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Erratt KJ, Freeman EC. Cyanobacteria in the Anthropocene: Synanthropism forged in an era of global change. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11066. [PMID: 39031717 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The Anthropocene has driven a transformative era where human activities exert unprecedented influence on Earth's biosphere. Consequently, synanthropic organisms, adept at thriving in human-modified environments, have emerged. While well studied in terrestrial ecosystems, the presence and ecological importance of synanthropic species in aquatic ecosystems, specifically among cyanobacteria, are less understood. Cyanobacteria blooms, notorious for their detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health, are increasing in frequency and intensity globally. In this perspective, we explore the evidence supporting this rise of cyanobacteria blooms, emphasizing the roles of human-induced eutrophication and climate change on select cyanobacteria genera. Cyanobacteria are not a monolith, with certain genera showing an observable increase within anthropogenically modified environments. We propose the establishment of a new sub-branch of phycology that explicitly investigates the ecology and physiology of synanthropic cyanobacteria. Understanding the intricate interactions between synanthropic species and human populations is imperative for managing human-altered ecosystems and conserving freshwater resources, particularly in the face of increasing global water insecurity. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The rise in cyanobacteria blooms is driven by a small subset of human-adapted genera-synanthropic cyanobacteria. Research is needed to characterize synanthropic cyanobacteria, which will aid in developing tailored management approaches. A paradigm shift from domesticating to "rewilding" landscapes and modifying behaviors to facilitate cohabitation are solutions to reducing risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Erratt
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika C Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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2
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Hyytiäinen K, Huttunen I, Kotamäki N, Kuosa H, Ropponen J. Good eutrophication status is a challenging goal for coastal waters. AMBIO 2024; 53:579-591. [PMID: 38142243 PMCID: PMC10920530 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Our objective is to understand the effectiveness of local and international nutrient pollution mitigation efforts when targeting better water quality in the region's coastal waters. To this end, we developed an integrated modeling framework for the Archipelago Sea located in the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe, conducted what-if analyses for various ambition levels of nutrient abatement, and studied the long-term consequences at the sea basin scale. We demonstrate that in outer parts of the Archipelago Sea, a good eutrophication status can be achieved if the current internationally agreed policy goals for nutrient abatement are successfully met. In inner coastal areas, current goals for phytoplankton biomass could be reached only through extreme mitigation efforts in all polluting sectors and large-scale application of yet poorly tested ecological engineering methods. This result calls for carefully considering the relevance of current threshold values for phytoplankton and its role as a dominant indicator of good ecological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hyytiäinen
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Inese Huttunen
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Kotamäki
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Survontie 9 A, 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Kuosa
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Ropponen
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Survontie 9 A, 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Thomas CM, de Cerff C, Maniel GAV, Oyatoye AE, Rocke E, Marco HG, Pillay D. Water filtration by endobenthic sandprawns enhances resilience against eutrophication under experimental global change conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19067. [PMID: 37925538 PMCID: PMC10625564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying processes that confer resilience against global change is a scientific challenge but is central to managing ecosystem functionality in future. Detecting resilience-enhancing mechanisms is especially relevant in coastal ecosystems, where multi-stressor interactions can drive degradation over time. Here, we quantify the resilience-conferring potential of endobenthic sandprawns against eutrophication, including under high temperatures. We show using a global change mesocosm experiment that sandprawn presence was associated with declines in phytoplankton biomass, particularly under eutrophic conditions, where sandprawns reduced phytoplankton biomass by approximately 74% and prevented a shift to extreme eutrophy. Eutrophic waters were nanophytoplankton-dominated, but sandprawn presence countered this, resulting in even contributions of pico- and nanophytoplankton. Our findings highlight the potential for sandprawns to increase resilience against eutrophication by limiting phytoplankton blooms, preventing extreme eutrophy and counteracting nanophytoplankton dominance. Incorporating endobenthic crustaceans into resilience-based management practices can assist in arresting future water quality declines in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - C de Cerff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | - G A V Maniel
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - A E Oyatoye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - E Rocke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - H G Marco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - D Pillay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
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4
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Liu Y, Ren JS, Wang X, Wu W, Zhang J. Environmental influence on summer survival of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum: A case study in an aquaculture bay. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106242. [PMID: 37926587 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The aquaculture of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is under threat due to its high mortality in summer. To investigate the environmental influence on mortality of the species, we have conducted field surveys in the aquaculture area in Laizhou Bay, during the summers of 2019 and 2020. Environmental and biological data were collected. The results of data analysis have shown that in 2020, large-scale mortality events were not recorded and spatial variations of environmental variables were no significant within the survey area. However, in August 2019, significant variations of environmental variables were detected in the middle tidal area. This area was charactered with relatively high-water temperature (with maximum temperature of 31.49 °C and mean value of 26.17 ± 1.62 °C), elevated hydrogen sulfide concentrations (with a maximum concentration of 24.72 μmol/L and a mean concentration of 7.89 ± 4.14 μmol/L), and low dissolved oxygen concentrations (with a minimum concentration of 3.35 mg/L and a mean concentration of 6.27 ± 0.42 mg/L). Correspondingly, high mortality of the clam was recorded in the area, the abundance of live Manila clams has decreased by 80%. No significant abnormalities of environmental variables and clam growth were observed in other regions in 2019. Glycogen content and condition index of the clam were analyzed to investigate the relationship between environmental stress and the health of the clam. Compared to the condition index, glycogen content is a more sensitive indicator of the health status of the clam because changes in glycogen content appeared earlier than changes in condition index and mortality. A principal component analysis further indicated that the high mortality of the clam corresponds with a few environmental variables, including elevated temperature, hypoxia and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide. The simultaneous presence of these multiple environmental stressors could have triggered alterations in the physiological responses of the clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Jeffrey S Ren
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 10 Kyle Street, PO Box 8602, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Xinmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Wenguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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Jia R, Li P, Chen C, Liu L, Li ZH. Shellfish-algal systems as important components of fisheries carbon sinks: Their contribution and response to climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115511. [PMID: 36801235 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global climate change, ocean acidification and warming are becoming increasingly serious. Adding carbon sinks in the ocean is an important part of efforts to mitigate climate change. Many researchers have proposed the concept of a fisheries carbon sink. Shellfish-algal systems are among the most important components of fisheries carbon sinks, but there has been limited research on the impact of climate change on shellfish-algal carbon sequestration systems. This review assesses the impact of global climate change on shellfish-algal carbon sequestration systems and provides a rough estimate of the global shellfish-algal carbon sink capacity. This review evaluates the impact of global climate change on shellfish-algal carbon sequestration systems. We review relevant studies that have examined the effects of climate change on such systems from multiple levels, perspectives, and species. There is an urgent need for more realistic and comprehensive studies given expectations about the future climate. Such studies should provide a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the carbon cycle function of marine biological carbon pumps may be affected in realistic future environmental conditions and the patterns of interaction between climate change and ocean carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Jia
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Chengzhuang Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Velez KEC, Leighton RE, Decho AW, Pinckney JL, Norman RS. Modeling pH and Temperature Effects as Climatic Hazards in V ibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000769. [PMID: 37091291 PMCID: PMC10114089 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate-induced stressors, such as changes in temperature, salinity, and pH, contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases. These changes alter geographical constraint, resulting in increased Vibrio spread, exposure, and infection rates, thus facilitating greater Vibrio-human interactions. Multiple efforts have been developed to predict Vibrio exposure and raise awareness of health risks, but most models only use temperature and salinity as prediction factors. This study aimed to better understand the potential effects of temperature and pH on V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus planktonic and biofilm growth. Vibrio strains were grown in triplicate at 25°, 30°, and 37°C in 96 well plates containing Modified Seawater Yeast Extract modified with CaCl2 at pH's ranging from 5 to 9.6. AMiGA software was used to model growth curves using Gaussian process regression. The effects of temperature and pH were evaluated using randomized complete block analysis of variance, and the growth rates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were modeled using the interpolation fit on the MatLab Curve Fitting Toolbox. Different optimal conditions involving temperature and pH were observed for planktonic and biofilm Vibrio growth within- and between-species. This study showed that temperature and pH factors significantly affect Vibrio planktonic growth rates and V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation. Therefore, pH effects must be added to the Vibrio growth modeling efforts to better predict Vibrio risk in estuarine and coastal zones that can potentially experience the cooccurrence of Vibrio and harmful algal bloom outbreak events.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Correa Velez
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - R. E. Leighton
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - A. W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - J. L. Pinckney
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- School of the Earth, Ocean and EnvironmentUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - R. S. Norman
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
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7
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Thoral E, Roussel D, Gasset E, Dutto G, Queiros Q, McKenzie DJ, Bourdeix JH, Metral L, Saraux C, Teulier L. Temperature-dependent metabolic consequences of food deprivation in the European sardine. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:286277. [PMID: 36621833 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems can exhibit seasonal variation in resource availability and animals have evolved to cope with the associated caloric restriction. During winter in the NW Mediterranean Sea, the European sardine Sardina pilchardus naturally experiences caloric restriction owing to a decrease in the diversity and quantity of plankton. However, ongoing global warming has had deleterious effects on plankton communities such that food shortages may occur throughout the year, especially under warm conditions in the summer. We investigated the interactive effects of temperature and food availability on sardine metabolism by continuously monitoring whole-animal respiration of groups of control (fed) and food-deprived sardines over a 60-day experiment in winter (12°C) or summer (20°C) conditions under natural photoperiod. In addition, we measured mitochondrial respiration of red muscle fibres, biometric variables and energy reserves of individuals sampled at 30 and 60 days. This revealed that winter food deprivation elicits energy saving mechanisms at whole animal and cellular levels by maintaining a low metabolism to preserve energy reserves, allowing high levels of survival. By contrast, despite energy saving mechanisms at the mitochondrial level, whole animal metabolic rate was high during food deprivation in summer, causing increased consumption of energy reserves at the muscular level and high mortality after 60 days. Furthermore, a 5-day re-feeding did not improve survival, and mortalities continued, suggesting that long-term food deprivation at high temperatures causes profound stress in sardines that potentially impairs nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Thoral
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Gasset
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, chemin de Maguelonne, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Gilbert Dutto
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, chemin de Maguelonne, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Quentin Queiros
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Avenue Jean Monnet, 34203 Sète Cedex, France.,DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro, IFREMER, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Hervé Bourdeix
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Avenue Jean Monnet, 34203 Sète Cedex, France
| | - Luisa Metral
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Avenue Jean Monnet, 34203 Sète Cedex, France
| | - Claire Saraux
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Avenue Jean Monnet, 34203 Sète Cedex, France.,IPHC, UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Teulier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Garrison JA, Motwani NH, Broman E, Nascimento FJA. Molecular diet analysis enables detection of diatom and cyanobacteria DNA in the gut of Macoma balthica. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278070. [PMID: 36417463 PMCID: PMC9683582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Detritivores are essential to nutrient cycling, but are often neglected in trophic networks, due to difficulties with determining their diet. DNA analysis of gut contents shows promise of trophic link discrimination, but many unknown factors limit its usefulness. For example, DNA can be rapidly broken down, especially by digestion processes, and DNA provides only a snapshot of the gut contents at a specific time. Few studies have been performed on the length of time that prey DNA can be detected in consumer guts, and none so far using benthic detritivores. Eutrophication, along with climate change, is altering the phytoplankton communities in aquatic ecosystems, on which benthic detritivores in aphotic soft sediments depend. Nutrient-poor cyanobacteria blooms are increasing in frequency, duration, and magnitude in many water bodies, while nutrient-rich diatom spring blooms are shrinking in duration and magnitude, creating potential changes in diet of benthic detritivores. We performed an experiment to identify the taxonomy and quantify the abundance of phytoplankton DNA fragments on bivalve gut contents, and how long these fragments can be detected after consumption in the Baltic Sea clam Macoma balthica. Two common species of phytoplankton (the cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena or the diatom Skeletonema marinoi) were fed to M. balthica from two regions (from the northern and southern Stockholm archipelago). After removing the food source, M. balthica gut contents were sampled every 24 hours for seven days to determine the number of 23S rRNA phytoplankton DNA copies and when the phytoplankton DNA could no longer be detected by quantitative PCR. We found no differences in diatom 18S rRNA gene fragments of the clams by region, but the southern clams showed significantly more cyanobacteria 16S rRNA gene fragments in their guts than the northern clams. Interestingly, the cyanobacteria and diatom DNA fragments were still detectable by qPCR in the guts of M. balthica one week after removal from its food source. However, DNA metabarcoding of the 23S rRNA phytoplankton gene found in the clam guts showed that added food (i.e. N. spumigena and S. marinoi) did not make up a majority of the detected diet. Our results suggest that these detritivorous clams therefore do not react as quickly as previously thought to fresh organic matter inputs, with other phytoplankton than large diatoms and cyanobacteria constituting the majority of their diet. This experiment demonstrates the viability of using molecular methods to determine feeding of detritivores, but further studies investigating how prey DNA signals can change over time in benthic detritivores will be needed before this method can be widely applicable to both models of ecological functions and conservation policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Garrison
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Nisha H. Motwani
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias Broman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco J. A. Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Klemm K, Cembella A, Clarke D, Cusack C, Arneborg L, Karlson B, Liu Y, Naustvoll L, Siano R, Gran-Stadniczeñko S, John U. Apparent biogeographical trends in Alexandrium blooms for northern Europe: identifying links to climate change and effective adaptive actions. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 119:102335. [PMID: 36344194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium Halim represents perhaps the most significant and intensively studied genus with respect to species diversity, life history strategies, toxigenicity, biogeographical distribution, and global magnitude and consequences harmful algal blooms (HABs). The socioeconomic impacts, environmental and human health risks, and mitigation strategies for toxigenic Alexandrium blooms have also been explored in recent years. Human adaptive actions based on future scenarios of bloom dynamics and shifts in biogeographical distribution under climate-change parameters remain under development and not yet implemented on a regional scale. In the CoCliME (Co-development of climate services for adaptation to changing marine ecosystems) project these issues were addressed with respect to past, current and anticipated future status of key HAB genera and expected benefits of enhanced monitoring. Data on the distribution and frequency of Alexandrium blooms related to paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) events from key CoCliME Case Study areas, comprising the North Sea and adjacent Kattegat-Skagerrak, Norwegian Sea, and Baltic Sea, and eastern North Atlantic marginal seas, were evaluated in a contemporary and historical context over the past several decades. The first evidence of possible biogeographical expansion of Alexandrium taxa into eastern Arctic gateways was provided from DNA barcoding signatures. Various key climate change indicators, such as salinity, temperature, and water-column stratification, relevant to Alexandrium bloom initiation and development were identified. The possible influence of changing variables on bloom dynamics, magnitude, frequency and spatial and temporal distribution were interpreted in the context of regional ocean climate models. These climate change impact indicators may play key roles in selecting for the occurrence and diversity of Alexandrium species within the broader microeukaryote communities. For example, shifts to higher temperature and lower salinity regimes predicted for the southern North Sea indicate the potential for increased Alexandrium blooms, currently absent from this area. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of Alexandrium blooms and effects on fisheries and aquaculture resources and coastal ecosystem function are evaluated, and, where feasible, effective adaptation strategies are proposed herein as emerging climate services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Klemm
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Allan Cembella
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - Dave Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Lars Arneborg
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Ye Liu
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Lars Naustvoll
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen NO-5817, Norway
| | | | - Sandra Gran-Stadniczeñko
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
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10
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Konarzewska Z, Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Felpeto AB, Latała A. Effects of light intensity, temperature, and salinity in allelopathic interactions between coexisting Synechococcus sp. phenotypes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105671. [PMID: 35675719 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organisms from the Synechococcus genus constitute one of the major contributors to oceanic primary production, broadly distributed in waters with wide range of environmental conditions. This work investigated the influence of abiotic factors (temperature, irradiance, and salinity) on the strength of allelopathic interactions between different phenotypes of picoplanktonic cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus sp. (Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3a) employing mixed cultures and cell-free filtrate assays. The response variables studied were population growth and content of photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a), carotenoids (Car), phycocyanin (PC), phycoerythrin (PE), and allophycocyanin (APC). Temperature was shown to be the most significant abiotic factor impacting the allelopathy of Synechococcus sp. phenotypes, with the Type 2 most significantly impacted. Irradiance also had a significant effect, having the largest effect on allelopathy of Type 3a phenotype. Changes in salinity had the greatest effect on allelopathy of Type 1. Our study has shown the significant influence of temperature, irradiance, and salinity on the strength of allelopathic compounds secreted by Synechococcus sp. phenotypes, with temperature the most significantly affecting allelopathic properties. Moreover, we discovered that the allelopathic response to changing environmental factors is highly phenotype-specific. This differential response of allelopathy could help different phenotypes of Synechococcus sp. to coexist in the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Konarzewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland; Mount Allison University, 62 York St, Sackville, NBE4L 1E2, Canada
| | - Aldo Barreiro Felpeto
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research-CIMAR/CIIMAR, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Adam Latała
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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11
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Niche partitioning between planktivorous fish in the pelagic Baltic Sea assessed by DNA metabarcoding, qPCR and microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10952. [PMID: 35768563 PMCID: PMC9242992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine communities undergo rapid changes related to human-induced ecosystem pressures. The Baltic Sea pelagic food web has experienced several regime shifts during the past century, resulting in a system where competition between the dominant planktivorous mesopredatory clupeid fish species herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and the rapidly increasing stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) population is assumed to be high. Here, we investigate diet overlap between these three planktivorous fishes in the Baltic Sea, utilizing DNA metabarcoding on the 18S rRNA gene and the COI gene, targeted qPCR, and microscopy. Our results show niche differentiation between clupeids and stickleback, and highlight that rotifers play an important role in this pattern, as a resource that is not being used by the clupeids nor by other zooplankton in spring. We further show that all the diet assessment methods used in this study are consistent, but also that DNA metabarcoding describes the plankton-fish link at the highest taxonomic resolution. This study suggests that rotifers and other understudied soft-bodied prey may have an important function in the pelagic food web and that the growing population of pelagic stickleback may be supported by the open feeding niche offered by the rotifers.
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12
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Löptien U, Dietze H. Retracing cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10873. [PMID: 35760936 PMCID: PMC9237117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In late summer, massive blooms and surface scums of cyanobacteria emerge regularly in the Baltic Sea. The bacteria can produce toxins and add bioavailable nitrogen fixed from atmospheric nitrogen to an already over-fertilized system. This counteracts management efforts targeted at improving water quality. Despite their critical role, the controls on cyanobacteria blooms are not comprehensively understood yet. This limits the usability of models-based bloom forecasts and projections into our warming future. Here we add to the discussion by combining, for the first time, satellite estimates of cyanobacteria blooms with output of a high-resolution general ocean circulation model and in-situ nutrient observations. We retrace bloom origins and conditions by calculating the trajectories of respective water parcels backwards in time. In an attempt to identify drivers of bloom development, we find that blooms originate and manifest themselves predominantly offshore where conditions are more nutrient-depleted compared to more coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Löptien
- Institute for Archaeoinformatics - Data Science, University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany. .,MIN Faculty, CEN, University of Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - H Dietze
- Institute for Archaeoinformatics - Data Science, University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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13
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Orwin JF, Klotz F, Taube N, Kerr JG, Laceby JP. Linking catchment structural units (CSUs) with water quality: Implications for ambient monitoring network design and data interpretation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114881. [PMID: 35306419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate induced changes in runoff regimes and ongoing anthropogenic modification of land use and land cover (LULC) are shifting ambient water quality signals worldwide. Modulation of these signals by the physical catchment structure over different scales adds complexity to interpreting and analyzing measured data. Further bias may be introduced where monitoring networks are not representative of the structure of catchments in a given region. Here, we present a new environmental regionalization method to assess the representativeness of water quality monitoring (WQM) networks and to identify key structural drivers linked to water quality signals. Unique numerical codes were generated at the pixel level to provide wall-to-wall coverage of key Catchment Structural Units (CSUs) based on LULC, surficial geology, wetlands and slope. CSU codes were generated for all tributary (AT) catchments >20 km2 in Southern Alberta (n = 289), Canada, to determine the representativeness of an existing WQM network (54 tributary catchments) and to assess the explanatory power of CSUs with respect to water quality signals. Cluster analysis (CA) and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) on the percent area of CSUs in the AT catchments identified six primary structural clusters in Southern Alberta. A clear gradient in catchment structure was evident progressing downstream from the Rocky Mountain headwaters through the foothills and prairie/plains region. Montane and grassland regions were found to be potentially under-represented by the current WQM program whereas catchments dominated by agriculture were likely over-represented. The disproportionate impact of specific CSU combinations on water quality was illustrated where the CA and MDS analyses indicated that even small percentages of urban areas and badland type topography results in elevated concentrations of total recoverable metals, nutrients and major ions. The application of the CSU approach in Southern Alberta demonstrates its value as an alternative method to assess and/or redesign existing WQM networks and to link water quality data to the structural composition of catchments. The general availability of the required data to generate CSUs provides universal potential for the approach to help assess other WQM programs and to contextualize data records. Applying the CSU approach when developing new ambient WQM networks can also help reduce the potential of over-monitoring similarly structured catchments as well as ensuring that all structural classes are represented by the data being generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Orwin
- Resource Stewardship Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, 3535 Research Road NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada; Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Farley Klotz
- Stantec Consulting Ltd., 200-325 25 Street SE, Calgary, AB, T2A 7H8, Canada
| | - Nadine Taube
- Resource Stewardship Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, 3535 Research Road NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Jason G Kerr
- Resource Stewardship Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, 3535 Research Road NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - J Patrick Laceby
- Resource Stewardship Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, 3535 Research Road NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada
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14
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Albert S, Hedberg P, Motwani NH, Sjöling S, Winder M, Nascimento FJA. Phytoplankton settling quality has a subtle but significant effect on sediment microeukaryotic and bacterial communities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24033. [PMID: 34911983 PMCID: PMC8674317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In coastal aphotic sediments, organic matter (OM) input from phytoplankton is the primary food resource for benthic organisms. Current observations from temperate ecosystems like the Baltic Sea report a decline in spring bloom diatoms, while summer cyanobacteria blooms are becoming more frequent and intense. These climate-driven changes in phytoplankton communities may in turn have important consequences for benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but such questions are not yet sufficiently explored experimentally. Here, in a 4-week experiment, we investigated the response of microeukaryotic and bacterial communities to different types of OM inputs comprising five ratios of two common phytoplankton species in the Baltic Sea, the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and filamentous cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Metabarcoding analyses on 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at the experiment termination revealed subtle but significant changes in diversity and community composition of microeukaryotes in response to settling OM quality. Sediment bacteria were less affected, although we observed a clear effect on denitrification gene expression (nirS and nosZ), which was positively correlated with increasing proportions of cyanobacteria. Altogether, these results suggest that future changes in OM input to the seafloor may have important effects on both the composition and function of microbenthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séréna Albert
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Hedberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nisha H Motwani
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Sjöling
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco J A Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Beentjes KK, Barmentlo SH, Cieraad E, Schilthuizen M, van der Hoorn BB, Speksnijder AGCL, Trimbos KB. Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals comparable responses to agricultural stressors on different trophic levels of a freshwater community. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:1430-1443. [PMID: 34908199 PMCID: PMC9306904 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater habitats are under stress from agricultural land use, most notably the influx of neonicotinoid pesticides and increased nutrient pressure from fertilizer. Traditional studies investigating the effects of stressors on freshwater systems are often limited to a narrow range of taxa, depending heavily on morphological expertise. Additionally, disentanglement of multiple simultaneous stressors can be difficult in field studies, whereas controlled laboratory conditions do not accurately reflect natural conditions and food webs. To overcome these drawbacks, we investigated the impacts of two agricultural stressors (the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid and fertilizer) in full‐factorial design in a semi‐natural research site, using environmental DNA sampling to study three different taxonomic groups representing three trophic levels: bacteria (decomposers), phytoplankton (primary producers), and chironomids (consumers). The results show considerable impact of both stressors across trophic levels, with an additive effect of fertilizer and thiacloprid on community composition at all levels. These findings suggest that agricultural stressors affect the entire food web, either directly or through cascade reactions. They are also consistent with morphological assessments that were performed in the same study site, even at a lower number of replicates. The study presented shows that the use of multimarker environmental DNA provides a more comprehensive assessment of stressor impacts across multiple trophic levels, at a higher taxonomic resolution than traditional surveys. Additionally, many putative novel bioindicators for both agricultural stressors were discovered. We encourage further investigations into stressors impacts at different trophic levels, which will lead to more effective monitoring and management of freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Beentjes
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Cieraad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Nelson-Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Menno Schilthuizen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Krijn B Trimbos
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Paul C, Sommer U, Matthiessen B. Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO 2. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112294. [PMID: 34835420 PMCID: PMC8621663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO2 revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton into edible (>5 and <100 µm) and inedible (<5 and >100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phytoplankton groups gained from CO2. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO2 concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO2 in particular in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible <5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups.
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17
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Sildever S, Laas P, Kolesova N, Lips I, Lips U, Nagai S. Plankton biodiversity and species co-occurrence based on environmental DNA – a multiple marker study. METABARCODING AND METAGENOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/mbmg.5.72371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding in combination with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows simultaneous detection of multiple taxa by targeting single or several taxonomically informative gene regions from environmental DNA samples. In this study, a multiple-marker HTS approach was applied to investigate the plankton diversity and seasonal succession in the Baltic Sea from winter to autumn. Four different markers targeting the 16S, 18S, and 28S ribosomal RNA genes were employed, including a marker for more efficient dinoflagellate detection. Typical seasonal changes were observed in phyto- and bacterioplankton communities. In phytoplankton, the appearance patterns of selected common, dominant, or harmful species followed the patterns also confirmed based on 20 years of phytoplankton monitoring data. In the case of zooplankton, both macro- and microzooplankton species were detected. However, no seasonal patterns were detected in their appearance. In total, 15 and 2 new zoo- and phytoplankton species were detected from the Baltic Sea. HTS approach was especially useful for detecting microzooplankton species as well as for investigating the co-occurrence and potential interactions of different taxa. The results of this study further exemplify the efficiency of metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring and the advantage of employing multiple markers through the detection of species not identifiable based on a single marker survey and/or by traditional morphology-based methods.
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18
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Experimental Study of the Environmental Effects of Summertime Cocultures of Seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in Sanggou Bay, China. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The shellfish–algae mode of integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) is a sustainable aquaculture method that benefits the environment and the carbon cycle. However, most current shellfish–algae aquaculture modes are based on the expansion of kelp aquaculture. Due to the low tolerance of kelp to high temperatures, integrated shellfish–algae aquaculture areas often become shellfish monocultures in summer, which may lead to both high mortality rate of shellfish and to economic loss while causing serious environmental harm via eutrophication, decreases in dissolved oxygen (DO), and decreases in pH. In this study, we investigated the effects of different ratios of seaweed (Gracilaria lemaneiformis), which is tolerant of high temperatures, to Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) on water quality and environmental parameters. A two-day small-scale enclosure water body experiment was conducted in Sanggou Bay (Shandong, China) in August 2019. The results demonstrated that culturing shellfish alone significantly affected pH, DO, eutrophication, and other environmental indicators, as well as the carbonate system. The negative environmental impact of the shellfish–algae aquaculture system was much smaller. However, too high a proportion of algae might consume excessive amounts of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and nutrients, while too low a proportion of algae might not fully absorb the nutrients released by the cultured shellfish, in turn leading to an increased risk of eutrophication. The shellfish–algae aquaculture system not only improved the inorganic carbon system, but also the organic carbon system. At the end of the experiment, all the parameters of the inorganic carbon system had decreased significantly, while all the parameters of the organic carbon system had increased significantly. The results of this study illustrate the need to include macroalgae rotations in summer, and that an appropriate ratio of shellfish to algae is necessary to achieve a sustainable aquaculture system. Moreover, this research has also confirmed the importance of the future and related research in the actual production, which will provide useful information to guide governmental strategies for summer aquaculture rotations and insight into the controversy concerning whether aquaculture is a carbon source or sink.
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19
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Wood SM, Kremp A, Savela H, Akter S, Vartti VP, Saarni S, Suikkanen S. Cyanobacterial Akinete Distribution, Viability, and Cyanotoxin Records in Sediment Archives From the Northern Baltic Sea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:681881. [PMID: 34211448 PMCID: PMC8241101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.681881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales, including Baltic Sea bloom-forming taxa Nodularia spumigena, Aphanizomenon flosaquae, and Dolichospermum spp., produce resting stages, known as akinetes, under unfavorable conditions. These akinetes can persist in the sediment and germinate if favorable conditions return, simultaneously representing past blooms and possibly contributing to future bloom formation. The present study characterized cyanobacterial akinete survival, germination, and potential cyanotoxin production in brackish water sediment archives from coastal and open Gulf of Finland in order to understand recent bloom expansion, akinete persistence, and cyanobacteria life cycles in the northern Baltic Sea. Results showed that cyanobacterial akinetes can persist in and germinate from Northern Baltic Sea sediment up to >40 and >400 years old, at coastal and open-sea locations, respectively. Akinete abundance and viability decreased with age and depth of vertical sediment layers. The detection of potential microcystin and nodularin production from akinetes was minimal and restricted to the surface sediment layers. Phylogenetic analysis of culturable cyanobacteria from the coastal sediment core indicated that most strains likely belonged to the benthic genus Anabaena. Potentially planktonic species of Dolichospermum could only be revived from the near-surface layers of the sediment, corresponding to an estimated age of 1–3 years. Results of germination experiments supported the notion that akinetes do not play an equally significant role in the life cycles of all bloom-forming cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. Overall, there was minimal congruence between akinete abundance, cyanotoxin concentration, and the presence of cyanotoxin biosynthetic genes in either sediment core. Further research is recommended to accurately detect and quantify akinetes and cyanotoxin genes from brackish water sediment samples in order to further describe species-specific benthic archives of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffaney M Wood
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anke Kremp
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Henna Savela
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sultana Akter
- Biotechnology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Saija Saarni
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Suikkanen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Suikkanen S, Uusitalo L, Lehtinen S, Lehtiniemi M, Kauppila P, Mäkinen K, Kuosa H. Diazotrophic cyanobacteria in planktonic food webs. FOOD WEBS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Forsblom L, Lindén A, Engström‐Öst J, Lehtiniemi M, Bonsdorff E. Identifying biotic drivers of population dynamics in a benthic-pelagic community. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4035-4045. [PMID: 33976792 PMCID: PMC8093679 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic species and communities are linked to pelagic zooplankton through life-stages encompassing both benthic and pelagic habitats and through a mutual dependency on primary producers as a food source. Many zooplankton taxa contribute to the sedimentary system as benthic eggs. Our main aim was to investigate the nature of the population level biotic interactions between and within these two seemingly independent communities, both dependent on the pelagic primary production, while simultaneously accounting for environmental drivers (salinity, temperature, and oxygen conditions). To this end, we applied multivariate autoregressive state-space models to long (1966-2007) time series of annual abundance data, comparing models with and without interspecific interactions, and models with and without environmental variables included. We were not able to detect any direct coupling between sediment-dwelling benthic taxa and pelagic copepods and cladocerans on the annual scale, but the most parsimonious model indicated that interactions within the benthic community are important. There were also positive residual correlations between the copepods and cladocerans potentially reflecting the availability of a shared resource or similar seasonal dependence, whereas both groups tended to correlate negatively with the zoobenthic taxa. The most notable single interaction within the benthic community was a tendency for a negative effect of Limecola balthica on the amphipods Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata which can help explain the observed decrease in amphipods due to increased competitive interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Forsblom
- Marine Research CentreFinnish Environment InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Environmental and Marine BiologyÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
| | - Andreas Lindén
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandHelsinkiFinland
- Novia University of Applied SciencesEkenäsFinland
| | | | - Maiju Lehtiniemi
- Marine Research CentreFinnish Environment InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Erik Bonsdorff
- Environmental and Marine BiologyÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
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22
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Ammar Y, Niiranen S, Otto SA, Möllmann C, Finsinger W, Blenckner T. The rise of novelty in marine ecosystems: The Baltic Sea case. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1485-1499. [PMID: 33438266 PMCID: PMC7985865 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental changes have accelerated at an unprecedented rate in recent decades due to human activities. As a consequence, the incidence of novel abiotic conditions and biotic communities, which have been continuously emerging in the Earth system, has rapidly risen. Despite growing attention to the incidence and challenges posed by novelty in terrestrial ecosystems, novelty has not yet been quantified in marine ecosystems. Here, we measured for the rate of novelty (RoN) in abiotic conditions and community structure for three trophic levels, i.e., phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish, in a large marine system - the Baltic Sea. We measured RoN as the degree of dissimilarity relative to a specific spatial and temporal baseline, and contrasted this with the rate of change as a measure of within-basin change over time. We found that over the past 35 years abiotic and biotic RoN showed complex dynamics varying in time and space, depending on the baseline conditions. RoN in abiotic conditions was smaller in the open Central Baltic Sea than in the Kattegat and the more enclosed Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Riga, and Gulf of Finland in the north. We found a similar spatial pattern for biotic assemblages, which resulted from changes in composition and stock size. We identified sea-surface temperature and salinity as key drivers of RoN in biotic communities. Hence, future environmental changes that are expected to affect the biogeochemistry of the Baltic Sea, may favor the rise of biotic novelty. Our results highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of novelty development in marine ecosystems, including interactions between species and trophic levels, ecosystem functioning under novel abiotic conditions, and considering novelty in future management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosr Ammar
- Stockholm Resilience CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Susa Niiranen
- Stockholm Resilience CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Saskia A. Otto
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery ScienceCenter for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Christian Möllmann
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery ScienceCenter for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Walter Finsinger
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHEMontpellierFrance
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23
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Mitchell EG, Wallace MI, Smith VA, Wiesenthal AA, Brierley AS. Bayesian Network Analysis reveals resilience of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita to an Irish Sea regime shift. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3707. [PMID: 33580138 PMCID: PMC7881242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust time-series of direct observations of jellyfish abundance are not available for many ecosystems, leaving it difficult to determine changes in jellyfish abundance, the possible causes (e.g. climate change) or the consequences (e.g. trophic cascades). We sought an indirect ecological route to reconstruct jellyfish abundance in the Irish Sea: since zooplankton are jellyfish prey, historic variability in zooplankton communities may provide proxies for jellyfish abundance. We determined the Bayesian ecological network of jellyfish-zooplankton dependencies using jellyfish- and zooplankton-abundance data obtained using nets during a 2-week cruise to the Irish Sea in 2008. This network revealed that Aurelia aurita abundance was dependent on zooplankton groups Warm Temperate and Temperate Oceanic as defined by previous zooplankton ecology work. We then determined historic zooplankton networks across the Irish Sea from abundance data from Continuous Plankton Recorder surveys conducted between 1970 and 2000. Transposing the 2008 spatial dependencies onto the historic networks revealed that Aurelia abundance was more strongly dependent over time on sea surface temperature than on the zooplankton community. The generalist predatory abilities of Aurelia may have insulated this jellyfish over the 1985 regime shift when zooplankton composition in the Irish Sea changed abruptly, and also help explain its globally widespread distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Mitchell
- Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK. .,Centre for Biological Diversity, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, Scotland, UK. .,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.
| | - Margaret I Wallace
- Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK.,Scottish Qualifications Authority, Optima Building, 58 Robertson St, Glasgow, G2 8DQ, UK
| | - V Anne Smith
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Amanda A Wiesenthal
- Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK.,Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrew S Brierley
- Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK
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24
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Neu AT, Hughes IV, Allen EE, Roy K. Decade-scale stability and change in a marine bivalve microbiome. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1237-1250. [PMID: 33432685 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Predicting how populations and communities of organisms will respond to anthropogenic change is of paramount concern in ecology today. For communities of microorganisms, however, these predictions remain challenging, primarily due to data limitations. Information about long-term dynamics of host-associated microbial communities, in particular, is lacking. In this study, we use well-preserved and freshly collected samples of soft tissue from a marine bivalve host, Donax gouldii, at a single site to quantify the diversity and composition of its microbiome over a decadal timescale. Site-level measurements of temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a allowed us to test how the microbiome of this species responded to two natural experiments: a seasonal increase in temperature and a phytoplankton bloom. Our results show that ethanol-preserved tissue can provide high-resolution information about temporal trends in compositions of host-associated microbial communities. Specifically, we found that the richness of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with D.gouldii did not change significantly over time despite increases in water temperature (+1.6°C due to seasonal change) and chlorophyll a concentration (more than ninefold). The phylogenetic composition of the communities, on the other hand, varied significantly between all collection years, with only six ASVs persisting over our sampling period. Overall, these results suggest that the diversity of microbial taxa associated with D.gouldii has remained stable over time and in response to seasonal environmental change over the course of more than a decade, but such stability is underlain by substantial turnover in the composition of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Neu
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian V Hughes
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric E Allen
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaustuv Roy
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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25
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Olofsson M, Klawonn I, Karlson B. Nitrogen fixation estimates for the Baltic Sea indicate high rates for the previously overlooked Bothnian Sea. AMBIO 2021; 50:203-214. [PMID: 32314265 PMCID: PMC7708615 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dense blooms of diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria are formed every summer in the Baltic Sea. We estimated their contribution to nitrogen fixation by combining two decades of cyanobacterial biovolume monitoring data with recently measured genera-specific nitrogen fixation rates. In the Bothnian Sea, estimated nitrogen fixation rates were 80 kt N year-1, which has doubled during recent decades and now exceeds external loading from rivers and atmospheric deposition of 69 kt year-1. The estimated contribution to the Baltic Proper was 399 kt N year-1, which agrees well with previous estimates using other approaches and is greater than the external input of 374 kt N year-1. Our approach can potentially be applied to continuously estimate nitrogen loads via nitrogen fixation. Those estimates are crucial for ecosystem adaptive management since internal nitrogen loading may counteract the positive effects of decreased external nutrient loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Olofsson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts Gata 15, 426 71 Västra Frölunda, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Present Address: Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Isabell Klawonn
- Department of Experimental Limnology, IGB-Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhütte 2, OT Neuglobsow, Stechlin, 16775 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts Gata 15, 426 71 Västra Frölunda, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Kanerva M, Kiljunen M, Torniainen J, Nikinmaa M, Dutz J, Vuori KA. Environmentally driven changes in Baltic salmon oxidative status during marine migration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140259. [PMID: 32721710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fitness and recruitment of fish stocks can be markedly affected by environmental disturbances including global warming, eutrophication and contamination. Understanding the effects of environmental stressors on salmon physiology during marine residence is of a global concern as marine survival has decreased. We present a unique combination of physiological responses - antioxidant defence and oxidative damage biomarkers, stable isotopes and contaminant exposure biomarkers - measured from adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) collected at the Baltic Sea and studied in relation to environmental variables and fitness estimates. The results demonstrate that feeding populations of salmon display marked temporal and spatial variation in oxidative status. Better oxidative status of salmon was characterized by a higher amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased lipid peroxidation (LPX), when the weight-at-age of 3-4-year old sprats was higher and contaminant exposure biomarker (EROD) was lower. Summer season conditions, which included cooler sea surface temperature (SST), higher bottom O2 and less cyanobacteria also indicated conditions for better oxidative status. Summer SST was additionally shown to affected glutathione metabolism enzyme activities. Oxidative status was associated with stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N indicating indirect effect of abiotic conditions and lower levels of the food web. Differences in condition factor and growth were associated with oxidative status in one and two sea winter salmon, respectively. Wild salmon survival was higher in years when they had higher GSH and catalase activity and lower LPX. Enhanced glutathione metabolism and increased protein carbonyls were associated with higher occurrence of yolk-sac fry mortality (M74). Our results show that oxidative status can provide information on exposure to complex combinations of environmental conditions and stressors in the wild and provide a link of physiological function to individual and population level fitness effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Kanerva
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Mikko Kiljunen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jyrki Torniainen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland; University of Jyvaskyla, Open Science Centre, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jörg Dutz
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Department of Biological Oceanography, Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Kristiina A Vuori
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
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27
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Li H, Barber M, Lu J, Goel R. Microbial community successions and their dynamic functions during harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a freshwater lake. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116292. [PMID: 33086464 PMCID: PMC7737503 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports the community succession of different toxin and non-toxin producing cyanobacteria at different stages of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) and their connectivity with nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in a freshwater lake using an ecogenomics framework. Comprehensive high throughput DNA sequencing, water quality parameter measurements, and functional gene expressions over temporal and spatial scales were employed. Among the cyanobacterial community, the lake was initially dominated by Cyanobium during the months of May, June, and early July, and later primarily by Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum depicting functional redundancy. Finally, Planktothrix appeared in late August and then the dominance switched to Planktothrix in September. Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis panniformis; two species responsible for cyanotoxin production, were also present in August and September, but in significantly smaller relative abundance. MC-LR (0.06-1.32 µg/L) and MC-RR (0.01-0.26 µg/L) were two major types of cyanotoxins detected. The presence of MC-LR and MC-RR were significantly correlated with the Microcystis-related genes (16SMic/mcyA/mcyG) and their expressions (r = 0.33 to 0.8, p < 0.05). The metabolic analyses further linked the presence of different cyanobacterial groups with distinct functions. The nitrogen metabolisms detected a relatively higher abundance of nitrite/nitrate reductase in early summer, indicating significant denitrification activity and the activation of N-fixation in the blooms dominated by Aphanizomenon/Dolichospermum (community richness) during nutrient-limited conditions. The phosphorus and carbohydrate metabolisms detected a trend to initiate a nutrient starvation alert and store nutrients from early summer, while utilizing the stored polyphosphate and carbohydrate (PPX and F6PPK) during the extreme ortho-P scarcity period, mostly in August or September. Specifically, the abundance of Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum was positively correlated with the nitrogen-fixing nif gene and (p < 0.001) and the PPX enzyme for the stored polyphosphate utilization (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the lake experienced a longer N-fixing period (2-3 months) before non-fixing cyanobacteria (Planktothrix) dominated the entire lake in late summer. The Provo Bay site, which is known to be nutrient-rich historically, had early episodes of filamentous cyanobacteria blooms compared to the rest of the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Li
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 S. Central Campus Drive, 2000 MCE, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, USA
| | - Mike Barber
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 S. Central Campus Drive, 2000 MCE, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 S. Central Campus Drive, 2000 MCE, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, USA.
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28
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Jansson A, Klais‐Peets R, Grinienė E, Rubene G, Semenova A, Lewandowska A, Engström‐Öst J. Functional shifts in estuarine zooplankton in response to climate variability. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11591-11606. [PMID: 33144986 PMCID: PMC7593182 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional traits are becoming more common in the analysis of marine zooplankton community dynamics associated with environmental change. We used zooplankton groups with common functional properties to assess long-term trends in the zooplankton caused by certain environmental conditions in a highly eutrophicated gulf.Time series of zooplankton traits have been collected since the 1960s in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea, and were analyzed using a combination of multivariate methods (principal coordinate analysis) and generalized additive models.One of the most significant changes was the considerable increase in the amount of the zooplankton functional groups (FGR) in coastal springtime communities, and dominance shifts from more complex to simpler organism groups-cladocerans and rotifers.The results also show that functional trait organism complexity (body size) decreased considerably due to cladoceran and rotifer increase following elevated water temperature. Salinity and oxygen had negligible effects on the zooplankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jansson
- Novia University of Applied SciencesEkenäsFinland
| | | | | | - Gunta Rubene
- Fish Resources Research DepartmentInstitute of Food Safety, Animal Health and EnvironmentRigaLatvia
| | - Anna Semenova
- Atlantic Branch of ‘Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography’ (AtlantNIRO)KaliningradRussia
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29
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Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Reygondeau G, Chu J, Hong X, Wang Y, Cheung WWL. Projecting changes in the distribution and maximum catch potential of warm water fishes under climate change scenarios in the Yellow Sea. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Zhu
- College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Max Planck Yale Center for Biodiversity Movement and Global Change Yale University New Haven CT USA
- Changing Ocean Research Unit Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jiansong Chu
- College of Marine Life Science Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Xuguang Hong
- Department of Natural Resources The First Institute of OceanographyQingdao China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- The Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
| | - William W. L. Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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30
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Griffiths JR, Lehtinen S, Suikkanen S, Winder M. Limited evidence for common interannual trends in Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton biomass. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231690. [PMID: 32353002 PMCID: PMC7192432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton community plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling and in the transfer of energy through the food web via zooplankton. We aimed to improve the understanding of the degree to which large-scale versus local environmental dynamics regulate phytoplankton dynamics by analyzing time series at the Baltic Sea scale. We used dynamic factor analysis to study if there are common patterns of interannual variation that are shared (“common trends”) among summer phytoplankton total and class-level biomass time series observed across Baltic Sea latitudinal gradients in salinity and temperature. We evaluated alternative hypotheses regarding common trends among summer phytoplankton biomass: Baltic Sea-wide common trends; common trends by geography (latitude and basin); common trends differing among functional groups (phytoplankton classes); or common trends driven by both geography and functional group. Our results indicated little support for a common trend in total summer phytoplankton biomass. At a finer resolution, classes had common trends that were most closely associated with the cryptophyte and cyanobacteria time series with patterns that differed between northern and southern sampling stations. These common trends were also very sensitive to two anomalous years (1990, 2008) of cryptophyte biomass. The Baltic Sea Index, a regional climate index, was correlated with two common class trends that shifted in mean state around the mid-1990s. The limited coherence in phytoplankton biomass variation over time despite known, large-scale, ecosystem shifts suggests that stochastic dynamics at local scales limits the ability to observe common trends at the scale of monitoring data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Griffiths
- Department of Ecology, Environment, Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sirpa Lehtinen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Suikkanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment, Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Wells ML, Karlson B, Wulff A, Kudela R, Trick C, Asnaghi V, Berdalet E, Cochlan W, Davidson K, De Rijcke M, Dutkiewicz S, Hallegraeff G, Flynn KJ, Legrand C, Paerl H, Silke J, Suikkanen S, Thompson P, Trainer VL. Future HAB science: Directions and challenges in a changing climate. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 91:101632. [PMID: 32057342 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern that accelerating environmental change attributed to human-induced warming of the planet may substantially alter the patterns, distribution and intensity of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Changes in temperature, ocean acidification, precipitation, nutrient stress or availability, and the physical structure of the water column all influence the productivity, composition, and global range of phytoplankton assemblages, but large uncertainty remains about how integration of these climate drivers might shape future HABs. Presented here are the collective deliberations from a symposium on HABs and climate change where the research challenges to understanding potential linkages between HABs and climate were considered, along with new research directions to better define these linkages. In addition to the likely effects of physical (temperature, salinity, stratification, light, changing storm intensity), chemical (nutrients, ocean acidification), and biological (grazer) drivers on microalgae (senso lato), symposium participants explored more broadly the subjects of cyanobacterial HABs, benthic HABs, HAB effects on fisheries, HAB modelling challenges, and the contributions that molecular approaches can bring to HAB studies. There was consensus that alongside traditional research, HAB scientists must set new courses of research and practices to deliver the conceptual and quantitative advances required to forecast future HAB trends. These different practices encompass laboratory and field studies, long-term observational programs, retrospectives, as well as the study of socioeconomic drivers and linkages with aquaculture and fisheries. In anticipation of growing HAB problems, research on potential mitigation strategies should be a priority. It is recommended that a substantial portion of HAB research among laboratories be directed collectively at a small sub-set of HAB species and questions in order to fast-track advances in our understanding. Climate-driven changes in coastal oceanographic and ecological systems are becoming substantial, in some cases exacerbated by localized human activities. That, combined with the slow pace of decreasing global carbon emissions, signals the urgency for HAB scientists to accelerate efforts across disciplines to provide society with the necessary insights regarding future HAB trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Wells
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Bengt Karlson
- SMHI/Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Forskning & utveckling, oceanografi/Research & development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, 426 71 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Angela Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Raphael Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Charles Trick
- Department of Biology, Western University & Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- Università degli Studi di Genova (DiSTAV), C.so Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - William Cochlan
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center, Romberg Tiburon Campus, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA, 94920-1205, USA
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gustaaf Hallegraeff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Private Bag 129 Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Kevin J Flynn
- Department of Biosciences, Singleton Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Linnaeus University, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Hans Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Joe Silke
- Marine Institute, Renville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Sanna Suikkanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Thompson
- Marine and Atmospheric Science, CSIRO, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Environment and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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32
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Olofsson M, Suikkanen S, Kobos J, Wasmund N, Karlson B. Basin-specific changes in filamentous cyanobacteria community composition across four decades in the Baltic Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 91:101685. [PMID: 32057344 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Almost every summer, dense blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria are formed in the Baltic Sea. These blooms may cause problems for tourism and ecosystem services, where surface accumulations and beach fouling are commonly occurring. Future changes in environmental drivers, including climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances, may further enhance these problems. By compiling monitoring data from countries adjacent to the Baltic Sea, we present spatial and temporal genus-specific distribution of diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria (Nostocales) during four decades (1979-2017). While the summer surface salinity decreased with a half up to one unit, the surface temperature in July-August increased with 2-3 °C in most sub-basins of the Baltic Sea, during the time period. The biovolumes of the toxic Nodularia spumigena did not change in any of the sub-basins during the period. On the other hand, the biovolume of the non-toxic Aphanizomenon sp. and the potentially toxic Dolichospermum spp. increased in the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, along with the decreased salinity and elevated temperatures, but Aphanizomenon sp. decreased in the southern parts despite decreased salinity and increased temperatures. These contradictory changes in biovolume of Aphanizomenon sp. between the northern and southern parts of the Baltic Sea may be due to basin-specific effects of the changed environmental conditions, or can be related to local adaptation by sub-populations of the genera. Overall, this comprehensive dataset presents insights to genus-specific bloom dynamics by potentially harmful diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Olofsson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts Gata 15, 426 71, Västra Frölunda, Sweden.
| | - Sanna Suikkanen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Justyna Kobos
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography, Division of Marine Biotechnology, al. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Norbert Wasmund
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, D-18119, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts Gata 15, 426 71, Västra Frölunda, Sweden.
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33
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Hyytiäinen K, Bauer B, Bly Joyce K, Ehrnsten E, Eilola K, Gustafsson BG, Meier HEM, Norkko A, Saraiva S, Tomczak M, Zandersen M. Provision of aquatic ecosystem services as a consequence of societal changes: The case of the Baltic Sea. POPUL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hyytiäinen
- Department of Economics and Management University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | - Eva Ehrnsten
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University Sweden
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki Hanko Finland
| | - Kari Eilola
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Norrköping Sweden
| | - Bo G. Gustafsson
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University Sweden
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki Hanko Finland
| | - H. E. Markus Meier
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Norrköping Sweden
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde Rostock Germany
| | - Alf Norkko
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University Sweden
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki Hanko Finland
| | - Sofia Saraiva
- University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior Técnico, Environment and Energy Section Lisbon Portugal
| | | | - Marianne Zandersen
- Department of Environmental Science iClimate Interdiciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
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34
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Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Barreiro Felpeto A, Możdżeń K, Vasconcelos V, Latała A. Physiological Effects on Coexisting Microalgae of the Allelochemicals Produced by the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. and Nodularia Spumigena. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11120712. [PMID: 31817796 PMCID: PMC6950133 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies have documented the physiological effects of allelopathy from cyanobacteria against coexisting microalgae. We investigated the allelopathic ability of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. and Nodularia spumigena filtrates on several aspects related to the physiology of the target species: population growth, cell morphology, and several indexes of photosynthesis rate and respiration. The target species were the following: two species of green algae (Oocystis submarina, Chlorella vulgaris) and two species of diatoms (Bacillaria paxillifer, Skeletonema marinoi). These four species coexist in the natural environment with the employed strains of Synechococcus sp. and N. spumigena employed. The tests were performed with single and repeated addition of cyanobacterial cell-free filtrate. We also tested the importance of the growth phase in the strength of the allelopathic effect. The negative effects of both cyanobacteria were the strongest with repeated exudates addition, and generally, Synechococcus sp. and N. spumigena were allelopathic only in the exponential growth phase. O. submarina was not negatively affected by Synechococcus filtrates in any of the parameters studied, while C. vulgaris, B. paxillifer, and S. marinoi were affected in several ways. N. spumigena was characterized by a stronger allelopathic activity than Synechococcus sp., showing a negative effect on all target species. The highest decline in growth, as well as the most apparent cell physical damage, was observed for the diatom S. marinoi. Our findings suggest that cyanobacterial allelochemicals are associated with the cell physical damage, as well as a reduced performance in respiration and photosynthesis system in the studied microalgae which cause the inhibition of the population growth. Moreover, our study has shown that some biotic factors that increase the intensity of allelopathic effects may also alter the ratio between bloom-forming cyanobacteria and some phytoplankton species that occur in the same aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Avenue Piłsudskiego 46, P-81-378 Gdynia, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-68-92
| | - Aldo Barreiro Felpeto
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research-CIMAR/CIIMAR, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, PT-4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.B.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Katarzyna Możdżeń
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2 St., P-30-084 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research-CIMAR/CIIMAR, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, PT-4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.B.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, PT-4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adam Latała
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Avenue Piłsudskiego 46, P-81-378 Gdynia, Poland;
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Bauer B, Gustafsson BG, Hyytiäinen K, Meier HEM, Müller-Karulis B, Saraiva S, Tomczak MT. Food web and fisheries in the future Baltic Sea. AMBIO 2019; 48:1337-1349. [PMID: 31350721 PMCID: PMC6814650 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We developed numerical simulations of potential future ecological states of the Baltic Sea ecosystem at the end of century under five scenarios. We used a spatial food web (Ecospace) model, forced by a physical-biogeochemical model. The scenarios are built on consistent storylines that describe plausible developments of climatic and socioeconomic factors in the Baltic Sea region. Modelled species diversity and fish catches are driven by climate- and nutrient load-related changes in habitat quality and by fisheries management strategies. Our results suggest that a scenario including low greenhouse gas concentrations and nutrient pollution and ecologically focused fisheries management results in high biodiversity and catch value. On the other hand, scenarios envisioning increasing societal inequality or economic growth based on fossil fuels, high greenhouse gas emissions and high nutrient loads result in decreased habitat quality and diminished biodiversity. Under the latter scenarios catches are high but they predominantly consist of lower-valued fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bauer
- Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bo G. Gustafsson
- Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, Finland
| | - Kari Hyytiäinen
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. E. Markus Meier
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Bärbel Müller-Karulis
- Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Voleru iela 4, 1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sofia Saraiva
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Environment and Energy Section, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Forsblom L, Engström-öst J, Lehtinen S, Lips I, Lindén A. Environmental variables driving species and genus level changes in annual plankton biomass. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2019; 41:925-938. [PMID: 31920210 PMCID: PMC6946087 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic variables subject to global change are known to affect plankton biomasses, and these effects can be species-specific. Here, we investigate the environmental drivers of annual biomass using plankton data from the Gulf of Finland in the northern Baltic Sea, spanning years 1993-2016. We estimated annual biomass time-series of 31 nanoplankton and microplankton species and genera from day-level data, accounting for the average phenology and wind. We found wind effects on day-level biomass in 16 taxa. We subsequently used state-space models to connect the annual biomass changes with potential environmental drivers (temperature, salinity, stratification, ice cover and inorganic nutrients), simultaneously accounting for temporal trends. We found clear environmental effects influencing the annual biomasses of Dinobryon faculiferum, Eutreptiella spp., Protoperidinium bipes, Pseudopedinella spp., Snowella spp. and Thalassiosira baltica and indicative effects in 10 additional taxa. These effects mostly concerned temperature, salinity or stratification. Together, these 16 taxa represent two-thirds of the summer biomass in the sampled community. The inter-annual variability observed in salinity and temperature is relatively low compared to scenarios of predicted change in these variables. Therefore, the potential impacts of the presented effects on plankton biomasses are considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Forsblom
- ENVIRONMENTAL AND MARINE BIOLOGY, ÅBO AKADEMI UNIVERSITY, Artillerigatan 6, 20520 ÅBO, Finland
| | - Jonna Engström-öst
- Bioeconomy team, NOVIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, Raseborgsvägen 9, 10600 EKENäS, Finland
| | - Sirpa Lehtinen
- Marine Research Laboratory, MARINE RESEARCH CENTRE, FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE, Agnes Sjöbergin Latu 2, 00790 HELSINKI, Finland
| | - Inga Lips
- DEPARTMENT OF MARINE SYSTEMS, TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Akadeemia Rd. 15A, 12618 TALLINN, Estonia
| | - Andreas Lindén
- Bioeconomy team, NOVIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, Raseborgsvägen 9, 10600 EKENäS, Finland
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Santi I, Tsiola A, Dimitriou PD, Fodelianakis S, Kasapidis P, Papageorgiou N, Daffonchio D, Pitta P, Karakassis I. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community responses to N and P nutrient addition in oligotrophic Mediterranean coastal waters: Novel insights from DNA metabarcoding and network analysis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 150:104752. [PMID: 31326679 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the abrupt input of high quantities of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial plankton were investigated in an attempt to simulate the nutrient disturbances caused by eutrophication and climate change. Two nutrient levels were created through the addition of different quantities of dissolved nutrients in a mesocosm experiment. During the developed blooms, compositional differences were found within bacteria and microbial eukaryotes, and communities progressed towards species of faster metabolisms. Regarding the different nutrient concentrations, different microbial species were associated with each nutrient treatment and community changes spanned from the phylum to the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Network analyses revealed important differences in the biotic connections developed: more competitive relationships were established in the more intense nutrient disturbance and networks of contrasting complexity were formed around species of different ecological strategies. This work highlights that sudden disturbances in water column chemistry lead to the development of entirely different microbial food webs with distinct ecological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia Santi
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), PO Box 2214, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiola
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), PO Box 2214, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis D Dimitriou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Stilianos Fodelianakis
- Biological & Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panagiotis Kasapidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, PO Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nafsika Papageorgiou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological & Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paraskevi Pitta
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), PO Box 2214, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Karakassis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
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Havenhand JN, Filipsson HL, Niiranen S, Troell M, Crépin AS, Jagers S, Langlet D, Matti S, Turner D, Winder M, de Wit P, Anderson LG. Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification: Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System. AMBIO 2019; 48:831-854. [PMID: 30506502 PMCID: PMC6541583 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Susa Niiranen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Lilla Frescativägen 4, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sophie Crépin
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Lilla Frescativägen 4, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sverker Jagers
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 711, Sprängkullsgatan 19, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Langlet
- Department of Law, University of Gothenburg, Box 650, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Matti
- Department of Political Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - David Turner
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre de Wit
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif G. Anderson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ytreberg E, Hassellöv IM, Nylund AT, Hedblom M, Al-Handal AY, Wulff A. Effects of scrubber washwater discharge on microplankton in the Baltic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:316-324. [PMID: 31590793 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, the global cap of maximum allowable sulphur content in marine fuel will be reduced from the current 3.5% to 0.5%. Another way to reduce the sulphur emissions is to install a seawater scrubber that cleans exhausts but instead release acidic water containing nutrients and contaminants back to the marine environment. In the current study, scrubber washwater was tested on a Baltic Sea microplankton community. A significant increase in chlorophyll a, particulate organic phosphorus (POP), carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) were observed when the community was exposed to 10% scrubber washwater for 13 days as compared to the control. A laboratory experiment with the filamentous cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena and the chain-forming diatom Melosira cf. arctica showed negative responses in photosynthetic activity (EC10 = 8.6% for N. spumigena) and increased primary productivity (EC10 = 5.5% for M. cf. arctica), implying species-specific responses to scrubber washwater discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ytreberg
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ida-Maja Hassellöv
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda T Nylund
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Y Al-Handal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ejsmond MJ, Blackburn N, Fridolfsson E, Haecky P, Andersson A, Casini M, Belgrano A, Hylander S. Modeling vitamin B 1 transfer to consumers in the aquatic food web. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10045. [PMID: 31296876 PMCID: PMC6624374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B1 is an essential exogenous micronutrient for animals. Mass death and reproductive failure in top aquatic consumers caused by vitamin B1 deficiency is an emerging conservation issue in Northern hemisphere aquatic ecosystems. We present for the first time a model that identifies conditions responsible for the constrained flow of vitamin B1 from unicellular organisms to planktivorous fishes. The flow of vitamin B1 through the food web is constrained under anthropogenic pressures of increased nutrient input and, driven by climatic change, increased light attenuation by dissolved substances transported to marine coastal systems. Fishing pressure on piscivorous fish, through increased abundance of planktivorous fish that overexploit mesozooplankton, may further constrain vitamin B1 flow from producers to consumers. We also found that key ecological contributors to the constrained flow of vitamin B1 are a low mesozooplankton biomass, picoalgae prevailing among primary producers and low fluctuations of population numbers of planktonic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ejsmond
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - N Blackburn
- BIORAS, Hejreskovvej 18B, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Fridolfsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - P Haecky
- BIORAS, Hejreskovvej 18B, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Andersson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden
| | - M Casini
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 45330, Lysekil, Sweden
| | - A Belgrano
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 45330, Lysekil, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment (SIME), University of Gothenburg, Box 260, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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Kremp A, Hansen PJ, Tillmann U, Savela H, Suikkanen S, Voß D, Barrera F, Jakobsen HH, Krock B. Distributions of three Alexandrium species and their toxins across a salinity gradient suggest an increasing impact of GDA producing A. pseudogonyaulax in shallow brackish waters of Northern Europe. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 87:101622. [PMID: 31349884 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of Alexandrium spp. are a well-known phenomenon in Northern European waters. While A. tamarense/catenella, and A. pseudogonyaulax have been reported from marine waters, high densities of A. ostenfeldii are mainly observed at lower salinities in North Sea estuaries and the Baltic Sea, suggesting salinity as a driver of Alexandrium species composition and toxin distribution. To investigate this relationship, an oceanographic expedition through a natural salinity gradient was conducted in June 2016 along the coasts of Denmark. Besides hydrographic data, phytoplankton and sediment samples were collected for analyses of Alexandrium spp. cell and cyst abundances, for toxin measurement and cell isolation. Plankton data revealed the predominance of A. pseudogonyaulax at all transect stations while A. ostenfeldii and A. catenella generally contributed a minor fraction to the Alexandrium community. High abundances of A. pseudogonyaulax in the shallow enclosed Limfjord were accompanied by high amounts of goniodomin A (GDA). This toxin was also detected at low abundances along with A. pseudogonyaulax in the North Sea and the Kattegat. Genetic and morphological characterization of established strains showed high similarity of the Northern European population to distant geographic populations. Despite low cell abundances of A. ostenfeldii, different profiles of cycloimines were measured in the North Sea and in the Limfjord. This field survey revealed that salinity alone does not determine Alexandrium species and toxin distribution, but emphasizes the importance of habitat conditions such as proximity to seed banks, shelter, and high nutrient concentrations. The results show that A. pseudogonyaulax has become a prominent member of the Alexandrium spp. community over the past decade in the study area. Analyses of long term monitoring data from the Limfjord confirmed a recent shift to A. pseudogonyaulax dominance. Cyst and toxin records of the species in Kiel Bight suggest a spreading potential into the brackish Baltic Sea, which might lead to an expansion of blooms under future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Kremp
- Leibniz Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany; Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Per Juel Hansen
- University of Copenhagen, Marine Biological Section, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Henna Savela
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Suikkanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela Voß
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres (ICBM), Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Facundo Barrera
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias. Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Alonso de Ribera 2850, 4090541, Concepción, Chile
| | - Hans Henrik Jakobsen
- University of Århus, Institute for Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Carlsson P, Rita D. Sedimentation of Nodularia spumigena and distribution of nodularin in the food web during transport of a cyanobacterial bloom from the Baltic Sea to the Kattegat. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 86:74-83. [PMID: 31358279 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nodularia spumigena is a toxic cyanobacteria that blooms in the Baltic Sea every year. In the brackish water of the Baltic Sea, its toxin, nodularin, mainly affects the biota in the surface water due to the natural buoyancy of this species. However, the fate of the toxin is unknown, once the cyanobacteria bloom enters the more saline waters of the Kattegat. In order to investigate this knowledge gap, a bloom of N. spumigena was followed during its passage, carried by surface currents, from the Baltic Sea into the Kattegat area, through the Öresund strait. N. spumigena cells showed an increased cell concentration through the water column during the passage of the bloom (up to 130 103 cells ml-1), and cells (4.2 103 cells ml-1) could be found down to 20 m depth, below a pycnocline. Sedimentation trap samples from below the pycnocline (10-12 m depth) also showed an increased sedimentation of N. spumigena filaments during the passage of the bloom. The toxin nodularin was detected both in water samples (0.3-6.0 μg l-1), samples of sedimenting material (a toxin accumulation rate of 20 μg m-2 day-1), zooplankton (up to 0.1 ng ind.-1 in copepods), blue mussels (70-230 μg kg-1 DW), pelagic and benthic fish (herring (1.0-3.4 μg kg-1 DW in herring muscle or liver) and flounder (1.3-6.2 μg kg-1 DW in muscle, and 11.7-26.3 μg kg-1 DW in liver). A laboratory experiment showed that N. spumigena filaments developed a decreased buoyancy at increased salinities and that they were even sinking with a rate of up to 1,7 m day-1 at the highest salinity (32 PSU). This has implications for the fate of brackish water cyanobacterial blooms, when these reach more saline waters. It can be speculated that a significant part of the blooms content of nodularin will reach benthic organisms in this situation, compared to blooms decaying in brackish water, where most of the bloom is considered to be decomposed in the surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Carlsson
- Lund University, Dept. of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Diego Rita
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Costalago D, Bauer B, Tomczak MT, Lundström K, Winder M. The necessity of a holistic approach when managing marine mammal-fisheries interactions: Environment and fisheries impact are stronger than seal predation. AMBIO 2019; 48:552-564. [PMID: 30536186 PMCID: PMC6486897 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seal populations are recovering in many regions around the world and, consequently, they are increasingly interacting with fisheries. We used an Ecopath with Ecosim model for the offshore Central Baltic Sea to investigate the interactions between the changes in fish stocks and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) population under different fishing and environmental scenarios for the twenty-first century. The assumed climate, eutrophication and cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries scenarios modified seal predation impacts on fish. Fish biomass and catches are more affected by fishing mortality and the environment than by seal predation. Our results highlight that the impacts of the increasing seal population on lower trophic levels are complex; thus, we emphasize the need to consider a range of possible ecosystem contexts when evaluating potential impacts of top predators. Finally, we suggest that an increasing seal population is not likely to hinder the preservation of the main Baltic fish stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costalago
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Campus Frescati, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 F, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, UBC-AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Barbara Bauer
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Campus Frescati, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 F, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maciej T. Tomczak
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Campus Frescati, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 F, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Lundström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Turistgatan 5, 45330 Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Campus Frescati, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 F, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Pálffy K, Vörös L. Phytoplankton functional composition shows higher seasonal variability in a large shallow lake after a eutrophic past. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Károly Pálffy
- Balaton Limnological Institute MTA Centre for Ecological Research 3 Klebelsberg Kuno Street Tihany H‐8237 Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group MTA Centre for Ecological Research 3 Klebelsberg Kuno Street Tihany H‐8237 Hungary
| | - Lajos Vörös
- Balaton Limnological Institute MTA Centre for Ecological Research 3 Klebelsberg Kuno Street Tihany H‐8237 Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group MTA Centre for Ecological Research 3 Klebelsberg Kuno Street Tihany H‐8237 Hungary
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47
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Kröncke I, Neumann H, Dippner JW, Holbrook S, Lamy T, Miller R, Padedda BM, Pulina S, Reed DC, Reinikainen M, Satta CT, Sechi N, Soltwedel T, Suikkanen S, Lugliè A. Comparison of biological and ecological long-term trends related to northern hemisphere climate in different marine ecosystems. NATURE CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.34.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Data from five sites of the International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network in the North-Eastern Pacific, Western Arctic Ocean, Northern Baltic Sea, South-Eastern North Sea and in the Western Mediterranean Sea were analyzed by dynamic factor analysis (DFA) to trace common multi-year trends in abundance and composition of phytoplankton, benthic fauna and temperate reef fish. Multiannual trends were related to climate and environmental variables to study interactions. Two common trends in biological responses were detected, with temperature and climate indices as explanatory variables in four of the five LTER sites considered. Only one trend was observed at the fifth site, the Northern Baltic Sea, where no explanatory variables were identified. Our findings revealed quasi-synchronous biological shifts in the different marine ecosystems coincident with the 2000 climatic regime shift and provided evidence on a possible further biological shift around 2010. The observed biological modifications were coupled with abrupt or continuous increase in sea water and air temperature confirming the key-role of temperature in structuring marine communities.
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48
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Hinners J, Hense I, Kremp A. Modelling phytoplankton adaptation to global warming based on resurrection experiments. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Olofsson M, Lindehoff E, Legrand C. Production stability and biomass quality in microalgal cultivation - Contribution of community dynamics. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:330-340. [PMID: 32625012 PMCID: PMC6999223 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prospect of using constructed communities of microalgae in algal cultivation was confirmed in this study. Three different algal communities, constructed of diatoms (Diatom), green algae (Green), and cyanobacteria (Cyano), each mixed with a natural community of microalgae were cultivated in batch and semi-continuous mode and fed CO2 or cement flue gas (12-15% CO2). Diatom had the highest growth rate but Green had the highest yield. Changes in the community composition occurred throughout the experiment. Green algae were the most competitive group, while filamentous cyanobacteria were outcompeted. Euglenoids, recruited from scarce species in the natural community became a large part of the biomass in semi-steady state in all communities. High temporal and yield stability were demonstrated in all communities during semi-steady state. Valuable products (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) comprised 61.5 ± 5% of ash-free biomass and were similar for the three communities with lipids ranging 14-26% of dry mass (DM), proteins (15-28% DM) and carbohydrates (9-23% DM). Our results indicate that culture functions (stability, biomass quality) were maintained while dynamic changes occurred in community composition. We propose that a multispecies community approach can aid sustainability in microalgal cultivation, through complementary use of resources and higher culture stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Olofsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | - Elin Lindehoff
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
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50
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Angeler DG, Allen CR, Twidwell D, Winder M. Discontinuity Analysis Reveals Alternative Community Regimes During Phytoplankton Succession. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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