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Vazquez-Medina A, Rodriguez-Trujillo N, Ayuso-Rodriguez K, Marini-Martinez F, Angeli-Morales R, Caussade-Silvestrini G, Godoy-Vitorino F, Chorna N. Exploring the interplay between running exercises, microbial diversity, and tryptophan metabolism along the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1326584. [PMID: 38318337 PMCID: PMC10838991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1326584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergent recognition of the gut-brain axis connection has shed light on the role of the microbiota in modulating the gut-brain axis's functions. Several microbial metabolites, such as serotonin, kynurenine, tryptamine, indole, and their derivatives originating from tryptophan metabolism have been implicated in influencing this axis. In our study, we aimed to investigate the impact of running exercises on microbial tryptophan metabolism using a mouse model. We conducted a multi-omics analysis to obtain a comprehensive insight into the changes in tryptophan metabolism along the microbiota-gut-brain axis induced by running exercises. The analyses integrated multiple components, such as tryptophan changes and metabolite levels in the gut, blood, hippocampus, and brainstem. Fecal microbiota analysis aimed to examine the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, and taxon-function analysis explored the associations between specific microbial taxa and functional activities in tryptophan metabolism. Our findings revealed significant alterations in tryptophan metabolism across multiple sites, including the gut, blood, hippocampus, and brainstem. The outcomes indicate a shift in microbiota diversity and tryptophan metabolizing capabilities within the running group, linked to increased tryptophan transportation to the hippocampus and brainstem through circulation. Moreover, the symbiotic association between Romboutsia and A. muciniphila indicated their potential contribution to modifying the gut microenvironment and influencing tryptophan transport to the hippocampus and brainstem. These findings have potential applications for developing microbiota-based approaches in the context of exercise for neurological diseases, especially on mental health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Vazquez-Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nicole Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kiara Ayuso-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Roberto Angeli-Morales
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nataliya Chorna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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2
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Williams ZA, Szyszkowicz JK, Osborne N, Allehyany B, Nadon C, Udechukwu MC, Santos A, Audet MC. Sex-specific effects of voluntary wheel running on behavior and the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100628. [PMID: 37396336 PMCID: PMC10308214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been positioned as a promising strategy to prevent and/or alleviate anxiety and depression, but the biological processes associated with its effects on mental health have yet to be entirely determined. Although the prevalence of depression and anxiety in women is about twice that of men, very few studies have examined whether physical exercise could affect mental health differently according to sex. This study examined, in singly-housed mice, the sex-specific effects of voluntary exercise on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors as well as on different markers along the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis. Male and female C57BL/6N mice had voluntary access to running wheels in their home-cages for 24 days or were left undisturbed in identical home-cages without running wheels. Behaviors were then examined in the open field, splash, elevated plus maze, and tail suspension tests. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglia activation-related genes, and tight junction proteins was determined in the jejunum and the hippocampus, while microbiota composition and predicted function were verified in cecum contents. Voluntary exercise reduced anxiety-like behaviors and altered grooming patterns in males exclusively. Although the exercise intervention resulted in changes to brain inflammatory activity and to cecal microbiota composition and inferred function in both sexes, reductions in the jejunal expression of pro-inflammatory markers were observed in females only. These findings support the view that voluntary exercise, even when performed during a short period, is beneficial for mental and intestinal health and that its sex-specific effects on behavior could be, at least in part, related to some components of the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kasia Szyszkowicz
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Natasha Osborne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Christophe Nadon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ana Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Audet
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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3
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Chiba S, Asano H, Moriya S, Hatakeyama T, Kobayashi S, Ohta R, Kawaguchi M. Bidirectional effects of voluntary exercise on the expression of Bdnf isoforms in the hippocampus of Hatano rat strains displaying different activity levels. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:126-131. [PMID: 36649932 PMCID: PMC10009423 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor has functional mRNA isoforms, whose expression is assumed to mediate the beneficial effects of exercise in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aims to reveal the mechanism of intensity-dependent effects of voluntary exercise, focusing on the expression of Bdnf mRNA isoforms in Hatano rats. Animals with different voluntary activity were housed in cages with a locked or unlocked wheel for 5 weeks. The expression levels of Bdnf isoforms and the corresponding coding sequences (CDS) were measured in the hippocampus using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that exercise increased the expression of Bdnf isoform containing exon 1 in the high-intensity-running strain and decreased the expressions of Bdnf exon 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9a in mild-intensity-running animal. The expression of Bdnf CDS was increased by exercise in both strains. These results suggest that expressions of Bdnf isoforms depend on the intensities of voluntary exercise, but the involvement of subjects' genetic background could not be excluded. Our finding also implies that the bidirectional effects of exercise may not be mediated via the final product of Bdnf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Chiba
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari City, Japan
| | - Hikaru Asano
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Moriya
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taichi Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.,Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shohei Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.,Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohta
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Hadano, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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4
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Zhao C, Wei X, Guo J, Ding Y, Luo J, Yang X, Li J, Wan G, Yu J, Shi J. Dose Optimization of Anxiolytic Compounds Group in Valeriana jatamansi Jones and Mechanism Exploration by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050589. [PMID: 35624976 PMCID: PMC9138999 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorder impacts the quality of life of the patients. The 95% ethanol extract of rhizomes and roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones (Zhi zhu xiang, ZZX) has previously been shown to be effective for the treatment of anxiety disorder. In this study, the dose ratio of each component of the anxiolytic compounds group (ACG) in a 95% ethanol extract of ZZX was optimized by a uniform design experiment and mathematical modeling. The anxiolytic effect of ACG was verified by behavioral experiments and biochemical index measurement. Network pharmacology was used to determine potential action targets, as well as predict biological processes and signaling pathways, which were then verified by molecular docking analysis. Metabolomics was then used to screen and analyze metabolites in the rat hippocampus before and after the administration of ZZX-ACG. Finally, the results of metabolomics and network pharmacology were integrated to clarify the anti-anxiety mechanism of the ACG. The optimal dose ratio of ACG in 95% ethanol extract of ZZX was obtained, and our results suggest that ACG may regulate ALB, AKT1, PTGS2, CYP3A4, ESR1, CASP3, CYP2B6, EGFR, SRC, MMP9, IGF1, and MAPK8, as well as the prolactin signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, thus affecting the brain neurotransmitters and HPA axis hormone levels to play an anxiolytic role, directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbowen Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Xiaojia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianyou Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yongsheng Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiayuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Guohui Wan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiahe Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinli Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (C.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (G.W.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Asano H, Moriya S, Hatakeyama T, Kobayashi S, Akimoto T, Ohta R, Kawaguchi M. Possible effects of voluntary exercise intensity on anxiety-like behavior and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus: Results from a study in Hatano rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 427:113854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Peritore AF, Crupi R, Scuto M, Gugliandolo E, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, D'amico R, Fusco R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. The Role of Annexin A1 and Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/3 Signaling in Chronic Corticosterone-Induced Depression-Like behaviors and Impairment in Hippocampal-Dependent Memory. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:27-43. [PMID: 31914916 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200107094732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is commonly dysregulated in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Annexin A1 (ANXA1), an endogenous ligand of Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR) 2/3, is a member of the family of phospholipid- and calcium-binding proteins with a well-defined role in the delayed early inhibitory feedback of Glucocorticoids (GC) in the pituitary gland and implicated in the occurrence of behavioural disorders such as anxiety. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the potential role of ANXA1 and its main receptor, as a cellular mediator of behavioural disorders, in a model of Corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression and subsequently, the possible correlation between the depressive state and impairment of hippocampal memory. METHODS To induce the depression model, Wild-Type (WT), ANXA1 Knockout (KO), and FPR2/3 KO mice were exposed to oral administration of CORT for 28 days dissolved in drinking water. Following this, histological, biochemical and behavioural analyses were performed. RESULTS FPR2/3 KO and ANXA1 KO mice showed improvement in anxiety and depression-like behaviour compared with WT mice after CORT administration. In addition, FPR2/3 KO and ANXA1 KO mice showed a reduction in histological alterations and neuronal death in hippocampal sections. Moreover, CORT+ FPR2/3 KO and ANXA1 KO, exhibited a higher expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), phospho-ERK, cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and a decrease in Serotonin Transporter Expression (SERT) compared to WT(CORT+) mice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the absence of the ANXA1 protein, even more than the absence of its main receptor (FPR 2/3), was fundamental to the inhibitory action of GC on the HPA axis; it also maintained the hippocampal homeostasis by preventing neuronal damage associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, United Stated
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7
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Humer E, Pieh C, Probst T. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4784. [PMID: 32640734 PMCID: PMC7369790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders range among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and belong to the leading disorders in the study of the total global burden of disease. Anxiety disorders are complex conditions, with not fully understood etiological mechanisms. Numerous factors, including psychological, genetic, biological, and chemical factors, are thought to be involved in their etiology. Although the diagnosis of anxiety disorders is constantly evolving, diagnostic manuals rely on symptom lists, not on objective biomarkers and treatment effects are small to moderate. The underlying biological factors that drive anxiety disorders may be better suited to serve as biomarkers for guiding personalized medicine, as they are objective and can be measured externally. Therefore, the incorporation of novel biomarkers into current clinical methods might help to generate a classification system for anxiety disorders that can be linked to the underlying dysfunctional pathways. The study of metabolites (metabolomics) in a large-scale manner shows potential for disease diagnosis, for stratification of patients in a heterogeneous patient population, for monitoring therapeutic efficacy and disease progression, and for defining therapeutic targets. All of these are important properties for anxiety disorders, which is a multifactorial condition not involving a single-gene mutation. This review summarizes recent investigations on metabolomics studies in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Humer
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (C.P.); (T.P.)
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8
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Liśkiewicz A, Przybyła M, Wojakowska A, Marczak Ł, Bogus K, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Liśkiewicz D, Małecki A, Barski J, Lewin-Kowalik J, Toborek M. Physical activity reduces anxiety and regulates brain fatty acid synthesis. Mol Brain 2020; 13:62. [PMID: 32303271 PMCID: PMC7165435 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity impacts brain functions, but the direct mechanisms of this effect are not fully recognized or understood. Among multidimensional changes induced by physical activity, brain fatty acids (FA) appear to play an important role; however, the knowledge in this area is particularly scarce. Here we performed global metabolomics profiling of the hippocampus and the frontal cortex (FC) in a model of voluntary running in mice. Examined brain structures responded differentially to physical activity. Specifically, the markers of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were downregulated in the FC, whereas glycolysis was enhanced in the hippocampus. Physical activity stimulated production of myristic, palmitic and stearic FA; i.e., the primary end products of de novo lipogenesis in the brain, which was accompanied by increased expression of hippocampal fatty acid synthase (FASN), suggesting stimulation of lipid synthesis. The changes in the brain fatty acid profile were associated with reduced anxiety level in the running mice. Overall, the study examines exercise-related metabolic changes in the brain and links them to behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland.
| | - Marta Przybyła
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Barski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Michal Toborek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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9
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Melo L, Hagar A. How to train a mouse-methodological issues in pre-clinical exercise oncology. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1246-1253. [PMID: 31285956 PMCID: PMC6610064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We point at several challenges that current exercise oncology rodent models face, which call their human-relevance into question: the vast majority of pre-clinical studies in exercise oncology treat "physical exercise" as a primitive concept without further analysis or qualification, and their results are based on dosages that no human can endure. The lack of analysis and qualification together with the dosage mismatch conceal the fact that rodents do not run like humans. Consequently, while these pre-clinical studies may yield insights into potential biological mechanisms underlying the systemic effects of physical exercise on cancer, the applicability of this knowledge to preventive interventions in healthy humans and the ability to translate it to practical therapies in the critically ill remain limited. We propose an alternative exercise rodent model that has better chances of meeting these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma Melo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of History & Philosophy of Science & Medicine, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN, USA
| | - Amit Hagar
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN, USA
- Department of History & Philosophy of Science & Medicine, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN, USA
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10
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Ronca AE, Moyer EL, Talyansky Y, Lowe M, Padmanabhan S, Choi S, Gong C, Cadena SM, Stodieck L, Globus RK. Behavior of mice aboard the International Space Station. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4717. [PMID: 30976012 PMCID: PMC6459880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in space habitation has grown dramatically with planning underway for the first human transit to Mars. Despite a robust history of domestic and international spaceflight research, understanding behavioral adaptation to the space environment for extended durations is scant. Here we report the first detailed behavioral analysis of mice flown in the NASA Rodent Habitat on the International Space Station (ISS). Following 4-day transit from Earth to ISS, video images were acquired on orbit from 16- and 32-week-old female mice. Spaceflown mice engaged in a full range of species-typical behaviors. Physical activity was greater in younger flight mice as compared to identically-housed ground controls, and followed the circadian cycle. Within 7-10 days after launch, younger (but not older), mice began to exhibit distinctive circling or 'race-tracking' behavior that evolved into coordinated group activity. Organized group circling behavior unique to spaceflight may represent stereotyped motor behavior, rewarding effects of physical exercise, or vestibular sensation produced via self-motion. Affording mice the opportunity to grab and run in the RH resembles physical activities that the crew participate in routinely. Our approach yields a useful analog for better understanding human responses to spaceflight, providing the opportunity to assess how physical movement influences responses to microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April E Ronca
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA. .,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Eric L Moyer
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA.,Utrecht University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Technology Program, Universiteitsweg 98, 3584 CG, UTRECHT, The Netherlands
| | - Yuli Talyansky
- Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA.,Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Moniece Lowe
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA
| | - Shreejit Padmanabhan
- San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA.,Duke Empirical Inc., 2829 Mission St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sungshin Choi
- KBRwyle, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Cynthia Gong
- KBRwyle, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Samuel M Cadena
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Louis Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA
| | - Ruth K Globus
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
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11
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Zhang P, Rhodes JS, Garland T, Perez SD, Southey BR, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Brain region-dependent gene networks associated with selective breeding for increased voluntary wheel-running behavior. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201773. [PMID: 30071007 PMCID: PMC6072066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior are helpful models for uncovering gene networks associated with increased motivation for physical activity and other reward-dependent behaviors. The fact that multiple brain regions are hypothesized to contribute to distinct behavior components necessitates the simultaneous study of these regions. The goals of this study were to identify brain-region dependent and independent gene expression patterns, regulators, and networks associated with increased voluntary wheel-running behavior. The cerebellum and striatum from a high voluntary running line and a non-selected control line were compared. Neuropeptide genes annotated to reward-dependent processes including neuropeptide S receptor 1 (Npsr1), neuropeptide Y (Npy), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9), and genes implicated in motor coordination including vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and keratin, type I cytoskeletal 25 (Krt25) were among the genes exhibiting activity line-by-region interaction effects. Genes annotated to the Parkinson pathway presented consistent line patterns, albeit at different orders of magnitude between brain regions, suggesting some parallel events in response to selection for high voluntary activity. The comparison of gene networks between brain regions highlighted genes including transcription factor AP-2-delta (Tfap2d), distal-less homeobox 5 gene (Dlx5) and sine oculis homeobox homolog 3 (Six3) that exhibited line differential expression in one brain region and are associated with reward-dependent behaviors. Transcription factors including En2, Stat6 and Eomes predominated among regulators of genes that differed in expression between lines. Results from the simultaneous study of striatum and cerebellum confirm the necessity to study molecular mechanisms associated with voluntary activity and reward-dependent behaviors in consideration of brain region dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Justin S. Rhodes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Sam D. Perez
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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12
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Nedic Erjavec G, Konjevod M, Nikolac Perkovic M, Svob Strac D, Tudor L, Barbas C, Grune T, Zarkovic N, Pivac N. Short overview on metabolomic approach and redox changes in psychiatric disorders. Redox Biol 2017; 14:178-186. [PMID: 28942195 PMCID: PMC5609866 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are severe mental disorders and complicated diagnostic entities, due to their phenotypic, biological and genetic heterogeneity, unknown etiology, and poorly understood alterations in biological pathways and biological mechanisms. Disturbed homeostasis between overproduction of oxidant species, overcoming redox regulation and a lack of cellular antioxidant defenses, resulting in free radical-mediated pathology and subsequent neurotoxicity contributes to development of depression, schizophrenia and PTSD, their heterogeneous clinical presentation and resistance to treatment. Metabolomics is a discipline that combines different strategies with the aim to extract, detect, identify and quantify all metabolites that are present in a biological sample and might provide mechanistic insights into the etiology of various psychiatric disorders. Therefore, oxidative stress research combined with metabolomics might offer a novel approach in dissecting psychiatric disorders, since these data-driven but not necessarily hypothesis-driven methods might identify new targets, molecules and pathways responsible for development of schizophrenia, depression or PTSD. Findings from the oxidative research in psychiatry together with metabolomics data might facilitate development of specific and validated prognostic, therapeutic and clinical biomarkers. These methods might reveal bio-signatures of individual patients, leading to individualized treatment approach. In reviewing findings related to oxidative stress and metabolomics in selected psychiatric disorders, we have highlighted how these novel approaches might make a unique contribution to deeper understanding of psychopathological alterations underlying schizophrenia, depression and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laborattory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Zagreb, Croatia; The Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO) at thte Pharmacy Faculty, University San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laborattory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laborattory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laborattory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laborattory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Coral Barbas
- The Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO) at thte Pharmacy Faculty, University San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laborattory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Zagreb, Croatia.
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13
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Chen C, Nakagawa S, An Y, Ito K, Kitaichi Y, Kusumi I. The exercise-glucocorticoid paradox: How exercise is beneficial to cognition, mood, and the brain while increasing glucocorticoid levels. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 44:83-102. [PMID: 27956050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However, exercise also activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increases levels of the glucocorticoid cortisol (CORT). CORT, also known as the "stress hormone," is considered a mediator between chronic stress and depression and to link various cognitive deficits. Here, we review the evidence that shows that while both chronic stress and exercise elevate basal CORT levels leading to increased secretion of CORT, the former is detrimental to cognition/memory, mood/stress coping, and brain plasticity, while the latter is beneficial. We propose three preliminary answers to the exercise-CORT paradox. Importantly, the elevated CORT, through glucocorticoid receptors, functions to elevate dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex under chronic exercise but not chronic stress, and the medial prefrontal dopamine is essential for active coping. Future inquiries may provide further insights to promote our understanding of this paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Koki Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuji Kitaichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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14
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Radak Z, Suzuki K, Higuchi M, Balogh L, Boldogh I, Koltai E. Physical exercise, reactive oxygen species and neuroprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:187-196. [PMID: 26828019 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise has systemic beneficial effects, including the promotion of brain function. The adaptive response to regular exercise involves the up-regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and modulation of oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of cell signaling. Exercise, via intensity-dependent modulation of metabolism and/or directly activated ROS generating enzymes, regulates the cellular redox state of the brain. ROS are also involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of neuronal stem cells and the exercise-mediated neurogenesis could be partly associated with ROS production. Exercise has strong effects on the immune system and readily alters the production of cytokines. Certain cytokines, especially IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, IL-18 and IFN gamma, are actively involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Cytokines can also contribute to ROS production. ROS-mediated alteration of lipids, protein, and DNA could directly affect brain function, while exercise modulates the accumulation of oxidative damage. Oxidative alteration of macromolecules can activate signaling processes, membrane remodeling, and gene transcription. The well known neuroprotective effects of exercise are partly due to redox-associated adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas u. 44, TF, Budapest, Hungary; Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Laszlo Balogh
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erika Koltai
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas u. 44, TF, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Pan-Vazquez A, Rye N, Ameri M, McSparron B, Smallwood G, Bickerdyke J, Rathbone A, Dajas-Bailador F, Toledo-Rodriguez M. Impact of voluntary exercise and housing conditions on hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor, miR-124 and anxiety. Mol Brain 2015; 8:40. [PMID: 26135882 PMCID: PMC4487841 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of physical activity and increased levels of stress contribute to the development of multiple physical and mental disorders. An increasing number of studies relate voluntary exercise with greater resilience to psychological stress, a process that is highly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on stress resilience are still poorly understood. Here we have studied the impact of long term exercise and housing conditions on: a) hippocampal expression of glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1), b) epigenetic regulation of Nr3c1 (DNA methylation at the Nr3c1-1F promoter and miR-124 expression), c) anxiety (elevated plus maze, EPM), and d) adrenal gland weight and adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor (Mc2r) expression. RESULTS Exercise increased Nr3c1 and Nr3c1-1F expression and decreased miR-124 levels in the hippocampus in single-housed mice, suggesting enhanced resilience to stress. The opposite was found for pair-housed animals. Bisulfite sequencing showed virtually no DNA methylation in the Nr3c1-1F promoter region. Single-housing increased the time spent on stretch attend postures. Exercise decreased the time spent at the open arms of the EPM, however, the mobility of the exercise groups was significantly lower. Exercise had opposite effects on the adrenal gland weight of single and pair-housed mice, while it had no effect on adrenal Mc2r expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that exercise exerts a positive impact on stress resilience in single-housed mice that could be mediated by decreasing miR-124 and increasing Nr3c1 expression in the hippocampus. However, pair-housing reverses these effects possibly due to stress from dominance disputes between pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pan-Vazquez
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Present address: MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Rye
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mitra Ameri
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan McSparron
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Smallwood
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Bickerdyke
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Rathbone
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Dajas-Bailador
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Toledo-Rodriguez
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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16
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Checa A, Bedia C, Jaumot J. Lipidomic data analysis: Tutorial, practical guidelines and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 885:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Formyl peptide receptor as a novel therapeutic target for anxiety-related disorders. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114626. [PMID: 25517119 PMCID: PMC4269406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPR) belong to a family of sensors of the immune system that detect microbe-associated molecules and inform various cellular and sensorial mechanisms to the presence of pathogens in the host. Here we demonstrate that Fpr2/3-deficient mice show a distinct profile of behaviour characterised by reduced anxiety in the marble burying and light-dark box paradigms, increased exploratory behaviour in an open-field, together with superior performance on a novel object recognition test. Pharmacological blockade with a formyl peptide receptor antagonist, Boc2, in wild type mice reproduced most of the behavioural changes observed in the Fpr2/3-/- mice, including a significant improvement in novel object discrimination and reduced anxiety in a light/dark shuttle test. These effects were associated with reduced FPR signalling in the gut as shown by the significant reduction in the levels of p-p38. Collectively, these findings suggest that homeostatic FPR signalling exerts a modulatory effect on anxiety-like behaviours. These findings thus suggest that therapies targeting FPRs may be a novel approach to ameliorate behavioural abnormalities present in neuropsychiatric disorders at the cognitive-emotional interface.
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