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Ghosh R, Bishayi B. Endogenous blocking of TLR2 along with TNF-α and IL-1β ameliorates the severity of the S. aureus arthritis via modulating STAT3/SOCS3 expressions in tissue resident macrophages. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106518. [PMID: 38160988 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In vivo studies identifying a role of TLR2 in septic arthritis models are lacking. TNF-α played as the most important proinflammatory cytokine, and connected directly to the pathogenesis of bacterial arthritis. IL-1β is another central mediator cytokine in arthritis. It is therefore reasonable to question the role of neutralization of endogenous TNF-α and IL-1β along with TLR2 and associated downstream signaling as crucial mediators in the S. aureus -induced inflammatory arthritis. In reaction to an injury or a pathogen encounter, innate immune cells serve as the initial line of defense. TLR2 mediated entry of S. aureus into macrophage cells initiates an array of inflammatory cascades. After macrophage cell gets activated at the site inflammation, they generate elevated number of cytokines which includes TNF-α, IL-1β. This cytokines signals through STAT1/STAT3 mediated pathways. Thus, aim of this study was to discover how This bone damage could be altered by altering the STAT/STAT3/SOCS3 ratio by blocking TLR2, a particular S. aureus binding site, in conjunction with the use of IL-1 and TNF- antibodies for neutralizing endogenous IL-1β and TNF-α. Additionally, the role of local macrophages in therapy of arthritis was investigated in synovial and Splenic tissue. To comprehend the inflammatory milieu within the system, ROS and other antioxidant enzymes, along with the expression of mTOR in macrophage cells, were also taken into consideration. The detrimental impact of bacterial burden on synovial joints was reduced by simultaneously inhibiting TLR2, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Lowered IFN-γ decreases its sensitivity to STAT1 and lowered IL-6 reduces STAT3 expressions. Whereas, elevated IL-10 enhances SOSC3 expression, which thereby able to limits STAT1/STAT3 inter-conversion. As a result, NF-κB activity was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Steinberg N, Galleguillos D, Zaidi A, Horkey M, Sipione S. Naïve Huntington's disease microglia mount a normal response to inflammatory stimuli but display a partially impaired development of innate immune tolerance that can be counteracted by ganglioside GM1. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:276. [PMID: 37996924 PMCID: PMC10668379 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic activation and dysfunction of microglia have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a genetic condition caused by a mutation that affects the folding and function of huntingtin (HTT). Signs of microglia activation have been observed in HD patients even before the onset of symptoms. It is unclear, however, whether pro-inflammatory microglia activation in HD results from cell-autonomous expression of mutant HTT, is the response of microglia to a diseased brain environment, or both. In this study, we used primary microglia isolated from HD knock-in (Q140) and wild-type (Q7) mice to investigate their response to inflammatory conditions in vitro in the absence of confounding effects arising from brain pathology. We show that naïve Q140 microglia do not undergo spontaneous pro-inflammatory activation and respond to inflammatory triggers, including stimulation of TLR4 and TLR2 and exposure to necrotic cells, with similar kinetics of pro-inflammatory gene expression as wild-type microglia. Upon termination of the inflammatory insult, the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines is tapered off in Q140 and wild-type microglia with similar kinetics. However, the ability of Q140 microglia to develop tolerance in response to repeated inflammatory stimulations is partially impaired in vitro and in vivo, potentially contributing to the establishment of chronic neuroinflammation in HD. We further show that ganglioside GM1, a glycosphingolipid with anti-inflammatory effects on wild-type microglia, not only decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in activated Q140 microglia, but also dramatically dampen microglia response to re-stimulation with LPS in an experimental model of tolerance. These effects are independent from the expression of interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3 (Irak-3), a strong modulator of LPS signaling involved in the development of innate immune tolerance and previously shown to be upregulated by immune cell treatment with gangliosides. Altogether, our data suggest that external triggers are required for HD microglia activation, but a cell-autonomous dysfunction that affects the ability of HD microglia to acquire tolerance might contribute to the establishment of neuroinflammation in HD. Administration of GM1 might be beneficial to attenuate chronic microglia activation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Steinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danny Galleguillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asifa Zaidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Simonetta Sipione
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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3
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Tan X, Wang L, Smith WK, Sun H, Long L, Mao L, Huang Q, Huang H, Zhong Z. Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea affects the immune system and increases sleep in zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1246761. [PMID: 38035004 PMCID: PMC10687561 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1246761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of adequate sleep for good health cannot be overstated. Excessive light exposure at night disrupts sleep, therefore, it is important to find more healthy drinks that can promote sleep under sleep-disturbed conditions. The present study investigated the use of A. sinensis (Lour.) Spreng leaf tea, a natural product, to reduce the adverse effects of nighttime light on sleep. Here, Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea at 1.0 and 1.5 g/L significantly increased sleep time in zebrafish larvae (5-7 dpf) with light-induced sleep disturbance. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis revealed a decrease in the immune-related genes, such as nfkbiab, tnfrsf1a, nfkbiaa, il1b, traf3, and cd40 in the 1.5 g/L Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea treatment group. In addition, a gene associated with sleep, bhlhe41, showed a significant decrease. Moreover, Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea suppressed the increase in neutrophils of Tg(mpo:GFP) zebrafish under sleep-disturbed conditions, indicating its ability to improve the immune response. Widely targeted metabolic profiling of the Aquilaria sinensis tea using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) revealed flavonoids as the predominant component. Network pharmacological and molecular docking analyses suggested that the flavonoids quercetin and eupatilin in Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea improved the sleep of zebrafish by interacting with il1b and cd40 genes under light exposure at night. Therefore, the results of the study provide evidence supporting the notion that Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea has a positive impact on sleep patterns in zebrafish subjected to disrupted sleep due to nighttime light exposure. This suggests that the utilization of Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea as a potential therapeutic intervention for sleep disturbances induced by light may yield advantageous outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - William Kojo Smith
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayan Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Long
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Liyan Mao
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuwei Huang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Huifang Huang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaomin Zhong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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4
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Linking nervous and immune systems in psychiatric illness: A meta-analysis of the kynurenine pathway. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148190. [PMID: 36463958 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid absorbed by the gut depending on a homoeostatic microbiome. Up to 95% of unbound tryptophan is converted into tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) through the kynurenine system. Recent studies identified conflicting associations between altered levels of TRYCATs and genetic polymorphisms in major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and bipolar disorder (BD). This meta-analysis aimed to understand how tryptophan catabolic pathways are altered in MDD, SCZ, and BD. When compared to healthy controls, participants with MDD had moderately lower levels of tryptophan associated with a moderate increase of kynurenine/tryptophan ratios and no differences in kynurenine. While significant differences were found in SCZ for any of the TRYCATs, studies on kynurenic acid found opposing directions of effect sizes depending on the sample source. Unique changes in levels of TRYCATs were also observed in BD. Dynamic changes in levels of cytokines and other immune/inflammatory elements modulate the transcription and activity of kynurenine system enzymes, which lastly seems to be impacting glutamatergic neurotransmission via N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-7 nicotine receptors.
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5
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Pajarillo E, Nyarko-Danquah I, Digman A, Vied C, Son DS, Lee J, Aschner M, Lee E. Astrocytic Yin Yang 1 is critical for murine brain development and protection against apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Glia 2023; 71:450-466. [PMID: 36300569 PMCID: PMC9772165 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, regulating the expression of a variety of genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a context-dependent manner. While it is well-established that global YY1 knockout (KO) leads to embryonic death in mice and that YY1 deletion in neurons or oligodendrocytes induces impaired brain function, the role of astrocytic YY1 in the brain remains unknown. We investigated the role of astrocytic YY1 in the brain using a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-specific YY1 conditional KO (YY1 cKO) mouse model to delete astrocytic YY1. Astrocytic YY1 cKO mice were tested for behavioral phenotypes, such as locomotor activity, coordination, and cognition, followed by an assessment of relevant biological pathways using RNA-sequencing analysis, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry in the cortex, midbrain, and cerebellum. YY1 cKO mice showed abnormal phenotypes, movement deficits, and cognitive dysfunction. At the molecular level, astrocytic YY1 deletion altered the expression of genes associated with proliferation and differentiation, p53/caspase apoptotic pathways, oxidative stress response, and inflammatory signaling including NF-κB, STAT, and IRF in all regions. Astrocytic YY1 deletion significantly increased the expression of GFAP as astrocytic activation and Iba1 as microglial activation, indicating astrocytic YY1 deletion activated microglia as well. Accordingly, multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including TNF-α and CXCL10 were elevated. Combined, these novel findings suggest that astrocytic YY1 is a critical transcription factor for normal brain development and locomotor activity, motor coordination, and cognition. Astrocytic YY1 is also essential in preventing pathological oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 32307
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 32307
| | - Alexis Digman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 32307
| | - Cynthia Vied
- Translational Science Laboratory, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA 32306
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 37208
| | - Jayden Lee
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, USA, 10461
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 32307
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6
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Sweet Corn Extract on Il-1β-Induced Inflammation in a Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Line (ARPE-19). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032462. [PMID: 36768783 PMCID: PMC9917234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease associated with aging. Development of AMD is related to degeneration and dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) caused by low-grade chronic inflammation in aged RPE cells leading to visual loss and blindness. Sweet corn is a good source of lutein and zeaxanthin, which were reported to exert various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms of SCE to inhibit the production of inflammatory biomarkers related to AMD development. Cells were pretreated with SCE for 1 h followed by stimulation with IL-1β for another 24 h. The results demonstrated that SCE attenuated IL-1β-induced production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 and the expression of ICAM-1 and iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SCE suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, p38, and NF-κB (p65) in IL-1β-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. These results proved that SCE protected ARPE-19 cells from IL-1β-induced inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory markers partly via suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Overall, SCE is a potential agent for the prevention of AMD development, which should be further evaluated in animals.
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7
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Treacy C, Levenstein JM, Jefferies A, Metse AP, Schaumberg MA, Villani A, Boucas AP, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J, Andrews SC. The LEISURE Study: A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol for a Multi-Modal Lifestyle Intervention Study to Reduce Dementia Risk in Healthy Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:841-856. [PMID: 37334601 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is understood to arise from a mixed etiology, enveloping chronic inflammatory and vascular impacts on the brain, driven by a constellation of modifiable risk factors which are largely mediated by lifestyle-related behaviors. These risk factors manifest over a prolonged preclinical period and account for up to 40% of the population attributable risk for dementia, representing viable targets for early interventions aimed at abating disease onset and progression. Here we outline the protocol for a 12-week randomized control trial (RCT) of a multimodal Lifestyle Intervention Study for Dementia Risk Reduction (LEISURE), with longitudinal follow-up at 6-months and 24-months post-intervention. This trial integrates exercise, diet, sleep, and mindfulness to simultaneously target multiple different etiopathogenetic mechanisms and their interplay in a healthy older adult population (aged 50-85 years), and assesses dementia risk reduction as the primary endpoint. The LEISURE study is located in the Sunshine Coast region of Australia, which has one of the nation's highest proportions of adults aged over 50 years (36.4%), and corresponding dementia prevalence. This trial is novel in its inclusion of mindfulness and sleep as multidomain lifestyle targets, and in its comprehensive suite of secondary outcomes (based on psychological, physical health, sleep activity, and cognitive data) as well as exploratory neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography) and molecular biology measures. These measures will provide greater insights into the brain-behavioral underpinnings of dementia prevention, as well as the predictors and impacts of the proposed lifestyle intervention. The LEISURE study was prospectively registered (ACTRN12620000054910) on 19 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Treacy
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacob M Levenstein
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Annelise Jefferies
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexandra P Metse
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mia A Schaumberg
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
- Manna Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Ana P Boucas
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie C Andrews
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
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8
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Zheng J, Lin C, Lee H, Chang W, Li L, Su C, Lee K, Chiu H, Lin Y. AIM2 upregulation promotes metastatic progression and PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:306-320. [PMID: 36104978 PMCID: PMC9807530 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis leading to the dysfunction of invaded organs is the main cause of the reduced survival rates in lung cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism for lung cancer metastasis remains unclear. Recently, the increased activity of inflammasome appeared to correlate with the metastatic progression and immunosuppressive ability of various cancer types. Our results showed that the mRNA levels of absence in melanoma 2 (AIM2), one of the inflammasome members, are extensively upregulated in primary tumors compared with normal tissues derived from the TCGA lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) database. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that a higher mRNA level of AIM2 refers to a poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Particularly, AIM2 upregulation is closely correlated with smoking history and the absence of EGFR/KRAS/ALK mutations in LUAD. We further showed that the endogenous mRNA levels of AIM2 are causally associated with the metastatic potentials of the tested LUAD cell lines. AIM2 knockdown suppressed but overexpression promoted the migration ability and lung colony-forming ability of tested LUAD cells. In addition, we found that AIM2 upregulation is closely associated with an increased level of immune checkpoint gene set, as well as programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) transcript, in TCGA LUAD samples. AIM2 knockdown predominantly repressed but overexpression enhanced PD-L1 expression via altering the activity of PD-L1 transcriptional regulators NF-κB/STAT1 in LUAD cells. Our results not only provide a possible mechanism underlying the AIM2-promoted metastatic progression and immune evasion of LUAD but also offer a new strategy for combating metastatic/immunosuppressive LUAD via targeting AIM2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Quan Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Che‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsun‐Hua Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Dizziness and Balance Disorder Center, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Ming Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Li‐Jie Li
- Ph.D. Program of School of Dentistry, College of Oral MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yi Su
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kang‐Yun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan,TMU Research Center of Urology and KidneyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yuan‐Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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9
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IL10/AMPK pathway was associated with the hippocampal anti-inflammatory response to high-sugar and high-fat diet withdrawal. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1365-1374. [PMID: 36083322 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of consuming an obesogenic diet (OD) on serum and hippocampal inflammation and proteins related to energy metabolism, alongside, we evaluated how the same parameters responded to an OD withdrawal. SUBJECTS Thirty male 60-days-old Wistar rats were used. METHODS The control group (n = 10) was fed the control diet across the whole experiment. The remaining animals were fed a high-sugar/high-fat (HSHF) diet for 30 days (n = 20) and half of them were placed on the control diet for 48 h (n = 10) afterwards. RESULTS OD intake decreased hippocampal AMPK phosphorylation, although, it did not increase serum inflammation and only increased hippocampal pNFκBp65 levels without any increase in the cytokines assessed. Moreover, OD withdrawal led to higher inflammatory markers in the serum and hippocampus and higher hippocampal AMPK phosphorylation. The mediation models applied suggested that the effect of OD withdrawal on hippocampal inflammation was driven by serum inflammation, which activated the hippocampal IL10/AMPK anti-inflammatory pathway as a response. CONCLUSION Our analyses suggest that OD withdrawal increases serum inflammation with hippocampal consequent inflammatory alterations. Despite the general assumption that improving diet improves health, this may not be immediate.
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10
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Broekaart DWM, Zimmer TS, Cohen ST, Tessers R, Anink JJ, de Vries HE, Gorter JA, Prades R, Aronica E, van Vliet EA. The Gelatinase Inhibitor ACT-03 Reduces Gliosis in the Rapid Kindling Rat Model of Epilepsy, and Attenuates Inflammation and Loss of Barrier Integrity In Vitro. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092117. [PMID: 36140216 PMCID: PMC9495904 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases responsible for the cleavage of intra- and extracellular proteins. Several brain MMPs have been implicated in neurological disorders including epilepsy. We recently showed that the novel gelatinase inhibitor ACT-03 has disease-modifying effects in models of epilepsy. Here, we studied its effects on neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Using the rapid kindling rat model of epilepsy, we examined whether ACT-03 affected astro- and microgliosis in the brain using immunohistochemistry. Cellular and molecular alterations were further studied in vitro using human fetal astrocyte and brain endothelial cell (hCMEC/D3) cultures, with a focus on neuroinflammatory markers as well as on barrier permeability using an endothelial and astrocyte co-culture model. We observed less astro- and microgliosis in the brains of kindled animals treated with ACT-03 compared to control vehicle-treated animals. In vitro, ACT-03 treatment attenuated stimulation-induced mRNA expression of several pro-inflammatory factors in human fetal astrocytes and brain endothelial cells, as well as a loss of barrier integrity in endothelial and astrocyte co-cultures. Since ACT-03 has disease-modifying effects in epilepsy models, possibly via limiting gliosis, inflammation, and barrier integrity loss, it is of interest to further evaluate its effects in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede W. M. Broekaart
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Till S. Zimmer
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie T. Cohen
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Tessers
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J. Anink
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Prades
- Accure Therapeutics S.L., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 2103 SW Heemstede, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (E.A.v.V.)
| | - Erwin A. van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (E.A.v.V.)
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11
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Minocycline Attenuates Microglia/Macrophage Phagocytic Activity and Inhibits SAH-Induced Neuronal Cell Death and Inflammation. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:410-423. [PMID: 35585424 PMCID: PMC9519684 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuroprotective treatment strategies aiming at interfering with either inflammation or cell death indicate the importance of these mechanisms in the development of brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of minocycline on microglia/macrophage cell activity and its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory impact 14 days after aneurismal SAH in mice. Methods Endovascular filament perforation was used to induce SAH in mice. SAH + vehicle-operated mice were used as controls for SAH vehicle-treated mice and SAH + minocycline-treated mice. The drug administration started 4 h after SAH induction and was daily repeated until day 7 post SAH and continued until day 14 every second day. Brain cryosections were immunolabeled for Iba1 to detect microglia/macrophages and NeuN to visualize neurons. Phagocytosis assay was performed to determine the microglia/macrophage activity status. Apoptotic cells were stained using terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to estimate cytokine gene expression. Results We observed a significantly reduced phagocytic activity of microglia/macrophages accompanied by a lowered spatial interaction with neurons and reduced neuronal apoptosis achieved by minocycline administration after SAH. Moreover, the SAH-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal cell death was markedly attenuated by the compound. Conclusions Minocycline treatment may be implicated as a therapeutic approach with long-term benefits in the management of secondary brain injury after SAH in a clinically relevant time window. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12028-022-01511-5.
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Van den Broek B, Wuyts C, Sisto A, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, Somers V, Timmerman V, Hellings N, Irobi J. Oligodendroglia-derived extracellular vesicles activate autophagy via LC3B/BAG3 to protect against oxidative stress with an enhanced effect for HSPB8 enriched vesicles. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:58. [PMID: 35513867 PMCID: PMC9069805 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The contribution of native or modified oligodendroglia-derived extracellular vesicles (OL-EVs) in controlling chronic inflammation is poorly understood. In activated microglia, OL-EVs contribute to the removal of cytotoxic proteins following a proteotoxic stress. Intracellular small heat shock protein B8 (HSPB8) sustain this function by facilitating autophagy and protecting cells against oxidative stress mediated cell death. Therefore, secretion of HSPB8 in OL-EVs could be beneficial for neurons during chronic inflammation. However, how secreted HSPB8 contribute to cellular proteostasis remains to be elucidated. Methods We produced oligodendroglia-derived EVs, either native (OL-EVs) or HSPB8 modified (OL-HSPB8-EVs), to investigate their effects in controlling chronic inflammation and cellular homeostasis. We analyzed the impact of both EV subsets on either a resting or activated microglial cell line and on primary mixed neural cell culture cells. Cells were activated by stimulating with either tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1-beta or with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Results We show that OL-EVs and modified OL-HSPB8-EVs are internalized by C20 microglia and by primary mixed neural cells. The cellular uptake of OL-HSPB8-EVs increases the endogenous HSPB8 mRNA expression. Consistently, our results revealed that both EV subsets maintained cellular homeostasis during chronic inflammation with an increase in the formation of autophagic vesicles. Both EV subsets conveyed LC3B-II and BAG3 autophagy markers with an enhanced effect observed for OL-HSPB8-EVs. Moreover, stimulation with either native or modified OL-HSPB8-EVs showed a significant reduction in ubiquitinated protein, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial depolarization, with OL-HSPB8-EVs exhibiting a more protective effect. Both EV subsets did not induce cell death in the C20 microglia cell line or the primary mixed neural cultures. Conclusion We demonstrate that the functions of oligodendroglia secreted EVs enriched with HSPB8 have a supportive role, comparable to the native OL-EVs. Further development of engineered oligodendroglia derived EVs could be a novel therapeutic strategy in countering chronic inflammation. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00863-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van den Broek
- Department of Immunology and Infections, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Wuyts
- Department of Immunology and Infections, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Angela Sisto
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle Somers
- Department of Immunology and Infections, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology and Infections, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Joy Irobi
- Department of Immunology and Infections, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
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Nayek S, Lund AK, Verbeck GF. Inhalation exposure to silver nanoparticles induces hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, associated with altered renin-angiotensin system signaling, in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:457-467. [PMID: 34792841 PMCID: PMC8810614 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become increasingly popular in the biomedical field over the last few decades due to its proven antibacterial property. Previous scientific studies have reported that one of the major organs responsible for detoxification of AgNPs is the liver. The liver is also the primary organ responsible for secretion of angiotensinogen (AGT), a key signaling molecule involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays an important role in maintaining cardiac output and vascular pressure. The aim of this study was to assess any potential changes in the RAS-associated gene signaling, inflammatory response, and hepatocellular toxicity resulting from AgNP exposure. To do this, 6-week-old, male Wistar rats were exposed to a subacute inhalation exposure of AgNP (200 ppb/days over 4 h/days exposure, for 5 d) and their livers were analyzed for alterations in RAS components, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Real time qPCR analysis showed that AgNP-exposure resulted in a significant increase in hepatic AGT, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-1, and ACE-2 mRNA expression. Expression of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also upregulated with AgNP-exposure, compared to controls. Furthermore AgNP-exposure mediated a significant increase in hepatic expression of catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and oxidative stress, as assessed via 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine staining. Increased oxidative stress was associated with increased monocyte/macrophage-2 staining in the liver of AgNP-exposed rats. Such findings indicate that subacute inhalation exposure to AgNPs mediate increased hepatic RAS signaling, associated with inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayu Nayek
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Amie K. Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Guido F. Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Guido F. Verbeck, Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W. Mulberry St., Denton, TX, 76201,
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Salwierak-Głośna K, Piątek P, Domowicz M, Świderek-Matysiak M. Effect of Multiple Sclerosis Cerebrospinal Fluid and Oligodendroglia Cell Line Environment on Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042177. [PMID: 35216294 PMCID: PMC8878514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder of autoimmune aetiology. Experimental therapies with the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a response to the unmet need for new treatment options. The unique immunomodulatory features of stem cells obtained from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) make them an interesting research and therapeutic model. Most WJ-MSCs transplants for multiple sclerosis use intrathecal administration. We studied the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from MS patients on the secretory activity of WJ-MSCs and broaden this observation with WJ-MSCs interactions with human oligodendroglia cell line (OLs). Analysis of the WJ-MSCs secretory activity with use of Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine confirmed significant and diverse immunomodulatory potential. Our data reveal rich WJ-MSCs secretome with markedly increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1 synthesis and a favourable profile of growth factors. The addition of MS CSF to the WJ-MSCs culture caused depletion of most proteins measured, only IL-12, RANTES and GM-CSF levels were increased. Most cytokines and chemokines decreased their concentrations in WJ-MSCs co-cultured with OLs, only eotaxin and RANTES levels were slightly increased. These results emphasize the spectrum of the immunomodulatory properties of WJ-MSCs and show how those effects can be modulated depending on the transplantation milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Piątek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Domowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariola Świderek-Matysiak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Lin J, Li Q, Jin T, Wang J, Gong Y, Lv Q, Wang M, Chen J, Shang M, Zhao Y, Fu G. Cardiomyocyte IL-1R2 protects heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating IL-17RA-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:90. [PMID: 35087030 PMCID: PMC8795442 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex process with intense inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. As a decoy receptor of IL-1β, Interleukin-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2) inhibits IL-1β signaling. However, its role in I/R injury remains unknown. Here we found that the serum levels of IL-1R2 were significantly increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following interventional therapy. Similarly, after myocardial I/R surgery, IL-1R2 expression was significantly increased in heart of wild-type mice. In addition, IL-1R2-deficient mice heart showed enlarged infarct size, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis together with reduced cardiac systolic function. Following exposure to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R), neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) significantly increased IL-1R2 expression relying on NF-κB activation. Consistently, IL-1R2-deficient mice increased immune cells infiltrating into heart after surgery, which was relevant with cardiac damage. Additionally, IL-1R2 overexpression in cardiomyocyte protected cardiomyocyte against apoptosis through reducing the IL-17RA expression both in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that IL-1R2 protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis, which provides a therapeutic approach to turn down myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinfeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Tonini C, Schiavi S, Macca F, Segatto M, Trezza V, Pallottini V. Long-lasting impact of perinatal dietary supplementation of omega 3 fatty acids on mevalonate pathway: potential role on neuron trophism in male offspring hippocampal formation. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:110-121. [PMID: 32037984 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1724452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We were aimed at evaluating the long-term impact of perinatal an omega-3 fatty acid-enriched diet on the mevalonate/cholesterol pathway in the brain of male offspring.Methods: Female rats were fed with standard or omega-3 fatty acid-enriched diet during pregnancy and lactation. Liver, brain and plasma were collected from infant, adolescent and adult male offspring for subsequent biochemical and morphological analyses.Results: The omega-3 enriched diet induced region-dependent changes of the 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase in the brain and affected notably RhoA/CREB signaling and the nerve growth factor content in the hippocampus. Our data reveal a long-lasting impact of perinatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on hippocampal nerve growth factor levels mediated by reduced 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase activation state and enhanced CREB signaling.Discussion: These data underline the importance of the perinatal omega-3 enriched diet for adult brain function and reveal a new pathway important for nerve growth factor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tonini
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Schiavi
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Macca
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
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17
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Ahmad T, Eapen MS, Ishaq M, Park AY, Karpiniec SS, Stringer DN, Sohal SS, Fitton JH, Guven N, Caruso V, Eri R. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Extracts In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:702. [PMID: 34940701 PMCID: PMC8704339 DOI: 10.3390/md19120702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5-30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef Ahmad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Ah Young Park
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Samuel S. Karpiniec
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Damien N. Stringer
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - J. Helen Fitton
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
- RDadvisor, Hobart, TAS 7006, Australia
| | - Nuri Guven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
- ISAL Foundation, Research on Pain, Torre Pedrera, 204-47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
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Mohammadi N, Asle-Rousta M, Rahnema M, Amini R. Morin attenuates memory deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174506. [PMID: 34534533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of flavonoid morin on oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and histological, molecular, and behavioral changes caused by amyloid-beta (Aβ)1-42 in male Wistar rats (Alzheimer's disease model). Rats received morin (20 mg/kg, oral gavage) for 14 consecutive days after intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42. Morin decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, increased glutathione content, and enhanced catalase activity in the hippocampus of animals receiving Aβ1-42. It also reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor-kappa B, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-injected rats. Besides, morin modified neuronal loss and histological changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Morin allowed Aβ1-42-infused rats to swim more time in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test. It is concluded that morin may be suitable for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease by strengthening the antioxidant system, inhibiting neuroinflammation, preventing neuronal death, and enhancing memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rahnema
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rahim Amini
- Department of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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Cheng YC, Chiu YM, Dai ZK, Wu BN. Loganin Ameliorates Painful Diabetic Neuropathy by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Insulin Sensitivity in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats. Cells 2021; 10:2688. [PMID: 34685668 PMCID: PMC8534751 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Loganin is an iridoid glycoside with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, glucose-lowering activities which may address the pathological mechanisms of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of action of loganin on PDN. The in vivo model of PDN was established by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induction in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Subsequently, loganin (5 mg/kg) was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection. High-glucose stimulated human SH-SY5Y cells co-incubated with loganin were used to mimic the in vitro model of PDN. Loganin improved PDN rats' associated pain behaviors (allodynia and hyperalgesia), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione. Loganin also reduced pain-associated channel protein CaV3.2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the surficial spinal dorsal horn of PDN rats. Loganin inhibited oxidative stress and NF-κB activation and decreased the levels of mRNA and protein of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. Moreover, loganin attenuated insulin resistance by modulating the JNK-IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1)-Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway in PDN rats. These results suggested that loganin improved PDN-mediated pain behaviors by inhibiting oxidative stress-provoked inflammation in the spinal cord, resulting in improved neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Yu-Min Chiu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Tyagi A, Mirita C, Shah I, Reddy PH, Pugazhenthi S. Effects of Lipotoxicity in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Sirt3 Deficiency-Potential Role in Comorbid Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:716616. [PMID: 34393764 PMCID: PMC8355826 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.716616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silence information regulator 3 (SIRT3) is an NAD+ dependent deacetylase enzyme that enhances the function of key mitochondrial proteins. We have earlier demonstrated that deletion of Sirt3 gene leads to downregulation of metabolic enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain, the major causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We also reported recently that Sirt3 gene deletion in Alzheimer’s transgenic mice leads to exacerbation of neuroinflammation, amyloid plaque deposition and microglial activation. AD often coexists with other brain lesions caused by comorbidities which can exert their deleterious effects through the neurovascular unit. This unit consists of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), end feet of astrocytes, and pericytes. BMECs are uniquely different from other vascular endothelial cells because they are glued together by tight-junction proteins. BMECs are in constant contact with circulating factors as they line the luminal side. Therefore, we hypothesized that vascular endothelial injury caused by comorbidities plays a significant role in neuroinflammation. Herein, we investigated the effects of lipotoxicity in BMECs and how Sirt3 deficiency facilitate the deleterious effects of lipotoxicity on them using in vivo and in vitro models. We observed decreases in the levels of SIRT3 and tight junction proteins in the brain samples of western diet-fed APP/PS1 mice. Similar observations were obtained with Alzheimer’s post-mortem samples. Exposure of BEND3 cells, mouse brain-derived Endothelial cells3, to a combination of high glucose and palmitic acid resulted in significant (P < 0.01-P < 0.001) decreases in the levels of SIRT3, claudin-5 and ZO-1. Induction of inflammatory mediators, including Cox-2, CXCL1, RANTES, and GADD45β was also observed in these treated cells. Interestingly, the induction was more with Sirt3-silenced BEND3 cells, suggesting that Sirt3 deficiency exacerbates inflammatory response. Palmitic acid was more potent in inducing the inflammatory mediators. Significant cytotoxicity and changes in microglial morphology were observed when cocultures of Sirt3-silenced BEND3 and Sirt3-silenced BV2 cells were exposed to palmitic acid. Transendothelial electrical resistance measurement with these cocultures suggested decreased barrier integrity. The findings of this study suggest that hyperlipidemia in comorbidities can compromise blood brain barrier integrity by inducing inflammatory mediators and decreasing tight junction proteins in the vascular endothelial cells of the AD brain, leading to activation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpna Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carol Mirita
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Iman Shah
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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21
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Tonini C, Segatto M, Bertoli S, Leone A, Mazzoli A, Cigliano L, Barberio L, Mandalà M, Pallottini V. Prenatal Exposure to BPA: The Effects on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Male and Female Rat Fetuses. Nutrients 2021; 13:1970. [PMID: 34201166 PMCID: PMC8227982 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic chemical compound widely used for manufacturing plastics. BPA exposure originates principally from the diet, but it can also originate from dermal contact. In over 90% of individuals, including pregnant women, BPA is detectable in several body fluids. The effects of this exposure on the fetus are under active investigation in several research laboratories. The aim of our work was to study the impact of prenatal exposure to BPA in the liver of rat fetuses from a sex-dependent point of view. We particularly investigated the effects of prenatal BPA exposure on hepatic lipids because of their crucial role, not only for the liver, but also for the whole-body functions. Our results demonstrate that the liver of rat fetuses, in utero exposed to a very low dose of BPA (2.5 µg/kg/day), displays significant modulations with regard to proteins involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis and trafficking. Moreover, an impact on inflammatory process has been observed. All these effects are dependent on sex, being observable only in female rat fetuses. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that maternal exposure to BPA compromises hepatic lipid metabolism in female offspring, and it also reveals the perspective impact of BPA on human health at doses currently considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tonini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (A.L.)
- Lab of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia—Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia—Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Barberio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
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22
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Parekh SV, Paniccia JE, Adams LO, Lysle DT. Hippocampal TNF-α Signaling Mediates Heroin Withdrawal-Enhanced Fear Learning and Withdrawal-Induced Weight Loss. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2963-2973. [PMID: 33580871 PMCID: PMC8128733 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is significant comorbidity of opioid use disorder (OUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in clinical populations. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between chronic opioid use and withdrawal and development of PTSD are poorly understood. Our previous work identified that chronic escalating heroin administration and withdrawal can produce enhanced fear learning, an animal model of hyperarousal, and is associated with an increase in dorsal hippocampal (DH) interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, other cytokines, such as TNF-α, work synergistically with IL-1β and may have a role in the development of enhanced fear learning. Based on both translational rodent and clinical studies, TNF-α has been implicated in hyperarousal states of PTSD, and has an established role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The first set of experiments tested the hypothesis that chronic heroin administration followed by withdrawal is capable of inducing alterations in DH TNF-α expression. The second set of experiments examined whether DH TNF-α expression is functionally relevant to the development of enhanced fear learning. We identified an increase of TNF-α immunoreactivity and positive cells at 0, 24, and 48 h into withdrawal in the dentate gyrus DH subregion. Interestingly, intra-DH infusions of etanercept (TNF-α inhibitor) 0, 24, and 48 h into heroin withdrawal prevented the development of enhanced fear learning and mitigated withdrawal-induced weight loss. Overall, these findings provide insight into the role of TNF-α in opioid withdrawal and the development of anxiety disorders such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta V Parekh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Paniccia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Lydia O Adams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
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23
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Tavares-Gomes L, Monney C, Neuhaus G, Francisco D, Solis D, Summerfield A, Erny D, Jagannathan V, Oevermann A. Transcriptome of microglia reveals a species-specific expression profile in bovines with conserved and new signature genes. Glia 2021; 69:1932-1949. [PMID: 33811399 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is growing that microglia adopt different roles than monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) during CNS injury. However, knowledge about their function in the pathogenesis of neuroinfections is only rudimentary. Cattle are frequently affected by neuroinfections that are either zoonotic or related to diseases in humans, and, hence, studies of bovine neuroinfections as a natural disease model may generate fundamental data on their pathogenesis potentially translatable to humans. We investigated the transcriptomic landscape and lineage markers of bovine microglia and MDM. Although bovine microglia expressed most microglial signature genes known from humans and mice, they exhibited a species-specific transcriptomic profile, including strikingly low expression of TMEM119 and enrichment of the two scavenger receptors MEGF10 and LY75. P2RY12 was amongst the most enriched genes in bovine microglia, and antibodies against P2RY12 labeled specifically resting microglia, but also reactive microglia within neuroinfection foci in-situ. On the other hand, F13A1 was amongst the most enriched genes in bovine monocytes and MDM and, additionally, the encoded protein was expressed in-situ in monocytes and MDM in the inflamed brain but not in microglia, making it a promising marker for infiltrating MDM in the brain. In culture, primary bovine microglia downregulated signature genes, expressed markers of activation, and converged their transcriptome to MDM. However, they retained several microglia signature genes that clearly distinguished them from bovine MDM, making them a promising in-vitro tool to study mechanisms of microglia-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Camille Monney
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Neuhaus
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Francisco
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Interfaculty of Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
| | - Diana Solis
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University of Fribourg, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Yin B, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q, Zhang S. MHC II-PI 3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway Regulates Intestinal Immune Response Induced by Soy Glycinin in Hybrid Grouper: Protective Effects of Sodium Butyrate. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615980. [PMID: 33537033 PMCID: PMC7849651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy glycinin (11S) is involved in immune regulation. As an additive, sodium butyrate (SB) can relieve inflammation caused by 11S. To further delve into the mechanisms. A diet containing 50% fishmeal was the control group (FM group), and the experimental groups consisted of the FM group baseline plus 2% glycinin (GL group), 8% glycinin (GH group), and 8% glycinin + 0.13% sodium butyrate (GH-SB group). The specific growth ratio (SGR), feed utilization, and density of distal intestinal (DI) type II mucous cells were increased in the GL group. In the serum, IFN-γ was significantly upregulated in the GL group, and IgG and IL-1β were upregulated in the GH group. IgG, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the GH-SB group were significantly downregulated compared to those in the GH group. The mRNA levels of mTOR C1, mTOR C2, and Deptor were upregulated in the GL, GH, and GH-SB groups in the DI compared with those in the FM group, while the mRNA levels of mTOR C1 and Deptor in the GH group were higher than those in the GL and GH-SB groups. 4E-BP1, RICTOR, PRR5, MHC II, and CD4 were upregulated in the GH group. TSC1, mLST8, and NFY mRNA levels in the GL and GH-SB groups were upregulated compared with those in the FM and GH groups. Western blotting showed P-PI3KSer294/T-PI3K, P-AktSer473/T-Akt, and P-mTORSer2448/T-mTOR were upregulated in the GH group. Collectively, our results demonstrate that low-dose 11S could improve serum immune by secreting IFN-γ. The overexpression of IgG and IL-1β is the reason that high-dose 11S reduces serum immune function, and supplementing SB can suppress this overexpression. Low-dose 11S can block the relationship between PI3K and mTOR C2. It can also inhibit the expression of 4E-BP1 through mTOR C1. High-dose 11S upregulates 4E-BP2 through mTOR C1, aggravating intestinal inflammation. SB could relieve inflammation by blocking PI3K/mTOR C2 and inhibiting 4E-BP2. Generally speaking, the hybrid grouper obtained different serum and DI immune responses under different doses of 11S, and these responses were ultimately manifested in growth performance. SB can effectively enhance serum immunity and relieve intestinal inflammation caused by high dose 11S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
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25
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Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Samargahndian S. Curcumin and cardiovascular diseases: Focus on cellular targets and cascades. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111214. [PMID: 33450488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of the most considerable mortality globally, and it has been tried to find the molecular mechanisms and design new drugs that triggered the molecular target. Curcumin is the main ingredient of Curcuma longa (turmeric) that has been used in traditional medicine for treating several diseases for years. Numerous investigations have indicated the beneficial effect of Curcumin in modulating multiple signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation. The cardiovascular protective effects of Curcumin against CVDs have been indicated in several studies. In the current review study, we provided novel information on Curcumin's protective effects against various CVDs and potential molecular signaling targets of Curcumin. Nonetheless, more studies should be performed to discover the exact molecular target of Curcumin against CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19968 35115, Iran
| | - Saeed Samargahndian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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26
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Chiocchio I, Prata C, Mandrone M, Ricciardiello F, Marrazzo P, Tomasi P, Angeloni C, Fiorentini D, Malaguti M, Poli F, Hrelia S. Leaves and Spiny Burs of Castanea Sativa from an Experimental Chestnut Grove: Metabolomic Analysis and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity. Metabolites 2020; 10:E408. [PMID: 33066101 PMCID: PMC7601974 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Castanea sativa cultivation has been present in Mediterranean regions since ancient times. In order to promote a circular economy, it is of great importance to valorize chestnut groves' by-products. In this study, leaves and spiny burs from twenty-four Castanea trees were analyzed by 1H NMR metabolomics to provide an overview of their phytochemical profile. The Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) performed on these data allowed us to distinguish 'Marrone' from 'Castagna', since the latter were generally more enriched with secondary metabolites, in particular, flavonoids (astragalin, isorhamnetin glucoside, and myricitrin) were dominant. Knowing that microglia are involved in mediating the oxidative and inflammatory response of the central nervous system, the potential anti-inflammatory effects of extracts derived from leaves and spiny burs were evaluated in a neuroinflammatory cell model: BV-2 microglia cells. The tested extracts showed cytoprotective activity (at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL) after inflammation induction by 5 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, the transcriptional levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-kB expression induced by LPS were significantly decreased by cell incubation with spiny burs and leaves extracts. Taken together, the obtained results are promising and represent an important step to encourage recycling and valorization of chestnut byproducts, usually considered "waste".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Fortuna Ricciardiello
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (F.R.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (F.R.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Paola Tomasi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Diana Fiorentini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (F.R.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (F.R.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
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27
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Tyagi A, Mirita C, Taher N, Shah I, Moeller E, Tyagi A, Chong T, Pugazhenthi S. Metabolic syndrome exacerbates amyloid pathology in a comorbid Alzheimer's mouse model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165849. [PMID: 32485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) often coexists with other aging-associated diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The early stage of these comorbidities is known as metabolic syndrome (MetS) which is highly prevalent in mid-life. An important cause of MetS is the deficiency of SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase which enhances the functions of critical mitochondrial proteins, including metabolic enzymes, by deacetylation. Deletion of Sirt3 gene has been reported to result in the acceleration of MetS. In a recently published study, we demonstrated in the brain of Sirt3-/- mice, downregulation of metabolic enzymes, insulin resistance and elevation of inflammatory markers including microglial proliferation. These findings suggested a novel pathway that could link SIRT3 deficiency to neuroinflammation, an important cause of Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that MetS and amyloid pathology may interact through converging pathways of insulin resistance and neuroinflammation in comorbid AD. To investigate these interactions, we crossed Sirt3-/- mice with APP/PS1 mice and successfully generated APP/PS1/Sirt3-/- mice with amyloid pathology and MetS. In these comorbid AD mice, we observed exacerbation of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, amyloid plaque deposition, markers of neuroinflammation, including elevated expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and Cox-2 at 8 months of age. There was also increased microglial proliferation and activation. Our observations suggest a novel mechanism by which MetS may interact with amyloid pathology during the cellular phase of AD. Therapeutic targeting of SIRT3 in AD with comorbidities may produce beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpna Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Iman Shah
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Anit Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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28
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Li X, Jarosz AC, El-Sohemy A, Badawi A. The modifying effect of nutritional factors on the association between IL1-β single nucleotide polymorphism and serum CXCL10 levels in young Canadian adults. Nutr Health 2020; 26:151-159. [PMID: 32228128 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020912945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and nutritional factors play an important role in inflammatory response and diseases. CXCL10 is a critical biomarker that is involved in multiple inflammatory diseases, and elevated levels of CXCL10 have been associated with the development of several chronic and infectious diseases. In contrast, micronutrients can attenuate inflammatory responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as IL-1β at rs16944 contributed to a number of inflammatory disorders and may substantiate the convergance between chronic and infectious diseases. AIM This study aims to identify the modifying effect of nutritional factors on the association between IL-1β genotypes and CXCL10 levels. METHODS Participants (N = 386) were healthy males and females from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study recruited from the University of Toronto. Levels of micronutrients and inflammatory markers were measured in plasma. IL-1β genotypes were extracted from the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP chip. RESULTS CXCL10 levels were not different across different IL-1β genotypes. Among those with the GA genotype, elevated CXCL10 levels were observed with higher than median ascorbic acid (β = 0.004 ± 0.002, P = 0.047) or higher than median vitamin D status (β = 0.003 ± 0.002, P = 0.044). Among participants with the AA genotype, subjects with low α-tocopherol status had elevated levels of CXCL10 (β = -0.016 ± 0.007, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION The association between IL-1β rs16944 genotype and CXCL10 levels was modified by the levels of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and vitamin D. These findings may aid in understanding the combined effect of genetic and dietary factors in the development of various infectious and chronic diseases in which IL-1β and CXCL10 may play an etiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada.,Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
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Herzberg D, Strobel P, Ramirez-Reveco A, Werner M, Bustamante H. Chronic Inflammatory Lameness Increases Cytokine Concentration in the Spinal Cord of Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:125. [PMID: 32185190 PMCID: PMC7058553 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness in dairy cows is an extremely painful multifactorial condition that affects the welfare of animals and economically impacts the dairy industry worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of cytokines in the spinal cord dorsal horn of dairy cows with painful chronic inflammatory lameness. Concentrations of 10 cytokines were measured in the spinal cord of seven adult dairy cows with chronic lameness and seven adult dairy cows with no lameness. In all cows lameness was evaluated using a mobility scoring system and registered accordingly. Immediately after euthanasia the spinal cord was removed and 20 cm of lumbar segments (L2–L5) were obtained. After dorsal horn removal and processing, cytokine quantification of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), interleukin 13 (IL-13), chemokine-10 (CXCL10/IP-10), chemokine-9 (CXCL9/MIG), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-21 (IL-21), interleukin-36ra (IL-36ra), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β) was performed using a multiplex array. Lame cows had higher concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1-α, IL-13, CXCL10, CXCL9, IFN-α, and IFN-γ in their dorsal horn compared to non-lame cows, while IL-21 concentration was decreased. No differences in IL-36ra and MIP-1β concentrations between lame and non-lame cows were observed. Painful chronic inflammation of the hoof in dairy cows leads to a marked increase in cytokine concentration in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which could represent a state of neuroinflammation of the Central Nervous System (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herzberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Strobel
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Animal Science Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alfredo Ramirez-Reveco
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Animal Science Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marianne Werner
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Animal Science Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hedie Bustamante
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Albakri MM, Veliz FA, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF, Sieg SF. Endosomal toll-like receptors play a key role in activation of primary human monocytes by cowpea mosaic virus. Immunology 2020; 159:183-192. [PMID: 31630392 PMCID: PMC6954739 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to induce anti-tumour immune responses following direct administration into solid tumours. The molecular pathways that account for these effects and the capacity of CPMV to activate human cells are not well defined. Here, we examine the ability of CPMV particles to activate human monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and purified CD14+ monocytes were readily activated by CPMV in vitro, leading to induction of HLA-DR, CD86, PD-L1, IL-15R and CXCL10 expression. Monocytes released chemokines, CXCL10, MIP-1α and MIP-1β into cell culture supernatants after incubation with CPMV. DC subsets (pDC and mDC) and monocyte-derived macrophages also demonstrated evidence of activation after incubation with CPMV. Inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), endocytosis or endocytic acidification impaired the capacity of CPMV to activate monocytes. Furthermore, CPMV activation of monocytes was partially blocked by a TLR7/8 antagonist. These data demonstrate that CPMV activates human monocytes in a manner dependent on SYK signalling, endosomal acidification and with an important contribution from TLR7/8 recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah M. Albakri
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Medical Laboratory TechnologyCollege of Applied Medical SciencesTaibah UniversityMedinaSaudi Arabia
| | - Frank A. Veliz
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Steven N. Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthNorris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonNHUSA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV MedicineSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
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Jia Q, Jiang F, Ma D, Li J, Wang F, Wang Z. Association Between IL-6 and Seizure Recurrence in Patients with the First Post-Ischemic Stroke Seizure. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1955-1963. [PMID: 32848401 PMCID: PMC7429209 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s257870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the association between IL-6 level and seizure recurrence in patients with the first post-ischemic stroke seizure and assess its predictive value for seizure recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 2976 consecutive ischemic stroke patients were retrospectively enrolled. Among them, 209 (7.02%) patients with the first post-ischemic stroke seizure were included in this analysis. The IL-6 mRNA expression level was evaluated through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the 2-ΔΔCt method. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were collected. Univariate analysis was performed with independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, or chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using a backward stepwise logistic regression model for variables with P<0.10 in univariate analysis. The predictive value was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Among the patients included, 105 (50.24%) had recurrence of seizures, and 104 (49.76%) had no recurrence. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the IL-6 mRNA expression level was independently correlated with seizure recurrence in patients with the first post-ischemic stroke seizure after adjusting for age, NIHSS scores, time of seizure, seizure type, lesion size, location of the offending lesion to different hemispheric lobes, cortical involvement, gender, electroencephalography (EEG) findings, and hemorrhagic transformation. When the IL-6 mRNA expression level was used to predict seizure recurrence, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.763 (SE=0.033, 95% CI=0.698-0.829). The diagnostic power was moderate. CONCLUSION IL-6 was independently correlated with seizure recurrence in patients with the first post-ischemic stroke seizure and might be a potential biomarker for prediction of seizure recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Encephalopathy Center, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Urumqi, Urumqi 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Daliang Ma
- Encephalopathy Center, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Encephalopathy Center, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Encephalopathy Center, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Encephalopathy Center, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, People's Republic of China
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Early changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in neonates with encephalopathy are associated with remote epilepsy. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:616-621. [PMID: 31234194 PMCID: PMC6851466 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal seizures are associated with adverse neurologic sequelae including epilepsy in childhood. Here we aim to determine whether levels of cytokines in neonates with brain injury are associated with acute symptomatic seizures or remote epilepsy. METHODS This is a cohort study of term newborns with encephalopathy at UCSF between 10/1993 and 1/2000 who had dried blood spots. Maternal, perinatal/postnatal, neuroimaging, and epilepsy variables were abstracted by chart review. Logistic regression was used to compare levels of cytokines with acute seizures and the development of epilepsy. RESULTS In a cohort of 26 newborns with neonatal encephalopathy at risk for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with blood spots for analysis, diffuse alterations in both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were observed between those with (11/28, 39%) and without acute symptomatic seizures. Seventeen of the 26 (63%) patients had >2 years of follow-up and 4/17 (24%) developed epilepsy. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α within the IL-1β pathway were significantly associated with epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the IL-1β pathway were associated with later onset of epilepsy. Larger cohort studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of these circulating biomarkers.
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Yusuf A, Casey A. Surface modification of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) by liposomal encapsulation mitigates AgNP-induced inflammation. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104641. [PMID: 31493545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are widely used in a variety of consumable products as antibacterial to prevent or treat infection. Unfortunately, evidence exits that AgNP induces inflammation which can worsen with repeated human exposure. However, there is little or no research on how to mitigate these adverse effects due to AgNP induced-toxicity. Here, we investigated if surface modification of AgNP by liposomal encapsulation suppresses AgNP-mediated inflammatory responses in THP1 monocytes and THP1 differentiated macrophages (TDM). AgNP was encapsulated in a dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline- (DPPC)/cholesterol-based liposome by extrusion through a 100-nm polycarbonate membrane to form Lipo-AgNP. It was found as expected that AgNP induced significant release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in THP1 monocytes more than the basal level. Interestingly, release of these cytokines was suppressed by Lipo-AgNP. In TDMs, AgNP and Lipo-AgNP induced IL-8 release (p < .0001), but Lipo-AgNP maintained IL-8 release at levels significantly lower than that of AgNP (p < .01). However, both AgNP and Lipo-AgNP suppressed IL-1β and TNF-α release in LPS-stimulated THP1 monocytes and LPS-stimulated or unstimulated TDM respectively. We finally showed that Lipo-AgNP inhibits STAT-3 and this may be responsible for regulating the uncontrolled inflammation induced by AgNP likely mediated STAT-3 protein expression in LPS stimulated THP1 monocytes and TDMs, both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated. This data showed that Lipo-AgNP suppressed AgNP induced inflammation, making Lipo-AgNP particularly useful in treatment of bacteria induced inflammatory diseases and inflammatory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Yusuf
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland; Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Alan Casey
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland; Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Differential Modulation of NF- κB in Neurons and Astrocytes Underlies Neuroprotection and Antigliosis Activity of Natural Antioxidant Molecules. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8056904. [PMID: 31485299 PMCID: PMC6710787 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8056904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by sustained glial activation and the generation of an inflammatory loop, through the release of cytokines and other neurotoxic mediators that cause oxidative stress and limit functional repair of brain parenchyma. Dietary antioxidants may protect against neurodegenerative diseases by counteracting chronic neuroinflammation and reducing oxidative stress. Here, we describe the effects of a number of natural antioxidants (polyphenols, carotenoids, and thiolic molecules) in rescuing astrocytic function and neuronal viability following glial activation by reducing astrocyte proliferation and restoring astrocytic and neuronal survival and basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). All antioxidant molecules are also effective under conditions of oxidative stress and glutamate toxicity, two maladaptive components of neuroinflammatory processes. Moreover, it is remarkable that their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity occurs through differential modulation of NF-κB binding activity in neurons and astrocytes. In fact, we show that inflammatory stimuli promote a significant induction of NF-κB binding activity in astrocytes and its concomitant reduction in neurons. These changes are prevented in astrocytes and neurons pretreated with the antioxidant molecules, suggesting that NF-κB plays a key role in the modulation of survival and anti-inflammatory responses. Finally, we newly demonstrate that effective antigliosis and neuroprotective activity is achieved with a defined cocktail of four natural antioxidants at very low concentrations, suggesting a promising strategy to reduce inflammatory and oxidative damage in neurodegenerative diseases with limited side effects.
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Goschorska M, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Gutowska I, Metryka E, Skórka-Majewicz M, Chlubek D. Potential Role of Fluoride in the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123965. [PMID: 30544885 PMCID: PMC6320968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has not been fully explained. Now, the disease is widely attributed both to genetic and environmental factors. It is believed that only a small percentage of new AD cases result solely from genetic mutations, with most cases attributed to environmental factors or to the interaction of environmental factors with preexistent genetic determinants. Fluoride is widespread in the environment and it easily crosses the blood⁻brain barrier. In the brain fluoride affects cellular energy metabolism, synthesis of inflammatory factors, neurotransmitter metabolism, microglial activation, and the expression of proteins involved in neuronal maturation. Finally, and of specific importance to its role in Alzheimer's disease, studies report fluoride-induced apoptosis and inflammation within the central nervous system. This review attempts to elucidate the potential relationship between the effects of fluoride exposure and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We describe the impact of fluoride-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD and demonstrate a role for apoptosis in disease progression, as well as a mechanism for its initiation by fluoride. The influence of fluoride on processes of AD initiation and progression is complex and warrants further investigation, especially considering growing environmental fluoride pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Emilia Metryka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Skórka-Majewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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Abukabda AB, McBride CR, Batchelor TP, Goldsmith WT, Bowdridge EC, Garner KL, Friend S, Nurkiewicz TR. Group II innate lymphoid cells and microvascular dysfunction from pulmonary titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:43. [PMID: 30413212 PMCID: PMC6230229 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cardiovascular effects of pulmonary exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are poorly understood, and the reproductive consequences are even less understood. Inflammation remains the most frequently explored mechanism of ENM toxicity. However, the key mediators and steps between lung exposure and uterine health remain to be fully defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the uterine inflammatory and vascular effects of pulmonary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2). We hypothesized that pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure initiates a Th2 inflammatory response mediated by Group II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which may be associated with an impairment in uterine microvascular reactivity. Methods Female, virgin, Sprague-Dawley rats (8–12 weeks) were exposed to 100 μg of nano-TiO2 via intratracheal instillation 24 h prior to microvascular assessments. Serial blood samples were obtained at 0, 1, 2 and 4 h post-exposure for multiplex cytokine analysis. ILC2 numbers in the lungs were determined. ILC2s were isolated and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) levels were measured. Pressure myography was used to assess vascular reactivity of isolated radial arterioles. Results Pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure was associated with an increase in IL-1ß, 4, 5 and 13 and TNF- α 4 h post-exposure, indicative of an innate Th2 inflammatory response. ILC2 numbers were significantly increased in lungs from exposed animals (1.66 ± 0.19%) compared to controls (0.19 ± 0.22%). Phosphorylation of the transactivation domain (Ser-468) of NF-κB in isolated ILC2 and IL-33 in lung epithelial cells were significantly increased (126.8 ± 4.3% and 137 ± 11% of controls respectively) by nano-TiO2 exposure. Lastly, radial endothelium-dependent arteriolar reactivity was significantly impaired (27 ± 12%), while endothelium-independent dilation (7 ± 14%) and α-adrenergic sensitivity (8 ± 2%) were not altered compared to control levels. Treatment with an anti- IL-33 antibody (1 mg/kg) 30 min prior to nano-TiO2 exposure resulted in a significant improvement in endothelium-dependent dilation and a decreased level of IL-33 in both plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusions These results provide evidence that the uterine microvascular dysfunction that follows pulmonary ENM exposure may be initiated via activation of lung-resident ILC2 and subsequent systemic Th2-dependent inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0280-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaeddin Bashir Abukabda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center - West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505-9229, USA.,Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Carroll Rolland McBride
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center - West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505-9229, USA.,Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Thomas Paul Batchelor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center - West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505-9229, USA.,Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - William Travis Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center - West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505-9229, USA.,Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Elizabeth Compton Bowdridge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center - West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505-9229, USA.,Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Krista Lee Garner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center - West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505-9229, USA.,Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sherri Friend
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Timothy Robert Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center - West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505-9229, USA. .,Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA. .,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Kuo SC, Yeh YW, Chen CY, Huang CC, Ho PS, Liang CS, Lin CL, Yeh TC, Tsou CC, Yang BZ, Lu RB, Huang SY. Differential effect of the DRD3 genotype on inflammatory cytokine responses during abstinence in amphetamine-dependent women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:37-46. [PMID: 30005280 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine exposure impacts on innate and adaptive immunity and DRD3 may modulate the effect of amphetamine on the immune response. We assessed the immune-cytokine markers in 72 female patients with amphetamine dependence (AD) at baseline and after 4-week drug abstinence and in 51 healthy women. Multiplex magnetic bead assay was used to measure the plasma cytokine expression level simultaneously in all participants and DRD3 rs6280 polymorphism was genotyped in patients. We demonstrated an increase of the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10) and other cytokines (IL-1β) in the entire AD cohort. A similar cytokine pattern, along with a significantly decreased IL-8 and IL-10 levels was observed after 4-week abstinence. Among AD patients with DRD3 rs6280 TT genotype, the cytokine expression profile was consistent with total AD cohort at baseline and revealed a significant down-regulated plasma level of the Th1, Th2, and other cytokines except for IL-6 after 4-week abstinence. In AD group with DRD3 rs6280 C allele carrier, we found IL-2 level was significantly higher than healthy controls at baseline and remained higher, accompanied with a borderline increase in IL-4, IL-6 and IL-1β levels after 4-week abstinence. Our results suggest that chronic use of amphetamine increased both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in AD patients, indicating the immune imbalance that may persist for 4 weeks or more. Besides, DRD3 rs6280 TT genotype may be associated with favorable recovery in general inflammatory cytokines during period of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Chang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wei Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Long Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Hsinchu Branch, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chih Tsou
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bao-Zhu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Mendonca P, Taka E, Bauer D, Reams RR, Soliman KFA. The attenuating effects of 1,2,3,4,6 penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose on pro-inflammatory responses of LPS/IFNγ-activated BV-2 microglial cells through NFƙB and MAPK signaling pathways. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:43-53. [PMID: 30236786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overactivated microglial cells exhibit chronic inflammatory response and can lead to the continuous production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, perpetuating inflammation, and ultimately resulting in neuronal injury. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-Galloyl-β-d-Glucose (PGG), which is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, has exhibited anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of many cytokines in different experimental models, but its effect on activated microglia cells was never described. In the present study, we investigated PGG effect in proteins involved in the NFƙB and MAPK signaling pathways, which play a central role in inflammation through their ability to induce transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. METHODS PCR arrays and RT-PCR with individual primers were used to determine the effect of PGG on mRNA expression of genes involved in NFƙB and MAPK signaling pathways. Western blots were performed to confirm PCR results. RESULTS The data obtained showed that PGG modulated the expression of 5 genes from the NFƙB (BIRC3, CHUK, IRAK1, NFƙB1, NOD1) and 2 genes from MAPK signaling pathway (CDK2 and MYC) when tested in RT-PCR assays. Western blots confirmed the PCR results at the protein level, showing that PGG attenuated the expression of total and phosphorylated proteins (CDK2, CHUK, IRAK1, and NFƙB1) involved in NFƙB and MAPK signaling. CONCLUSION These findings show that PGG could modulate the expression of genes and proteins involved in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mendonca
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Equar Taka
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - David Bauer
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Renee R Reams
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States.
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Effects of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 on the viability and functionality of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 331:36-45. [PMID: 30195439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease, where neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation has been suggested as a potential neuroprotective therapeutic strategy. Since the effect of inflammation on NPCs is poorly known, their effect on the survival and functionality of human NPCs were studied. Treatment with interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ did not induced cytotoxicity, but IFN-γ treatment showed decreased proliferation and neuronal migration. By contrast, increased proliferation and inhibition of electrical activity were detected after TNF-α treatment. Treatments induced secretion of inflammatory factors. Inflammatory cytokines appear to modulate proliferation as well as the cellular and functional properties of human NPCs.
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Anti-inflammatory effects of Metformin improve the neuropathic pain and locomotor activity in spinal cord injured rats: introduction of an alternative therapy. Spinal Cord 2018; 56:1032-1041. [PMID: 29959433 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-018-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This is an animal study. OBJECTIVES Metformin is a safe drug for controlling blood sugar in diabetes. It has been shown that metformin improves locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuropathic pain is also a disturbing component of SCI. It is indicated that metformin has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, which attenuate neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia in injured nerves. Thus, we evaluated metformin's therapeutic effects on SCI neuroinflammation and its sensory and locomotor complications. Meanwhile, results were compared to minocycline, an anti-neuroinflammation therapy in SCI. SETTING Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran METHODS: In an animal model of SCI, 48 male rats were subjected to T9 vertebra laminectomy. Animals were divided into a SHAM-operated group and five treatment groups. The treatments included normal saline as a vehicle control group, minocycline 90 mg/kg and metformin at the doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Locomotor scaling, behavioral tests for neuropathic pain and weight changes were evaluated and compared through a 28-days period. At the end of the study, tissue samples were taken to assess neuroinflammatory changes. RESULTS Metformin 50 mg/kg improved the locomotors ability (p < 0.001) and decreased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal allodynia (p < 0.01). These results were compatible with minocycline effect on SCI (p > 0.05). While metformin led to weight loss, both metformin and minocycline significantly decreased neuroinflammation in the assessment of cord tissue histopathology, and levels of TNF-α and interleukin-1β (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Metformin could be considered as an alternative therapeutic agent for SCI, as it potentially attenuates neuroinflammation, sensory and locomotor complications of cord injury.
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Kaffe E, Fiorotto R, Pellegrino F, Mariotti V, Amenduni M, Cadamuro M, Fabris L, Strazzabosco M, Spirli C. β-Catenin and interleukin-1β-dependent chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 production drives progression of disease in a mouse model of congenital hepatic fibrosis. Hepatology 2018; 67:1903-1919. [PMID: 29140564 PMCID: PMC5906178 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF), a genetic disease caused by mutations in the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (PKHD1) gene, encoding for the protein fibrocystin/polyductin complex, is characterized by biliary dysgenesis, progressive portal fibrosis, and a protein kinase A-mediated activating phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser675. Biliary structures of Pkhd1del4/del4 mice, a mouse model of CHF, secrete chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), a chemokine able to recruit macrophages. The aim of this study was to clarify whether CXCL10 plays a pathogenetic role in disease progression in CHF/Caroli disease and to understand the mechanisms leading to increased CXCL10 secretion. We demonstrate that treatment of Pkhd1del4/del4 mice for 3 months with AMG-487, an inhibitor of CXC chemokine receptor family 3, the cognate receptor of CXCL10, reduces the peribiliary recruitment of alternative activated macrophages (cluster of differentiation 45+ F4/80+ cells), spleen size, liver fibrosis (sirius red), and cyst growth (cytokeratin 19-positive area), consistent with a pathogenetic role of CXCL10. Furthermore, we show that in fibrocystin/polyductin complex-defective cholangiocytes, isolated from Pkhd1del4/del4 mice, CXCL10 production is mediated by Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in response to interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and β-catenin. Specifically, IL-1β promotes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, whereas β-catenin promotes its nuclear translocation. Increased pro-IL-1β was regulated by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and increased secretion of active IL-1β was mediated by the activation of Nod-like receptors, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (increased expression of caspase 1 and Nod-like receptors, pyrin domain containing 3). CONCLUSION In fibrocystin/polyductin complex-defective cholangiocytes, β-catenin and IL-1β are responsible for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-dependent secretion of CXCL10; in vivo experiments show that the CXCL10/CXC chemokine receptor family 3 axis prevents the recruitment of macrophages, reduces inflammation, and halts the progression of the disease; the increased production of IL-1β highlights the autoinflammatory nature of CHF and may open novel therapeutic avenues. (Hepatology 2018;67:1903-1919).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanna Kaffe
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pellegrino
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valeria Mariotti
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariangela Amenduni
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Spirli
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Differences in immunomodulatory properties between venlafaxine and paroxetine in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 87:108-118. [PMID: 29055264 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression, and identifying the specific cytokines targeted by different antidepressants is important for personalized treatment. The aims of this study were to examine whether venlafaxine and paroxetine cause different immunomodulatory effects when used to treat patients with major depression and to clarify the relationships between plasma cytokine levels and the therapeutic effectiveness of these drugs. A total of 91 Han Chinese patients with major depression completed the 8-week paroxetine or venlafaxine treatment and 90 healthy controls were recruited. A multiplex assay was used to measure cytokines levels in patients with major depression before and after an 8-week venlafaxine and paroxetine treatment. Cytokine levels were measured in healthy controls at the baseline. The 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess the changes in psychopathological symptoms from the baseline to the end point in each patient. Venlafaxine treatment caused greater decreases in the levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-1β, and IL-8 than did paroxetine. Paroxetine treatment increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 and decreased Th2 cytokine levels. After paroxetine treatment, IL-6 levels increased more in the non-remitter group than in the remitter group. In the remitter group, IL-4 and IL-5 levels decreased to values seen in the healthy controls. After venlafaxine treatment in both the remitter and non-remitter groups, IL-1β levels decreased to values seen in the healthy controls. Our results suggest that venlafaxine and paroxetine have different immunomodulatory properties and that venlafaxine has greater anti-inflammatory effects than paroxetine.
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Neuroinflammation and physical exercise as modulators of adult hippocampal neural precursor cell behavior. Rev Neurosci 2017; 29:1-20. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure where adult neurogenesis constitutively occurs. Cell components of the neurogenic niche are source of paracrine as well as membrane-bound factors such as Notch, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Wnts, Sonic Hedgehog, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cell fate decision. The integration and coordinated action of multiple extrinsic and intrinsic cues drive a continuous decision process: if adult neural stem cells remain quiescent or proliferate, if they take a neuronal or a glial lineage, and if new cells proliferate, undergo apoptotic death, or survive. The proper balance in the molecular milieu of this neurogenic niche leads to the production of neurons in a higher rate as that of astrocytes. But this rate changes in face of microenvironment modifications as those driven by physical exercise or with neuroinflammation. In this work, we first review the cellular and molecular components of the subgranular zone, focusing on the molecules, active signaling pathways and genetic programs that maintain quiescence, induce proliferation, or promote differentiation. We then summarize the evidence regarding the role of neuroinflammation and physical exercise in the modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis with emphasis on the activation of progression from adult neural stem cells to lineage-committed progenitors to their progeny mainly in murine models.
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Astrocytic expression of the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7/ACKR3 is a hallmark of the diseased, but not developing CNS. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:105-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Nizamutdinova IT, Dusio GF, Gasheva OY, Skoog H, Tobin R, Peddaboina C, Meininger CJ, Zawieja DC, Newell-Rogers MK, Gashev AA. Mast cells and histamine are triggering the NF-κB-mediated reactions of adult and aged perilymphatic mesenteric tissues to acute inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3065-3090. [PMID: 27875806 PMCID: PMC5191886 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish mechanistic links between the aging-associated changes in the functional status of mast cells and the altered responses of mesenteric tissue and mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs) to acute inflammation. We used an in vivo model of acute peritoneal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment of adult (9-month) and aged (24-month) F-344 rats. We analyzed contractility of isolated MLVs, mast cell activation, activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) without and with stabilization of mast cells by cromolyn or blockade of all types of histamine receptors and production of 27 major pro-inflammatory cytokines in adult and aged perilymphatic mesenteric tissues and blood. We found that the reactivity of aged contracting lymphatic vessels to LPS-induced acute inflammation was abolished and that activated mast cells trigger NF-κB signaling in the mesentery through release of histamine. The aging-associated basal activation of mesenteric mast cells limits acute inflammatory NF-κB activation in aged mesentery. We conclude that proper functioning of the mast cell/histamine/NF-κB axis is necessary for reactions of the lymphatic vessels to acute inflammatory stimuli as well as for interaction and trafficking of immune cells near and within the collecting lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Giuseppina F Dusio
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Olga Yu Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Hunter Skoog
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Richard Tobin
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Chander Peddaboina
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - M Karen Newell-Rogers
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
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Metabolic Syndrome and the Cellular Phase of Alzheimer's Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:243-258. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hisadome M, Ohnishi T, Kakimoto K, Kusuyama J, Bandow K, Kanekura T, Matsuguchi T. Hepatocyte growth factor reduces CXCL10 expression in keratinocytes. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3595-3605. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Hisadome
- Department of Dermatology; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohnishi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Japan
| | - Kyoko Kakimoto
- Department of Oral Biochemistry; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Japan
| | - Joji Kusuyama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Japan
| | - Kenjiro Bandow
- Department of Oral Biochemistry; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Japan
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuguchi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Japan
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Quincozes-Santos A, Bobermin LD, de Assis AM, Gonçalves CA, Souza DO. Fluctuations in glucose levels induce glial toxicity with glutamatergic, oxidative and inflammatory implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1-14. [PMID: 27663722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are dynamic cells that maintain brain homeostasis by regulating neurotransmitter systems, antioxidant defenses, inflammatory responses and energy metabolism. Astroglial cells are also primarily responsible for the uptake and metabolism of glucose in the brain. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pathological condition characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with several changes in the central nervous system (CNS), including alterations in glial function. Classically, excessive glucose concentrations are used to induce experimental models of astrocyte dysfunction; however, hypoglycemic episodes may also cause several brain injuries. The main focus of the present study was to evaluate how fluctuations in glucose levels induce cytotoxicity. The culture medium of astroglial cells was replaced twice as follows: (1) from 6mM (control) to 12mM (high glucose), and (2) from 12mM to 0mM (glucose deprivation). Cell viability, mitochondrial function, oxidative/nitrosative stress, glutamate metabolism, inflammatory responses, nuclear factor κB (NFκB) transcriptional activity and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) levels were assessed. Our in vitro experimental model showed that up and down fluctuations in glucose levels decreased cell proliferation, induced mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress with consequent cellular biomolecular damage, impaired glutamate metabolism and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Additionally, activation of the NFκB and p38 signaling pathways were putative mechanisms of the effects of glucose fluctuations on astroglial cells. In summary, for the first time, we show that changes in glucose concentrations, from high-glucose levels to glucose deprivation, exacerbate glial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Quincozes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano M de Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Twal WO, Wahlquist AE, Balasubramanian S. Yogic breathing when compared to attention control reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in saliva: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:294. [PMID: 27538513 PMCID: PMC4991069 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Self-report measures indicate that Yoga practices are perceived to reduce stress; however, molecular mechanisms through which YB affects stress are just beginning to be understood. While invasive sampling such as blood has been widely used to measure biological indicators such as pro-inflammatory biomarkers, the use of saliva to measure changes in various biomolecules has been increasingly recognized. As Yoga practice stimulates salivary secretion, and saliva is considered a source of biomarkers, changes in salivary cytokines before and after Yogic breathing exercise as specified in an ancient Tamil script, Thirumanthiram, were examined using a Cytokine Multiplex to compare to Attention Control (AC) group. Methods Twenty healthy volunteers were randomized into two groups stratified by gender (N = 10 per YB and AC groups); The YB group performed two YB exercises, each for ten minutes, for a total of twenty minutes in a single session as directed by a trained Yoga instructor. The AC group read a text of their choice for 20 min. Saliva was collected immediately after YB training at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min and analyzed by Multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein −1 (MCP-1) were significantly reduced in YB group when compared to AC group. The level of reduction of IL-8 was significant at all time points tested, whereas IL-1β showed reduction at 15 and 20 min time points (p < 0.05), and MCP-1 level was marginally different at 5–20 min. There were no significant differences between YB and AC groups in the salivary levels of IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IP-10, MIP-1b, and TNF-α. Conclusions These data are the first to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting salivary cytokines using multiplex assay in response to a Yoga practice. This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov # NCT02108769. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1286-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lesovaya E, Yemelyanov A, Swart AC, Swart P, Haegeman G, Budunova I. Discovery of Compound A--a selective activator of the glucocorticoid receptor with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30730-44. [PMID: 26436695 PMCID: PMC4741564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are among the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs, and are widely used for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, chronic treatment with glucocorticoids results in multiple side effects. Thus, there was an intensive search for selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activators (SEGRA), which retain therapeutic potential of glucocorticoids, but with fewer adverse effects. GR regulates gene expression by transactivation (TA), by binding as homodimer to gene promoters, or transrepression (TR), via diverse mechanisms including negative interaction between monomeric GR and other transcription factors. It is well accepted that metabolic and atrophogenic effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by GR TA. Here we summarized the results of extensive international collaboration that led to discovery and characterization of Compound A (CpdA), a unique SEGRA with a proven “dissociating” GR ligand profile, preventing GR dimerization and shifting GR activity towards TR both in vitro and in vivo. We outlined here the unusual story of compound's discovery, and presented a comprehensive overview of CpdA ligand properties, its anti-inflammatory effects in numerous animal models of inflammation and autoimmune diseases, as well as its anti-cancer effects. Finally, we presented mechanistic analysis of CpdA and glucocorticoid effects in skin, muscle, bone, and regulation of glucose and fat metabolism to explain decreased CpdA side effects compared to glucocorticoids. Overall, the results obtained by our and other laboratories underline translational potential of CpdA and its derivatives for treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lesovaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yemelyanov
- Pulmonary Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda C Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pieter Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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