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Machado SDCS, Veloso JS, Câmara MPS, Vieira WAS, Jumbo LOV, Aguiar RWS, Cangussu ASR, Giongo MV, Moraes CB, Campos FS, Araújo SHC, Oliveira EE, dos Santos GR. Diversity, Prevalence and Virulence of Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose on Cassava Leaves in the Northern Region of Brazil. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:367. [PMID: 38921354 PMCID: PMC11205099 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple crop widely cultivated by small farmers in tropical countries. However, despite the low level of technology required for its management, it can be affected by several diseases, with anthracnose as the main threat. There is little information about the main species of Colletotrichum that infect cassava in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the diversity, prevalence and virulence of Colletotrichum species that cause anthracnose in cassava leaves in northern Brazil. Twenty municipalities of the Pará and Tocantins states were selected, and leaves with symptoms were collected in those locations. Pure cultures were isolated in the laboratory. Species were identified using phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci, and their pathogenicity, aggressivity and virulence levels were assessed. Our results showed the greatest diversity of Colletotrichum associated with anthracnose in cassava plants of the "Formosa" cultivar in the Tocantins and Pará states. We determined the presence of Colletotrichum chrysophilum, C. truncatum, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. plurivorum, C. musicola and C. karsti, with C. chrysophilum as the most aggressive and virulent. Our findings provide accurate identifications of species of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose in cassava crops, which are of great relevance for cassava breeding programs (e.g., the search for genotypes with polygenic resistance since the pathogen is so diverse) and for developing anthracnose management strategies that can work efficiently against species complexes of Colletotrichum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella de C. S. Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil;
| | - Josiene S. Veloso
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (J.S.V.); (M.P.S.C.)
| | - Marcos P. S. Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (J.S.V.); (M.P.S.C.)
| | - Willie A. S. Vieira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Luis O. Viteri Jumbo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (L.O.V.J.); (M.V.G.); (C.B.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Raimundo Wagner S. Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Alex Sander R. Cangussu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Marcos V. Giongo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (L.O.V.J.); (M.V.G.); (C.B.M.)
| | - Cristiano B. Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (L.O.V.J.); (M.V.G.); (C.B.M.)
| | - Fabricio S. Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Sabrina H. C. Araújo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (S.H.C.A.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Eugênio E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (S.H.C.A.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Gil R. dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (L.O.V.J.); (M.V.G.); (C.B.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
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Thao LD, Choi H, Choi Y, Mageswari A, Lee D, Kim DH, Shin HD, Choi H, Ju HJ, Hong SB. Re-identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Species Complex Isolates in Korea and Their Host Plants. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:16-29. [PMID: 38326955 PMCID: PMC10850535 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2023.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex includes many phytopathogenic species, causing anthracnose disease on a wide range of host plants and appearing to be globally distributed. Seventy-one Colletotrichum isolates in the complex from different plants and geographic regions in Korea were preserved in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). Most of them had been identified based on hosts and morphological features, this could lead to inaccurate species names. Therefore, the KACC isolates were re-identified using DNA sequence analyses of six loci, comprising internal transcribed spacer, gapdh, chs-1, his3, act, and tub2 in this study. Based on the combined phylogenetic analysis, KACC strains were assigned to 12 known species and three new species candidates. The detected species are C. siamense (n = 20), C. fructicola (n = 19), C. gloeosporioides (n = 9), C. aenigma (n = 5), C. camelliae (n = 3), C. temperatum (n = 3), C. musae (n = 2), C. theobromicola (n = 2), C. viniferum (n = 2), C. alatae (n = 1), C. jiangxiense (n = 1), and C. yulongense (n = 1). Of these, C. jiangxiense, C. temperatum, C. theobromicola and C. yulongense are unrecorded species in Korea. Host plant comparisons showed that 27 fungus-host associations are newly reported in the country. However, plant-fungus interactions need to be investigated by pathogenicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Dinh Thao
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Plant Pathology and Phyto-immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute, Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Ha Noi 143315, Vietnam
| | - Hyorim Choi
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Yunhee Choi
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Anbazhagan Mageswari
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Daseul Lee
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Dong Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyowon Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ho-Jong Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Duarte IG, Amaral AGG, Vieira WADS, Veloso JS, Silva ACD, Silva CDFBD, Balbino VDQ, Castlebury LA, Câmara MPS. Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with torch ginger anthracnose. Mycologia 2023; 115:661-673. [PMID: 37494636 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2227747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the most important diseases of torch ginger. The disease leads to loss of aesthetic and commercial value of torch ginger stems. This study aimed to characterize Colletotrichum species associated with torch ginger anthracnose in the production areas of Pernambuco and Ceará. A total of 48 Colletotrichum isolates were identified using molecular techniques. Pathogenicity tests were performed on torch ginger with representative isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on seven loci-DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus MAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), calmodulin (CAL), intergenic spacer between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS), glutamine synthetase (GS), and β-tubulin (TUB2)-revealed that they belong to five known Colletotrichum species, namely, C. chrysophilum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. tropicale, and three newly discovered species, described here as C. atlanticum, C. floscerae, and C. zingibericola. Of these, C. atlanticum was the most dominant. Pathogenicity assays showed that all isolates were pathogenic to torch ginger bracts. All species are reported for the first time associated with torch ginger in Brazil. The present study contributes to the current understanding of the diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on torch ginger and demonstrates the importance of accurate species identification for effective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomes Duarte
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josiene Silva Veloso
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Anthony Carlos da Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lisa A Castlebury
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
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Dofuor AK, Quartey NKA, Osabutey AF, Antwi-Agyakwa AK, Asante K, Boateng BO, Ablormeti FK, Lutuf H, Osei-Owusu J, Osei JHN, Ekloh W, Loh SK, Honger JO, Aidoo OF, Ninsin KD. Mango anthracnose disease: the current situation and direction for future research. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1168203. [PMID: 37692388 PMCID: PMC10484599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mango anthracnose disease (MAD) is a destructive disease of mangoes, with estimated yield losses of up to 100% in unmanaged plantations. Several strains that constitute Colletotrichum complexes are implicated in MAD worldwide. All mangoes grown for commercial purposes are susceptible, and a resistant cultivar for all strains is not presently available on the market. The infection can widely spread before being detected since the disease is invincible until after a protracted latent period. The detection of multiple strains of the pathogen in Mexico, Brazil, and China has prompted a significant increase in research on the disease. Synthetic pesticide application is the primary management technique used to manage the disease. However, newly observed declines in anthracnose susceptibility to many fungicides highlight the need for more environmentally friendly approaches. Recent progress in understanding the host range, molecular and phenotypic characterization, and susceptibility of the disease in several mango cultivars is discussed in this review. It provides updates on the mode of transmission, infection biology and contemporary management strategies. We suggest an integrated and ecologically sound approach to managing MAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboagye Kwarteng Dofuor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Naa Kwarley-Aba Quartey
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kwasi Asante
- Coconut Research Program, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Belinda Obenewa Boateng
- Coconut Research Program, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Fred Kormla Ablormeti
- Coconut Research Program, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Hanif Lutuf
- Crop Protection Division, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kade, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - William Ekloh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Seyram Kofi Loh
- Department of Built Environment, School of Sustainable Development, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Joseph Okani Honger
- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Owusu Fordjour Aidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Kodwo Dadzie Ninsin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
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Khodadadi F, Giroux E, Bilodeau GJ, Jurick WM, Aćimović SG. Genomic Resources of Four Colletotrichum Species ( C. fioriniae, C. chrysophilum, C. noveboracense, and C. nupharicola) Threatening Commercial Apple Production in the Eastern United States. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:529-532. [PMID: 36880829 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0204-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum includes nine major clades with 252 species and 15 major phylogenetic lineages, also known as species complexes. Colletotrichum spp. are one of the top fungal plant pathogens causing anthracnose and pre- and postharvest fruit rots worldwide. Apple orchards are imperiled by devastating losses from apple bitter rot, ranging from 24 to 98%, which is a serious disease caused by several Colletotrichum species. Bitter rot is also a major postharvest rot disease, with C. fioriniae causing from 2 to 14% of unmarketable fruit in commercial apple storages. Dominant species causing apple bitter rot in the Mid-Atlantic United States are C. fioriniae from the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and C. chrysophilum and C. noveboracense from the C. gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC). C. fioriniae is the dominant species causing apple bitter rot in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states. C. chrysophilum was first identified on banana and cashew but has been recently found as the second most dominant species causing apple bitter rot in the Mid-Atlantic. As the third most dominant pathogen, C. noveboracense MB 836581 was identified as a novel species in the CGSC, causing apple bitter rot in the Mid-Atlantic. C. nupharicola is a sister group to C. fructicola and C. noveboracense, also causing bitter rot on apple. We deliver the resources of 10 new genomes, including two isolates of C. fioriniae, three isolates of C. chrysophilum, three isolates of C. noveboracense, and two isolates of C. nupharicola collected from apple fruit, yellow waterlily, and Juglans nigra. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khodadadi
- University of California Riverside, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Winchester, VA 22602, U.S.A
| | - Emily Giroux
- Pathogen Identification Research Laboratory, Ottawa Plant Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario K2J 4S1, Canada
| | - Guillaume J Bilodeau
- Pathogen Identification Research Laboratory, Ottawa Plant Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario K2J 4S1, Canada
| | - Wayne M Jurick
- Food Quality Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Srđan G Aćimović
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Winchester, VA 22602, U.S.A
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Sinkevičienė J, Sinkevičiūtė A, Česonienė L, Daubaras R. Fungi Present in the Clones and Cultivars of European Cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccos) Grown in Lithuania. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2360. [PMID: 37375985 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are associated with the European cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) and play important roles in plant growth and disease control, especially in cranberry yields. This article presents the results of a study which was aimed to investigate the diversity of fungi found on different clones and cultivars of the European cranberry grown in Lithuania, causing twigs, leaf diseases and fruit rots. In this study seventeen clones and five cultivars of V. oxycoccos were selected for investigation. Fungi were isolated via the incubation of twigs, leaves and fruit on a PDA medium and identified according to their cultural and morphological characteristics. Microscopic fungi belonging to 14 genera were isolated from cranberry leaves and twigs, with Physalospora vaccinii, Fusarium spp., Mycosphaerella nigromaculans and Monilinia oxycocci being the most frequently isolated fungi. 'Vaiva' and 'Žuvinta' cultivars were the most susceptible to pathogenic fungi during the growing season. Among the clones, 95-A-07 was the most susceptible to Phys. vaccinii, 95-A-08 to M. nigromaculans, 99-Ž-05 to Fusarium spp. and 95-A-03 to M. oxycocci. Microscopic fungi belonging to 12 genera were isolated from cranberry berries. The most prevalent pathogenic fungi M. oxycocci were isolated from the berries of the cultivars 'Vaiva' and 'Žuvinta' and clones 95-A-03 and 96-K-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sinkevičienė
- Department of Agroecosystems and Soil Sciences, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio Str. 58, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University, Z.E. Žiliberio 6, LT-46324 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Sinkevičiūtė
- Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J.Lukšos-Daumanto 2, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laima Česonienė
- Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University, Z.E. Žiliberio 6, LT-46324 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Remigijus Daubaras
- Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University, Z.E. Žiliberio 6, LT-46324 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Huang R, Gui Q, Zhang Y, Sun W, Tang L, Huang S, Guo T, Li Q, Mo J, Huang H, Fan M, Zhang Z, Hsiang T. Identification and Observation of Infection Processes of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Pearl Plum Anthracnose in Guangxi, China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3154-3165. [PMID: 35549326 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0765-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pearl plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is mainly cultivated in Tian'e County in Guangxi Province, southern China. Anthracnose is a devastating disease on pearl plum, causing extensive leaf blight. Diseased leaves were sampled from 21 orchards in Tian'e County. Isolates were first screened for ones resembling Colletotrichum, and 21 representative isolates were selected for sequencing of portions of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the intergenic region of apn2 and MAT1-2-1 genes (ApMAT), actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), calmodulin (CAL), chitin synthase (CHS-1), and β-tubulin 2 (TUB2). Based on colony, conidial, and appressorial morphology and sequence analyses, the Colletotrichum isolates associated with pearl plum anthracnose were identified as four species: Colletotrichum fructicola (16 isolates), C. gloeosporioides (3 isolates), C. cigarro (1 isolate), and C. siamense (1 isolate). The results of pathogenicity tests showed that isolates of all four species were pathogenic to wounded leaves of pearl plum seedlings. In this study, we microscopically observed the infection processes of isolates of these four species on attached pearl plum leaves. For C. cigarro and C. siamense, the entire infection processes took 120 h; for C. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides, it only took 72 h. This is the first report of C. fructicola and C. cigarro causing anthracnose on pearl plum worldwide, and also the first report of C. siamense causing anthracnose on pearl plum in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Qing Gui
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Suiping Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Tangxun Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Qili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Jianyou Mo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Huiye Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Mingzhong Fan
- Science and Technology Bureau of Tian'e County, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongbin Zhang
- Science and Technology Bureau of Tian'e County, Guangxi, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Morphological, Pathological and Genetic Diversity of the Colletotrichum Species, Pathogenic on Solanaceous Vegetable Crops in Bulgaria. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111123. [PMID: 36354890 PMCID: PMC9693589 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are among the most devastating plant pathogens in a wide range of hosts. Their accurate identification requires a polyphasic approach, including geographical, ecological, morphological, and genetic data. Solanaceous crops are of significant economic importance for Bulgarian agriculture. Colletotrichum-associated diseases pose a serious threat to the yield and quality of production but are still largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize 26 pathogenic Colletotrichum isolates that threaten solanaceous crops based on morphological, pathogenic, and molecular data. DNA barcodes enabled the discrimination of three main taxonomic groups: C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, and C. coccodes. Three different species of acutatum complex (C. nymphaeae, C. godetiae, and C. salicis) and C. cigarro of the gloeosporioides complex were associated with fruit anthracnose in peppers and tomatoes. The C. coccodes group was divided in two clades: C. nigrum, isolated predominantly from fruits, and C. coccodes, isolated mainly from roots. Only C. salicis and C. cigarro produced sexual morphs. The species C. godetiae, C. salicis, and C. cigarro have not previously been reported in Bulgaria. Our results enrich the knowledge of the biodiversity and specific features of Colletotrichum species, which are pathogenic to solanaceous hosts, and may serve as a scientific platform for efficient disease control and resistance breeding.
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Cosseboom SD, Hu M. Ontogenic Susceptibility of Grapevine Clusters to Ripe Rot, Caused by the Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides Species Complexes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1956-1964. [PMID: 35316085 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-22-0004-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural infection by Colletotrichum spp. and the subsequent development of ripe rot were observed in susceptible grape (Vitis vinifera) clusters either protected or exposed to environmental conditions and naturally occurring inoculum by the application or removal of paper bags at various phenological stages at two Mid-Atlantic vineyards. During each of the three experimental seasons, most treatments with grape clusters that were exposed between veraison and harvest developed significantly more severe ripe rot than clusters that were exposed during only the early season or protected throughout the entire season. Spore traps were placed in one vineyard over two seasons and were analyzed via quantitative PCR. DNA of the Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides species complexes was detected from the bloom to the harvest stage, with a higher quantity of C. acutatum DNA than C. gloeosporioides DNA. From ripe rot symptomatic clusters, 417 isolates were collected, and a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of 51 representative isolates identified six Colletotrichum spp., with C. fioriniae (C. acutatum complex) being the most frequently isolated. Weather data were also monitored, and ripe rot-conducive conditions were observed at multiple times throughout each season. In summary, only clusters that were exposed to inoculum and environmental conditions in the late season developed severe ripe rot. The data collected in this study suggest that grape clusters have ontogenic susceptibility to ripe rot, becoming more susceptible as they mature, in contrast to the susceptible bloom stage for other fruit rotting diseases of grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Cosseboom
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Mengjun Hu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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10
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Astolfi P, Velho AC, Moreira V, Mondino PE, Alaniz SM, Stadnik MJ. Reclassification of the Main Causal Agent of Glomerella Leaf Spot on Apple into Colletotrichum chrysophilum in Southern Brazil and Uruguay. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1825-1832. [PMID: 35322713 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0527-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is one of the most important diseases of apple, affecting a wide range of economically important cultivars, particularly Golden Delicious and its descendants. Caused mainly by species of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC), C. fructicola has been described as the most prevalent and aggressive species associated with GLS and apple bitter rot (ABR) in Brazil and Uruguay. Recently, new CGSC species, closely related to C. fructicola, have been identified causing ABR. To verify the accuracy of species identification within the CGSC, we aimed to reevaluate the identity of representative GLS-causing isolates from Brazilian and Uruguayan populations, previously identified as C. fructicola. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on APN2, ApMAT, CAL, GAPDH, GS, ITS, and TUB2 allocated these isolates in a monophyletic clade with C. chrysophilum. This species was first described as the causal agent of anthracnose in banana fruits in Brazil, and recent reports indicate its association with ABR in the United States. This is the first report of C. chrysophilum causing GLS disease on apple worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Astolfi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Aline C Velho
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Victoria Moreira
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - Pedro E Mondino
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - Sandra M Alaniz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - Marciel J Stadnik
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, 88034-001, Brazil
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11
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Babb-Biernacki SJ, Esselstyn JA, Doyle VP. Predicting Species Boundaries and Assessing Undescribed Diversity in Pneumocystis, an Obligate Lung Symbiont. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080799. [PMID: 36012788 PMCID: PMC9409666 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Far more biodiversity exists in Fungi than has been described, or could be described in several lifetimes, given current rates of species discovery. Although this problem is widespread taxonomically, our knowledge of animal-associated fungi is especially lacking. Fungi in the genus Pneumocystis are obligate inhabitants of mammal lungs, and they have been detected in a phylogenetically diverse array of species representing many major mammal lineages. The hypothesis that Pneumocystis cospeciate with their mammalian hosts suggests that thousands of Pneumocystis species may exist, potentially equal to the number of mammal species. However, only six species have been described, and the true correspondence of Pneumocystis diversity to host species boundaries is unclear. Here, we use molecular species delimitation to estimate the boundaries of Pneumocystis species sampled from 55 mammal species representing eight orders. Our results suggest that Pneumocystis species often colonize several closely related mammals, especially those in the same genus. Using the newly estimated ratio of fungal to host diversity, we estimate ≈4600 to 6250 Pneumocystis species inhabit the 6495 currently recognized extant mammal species. Additionally, we review the literature and find that only 240 (~3.7%) mammal species have been screened for Pneumocystis, and many detected Pneumocystis lineages are not represented by any genetic data. Although crude, our findings challenge the dominant perspective of strict specificity of Pneumocystis to their mammal hosts and highlight an abundance of undescribed diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser J. Babb-Biernacki
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacob A. Esselstyn
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Vinson P. Doyle
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA;
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12
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Bañares-de-Dios G, Macía MJ, de Carvalho GM, Arellano G, Cayuela L. Soil and Climate Drive Floristic Composition in Tropical Forests: A Literature Review. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.866905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast literature indicates that environment plays a paramount role in determining floristic composition in tropical forests. However, it remains unclear which are the most important environmental factors and their relative effect across different spatial scales, plant life forms or forest types. This study reviews the state of knowledge on the effect of soil and climate on floristic composition in tropical forests. From 137 publications, we collated information regarding: (1) spatial scale, continent, country, life form, and forest type; (2) proportion of variance in floristic composition explained by soil and climatic variables and how it varies across spatial scales; and (3) which soil and climate variables had a significant relationship on community composition for each life form and forest type. Most studies were conducted at landscape spatial scales (67%) and mainly in South America (74%), particularly in Brazil (40%). Studies majorly focused on trees (82%) and on lowland evergreen tropical forests (74%). Both soil and climate variables explained in average the same amount (14% each) of the variation observed in plant species composition, although soils appear to exert a stronger influence at smaller spatial scales while climate effect increases toward larger ones. Temperature, precipitation, seasonality, soil moisture, soil texture, aluminum, and base cations—calcium and magnesium–and their related variables (e.g., cation exchange capacity, or base saturation) were frequently reported as important variables in structuring plant communities. Yet there was variability when comparing different life forms or forest types, which renders clues about certain ecological peculiarities. We recommend the use of standardized protocols for collecting environmental and floristic information in as much as possible, and to fill knowledge gaps in certain geographic regions. These actions will be especially beneficial to share uniform data between researchers, conduct analysis at large spatial scales and get a better understanding of the link between soils and climate gradients and plant strategies, which is key to propose better conservation policies under the light of global change.
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13
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Current Insight into Traditional and Modern Methods in Fungal Diversity Estimates. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030226. [PMID: 35330228 PMCID: PMC8955040 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are an important and diverse component in various ecosystems. The methods to identify different fungi are an important step in any mycological study. Classical methods of fungal identification, which rely mainly on morphological characteristics and modern use of DNA based molecular techniques, have proven to be very helpful to explore their taxonomic identity. In the present compilation, we provide detailed information on estimates of fungi provided by different mycologistsover time. Along with this, a comprehensive analysis of the importance of classical and molecular methods is also presented. In orderto understand the utility of genus and species specific markers in fungal identification, a polyphasic approach to investigate various fungi is also presented in this paper. An account of the study of various fungi based on culture-based and cultureindependent methods is also provided here to understand the development and significance of both approaches. The available information on classical and modern methods compiled in this study revealed that the DNA based molecular studies are still scant, and more studies are required to achieve the accurate estimation of fungi present on earth.
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14
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Colletotrichum species associated with sugarcane red rot in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Conti M, Cinget B, Labbé C, Asselin Y, Bélanger RR. New Insights into the Fungal Diversity of Cranberry Fruit Rot in Québec Farms Through a Large-Scale Molecular Analysis. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:215-222. [PMID: 34515508 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1163-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry fruit rot (CFR) pathogens are widely reported in the literature, but performing large-scale analysis of their presence inside fruit has always been challenging. In this study, a new molecular diagnostic tool, capable of identifying simultaneously 12 potential fungal species causing CFR, was used to better define the impact of CFR across cranberry fields in Québec. For this purpose, 126 fields and 7,825 fruits were sampled in three cranberry farms distributed throughout the province and subjected to comparative analyses of fungal presence and abundance according to cultural practices, sampling times, and cranberry cultivars. All 12 pathogens were detected throughout the study, but as a first major finding, the analyses revealed that four species, Godronia cassandrae, Colletotrichum fructivorum, Allantophomopsis cytisporea, and Coleophoma empetri, were consistently predominant regardless of the parameters studied. Comparison of conventional and organic productions showed a significant reduction in fungal richness and relative abundance. Interestingly, Monilinia oxycocci was found almost exclusively in organic productions, indicating that fungicides had a strong and persistent effect on its population. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in fungal relative abundance or species richness between fruit sampled at harvest or in storage, suggesting that there may not exist a clear distinction between field and storage rot, as was previously thought. Comparative analysis of fungal species found on eight different cranberry cultivars indicated that they were all infected by the same fungi but could not rule out differences in genetic resistance. This large-scale analysis allows us to draw an exhaustive picture of CFR in Québec and provides new information with respect to its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Conti
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Benjamin Cinget
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Labbé
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yanick Asselin
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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16
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Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Kaur H, Singh R, Doyle V, Valverde R. A Diagnostic TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay for In Planta Detection and Quantification of Colletotrichum theobromicola, Causal Agent of Boxwood Dieback. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2395-2401. [PMID: 33630686 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2439-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boxwood dieback, caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola, is spreading at an alarming rate in the boxwood industry in the United States. Although C. theobromicola has been accepted as a distinct species within the C. gloeosporioides species complex, it is difficult to distinguish it from other closely related species based on morphology. Moreover, molecular identification of C. theobromicola requires amplification and sequencing of multiple loci, which can be expensive and time consuming. Therefore, a diagnostic TaqMan real-time PCR assay was developed for early and accurate detection and quantification of C. theobromicola in boxwood. The study involved the design of species-specific primers and a TaqMan probe to differentiate C. theobromicola from other closely related Colletotrichum species. The primers and probe discriminate between C. theobromicola and other species in the C. gloeosporioides species complex and can detect C. theobromicola at very low concentrations, illustrating the high specificity and sensitivity of the assay. This TaqMan real-time PCR assay accurately and rapidly distinguishes boxwood dieback from other diseases with similar symptomatology, including Macrophoma blight, Phytophthora root rot, and Volutella blight, as well as some disorders produced by abiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Raghuwinder Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Vinson Doyle
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Rodrigo Valverde
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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18
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19
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20
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Martin PL, Peter KA. Quantification of Colletotrichum fioriniae in Orchards and Deciduous Forests Indicates It Is Primarily a Leaf Endophyte. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:333-344. [PMID: 32729787 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-20-0157-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum fioriniae of the C. acutatum species complex is an important hemibiotrophic pathogen of vegetables and fruits in temperate regions worldwide. In apple, it is one of the primary species responsible for bitter rot disease. Understanding the disease cycle is complicated because many broadleaf plants can be hosts of C. fioriniae. By detecting and quantifying rain-splashed C. acutatum species complex conidia in more than 500 samples from heavily bitter-rot-infected apple orchards and nearby forested woodlots over two summers, we show that conidial quantities were higher in the woodlots than in the orchards. Testing of more than 1,000 surface-disinfected leaves of apple and 24 different forest plant species showed that overall C. fioriniae was an abundant leaf endophyte, with high variation in leaf colonization area. Endophytic isolates from leaves were pathogenic on apples, and multilocus sequence analysis showed 100% identity between most isolates from leaves and diseased fruits. Apple leaves endophytically infected with C. fioriniae were present in a conventionally managed orchard and abundant in an untreated orchard. These lines of evidence, in the context of previously published research, lead us to hypothesize that the main ecological role of C. fioriniae is that of a leaf endophyte, which we present as a generalized C. fioriniae infection cycle that provides an updated framework for its integrated management in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L Martin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Fruit Research and Extension Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Biglerville, PA 17307
| | - Kari A Peter
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Fruit Research and Extension Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Biglerville, PA 17307
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21
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Dowling M, Peres N, Villani S, Schnabel G. Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2301-2316. [PMID: 32689886 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2378-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fungal genus Colletotrichum includes numerous important plant pathogenic species and species complexes that infect a wide variety of hosts. Its taxonomy is particularly complex because species' phenotypes and genotypes are difficult to differentiate. Two notable complexes, C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides, are known for infecting temperate fruit crops worldwide. Even species within these complexes vary in traits such as tissue specificity, aggressiveness, geographic distribution, and fungicide sensitivity. With few effective chemicals available to control these pathogens, and the persistent threat of fungicide resistance, there is a need for greater understanding of this destructive genus and the methods that can be used for disease management. This review summarizes current research on diseases caused by Colletotrichum spp. on major fruit crops in the United States, focusing on the taxonomy of species involved, disease management strategies, and future management outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Dowling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Natalia Peres
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL 33598
| | - Sara Villani
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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22
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Khodadadi F, González JB, Martin PL, Giroux E, Bilodeau GJ, Peter KA, Doyle VP, Aćimović SG. Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species causing apple bitter rot in New York and description of C. noveboracense sp. nov. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11043. [PMID: 32632221 PMCID: PMC7338416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum species is a growing problem worldwide. Colletotrichum spp. are economically important but taxonomically un-resolved. Identification of Colletotrichum spp. is critical due to potential species-level differences in pathogenicity-related characteristics. A 400-isolate collection from New York apple orchards were morphologically assorted to two groups, C. acutatum species complex (CASC) and C. gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC). A sub-sample of 44 representative isolates, spanning the geographical distribution and apple varieties, were assigned to species based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of nrITS, GAPDH and TUB2 for CASC, and ITS, GAPDH, CAL, ACT, TUB2, APN2, ApMat and GS genes for CGSC. The dominant species was C. fioriniae, followed by C. chrysophilum and a novel species, C. noveboracense, described in this study. This study represents the first report of C. chrysophilum and C. noveboracense as pathogens of apple. We assessed the enzyme activity and fungicide sensitivity for isolates identified in New York. All isolates showed amylolytic, cellulolytic and lipolytic, but not proteolytic activity. C. chrysophilum showed the highest cellulase and the lowest lipase activity, while C. noveboracense had the highest amylase activity. Fungicide assays showed that C. fioriniae was sensitive to benzovindiflupyr and thiabendazole, while C. chrysophilum and C. noveboracense were sensitive to fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole. All species were pathogenic on apple fruit with varying lesion sizes. Our findings of differing pathogenicity-related characteristics among the three species demonstrate the importance of accurate species identification for any downstream investigations of Colletotrichum spp. in major apple growing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khodadadi
- Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Hudson Valley Research Laboratory, Highland, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan B González
- Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Phillip L Martin
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA, USA
| | - Emily Giroux
- Pathogen Identification Research Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume J Bilodeau
- Pathogen Identification Research Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kari A Peter
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA, USA
| | - Vinson P Doyle
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Srđan G Aćimović
- Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Hudson Valley Research Laboratory, Highland, NY, USA.
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Waller TJ, Gager J, Constantelos C, Oudemans PV. The Role of Flowers in the Disease Cycle of Colletotrichum fioriniae and Other Cranberry Fruit Rot Fungi. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1270-1279. [PMID: 32267201 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-20-0010-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Floral extracts (FEs) can influence the infectivity and epidemiology of fruit infecting Colletotrichum species. In this study, Colletotrichum fioriniae responded to cranberry FEs with an increased rate and magnitude of secondary conidiation and appressorium formation. Four other cranberry fruit rotting species also showed an increased rate of germination in the presence of FEs. However, increased appressorium formation was observed only in the latent pathogens Coleophoma cylindrospora, Colletotrichum fructivorum, and Colletotrichum fioriniae. Two other fruit rotting species, Phyllosticta vaccinii and Allantophomopsis lycopodina, did not form appressoria while secondary conidiation was only seen with the Colletotrichum spp. When conidia of Colletotrichum fioriniae were inoculated in the presence of FE, the incidence of disease was greater on cranberry fruit. Conidia of this species also formed appressoria at lower than expected temperatures in the presence of FE. Dissection of the flowers revealed that the corolla (with stamens and stigma) was the most stimulatory part of the inflorescence. These observations suggest an important and ephemeral role of flowers in the epidemiology of fruit rot. Stimulatory floral signals were readily detected using a conidial germination bioassay and rainwater samples collected from the plant canopy throughout the growing season confirmed that bioactivity was highest during the bloom period, and declined as the fruit developed. The data presented show that floral signals can alter the growth patterns of a larger than previously observed range of fungi and the mobility of floral signals within the canopy implicates these phenology-specific cues in modifying the disease cycles of numerous plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Waller
- Plant Biology, P. E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - J Gager
- Plant Biology, P. E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - Christine Constantelos
- Plant Biology, P. E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
| | - Peter V Oudemans
- Plant Biology, P. E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
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24
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Cabral A, Azinheira HG, Talhinhas P, Batista D, Ramos AP, Silva MDC, Oliveira H, Várzea V. Pathological, Morphological, Cytogenomic, Biochemical and Molecular Data Support the Distinction between Colletotrichum cigarro comb. et stat. nov. and Colletotrichum kahawae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E502. [PMID: 32295225 PMCID: PMC7238176 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum has witnessed tremendous variations over the years in the number of species recognized, ranging from 11 to several hundreds. Host-specific fungal species, once the rule, are now the exception, with polyphagous behavior regarded as normal in this genus. The species Colletotrichum kahawae was created to accommodate the pathogens that have the unique ability to infect green developing coffee berries causing the devastating Coffee Berry Disease in Africa, but its close phylogenetic relationship to a polyphagous group of fungi in the C. gloeosporioides species complex led some researchers to regard these pathogens as members of a wider species. In this work we combine pathological, morphological, cytogenomic, biochemical, and molecular data of a comprehensive set of phylogenetically-related isolates to show that the Coffee Berry Disease pathogen forms a separate species, C. kahawae, and also to assign the closely related fungi, previously in C. kahawae subsp. cigarro, to a new species, C. cigarro comb. et stat. nov. This taxonomic clarification provides an opportunity to link phylogeny and functional biology, and additionally enables a much-needed tool for plant pathology and agronomy, associating exclusively C. kahawae to the Coffee Berry Disease pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cabral
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena G. Azinheira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Talhinhas
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
| | - Vítor Várzea
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
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da Silva LL, Moreno HLA, Correia HLN, Santana MF, de Queiroz MV. Colletotrichum: species complexes, lifestyle, and peculiarities of some sources of genetic variability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1891-1904. [PMID: 31932894 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum comprises species with different lifestyles but is mainly known for phytopathogenic species that infect crops of agronomic relevance causing considerable losses. The fungi of the genus Colletotrichum are distributed in species complexes and within each complex some species have particularities regarding their lifestyle. The most commonly found and described lifestyles in Colletotrichum are endophytic and hemibiotrophic phytopathogenic. Several of these phytopathogenic species show wide genetic variability, which makes long-term maintenance of resistance in plants difficult. Different mechanisms may play an important role in the emergence of genetic variants but are not yet fully understood in this genus. These mechanisms include heterokaryosis, a parasexual cycle, sexual cycle, transposable element activity, and repeat-induced point mutations. This review provides an overview of the genus Colletotrichum, the species complexes described so far and the most common lifestyles in the genus, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms that may be responsible, at least in part, for the emergence of new genotypes under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Lopes da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia/Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Hanna Lorena Alvarado Moreno
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia/Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Hilberty Lucas Nunes Correia
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia/Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Ferreira Santana
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia/Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Vieira de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia/Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Tovar-Pedraza JM, Mora-Aguilera JA, Nava-Díaz C, Lima NB, Michereff SJ, Sandoval-Islas JS, Câmara MPS, Téliz-Ortiz D, Leyva-Mir SG. Distribution and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum Species Associated With Mango Anthracnose in Mexico. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:137-146. [PMID: 31730415 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0178-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mango anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is the most significant disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in almost all production areas around the world. In Mexico, mango anthracnose has only been attributed to C. asianum and C. gloeosporioides. The aims of this study were to identify the Colletotrichum species associated with mango anthracnose symptoms in Mexico by phylogenetic inference using the ApMat marker, to determine the distribution of these species, and to test their pathogenicity and virulence on mango fruits. Surveys were carried out from 2010 to 2012 in 59 commercial orchards in the major mango growing states of Mexico, and a total of 118 isolates were obtained from leaves, twigs, and fruits with typical anthracnose symptoms. All isolates were tentatively identified in the C. gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological and cultural characteristics. The Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree generated with Apn2/MAT intergenic spacer sequences of 59 isolates (one per orchard) revealed that C. alienum, C. asianum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. tropicale were associated with symptoms of mango anthracnose. In this study, C. alienum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. tropicale are reported for the first time in association with mango tissues in Mexico. This study represents the first report of C. alienum causing mango anthracnose worldwide. The distribution of Colletotrichum species varied among the mango growing states from Mexico. Chiapas was the only state in which all five species were found. Pathogenicity tests on mango fruit cultivar Manila showed that all Colletotrichum species from this study could induce anthracnose lesions. However, differences in virulence were evident among species. C. siamense and C. asianum were the most virulent, whereas C. alienum and C. fructicola were considered the least virulent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tovar-Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Coordinación Culiacán, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, 80110 Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J A Mora-Aguilera
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C Nava-Díaz
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - N B Lima
- CONICET-Instituto de Patología Vegetal, CIAP-INTA, X5020ICA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S J Michereff
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, 63130-025 Ceará, Brazil
| | - J S Sandoval-Islas
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M P S Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900 Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - D Téliz-Ortiz
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S G Leyva-Mir
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
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Optimal markers for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106694. [PMID: 31786239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum is among the most important genera of fungal plant pathogens. Molecular phylogenetic studies over the last decade have resulted in a much better understanding of the evolutionary relationships and species boundaries within the genus. There are now approximately 200 species accepted, most of which are distributed among 13 species complexes. Given their prominence on agricultural crops around the world, rapid identification of a large collection of Colletotrichum isolates is routinely needed by plant pathologists, regulatory officials, and fungal biologists. However, there is no agreement on the best molecular markers to discriminate species in each species complex. Here we calculate the barcode gap distance and intra/inter-specific distance overlap to evaluate each of the most commonly applied molecular markers for their utility as a barcode for species identification. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone-3 (HIS3), DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus MAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), and intergenic spacer between GAPDH and a hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS) have the properties of good barcodes, whereas sequences of actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacers (nrITS) are not able to distinguish most species. Finally, we assessed the utility of these markers for phylogenetic studies using phylogenetic informativeness profiling, the genealogical sorting index (GSI), and Bayesian concordance analyses (BCA). Although GAPDH, HIS3 and β-tubulin (TUB2) were frequently among the best markers, there was not a single set of markers that were best for all species complexes. Eliminating markers with low phylogenetic signal tends to decrease uncertainty in the topology, regardless of species complex, and leads to a larger proportion of markers that support each lineage in the Bayesian concordance analyses. Finally, we reconstruct the phylogeny of each species complex using a minimal set of phylogenetic markers with the strongest phylogenetic signal and find the majority of species are strongly supported as monophyletic.
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Conti M, Cinget B, Vivancos J, Oudemans P, Bélanger RR. A Molecular Assay Allows the Simultaneous Detection of 12 Fungi Causing Fruit Rot in Cranberry. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2843-2850. [PMID: 31469361 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-19-0531-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry fruit rot (CFR) is arguably one of the most limiting factors of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) production throughout its growing areas. The disease is caused by a group of closely related fungi that require identification using long and cumbersome steps of isolation and microscopic observations of structural features. The objective of this study was to develop a molecular assay to simultaneously detect and discriminate 12 of the most important fungal species reported to be pathogenic on cranberry fruit to facilitate the diagnosis of CFR. As the first approach, internal transcribed spacers and large subunit regions of all fungi were sequenced and confirmed with sequences available in the NCBI database. These data were used to develop primers able to differentiate seven of the 12 species. The five remaining species, including three in the Phacidiaceae family and two in the Glomerellaceae family, were differentiated on the basis of a more discriminant marker, the translation elongation factor 1-α. Two PCR reactions were optimized to clearly delineate the 12 species. The multiplex test was first validated using pure fungal cultures; it was subsequently validated using fruit collected in cranberry beds in eastern Canada. In the latter case, the test was rigorous enough to clearly discriminate the fungal pathogens from contaminants. Within the tested samples, Physalospora vaccinii and Coleophoma empetri were most commonly found. This molecular test offers scientists, diagnosticians, and growers a powerful tool that can rapidly and precisely identify fungi causing CFR so they can implement appropriate control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Conti
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Cinget
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Vivancos
- Laboratoire d'expertise et de Diagnostic en Phytoprotection, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Oudemans
- Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, The State University of New Jersey, Chatsworth, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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Meng Y, Gleason ML, Zhang R, Sun G. Genome Sequence Resource of the Wide-Host-Range Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum siamense. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:931-934. [PMID: 30893002 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0010-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum siamense causes fruit or foliar disease called anthracnose on a variety of plant hosts such as vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants, and others, including chili pepper, apple, American cranberry, mango, orange, papaya, guava, rubber plant, jasmine, coffee berry, and tea plants. Here, we report the first Illumina-sequenced draft genome assembly of C. siamense strain ICMP 18578 and its annotation. This genome sequence provides a unique resource that will be useful for future research on the evolution of Colletotrichum spp. and improvement of anthracnose management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Meng
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mark L Gleason
- 2Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Rong Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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Cao X, Xu X, Che H, West JS, Luo D. Three Colletotrichum Species, Including a New Species, are Associated to Leaf Anthracnose of Rubber Tree in Hainan, China. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:117-124. [PMID: 30398958 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-18-0374-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum have been reported to be causal agents of anthracnose disease of rubber tree. Recent investigations have shown that both C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum are species complexes. The identities of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of rubber tree in Hainan, China, are unknown. In this study, 106 isolates obtained from rubber tree with symptoms of anthracnose were collected from 12 counties of Hainan and identified at the species complex level based on the ITS sequences and colony morphologies. Seventy-four isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides species complex and the other 32 isolates as C. acutatum species complex. Forty-two isolates were selected for further multilocus phylogenetic analyses in order to identify the isolates to the species level. Twenty-six isolates from the C. gloeosporioides species complex were characterized for partial sequences of seven gene regions (ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, ITS, ApMat, and GS), and the other 16 isolates from the C. acutatum species complex for five gene regions (ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS). Three species were identified: C. siamense and C. fructicola from the C. gloeosporioides species complex, and a new species C. wanningense from the C. acutatum species complex. Artificial inoculation of rubber tree leaves confirmed the pathogenicity of the three species. The present study improves the understanding of species causing anthracnose on rubber tree and provides useful information for the effective control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Haiyan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | | | - Daquan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Vieira A, Silva DN, Várzea V, Paulo OS, Batista D. Novel insights on colonization routes and evolutionary potential of Colletotrichum kahawae, a severe pathogen of Coffea arabica. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2488-2501. [PMID: 30073748 PMCID: PMC6638157 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are emerging at an increasing rate on a wide range of host plants, leading to tremendous threats to the global economy and food safety. Several plant pathogens have been considered to be invasive species, rendering large-scale population genomic analyses crucial to better understand their demographic history and evolutionary potential. Colletotrichum kahawae (Ck) is a highly aggressive and specialized pathogen, causing coffee berry disease in Arabica coffee in Africa. This pathogen leads to severe production losses and its dissemination out of Africa is greatly feared. To address this issue, a population genomic approach using thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spaced throughout the genome was used to unveil its demographic history and evolutionary potential. The current study confirms that Ck is a true clonal pathogen, perfectly adapted to green coffee berries, with three completely differentiated populations (Angolan, Cameroonian and East African). Two independent clonal lineages were found within the Angolan population as opposed to the remaining single clonal populations. The most probable colonization scenario suggests that this pathogen emerged in Angola and immediately dispersed to East Africa, where these two populations began to differentiate, followed by the introduction in Cameroon from an Angolan population. However, the differentiation between the two Angolan clonal lineages masks the mechanism for the emergence of the Cameroonian population. Our results suggest that Ck is completely differentiated from the ancestral lineage, has a low evolutionary potential and a low dispersion ability, with human transport the most likely scenario for its potential dispersion, which makes the fulfilment of the quarantine measures and management practices implemented crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vieira
- CIFC—Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- CoBiG—Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboa1749‐016Portugal
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa1349‐017Portugal
| | - Diogo Nuno Silva
- CIFC—Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- CoBiG—Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboa1749‐016Portugal
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa1349‐017Portugal
| | - Victor Várzea
- CIFC—Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa1349‐017Portugal
| | - Octávio Salgueiro Paulo
- CoBiG—Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboa1749‐016Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- CIFC—Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- CoBiG—Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboa1749‐016Portugal
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa1349‐017Portugal
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Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose of Rubber Trees in China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10435. [PMID: 29992950 PMCID: PMC6041288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is one of the most severe diseases of Hevea brasiliensis. However, research on the diversity and geographical distribution of Colletotrichum remains limited in China. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of Colletotrichum isolates associated with symptomatic tissues of H.brasiliensis from four provinces of China (Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan). Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, five species were distinguished, including two known species (C. fructicola, C. siamense), one novel species of C. gloeosporioides species complex (C. ledongense), and two novel species of C. acutatum species complex (C. bannanense and C. australisinense). Of these, C. siamense and C. australisinense have been recognized as major causative agents of anthracnose of H. brasiliensis.
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Hassan O, Jeon JY, Chang T, Shin JS, Oh NK, Lee YS. Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Colletotrichum Species in the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Complex Associated with Persimmon Anthracnose in South Korea. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1015-1024. [PMID: 30673381 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-17-1564-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose is a major disease of persimmon in the pre- and postharvest phase. Several species of Colletotrichum (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, and C. horii) have been reported as causal agents of persimmon anthracnose in South Korea. In this study, a collection of 50 isolates associated with persimmon anthracnose were collected from Sangju (n = 25) and Cheongdo-gun (n = 25), South Korea. The morphological characteristics of all 50 Colletotrichum isolates were similar, and it was difficult to identify the isolates to the species level. A subsample of eight isolates was characterized phylogenetically to ascertain species. BLAST search and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and actin (ACT) genes revealed two species: C. horii as well as a previously unreported persimmon anthracnose causal agent C. siamense. C. siamense isolates were confirmed again by phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, ACT, GAPDH, calmodulin, and Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer partial mating type genes. Koch's postulates for C. horii and C. siamense were fulfilled, confirming the pathogenicity of the two species in persimmon fruit. Morphological characteristics (colony morphology and size and shape of conidia and appressoria) from two representative isolates support results of the phylogenetic analysis and match those of previous descriptions of C. horii and C. siamense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliul Hassan
- School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Jong Yeob Jeon
- School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Taehyun Chang
- School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Jun Sung Shin
- School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Nam Kwon Oh
- School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Yong Se Lee
- Division of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38453, Korea (Republic of)
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Veloso JS, Câmara MPS, Lima WG, Michereff SJ, Doyle VP. Why species delimitation matters for fungal ecology: Colletotrichum diversity on wild and cultivated cashew in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:677-691. [PMID: 29880203 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose is one of the most important plant diseases globally, occurring on a wide range of cultivated and wild host species. This study aimed to identify the Colletotrichum species associated with cashew anthracnose in Brazil, determine their phylogenetic relationships and geographical distribution, and provide some insight into the factors that may be influencing community composition. Colletotrichum isolates collected from symptomatic leaves, stems, inflorescences, and fruit of cultivated and wild cashew, across four Brazilian biomes, were identified as Colletotrichum chrysophilum, Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto, Colletotrichum queenslandicum, Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum tropicale. Colletotrichum siamense was the most dominant species. The greatest species richness was associated with cultivated cashew; leaves harbored more species than the other organs; the Atlantic Forest encompassed more species than the other biomes; and Pernambuco was the most species-rich location. However, accounting for the relative abundance of Colletotrichum species and differences in sample size across strata, the interpretation of which community is most diverse depends on how species are delimited. The present study provides valuable information about the Colletotrichum/cashew pathosystem, sheds light on the causal agents identification,and highlights the impact that species delimitation can have on ecological studies of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiene S Veloso
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Marcos P S Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Waléria G Lima
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Sami J Michereff
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Vinson P Doyle
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Sharma G, Maymon M, Freeman S. Epidemiology, pathology and identification of Colletotrichum including a novel species associated with avocado (Persea americana) anthracnose in Israel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15839. [PMID: 29158592 PMCID: PMC5696532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a major constraint for the shelf-life and marketability of avocado fruits. To date, only C. gloeosporioides sensu lato and C. aenigma have been reported as pathogens affecting avocado in Israel. This study was conducted to identify and characterize Colletotrichum species associated with avocado anthracnose and to determine their survival on different host-structures in Israel. The pathogen survived and over-wintered mainly on fresh and dry leaves, as well as fresh twigs in the orchard. A collection of 538 Colletotrichum isolates used in this study was initially characterized based on morphology and banding patterns generated according to arbitrarily primed PCR to assess the genetic diversity of the fungal populations. Thereafter, based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses involving combinations of ITS, act, ApMat, cal, chs1, gapdh, gs, his3, tub2 gene/markers; eight previously described species (C. aenigma, C. alienum, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, C. karstii, C. nupharicola, C. siamense, C. theobromicola) and a novel species (C. perseae) were identified, as avocado anthracnose pathogens in Israel; and reconfirmed after pathogenicity assays. Colletotrichum perseae sp. nov. and teleomorph of C. aenigma are described along with comprehensive morphological descriptions and illustrations, for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Marcel Maymon
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Stanley Freeman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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Penet L, Briand S, Petro D, Bussière F, Guyader S. Data on microsatellite markers in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l., polymorphism levels and diversity range. Data Brief 2017; 12:644-648. [PMID: 28540357 PMCID: PMC5432675 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a species complex of fungi belonging to the Glomerellaceae family (Ascomycota). It has a global worldwide occurrence and while sometimes described as a plant endophytic commensal, it also often demonstrates pathogenicity on crops and is responsible for anthracnose disease in many cultivated species. Thirty-nine polymorphic microsatellites were isolated and their polymorphism levels were determined in 95 strains from Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles), mostly isolated from Water Yam (Dioscorea alata). The average allele number per polymorphic locus was 12.3 (decreasing to 4.3 at 5% frequency threshold, indicative of dramatic amounts of rare polymorphisms), with a range of 2-29 alleles. The microsatellite markers data will facilitate genetic diversity analyses and population genetics studies for the species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Penet
- INRA, UR1321, ASTRO Agrosystèmes tropicaux, F‐97170, Petit‐Bourg (Guadeloupe) France
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Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald J, Cai L, Chen Q, Marincowitz S, Barnes I, Bensch K, Braun U, Camporesi E, Damm U, de Beer Z, Dissanayake A, Edwards J, Giraldo A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hyde K, Jayawardena R, Lombard L, Luangsa-ard J, McTaggart A, Rossman A, Sandoval-Denis M, Shen M, Shivas R, Tan Y, van der Linde E, Wingfield M, Wood A, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Crous P. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1. Stud Mycol 2017; 86:99-216. [PMID: 28663602 PMCID: PMC5486355 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi: Bipolaris, Boeremia, Calonectria, Ceratocystis, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniella, Curvularia, Monilinia, Neofabraea, Neofusicoccum, Pilidium, Pleiochaeta, Plenodomus, Protostegia, Pseudopyricularia, Puccinia, Saccharata, Thyrostroma, Venturia and Wilsonomyces. For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided. In addition, this information is linked to primary and secondary DNA barcodes of the presently accepted species, and relevant literature. Moreover, several novelties are introduced, i.e. new genera, species and combinations, and neo-, lecto- and epitypes designated to provide a stable taxonomy. This first paper includes one new genus, 26 new species, ten new combinations, and four typifications of older names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Marin-Felix
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - S. Marincowitz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - I. Barnes
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Straße 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Camporesi
- A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy
- A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy
- Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna, C.P. 144, Bagnacavallo (RA), Italy
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Z.W. de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A. Dissanayake
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - J. Edwards
- AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - A. Giraldo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K.D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - R.S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Luangsa-ard
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity and Biotechnological Resource Research Unit (BBR), BIOTEC, NSTDA 113 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M. Shen
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E.J. van der Linde
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division – Mycology, P. Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A.R. Wood
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - J.Q. Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Pino-Bodas R, Pérez-Vargas I, Stenroos S, Ahti T, Burgaz A. Sharpening the species boundaries in the Cladonia mediterranea complex ( Cladoniaceae, Ascomycota). PERSOONIA 2016; 37:1-12. [PMID: 28232757 PMCID: PMC5315283 DOI: 10.3767/003158516x688081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The complex Cladonia mediterranea belongs to the section Impexae and is formed by C. azorica, C. macaronesica and C.mediterranea. These species are basically distributed in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian Regions. In the present work the limits between the species of this complex are re-examined. To this end, the morphological characters were studied along with the secondary metabolites and the DNA sequences from three loci (ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA and rpb2). The morphological data were studied by principal component analysis (PCA), while the DNA sequences were analyzed using several approaches available to delimit species: genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition, species tree (BEAST* and spedeSTEM) and cohesion species recognition. In addition, the genealogical sorting index was used in order to assess the monophyly of the species. The different procedures used in our study turned out to be highly congruent with respect to the limits they establish, but these limits are not the ones separating the prior species. Either the morphological analysis or the different approaches to species delimitation indicate that C. mediterranea is a different species from C. macaronesica, while C. azorica and C. macaronesica, which are reduced to synonyms of C. portentosa, constitute a separate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Pino-Bodas
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - I. Pérez-Vargas
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38071, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - S. Stenroos
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Ahti
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - A.R. Burgaz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal 1, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Li ZJ, Shen XY, Hou CL. Fungal endophytes of South China blueberry (Vaccinium dunalianumvar.urophyllum). Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:482-487. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-J. Li
- College of Life Science; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
| | - X.-Y. Shen
- College of Life Science; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
| | - C.-L. Hou
- College of Life Science; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
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Albu S, Schneider RW, Price PP, Doyle VP. Cercospora cf. flagellaris and Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae Are Associated with Cercospora Leaf Blight and Purple Seed Stain on Soybean in North America. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:1376-1385. [PMID: 27183302 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-15-0332-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cercospora kikuchii has long been considered the causal agent of Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS) on soybean, but a recent study found C. cf. flagellaris associated with CLB and PSS in Arkansas (United States) and Argentina. Here, we provide a broader perspective on the distribution of C. cf. flagellaris on soybean and alternate hosts within the United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Kansas). We used a multilocus phylogenetic approach with data from actin, calmodulin, translation elongation factor 1-α, histone 3, the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and the mating-type locus to determine that two species, C. cf. flagellaris (200 of 205 isolates) and C. cf. sigesbeckiae (five of 205 isolates), are associated with CLB and PSS in the United States. In our phylogenetic analyses, species-level lineages were generally well-supported, though deeper-level evolutionary relationships remained unresolved, indicating that these genes do not possess sufficient phylogenetic signal to resolve the evolutionary history of Cercospora. We also investigated the potential for sexual reproduction in C. cf. flagellaris in Louisiana by determining the frequency of MAT1-1/MAT1-2 mating-type idiomorphs within the Louisiana population of C. cf. flagellaris. Though the MAT 1-2 idiomorph was significantly more common in our collection, the presence of both mating types suggests the potential for sexual reproduction exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Albu
- First, second, and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge
- and third author: Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro
| | - R W Schneider
- First, second, and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge
- and third author: Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro
| | - P P Price
- First, second, and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge
- and third author: Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro
| | - V P Doyle
- First, second, and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge
- and third author: Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro
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Rockenbach MF, Velho AC, Gonçalves AE, Mondino PE, Alaniz SM, Stadnik MJ. Genetic Structure of Colletotrichum fructicola Associated to Apple Bitter Rot and Glomerella Leaf Spot in Southern Brazil and Uruguay. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:774-781. [PMID: 27019063 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-15-0222-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum fructicola is the main species causing apple bitter rot (ABR) and Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) in southern Brazil, and ABR in Uruguay where GLS remains unnoticed. Thus, this work aimed to determine the genetic structure of C. fructicola isolates of both the countries. A total of 28 out of 31 Brazilian isolates (90.3%) caused typical symptoms of GLS, while only 6 of 25 Uruguayan isolates (24.0%) originating from fruits were able to infect leaves, but causing atypical symptoms. Both populations showed similar levels of Nei's gene diversity (h = 0.088 and 0.079, for Brazilian and Uruguayan populations, respectively), and Bayesian cluster analysis inferred two genetic clusters correlated with the geographical origin of isolates. A principal coordinates analysis scatter plot and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean-based dendrogram also grouped Brazilian and Uruguayan isolates into two groups. By pairwise comparison of nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants with a proposed set of testers, all Uruguayan isolates were grouped into a unique vegetative compatibility group (namely VCG 1), while Brazilian isolates were grouped into four VCGs (VCG 1 to 4). Brazilian and Uruguayan populations of C. fructicola were found to be genetically distinct. Our results suggest that isolates of C. fructicola from Brazil capable of causing GLS and ABR arose independently of those from Uruguay. Possible causes leading to the evolutionary differences between populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias F Rockenbach
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Aline C Velho
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amanda E Gonçalves
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro E Mondino
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sandra M Alaniz
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marciel J Stadnik
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Han YC, Zeng XG, Xiang FY, Ren L, Chen FY, Gu YC. Distribution and Characteristics of Colletotrichum spp. Associated with Anthracnose of Strawberry in Hubei, China. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:996-1006. [PMID: 30686149 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-1016-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a serious disease of strawberry. The etiology of anthracnose of strawberry is complex, and several Colletotrichum spp. have been regarded as causal agents. In the present study, multilocus (actin, β-tubulin, calmodulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and chitin synthase) phylogenetic analysis revealed that 100 isolates of Colletotrichum associated with anthracnose of strawberry in central China belong to five species. In total, 97 isolates were identified belonging to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, with C. murrayae, C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola, and C. aenigma accounting for 81, 8, 4, and 4% of the total isolates, respectively. Three isolates belonging to the C. acutatum complex were identified as C. nymphaeae. On inoculated strawberry plants, isolates of C. fructicola and C. murrayae species showed strong pathogenicity to both leaves and petioles of strawberry, with plant mortality 30 days after inoculation of 77.8 and 55.6%, respectively. C. gloeosporioides, C. aenigma, and C. nymphaeae showed strong pathogenicity to leaves but weak pathogenicity to petioles, with plant mortality 30 days after inoculation of 5.6, 16.7, and 11.1%, respectively. The five species were divided into four classes based on their maximum growth temperatures. Isolates of C. murrayae and C. gloeosporioides were more tolerant to high temperature (>34°C) than isolates of other species, followed by C. fructicola and C. aenigma. Isolates of C. nymphaeae, which are only distributed in areas of higher altitude (1,100 m), were highly sensitive to higher temperature. These results indicate that pathogenicity and adaptation to temperature are important factors in the distribution of Colletotrichum spp. on strawberry plants. This research may increase our understanding of how Colletotrichum spp. emerge and spread to geographical regions with different latitudes or elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Han
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - X G Zeng
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - F Y Xiang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - L Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - F Y Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Y C Gu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Liu F, Wang M, Damm U, Crous PW, Cai L. Species boundaries in plant pathogenic fungi: a Colletotrichum case study. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:81. [PMID: 27080690 PMCID: PMC4832473 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate delimitation of plant pathogenic fungi is critical for the establishment of quarantine regulations, screening for genetic resistance to plant pathogens, and the study of ecosystem function. Concatenation analysis of multi-locus DNA sequence data represents a powerful and commonly used approach to recognizing evolutionary independent lineages in fungi. It is however possible to mask the discordance between individual gene trees, thus the speciation events might be erroneously estimated if one simply recognizes well supported clades as distinct species without implementing a careful examination of species boundary. To investigate this phenomenon, we studied Colletotrichum siamense s. lat., which is a cosmopolitan pathogen causing serious diseases on many economically important plant hosts. Presently there are significant disagreements among mycologists as to what constitutes a species in C. siamense s. lat., with the number of accepted species ranging from one to seven. RESULTS In this study, multiple approaches were used to test the null hypothesis "C. siamense is a species complex", using a global strain collection. Results of molecular analyses based on the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) and coalescent methods (e.g. Generalized Mixed Yule-coalescent and Poisson Tree Processes) do not support the recognition of any independent evolutionary lineages within C. siamense s. lat. as distinct species, thus rejecting the null hypothesis. This conclusion is reinforced by the recognition of genetic recombination, cross fertility, and the comparison of ecological and morphological characters. Our results indicate that reproductive isolation, geographic and host plant barriers to gene flow are absent in C. siamense s. lat. CONCLUSIONS This discovery emphasized the importance of a polyphasic approach when describing novel species in morphologically conserved genera of plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- />Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Ulrike Damm
- />Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- />Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa
| | - Lei Cai
- />State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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Liu F, Weir B, Damm U, Crous P, Wang Y, Liu B, Wang M, Zhang M, Cai L. Unravelling Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia: employing ApMat and GS loci to resolve species in the C. gloeosporioides complex. PERSOONIA 2015; 35:63-86. [PMID: 26823629 PMCID: PMC4713112 DOI: 10.3767/003158515x687597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 144 Colletotrichum isolates associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of Camellia sinensis and other Camellia spp. from seven provinces in China (Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), and seven isolates obtained from other countries, including Indonesia, UK, and the USA. Based on multi-locus (ACT, ApMat, CAL, GAPDH, GS, ITS, TUB2) phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characters, 11 species were distinguished, including nine well-characterised species (C. alienum, C. boninense, C. camelliae, C. cliviae, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. sia-mense), and two novel species (C. henanense and C. jiangxiense). Of these, C. camelliae proved to be the most dominant and probably host specific taxon occurring on Camellia. An epitype is also designated for the latter species in this study. Colletotrichum jiangxiense is shown to be phylogenetically closely related to the coffee berry pathogen C. kahawae subsp. kahawae. Pathogenicity tests and the pairwise homoplasy index test suggest that C. jiangxiense and C. kahawae subsp. kahawae are two independent species. This study represents the first report of C. alienum and C. cliviae occurring on Camellia sinensis. In addition, our study demonstrated that the combined use of the loci ApMat and GS in a phylogenetic analysis is able to resolve all currently accepted species in the C. gloeosporioides species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B.S. Weir
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - U. Damm
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P.W. Crous
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guizhou University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - B. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - M. Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, 450002, China
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Velho AC, Alaniz S, Casanova L, Mondino P, Stadnik MJ. New insights into the characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with apple diseases in southern Brazil and Uruguay. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:229-44. [PMID: 25813510 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are associated with Apple bitter rot (ABR) and Glomerella leaf spot (GLS). Whereas both apple diseases occur frequently in Brazil, only the former has been reported in Uruguay. This work was aimed at identifying and comparing morpho-cultural characteristics and pathogenic variability of thirty-nine Colletotrichum isolates from both countries. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-tubulin (TUB2) allowed the identification of three species causing ABR and GLS in Brazil, i.e., Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum karstii, and Colletotrichum nymphaeae; and three species causing ABR in Uruguay, i.e., C. fructicola, Colletotrichum theobromicola, and Colletotrichum melonis. Six groups of colony colours were recorded with group 1 (mycelium white to pink and in reverse pinkish) and group 2 (mycelium white to grey and in reverse pinkish) the most frequent. Isolates of C. fructicola and C. theobromicola were sensitive to benomyl, while C. karstii, C. nymphaeae, and C. melonis were resistant. Conidia were predominantly cylindrical for C. fructicola and C. karstii, fusiform for C. nymphaeae and C. melonis, and obclavate for C. theobromicola. Brazilian isolates caused ABR in wounded fruits, but only five in non-wounded ones. Uruguayan isolates produced symptoms in fruits with or without previous wounding. All Brazilian isolates from GLS and twelve from ABR were able to cause GLS symptoms, while a sole Uruguayan ABR-isolate caused leaf spot symptoms. This study gives a better insight on the new species causing apple disease in both countries and discusses their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Velho
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sandra Alaniz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Casanova
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Mondino
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marciel J Stadnik
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Sharma G, Pinnaka AK, Shenoy BD. Resolving the Colletotrichum siamense species complex using ApMat marker. FUNGAL DIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-014-0312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rampersad SN, Hosein FN, Carrington CVF. Sequence exploration reveals information bias among molecular markers used in phylogenetic reconstruction for Colletotrichum species. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:614. [PMID: 25392785 PMCID: PMC4210461 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex is among the most destructive fungal plant pathogens in the world, however, identification of isolates of quarantine importance to the intra-specific level is confounded by a number of factors that affect phylogenetic reconstruction. Information bias and quality parameters were investigated to determine whether nucleotide sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees accurately reflect the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness of individuals. Sequence exploration of GAPDH, ACT, TUB2 and ITS markers indicated that the query sequences had different patterns of nucleotide substitution but were without evidence of base substitution saturation. Regions of high entropy were much more dispersed in the ACT and GAPDH marker alignments than for the ITS and TUB2 markers. A discernible bimodal gap in the genetic distance frequency histograms was produced for the ACT and GAPDH markers which indicated successful separation of intra- and inter-specific sequences in the data set. Overall, analyses indicated clear differences in the ability of these markers to phylogenetically separate individuals to the intra-specific level which coincided with information bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sephra N Rampersad
- />Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Fazeeda N Hosein
- />Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Christine VF Carrington
- />Department of Pre-clinical Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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Udayanga D, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD. Insights into the genus Diaporthe: phylogenetic species delimitation in the D. eres species complex. FUNGAL DIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-014-0297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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