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Nagao M, Asai A, Eliasson L, Oikawa S. Selectively bred rodent models for studying the etiology of type 2 diabetes: Goto-Kakizaki rats and Oikawa-Nagao mice. Endocr J 2023; 70:19-30. [PMID: 36477370 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic disease and studies to understand the etiology of the disease have required selectively bred animal models with polygenic background. In this review, we present two models; the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat and the Oikawa-Nagao Diabetes-Prone (ON-DP) and Diabetes-Resistant (ON-DR) mouse. The GK rat was developed by continuous selective breeding for glucose tolerance from the outbred Wistar rat around 50 years ago. The main cause of spontaneous hyperglycemia in this model is insulin secretion deficiency from pancreatic β-cells and mild insulin resistance in insulin target organs. A disadvantage of the GK rat is that environmental factors have not been considered in the selective breeding. Hence, the GK rat may not be suitable for elucidating predisposition to diabetes under certain environmental conditions, such as a high-fat diet. Therefore, we recently established two mouse lines with different susceptibilities to diet-induced diabetes, which are prone and resistant to the development of diabetes, designated as the ON-DP and ON-DR mouse, respectively. The two ON mouse lines were established by continuous selective breeding for inferior and superior glucose tolerance after high-fat diet feeding in hybrid mice of three inbred strains. Studies of phenotypic differences between ON-DP and ON-DR mice and their underlying molecular mechanisms will shed light on predisposing factors for the development of T2D in the modern obesogenic environment. This review summarizes the background and the phenotypic differences and similarities of GK rats and ON mice and highlights the advantages of using selectively bred rodent models in diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Nagao
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
- Clincal Research Centre (CRC), Skåne University Hospital(SUS), Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Akira Asai
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
- Clincal Research Centre (CRC), Skåne University Hospital(SUS), Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Shinichi Oikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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Heather LC, Hafstad AD, Halade GV, Harmancey R, Mellor KM, Mishra PK, Mulvihill EE, Nabben M, Nakamura M, Rider OJ, Ruiz M, Wende AR, Ussher JR. Guidelines on Models of Diabetic Heart Disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H176-H200. [PMID: 35657616 PMCID: PMC9273269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oliver J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lai N, Kummitha CM, Loy F, Isola R, Hoppel CL. Bioenergetic functions in subpopulations of heart mitochondria are preserved in a non-obese type 2 diabetes rat model (Goto-Kakizaki). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5444. [PMID: 32214195 PMCID: PMC7096416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinct bioenergetic impairment of heart mitochondrial subpopulations in diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with obesity; however, many type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with high-risk for cardiovascular disease are not obese. In the absence of obesity, it is unclear whether bioenergetic function in the subpopulations of mitochondria is affected in heart with T2DM. To address this issue, a rat model of non-obese T2DM was used to study heart mitochondrial energy metabolism, measuring bioenergetics and enzyme activities of the electron transport chain (ETC). Oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of substrates for ETC and ETC activities in both populations of heart mitochondria in T2DM rats were unchanged. Despite the preservation of mitochondrial function, aconitase activity in T2DM heart was reduced, suggesting oxidative stress in mitochondria. Our study indicate that metabolic function of heart mitochondria is unchanged in the face of oxidative stress and point to a critical role of obesity in T2DM cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA. .,Center for Mitochondrial Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA. .,Department of Mechanical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, USA.
| | - C M Kummitha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - F Loy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, USA
| | - R Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, USA
| | - C L Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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4
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Nagao M, Esguerra JLS, Wendt A, Asai A, Sugihara H, Oikawa S, Eliasson L. Selectively Bred Diabetes Models: GK Rats, NSY Mice, and ON Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2128:25-54. [PMID: 32180184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The polygenic background of selectively bred diabetes models mimics the etiology of type 2 diabetes. So far, three different rodent models (Goto-Kakizaki rats, Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda mice, and Oikawa-Nagao mice) have been established in the diabetes research field by continuous selective breeding for glucose tolerance from outbred rodent stocks. The origin of hyperglycemia in these rodents is mainly insulin secretion deficiency from the pancreatic β-cells and mild insulin resistance in insulin target organs. In this chapter, we summarize backgrounds and phenotypes of these rodent models to highlight their importance in diabetes research. Then, we introduce experimental methodologies to evaluate β-cell exocytosis as a putative common defect observed in these rodent models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Exocytosis
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Glucose Intolerance
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Insulin Secretion/physiology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/chemistry
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods
- Phenotype
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Selective Breeding/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Nagao
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jonathan Lou S Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Akira Asai
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes and Lifestyle-related Disease Center, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
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A new hyperpolarized 13C ketone body probe reveals an increase in acetoacetate utilization in the diabetic rat heart. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5532. [PMID: 30940842 PMCID: PMC6445118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have recently shown the potential importance of ketone bodies in cardio-metabolic health. However, techniques to determine myocardial ketone body utilization in vivo are lacking. In this work, we developed a novel method to assess myocardial ketone body utilization in vivo using hyperpolarized [3-13C]acetoacetate and investigated the alterations in myocardial ketone body metabolism in diabetic rats. Within a minute upon injection of [3-13C]acetoacetate, the production of [5-13C]glutamate and [1-13C] acetylcarnitine can be observed real time in vivo. In diabetic rats, the production of [5-13C]glutamate was elevated compared to controls, while [1-13C]acetylcarnitine was not different. This suggests an increase in ketone body utilization in the diabetic heart, with the produced acetyl-CoA channelled into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This observation was corroborated by an increase activity of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone body utilization, in the diabetic heart. The increased ketone body oxidation in the diabetic hearts correlated with cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, suggesting a potential coupling between ketone body metabolism and cardiac function. Hyperpolarized [3-13C]acetoacetate is a new probe with potential for non-invasive and real time monitoring of myocardial ketone body oxidation in vivo, which offers a powerful tool to follow disease progression or therapeutic interventions.
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Abdurrachim D, Teo XQ, Woo CC, Ong SY, Salleh NF, Lalic J, Tan RS, Lee PTH. Cardiac metabolic modulation upon low-carbohydrate low-protein ketogenic diet in diabetic rats studied in vivo using hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate, butyrate and acetoacetate probes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:949-960. [PMID: 30536560 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of long-term low-carbohydrate low-protein ketogenic diet (KD) on cardiac metabolism and diabetic cardiomyopathy status in lean diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic GK rats were fed with KD for 62 weeks. Cardiac function and metabolism were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13 C-MRS), at rest and under dobutamine stress. 13 C-MRS was performed following injection of hyperpolarized [3-13 C]acetoacetate, [1-13 C]butyrate or [1-13 C]pyruvate to assess ketone body, short-chain fatty acid or glucose utilization, respectively. Protein expression and cardiomyocyte structure were determined via Western blotting and histology, respectively. RESULTS KD lowered blood glucose, triglyceride and insulin levels while increasing blood ketone body levels. In KD-fed diabetic rats, myocardial ketone body and glucose oxidation were lower than in chow-fed diabetic rats, while myocardial glycolysis and short-chain fatty acid oxidation were unaltered. Dobutamine stress revealed an increased cardiac preload and reduced cardiac compliance in KD-fed diabetic rats. Dobutamine-induced stimulation of myocardial glycolysis was more enhanced in KD-fed diabetic rats than in chow-fed diabetic rats, which was potentially facilitated via an upregulation in basal expression of proteins involved in glucose transport and glycolysis in the hearts of KD-fed rats. The metabolic profile induced by KD was accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy, a trend for increased myocardial lipid and collagen content, and an increased marker of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION KD seems to exacerbate diabetic cardiomyopathy in GK rats, which may be associated with maladaptive cardiac metabolic modulation and lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Abdurrachim
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Xing Qi Teo
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Chern Chiuh Woo
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Sing Yee Ong
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Nurul Farhana Salleh
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Janise Lalic
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Teck Hock Lee
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
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Frisbee JC, Lewis MT, Kasper JD, Chantler PD, Wiseman RW. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Goto-Kakizaki rat impairs microvascular function and contributes to premature skeletal muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:626-637. [PMID: 30571284 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00751.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive investigation into the impact of metabolic disease on vascular function and, by extension, tissue perfusion and organ function, interpreting results for specific risk factors can be complicated by the additional risks present in most models. To specifically determine the impact of type 2 diabetes without obesity on skeletal muscle microvascular structure/function and on active hyperemia with elevated metabolic demand, we used 17-wk-old Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats to study microvascular function at multiple levels of resolution. Gracilis muscle arterioles demonstrated blunted dilation to acetylcholine (both ex vivo proximal and in situ distal arterioles) and elevated shear (distal arterioles only). All other alterations to reactivity appeared to reflect compromised endothelial function associated with increased thromboxane (Tx)A2 production and oxidant stress/inflammation rather than alterations to vascular smooth muscle function. Structural changes to the microcirculation of GK rats were confined to reduced microvessel density of ~12%, with no evidence for altered vascular wall mechanics. Active hyperemia with either field stimulation of in situ cremaster muscle or electrical stimulation via the sciatic nerve for in situ gastrocnemius muscle was blunted in GK rats, primarily because of blunted functional dilation of skeletal muscle arterioles. The blunted active hyperemia was associated with impaired oxygen uptake (V̇o2) across the muscle and accelerated muscle fatigue. Acute interventions to reduce oxidant stress (TEMPOL) and TxA2 action (SQ-29548) or production (dazmegrel) improved muscle perfusion, V̇o2, and muscle performance. These results suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus in GK rats impairs skeletal muscle arteriolar function apparently early in the progression of the disease and potentially via an increased reactive oxygen species/inflammation-induced TxA2 production/action on network function as a major contributing mechanism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on vascular structure/function remains an area lacking clarity. Using diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats before the development of other risk factors, we determined alterations to vascular structure/function and skeletal muscle active hyperemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus reduced arteriolar endothelium-dependent dilation associated with increased thromboxane A2 generation. Although modest microvascular rarefaction was evident, there were no other alterations to vascular structure/function. Skeletal muscle active hyperemia was blunted, although it improved after antioxidant or anti-thromboxane A2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Matthew T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jonathan D Kasper
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
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Voltage dependence of the Ca 2+ transient in endocardial and epicardial myocytes from the left ventricle of Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 446:25-33. [PMID: 29318456 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major global health disorder and, currently, over 450 million people have diabetes with 90% suffering from type 2 diabetes. Left untreated, diabetes may lead to cardiovascular diseases which are a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Calcium is the trigger and regulator of cardiac muscle contraction and derangement in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, which can result in heart failure and sudden cardiac death. It is of paramount importance to investigate the regional involvement of Ca2+ in diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transients in endocardial (ENDO) and epicardial (EPI) myocytes from the left ventricle of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Simultaneous measurement of L-type Ca2+ currents and Ca2+ transients was performed by whole-cell patch clamp techniques. GK rats displayed significantly increased heart weight, heart weight/body weight ratio, and non-fasting and fasting blood glucose compared to controls (CON). Although the voltage dependence of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered, the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transients was reduced to similar extents in EPI-GK and ENDO-GK compared to EPI-CON and ENDO-CON myocytes. TPK L-type Ca2+ current and Ca2+ transient were unaltered. THALF decay of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered; however, THALF decay of the Ca2+ transient was shortened in ENDO and EPI myocytes from GK compared to CON rat hearts. In conclusion, the amplitude of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered; however, the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transient was reduced to similar extents in EPI and ENDO myocytes from GK rats compared to their respective controls, suggesting the possibility of dysfunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport in the GK diabetic rat hearts.
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Al Kury L, Smail M, Qureshi MA, Sydorenko V, Shmygol A, Oz M, Singh J, Howarth FC. Calcium Signaling in the Ventricular Myocardium of the Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:2974304. [PMID: 29850600 PMCID: PMC5914098 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2974304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and high mortality linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major concern worldwide. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated a variety of diastolic and systolic dysfunctions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the severity of abnormalities depending on the patients' age and duration of diabetes. The cellular basis of hemodynamic dysfunction in a type 2 diabetic heart is still not well understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of contractile dysfunction and disturbances of Ca2+ transport in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rat heart. The GK rat is a widely used nonobese, nonhypertensive genetic model of T2DM which is characterized by insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, alterations in blood lipid profile, and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - M. Smail
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - V. Sydorenko
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - A. Shmygol
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. Oz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - J. Singh
- School of Forensic & Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - F. C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
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10
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Estrogen deprivation aggravates cardiac hypertrophy in nonobese Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170886. [PMID: 28923829 PMCID: PMC5643740 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and estrogen deprivation have been shown to be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiac remodeling. However, the role of estrogen deprivation on adverse cardiac remodeling in nonobese T2DM rats has not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that estrogen-deprivation aggravates adverse cardiac remodeling in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats. Wild-type (WT) and GK rats at the age of 9 months old were divided into two subgroups to have either a sham operation (WTS, GKS) or a bilateral ovariectomy (WTO, GKO) (n = 6/subgroup). Four months after the operation, the rats were killed, and the heart was excised rapidly. Metabolic parameters, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and biochemical parameters were determined. GK rats had hyperglycemia with hypoinsulinemia, and estrogen deprivation did not increase the severity of T2DM. Cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac oxidative stress, and phosphor-antinuclear factor κB were higher in WTO and GKS rats than WTS rats, and they markedly increased in GKO rats compared with GKS rats. Furthermore, cardiac fibrosis, transforming growth factor-β, Bax, phosphor-p38, and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ coactivator-1α expression were increased in GKS and GKO rats compared with the lean rats. However, mitochondrial dynamics proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 and mitofusin-2 were not altered by T2DM and estrogen deprivation. Although estrogen deprivation did not aggravate T2DM in GK rats, it increased the severity of cardiac hypertrophy by provoking cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in nonobese GK rats.
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11
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Ko KY, Wu YW, Liu CW, Cheng MF, Yen RF, Yang WS. Longitudinal evaluation of myocardial glucose metabolism and contractile function in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice using small-animal dynamic 18F-FDG PET and echocardiography. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87795-87808. [PMID: 29152121 PMCID: PMC5675673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate sequential changes of myocardial glucose utilization and LV systolic function in db/db mice. Eight db/db and eight wild-type mice underwent plasma substrate analysis and dynamic 18F-FDG PET at week 8 (W8), W10, W12, W14, and W16. 18F-FDG uptake constant Ki and the rate of myocardial glucose uptake (MRGlu) were derived via Patlak graphic analysis. Another 8 db/db and 8 wild-type mice received echocardiography at W8, W12, and W16 and LV structure and function were measured. The db/db mice showed increased weights and glucose levels as they aged. The index of homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, insulin, and free fatty acid concentrations were higher in db/db mice compared with wild-type. MRGlu of db/db mice across all time points was markedly higher than that of wild-type. An age-dependent elevation of MRGlu was observed in db/db mice. Ki and MRGlu of db/db mice showed negative correlation with triglyceride levels. When two groups were pooled together, Ki and MRGlu were significantly proportional to glucose levels. No significant difference in LV structure and function was noted between db/db and control mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated altered myocardial glucose utilization preceding the onset of LV systolic dysfunction in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yin Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Liu
- Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruoh-Fang Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics & Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,R & D Branch Office, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Yu L, Zhu B, Wu S, Zhou L, Song W, Gong X, Wang D. Evaluation of the correlation of vasculogenic mimicry, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 in the prediction of metastasis and prognosis in ovarian carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:23. [PMID: 28253891 PMCID: PMC5335811 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence and metastasis are the usual manifestations of treatment failure of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM; blood supply development often seen in highly aggressive cancers), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1, cancer stem cell biomarker), KiSS-1 (suppressor of tumor metastasis), and metastasis associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) are all useful predictive factors for metastasis and prognosis in various cancers. In this study, we analyzed associations among VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 in EOC, and their respective correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival in EOC. METHODS Positive rates of VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 in 207 whole EOC tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. Patients' clinical data were also collected. RESULTS Levels of VM, ALDH1, and MACC1 were significantly higher, and levels of KiSS-1 significantly lower, in EOC tissues than in benign ovary tumors. Levels of VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 were associated significantly with tumor/lymph node/metastasis (LNM) grade, implantation, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and with patients' overall survival (OS); whereas the KiSS-1+ subgroup had significantly longer OS than did the KiSS-1- subgroup. In multivariate analysis, high VM, ALDH1 or MACC1 levels, FIGO stage, implantation and low KiSS-1 levels were independently associated with shorter OS in patients with EOC. CONCLUSIONS VM and expressions of ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 represent promising markers for metastasis and prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenqing Song
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaomeng Gong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Danna Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui Province, China
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13
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Evans RD, Hauton D. The role of triacylglycerol in cardiac energy provision. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1481-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Korkmaz-Icöz S, Lehner A, Li S, Vater A, Radovits T, Brune M, Ruppert M, Sun X, Brlecic P, Zorn M, Karck M, Szabó G. Left ventricular pressure-volume measurements and myocardial gene expression profile in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H958-H971. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00956.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), was generated by the selective inbreeding of glucose-intolerant Wistar rats. This is a convenient model for studying diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy independently from the effects of the metabolic syndrome. We investigated the myocardial functional and structural changes and underlying molecular pathomechanisms of short-term and mild T2DM. The presence of DM was confirmed by an impaired oral glucose tolerance in the GK rats compared with the age-matched nondiabetic Wistar rats. Data from cardiac catheterization showed that in GK rats, although the systolic indexes were not altered, the diastolic stiffness was increased compared with nondiabetics (end-diastolic-pressure-volume-relationship: 0.12 ± 0.04 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01 mmHg/μl, P < 0.05). Additionally, DM was associated with left-ventricular hypertrophy and histological evidence of increased myocardial fibrosis. The plasma pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, the cardiac troponin-T, glucose, and the urinary glucose concentrations were significantly higher in GK rats. Among the 125 genes surveyed using PCR arrays, DM significantly altered the expression of five genes [upregulation of natriuretic peptide precursor-A and connective tissue growth factor, downregulation of c-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA-level]. Of the altered genes, which were evaluated by Western blot, only TNF-α protein expression was significantly decreased. The ECG recordings revealed no significant differences. In conclusion, while systolic dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, and abnormal electrical conduction remain absent, short-term and mild T2DM induce the alteration of cardiac TNF-α at both the mRNA and protein levels. Further assessments are required to reveal if TNF-α plays a role in the early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alice Lehner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shiliang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Vater
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paige Brlecic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Zorn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Sárközy M, Szűcs G, Fekete V, Pipicz M, Éder K, Gáspár R, Sója A, Pipis J, Ferdinandy P, Csonka C, Csont T. Transcriptomic alterations in the heart of non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:110. [PMID: 27496100 PMCID: PMC4975916 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a spectacular rise in the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to the worldwide obesity epidemic. However, a significant proportion of T2DM patients are non-obese and they also have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. As the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a well-known model of non-obese T2DM, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of non-obese T2DM on cardiac alterations of the transcriptome in GK rats. Methods Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and cholesterol levels were measured at 7, 11, and 15 weeks of age in male GK and control rats. Oral glucose tolerance test and pancreatic insulin level measurements were performed at 11 weeks of age. At week 15, total RNA was isolated from the myocardium and assayed by rat oligonucleotide microarray for 41,012 genes, and then expression of selected genes was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Gene ontology and protein–protein network analyses were performed to demonstrate potentially characteristic gene alterations and key genes in non-obese T2DM. Results Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and cholesterol levels were significantly increased, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were significantly impaired in GK rats as compared to controls. In hearts of GK rats, 204 genes showed significant up-regulation and 303 genes showed down-regulation as compared to controls according to microarray analysis. Genes with significantly altered expression in the heart due to non-obese T2DM includes functional clusters of metabolism (e.g. Cyp2e1, Akr1b10), signal transduction (e.g. Dpp4, Stat3), receptors and ion channels (e.g. Sln, Chrng), membrane and structural proteins (e.g. Tnni1, Mylk2, Col8a1, Adam33), cell growth and differentiation (e.g. Gpc3, Jund), immune response (e.g. C3, C4a), and others (e.g. Lrp8, Msln, Klkc1, Epn3). Gene ontology analysis revealed several significantly enriched functional inter-relationships between genes influenced by non-obese T2DM. Protein–protein interaction analysis demonstrated that Stat is a potential key gene influenced by non-obese T2DM. Conclusions Non-obese T2DM alters cardiac gene expression profile. The altered genes may be involved in the development of cardiac pathologies and could be potential therapeutic targets in non-obese T2DM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0424-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Sárközy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Veronika Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Katalin Éder
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Andrea Sója
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csonka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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16
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Devanathan S, Whitehead TD, Fettig N, Gropler RJ, Nemanich S, Shoghi KI. Sexual dimorphism in myocardial acylcarnitine and triglyceride metabolism. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:25. [PMID: 27182432 PMCID: PMC4866274 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among diabetic patients. Importantly, recent data highlight the apparent sexual dimorphism in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in diabetics with respect to both frequency- and age-related risk factors. The disposition to cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients has been attributed, at least in part, to excess lipid supply to the heart culminating in lipotoxicity of the heart and downstream derangements. A confounding factor in obese animal models of diabetes is that increased peripheral lipid availability to the heart can induce cardio-metabolic remodeling independent of the underlying pathophysiology of diabetes, thus masking the diabetic phenotype. To that end, we hypothesized that the use of non-obese diabetic (NOD) animal models will reveal metabolic signatures of diabetes in a sex-specific manner. Methods To test this hypothesis, male and female NOD Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were used to assess the expression profile of 84 genes involved in lipid metabolism. In parallel, targeted lipidomics analysis was performed to characterize sex differences in homeostasis of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), acylcarnitines (AC), and triglycerides (TG). Results Our analysis revealed significant sex differences in the expression of a broad range of genes involved in transport, activation, and utilization of lipids. Furthermore, NOD male rats exhibited enhanced oxidative metabolism and accumulation of TG, whereas female NOD rats exhibited reduced TG content coupled with accumulation of AC species. Multi-dimensional statistical analysis identified saturated AC16:0, AC18:0, and AC20:0 as dominant metabolites in mediating sex differences in AC metabolism. Confocal microscopy of rat cardiomyocytes exposed to AC14:0, AC16:0, and AC18:0 confirmed induction of ROS with AC18:0 being more potent followed by AC14:0. Conclusion Overall, we demonstrate sex differences in myocardial AC and TG metabolism with implications for therapy and diagnosis of diabetic cardiovascular disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0077-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Devanathan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Timothy D Whitehead
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Nicole Fettig
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Samuel Nemanich
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA.,Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
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17
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Gómez-Hernández A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Updating experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:656795. [PMID: 25973429 PMCID: PMC4417999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/656795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Picatoste
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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