and pathogenic Th2 cells in inflammation, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945063. [PMID: 36016937 PMCID: PMC9395650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, play an important role in the host defense against pathogens and allergens by producing Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, to trigger inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence reveals that Th2 cells also contribute to the repair of injured tissues after inflammatory reactions. However, when the tissue repair process becomes chronic, excessive, or uncontrolled, pathological fibrosis is induced, leading to organ failure and death. Thus, proper control of Th2 cells is needed for complete tissue repair without the induction of fibrosis. Recently, the existence of pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells has been revealed. Tpath2 cells produce large amounts of Th2 cytokines and induce type 2 inflammation when activated by antigen exposure or tissue injury. In recent studies, Tpath2 cells are suggested to play a central role in the induction of type 2 inflammation whereas the role of Tpath2 cells in tissue repair and fibrosis has been less reported in comparison to conventional Th2 cells. In this review, we discuss the roles of conventional Th2 cells and pathogenic Th2 cells in the sequence of tissue inflammation, repair, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsuji
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiyoshi Hirahara, ; Toshinori Nakayama,
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiyoshi Hirahara, ; Toshinori Nakayama,
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Protecting tissue integrity and enteric function: the case for type 2 inflammation and macrophages. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:191-192. [PMID: 35078723 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation (T2I) accompanies many inflammatory diseases. In a recent issue of Cell, Ahrends et al. demonstrate that helminth-elicited T2I preserves excitatory neurons and enteric function through the expansion of Arginase-1 (Arg-1)-expressing macrophages, thereby extending our understanding of the protective functions that T2I can orchestrate in inflamed barrier tissue.
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Fu Y, Wang J, Zhou B, Pajulas A, Gao H, Ramdas B, Koh B, Ulrich BJ, Yang S, Kapur R, Renauld JC, Paczesny S, Liu Y, Tighe RM, Licona-Limón P, Flavell RA, Takatsuka S, Kitamura D, Tepper RS, Sun J, Kaplan MH. An IL-9-pulmonary macrophage axis defines the allergic lung inflammatory environment. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi9768. [PMID: 35179949 PMCID: PMC8991419 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi9768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite IL-9 functioning as a pleiotropic cytokine in mucosal environments, the IL-9-responsive cell repertoire is still not well defined. Here, we found that IL-9 mediates proallergic activities in the lungs by targeting lung macrophages. IL-9 inhibits alveolar macrophage expansion and promotes recruitment of monocytes that develop into CD11c+ and CD11c- interstitial macrophage populations. Interstitial macrophages were required for IL-9-dependent allergic responses. Mechanistically, IL-9 affected the function of lung macrophages by inducing Arg1 activity. Compared with Arg1-deficient lung macrophages, Arg1-expressing macrophages expressed greater amounts of CCL5. Adoptive transfer of Arg1+ lung macrophages but not Arg1- lung macrophages promoted allergic inflammation that Il9r-/- mice were protected against. In parallel, the elevated expression of IL-9, IL-9R, Arg1, and CCL5 was correlated with disease in patients with asthma. Thus, our study uncovers an IL-9/macrophage/Arg1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Baohua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Baskar Ramdas
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Byunghee Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Benjamin J Ulrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Experimental Medicine Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200 Belgium
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biologia Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shogo Takatsuka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Robert S. Tepper
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Chen F, El-Naccache DW, Ponessa JJ, Lemenze A, Espinosa V, Wu W, Lothstein K, Jin L, Antao O, Weinstein JS, Damani-Yokota P, Khanna K, Murray PJ, Rivera A, Siracusa MC, Gause WC. Helminth resistance is mediated by differential activation of recruited monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages and arginine depletion. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110215. [PMID: 35021079 PMCID: PMC9403845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are known to mediate anti-helminth responses, but it remains uncertain which subsets are involved or how macrophages actually kill helminths. Here, we show rapid monocyte recruitment to the lung after infection with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this inflamed tissue microenvironment, these monocytes differentiate into an alveolar macrophage (AM)-like phenotype, expressing both SiglecF and CD11c, surround invading parasitic larvae, and preferentially kill parasites in vitro. Monocyte-derived AMs (Mo-AMs) express type 2-associated markers and show a distinct remodeling of the chromatin landscape relative to tissue-derived AMs (TD-AMs). In particular, they express high amounts of arginase-1 (Arg1), which we demonstrate mediates helminth killing through L-arginine depletion. These studies indicate that recruited monocytes are selectively programmed in the pulmonary environment to express AM markers and an anti-helminth phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Darine W El-Naccache
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John J Ponessa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine Lothstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Linhua Jin
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia Antao
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Payal Damani-Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamal Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Darmani H. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Open Biol 2021; 11:210216. [PMID: 34753323 PMCID: PMC8580465 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can mediate immune dysfunction and exhaustion during the course of infection. Chronic immune activation, after HIV infection, seems to be a key driving force of such unwanted consequences, which in turn worsens the pathological status. In such cases, the immune system is programmed to initiate responses that counteract unwanted immune activation, for example through the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Although the expansion of immune suppressor cells in the setting of systemic chronic immune activation, in theory, is expected to contain immune activation, HIV infection is still associated with a remarkably high level of biomarkers of immune activation. Paradoxically, the expansion of immune suppressor cells during HIV infection can suppress potent anti-viral immune responses, which in turn contribute to viral persistence and disease progression. This indicates that HIV hijacks not only immune activation but also the immune regulatory responses to its advantage. In this work, we aim to pave the way to comprehend how such unwanted expansion of MDSCs could participate in the pathology of acute/primary and chronic HIV infection in humans, as well as simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques, according to the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Homa Darmani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Martins NS, de Campos Fraga-Silva TF, Correa GF, Boko MMM, Ramalho LNZ, Rodrigues DM, Hori JI, Costa DL, Bastos JK, Bonato VLD. Artepillin C Reduces Allergic Airway Inflammation by Induction of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111763. [PMID: 34834178 PMCID: PMC8625726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product produced by bees that is primarily used in complementary and alternative medicine and has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumoral biological properties. Some studies have reported the beneficial effects of propolis in models of allergic asthma. In a previous study, our group showed that green propolis treatment reduced airway inflammation and mucus secretion in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model and resulted in increased regulatory T cells (Treg) and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) frequencies in the lungs, two leukocyte populations that have immunosuppressive functions. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of artepillin C (ArtC), the major compound of green propolis, in the context of allergic airway inflammation. Our results show that ArtC induces in vitro differentiation of Treg cells and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC). Furthermore, in an OVA-induced asthma model, ArtC treatment reduced pulmonary inflammation, eosinophil influx to the airways, mucus and IL-5 secretion along with increased frequency of M-MDSC, but not Treg cells, in the lungs. Using an adoptive transfer model, we confirmed that the effect of ArtC in the reduction in airway inflammation was dependent on M-MDSC. Altogether, our data show that ArtC exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect and might be an adjuvant therapy for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Sabrina Martins
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (M.M.M.B.); (D.L.C.)
| | - Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.F.d.C.F.-S.); (G.F.C.)
| | - Giseli Furlan Correa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.F.d.C.F.-S.); (G.F.C.)
| | - Mèdéton Mahoussi Michaël Boko
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (M.M.M.B.); (D.L.C.)
| | - Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Débora Munhoz Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (D.M.R.); (J.K.B.)
| | - Juliana Issa Hori
- Apis Flora Industrial and Comercial Ltda, Ribeirao Preto 14020-670, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Diego Luis Costa
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (M.M.M.B.); (D.L.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.F.d.C.F.-S.); (G.F.C.)
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (D.M.R.); (J.K.B.)
| | - Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (M.M.M.B.); (D.L.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.F.d.C.F.-S.); (G.F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Martí I Líndez AA, Reith W. Arginine-dependent immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5303-5324. [PMID: 34037806 PMCID: PMC8257534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An appropriate supply of arginine has long been associated with the improvement of immune responses. In addition to being a building block for protein synthesis, arginine serves as a substrate for distinct metabolic pathways that profoundly affect immune cell biology; especially macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell immunobiology. Arginine availability, synthesis, and catabolism are highly interrelated aspects of immune responses and their fine-tuning can dictate divergent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory immune outcomes. Here, we review the organismal pathways of arginine metabolism in humans and rodents, as essential modulators of the availability of this semi-essential amino acid for immune cells. We subsequently review well-established and novel findings on the functional impact of arginine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways on the main immune cell lineages. Finally, as arginine has emerged as a molecule impacting on a plethora of immune functions, we integrate key notions on how the disruption or perversion of arginine metabolism is implicated in pathologies ranging from infectious diseases to autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Houlder EL, Costain AH, Cook PC, MacDonald AS. Schistosomes in the Lung: Immunobiology and Opportunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635513. [PMID: 33953712 PMCID: PMC8089482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosome infection is a major cause of global morbidity, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is no effective vaccine for this major neglected tropical disease, and re-infection routinely occurs after chemotherapeutic treatment. Following invasion through the skin, larval schistosomula enter the circulatory system and migrate through the lung before maturing to adulthood in the mesenteric or urogenital vasculature. Eggs released from adult worms can become trapped in various tissues, with resultant inflammatory responses leading to hepato-splenic, intestinal, or urogenital disease – processes that have been extensively studied in recent years. In contrast, although lung pathology can occur in both the acute and chronic phases of schistosomiasis, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary disease are particularly poorly understood. In chronic infection, egg-mediated fibrosis and vascular destruction can lead to the formation of portosystemic shunts through which eggs can embolise to the lungs, where they can trigger granulomatous disease. Acute schistosomiasis, or Katayama syndrome, which is primarily evident in non-endemic individuals, occurs during pulmonary larval migration, maturation, and initial egg-production, often involving fever and a cough with an accompanying immune cell infiltrate into the lung. Importantly, lung migrating larvae are not just a cause of inflammation and pathology but are a key target for future vaccine design. However, vaccine efforts are hindered by a limited understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to larvae. In this review, we explore the current understanding of pulmonary immune responses and inflammatory pathology in schistosomiasis, highlighting important unanswered questions and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Houlder
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alice H Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Cook
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Scott JA, Maarsingh H, Holguin F, Grasemann H. Arginine Therapy for Lung Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627503. [PMID: 33833679 PMCID: PMC8022134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by a family of isoenzymes, nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), which all utilize L-arginine as substrate. The production of NO in the lung and airways can play a number of roles during lung development, regulates airway and vascular smooth muscle tone, and is involved in inflammatory processes and host defense. Altered L-arginine/NO homeostasis, due to the accumulation of endogenous NOS inhibitors and competition for substrate with the arginase enzymes, has been found to play a role in various conditions affecting the lung and in pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary hypertension, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Different therapeutic strategies to increase L-arginine levels or bioavailability are currently being explored in pre-clinical and clinical studies. These include supplementation of L-arginine or L-citrulline and inhibition of arginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Scott
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harm Maarsingh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL, United States
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Haydar D, Gonzalez R, Garvy BA, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Thamban Chandrika N, Bocklage TJ, Feola DJ. Myeloid arginase-1 controls excessive inflammation and modulates T cell responses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Immunobiology 2020; 226:152034. [PMID: 33278710 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory properties of macrophages associated with alternative activation serve to limit the exaggerated inflammatory response during pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Arginase-1 is an important effector of these macrophages believed to play an essential role in decreasing injury and promoting repair. We investigated the role of arginase-1 in the control of inflammatory immune responses to P. aeruginosa pneumonia in mice that exhibit different immunologic phenotypes. C57BL/6 mice with conditional knockout of the arginase-1 (Arg1) gene from myeloid cells (Arg1ΔM) or BALB/c mice treated with small molecule inhibitors of arginase were infected intratracheally with P. aeruginosa. Weight loss, mortality, bacterial clearance, and lung injury were assessed and compared, as were the characterization of immune cell populations over time post-infection. Myeloid arginase-1 deletion resulted in greater morbidity along with more severe inflammatory responses compared to littermate control mice. Arg1ΔM mice had greater numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in their airways and lymph nodes compared to littermate controls. Additionally, Arg1ΔM mice recovered from inflammatory lung injury at a significantly slower rate. Conversely, treatment of BALB/c mice with the arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine hydrochloride (BEC) did not change morbidity as defined by weight loss, but mice at day 10 post-infection treated with BEC had gained significantly more weight back than controls. Neutrophil and macrophage infiltration were similar between groups in the lung parenchyma, and neutrophil migration into the airways was reduced by BEC treatment. Differences seem to lie in the impact on T cell subset disposition. Arg1ΔM mice had increased total CD4+ T cell expansion in the lymph nodes, and increased T cell activation, IFNγ production, and IL-17 production in the lymph nodes, lung interstitium, and airways, while treatment with BEC had no impact on T cell activation or IL-17 production, but reduced the number of T cells producing IFNγ in the lungs. Lung injury scores were increased in the Arg1ΔM mice, but no differences were observed in the mice treated with pharmacologic arginase inhibitors. Overall, myeloid arginase production was demonstrated to be essential for control of damaging inflammatory responses associated with P. aeruginosa pneumonia in C57BL/6 mice, in contrast to a protective effect in the Th2-dominant BALB/c mice when arginase activity is globally inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Haydar
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Rene Gonzalez
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Beth A Garvy
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Therese J Bocklage
- University of Kentucky Healthcare, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - David J Feola
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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15
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Baek KW, Lee DI, Jeong MJ, Kang SA, Choe Y, Yoo JI, Yu HS, Kim JS. Effects of lifelong spontaneous exercise on the M1/M2 macrophage polarization ratio and gene expression in adipose tissue of super-aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2020; 141:111091. [PMID: 32931843 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the adipose tissue (AT), an increase in the M1 macrophage (M1Ø)/M2 macrophage (M2Ø) polarization ratio can be a risk factor enhancing the inflammatory response during aging, as well as increasing the risk of chronic disease, thereby reducing lifespan, or at least reducing "healthy" lifespan. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the AT M1Ø/M2Ø polarization ratio at the final lifespan stage in aged and control animals performing lifelong spontaneous wheel running. Based on flow cytometric analysis, the AT ratio of macrophages revealed M2Ø polarization following lifelong spontaneous exercise (LSE) regardless of age. However, for Icam1 and Tnf, the qPCR analysis showed no difference in gene expressions in young mice; Arg1 expression was higher in Young-EXE (exercising) than in Young-CON (control) mice (p < .0001). In Old-EXE, Icam1 (p < .0001) and Tnf (p < .0001) expression were lower than in Old-CON; for Arg1, gene expression in Old-EXE was higher than in Old-CON (p < .0001). LSE prevents deterioration of physical fitness owing to aging, maintaining high M2Ø polarization levels in the AT. Additionally, LSE does not downregulate Icam1 and Tnf in the AT but appears to suppress the increased M1Ø polarization ratio attributed to aging by upregulating Arg1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Wan Baek
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-In Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Jeong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Choe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea..
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Rahman L, Williams A, Gelda K, Nikota J, Wu D, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. 21st Century Tools for Nanotoxicology: Transcriptomic Biomarker Panel and Precision-Cut Lung Slice Organ Mimic System for the Assessment of Nanomaterial-Induced Lung Fibrosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000272. [PMID: 32347014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for reliable toxicity assays to support the human health risk assessment of an ever increasing number of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Animal testing is not a suitable option for ENMs. Sensitive in vitro models and mechanism-based targeted in vitro assays that enable accurate prediction of in vivo responses are not yet available. In this proof-of-principle study, publicly available mouse lung transcriptomics data from studies investigating xenobiotic-induced lung diseases are used and a 17-gene biomarker panel (PFS17) applicable to the assessment of lung fibrosis is developed. The PFS17 is validated using a limited number of in vivo mouse lung transcriptomics datasets from studies investigating ENM-induced responses. In addition, an ex vivo precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) model is optimized for screening of potentially inflammogenic and pro-fibrotic ENMs. Using bleomycin and a multiwalled carbon nanotube, the practical application of the PCLS method as a sensitive alternative to whole animal tests to screen ENMs that may potentially induce inhalation toxicity is shown. Conditional to further optimization and validation, it is established that a combination of PFS17 and the ex vivo PCLS method will serve as a robust and sensitive approach to assess lung inflammation and fibrosis induced by ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Rahman
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Krishna Gelda
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jake Nikota
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 101A 2800 Copenhagen, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
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17
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Borghi M, Puccetti M, Pariano M, Renga G, Stincardini C, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S, Costantini C, Romani L. Tryptophan as a Central Hub for Host/Microbial Symbiosis. Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920919755. [PMID: 32435131 PMCID: PMC7225782 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920919755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid catabolism occurs during inflammation and regulates innate and adaptive immunity. The role of commensal bacteria in amino acid catabolism and the production of metabolites able to regulate the development and function of the innate immune system is increasingly being recognized. Therefore, commensal bacteria are key players in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. However, the intestinal microbiota also contributes to susceptibility and response to infectious diseases. This is self-evident for fungal infections known to occur as a consequence of weakened immune system and broad-spectrum antibiotic use or abuse. Thus, diseases caused by opportunistic fungi can no longer be viewed as dependent only on a weakened host but also on a disrupted microbiota. Based on these premises, the present review focuses on the role of amino acid metabolic pathways in the dialogue between the mammalian host and its microbiota and the potential implications in fungal commensalism and infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Borghi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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18
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Coakley G, Harris NL. Interactions between macrophages and helminths. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12717. [PMID: 32249432 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, the major population of tissue-resident mononuclear phagocytes, contribute significantly to the immune response during helminth infection. Alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) are induced early in the anti-helminth response following tissue insult and parasite recognition, amplifying the early type 2 immune cascade initiated by epithelial cells and ILC2s, and subsequently driving parasite expulsion. AAM also contribute to functional alterations in tissues infiltrated with helminth larvae, mediating both tissue repair and inflammation. Their activation is amplified and occurs more rapidly following reinfection, where they can play a dual role in trapping tissue migratory larvae and preventing or resolving the associated inflammation and damage. In this review, we will address both the known and emerging roles of tissue macrophages during helminth infection, in addition to considering both outstanding research questions and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Laraine Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Lee KY, Lee YL, Chiang MH, Wang HY, Chen CY, Lin CH, Chen YC, Fan CK, Cheng PC. Schistosoma egg antigens suppress LPS-induced inflammation in human IMR-90 cells by modulation of JAK/STAT1 signaling. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:501-513. [PMID: 32033858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory events during the treatment of pulmonary infection is very important. Soluble Schistosoma egg antigens (SEA) can effectively inhibit the expression of cytokines during hepatic acute inflammation. However, the mechanisms by which these proteins suppress the inflammatory responses in lung cells remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of SEA to inhibit pulmonary inflammation. METHODS The effects of SEA were investigated in LPS-treated lung IMR-90 cells. The involvement of the JAK/STAT-1 signaling pathway in these effects was evaluated by employing CBA assays, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting experiments. RESULTS Pretreatment of IMR-90 cells with appropriate concentrations of SEA protected cells against the cytotoxic effects of LPS-induced inflammation in a time-dependent manner. SEA pretreatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced activation of the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway, including the upregulation of JAK1/2 and STAT1, as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines. The level of phosphorylated STAT1 gradually declined in response to increasing concentrations of SEA. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that SEA-induced anti-inflammatory effects initiate with the downregulation of the IFN-γ-JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway, resulting in the attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation in IMR-90 cells. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of SEA in an in vitro model of pulmonary inflammation, involving the modulation of JAK/STAT1 signaling. We propose SEA as potential therapeutic or preventive agents for the selective suppression of STAT1 and the control of inflammatory response in lung IMR-90 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiu Chiang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yang Wang
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Yu Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hong Lin
- The Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chou Chen
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kwung Fan
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Canè S, Bronte V. Detection and functional evaluation of arginase-1 isolated from human PMNs and murine MDSC. Methods Enzymol 2020; 632:193-213. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Oates JR, McKell MC, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Damen MSMA, Deepe GS, Qualls JE, Divanovic S. Macrophage Function in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Mac Attack. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2893. [PMID: 31921154 PMCID: PMC6922022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent predisposing factor to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in the developed world. NAFLD spectrum of disease involves progression from steatosis (NAFL), to steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite clinical and public health significance, current FDA approved therapies for NAFLD are lacking in part due to insufficient understanding of pathogenic mechanisms driving disease progression. The etiology of NAFLD is multifactorial. The induction of both systemic and tissue inflammation consequential of skewed immune cell metabolic state, polarization, tissue recruitment, and activation are central to NAFLD progression. Here, we review the current understanding of the above stated cellular and molecular processes that govern macrophage contribution to NAFLD pathogenesis and how adipose tissue and liver crosstalk modulates macrophage function. Notably, the manipulation of such events may lead to the development of new therapies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarren R Oates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Melanie C McKell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - George S Deepe
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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22
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Huang X, Li Y, Guo X, Zhu Z, Kong X, Yu F, Wang Q. Identification of differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via bioinformatic analysis. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1880-1899. [PMID: 31419078 PMCID: PMC6823288 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease that creates public health challenges worldwide. The underlying molecular mechanisms of COPD are not entirely clear. In this study, we aimed to identify the critical genes and potential molecular mechanisms of COPD by bioinformatic analysis. The gene expression profiles of lung tissues of COPD cases and healthy control subjects were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by integration with annotations from Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, followed by construction of a protein‐protein interaction network and weighted gene coexpression analysis. We identified 139 differentially expressed genes associated with the progression of COPD, among which 14 Hub genes were identified and found to be enriched in certain categories, including immune and inflammatory response, response to lipopolysaccharide and receptor for advanced glycation end products binding; in addition, these Hub genes are involved in multiple signaling pathways, particularly hematopoietic cell lineage and cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction. The 14 Hub genes were positively or negatively associated with COPD by wgcna analysis. The genes CX3CR1,PTGS2,FPR1,FPR2, S100A12,EGR1,CD163, S100A8 and S100A9 were identified to mediate inflammation and injury of the lung, and play critical roles in the pathogenesis of COPD. These findings improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China.,Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yunwei Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zongxin Zhu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fubing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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23
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Heung LJ, Hohl TM. Inflammatory monocytes are detrimental to the host immune response during acute infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007627. [PMID: 30897162 PMCID: PMC6428256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a leading cause of invasive fungal infections among immunocompromised patients. However, the cellular constituents of the innate immune response that promote clearance versus progression of infection upon respiratory acquisition of C. neoformans remain poorly defined. In this study, we found that during acute C. neoformans infection, CCR2+ Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes (IM) rapidly infiltrate the lungs and mediate fungal trafficking to lung-draining lymph nodes. Interestingly, this influx of IM is detrimental to the host, since ablating IM or impairing their recruitment to the lungs improves murine survival and reduces fungal proliferation and dissemination. Using a novel conditional gene deletion strategy, we determined that MHC class II expression by IM did not mediate their deleterious impact on the host. Furthermore, although ablation of IM reduced the number of lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and eosinophils in the lungs, the effects of IM were not dependent on these cells. We ascertained that IM in the lungs upregulated transcripts associated with alternatively activated (M2) macrophages in response to C. neoformans, consistent with the model that IM assume a cellular phenotype that is permissive for fungal growth. We also determined that conditional knockout of the prototypical M2 marker arginase 1 in IM and deletion of the M2-associated transcription factor STAT6 were not sufficient to reverse the harmful effects of IM. Overall, our findings indicate that C. neoformans can subvert the fungicidal potential of IM to enable the progression of infection through a mechanism that is not dependent on lymphocyte priming, eosinophil recruitment, or downstream M2 macrophage polarization pathways. These results give us new insight into the plasticity of IM function during fungal infections and the level of control that C. neoformans can exert on host immune responses. Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that is prevalent throughout the environment and can cause a fatal infection of the central nervous system when inhaled into the lungs by patients with impaired immune systems. Our understanding of the immune responses that either help clear C. neoformans from the lungs or permit development of disease remains limited. In this study, we used a mouse model of lethal C. neoformans infection to determine that inflammatory monocytes, immune cells that are often among the first responders to infections, actually facilitate the progression of infection rather than clearance. These findings establish a foundation for future work to target the immune response of inflammatory monocytes as a strategy to improve the outcomes of patients that develop C. neoformans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J. Heung
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LJH); (TMH)
| | - Tobias M. Hohl
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LJH); (TMH)
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24
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M1 and M2 macrophages differentially regulate hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and ex vivo expansion. Blood Adv 2019; 2:859-870. [PMID: 29666049 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018015685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal is regulated can lead to the development of new strategies for promoting ex vivo HSC expansion. Here, we report the discovery that alternative (M2)-polarized macrophages (M2-MΦs) promote, but classical (M1)-polarized macrophages (M1-MΦs) inhibit, the self-renewal and expansion of HSCs from mouse bone marrow (BM) in vitro. The opposite effects of M1-MΦs and M2-MΦs on mouse BM HSCs were attributed to their differential expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and arginase 1 (Arg1), because genetic knockout of Nos2 and Arg1 or inhibition of these enzymes with a specific inhibitor abrogated the differential effects of M1-MΦs and M2-MΦs. The opposite effects of M1-MΦs and M2-MΦs on HSCs from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) were also observed when hUCB CD34+ cells were cocultured with M1-MΦs and M2-MΦs generated from hUCB CD34- cells. Importantly, coculture of hUCB CD34+ cells with human M2-MΦs for 8 days resulted in 28.7- and 6.6-fold increases in the number of CD34+ cells and long-term SCID mice-repopulating cells, respectively, compared with uncultured hUCB CD34+ cells. Our findings could lead to the development of new strategies to promote ex vivo hUCB HSC expansion to improve the clinical utility and outcome of hUCB HSC transplantation and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of hematological dysfunctions associated with infection and inflammation that can lead to differential macrophage polarization.
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25
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Mould KJ, Jackson ND, Henson PM, Seibold M, Janssen WJ. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies unique inflammatory airspace macrophage subsets. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126556. [PMID: 30721157 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are well recognized for their dual roles in orchestrating inflammatory responses and regulating tissue repair. In almost all acutely inflamed tissues, 2 main subclasses of macrophages coexist. These include embryonically derived resident tissue macrophages and BM-derived recruited macrophages. While it is clear that macrophage subsets categorized in this fashion display distinct transcriptional and functional profiles, whether all cells within these categories and in the same inflammatory microenvironment share similar functions or whether further specialization exists has not been determined. To investigate inflammatory macrophage heterogeneity on a more granular level, we induced acute lung inflammation in mice and performed single cell RNA sequencing of macrophages isolated from the airspaces during health, peak inflammation, and resolution of inflammation. In doing so, we confirm that cell origin is the major determinant of alveolar macrophage (AM) programing, and, to our knowledge, we describe 2 previously uncharacterized, transcriptionally distinct subdivisions of AMs based on proliferative capacity and inflammatory programing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Mould
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Program for Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Max Seibold
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Genes, Environment, and Health and.,Program for Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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26
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Rockel JS, Kapoor M. The Metabolome and Osteoarthritis: Possible Contributions to Symptoms and Pathology. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040092. [PMID: 30551581 PMCID: PMC6315757 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, deteriorative disease of articular joints. Although traditionally viewed as a local pathology, biomarker exploration has shown that systemic changes can be observed. These include changes to cytokines, microRNAs, and more recently, metabolites. The metabolome is the set of metabolites within a biological sample and includes circulating amino acids, lipids, and sugar moieties. Recent studies suggest that metabolites in the synovial fluid and blood could be used as biomarkers for OA incidence, prognosis, and response to therapy. However, based on clinical, demographic, and anthropometric factors, the local synovial joint and circulating metabolomes may be patient specific, with select subsets of metabolites contributing to OA disease. This review explores the contribution of the local and systemic metabolite changes to OA, and their potential impact on OA symptoms and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Rockel
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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27
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Macrophage Activation and Functions during Helminth Infection: Recent Advances from the Laboratory Mouse. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2790627. [PMID: 30057915 PMCID: PMC6051086 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2790627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic innate immune cells that adopt an important diversity of phenotypes in response to environmental cues. Helminth infections induce strong type 2 cell-mediated immune responses, characterized among other things by production of high levels of interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-13. Alternative activation of macrophages by IL-4 in vitro was described as an opposite phenotype of classically activated macrophages, but the in vivo reality is much more complex. Their exact activation state as well as the role of these cells and associated molecules in type 2 immune responses remains to be fully understood. We can take advantage of a variety of helminth models available, each of which have their own feature including life cycle, site of infection, or pathological mechanisms influencing macrophage biology. Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection.
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28
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Cloots RHE, Poynter ME, Terwindt E, Lamers WH, Köhler SE. Hypoargininemia exacerbates airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma. Respir Res 2018; 19:98. [PMID: 29792217 PMCID: PMC5967058 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition, with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation as hallmarks. The hypothesis that the substantially increased expression of arginase 1 in activated macrophages limits the availability of L-arginine for nitric oxide synthesis, and thus increases AHR in lungs of mice with experimentally induced allergic asthma was recently refuted by several studies. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that, instead, a low circulating concentration of arginine aggravates AHR in the same murine asthma model. Female FVB F/A2 tg/tg transgenic mice, which overexpress rat arginase 1 in their enterocytes, exhibit a ~ 50% decrease of their plasma L-arginine concentration. METHODS Adult female F/A2 tg/tg mice and their wild-type littermates (F/A2 wt/wt ) were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA/OVA). Lung function was assessed with the flexiVent™ system. Adaptive changes in the expression of arginine-metabolizing or -transporting enzymes, chemokines and cytokines, and lung histology were quantified with qPCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Reduction of circulating L-arginine concentration significantly increased AHR in OVA/OVA-treated mice and, to a lesser extent, even in PBS/OVA-treated mice. The pulmonary inflammatory response in OVA/OVA-treated F/A2 tg/tg and F/A2 wt/wt mice was comparable. OVA/OVA-treated F/A2 tg/tg mice differed from similarly treated female mice, in which arginase 1 expression in lung macrophages was eliminated, by a complete absence of an adaptive increase in the expression of arginine-metabolizing or -transporting enzymes. CONCLUSION A reduction of the circulating L-arginine concentration rather than the macrophage-mediated increase of arginine catabolism worsens AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy H. E. Cloots
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, VT, Burlington, USA
| | - Els Terwindt
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Eleonore Köhler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Macrophages are central players in the immune response following tissue injury. These cells perform many functions, and the changing tissue microenvironment during injury shapes macrophage phenotype down a variety of polarized pathways. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the roles of macrophages during different stages of tissue injury, repair, and-if repair is not achieved-fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophages present early in inflammation are functionally distinct from those at later stages. The predominant macrophage phenotype must transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-reparative to facilitate wound healing and scar resolution. If macrophages fail to acquire a tissue-healing phenotype, dysregulated signals can be drivers of disease processes, such as sustained, exuberant inflammation-as occurs in arthropathies-and fibrosis. Comprehensive understanding of the roles of specific macrophage populations at different stages of the repair process will support the development of immune-targeted therapies for diseases such as fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Smigiel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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30
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Das A, Datta S, Roche E, Chaffee S, Jose E, Shi L, Grover K, Khanna S, Sen CK, Roy S. Novel mechanisms of Collagenase Santyl Ointment (CSO) in wound macrophage polarization and resolution of wound inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1696. [PMID: 29374192 PMCID: PMC5786052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagenases are useful in enzymatic wound debridement. Clostridial collagenase, marketed as Collagenase Santyl Ointment (CSO), is FDA approved for such use. Building on the scientific premise that collagenases as well as collagen degradation products may regulate immune cell function, we sought to investigate the potential role of CSO in wound inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that in addition to enacting debridement, CSO contributes to the resolution of persistent wound inflammation. Wound macrophages were isolated from PVA sponges loaded with CSO or petrolatum and implanted in mice. Significant increase in pro-reparative and decrease in pro-inflammatory polarization was noted in macrophages of acute as well as diabetic wounds. Wound macrophages from CSO-treated group displayed increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. The active ingredient of CSO, CS-API, induced the expression of mϕheal /M(IL-4) polarization markers ex vivo. CS-API treatment attenuated transactivation of NF-κB and significantly induced STAT6 phosphorylation. A significant role of a novel PGE2-EP4 pathway in CS-API induced STAT6 activation and the mϕheal /M(IL-4) polarization was identified. Taken together, findings of this work reposition CSO as a potential agent that may be effective in resolving wound inflammation, including diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Soma Datta
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric Roche
- Research & Development, Smith & Nephew, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Chaffee
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jose
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Research & Development, Smith & Nephew, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Komel Grover
- Research & Development, Smith & Nephew, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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31
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Costa Franco MM, Marim F, Guimarães ES, Assis NRG, Cerqueira DM, Alves-Silva J, Harms J, Splitter G, Smith J, Kanneganti TD, de Queiroz NMGP, Gutman D, Barber GN, Oliveira SC. Brucella abortus Triggers a cGAS-Independent STING Pathway To Induce Host Protection That Involves Guanylate-Binding Proteins and Inflammasome Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:607-622. [PMID: 29203515 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunity against microbes depends on recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by innate receptors. Signaling pathways triggered by Brucella abortus DNA involves TLR9, AIM2, and stimulator of IFN genes (STING). In this study, we observed by microarray analysis that several type I IFN-associated genes, such as IFN-β and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), are downregulated in STING knockout (KO) macrophages infected with Brucella or transfected with DNA. Additionally, we determined that STING and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) are important to engage the type I IFN pathway, but only STING is required to induce IL-1β secretion, caspase-1 activation, and GBP2 and GBP3 expression. Furthermore, we determined that STING but not cGAS is critical for host protection against Brucella infection in macrophages and in vivo. This study provides evidence of a cGAS-independent mechanism of STING-mediated protection against an intracellular bacterial infection. Additionally, infected IFN regulatory factor-1 and IFNAR KO macrophages had reduced GBP2 and GBP3 expression and these cells were more permissive to Brucella replication compared with wild-type control macrophages. Because GBPs are critical to target vacuolar bacteria, we determined whether GBP2 and GBPchr3 affect Brucella control in vivo. GBPchr3 but not GBP2 KO mice were more susceptible to bacterial infection, and small interfering RNA treated-macrophages showed reduction in IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation. Finally, we also demonstrated that Brucella DNA colocalizes with AIM2, and AIM2 KO mice are less resistant to B. abortus infection. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the STING-dependent type I IFN pathway is critical for the GBP-mediated release of Brucella DNA into the cytosol and subsequent activation of AIM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Costa Franco
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marim
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erika S Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natan R G Assis
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daiane M Cerqueira
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jerome Harms
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Gary Splitter
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Judith Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792
| | | | | | - Delia Gutman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Glen N Barber
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil; .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, 40110-160 Bahia, Brazil
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32
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Cloots RHE, Sankaranarayanan S, Poynter ME, Terwindt E, van Dijk P, Lamers WH, Eleonore Köhler S. Arginase 1 deletion in myeloid cells affects the inflammatory response in allergic asthma, but not lung mechanics, in female mice. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:158. [PMID: 29183288 PMCID: PMC5706166 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (Over-)expression of arginase may limit local availability of arginine for nitric oxide synthesis. We investigated the significance of arginase1 (ARG1) for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung inflammation in female mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. METHODS Arg1 was ablated in the lung by crossing Arg1 fl/fl and Tie2Cre tg/- mice. OVA sensitization and challenge were conducted, and AHR to methacholine was determined using the Flexivent system. Changes in gene expression, chemokine and cytokine secretion, plasma IgE, and lung histology were quantified using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Arg1 ablation had no influence on the development of OVA-induced AHR, but attenuated OVA-induced increases in expression of Arg2 and Nos2, Slc7a1, Slc7a2, and Slc7a7 (arginine transporters), Il4, Il5 and Il13 (TH2-type cytokines), Ccl2 and Ccl11 (chemokines), Ifng (TH1-type cytokine), Clca3 and Muc5ac (goblet cell markers), and OVA-specific IgE. Pulmonary IL-10 protein content increased, but IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNFα and IFNγ content, and lung histopathology, were not affected. Arg1 elimination also decreased number and tightness of correlations between adaptive changes in lung function and inflammatory parameters in OVA/OVA-treated female mice. OVA/OVA-treated female mice mounted a higher OVA-IgE response than males, but the correlation between lung function and inflammation was lower. Arg1-deficient OVA/OVA-treated females differed from males in a more pronounced decline of arginine-metabolizing and -transporting genes, higher plasma arginine levels, a smaller OVA-specific IgE response, and no improvement of peripheral lung function. CONCLUSION Complete ablation of Arg1 in the lung affects mRNA abundance of arginine-transporting and -metabolizing genes, and pro-inflammatory genes, but not methacholine responsiveness or accumulation of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy H. E. Cloots
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Selvakumari Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Els Terwindt
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van Dijk
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Eleonore Köhler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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33
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses - including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages - also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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Pelgrom LR, Everts B. Metabolic control of type 2 immunity. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1266-1275. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard R. Pelgrom
- Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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35
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Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Tauber J, Li M, Zhang H, Flockton AR, Pullamsetti SS, Chelladurai P, D'Alessandro A, El Kasmi KC, Ježek P, Stenmark KR. Constitutive Reprogramming of Fibroblast Mitochondrial Metabolism in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:47-57. [PMID: 26699943 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0142oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of the distal pulmonary artery wall is a characteristic feature of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In hypoxic PH, the most substantial pathologic changes occur in the adventitia. Here, there is marked fibroblast proliferation and profound macrophage accumulation. These PH fibroblasts (PH-Fibs) maintain a hyperproliferative, apoptotic-resistant, and proinflammatory phenotype in ex vivo culture. Considering that a similar phenotype is observed in cancer cells, where it has been associated, at least in part, with specific alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, we sought to define the state of mitochondrial metabolism in PH-Fibs. In PH-Fibs, pyruvate dehydrogenase was markedly inhibited, resulting in metabolism of pyruvate to lactate, thus consistent with a Warburg-like phenotype. In addition, mitochondrial bioenergetics were suppressed and mitochondrial fragmentation was increased in PH-Fibs. Most importantly, complex I activity was substantially decreased, which was associated with down-regulation of the accessory subunit nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 4 (NDUFS4). Owing to less-efficient ATP synthesis, mitochondria were hyperpolarized and mitochondrial superoxide production was increased. This pro-oxidative status was further augmented by simultaneous induction of cytosolic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidase 4. Although acute and chronic exposure to hypoxia of adventitial fibroblasts from healthy control vessels induced increased glycolysis, it did not induce complex I deficiency as observed in PH-Fibs. This suggests that hypoxia alone is insufficient to induce NDUFS4 down-regulation and constitutive abnormalities in complex I. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that, in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling in PH, alterations in fibroblast mitochondrial metabolism drive distinct changes in cellular behavior, which potentially occur independently of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- 1 Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tauber
- 1 Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Min Li
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Hui Zhang
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical, University, Shenyang, China
| | - Amanda R Flockton
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- 4 Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and
| | - Prakash Chelladurai
- 4 Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and
| | | | - Karim C El Kasmi
- 6 Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Petr Ježek
- 1 Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
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36
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Smigiel KS, Parks WC. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Leukocyte Activation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:167-195. [PMID: 28413028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As their name implies, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to degrade extracellular matrix proteins, a function that is indeed performed by some members. However, regardless of their cell source, matrix degradation is not the only function of these enzymes. Rather, individual MMPs have been shown to regulate specific immune processes, such as leukocyte influx and migration, antimicrobial activity, macrophage activation, and restoration of barrier function, typically by processing a range of nonmatrix protein substrates. Indeed, MMP expression is low under steady-state conditions but is markedly induced during inflammatory processes including infection, wound healing, and cancer. Increasing research is showing that MMPs are not just a downstream consequence of a generalized inflammatory process, but rather are critical factors in the overall regulation of the pattern, type, and duration of immune responses. This chapter outlines the role of leukocytes in tissue remodeling and describes recent progress in our understanding of how MMPs alter leukocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Smigiel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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37
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Rodriguez PC, Ochoa AC, Al-Khami AA. Arginine Metabolism in Myeloid Cells Shapes Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:93. [PMID: 28223985 PMCID: PMC5293781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine metabolism has been a key catabolic and anabolic process throughout the evolution of the immune response. Accruing evidence indicates that arginine-catabolizing enzymes, mainly nitric oxide synthases and arginases, are closely integrated with the control of immune response under physiological and pathological conditions. Myeloid cells are major players that exploit the regulators of arginine metabolism to mediate diverse, although often opposing, immunological and functional consequences. In this article, we focus on the importance of arginine catabolism by myeloid cells in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Revisiting this matter could result in novel therapeutic approaches by which the immunoregulatory nodes instructed by arginine metabolism can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Augusto C Ochoa
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amir A Al-Khami
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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38
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Wight TN, Frevert CW, Debley JS, Reeves SR, Parks WC, Ziegler SF. Interplay of extracellular matrix and leukocytes in lung inflammation. Cell Immunol 2017; 312:1-14. [PMID: 28077237 PMCID: PMC5290208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, leukocytes influx into lung compartments and interact with extracellular matrix (ECM). Two ECM components, versican and hyaluronan, increase in a range of lung diseases. The interaction of leukocytes with these ECM components controls leukocyte retention and accumulation, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and activation as part of the inflammatory phase of lung disease. In addition, bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children co-cultured with human lung fibroblasts generate an ECM that is adherent for monocytes/macrophages. Macrophages are present in both early and late lung inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) is induced in alveolar macrophages with injury and infection and modulates macrophage phenotype and their ability to degrade collagenous ECM components. Collectively, studies outlined in this review highlight the importance of specific ECM components in the regulation of inflammatory events in lung disease. The widespread involvement of these ECM components in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation make them attractive candidates for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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39
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Van de Velde LA, Subramanian C, Smith AM, Barron L, Qualls JE, Neale G, Alfonso-Pecchio A, Jackowski S, Rock CO, Wynn TA, Murray PJ. T Cells Encountering Myeloid Cells Programmed for Amino Acid-dependent Immunosuppression Use Rictor/mTORC2 Protein for Proliferative Checkpoint Decisions. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:15-30. [PMID: 27903651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.766238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of T cell proliferation and function by immunoregulatory myeloid cells are an essential means of preventing self-reactivity and restoring tissue homeostasis. Consumption of amino acids such as arginine and tryptophan by immunoregulatory macrophages is one pathway that suppresses local T cell proliferation. Using a reduced complexity in vitro macrophage-T cell co-culture system, we show that macrophage arginase-1 is the only factor required by M2 macrophages to block T cells in G1, and this effect is mediated by l-arginine elimination rather than metabolite generation. Tracking how T cells adjust their metabolism when deprived of arginine revealed the significance of macrophage-mediated arginine deprivation to T cells. We found mTORC1 activity was unaffected in the initial G1 block. After 2 days of arginine deprivation, mTORC1 activity declined paralleling a selective down-regulation of SREBP target gene expression, whereas mRNAs involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and T cell activation were unaffected. Cell cycle arrest was reversible at any point by exogenous arginine, suggesting starved T cells remain poised awaiting nutrients. Arginine deprivation-induced cell cycle arrest was mediated in part by Rictor/mTORC2, providing evidence that this nutrient recognition pathway is a central component of how T cells measure environmental arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amber M Smith
- From the Departments of Infectious Diseases.,Immunology, and
| | - Luke Barron
- the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- From the Departments of Infectious Diseases.,Immunology, and
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 and
| | | | | | | | - Thomas A Wynn
- the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Peter J Murray
- From the Departments of Infectious Diseases, .,Immunology, and
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40
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Kolahian S, Fernandez IE, Eickelberg O, Hartl D. Immune Mechanisms in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:309-22. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0121tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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41
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Srivastava S, Ghosh SK. Modulation of L-Arginine-Arginase Metabolic Pathway Enzymes: Immunocytochemistry and mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood and Tissue Levels in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in North East India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7031-8. [PMID: 26514486 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine may play important roles in tumor progression by providing ornithine for polyamine biosynthesis, required for cell growth. The aim of this work was to determine the expression of arginine metabolic pathway enzymes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in northeast India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expressions of arginase isoforms (ARG1 and ARG2), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were examined in fifty paired HNSCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. Immunocytochemistry, semiquantitative reverse transcription sq-PCR and quantitative real-time qPCR were used to assess protein and mRNA expressions in peripheral blood of fifty HNSCC patients and hundred controls. RESULTS ARG1 and ODC protein and mRNA were strongly expressed in peripheral blood from HNSCC patients. No ARG2 expression was observed. In vivo, expression of ARG1, ARG2 and ODC was significantly higher in tumor than in non-tumor tissues. Most tumors expressed low levels of OAT, with no difference in tissues or blood, compared to controls. The absolute extent of maximal ARG1 upregulation with qPCR showed 6.23 fold increase in HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly suggest that in HNSCCs, the ARG1 pathway is stimulated leading to the formation of polyamines as indicated by higher ODC expression, which promote tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpee Srivastava
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India E-mail :
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42
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Kaneda MM, Cappello P, Nguyen AV, Ralainirina N, Hardamon CR, Foubert P, Schmid MC, Sun P, Mose E, Bouvet M, Lowy AM, Valasek MA, Sasik R, Novelli F, Hirsch E, Varner JA. Macrophage PI3Kγ Drives Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:870-85. [PMID: 27179037 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with a low 5-year survival rate, yet new immunotherapeutic modalities may offer hope for this and other intractable cancers. Here, we report that inhibitory targeting of PI3Kγ, a key macrophage lipid kinase, stimulates antitumor immune responses, leading to improved survival and responsiveness to standard-of-care chemotherapy in animal models of PDAC. PI3Kγ selectively drives immunosuppressive transcriptional programming in macrophages that inhibits adaptive immune responses and promotes tumor cell invasion and desmoplasia in PDAC. Blockade of PI3Kγ in PDAC-bearing mice reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to stimulate CD8(+) T-cell-mediated tumor suppression and to inhibit tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and desmoplasia. These data indicate the central role that macrophage PI3Kγ plays in PDAC progression and demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kγ represents a new therapeutic modality for this devastating tumor type. SIGNIFICANCE We report here that PI3Kγ regulates macrophage transcriptional programming, leading to T-cell suppression, desmoplasia, and metastasis in pancreas adenocarcinoma. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kγ restores antitumor immune responses and improves responsiveness to standard-of-care chemotherapy. PI3Kγ represents a new therapeutic immune target for pancreas cancer. Cancer Discov; 6(8); 870-85. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Kaneda
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Abraham V Nguyen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Natacha Ralainirina
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Chanae R Hardamon
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Philippe Foubert
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ping Sun
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Evangeline Mose
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark A Valasek
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy.
| | - Judith A Varner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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43
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Arginase 1 is an innate lymphoid-cell-intrinsic metabolic checkpoint controlling type 2 inflammation. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:656-65. [PMID: 27043409 PMCID: PMC4873382 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate tissue inflammation and repair following activation by cell-extrinsic factors including host-derived cytokines. However, the cell-intrinsic metabolic pathways that control ILC2 function are undefined. Here we demonstrate that expression of the enzyme Arginase 1 (Arg1) is a conserved trait of murine and human ILC2s during acute or chronic lung inflammation. Deletion of murine ILC-intrinsic Arg1 abrogated type 2 lung inflammation by restraining ILC2 proliferation and dampening cytokine production. Mechanistically, inhibition of Arg1 enzymatic activity disrupted multiple components of ILC2 metabolic programming by altering arginine catabolism, impairing polyamine biosynthesis and reducing aerobic glycolysis. These data identify Arg1 as a key regulator of ILC2 bioenergetics, controlling proliferative capacity and pro-inflammatory functions that promote type 2 inflammation.
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44
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Murray PJ. Amino acid auxotrophy as a system of immunological control nodes. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:132-9. [PMID: 26784254 PMCID: PMC4893777 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the immune system are auxotrophs for most amino acids, including several nonessential ones. Arginine and tryptophan are used within the regulatory immune networks to control proliferation and function through pathways that actively deplete the amino acid from the microenvironment or that create regulatory molecules such as nitric oxide or kynurenines. How immune cells integrate information about essential amino acid supplies and then transfer these signals to growth and activation pathways remains unclear but has potential for pathway discovery about amino sensing. In applied research, strategies to harness amino acid auxotrophy so as to block cancerous lymphocyte growth have been attempted for decades with limited success. Emerging insights about amino acid metabolism may lead to new strategies in clinical medicine whereby both amino acid auxotrophy and the immunoregulatory pathways controlled by amino acids can be manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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45
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Abstract
Cells of the immune system are auxotrophs for most amino acids, including several nonessential ones. Arginine and tryptophan are used within the regulatory immune networks to control proliferation and function through pathways that actively deplete the amino acid from the microenvironment or that create regulatory molecules such as nitric oxide or kynurenines. How immune cells integrate information about essential amino acid supplies and then transfer these signals to growth and activation pathways remains unclear but has potential for pathway discovery about amino sensing. In applied research, strategies to harness amino acid auxotrophy so as to block cancerous lymphocyte growth have been attempted for decades with limited success. Emerging insights about amino acid metabolism may lead to new strategies in clinical medicine whereby both amino acid auxotrophy and the immunoregulatory pathways controlled by amino acids can be manipulated.
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46
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Zhang N, Deng J, Wu F, Lu X, Huang L, Zhao M. Expression of arginase I and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes of HIV‑positive patients. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:731-43. [PMID: 26647762 PMCID: PMC4686052 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase I (Arg I) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are important in regulating immune functions through their metabolites. Previous studies have revealed that the expression of Arg I is increased and the expression of iNOS is reduced in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. As one of the most important immune organs and HIV replication sites, whether similar changes are present in the lymph nodes following HIV infection remains to be elucidated. To investigate this, the present study collected lymph node and blood specimens from 52 HIV-infected patients to measure the expression levels of Arg I and iNOS by immunohistochemistry and fluoresence-based flow cytometry. Compared with control subjects without HIV infection, the patients with HIV had significantly higher expression levels of Arg I in the lymph nodes and higher frequencies of Arg I+ CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the blood and lymph nodes, and these results were contrary the those of iNOS in the corresponding compartments. The expression levels of Arg I in the lymph nodes and blood were negatively associated with peripheral CD4+ T cell count and positively associated with viral load. However, the expression levels of iNOS in the lymph nodes and blood were positively associated with peripheral CD4+ T cell count and negatively associated with viral load. These results showed that alterations in the expression levels of Arg I and iNOS in the peripheral T cells and peripheral nodes of HIV infected patients are associated with disease progression in these patients. These results indicate a potential to therapeutic strategy for delaying disease progression through regulating and manipulating the expression levels of Arg I and iNOS in patients infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naichun Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Deng
- AIDS Department, The 4th People's Hospital of Nanning/Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Fengyao Wu
- AIDS Department, The 4th People's Hospital of Nanning/Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchan Lu
- AIDS Department, The 4th People's Hospital of Nanning/Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
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47
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Monin L, Griffiths KL, Lam WY, Gopal R, Kang DD, Ahmed M, Rajamanickam A, Cruz-Lagunas A, Zúñiga J, Babu S, Kolls JK, Mitreva M, Rosa BA, Ramos-Payan R, Morrison TE, Murray PJ, Rangel-Moreno J, Pearce EJ, Khader SA. Helminth-induced arginase-1 exacerbates lung inflammation and disease severity in tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4699-713. [PMID: 26571397 DOI: 10.1172/jci77378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminth worms, such as Schistosoma mansoni, are endemic in regions with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) among the population. Human studies suggest that helminth coinfections contribute to increased TB susceptibility and increased rates of TB reactivation. Prevailing models suggest that T helper type 2 (Th2) responses induced by helminth infection impair Th1 immune responses and thereby limit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) control. Using a pulmonary mouse model of Mtb infection, we demonstrated that S. mansoni coinfection or immunization with S. mansoni egg antigens can reversibly impair Mtb-specific T cell responses without affecting macrophage-mediated Mtb control. Instead, S. mansoni infection resulted in accumulation of high arginase-1-expressing macrophages in the lung, which formed type 2 granulomas and exacerbated inflammation in Mtb-infected mice. Treatment of coinfected animals with an antihelminthic improved Mtb-specific Th1 responses and reduced disease severity. In a genetically diverse mouse population infected with Mtb, enhanced arginase-1 activity was associated with increased lung inflammation. Moreover, in patients with pulmonary TB, lung damage correlated with increased serum activity of arginase-1, which was elevated in TB patients coinfected with helminths. Together, our data indicate that helminth coinfection induces arginase-1-expressing type 2 granulomas, thereby increasing inflammation and TB disease severity. These results also provide insight into the mechanisms by which helminth coinfections drive increased susceptibility, disease progression, and severity in TB.
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48
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Amantea D, Certo M, Petrelli F, Tassorelli C, Micieli G, Corasaniti MT, Puccetti P, Fallarino F, Bagetta G. Azithromycin protects mice against ischemic stroke injury by promoting macrophage transition towards M2 phenotype. Exp Neurol 2015; 275 Pt 1:116-25. [PMID: 26518285 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To develop novel and effective treatments for ischemic stroke, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin in a mouse model system of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Intraperitoneal administration of azithromycin significantly reduced blood-brain barrier damage and cerebral infiltration of myeloid cells, including neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages. These effects resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of cerebral ischemic damage, and in a remarkable amelioration of neurological deficits up to 7 days after the insult. Neuroprotection was associated with increased arginase activity in peritoneal exudate cells, which was followed by the detection of Ym1- and arginase I-immunopositive M2 macrophages in the ischemic area at 24-48 h of reperfusion. Pharmacological inhibition of peritoneal arginase activity counteracted azithromycin-induced neuroprotection, pointing to a major role for drug-induced polarization of migratory macrophages towards a protective, non-inflammatory M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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49
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Wimmer M, Alessandrini F, Gilles S, Frank U, Oeder S, Hauser M, Ring J, Ferreira F, Ernst D, Winkler JB, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Ohnmacht C, Behrendt H, Schmidt-Weber C, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Gutermuth J. Pollen-derived adenosine is a necessary cofactor for ragweed allergy. Allergy 2015; 70:944-54. [PMID: 25939785 DOI: 10.1111/all.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is a strong elicitor of allergic airway inflammation with worldwide increasing prevalence. Various components of ragweed pollen are thought to play a role in the development of allergic responses. The aim of this study was to identify critical factors for allergenicity of ragweed pollen in a physiological model of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Aqueous ragweed pollen extract, the low molecular weight fraction or the major allergen Amb a 1 was instilled intranasally on 1-11 consecutive days, and allergic airway inflammation was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage, lung histology, serology, gene expression in lung tissue, and measurement of lung function. Pollen-derived adenosine was removed from the extract enzymatically to analyze its role in ragweed-induced allergy. Migration of human neutrophils and eosinophils toward supernatants of ragweed-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells was analyzed. RESULTS Instillation of ragweed pollen extract, but not of the major allergen or the low molecular weight fraction, induced specific IgG1 , pulmonary infiltration with inflammatory cells, a Th2-associated cytokine signature in pulmonary tissue, and impaired lung function. Adenosine aggravated ragweed-induced allergic lung inflammation. In vitro, human neutrophils and eosinophils migrated toward supernatants of bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with ragweed extract only if adenosine was present. CONCLUSIONS Pollen-derived adenosine is a critical factor in ragweed-pollen-induced allergic airway inflammation. Future studies aim at therapeutic strategies to control these allergen-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wimmer
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; UNIKA-T; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM); Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
| | - F. Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM); Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Gilles
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; UNIKA-T; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
| | - U. Frank
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
| | - S. Oeder
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM); Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Hauser
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy; Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
| | - J. Ring
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; TU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - F. Ferreira
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy; Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
| | - D. Ernst
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
| | - J. B. Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
| | - P. Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Analytical Food Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - C. Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM); Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - H. Behrendt
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM); Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
| | - C. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM); Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - C. Traidl-Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; UNIKA-T; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; TU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - J. Gutermuth
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM); Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; TU Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Dermatology; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussel Belgium
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50
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Luzina IG, Todd NW, Sundararajan S, Atamas SP. The cytokines of pulmonary fibrosis: Much learned, much more to learn. Cytokine 2015; 74:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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