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Dino P, Giuffrè MR, Buscetta M, Di Vincenzo S, La Mensa A, Cristaldi M, Bucchieri F, Lo Iacono G, Bertani A, Pace E, Cipollina C. Release of IL-1β and IL-18 in human primary bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke is independent of NLRP3. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451053. [PMID: 39072707 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for chronic lung diseases and promotes activation of pattern recognition receptors in the bronchial epithelium. NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a pattern recognition receptor whose activation leads to caspase-1 cleavage, maturation/release of IL-1β and IL-18, and eventually pyroptosis. Whether the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in CS-induced inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells is still unclear. Herein, we evaluated the involvement of NLRP3 in CS-induced inflammatory responses in human primary bronchial epithelial cells. To this purpose, human primary bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with CS extracts (CSE) and lytic cell death, caspase activation (-1, -8, -3/7), cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-8), NLRP3, pro-IL-1β/pro-IL-18 mRNA, and protein expression were measured. The impact of inhibitors of NLRP3 (MCC950), caspases, and the effect of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine were evaluated. We found that CSE increased pro-IL-1β expression and induced activation of caspase-1 and release of IL-1β and IL-18. These events were independent of NLRP3 and we found that NLRP3 was not expressed. N-acetyl cysteine reverted CSE-induced caspase-1 activation. Overall, our findings support that the bronchial epithelium may play a central role in the release of IL-1 family cytokines independently of NLRP3 in the lungs of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dino
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Ospedale Civile di Venezia SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venezia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Agnese La Mensa
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Palermo, Italy
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2
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Sang L, Gong X, Huang Y, Zhang L, Sun J. Immunotherapeutic implications on targeting the cytokines produced in rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1427762. [PMID: 38859875 PMCID: PMC11163110 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1427762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus is a widespread virus associated with several respiratory diseases, especially asthma exacerbation. Currently, there are no accurate therapies for rhinovirus. Encouragingly, it is found that during rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions the levels of certain cytokines in patients' serum will alter. These cytokines may have pivotal pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects via their specific mechanisms. Thus far, studies have shown that inhibitions of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-18, IL-25, and IL-33 may attenuate rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions, thereby relieving rhinovirus infection. Furthermore, such therapeutics for rhinovirus infection can be applied to viruses of other species, with certain practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Sang
- Department of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunlei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Lučiūnaitė A, Mašalaitė K, Plikusiene I, Maciulis V, Juciute S, Norkienė M, Žvirblienė A. Structural properties of immune complexes formed by viral antigens and specific antibodies shape the inflammatory response of macrophages. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:53. [PMID: 38664730 PMCID: PMC11046781 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on the course of viral infections revealed severe inflammation as a consequence of antiviral immune response. Despite extensive research, there are insufficient data on the role of innate immune cells in promoting inflammation mediated by immune complexes (IC) of viral antigens and their specific antibodies. Recently, we demonstrated that antigens of human polyomaviruses (PyVs) induce an inflammatory response in macrophages. Here, we investigated macrophage activation by IC. We used primary murine macrophages as a cell model, virus-like particles (VLPs) of PyV capsid protein as antigens, and a collection of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b subclasses. The inflammatory response was investigated by analysing inflammatory chemokines and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. We observed a diverse pattern of chemokine secretion in macrophages treated with different IC compared to VLPs alone. To link IC properties with cell activation status, we characterised the IC by advanced optical and acoustic techniques. Ellipsometry provided precise real-time kinetics of mAb-antigen interactions, while quartz crystal microbalance measurements showed changes in conformation and viscoelastic properties during IC formation. These results revealed differences in mAb-antigen interaction and mAb binding parameters of the investigated IC. We found that IC-mediated cell activation depends more on IC characteristics, including mAb affinity, than on mAb affinity for the activating Fc receptor. IC formed by the highest affinity mAb showed a significant enhancement of inflammasome activation. This may explain the hyperinflammation related to viral infection and vaccination. Our findings demonstrate that IC promote the viral antigen-induced inflammatory response depending on antibody properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Lučiūnaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Kristina Mašalaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vincentas Maciulis
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Silvija Juciute
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Norkienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Žvirblienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Schworer SA, Chason KD, Chen G, Chen J, Zhou H, Burbank AJ, Kesic MJ, Hernandez ML. IL-1 receptor antagonist attenuates proinflammatory responses to rhinovirus in airway epithelium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1577-1584.e4. [PMID: 36708816 PMCID: PMC10257744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinoviruses (RVs) are the most common trigger for asthma exacerbations, and there are currently no targeted therapies for viral-induced asthma exacerbations. RV infection causes neutrophilic inflammation, which is often resistant to effects of glucocorticoids. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) treatment reduces neutrophilic inflammation in humans challenged with inhaled endotoxin and thus may have therapeutic potential for RV-induced asthma exacerbations. OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypothesis that IL-1RA treatment of airway epithelium reduces RV-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production, which is important for neutrophil recruitment. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells from deceased donors without prior pulmonary disease were cultured at air-liquid interface and treated with IL-13 to approximate an asthmatic inflammatory milieu. Human bronchial epithelial cells were infected with human RV-16 with or without IL-1RA treatment. RESULTS RV infection promoted the release of IL-1α and the neutrophil-attractant cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL10. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was significantly reduced by IL-1RA treatment without significant change in IFN-β release or RV titer. In addition, IL-1RA reduced MUC5B expression after RV infection without impacting MUC5AC. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IL-1RA treatment significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines while preserving the antiviral response. These results provide evidence for further investigation of IL-1RA as a novel targeted therapy against neutrophil-attractant cytokine release in RV-induced airway inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Schworer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kelly D Chason
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Allison J Burbank
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew J Kesic
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
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NLRP1 Inflammasome Activation in Keratinocytes: Increasing Evidence of Important Roles in Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2313-2322. [PMID: 35550825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, it was shown that DNA sequence variants of the human NLRP1 gene are associated with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases affecting mainly the skin. However, at that time, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms were poorly characterized. Meanwhile, increasing evidence suggests that the NLRP1 inflammasome expressed by keratinocytes not only plays a part in the pathology of common inflammatory skin diseases and cancer development but also contributes to skin immunity. Understanding the mechanisms regulating NLRP1 activation in keratinocytes and the downstream events in human skin might pave the way for developing novel strategies for treating patients suffering from NLRP1-mediated skin diseases.
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Ravi A, Chowdhury S, Dijkhuis A, Dierdorp BS, Dekker T, Kruize R, Sabogal Piñeros YS, Majoor CJ, Sterk PJ, Lutter R. Imprinting of bronchial epithelial cells upon in vivo rhinovirus infection in people with asthma. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00522-2021. [PMID: 35449758 PMCID: PMC9016171 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00522-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Defective translocation of the translational repressor TIAR (T-cell internal antigen receptor) in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from asthma patients underlies epithelial hyperresponsiveness, reflected by an exaggerated production of a select panel of inflammatory cytokines such as CXCL-8, interleukin (IL)-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, CXCL-10, upon exposure to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-17A. With this study we aimed to clarify whether epithelial hyperresponsiveness is a consistent finding, is changed upon in vivo exposure to rhinovirus (RV)-A16 and applies to the bronchoconstrictor endothelin-1. Methods BECs were obtained from asthma patients (n=18) and healthy individuals (n=11), 1 day before and 6 days post-RV-A16 exposure. BECs were cultured and stimulated with TNF and IL-17A and inflammatory mediators were analysed. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained in parallel with BECs to correlate differential cell counts and inflammatory mediators with epithelial hyperresponsiveness. Results Epithelial hyperresponsiveness was confirmed in sequential samples and even increased in BECs from asthma patients after RV-A16 exposure, but not in BECs from healthy individuals. Endothelin-1 tended to increase in BECs from asthma patients collected after RV-A16 exposure, but not in BECs from healthy individuals. In vitro CXCL-8 and endothelin-1 production correlated. In vivo relevance for in vitro CXCL-8 and endothelin-1 production was shown by correlations with forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted and CXCL-8 BALF levels. Conclusion Epithelial hyperresponsiveness is an intrinsic defect in BECs from asthma patients, which increases upon viral exposure, but not in BECs from healthy individuals. This epithelial hyperresponsiveness also applies to the bronchoconstrictor endothelin-1, which could be involved in airway obstruction. Epithelial hyperresponsiveness is an intrinsic defect in bronchial epithelium from asthma patients, which increases upon rhinovirus exposure, but not in healthy individualshttps://bit.ly/3xLhjuj
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Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gagliardo R, Anzalone G, Profita M. Impact of Air Pollution in Airway Diseases: Role of the Epithelial Cells (Cell Models and Biomarkers). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2799. [PMID: 35269941 PMCID: PMC8911203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research is multidisciplinary and often uses integrated approaches performing different experimental models with complementary functions. This approach is important to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms concerning the effects of environmental pollution on human health. The biological activity of the substances is investigated at least to three levels using molecular, cellular, and human tissue models. Each of these is able to give specific answers to experimental problems. A scientific approach, using biological methods (wet lab), cell cultures (cell lines or primary), isolated organs (three-dimensional cell cultures of primary epithelial cells), and animal organisms, including the human body, aimed to understand the effects of air pollution on the onset of diseases of the respiratory system. Biological methods are divided into three complementary models: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In vitro experiments do not require the use of whole organisms (in vivo study), while ex vivo experiments use isolated organs or parts of organs. The concept of complementarity and the informatic support are useful tools to organize, analyze, and interpret experimental data, with the aim of discussing scientific notions with objectivity and rationality in biology and medicine. In this scenario, the integrated and complementary use of different experimental models is important to obtain useful and global information that allows us to identify the effect of inhaled pollutants on the incidence of respiratory diseases in the exposed population. In this review, we focused our attention on the impact of air pollution in airway diseases with a rapid and descriptive analysis on the role of epithelium and on the experimental cell models useful to study the effect of toxicants on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
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Endres A, Hügel C, Boland H, Hogardt M, Schubert R, Jonigk D, Braubach P, Rohde G, Bellinghausen C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Affects Airway Epithelial Response and Barrier Function During Rhinovirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:846828. [PMID: 35265536 PMCID: PMC8899922 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.846828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is aggravated by recurrent and ultimately chronic bacterial infections. One of the key pathogens in adult CF lung disease is P. aeruginosa (PA). In addition to bacteria, respiratory viral infections are suggested to trigger pulmonary exacerbations in CF. To date, little is known on how chronic infections with PA influence susceptibility and response to viral infection. We investigated the interactions between PA, human rhinovirus (HRV) and the airway epithelium in a model of chronic PA infection using differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) and clinical PA isolates obtained from the respiratory sample of a CF patient. Cells were repeatedly infected with either a mucoid or a non-mucoid PA isolate for 16 days to simulate chronic infection, and subsequently co-infected with HRV. Key cytokines and viral RNA were quantified by cytometric bead array, ELISA and qPCR. Proteolytic degradation of IL-6 was analyzed by Western Blots. Barrier function was assessed by permeability tests and transepithelial electric resistance measurements. Virus infection stimulated the production of inflammatory and antiviral mediators, including interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and type I/III interferons. Co-infection with a non-mucoid PA isolate increased IL-1β protein concentrations (28.88 pg/ml vs. 6.10 pg/ml), but in contrast drastically diminished levels of IL-6 protein (53.17 pg/ml vs. 2301.33 pg/ml) compared to virus infection alone. Conditioned medium obtained from co-infections with a non-mucoid PA isolate and HRV was able to rapidly degrade recombinant IL-6 in a serine protease-dependent manner, whereas medium from individual infections or co-infections with a mucoid isolate had no such effect. After co-infection with HRV and the non-mucoid PA isolate, we detected lower mRNA levels of Forkhead box J1 (FOXJ1) and Cilia Apical Structure Protein (SNTN), markers of epithelial cell differentiation to ciliated cells. Moreover, epithelial permeability was increased and barrier function compromised compared to single infections. These data show that PA infection can influence the response of bronchial epithelial cells to viral infection. Altered innate immune responses and compromised epithelial barrier function may contribute to an aggravated course of viral infection in PA-infected airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Endres
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Hügel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helena Boland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Hogardt
- Consiliary Laboratory on Cystic Fibrosis Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carla Bellinghausen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Carla Bellinghausen,
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Ooka T, Raita Y, Ngo D, Mansbach JM, Zhu Z, Camargo CA, Hasegawa K. Proteome signature difference between respiratory viruses is associated with severity of bronchiolitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1869-1872. [PMID: 34314071 PMCID: PMC8561626 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Ooka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Health Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Raita
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Mansbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Lammers A, Brinkman P, te Nijenhuis LH, Vries R, Dagelet YWF, Duijvelaar E, Xu B, Abdel‐Aziz MI, Vijverberg SJ, Neerincx AH, Frey U, Lutter R, Maitland‐van der Zee AH, Sterk PJ, Sinha A. Increased day-to-day fluctuations in exhaled breath profiles after a rhinovirus challenge in asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:2488-2499. [PMID: 33704785 PMCID: PMC8360186 DOI: 10.1111/all.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Early detection/prediction of flare‐ups in asthma, commonly triggered by viruses, would enable timely treatment. Previous studies on exhaled breath analysis by electronic nose (eNose) technology could discriminate between stable and unstable episodes of asthma, using single/few time‐points. To investigate its monitoring properties during these episodes, we examined day‐to‐day fluctuations in exhaled breath profiles, before and after a rhinovirus‐16 (RV16) challenge, in healthy and asthmatic adults. Methods In this proof‐of‐concept study, 12 atopic asthmatic and 12 non‐atopic healthy adults were prospectively followed thrice weekly, 60 days before, and 30 days after a RV16 challenge. Exhaled breath profiles were detected using an eNose, consisting of 7 different sensors. Per sensor, individual means were calculated using pre‐challenge visits. Absolute deviations (|%|) from this baseline were derived for all visits. Within‐group comparisons were tested with Mann‐Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Finally, Spearman's correlations between the total change in eNose deviations and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), cold‐like symptoms, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were examined. Results Both groups had significantly increased eNose fluctuations post‐challenge, which in asthma started 1 day post‐challenge, before the onset of symptoms. Discrimination between pre‐ and post‐challenge reached an area under the ROC curve of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.65–0.99) in healthy and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.91–1.00) in asthmatic adults. The total change in eNose deviations moderately correlated with IL‐8 and TNFα (ρ ≈ .50–0.60) in asthmatics. Conclusion Electronic nose fluctuations rapidly increase after a RV16 challenge, with distinct differences between healthy and asthmatic adults, suggesting that this technology could be useful in monitoring virus‐driven unstable episodes in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Lammers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Louwrina H. te Nijenhuis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Vries
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Breathomix BV Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yennece W. F. Dagelet
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Erik Duijvelaar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Binbin Xu
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion Univ Montpellier IMT Mines Ales Ales France
| | - Mahmoud I. Abdel‐Aziz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Susanne J. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anne H. Neerincx
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel UKBB University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Rene Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J. Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anirban Sinha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Mancuso G, Midiri A, Beninati C, Zummo S, Biondo C. Protective role of IL-18 in host defenses against group B Streptococcus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:2657-2663. [PMID: 34218324 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-18, a member of the IL-1 family, in group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection. Both in a neonatal and adult model of GBS infection, IL-18-deficient animals were significantly more susceptible to infection than WT animals. The lack of IL18 was associated with a marked reduction in IFN-γ-levels after bacterial stimulation but did not play a significant role in the recruitment of PMN to sites of GBS infection. Collectively, our data document a fundamental function of IL-18 signaling in boosting the host immune responses against GBS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mancuso
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - A Midiri
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Beninati
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Zummo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Biondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Feng Y, Liu E. Detection of respiratory viruses and expression of inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Mongolia China. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e231134. [PMID: 34076157 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was estimated to be the third cause of global mortality by 2020. Acute exacerbation COPD (AECOPD) is a sudden worsening of COPD symptoms and could be due to virus/bacterial infections and air pollution. Increased expression of inflammatory markers in patients with AECOPD is associated with viral infection. This study aimed to detect different viruses and analyze the expression of various inflammatory markers associated with AECOPD patients. Three hundred and forty-seven patients diagnosed with COPD according to GOLD criteria were included in this study. Swab samples and blood were collected for the detection of viruses by RT-PCR and expression of inflammatory markers, respectively. Of the swab samples, 113 (32.6%) of samples were positive for virus detection. Of these, HRV (39.8%) was the predominant virus detected followed by FluB (27.4%) and FluA (22.1%). The presence of HRV was significantly higher (p=0.044) among the other detected viruses. When compared to healthy controls the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher (p<0.05) in virus-positive patients. The IL-6 and IL-8 were the next predominantly expressed in markers among the samples. The higher expression rate of IL-8 was significantly (p<0.05) associated with patients having COPD GOLD III severity level and smoking history. Although HRV was the predominant virus detected the combined prevalence of Influenza A and B surpassing the rate of HRV. The high-level expression of well known inflammatory markers of AECOPD, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 indicates a chronic severe illness. These markers play an important role and could be used as a marker for determining the severity of AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - E Liu
- Hulunbeier People's Hospital, Hulunbuir Clinical Medical College, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia 021008, China
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13
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Grytting VS, Refsnes M, Øvrevik J, Halle MS, Schönenberger J, van der Lelij R, Snilsberg B, Skuland T, Blom R, Låg M. Respirable stone particles differ in their ability to induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in cell models of the human airways. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33957952 PMCID: PMC8101231 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respirable stone- and mineral particles may be a major constituent in occupational and ambient air pollution and represent a possible health hazard. However, with exception of quartz and asbestos, little is known about the toxic properties of mineral particles. In the present study, the pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to six stone particle samples of different composition and with diameter below 10 μm were assessed in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT), THP-1 macrophages and a HBEC3-KT/THP-1 co-culture. Moreover, particle-induced lysis of human erythrocytes was assessed to determine the ability of the particles to lyse biological membranes. Finally, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed using a NLRP3-specific inhibitor and detection of ASC oligomers and cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β. A reference sample of pure α-quartz was included for comparison. Results Several stone particle samples induced a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-1β and TNFα. In HBEC3-KT, quartzite and anorthosite were the most cytotoxic stone particle samples and induced the highest levels of cytokines. Quartzite and anorthosite were also the most cytotoxic samples in THP-1 macrophages, while anorthosite and hornfels induced the highest cytokine responses. In comparison, few significant differences between particle samples were detected in the co-culture. Adjusting responses for differences in surface area concentrations did not fully account for the differences between particle samples. Moreover, the stone particles had low hemolytic potential, indicating that the effects were not driven by membrane lysis. Pre-incubation with a NLRP3-specific inhibitor reduced stone particle-induced cytokine responses in THP-1 macrophages, but not in HBEC3-KT cells, suggesting that the effects are mediated through different mechanisms in epithelial cells and macrophages. Particle exposure also induced an increase in ASC oligomers and cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β in THP-1 macrophages, confirming the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions The present study indicates that stone particles induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages, acting through NLRP3-independent and -dependent mechanisms, respectively. Moreover, some particle samples induced cytotoxicity and cytokine release to a similar or greater extent than α-quartz. Thus, these minerals warrant further attention in future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00409-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Tonje Skuland
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marit Låg
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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NLRP3-Inflammasome Inhibition during Respiratory Virus Infection Abrogates Lung Immunopathology and Long-Term Airway Disease Development. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040692. [PMID: 33923693 PMCID: PMC8072578 DOI: 10.3390/v13040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects most infants by two years of age. It can cause severe disease leading to an increased risk of developing asthma later in life. Previously, our group has shown that RSV infection in mice and infants promotes IL-1β production. Here, we characterized the role of NLRP3-Inflammasome activation during RSV infection in adult mice and neonates. We observed that the inhibition of NLRP3 activation using the small molecule inhibitor, MCC950, or in genetically modified NLRP3 knockout (Nlrp3−/−) mice during in vivo RSV infection led to decreased lung immunopathology along with a reduced expression of the mucus-associated genes and reduced production of innate cytokines (IL-1β, IL-33 and CCL2) linked to severe RSV disease while leading to significant increases in IFN-β. NLRP3-inflammasome inhibition or deletion diminished Th2 cytokines and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs. Furthermore, NLRP3 inhibition or deletion during early-life RSV infection led to reducing viral-exacerbated allergic response in a mouse model of RSV-induced allergy exacerbation. Here, we demonstrated the critical role of NLRP3-inflammasome activation in RSV immunopathology and the related long-term airway alteration. Moreover, these findings suggest the NLRP3-inflammasome as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate severe RSV disease and limit childhood asthma development.
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15
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Cavalli G, Colafrancesco S, Emmi G, Imazio M, Lopalco G, Maggio MC, Sota J, Dinarello CA. Interleukin 1α: a comprehensive review on the role of IL-1α in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102763. [PMID: 33482337 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-1α is a ubiquitous and pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine. The IL-1α precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cell types in health, but is released upon necrotic cell death as a bioactive mediator. IL-1α is also expressed by infiltrating myeloid cells within injured tissues. The cytokine binds the IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1), as does IL-1β, and induces the same pro-inflammatory effects. Being a bioactive precursor released upon tissue damage and necrotic cell death, IL-1α is central to the pathogenesis of numerous conditions characterized by organ or tissue inflammation. These include conditions affecting the lung and respiratory tract, dermatoses and inflammatory skin disorders, systemic sclerosis, myocarditis, pericarditis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, inflammatory thrombosis, as well as complex multifactorial conditions such as COVID-19, vasculitis and Kawasaki disease, Behcet's syndrome, Sjogren Syndrome, and cancer. This review illustrates the clinical relevance of IL-1α to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, as well as the rationale for the targeted inhibition of this cytokine for treatment of these conditions. Three biologics are available to reduce the activities of IL-1α; the monoclonal antibody bermekimab, the IL-1 soluble receptor rilonacept, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. These advances in mechanistic understanding and therapeutic management make it incumbent on physicians to be aware of IL-1α and of the opportunity for therapeutic inhibition of this cytokine in a broad spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy, and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Serena Colafrancesco
- Dipartimento of Clinical Sciences (Internal Medicine, Anesthesia and Resuscitation, and Cardiology), Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Imazio
- University Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Throracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lopalco
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Maggio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infantile Care, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jurgen Sota
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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16
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Robinson KS, Teo DET, Tan KS, Toh GA, Ong HH, Lim CK, Lay K, Au BV, Lew TS, Chu JJH, Chow VTK, Wang DY, Zhong FL, Reversade B. Enteroviral 3C protease activates the human NLRP1 inflammasome in airway epithelia. Science 2020; 370:eaay2002. [PMID: 33093214 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Immune sensor proteins are critical to the function of the human innate immune system. The full repertoire of cognate triggers for human immune sensors is not fully understood. Here, we report that human NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 1 (NLRP1) is activated by 3C proteases (3Cpros) of enteroviruses, such as human rhinovirus (HRV). 3Cpros directly cleave human NLRP1 at a single site between Glu130 and Gly131 This cleavage triggers N-glycine-mediated degradation of the autoinhibitory NLRP1 N-terminal fragment via the cullinZER1/ZYG11B complex, which liberates the activating C-terminal fragment. Infection of primary human airway epithelial cells by live human HRV triggers NLRP1-dependent inflammasome activation and interleukin-18 secretion. Our findings establish 3Cpros as a pathogen-derived trigger for the human NLRP1 inflammasome and suggest that NLRP1 may contribute to inflammatory diseases of the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Robinson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science, Technological and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Daniel Eng Thiam Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Gee Ann Toh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chrissie Kaishi Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Lay
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science, Technological and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Bijin Veonice Au
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Tian Sheng Lew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Vincent Tak Kwong Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Franklin L Zhong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore.
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science, Technological and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science, Technological and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
- The Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Carty M, Guy C, Bowie AG. Detection of Viral Infections by Innate Immunity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114316. [PMID: 33152343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammasomes are a key part of the anti-viral innate immune system as they detect conserved viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A successful host response to viral infections critically depend on the initial activation of PRRs by viruses, mainly by viral DNA and RNA. The signalling pathways activated by PRRs leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, to recruit immune cells, and type I and type III interferons which leads to the induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISG), powerful virus restriction factors that establish the "antiviral state". Inflammasomes contribute to anti-viral responses through the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 and through triggering pyroptotic cell death. The activity of the innate immune system along with the adaptive immune response normally leads to successful virus elimination, although disproportionate innate responses contribute to viral pathology. In this review we will discuss recent insights into the influence of PRR activation and inflammasomes on viral infections and what this means for the mammalian host. We will also comment on how specific PRRs and inflammasomes may be relevant to how SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, interacts with host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carty
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Coralie Guy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Han M, Ishikawa T, Bermick JR, Rajput C, Lei J, Goldsmith AM, Jarman CR, Lee J, Bentley JK, Hershenson MB. IL-1β prevents ILC2 expansion, type 2 cytokine secretion, and mucus metaplasia in response to early-life rhinovirus infection in mice. Allergy 2020; 75:2005-2019. [PMID: 32086822 DOI: 10.1111/all.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life wheezing-associated respiratory infection with human rhinovirus (RV) is associated with asthma development. RV infection of 6-day-old immature mice causes mucous metaplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness which is associated with the expansion of IL-13-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and dependent on IL-25 and IL-33. We examined regulation of this asthma-like phenotype by IL-1β. METHODS Six-day-old wild-type or NRLP3-/- mice were inoculated with sham or RV-A1B. Selected mice were treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), anti-IL-1β, or recombinant IL-1β. RESULTS Rhinovirus infection induced Il25, Il33, Il4, Il5, Il13, muc5ac, and gob5 mRNA expression, ILC2 expansion, mucus metaplasia, and airway hyperresponsiveness. RV also induced lung mRNA and protein expression of pro-IL-1β and NLRP3 as well as cleavage of caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β, indicating inflammasome priming and activation. Lung macrophages were a major source of IL-1β. Inhibition of IL-1β signaling with IL-1RA, anti-IL-1β, or NLRP3 KO increased RV-induced type 2 cytokine immune responses, ILC2 number, and mucus metaplasia, while decreasing IL-17 mRNA expression. Treatment with IL-1β had the opposite effect, decreasing IL-25, IL-33, and mucous metaplasia while increasing IL-17 expression. IL-1β and IL-17 each suppressed Il25, Il33, and muc5ac mRNA expression in cultured airway epithelial cells. Finally, RV-infected 6-day-old mice showed reduced IL-1β mRNA and protein expression compared to mature mice. CONCLUSION Macrophage IL-1β limits type 2 inflammation and mucous metaplasia following RV infection by suppressing epithelial cell innate cytokine expression. Reduced IL-1β production in immature animals provides a mechanism permitting asthma development after early-life viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Han
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Jennifer R. Bermick
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Charu Rajput
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Jing Lei
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Adam M. Goldsmith
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Caitlin R. Jarman
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Julie Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - J. Kelley Bentley
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
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19
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Skuland T, Låg M, Gutleb AC, Brinchmann BC, Serchi T, Øvrevik J, Holme JA, Refsnes M. Pro-inflammatory effects of crystalline- and nano-sized non-crystalline silica particles in a 3D alveolar model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:13. [PMID: 32316988 PMCID: PMC7175518 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are among the most widely manufactured and used nanoparticles. Concerns about potential health effects of SiNPs have therefore risen. Using a 3D tri-culture model of the alveolar lung barrier we examined effects of exposure to SiNPs (Si10) and crystalline silica (quartz; Min-U-Sil) in the apical compartment consisting of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages, as well as in the basolateral compartment with Ea.hy926 endothelial cells. Inflammation-related responses were measured by ELISA and gene expression. RESULTS Exposure to both Si10 and Min-U-Sil induced gene expression and release of CXCL8, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytokine/chemokine expression and protein levels were highest in the apical compartment. Si10 and Min-U-Sil also induced expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the apical compartment. In the basolateral endothelial compartment we observed marked, but postponed effects on expression of all these genes, but only at the highest particle concentrations. Geneexpressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the metalloproteases (MMP-1 and MMP-9) were less affected. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), markedly reduced effects of Si10 and Min-U-Sil exposures on gene expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, as well as cytokine-release in both compartments. CONCLUSIONS Si10 and Min-U-Sil induced gene expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/adhesion molecules at both the epithelial/macrophage and endothelial side of a 3D tri-culture. Responses in the basolateral endothelial cells were only induced at high concentrations, and seemed to be mediated by IL-1α/β released from the apical epithelial cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Skuland
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Låg
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Montgomery ST, Frey DL, Mall MA, Stick SM, Kicic A. Rhinovirus Infection Is Associated With Airway Epithelial Cell Necrosis and Inflammation via Interleukin-1 in Young Children With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:596. [PMID: 32328066 PMCID: PMC7161373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The responses of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelial cells (AEC) to rhinovirus (RV) infection are likely to contribute to early pathobiology of lung disease with increased neutrophilic inflammation and lower apoptosis reported. Necrosis of AEC resulting in airway inflammation driven by IL-1 signaling is a characteristic finding in CF detectable in airways of young children. Being the most common early-life infection, RV-induced epithelial necrosis may contribute to early neutrophilic inflammation in CF via IL-1 signaling. As little is known about IL-1 and biology of CF lung disease, this study assessed cellular and pro-inflammatory responses of CF and non-CF AEC following RV infection, with the hypothesis that RV infection drives epithelial necrosis and IL-1 driven inflammation. Methods:Primary AEC obtained from children with (n = 6) and without CF (n = 6) were infected with RV (MOI 3) for 24 h and viable, necrotic and apoptotic events quantified via flow cytometry using a seven-step gating strategy (% total events). IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-8, CXCL10, CCL5, IFN-β, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 were also measured in cell culture supernatants (pg/mL). Results:RV infection reduced viable events in non-CF AEC (p < 0.05), increased necrotic events in non-CF and CF AEC (p < 0.05) and increased apoptotic events in non-CF AEC (p < 0.05). Infection induced IL-1α and IL-1β production in both phenotypes (p < 0.05) but only correlated with necrosis (IL-1α: r = 0.80; IL-1β: r = 0.77; p < 0.0001) in CF AEC. RV infection also increased IL-1Ra in non-CF and CF AEC (p < 0.05), although significantly more in non-CF AEC (p < 0.05). Finally, infection stimulated IL-8 production in non-CF and CF AEC (p < 0.05) and correlated with IL-1α (r = 0.63 & r = 0.74 respectively; p < 0.0001). Conclusions:This study found RV infection drives necrotic cell death in CF AEC. Furthermore, RV induced IL-1 strongly correlated with necrotic cell death in these cells. As IL-1R signaling drives airway neutrophilia and mucin production, these observations suggest RV infection early in life may exacerbate inflammation and mucin accumulation driving early CF lung disease. Since IL-1R can be targeted therapeutically with IL-1Ra, these data suggest a new anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach targeting downstream effects of IL-1R signaling to mitigate viral-induced, muco-inflammatory triggers of early lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Montgomery
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Dario L Frey
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
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21
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Hudock KM, Collins MS, Imbrogno M, Snowball J, Kramer EL, Brewington JJ, Gollomp K, McCarthy C, Ostmann AJ, Kopras EJ, Davidson CR, Srdiharan A, Arumugam P, Sengupta S, Xu Y, Worthen GS, Trapnell BC, Clancy JP. Neutrophil extracellular traps activate IL-8 and IL-1 expression in human bronchial epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L137-L147. [PMID: 32159969 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00144.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide host defense but can contribute to the pathobiology of diverse human diseases. We sought to determine the extent and mechanism by which NETs contribute to human airway cell inflammation. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) grown at air-liquid interface and wild-type (wt)CFBE41o- cells (expressing wtCFTR) were exposed to cell-free NETs from unrelated healthy volunteers for 18 h in vitro. Cytokines were measured in the apical supernatant by Luminex, and the effect on the HBE transcriptome was assessed by RNA sequencing. NETs consistently stimulated IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1α secretion by HBEs from multiple donors, with variable effects on other cytokines (IL-6, G-CSF, and GM-CSF). Expression of HBE RNAs encoding IL-1 family cytokines, particularly IL-36 subfamily members, was increased in response to NETs. NET exposure in the presence of anakinra [recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1RA)] dampened NET-induced changes in IL-8 and TNF-α proteins as well as IL-36α RNA. rhIL-36RA limited the increase in expression of proinflammatory cytokine RNAs in HBEs exposed to NETs. NETs selectively upregulate an IL-1 family cytokine response in HBEs, which enhances IL-8 production and is limited by rhIL-1RA. The present findings describe a unique mechanism by which NETs may contribute to inflammation in human lung disease in vivo. NET-driven IL-1 signaling may represent a novel target for modulating inflammation in diseases characterized by a substantial NET burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hudock
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Margaret S Collins
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle Imbrogno
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Snowball
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth L Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John J Brewington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kandace Gollomp
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alicia J Ostmann
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth J Kopras
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Cynthia R Davidson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anusha Srdiharan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Paritha Arumugam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shaon Sengupta
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce C Trapnell
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Paul Clancy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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22
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Saper VE, Chen G, Deutsch GH, Guillerman RP, Birgmeier J, Jagadeesh K, Canna S, Schulert G, Deterding R, Xu J, Leung AN, Bouzoubaa L, Abulaban K, Baszis K, Behrens EM, Birmingham J, Casey A, Cidon M, Cron RQ, De A, De Benedetti F, Ferguson I, Fishman MP, Goodman SI, Graham TB, Grom AA, Haines K, Hazen M, Henderson LA, Ho A, Ibarra M, Inman CJ, Jerath R, Khawaja K, Kingsbury DJ, Klein-Gitelman M, Lai K, Lapidus S, Lin C, Lin J, Liptzin DR, Milojevic D, Mombourquette J, Onel K, Ozen S, Perez M, Phillippi K, Prahalad S, Radhakrishna S, Reinhardt A, Riskalla M, Rosenwasser N, Roth J, Schneider R, Schonenberg-Meinema D, Shenoi S, Smith JA, Sönmez HE, Stoll ML, Towe C, Vargas SO, Vehe RK, Young LR, Yang J, Desai T, Balise R, Lu Y, Tian L, Bejerano G, Davis MM, Khatri P, Mellins ED. Emergent high fatality lung disease in systemic juvenile arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1722-1731. [PMID: 31562126 PMCID: PMC7065839 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of a novel parenchymal lung disease (LD), increasingly detected in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). METHODS In a multicentre retrospective study, 61 cases were investigated using physician-reported clinical information and centralised analyses of radiological, pathological and genetic data. RESULTS LD was associated with distinctive features, including acute erythematous clubbing and a high frequency of anaphylactic reactions to the interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitor, tocilizumab. Serum ferritin elevation and/or significant lymphopaenia preceded LD detection. The most prevalent chest CT pattern was septal thickening, involving the periphery of multiple lobes ± ground-glass opacities. The predominant pathology (23 of 36) was pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and/or endogenous lipoid pneumonia (PAP/ELP), with atypical features including regional involvement and concomitant vascular changes. Apparent severe delayed drug hypersensitivity occurred in some cases. The 5-year survival was 42%. Whole exome sequencing (20 of 61) did not identify a novel monogenic defect or likely causal PAP-related or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)-related mutations. Trisomy 21 and young sJIA onset increased LD risk. Exposure to IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors (46 of 61) was associated with multiple LD features. By several indicators, severity of sJIA was comparable in drug-exposed subjects and published sJIA cohorts. MAS at sJIA onset was increased in the drug-exposed, but was not associated with LD features. CONCLUSIONS A rare, life-threatening lung disease in sJIA is defined by a constellation of unusual clinical characteristics. The pathology, a PAP/ELP variant, suggests macrophage dysfunction. Inhibitor exposure may promote LD, independent of sJIA severity, in a small subset of treated patients. Treatment/prevention strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian E Saper
- Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Guangbo Chen
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Canna
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Grant Schulert
- Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robin Deterding
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jianpeng Xu
- Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ann N Leung
- Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Layla Bouzoubaa
- Public Health Services, Biostatistics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Khalid Abulaban
- Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin Baszis
- Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Birmingham
- Medicine, Metro Health Hospital, Wyoming, Michigan, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alicia Casey
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michal Cidon
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Randy Q Cron
- Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aliva De
- Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ian Ferguson
- Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martha P Fishman
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven I Goodman
- Arthritis Associates of South Florida, Delray Beach, Florida, USA
| | - T Brent Graham
- Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexei A Grom
- Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathleen Haines
- Joseph M Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa Hazen
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren A Henderson
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Assunta Ho
- Pediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Maria Ibarra
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Christi J Inman
- Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rita Jerath
- Children's Hospital of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Khulood Khawaja
- Pediatrics, Al Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Marisa Klein-Gitelman
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Khanh Lai
- Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sivia Lapidus
- Joseph M Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Clara Lin
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenny Lin
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
- Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Deborah R Liptzin
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diana Milojevic
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Joy Mombourquette
- Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, California, USA
| | - Karen Onel
- Pediatrics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seza Ozen
- Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Perez
- Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn Phillippi
- Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Suhas Radhakrishna
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
- Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adam Reinhardt
- Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mona Riskalla
- Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Natalie Rosenwasser
- Pediatrics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Roth
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rayfel Schneider
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dieneke Schonenberg-Meinema
- Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Shenoi
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Judith A Smith
- Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Matthew L Stoll
- Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher Towe
- Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard K Vehe
- Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacqueline Yang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tushar Desai
- Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Raymond Balise
- Public Health Services, Biostatistics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ying Lu
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gill Bejerano
- Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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23
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Scambler T, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Lara-Reyna S, Pathak S, Wong C, Holbrook J, Martinon F, Savic S, Peckham D, McDermott MF. ENaC-mediated sodium influx exacerbates NLRP3-dependent inflammation in cystic fibrosis. eLife 2019; 8:49248. [PMID: 31532390 PMCID: PMC6764826 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). These changes alter fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and result in an exaggerated proinflammatory response driven, in part, by infection. We tested the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ENaC upregulation drives exaggerated innate-immune responses in this multisystem disease. We identify an enhanced proinflammatory signature, as evidenced by increased levels of IL-18, IL-1β, caspase-1 activity and ASC-speck release in monocytes, epithelia and serum with CF-associated mutations; these differences were reversed by pretreatment with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and notably, inhibition of amiloride-sensitive sodium (Na+) channels. Overexpression of β-ENaC, in the absence of CFTR dysfunction, increased NLRP3-mediated inflammation, indicating that dysregulated, ENaC-dependent signalling may drive exaggerated inflammatory responses in CF. These data support a role for sodium in modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scambler
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Shelly Pathak
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Wong
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Holbrook
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Martinon
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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24
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Huang X, Huang Q, He Y, Chen S, Li T. Mycophenolic acid enhanced lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-18 release in THP-1 cells via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:521-526. [PMID: 31429348 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1652913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has important functions in host defense. The maturation and secretion of IL-18 has been shown to be regulated by the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), in association with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is able to promote the secretion of IL-18, but the mechanism remains unknown. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which MPA synergizes with LPS to induced IL-18 release. Methods: THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS and MPA and treated with or without the inhibitors of caspase-1, Ac-YVAD-cmk or KCl; IL-18 in the supernatants was measured by ELISA. The intracellular protein levels of NF-κB p-p65, pro-IL-18, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1(p20) were measured by Western blot. Results: We found that MPA alone failed to induce IL-18, whereas MPA enhanced LPS-mediated IL-18 release. MPA did not affect the intracellular protein levels of NF-κB p-p65 or pro-IL-18 but activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ac-YVAD-cmk or increasing extracellular K+ blocked the activation of caspase-1 and attenuated the release of IL-18. Conclusions: Taken together, MPA synergized with LPS to induce the release of IL-18 via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and increasing the degradation of pro-IL-18, rather than by enhancing the production of pro-IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , PR China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Qidang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , PR China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Shuyang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , PR China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Tianwang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , PR China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
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25
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Han M, Bentley JK, Rajput C, Lei J, Ishikawa T, Jarman CR, Lee J, Goldsmith AM, Jackson WT, Hoenerhoff MJ, Lewis TC, Hershenson MB. Inflammasome activation is required for human rhinovirus-induced airway inflammation in naive and allergen-sensitized mice. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:958-968. [PMID: 31089187 PMCID: PMC6668626 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the inflammasome is a key function of the innate immune response that regulates inflammation in response to microbial substances. Inflammasome activation by human rhinovirus (RV), a major cause of asthma exacerbations, has not been well studied. We examined whether RV induces inflammasome activation in vivo, molecular mechanisms underlying RV-stimulated inflammasome priming and activation, and the contribution of inflammasome activation to RV-induced airway inflammation and exacerbation. RV infection triggered lung mRNA and protein expression of pro-IL-1β and NLRP3, indicative of inflammasome priming, as well as cleavage of caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β, completing inflammasome activation. Immunofluorescence staining showed IL-1β in lung macrophages. Depletion with clodronate liposomes and adoptive transfer experiments showed macrophages to be required and sufficient for RV-induced inflammasome activation. TLR2 was required for RV-induced inflammasome priming in vivo. UV irradiation blocked inflammasome activation and RV genome was sufficient for inflammasome activation in primed cells. Naive and house dust mite-treated NLRP3-/- and IL-1β-/- mice, as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist-treated mice, showed attenuated airway inflammation and responsiveness following RV infection. We conclude that RV-induced inflammasome activation is required for maximal airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in naive and allergic mice. The inflammasome represents a molecular target for RV-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Han
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - J. Kelley Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Charu Rajput
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Caitlin R. Jarman
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Julie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Adam M. Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William T. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Mark J. Hoenerhoff
- Department of Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Toby C. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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26
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Protective effect of Ketone musk on LPS/ATP-induced pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells through suppressing NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:328-335. [PMID: 30952097 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a different type of proinflammatory and lytic mode of cell death from apoptosis and necrosis, which play a killer and cleaner to the pathogenic microorganisms as an immune response when the host is infected by pathogenic microorganisms. Ketone musk (KM) is a component of the native musk, which is widely used to medicine and chemical engineering. In this research, we studied whether KM can suppress the pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells induced by lipopoysaccharide (LPS)/Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) stimulation. The results showed that KM increased the viability of LPS/ATP-stimulated cells, decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-1β/18, and suppressed the activation of caspased-1 and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Our present study demonstrated that KM inhibited LPS/ATP-induced pyroptosis and the release of IL-1β/18 in J774A.1 cells by inhibiting the activation of GSDMD and caspase-1 and the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our finding may be of significance on investigating that KM has a positive potential application in the treatment of pyroptosis-mediated diseases.
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27
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DUSP10 Negatively Regulates the Inflammatory Response to Rhinovirus through Interleukin-1β Signaling. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01659-18. [PMID: 30333178 PMCID: PMC6321923 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01659-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral infections, including those with rhinovirus, are the commonest cause of exacerbations. Novel therapeutics to limit viral inflammation are clearly required. The work presented here identifies DUSP10 as an important protein involved in limiting the inflammatory response in the airway without affecting immune control of the virus. Rhinoviral infection is a common trigger of the excessive inflammation observed during exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rhinovirus (RV) recognition by pattern recognition receptors activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which are common inducers of inflammatory gene production. A family of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) can regulate MAPK function, but their roles in rhinoviral infection are not known. We hypothesized that DUSPs would negatively regulate the inflammatory response to RV infection. Our results revealed that the p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs play key roles in the inflammatory response of epithelial cells to RV infection. Three DUSPs previously shown to have roles in innate immunity (DUSPs 1, 4, and 10) were expressed in primary bronchial epithelial cells, and one of them, DUSP10, was downregulated by RV infection. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of DUSP10 identified a role for the protein in negatively regulating inflammatory cytokine production in response to interleukin-1β (IL-1β), alone and in combination with RV, without any effect on RV replication. This study identifies DUSP10 as an important regulator of airway inflammation in respiratory viral infection. IMPORTANCE Rhinoviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral infections, including those with rhinovirus, are the commonest cause of exacerbations. Novel therapeutics to limit viral inflammation are clearly required. The work presented here identifies DUSP10 as an important protein involved in limiting the inflammatory response in the airway without affecting immune control of the virus.
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Huang XC, He Y, Zhuang J, He J, Luo GH, Han JC, Sun EW. Mycophenolic Acid Synergizing with Lipopolysaccharide to Induce Interleukin-1β Release via Activation of Caspase-1. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1533-1540. [PMID: 29941706 PMCID: PMC6032679 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.235116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The previous study showed that mycophenolic acid (MPA) synergizing with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promoted interleukin (IL)-1β release, but the mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of MPA synergizing with LPS to induce IL-1β release. Methods Undiluted human blood cells, THP-1 human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1) cells, or monocytes were stimulated with LPS and treated with or without MPA, and the supernatant IL-1β was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA levels of IL-1β were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The intracellular protein levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phospho-p65 (p-p65), precursor interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β), NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3), and cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease-1 (caspase-1) p20 in THP-1 cell were measured by Western blot. Results The MPA alone failed to induce IL-1β, whereas MPA synergized with LPS to increase IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner (685.00 ± 20.00 pg/ml in LPS + 5 μmol/L MPA group, P = 0.035; 742.00 ± 31.58 pg/ml in LPS + 25 μmol/L MPA group, P = 0.017; 1000.00 ± 65.59 pg/ml in LPS + 75 μmol/L MPA group, P = 0.024; versus 408.00 ± 35.50 pg/ml in LPS group). MPA alone has no effect on the IL-1β mRNA expression, LPS induced the expression of IL-1β mRNA 2761 fold, and LPS + MPA increased the IL-1β expression 3018 fold, which had the same effect with LPS group (P = 0.834). MPA did not affect the intracellular NF-κB p-p65 and pro-IL-1β protein levels but activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Ac-YVAD-cmk blocked the activation of caspase-1 and subsequently attenuated IL-1β secretion (181.00 ± 45.24 pg/ml in LPS + MPA + YVAD group vs. 588.00 ± 41.99 pg/ml in LPS + MPA group, P = 0.014). Conclusions Taken together, MPA synergized with LPS to induce IL-1β release via the activation of caspase-1, rather than the enhanced production of pro-IL-1β. These findings suggested that patients immunosuppressed with mycophenolate mofetil may have overly activated caspase-1 during infection, which might contribute to a more sensitive host defense response to invading germs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chan Huang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Juan He
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Gui-Hu Luo
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiao-Chan Han
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Er-Wei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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New perspectives on IL-33 and IL-1 family cytokines as innate environmental sensors. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1345-1353. [PMID: 30301844 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines are important initiators of innate immunity and host defence; however, their uncontrolled activities can cause tissue-damaging inflammation. Consequently, IL-1 family cytokines have sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to control their activities including proteolytic processing for their activation and the deployment of soluble receptors and receptor antagonists to limit their activities. IL-33 is a promoter of type 2 immunity and allergic inflammation through its alarmin activity that can rapidly initiate local immune responses by stimulating innate immune cells following exposure to environmental insults, pathogens, or sterile injury. Recent publications have provided new insights into how the range and duration of IL-33 activity is regulated by direct sensing of host-derived and exogenous proteolytic activities as well as oxidative changes during tissue damage. Here, we discuss how this impacts our understanding of the roles of IL-33 in initiating immune responses and the evidence that these sensing mechanisms might regulate the activities of other IL-1 family cytokines and their biological functions. Finally, we discuss translational challenges these discoveries pose for the accurate detection of different forms of these cytokines.
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Jinxin oral liquid inhibits human respiratory syncytial virus-induced excessive inflammation associated with blockade of the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1376-1383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Liu Z, Qu M, Yu L, Song P, Chang Y. Artesunate Inhibits Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion-Mediated Remote Lung Inflammation Through Attenuating ROS-Induced Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Inflammation 2018; 41:1546-1556. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Induction of innate host responses characterized by production of interleukin (IL)-1β and recruitment of macrophages to the respiratory tract of chickens following infection with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Vet Microbiol 2018; 215:1-10. [PMID: 29426399 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection is a major cause of economic losses to the poultry industry. Due to limitations in current control measures, alternative approaches, based on thorough understanding of the host responses are required. As one of the key component of the avian immune system, the innate immune system has a crucial role in limiting virus replication at the initial stage of the infection. As parts of the innate host response, macrophages and cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, are critical components as shown in other host-virus infection models. Since information on the importance of macrophages and IL-1β in IBV infection in chickens is limited, our objective was to determine the association of IL-1β, originating from avian macrophages and IBV infection in the trachea and lung. Following experimental IBV infection in 6 days old chickens, we found increased production of IL-1β and increased recruitment of macrophages in the respiratory tract. Towards the end of the study (5 and 7 days following the IBV infection), the recruited macrophages appear to be a significant source IL-1β. However, only the recruitment of macrophages in the lung correlated with IBV genome loads in this tissue. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that recruitment of macrophages and the production of IL-1β originating from macrophages, as well as other sources, occur following IBV infection in the respiratory tract suggesting potential roles of these mediators in the host responses to IBV infection. However, further studies are warranted to elucidate whether macrophages and IL-1β are the causes of reduced IBV genome loads in the respiratory tract and also to investigate whether immune mediators that were not measured in the current study were involved in reducing IBV genome load in the respiratory tract towards the end of the study.
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Charron CE, Russell P, Ito K, Lea S, Kizawa Y, Brindley C, Singh D. RV568, a narrow-spectrum kinase inhibitor with p38 MAPK-α and -γ selectivity, suppresses COPD inflammation. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/4/1700188. [PMID: 29074542 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00188-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel anti-inflammatory approaches targeting chronically activated kinase pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are needed. We evaluated RV568, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-α and -γ and SRC family kinase inhibitor, in cellular and in vivo models relevant to COPD and examined its safety and efficacy in COPD patients.The anti-inflammatory activities of RV568 were tested in primary cultured monocytes, macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells and in vivo in lipopolysaccharide and cigarette smoke-exposed murine models. RV568 was evaluated in a 14-day trial in COPD patients.RV568 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects in monocytes and macrophages, which were often greater than those of corticosteroids or the p38 inhibitor Birb796. RV568 combined with corticosteroid had anti-inflammatory effects suggestive of a synergistic interaction in poly I:C-stimulated BEAS-2B cells and in the cigarette smoke model. In COPD patients, inhaled RV568 (50 µg and 100 µg) improved pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (69 mL and 48 mL respectively) and significantly reduced sputum malondialdehyde (p<0.05) compared to placebo, although there were no changes in sputum cell counts. Adverse events during RV568 and placebo treatment were similar.RV568 shows potent anti-inflammatory effects on cell and animal models relevant to COPD. RV568 was well-tolerated and demonstrated a modest clinical benefit in a 14-day COPD clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Russell
- RespiVert Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- RespiVert Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Simon Lea
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yasuo Kizawa
- Dept of Physiology and Anatomy, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Funabashi, Japan
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Vandini S, Calamelli E, Faldella G, Lanari M. Immune and inflammatory response in bronchiolitis due to respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus infections in infants. Paediatr Respir Rev 2017; 24:60-64. [PMID: 28159510 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis is a common disease in infancy, mostly due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus. In addition to acute infection, viral bronchiolitis is responsible for sequelae including recurrent wheezing and asthma. The analysis of the viral characteristics and of the pathogenesis of the infection shows differences between the two viruses that may be helpful for the development of therapies and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vandini
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Imola Hospital, Via Montericco, 4 Imola, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Calamelli
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Imola Hospital, Via Montericco, 4 Imola, Italy; PhD Programme, General Medical and Services Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Faldella
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 11, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 11, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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35
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Briend E, Ferguson GJ, Mori M, Damera G, Stephenson K, Karp NA, Sethi S, Ward CK, Sleeman MA, Erjefält JS, Finch DK. IL-18 associated with lung lymphoid aggregates drives IFNγ production in severe COPD. Respir Res 2017; 18:159. [PMID: 28830544 PMCID: PMC5568255 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased interferon gamma (IFNγ) release occurs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) lungs. IFNγ supports optimal viral clearance, but if dysregulated could increase lung tissue destruction. Methods The present study investigates which mediators most closely correlate with IFNγ in sputum in stable and exacerbating disease, and seeks to shed light on the spatial requirements for innate production of IFNγ, as reported in mouse lymph nodes, to observe whether such microenvironmental cellular organisation is relevant to IFNγ production in COPD lung. Results We show tertiary follicle formation in severe disease alters the dominant mechanistic drivers of IFNγ production, because cells producing interleukin-18, a key regulator of IFNγ, are highly associated with such structures. Interleukin-1 family cytokines correlated with IFNγ in COPD sputum. We observed that the primary source of IL-18 in COPD lungs was myeloid cells within lymphoid aggregates and IL-18 was increased in severe disease. IL-18 released from infected epithelium or from activated myeloid cells, was more dominant in driving IFNγ when IL-18-producing and responder cells were in close proximity. Conclusions Unlike tight regulation to control infection spread in lymphoid organs, this local interface between IL-18-expressing and responder cell is increasingly supported in lung as disease progresses, increasing its potential to increase tissue damage via IFNγ. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0641-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Briend
- MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.,Present address: Agenus Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Michiko Mori
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gautam Damera
- MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Stephenson
- MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.,Present address: University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Natasha A Karp
- Quantitative Biology IMED, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3495 Bailey Avenue, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA
| | - Christine K Ward
- MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.,Present address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Donna K Finch
- MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
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Yin T, Zhu Z, Mei Z, Feng J, Zhang W, He Y, Shi J, Qian L, Liu Y, Huang Q, Hu Y, Jie Z. Analysis of viral infection and biomarkers in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2017; 12:1228-1239. [PMID: 28586150 PMCID: PMC7162408 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate viral infection in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Shanghai, and to analyze the clinical characteristics and biomarkers in viral infection. METHODS This study included all consecutive patients who were admitted for a diagnosis of AECOPD during June 2013 to May 2015. Thirty-one stable COPD patients and 31 healthy controls were also recruited. Oropharyngeal samples were assessed, PCR for respiratory viruses were performed. Patients were divided into AECOPD virus-positive (+) group and AECOPD virus-negative (-) group according to viral detection. Luminex was used to detect the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the serum. RESULTS A total of 264 patients were included with a mean age of 75 ± 0.5 years. There were 72 patients (27.3%) identified with viral positive, of whom two patients were detected with double viral infections (FluA + FluB and RSVA + HRV, respectively). The rate of viral detection was associated with season, highest in winter. Comparisons of clinical characteristics showed no significant differences between AECOPD virus+ group and AECOPD virus- group. However, serum concentrations of interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in virus+ AECOPD patients were significantly higher than those in the virus- AECOPD, stable COPD and healthy control groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION Viral infection was an important pathogen in AECOPD patients; the most common viruses included FluA, HRV and FluB. It was very difficult to diagnose the viral infection according to clinical characteristics. The increased of serum IP-10 and IFN-γ levels might be value to indicate viral infection in AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiping Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoufang Mei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanju Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanchao He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jindong Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihui Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunwen Hu
- Department of Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bucher H, Mang S, Keck M, Przibilla M, Lamb DJ, Schiele F, Wittenbrink M, Fuchs K, Jung B, Erb KJ, Peter D. Neutralization of both IL-1α/IL-1β plays a major role in suppressing combined cigarette smoke/virus-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 44:96-105. [PMID: 28315490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is an important risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and viral infections are believed to be major triggers of exacerbations, which periodically lead to a worsening of symptoms. The pro-inflammatory IL-1 family members IL-1α and IL-1β are increased in COPD patients and might contribute to disease pathology. We investigated whether individual or combined inhibition of these cytokines reduced lung inflammation in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed and H1N1-infected BALB/c mice. Animals were treated with individual or combined antibodies (Abs) directed against IL-1α, IL-1β or IL-1R1. Cells in BAL fluid and cytokines/chemokines in lung homogenate were determined. The viral load was investigated. Blocking IL-1α had significant suppressive effects on total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Furthermore, it reduced KC levels significantly. Blocking of IL-1β did not provide significant activity. In primary human bronchial epithelial air-liquid-interface cell cultures infected with H1N1, IL-1α Abs but not IL-1β Abs reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Concomitant usage of Abs against IL-1α/IL-1β revealed strong effects in vivo and reduced total cells, neutrophils and macrophages. Additionally, levels of KC, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1α and MIP-1β were significantly reduced and ICAM-1 and MUC5 A/C mRNA expression was attenuated. The viral load decreased significantly upon combined IL-1α/IL-1β Ab treatment. Blocking the IL-1R1 provided significant effects on total cells, neutrophils and macrophages but was inferior compared to inhibiting both its soluble ligands IL-1α/IL-1β. Our results suggest that combined inhibition of IL-1α/IL-1β might be beneficial to reduce CS/H1N1-induced airway inflammation. Moreover, combined targeting of both IL-1α/IL-1β might be more efficient compared to individual neutralization IL-1α or IL-1β or inhibition of the IL-1R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bucher
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Samuel Mang
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martina Keck
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Michèl Przibilla
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - David J Lamb
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Felix Schiele
- Immune-Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Mareike Wittenbrink
- Immune-Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Klaus Fuchs
- Immune-Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Birgit Jung
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Klaus J Erb
- Immune-Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Daniel Peter
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Wittekindt OH. Tight junctions in pulmonary epithelia during lung inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:135-147. [PMID: 27921210 PMCID: PMC5203840 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases like asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergic airway inflammation are widespread public diseases that constitute an enormous burden to the health systems. Mainly classified as inflammatory diseases, the treatment focuses on strategies interfering with local inflammatory responses by the immune system. Inflammatory lung diseases predispose patients to severe lung failures like alveolar oedema, respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. These life-threatening syndromes are caused by increased permeability of the alveolar and airway epithelium and exudate formation. However, the mechanism underlying epithelium barrier breakdown in the lung during inflammation is elusive. This review emphasises the role of the tight junction of the airway epithelium as the predominating structure conferring epithelial tightness and preventing exudate formation and the impact of inflammatory perturbations on their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H Wittekindt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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39
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Jiang D, Berman R, Wu Q, Stevenson C, Chu HW. The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Rhinovirus-infected Human Airway Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 28191362 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive airway inflammation is seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experiencing acute exacerbations, which are often associated with human rhinovirus (HRV) infection. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) has anti-inflammatory function in endothelial cells and monocytes, but its anti-inflammatory effect has not been investigated in COPD airway epithelial cells. We determined A1AT's anti-inflammatory function in COPD airway epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms such as the role of caspase-1. METHODS Brushed bronchial epithelial cells from COPD and normal subjects were cultured at air-liquid interface and treated with A1AT or bovine serum albumin (BSA, control) two hours prior to whole cigarette smoke (WCS) or air exposure, followed by HRV-16 infection. After 24 hours of viral infection, cell supernatants were collected for measuring IL-8, and cells were examined for caspase-1. The in vivo anti-inflammatory function of A1AT was determined by infecting mice intranasally with HRV-1B followed by aerosolized A1AT or BSA. RESULTS A1AT significantly reduced WCS and HRV-16-induced IL-8 production in normal and COPD airway epithelial cells. COPD cells are less sensitive to A1AT's anti-inflammatory effect than normal cells. A1AT exerted the anti-inflammatory function in part via reducing caspase-1 in normal cells, but not in COPD cells. In mice, A1AT significantly reduced HRV-1B induced lung neutrophilic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS A1AT exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in cigarette smoke-exposed and HRV-infected human airway epithelial cells, which may be related to its inhibitory effect on caspase-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Ganesan S, Pham D, Jing Y, Farazuddin M, Hudy MH, Unger B, Comstock AT, Proud D, Lauring AS, Sajjan US. TLR2 Activation Limits Rhinovirus-Stimulated CXCL-10 by Attenuating IRAK-1-Dependent IL-33 Receptor Signaling in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2409-20. [PMID: 27503209 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the major target for rhinovirus (RV) infection and express proinflammatory chemokines and antiviral cytokines that play a role in innate immunity. Previously, we demonstrated that RV interaction with TLR2 causes ILR-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) depletion in both airway epithelial cells and macrophages. Further, IRAK-1 degradation caused by TLR2 activation was shown to inhibit ssRNA-induced IFN expression in dendritic cells. Therefore, in this study, we examined the role of TLR2 and IRAK-1 in RV-induced IFN-β, IFN-λ1, and CXCL-10, which require signaling by viral RNA. In airway epithelial cells, blocking TLR2 enhanced RV-induced expression of IFNs and CXCL-10. By contrast, IRAK-1 inhibition abrogated RV-induced expression of CXCL-10, but not IFNs in these cells. Neutralization of IL-33 or its receptor, ST2, which requires IRAK-1 for signaling, inhibited RV-stimulated CXCL-10 expression. In addition, RV induced expression of both ST2 and IL-33 in airway epithelial cells. In macrophages, however, RV-stimulated CXCL-10 expression was primarily dependent on TLR2/IL-1R. Interestingly, in a mouse model of RV infection, blocking ST2 not only attenuated RV-induced CXCL-10, but also lung inflammation. Finally, influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus-induced CXCL-10 was also found to be partially dependent on IL-33/ST2/IRAK-1 signaling in airway epithelial cells. Together, our results indicate that RV stimulates CXCL-10 expression via the IL-33/ST2 signaling axis, and that TLR2 signaling limits RV-induced CXCL-10 via IRAK-1 depletion at least in airway epithelial cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the role of respiratory virus-induced IL-33 in the induction of CXCL-10 in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Ganesan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Duc Pham
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yaxun Jing
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mohammad Farazuddin
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Magdalena H Hudy
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Unger
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Adam T Comstock
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David Proud
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Adam S Lauring
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Uma S Sajjan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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Hill AR, Donaldson JE, Blume C, Smithers N, Tezera L, Tariq K, Dennison P, Rupani H, Edwards MJ, Howarth PH, Grainge C, Davies DE, Swindle EJ. IL-1α mediates cellular cross-talk in the airway epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1206378. [PMID: 27583193 PMCID: PMC4993579 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1206378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bronchial epithelium and underlying fibroblasts form an epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) which controls the airway microenvironment. We hypothesized that cell-cell communication within the EMTU propagates and amplifies the innate immune response to respiratory viral infections. EMTU co-culture models incorporating polarized (16HBE14o-) or differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and fibroblasts were challenged with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or rhinovirus. In the polarized EMTU model, dsRNA affected ionic but not macromolecular permeability or cell viability. Compared with epithelial monocultures, dsRNA-stimulated pro-inflammatory mediator release was synergistically enhanced in the basolateral compartment of the EMTU model, with the exception of IL-1α which was unaffected by the presence of fibroblasts. Blockade of IL-1 signaling with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) completely abrogated dsRNA-induced basolateral release of mediators except CXCL10. Fibroblasts were the main responders to epithelial-derived IL-1 since exogenous IL-1α induced pro-inflammatory mediator release from fibroblast but not epithelial monocultures. Our findings were confirmed in a differentiated EMTU model where rhinovirus infection of primary HBECs and fibroblasts resulted in synergistic induction of basolateral IL-6 that was significantly abrogated by IL-1Ra. This study provides the first direct evidence of integrated IL-1 signaling within the EMTU to propagate inflammatory responses to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Hill
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica E Donaldson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Natalie Smithers
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Liku Tezera
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Kamran Tariq
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick Dennison
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Hitasha Rupani
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Peter H Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher Grainge
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of human rhinovirus infection in critically ill patients. J Clin Virol 2016; 77:85-91. [PMID: 26921740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rhinovirus (HRV) is frequently detected in patients with respiratory tract infection. However, the full clinical spectrum of HRV infection in critically ill patients is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical and virological characteristics of critically ill patients with HRV infection. STUDY DESIGN HRV-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) specimens from 294 adult patients who required admission into the intensive care unit (ICU). Clinical characteristics were analyzed. HRV genotyping using the 5'UTR-VP4-VP2 region was performed. RESULTS HRV was detected in NPA specimens of 22 patients (7.5%) by RT-PCR. Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom (16/22; 72.7%), but seizure also occurred in 5 (22.7%) patients. Exacerbation of underlying disease occurred in 12 (54.5%) patients. Four (18.2%) patients died, and HRV was considered to play a role as the cause of death in 3 patients. Thirteen (59.1%) patients had pneumonia, and the most common radiological finding was consolidation (6/13; 46.2%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common co-pathogen among patients with pneumonia. Among the 9 patients without pneumonia, 3 patients had exacerbation of underlying lung diseases, 3 patients had acute pulmonary edema, 2 patients with diabetes mellitus had acute complications from poor glycemic control, and 1 patient had status epilepticus. HRV-A was the most common species (64.3%), but there was no clear relationship between HRV species and clinical presentation. CONCLUSION Both pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of HRV were common in critically ill patients.
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Alves MP, Schögler A, Ebener S, Vielle NJ, Casaulta C, Jung A, Moeller A, Geiser T, Regamey N. Comparison of innate immune responses towards rhinovirus infection of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Respirology 2015; 21:304-12. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco P. Alves
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Aline Schögler
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Simone Ebener
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Nathalie J. Vielle
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Carmen Casaulta
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Andreas Jung
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Zürich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Regamey
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Children's Hospital Lucerne Lucerne Switzerland
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Fernandez MV, Miller E, Krammer F, Gopal R, Greenbaum BD, Bhardwaj N. Ion efflux and influenza infection trigger NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in human dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:723-34. [PMID: 26574023 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0614-313rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex, is an essential intracellular mediator of antiviral immunity. In murine dendritic cells, this complex responds to a wide array of signals, including ion efflux and influenza A virus infection, to activate caspase-1-mediated proteolysis of IL-1β and IL-18 into biologically active cytokines. However, the presence and function of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in human dendritic cells, in response to various triggers, including viral infection, has not been defined clearly. Here, we delineate the contribution of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome to the secretion of IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1α by human dendritic cells (monocyte-derived and primary conventional dendritic cells). Activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in human dendritic cells by various synthetic activators resulted in the secretion of bioactive IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1α and induction of pyroptotic cell death. Cellular IL-1β release depended on potassium efflux and the activity of proteins nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 and caspase-1. Likewise, influenza A virus infection of dendritic cells resulted in priming and activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in an M2- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3-dependent manner. The magnitude of priming by influenza A virus varied among different strains and inversely corresponded to type I IFN production. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the existence and function of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in human dendritic cells and the ability of influenza A virus to prime and activate this pathway in human dendritic cells, with important implications for antiviral immunity and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramya Gopal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin D Greenbaum
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Immune Homeostasis in Epithelial Cells: Evidence and Role of Inflammasome Signaling Reviewed. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:828264. [PMID: 26355424 PMCID: PMC4556877 DOI: 10.1155/2015/828264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium regulates the interaction between the noxious xenogenous, as well as the microbial environment and the immune system, not only by providing a barrier but also by expressing a number of immunoregulatory membrane receptors, and intracellular danger sensors and their downstream effectors. Amongst these are a number of inflammasome sensor subtypes, which have been initially characterized in myeloid cells and described to be activated upon assembly into multiprotein complexes by microbial and environmental triggers. This review compiles a vast amount of literature that supports a pivotal role for inflammasomes in the various epithelial barriers of the human body as essential factors maintaining immune signaling and homeostasis.
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Establishment and characterization of a telomerase-immortalized canine bronchiolar epithelial cell line. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9135-46. [PMID: 26156242 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dogs are susceptible to infectious diseases that occur primarily in the respiratory tract. The airway epithelium acts as a first line of defense and is constantly exposed to microorganisms present in the environment. Respiratory epithelial cells have recently gained wide use as a cell model for studying the pathogenesis of human, murine or swine respiratory pathogen infections. However, studies of the pathogenic mechanisms of canine pathogens have been hindered by the lack of reliable respiratory cell lines. Here, we cultured primary canine bronchiolar epithelial cells (CBECs), whose characteristics were confirmed by their expression of the epithelial cell-specific marker cytokeratin 18, and have provided protocols for their isolation and ex vivo expansion. Further, we established immortalized CBECs containing the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene via transfection of primary CBECs with the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-hTERT. Immortalized bronchiolar epithelial cells (hTERT-CBECs) retain the morphological and functional features of primary CBECs, as indicated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, proliferation assays, karyotype analysis, telomerase activity assay, and Western blotting, which demonstrate that hTERT-CBECs have higher telomerase activity, an extended proliferative lifespan, and a diploid complement of chromosomes, even after Passage 50. Moreover, this cell line is not transformed, as evaluated using soft agar assays and tumorigenicity analysis in nude mice, and can therefore be safely used in future studies. The isolation and establishment of stable hTERT-CBECs is of great importance for use as an in vitro model for mechanistic studies of canine pathogenic infections.
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Jackson DJ, Glanville N, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Shamji BWH, del-Rosario J, Mallia P, Edwards MJ, Walton RP, Edwards MR, Johnston SL. Interleukin-18 Is Associated With Protection Against Rhinovirus-Induced Colds and Asthma Exacerbations. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60:1528-31. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The airway epithelial cell barrier serves as the main site of replication for most of the common respiratory viruses and is thereby the first line of defense against these viruses. Host epithelial cells are specially enriched for pattern recognition receptors that activate immune response genes to limit viral replication. A prominently expressed set of these genes encodes cytokines that orchestrate key aspects of host defense, such as recruitment of immune cells and repair of epithelial cell damage. Under some circumstances, airway epithelial cells may be programmed to release cytokines (notably IL-33) that activate a type 2 immune response, which in excess might contribute to the development of chronic obstructive lung disease. Moreover, long-term epithelial progenitor cells with this capability may explain an ongoing susceptibility to lung disease in response to acute respiratory infection or other types of inhaled danger signals. The mucosal airway epithelial cell can thereby mediate a beneficial response for host defense and a detrimental response leading to inflammatory disease.
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Phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibition modulates responses to rhinovirus by mechanisms that are predominantly independent of autophagy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116055. [PMID: 25541728 PMCID: PMC4277460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are a major cause of exacerbations of airways disease. Aspects of cell signalling responses to HRV infection remain unclear, particularly with regard to signalling via PI3K, and the PI3K-dependent pathway, autophagy. We investigated the roles of PI3K and autophagy in the responses of epithelial cells to major and minor group HRV infection. The PI3K inhibitor 3-MA, commonly used to inhibit autophagy, markedly reduced HRV-induced cytokine induction. Further investigation of potential targets of 3-MA and comparison of results using this inhibitor to a panel of general and class I-selective PI3K inhibitors showed that several PI3Ks cooperatively regulate responses to HRV. Targeting by siRNA of the autophagy proteins Beclin-1, Atg7, LC3, alone or in combination, or targeting of the autophagy-specific class III PI3K had at most only modest effects on HRV-induced cell signalling as judged by induction of proinflammatory cytokine production. Our data indicate that PI3K and mTOR are involved in induction of proinflammatory cytokines after HRV infection, and that autophagy has little role in the cytokine response to HRV or control of HRV replication.
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Parker LC, Stokes CA, Sabroe I. Rhinoviral infection and asthma: the detection and management of rhinoviruses by airway epithelial cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:20-8. [PMID: 24355017 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) have been linked to the development of childhood asthma and recurrent acute asthma exacerbations throughout life, and contribute considerably to the healthcare and economic burden of this disease. However, the ability of HRV infections to trigger exacerbations, and the link between allergic status and HRV responsiveness, remains incompletely understood. Whilst the receptors on human airway cells that detect and are utilized by most HRV group A and B, but not C serotypes are known, how endosomal pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect HRV replication products that are generated within the cytoplasm remains somewhat of an enigma. In this article, we explore a role for autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process that allows the cell to encapsulate its own cytosolic constituents, as the crucial mechanism controlling this process and regulating the innate immune response of airway epithelial cells to viral infection. We will also briefly describe some of the recent insights into the immune responses of the airway to HRV, focusing on neutrophilic inflammation that is a potentially unwanted feature of the acute response to viral infection, and the roles of IL-1 and Pellinos in the regulation of responses to HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Parker
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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