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Wu Q, Berglund AE, Macaulay RJ, Etame AB. The Role of Mesenchymal Reprogramming in Malignant Clonal Evolution and Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Cells 2024; 13:942. [PMID: 38891074 PMCID: PMC11171993 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common yet uniformly fatal adult brain cancer. Intra-tumoral molecular and cellular heterogeneities are major contributory factors to therapeutic refractoriness and futility in GBM. Molecular heterogeneity is represented through molecular subtype clusters whereby the proneural (PN) subtype is associated with significantly increased long-term survival compared to the highly resistant mesenchymal (MES) subtype. Furthermore, it is universally recognized that a small subset of GBM cells known as GBM stem cells (GSCs) serve as reservoirs for tumor recurrence and progression. The clonal evolution of GSC molecular subtypes in response to therapy drives intra-tumoral heterogeneity and remains a critical determinant of GBM outcomes. In particular, the intra-tumoral MES reprogramming of GSCs using current GBM therapies has emerged as a leading hypothesis for therapeutic refractoriness. Preventing the intra-tumoral divergent evolution of GBM toward the MES subtype via new treatments would dramatically improve long-term survival for GBM patients and have a significant impact on GBM outcomes. In this review, we examine the challenges of the role of MES reprogramming in the malignant clonal evolution of glioblastoma and provide future perspectives for addressing the unmet therapeutic need to overcome resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert J. Macaulay
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Arnold B. Etame
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Fang KT, Su CS, Layos JJ, Lau NYS, Cheng KH. Haploinsufficiency of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Coupled with Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homologue Activation and P53 Loss Provokes High-Grade Glioblastoma Formation in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1046. [PMID: 38473403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly type of brain tumor originating from glial cells. Despite decades of clinical trials and research, there has been limited success in improving survival rates. However, molecular pathology studies have provided a detailed understanding of the genetic alterations associated with the formation and progression of glioblastoma-such as Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling activation (5%), P53 mutations (25%), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) alterations (2%)-laying the groundwork for further investigation into the biological and biochemical basis of this malignancy. These analyses have been crucial in revealing the sequential appearance of specific genetic lesions at distinct histopathological stages during the development of GBM. To further explore the pathogenesis and progression of glioblastoma, here, we developed the glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP)-Cre-driven mouse model and demonstrated that activated KRAS and p53 deficiencies play distinct and cooperative roles in initiating glioma tumorigenesis. Additionally, the combination of APC haploinsufficiency with mutant Kras activation and p53 deletion resulted in the rapid progression of GBM, characterized by perivascular inflammation, large necrotic areas, and multinucleated giant cells. Consequently, our GBM models have proven to be invaluable resources for identifying early disease biomarkers in glioblastoma, as they closely mimic the human disease. The insights gained from these models may pave the way for potential advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this challenging brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Te Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shiang Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jhoanna Jane Layos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Nga Yin Sadonna Lau
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Repossi R, Martín-Ramírez R, Gómez-Bernal F, Medina L, Fariña-Jerónimo H, González-Fernández R, Martín-Vasallo P, Plata-Bello J. Evaluation of Zonulin Expression and Its Potential Clinical Significance in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:356. [PMID: 38254845 PMCID: PMC10814510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the deadliest adult brain tumor, poses a significant therapeutic challenge with a dismal prognosis despite current treatments. Zonulin, a protein influencing tight junctions and barrier functions, has gained attention for its diverse roles in various diseases. This study aimed to preliminarily analyze the circulating and tumor zonulin levels, evaluating their impact on disease prognosis and clinical-radiological factors. Additionally, we investigated in vitro zonulin expression in different glioblastoma cell lines under two different conditions. The study comprised 34 newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients, with blood samples collected before treatment for zonulin and haptoglobin analysis. Tumor tissue samples from 21 patients were obtained for zonulin expression. Clinical, molecular, and radiological data were collected, and zonulin protein levels were assessed using ELISA and Western blot techniques. Furthermore, zonulin expression was analyzed in vitro in three glioblastoma cell lines cultured under standard and glioma-stem-cell (GSC)-specific conditions. High zonulin expression in glioblastoma tumors correlated with larger preoperative contrast enhancement and edema volumes. Patients with high zonulin levels showed a poorer prognosis (progression-free survival [PFS]). Similarly, elevated serum levels of zonulin were associated with a trend of shorter PFS. Higher haptoglobin levels correlated with MGMT methylation and longer PFS. In vitro, glioblastoma cell lines expressed zonulin under standard cell culture conditions, with increased expression in tumorsphere-specific conditions. Elevated zonulin levels in both the tumor and serum of glioblastoma patients were linked to a poorer prognosis and radiological signs of increased disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In vitro, zonulin expression exhibited a significant increase in tumorspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Repossi
- Neurogenetics of Rare Disease Group, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, University of La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Rita Martín-Ramírez
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, University of La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Gómez-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 S/C de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lilian Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 S/C de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Helga Fariña-Jerónimo
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, University of La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 S/C de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rebeca González-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Julio Plata-Bello
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, University of La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 S/C de Tenerife, Spain
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Zhang S, Yang R, Ouyang Y, Shen Y, Hu L, Xu C. Cancer stem cells: a target for overcoming therapeutic resistance and relapse. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0333. [PMID: 38164743 PMCID: PMC10845928 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cells in cancers that are thought to initiate tumorous transformation and promote metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to treatment. Growing evidence has revealed the existence of CSCs in various types of cancers and suggested that CSCs differentiate into diverse lineage cells that contribute to tumor progression. We may be able to overcome the limitations of cancer treatment with a comprehensive understanding of the biological features and mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance in CSCs. This review provides an overview of the properties, biomarkers, and mechanisms of resistance shown by CSCs. Recent findings on metabolic features, especially fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis in CSCs, are highlighted, along with promising targeting strategies. Targeting CSCs is a potential treatment plan to conquer cancer and prevent resistance and relapse in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chengdu Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Lanlin Hu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Membrane Signaling Mechanisms Reduces the Invasiveness of U87-MG and U251-MG Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041027. [PMID: 36831372 PMCID: PMC9954756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairing the motility of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells is a compelling goal for new approaches to manage this highly invasive and rapidly lethal human brain cancer. Work here characterized an array of pharmacological inhibitors of membrane ion and water channels, alone and in combination, as tools for restraining glioblastoma spread in human GBM cell lines U87-MG and U251-MG. Aquaporins, AMPA glutamate receptors, and ion channel classes (shown to be upregulated in human GBM at the transcript level and linked to mechanisms of motility in other cell types) were selected as pharmacological targets for analyses. Effective compounds reduced the transwell invasiveness of U87-MG and U251-MG glioblastoma cells by 20-80% as compared with controls, without cytotoxicity. The compounds and doses used were: AqB013 (14 μM); nifedipine (25 µM); amiloride (10 µM); apamin (10 µM); 4-aminopyridine (250 µM); and CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; 30 µM). Invasiveness was quantified in vitro across transwell filter chambers layered with extracellular matrix. Co-application of each of the ion channel agents with the water channel inhibitor AqB013 augmented the inhibition of invasion (20 to 50% greater than either agent alone). The motility impairment achieved by co-application of pharmacological agents differed between the GBM proneural-like subtype U87-MG and classical-like subtype U251-MG, showing patterns consistent with relative levels of target channel expression (Human Protein Atlas database). In addition, two compounds, xanthurenic acid and caelestine C (from the Davis Open Access Natural Product-based Library, Griffith University QLD), were discovered to block invasion at micromolar doses in both GBM lines (IC50 values from 0.03 to 1 µM), without cytotoxicity, as measured by full mitochondrial activity under conditions matching those in transwell assays and by normal growth in spheroid assays. Mechanisms of action of these agents based on published work are likely to involve modulation of glutamatergic receptor signaling. Treating glioblastoma by the concurrent inhibition of multiple channel targets could be a powerful approach for slowing invasive cell spread without cytotoxic side effects, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of clinical interventions focused on eradicating primary tumors.
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MicroRNA and mRNA Expression Changes in Glioblastoma Cells Cultivated under Conditions of Neurosphere Formation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5294-5311. [PMID: 36354672 PMCID: PMC9688839 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most highly metastatic cancers. The study of the pathogenesis of GBM, as well as the development of targeted oncolytic drugs, require the use of actual cell models, in particular, the use of 3D cultures or neurospheres (NS). During the formation of NS, the adaptive molecular landscape of the transcriptome, which includes various regulatory RNAs, changes. The aim of this study was to reveal changes in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target mRNAs in GBM cells under conditions of NS formation. Neurospheres were obtained from both immortalized U87 MG and patient-derived BR3 GBM cell cultures. Next generation sequencing analysis of small and long RNAs of adherent and NS cultures of GBM cells was carried out. It was found that the formation of NS proceeds with an increase in the level of seven and a decrease in the level of 11 miRNAs common to U87 MG and BR3, as well as an increase in the level of 38 and a decrease in the level of 12 mRNA/lncRNA. Upregulation of miRNAs hsa-miR: -139-5p; -148a-3p; -192-5p; -218-5p; -34a-5p; and -381-3p are accompanied by decreased levels of their target mRNAs: RTN4, FLNA, SH3BP4, DNPEP, ETS2, MICALL1, and GREM1. Downregulation of hsa-miR: -130b-5p, -25-5p, -335-3p and -339-5p occurs with increased levels of mRNA-targets BDKRB2, SPRY4, ERRFI1 and TGM2. The involvement of SPRY4, ERRFI1, and MICALL1 mRNAs in the regulation of EGFR/FGFR signaling highlights the role of hsa-miR: -130b-5p, -25-5p, -335-3p, and -34a-5p not only in the formation of NS, but also in the regulation of malignant growth and invasion of GBM. Our data provide the basis for the development of new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of GBM.
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Vasileva NS, Kuligina EV, Dymova MA, Savinovskaya YI, Zinchenko ND, Ageenko AB, Mishinov SV, Dome AS, Stepanov GA, Richter VA, Semenov DV. Transcriptome Changes in Glioma Cells Cultivated under Conditions of Neurosphere Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193106. [PMID: 36231068 PMCID: PMC9563256 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and heterogeneous primary brain tumor. The development of a new relevant preclinical models is necessary. As research moves from cultures of adherent gliomas to a more relevant model, neurospheres, it is necessary to understand the changes that cells undergo at the transcriptome level. In the present work, we used three patient-derived gliomas and two immortalized glioblastomas, while their cultivation was carried out under adherent culture and neurosphere (NS) conditions. When comparing the transcriptomes of monolayer (ML) and NS cell cultures, we used Enrichr genes sets enrichment analysis to describe transcription factors (TFs) and the pathways involved in the formation of glioma NS. It was observed that NS formation is accompanied by the activation of five common gliomas of TFs, SOX2, UBTF, NFE2L2, TCF3 and STAT3. The sets of transcripts controlled by TFs MYC and MAX were suppressed in NS. Upregulated genes are involved in the processes of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness, invasion and migration of glioma cells. However, MYC/MAX-dependent downregulated genes are involved in translation, focal adhesion and apical junction. Furthermore, we found three EGFR and FGFR signaling feedback regulators common to all analyzed gliomas-SPRY4, ERRFI1, and RAB31-which can be used for creating new therapeutic strategies of suppressing the invasion and progression of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Vasileva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V. Kuligina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maya A. Dymova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yulya I. Savinovskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita D. Zinchenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alisa B. Ageenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Mishinov
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan, Department of Neurosurgery, Frunze Street 17, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Anton S. Dome
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Stepanov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Richter
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Semenov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +73-833635189
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Survivin Inhibition by Piperine Sensitizes Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells and Leads to Better Drug Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147604. [PMID: 35886952 PMCID: PMC9323232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer stem cells (GSCs) are one of the strongest contributing factors to treatment resistance in GBM. Identification of biomarkers capable of directly affecting these cells within the bulk tumor is a major challenge associated with the development of new targeting strategies. In this study, we focus on understanding the potential of the multifunctional extraordinaire survivin as a biomarker for GSCs. We analyzed the expression profiles of this gene using various publicly available datasets to understand its importance in stemness and other cancer processes. The findings from these studies were further validated using human GSCs isolated from a GBM cell line. In these GSCs, survivin was inhibited using the dietary phytochemical piperine (PIP) and the subsequent effects on stemness, cancer processes and Temozolomide were investigated. In silico analysis identified survivin to be one of the most significant differentially regulated gene in GSCs, in comparison to common stemness markers. Further validation studies on the isolated GSCs showed the importance of survivin in stemness, cancer progression and therapy resistance. Taken together, our study identifies survivin as a more consistent GSC marker and also suggests the possibility of using survivin inhibitors along with standard of care drugs for better therapeutic outcomes.
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The Protective Role of 4-Acetylarylquinolinol B in Different Pathological Processes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2362-2373. [PMID: 35678690 PMCID: PMC9164036 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a traditional plant and a unique fungus native to Taiwan that has been reported to have many biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The compound 4-acetylarylquinolinol B (4-AAQB) is one of the main bioactive compounds in the stamens of Antrodia cinnamomea, and has many biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, blood sugar reduction, antimetastasis, and vascular tone relaxation. In recent years, the increasing evidences have shown that 4-AAQB is involved in many diseases; however, the relevant mechanisms have not been fully clarified. This review aimed to clarify the improvement by 4-AAQB in different pathological processes, as well as the compound’s molecular mechanisms, in order to provide a theoretical reference for future related research
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Kumbar VM, Muddapur UM, Bhat KG, Shwetha HR, Kugaji MS, Peram MR, Dindawar S. Cancer Stem Cell Traits in Tumor Spheres Derived from Primary Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:247-254. [PMID: 34759681 PMCID: PMC8525812 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_252_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer stem cells (CSCs) belong to a subpopulation of undifferentiated cells present within tumors that have the potential to regenerate, differentiate, maintenance of pluripotency, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an innate host. These can influence the growth and behavior of these tumors and are used to investigate the initiation, progression, and treatment strategies of laryngeal cancer. Research on CSC science and targeted therapies were hinge on their isolation and/or enrichment procedures. The object of the study is to isolate cancer stem cells from primary laryngeal carcinoma (CSCPLC) by tumor spheres enrichment. We checked the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Materials and Methods We performed tumor sphere formation assay (primary, secondary, and tertiary) chemotherapy resistance by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay were performed to evaluate the CSC cells. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+, CD44+) and gene expression of stem cell markers for CD133+, CD44+, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG was done using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results We were able to isolated CSC subpopulations from PLC cell lines by the tumor sphere method. These cells exhibited good primary, secondary, and tertiary tumor sphere formation efficiency and also disclosed a resistant index of more than 2. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+ and CD44+) confirms the presence of CSC. There was significantly higher mRNA expression of stem cell markers in CSC enriched subpopulations compared to the parental cell lines. Conclusion We conclude that tumor spheres enrichment is an efficient, economical, and reliable approach for the isolation and characterization of CSC from PLC cell lines. These cells demonstrated the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mahadev Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Uday M Muddapur
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India
| | - H R Shwetha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal's N. G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Dindawar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maratha Mandal's N. G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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11
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Characterizing the Genomic Profile in High-Grade Gliomas: From Tumor Core to Peritumoral Brain Zone, Passing through Glioma-Derived Tumorspheres. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111157. [PMID: 34827152 PMCID: PMC8615186 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an extremely heterogeneous disease. Treatment failure and tumor recurrence primarily reflect the presence in the tumor core (TC) of the glioma stem cells (GSCs), and secondly the contribution, still to be defined, of the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ). Using the array-CGH platform, we deepened the genomic knowledge about the different components of GBM and we identified new specific biomarkers useful for new therapies. We firstly investigated the genomic profile of 20 TCs of GBM; then, for 14 cases and 7 cases, respectively, we compared these genomic profiles with those of the related GSC cultures and PBZ biopsies. The analysis on 20 TCs confirmed the intertumoral heterogeneity and a high percentage of copy number alterations (CNAs) in GBM canonical pathways. Comparing the genomic profiles of 14 TC-GSC pairs, we evidenced a robust similarity among the two samples of each patient. The shared imbalanced genes are related to the development and progression of cancer and in metabolic pathways, as shown by bioinformatic analysis using DAVID. Finally, the comparison between 7 TC-PBZ pairs leads to the identification of PBZ-unique alterations that require further investigation.
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Parvanova I, Borziak K, Guarino J, Finkelstein J. A Platform for Integrating and Sharing Cancer Stem Cell Data. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:2320-2325. [PMID: 34891750 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in cancer research and treatment have highlighted the need for standardization and sharing of cancer stem cell (CSC) data to facilitate research transparency and to promote collaboration within the scientific community. Although previous applications have attempted to gather and disseminate these data, currently no platform organizes the heterogeneous CSC information into a harmonized project-based framework. The aim of our platform, ReMeDy, is to provide an intelligent informatics solution integrating diverse CSC characteristics, outcomes information, and omics data across clinical, preclinical and in vitro studies. These heterogeneous data streams are organized within a multi-modular framework, subjected to a stringent validation by using standardized ontologies, and stored in a searchable format. To test usefulness of our approach for capturing diverse data related to CSCs, we integrated data from 52 publicly-available CSC projects. We validated the robustness of the platform, by efficiently organizing diverse data elements, and demonstrated its potential for promoting future knowledge discovery driven by aggregation of published data. Next steps include expanding number of uploaded CSC projects and developing additional data visualization tools. The platform is accessible through https://remedy.mssm.edu/.
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Seifert C, Balz E, Herzog S, Korolev A, Gaßmann S, Paland H, Fink MA, Grube M, Marx S, Jedlitschky G, Tzvetkov MV, Rauch BH, Schroeder HWS, Bien-Möller S. PIM1 Inhibition Affects Glioblastoma Stem Cell Behavior and Kills Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011126. [PMID: 34681783 PMCID: PMC8541331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite comprehensive therapy and extensive research, glioblastoma (GBM) still represents the most aggressive brain tumor in adults. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to play a major role in tumor progression and resistance of GBM cells to radiochemotherapy. The PIM1 kinase has become a focus in cancer research. We have previously demonstrated that PIM1 is involved in survival of GBM cells and in GBM growth in a mouse model. However, little is known about the importance of PIM1 in cancer stem cells. Here, we report on the role of PIM1 in GBM stem cell behavior and killing. PIM1 inhibition negatively regulates the protein expression of the stem cell markers CD133 and Nestin in GBM cells (LN-18, U-87 MG). In contrast, CD44 and the astrocytic differentiation marker GFAP were up-regulated. Furthermore, PIM1 expression was increased in neurospheres as a model of GBM stem-like cells. Treatment of neurospheres with PIM1 inhibitors (TCS PIM1-1, Quercetagetin, and LY294002) diminished the cell viability associated with reduced DNA synthesis rate, increased caspase 3 activity, decreased PCNA protein expression, and reduced neurosphere formation. Our results indicate that PIM1 affects the glioblastoma stem cell behavior, and its inhibition kills glioblastoma stem-like cells, pointing to PIM1 targeting as a potential anti-glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Seifert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Ellen Balz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Susann Herzog
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Anna Korolev
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Sebastian Gaßmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Heiko Paland
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Matthias A. Fink
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Markus Grube
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Sascha Marx
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Gabriele Jedlitschky
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Mladen V. Tzvetkov
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Henry W. S. Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Sandra Bien-Möller
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-03834-865646
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Liu P, Huang X, Wu H, Yin G, Shen L. LncRNA-H19 gene plays a significant role in regulating glioma cell function. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1480. [PMID: 34477331 PMCID: PMC8580082 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is an aggressive adult primary cancer, and is characterized by low cure rate, poor prognosis, and high recurrence. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of lncRNA‐H19 gene silencing on glioma cell function. Methods lncRNA‐H19 interference vector (LV3‐si‐H19) and negative control vector (LV3‐NC) were stably transfected into U251 and U87‐MG cells, respectively. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was performed to investigate the expression of lncRNA‐H19. Cell proliferation capacity was tested by adopting cell counting kit (CCK8), and propidium iodide (PI) was used for cell cycle analysis. Meanwhile, flow cytometry (FCM) method was used to investigate cell apoptosis, cell migration capacity was detected via wound healing and transwell experiments, and sphere‐forming ability was examined in serum‐free suspension culture. Additionally, glioma animal models were conducted through injecting U251 cells to estimate the effects of lncRNA‐H19 on glioma growth in vivo. Results Knocking down lncRNA‐H19 gene could effectively suppress the proliferation of U251 and U87‐MG cells. The knockdown of lncRNA‐H19 remarkably inhibited the migration and blocked cycle progressions of U251 and U87‐MG cells, yet, no obvious changes were observed in cell apoptosis. Besides, inhibiting lncRNA‐H19 expression could attenuate sphere‐forming function of U251 and U87‐MG cells. Additionally, tumor volume and weight were significantly reduced in rats injected with U251 LV‐si‐H19 cell line compared to untransfected and negative controls, when survival time was obviously prolonged in U251 LV‐si‐H19 injection groups. Conclusion LncRNA‐H19 gene plays a carcinogenic role in glioma progression via enhancing aggressive behavior of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xinqiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Guoling Yin
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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15
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Jara N, Ramirez E, Ferrada L, Salazar K, Espinoza F, González-Chavarría I, Nualart F. Vitamin C deficient reduces proliferation in a human periventricular tumor stem cell-derived glioblastoma model. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5801-5817. [PMID: 33432597 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of 14.6 months. GBM is highly resistant to radio- and chemotherapy, and remains without a cure; hence, new treatment strategies are constantly sought. Vitamin C, an essential micronutrient and antioxidant, was initially described as an antitumor molecule; however, several studies have shown that it can promote tumor progression and angiogenesis. Thus, considering the high concentrations of vitamin C present in the brain, our aim was to study the effect of vitamin C deficiency on the progression of GBM using a GBM model generated by the stereotactic injection of human GBM cells (U87-MG or HSVT-C3 cells) in the subventricular zone of guinea pig brain. Initial characterization of U87-MG and HSVT-C3 cells showed that HSVT-C3 are highly proliferative, overexpress p53, and are resistant to ferroptosis. To induce intraperiventricular tumors, animals received control or a vitamin C-deficient diet for 3 weeks, after which histopathological and confocal microscopy analyses were performed. We demonstrated that the vitamin C-deficient condition reduced the glomeruloid vasculature and microglia/macrophage infiltration in U87-MG tumors. Furthermore, tumor size, proliferation, glomeruloid vasculature, microglia/macrophage infiltration, and invasion were reduced in C3 tumors carried by vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs. In conclusion, the effect of the vitamin C deficiency was dependent on the tumor cell used for GBM induction. HSVT-C3 cells, a cell line with stem cell features isolated from a human subventricular GBM, showed higher sensitivity to the deficient condition; however, vitamin C deficiency displayed an antitumor effect in both GBM models analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery Jara
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Eder Ramirez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Katterine Salazar
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Francisca Espinoza
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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MSI1 Promotes the Expression of the GBM Stem Cell Marker CD44 by Impairing miRNA-Dependent Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123654. [PMID: 33291443 PMCID: PMC7762192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain tumor with a median survival rate of approximately 14 months. GBM patients commonly suffer from tumor recurrence, indicating that populations of chemo/radio-resistant stem cell-like tumor cells survive treatments. Here we reveal that the neuronal stem cell marker Musashi1 (MSI1) is highly expressed in primary GBM and recurrences. We identify a novel regulatory role of MSI1 in GBM-derived cell lines and patient-derived tumorspheres, the enhancement of stemness marker expression, here demonstrated for CD44. Furthermore, we provide a rationale for MSI1-centered therapeutic targeting strategies to improve treatment options of this chemo/radio-resistant malignancy. Abstract The stem cell marker Musashi1 (MSI1) is highly expressed during neurogenesis and in glioblastoma (GBM). MSI1 promotes self-renewal and impairs differentiation in cancer and non-malignant progenitor cells. However, a comprehensive understanding of its role in promoting GBM-driving networks remains to be deciphered. We demonstrate that MSI1 is highly expressed in GBM recurrences, an oncologist’s major defiance. For the first time, we provide evidence that MSI1 promotes the expression of stem cell markers like CD44, co-expressed with MSI1 within recurrence-promoting cells at the migrating front of primary GBM samples. With GBM cell models of pediatric and adult origin, including isolated primary tumorspheres, we show that MSI1 promotes stem cell-like characteristics. Importantly, it impairs CD44 downregulation in a 3′UTR- and miRNA-dependent manner by controlling mRNA turnover. This regulation is disturbed by the previously reported MSI1 inhibitor luteolin, providing further evidence for a therapeutic target potential of MSI1 in GBM treatment.
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Sahab-Negah S, Ariakia F, Jalili-Nik M, Afshari AR, Salehi S, Samini F, Rajabzadeh G, Gorji A. Curcumin Loaded in Niosomal Nanoparticles Improved the Anti-tumor Effects of Free Curcumin on Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells: an In Vitro Study. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3391-3411. [PMID: 32430842 PMCID: PMC7340659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using a novel curcumin-loaded niosome nanoparticle (CM-NP), the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of curcumin on human glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). CM-NP has a diameter of ~ 60 nm and a zeta potential of ~ - 35 mV with a constant physicochemical stability. The cytotoxic effects of free curcumin (CM) and CM-NP were investigated on GSCs obtained during the removal of a brain tumor. Both CM and CM-NP caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and viability of GSCs. The IC50 values of CM and CM-NP on GSCs were 50 and 137 μg/ml after 24 h, respectively. CM-NP exerted significantly higher effects on GSC viability, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and the expression of Bax, a pro-apoptotic marker, compared with CM. In addition, the migration of GSCs was significantly impaired following the administration of CM-NP compared with CM. Furthermore, CM-NP significantly increased the values of reactive oxygen species and decreased the mRNA expressions of NF-κB and IL-6 of GSCs compared with CM. Our data also revealed that CM-NP could significantly reduce the invasiveness of GSCs compared with CM, possibly via MCP-1-mediated pathways. In addition, CM-NP exhibited a significantly greater inhibitory effect on colony formation of GSCs compared with CM. These data indicate that CM-NP exhibited stronger anti-tumor effects on GSCs than CM. Although further in vivo investigations are warranted, our results suggest that CM-NP could be an ideal carrier to deliver curcumin for potential therapeutic approaches into glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Sahab-Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ariakia
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Samini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghadir Rajabzadeh
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Gorji
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Reddy RG, Bhat UA, Chakravarty S, Kumar A. Advances in histone deacetylase inhibitors in targeting glioblastoma stem cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:165-179. [PMID: 32638092 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal grade IV glioma (WHO classification) and widely prevalent primary brain tumor in adults. GBM tumors harbor cellular heterogeneity with the presence of a small subpopulation of tumor cells, described as GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) that pose resistance to standard anticancer regimens and eventually mediate aggressive relapse or intractable progressive GBM. Existing conventional anticancer therapies for GBM do not target GBM stem cells and are mostly palliative; therefore, exploration of new strategies to target stem cells of GBM has to be prioritized for the development of effective GBM therapy. Recent developments in the understanding of GBM pathophysiology demonstrated dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms along with the genetic changes in GBM CSCs. Altered expression/activity of key epigenetic regulators, especially histone deacetylases (HDACs) in GBM stem cells has been associated with poor prognosis; inhibiting the activity of HDACs using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) has been promising as mono-therapeutic in targeting GBM and in sensitizing GBM stem cells to an existing anticancer regimen. Here, we review the development of pan/selective HDACi as potential anticancer agents in targeting the stem cells of glioblastoma as a mono or combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gajendra Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Unis Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Piña-Medina AG, Díaz NF, Molina-Hernández A, Mancilla-Herrera I, Camacho-Arroyo I. Effects of progesterone on the cell number of gliomaspheres derived from human glioblastoma cell lines. Life Sci 2020; 249:117536. [PMID: 32165211 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The malignancy of the Glioblastomas (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors, have been associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) which can form gliomaspheres (GS) in vitro. Progesterone (P) increases the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cell lines through the interaction with its intracellular receptor (PR). However, it is unknown if the PR is expressed and the possible effects of P in the formation/differentiation of GS. MAIN METHODS GS were grown from U251 and U87 cell lines by selective culture with serum-free neural stem cell medium. GSCs were identified by the detection of Sox2, Ki67, Nestin, CD133, and CD15 by immunofluorescence. Additionally, the relative expression of PROM1, NES, SOX2, OLIG2, EZH2, BMI1 and PR genes was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The GS were treated with P, and the number of cells was quantified. By RT-PCR the βIII-TUB and GFAP differentiation genes were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS GS were maintained until passage four. The expression of all GSCs markers was significantly higher in GS as compared with the basal culture of U251 and U87 cells. We demonstrated for the first time that PR is expressed in GS and this expression was higher as compared with the U251 and U87 cells in basal conditions. Also, we observed that P increased the number of cells derived primary gliomaspheres (GS1) from the U251 line, as well as the expression of the neuronal differentiation marker βIII-TUB. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest the participation of P in the growth of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Piña-Medina
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Néstor F Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", 11000 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", 11000 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", 11000 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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20
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Chen J, Chen T, Zhu Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xie X, Wang J, Huang M, Sun X, Ke Y. circPTN sponges miR-145-5p/miR-330-5p to promote proliferation and stemness in glioma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:398. [PMID: 31511040 PMCID: PMC6737709 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Growing evidences indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of biological behavior of tumor. We aim to explore the role of circRNA in glioma and elucidate how circRNA acts. Methods Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of circPTN in glioma tissues and normal brain tissues (NBT). Assays of dual- luciferase reporter system, biotin label RNA pull-down and FISH were used to determine that circPTN could sponge miR-145-5p and miR-330-5p. Tumor sphere formation assay was performed to determine self- renewal of glioma stem cell (GSCs). Cell counting Kit-8 (CCK8), EdU assay and flow cytometry were used to investigate proliferation and cell cycle. Intracranial xenograft was established to determine how circPTN impacts in vivo. Tumor sphere formation assay was performed to determine self- renewal of glioma stem cell (GSCs). Results We demonstrated circPTN was significantly higher expression in glioma tissues and glioma cell lines, compared with NBT and HEB (human astrocyte). In gain- and loss-of-function experiments, circPTN significantly promoted glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we performed dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull-down assays to verify that circPTN acts through sponging miR-145-5p and miR-330-5p. Increasing expression of circPTN rescued the inhibition of proliferation and downregulation of SOX9/ITGA5 in glioma cells by miR-145-5p/miR-330-5p. In addition, we found that circPTN promoted self-renewal and increased the expression of stemness markers (Nestin, CD133, SOX9, and SOX2) via sponging miR-145-5p. Moreover, this regulation was disappeared when circPTN binding sites in miR-145-5p were mutated. Conclusions Our results suggest that circPTN is an oncogenic factor that acts by sponging miR-145-5p/miR-330-5p in glioma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1376-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou Shi, China
| | - Taoliang Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yubo Zhu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomi Xie
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Huang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinlin Sun
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Zarco N, Norton E, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Overlapping migratory mechanisms between neural progenitor cells and brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3553-3570. [PMID: 31101934 PMCID: PMC6698208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche of the mammalian brain, are able to self-renew as well as generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs are highly migratory and traverse the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they terminally differentiate into mature interneurons. NPCs from the SVZ are some of the few cells in the CNS that migrate long distances during adulthood. The migratory process of NPCs is highly regulated by intracellular pathway activation and signaling from the surrounding microenvironment. It involves modulation of cell volume, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and isolation from compact extracellular matrix. In malignant brain tumors including high-grade gliomas, there are cells called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with similar stem cell characteristics to NPCs but with uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to tumor initiation capacity, tumor progression, invasion, and tumor maintenance. These BTSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their presence is believed to lead to tumor recurrence at distal sites from the original tumor location, principally due to their high migratory capacity. BTSCs are able to invade the brain parenchyma by utilizing many of the migratory mechanisms used by NPCs. However, they have an increased ability to infiltrate the tight brain parenchyma and utilize brain structures such as myelin tracts and blood vessels as migratory paths. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of cellular migration that overlap between NPCs and BTSCs. A better understanding of the intersection between NPCs and BTSCs will to provide a better comprehension of the BTSCs' invasive capacity and the molecular mechanisms that govern their migration and eventually lead to the development of new therapies to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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22
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Yousefnia S, Ghaedi K, Seyed Forootan F, Nasr Esfahani MH. Characterization of the stemness potency of mammospheres isolated from the breast cancer cell lines. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319869101. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428319869101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness phenotype mammospheres established from cell lines and tissues taken from autopsy can be used to test and to identify the most sensitive drugs for chemotherapy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was isolation and characterization of cancer stem cells derived from MCF7, MDA-MB231, and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines to demonstrate the stemness phenotypes of mammospheres generated for further their applications in therapeutic approaches. In this study, two luminal subtypes of cell lines, MCF7 and SKBR3 and a basal subtype cell line, MDA-MB-231, were chosen. Mammosphere culturing was implemented for breast cancer stem cells isolation and mammosphere formation efficiency. At the next step, CD44+/CD24– cell ratio, Oct4 and Nanog mRNA levels, proliferation rate, migration rate of mammospheres, and drug resistance (in third passage) were evaluated. In addition, tumorigenicity of mammospheres in the chick embryo model was evaluated and compared through the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Among mammospheres formed in all three cell lines, MCF7 had the highest mammosphere formation efficiency. CD24 marker (a differentiation marker for the breast cancer cells) was significantly reduced in the mammospheres generated from MCF7 and SKBR3, during three passages. Also, Oct4 and Nanog transcript levels were significantly higher in all three types of mammospheres, as compared with their cell lines. Proliferation, migration rate, and drug resistance of mammospheres generated from all three cell lines were found to be significantly higher. Tumorigenicity of MCF7 mammospheres was confirmed through tumor size measurement. Also, tumorigenicity of MCF7 and SKBR3 mammospheres was confirmed through more migration from ectoderm to mesoderm and endoderm. We succeeded to establish the technology that can be extended to tissue in the future. We have demonstrated a number of mammospheres can be generated from cell lines. Also, cells with different molecular features showed different stemness phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Yousefnia
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Isfahan, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Ryskalin L, Gaglione A, Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Familiari P, Frati A, Esposito V, Fornai F. The Autophagy Status of Cancer Stem Cells in Gliobastoma Multiforme: From Cancer Promotion to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153824. [PMID: 31387280 PMCID: PMC6695733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor featuring rapid cell proliferation, treatment resistance, and tumor relapse. This is largely due to the coexistence of heterogeneous tumor cell populations with different grades of differentiation, and in particular, to a small subset of tumor cells displaying stem cell-like properties. This is the case of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which possess a powerful self-renewal capacity, low differentiation, along with radio- and chemo-resistance. Molecular pathways that contribute to GBM stemness of GSCs include mTOR, Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-catenin. Remarkably, among the common biochemical effects that arise from alterations in these pathways, autophagy suppression may be key in promoting GSCs self-renewal, proliferation, and pluripotency maintenance. In fact, besides being a well-known downstream event of mTOR hyper-activation, autophagy downregulation is also bound to the effects of aberrantly activated Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in GBM. As a major orchestrator of protein degradation and turnover, autophagy modulates proliferation and differentiation of normal neuronal stem cells (NSCs) as well as NSCs niche maintenance, while its failure may contribute to GSCs expansion and maintenance. Thus, in the present review we discuss the role of autophagy in GSCs metabolism and phenotype in relationship with dysregulations of a variety of NSCs controlling pathways, which may provide novel insights into GBM neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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Sharifzad F, Ghavami S, Verdi J, Mardpour S, Mollapour Sisakht M, Azizi Z, Taghikhani A, Łos MJ, Fakharian E, Ebrahimi M, Hamidieh AA. Glioblastoma cancer stem cell biology: Potential theranostic targets. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 42:35-45. [PMID: 30877905 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most incurable cancers. GBMs survival rate has not markedly improved, despite new radical surgery protocols, the introduction of new anticancer drugs, new treatment protocols, and advances in radiation techniques. The low efficacy of therapy, and short interval between remission and recurrence, could be attributed to the resistance of a small fraction of tumorigenic cells to treatment. The existence and importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is perceived by some as controversial. Experimental evidences suggest that the presence of therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) could explain tumor recurrence and metastasis. Some scientists, including most of the authors of this review, believe that GSCs are the driving force behind GBM relapses, whereas others however, question the existence of GSCs. Evidence has accumulated indicating that non-tumorigenic cancer cells with high heterogeneity, could undergo reprogramming and become GSCs. Hence, targeting GSCs as the "root cells" initiating malignancy has been proposed to eradicate this devastating disease. Most standard treatments fail to completely eradicate GSCs, which can then cause the recurrence of the disease. To effectively target GSCs, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of GSCs as well as the mechanisms by which these cells survive during treatment and develop into new tumor, is urgently needed. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular features of GSCs, and elaborate how to facilitate their detection and efficient targeting for therapeutic interventions. We also discuss GBM classifications based on the molecular stem cell subtypes with a focus on potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soura Mardpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Azizi
- Heart Rhythm Program, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Toronto ON Canada
| | - Adeleh Taghikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Poland
| | - Esmail Fakharian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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A New Patient-Derived Metastatic Glioblastoma Cell Line: Characterisation and Response to Sodium Selenite Anticancer Agent. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010012. [PMID: 30583471 PMCID: PMC6356827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumors are very heterogeneous, organized in a hierarchical pattern, including cancer stem cells (CSC), and are responsible for development, maintenance, and cancer relapse. Therefore, it is relevant to establish new GBM cell lines with CSC characteristics to develop new treatments. A new human GBM cell line, named R2J, was established from the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) of a patient affected by GBM with leptomeningeal metastasis. R2J cells exhibits an abnormal karyotype and form self-renewable spheres in a serum-free medium. Original tumor, R2J, cultured in monolayer (2D) and in spheres showed a persistence expression of CD44, CD56 (except in monolayer), EGFR, Ki67, Nestin, and vimentin. The R2J cell line is tumorigenic and possesses CSC properties. We tested in vitro the anticancer effects of sodium selenite (SS) compared to temozolomide TMZ. SS was absorbed by R2J cells, was cytotoxic, induced an oxidative stress, and arrested cell growth in G2M before inducing both necrosis and apoptosis via caspase-3. SS also modified dimethyl-histone-3-lysine-9 (H3K9m2) levels and decreased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, suggesting anti-invasiveness potential. This study highlights the value of this new GBM cell line for preclinical modeling of clinically relevant, patient specific GBM and opens a therapeutic window to test SS to target resistant and recurrent GBM.
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26
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Liu HW, Su YK, Bamodu OA, Hueng DY, Lee WH, Huang CC, Deng L, Hsiao M, Chien MH, Yeh CT, Lin CM. The Disruption of the β-Catenin/TCF-1/STAT3 Signaling Axis by 4-Acetylantroquinonol B Inhibits the Tumorigenesis and Cancer Stem-Cell-Like Properties of Glioblastoma Cells, In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E491. [PMID: 30563094 PMCID: PMC6315804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant form of glioma, is characterized by resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that the initiation, propagation, and recurrence of GBM is attributable to the presence of GBM stem cells (GBM-CSCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Herein, we investigated the effect of 4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB), a bioactive isolate of Antrodia cinnamomea, on GBM cell viability, oncogenic, and CSCs-like activities. RESULTS We observed that aberrant expression of catenin is characteristic of GBM, compared to other glioma types (p = 0.0001, log-rank test = 475.2), and correlates with poor prognosis of GBM patients. Lower grade glioma and glioblastoma patients (n = 1152) with low catenin expression had 25% and 21.5% better overall survival than those with high catenin expression at the 5 and 10-year time-points, respectively (p = 3.57e-11, log-rank test = 43.8). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that compared with adjacent non-tumor brain tissue, primary and recurrent GBM exhibited enhanced catenin expression (~10-fold, p < 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that 4-AAQB significantly downregulated β-catenin and dysregulated the catenin/LEF1/Stat3 signaling axis in U87MG and DBTRG-05MG cells, dose-dependently. 4-AAQB⁻induced downregulation of catenin positively correlated with reduced Sox2 and Oct4 nuclear expression in the cells. Furthermore, 4-AAQB markedly reduced the viability of U87MG and DBTRG-05MG cells with 48 h IC50 of 9.2 M and 12.5 M, respectively, effectively inhibited the nuclear catenin, limited the migration and invasion of GBM cells, with concurrent downregulation of catenin, vimentin, and slug; similarly, colony and tumorsphere formation was significantly attenuated with reduced expression of c-Myc and KLF4 proteins. CONCLUSIONS Summarily, we show for the first time that 4-AAQB suppresses the tumor-promoting catenin/LEF1/Stat3 signaling, and inhibited CSCs-induced oncogenic activities in GBM in vitro, with in vivo validation; thus projecting 4-AAQB as a potent therapeutic agent for anti-GBM target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chih Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41147, Taiwan.
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, China.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Jhaveri A, Luther E, Torchilin V. The effect of transferrin-targeted, resveratrol-loaded liposomes on neurosphere cultures of glioblastoma: implications for targeting tumour-initiating cells. J Drug Target 2018; 27:601-613. [PMID: 30475084 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1550647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are known to harbour subsets of cells known as tumour-initiating cells (TICs), which are responsible for the maintenance, invasiveness and recurrence of GBMs. Conventional chemotherapeutics act on rapidly dividing cells, sparing the TICs and result in tumour relapse. Resveratrol (RES) has shown chemopreventive effects in all the major stages of cancer including initiation, promotion and progression, but poor physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties limit its use as a free drug. Hence we developed a liposomal formulation of RES (RES-L) to eradicate both the bulk tumour cells and TICs in GBMs. Since both these subpopulations of cells are known to over-express transferrin receptors, we developed transferrin-targeted RES-L (Tf-RES-L) to enhance tumour-specific delivery. We studied the effects of RES on neurospheres (NS) used as an in vitro model to study TICs derived from GBM cell lines. Free RES and RES formulations inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of GBM neurospheres. The NS-derived cells expressed TfRs and the Tf-targeted liposomes showed a significantly higher association with NS versus the non-targeted liposomes. Finally an increased activation of caspases 3/7 was seen when NS were treated with RES formulations. Together, these studies advocate for further investigations with RES-L and the use Tf to target the TIC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jhaveri
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Ed Luther
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
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Pišlar A, Jewett A, Kos J. Cysteine cathepsins: Their biological and molecular significance in cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:168-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Kim TJ, Kwon HS, Kang M, Leem HH, Lee KH, Kim DY. The Antitumor Natural Compound Falcarindiol Disrupts Neural Stem Cell Homeostasis by Suppressing Notch Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113432. [PMID: 30388862 PMCID: PMC6274977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated, multi-potent cells that can give rise to functional neurons and glial cells. The disruption in NSC homeostasis and/or the impaired neurogenesis lead to diverse neurological diseases, including depression, dementia, and neurodegenerative disorders. Falcarindiol (FAD) is a polyacetylene found in many plants, and FAD shows the cytotoxicity against breast cancers and colon cancers. However, there is no research on the consequence of FAD treatment in normal stem cells. Here, we suggest that FAD has anticancer roles against glioblastoma cells by inducing the differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells, as well as activating apoptosis pathway in glioblastoma cells. On the other hand, we also show that FAD has detrimental effects by disrupting the maintenance of normal NSCs and altering the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Sook Kwon
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38540, Korea.
| | - Mingyu Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea.
| | - Hyun Hee Leem
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38540, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ha Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea.
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea.
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30
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Combined Modulation of Tumor Metabolism by Metformin and Diclofenac in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092586. [PMID: 30200299 PMCID: PMC6163514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains a fatal diagnosis. Previous research has shown that metformin, which is an inhibitor of complex I of the respiratory chain, may inhibit some brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), albeit at dosages that are too high for clinical use. Here, we explored whether a combined treatment of metformin and diclofenac, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) shown to inhibit glycolysis by interfering with lactate efflux, may lead to additive or even synergistic effects on BTICs (BTIC-8, -11, -13 and -18) and tumor cell lines (TCs, U87, and HTZ349). Therefore, we investigated the functional effects, including proliferation and migration, metabolic effects including oxygen consumption and extracellular lactate levels, and effects on the protein level, including signaling pathways. Functional investigation revealed synergistic anti-migratory and anti-proliferative effects of the combined treatment with metformin and diclofenac on BTICs and TCs. Signaling pathways did not sufficiently explain synergistic effects. However, we observed that metformin inhibited cellular oxygen consumption and increased extracellular lactate levels, indicating glycolytic rescue mechanisms. Combined treatment inhibited metformin-induced lactate increase. The combination of metformin and diclofenac may represent a promising new strategy in the treatment of glioblastoma. Combined treatment may reduce the effective doses of the single agents and prevent metabolic rescue mechanisms. Further studies are needed in order to determine possible side effects in humans.
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31
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Mei X, Chen YS, Chen FR, Xi SY, Chen ZP. Glioblastoma stem cell differentiation into endothelial cells evidenced through live-cell imaging. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1109-1118. [PMID: 28340100 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma cell-initiated vascularization is an alternative angiogenesis called vasculogenic mimicry. However, current knowledge on the mechanism of de novo vessel formation from glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) is limited. Methods Sixty-four glioblastoma samples from patients and 10 fluorescent glioma xenograft samples were examined by immunofluorescence staining for endothelial marker (CD34 and CD31) and glial cell marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) expression. GSCs were then isolated from human glioblastoma tissue and CD133+/Sox2+ red fluorescent protein-containing (RFP)-GSC-1 cells were established. The ability of these cells to form vascular structures was examined by live-cell imaging of 3D cultures. Results CD34-GFAP or CD31-GFAP coexpressing glioblastoma-derived endothelial cells (GDEC) were found in 30 of 64 (46.9%) of clinical glioblastoma samples. In those 30 samples, GDEC were found to form vessel structures in 21 (70%) samples. Among 21 samples with GDEC vessels, the CD34+ GDEC vessels and CD31+ GDEC vessels accounted for about 14.16% and 18.08% of total vessels, respectively. In the xenograft samples, CD34+ GDEC were found in 7 out of 10 mice, and 4 out of 7 mice had CD34+ GDEC vessels. CD31+ GDEC were also found in 7 mice, and 4 mice had CD31+ GDEC vessels (10 mice in total). Through live-cell imaging, we observed gradual CD34 expression when cultured with vascular endothelial growth factor in some glioma cells, and a dynamic increase in endothelial marker expression in RFP-GSC-1 in vitro was recorded. Cells expressed CD34 (9.46%) after 6 hours in culture. Conclusions The results demonstrated that GSCs may differentiate into endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yan Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Wuebben EL, Rizzino A. The dark side of SOX2: cancer - a comprehensive overview. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44917-44943. [PMID: 28388544 PMCID: PMC5546531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotency-associated transcription factor SOX2 is essential during mammalian embryogenesis and later in life, but SOX2 expression can also be highly detrimental. Over the past 10 years, SOX2 has been shown to be expressed in at least 25 different cancers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of SOX2 in cancer and focuses on two broad topics. The first delves into the expression and function of SOX2 in cancer focusing on the connection between SOX2 levels and tumor grade as well as patient survival. As part of this discussion, we address the developing connection between SOX2 expression and tumor drug resistance. We also call attention to an under-appreciated property of SOX2, its levels in actively proliferating tumor cells appear to be optimized to maximize tumor growth - too little or too much SOX2 dramatically alters tumor growth. The second topic of this review focuses on the exquisite array of molecular mechanisms that control the expression and transcriptional activity of SOX2. In addition to its complex regulation at the transcriptional level, SOX2 expression and activity are controlled carefully by microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and post-translational modifications. In the Conclusion and Future Perspectives section, we point out that there are still important unanswered questions. Addressing these questions is expected to lead to new insights into the functions of SOX2 in cancer, which will help design novels strategies for more effectively treating some of the most deadly cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Wuebben
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Angie Rizzino
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Actin cytoskeleton regulator Arp2/3 complex is required for DLL1 activating Notch1 signaling to maintain the stem cell phenotype of glioma initiating cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33353-33364. [PMID: 28380416 PMCID: PMC5464873 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary intracranial tumor. Actin cytoskeleton regulator Arp2/3 complex stimulates glioma cell motility and migration, and thus triggers tumor invasion. However, little is known regarding the role of actin cytoskeleton in maintaining the stem cell phenotype. Here, we showed that Arp2/3 complex improved stem cell phenotype maintenance through sustaining the activated Notch signaling. ShRNA targeting Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (DLL1) decreased CD133 and Nestin expression, and impaired the self-renewal ability of CD133+ U87-MG and U251-MG glioma cells, indicating DLL1/Notch1 signaling promoted stem cell phenotype maintenance. Interestingly, inhibiting Arp2/3 complex also induced the similar effect of shDLL1. Silencing DLL1 in the Arp2/3 inhibited CD133+ cells did not further abrogate the stem cell phenotype, suggesting DLL1 function requires Arp2/3 complex in glioma initiating cells (GICs). However, exogenous soluble DLL1 (sDLL1) instead of endogenous DLL1 rescued the Arp2/3 inhibition-induced stem cell phenotype suppression. The underlying mechanism was that Arp2/3 inhibition impeded DLL1 vesicular transport from cytoplasm to cell membrane, which resulted in DLL1 unable to activate Notch pathway. Furthermore, we illustrated that Arp2/3 inhibition abolished the tumorigenicity of CD133+ U87-MG neurosphere cells in the intracranial model. These findings suggested that cytoskeleton maintained the stem cell phenotype in GBM, which provide novel therapeutic strategy that anti-invasive targeted therapies may help eliminate GICs.
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Liu J, Liu Y, Xie T, Luo L, Xu C, Gao Q, Shen L, Wan F, Lei T, Ye F. Radiation-induced G2/M arrest rarely occurred in glioblastoma stem-like cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:394-402. [PMID: 29463172 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to systematically study the cell-cycle alterations of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) after irradiation, possibly enriching the mechanisms of radioresistance of GSLCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS GSLCs were enriched and identified, and then the radioresistance of GSLCs was validated by analyzing cell survival, cell proliferation, and radiation-induced apoptosis. The discrepancy of the cell-cycle distribution and expression of cell-cycle-related proteins between GSLCs and glioblastoma differentiated cells (GDCs) after irradiation was completely analyzed. RESULTS The survival fractions and the cell viabilities of GSLCs were significantly higher than those of GDCs after irradiation. Radiation-induced apoptosis was less prominent in GSLCs than in GDCs. After irradiation with high-dose X-rays, the percentages of GDCs in G2/M phase was evidently increased. However, radiation-induced G2/M arrest occurred less frequently in GSLCs, but S-phase arrest occurred in GSLCs after irradiation with 8 Gy. Further mechanistic studies showed that the expressions levels of Cdc25c, Cdc2, and CyclinB1 in GSLCs were not apparently changed after irradiation, while those of p-ATM and p-Chk1 were sharply increased after irradiation in GSLCs. The basal level of Cdc25c expression in GSLCs was much higher than that in GDCs. CONCLUSIONS We explored the cell-cycle alterations and cell-cycle-related proteins expression levels in GSLCs after irradiation, providing a novel mechanism of radioresistance of GSLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Tao Xie
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Longjun Luo
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Cheng Xu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- b Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education) , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Lu Shen
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Feng Wan
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Ting Lei
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Fei Ye
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
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Identification of microRNAs differentially expressed in glioblastoma stem-like cells and their association with patient survival. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2836. [PMID: 29434344 PMCID: PMC5809429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are critical for the aggressiveness and progression of glioblastoma (GBM) and contribute to its resistance to adjuvant treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs controlling gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, which are known to be important regulators of the stem-like features. Moreover, miRNAs have been previously proved to be promising diagnostic biomarkers in several cancers including GBM. Using global expression analysis of miRNAs in 10 paired in-vitro as well as in-vivo characterized primary GSC and non-stem glioblastoma cultures, we identified a miRNA signature associated with the stem-like phenotype in GBM. 51 most deregulated miRNAs classified the cell cultures into GSC and non-stem cell clusters and identified a subgroup of GSC cultures with more pronounced stem-cell characteristics. The importance of the identified miRNA signature was further supported by demonstrating that a Risk Score based on the expression of seven miRNAs overexpressed in GSC predicted overall survival in GBM patients in the TCGA dataset independently of the IDH1 status. In summary, we identified miRNAs differentially expressed in GSCs and described their association with GBM patient survival. We propose that these miRNAs participate on GSC features and could represent helpful prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Qiu L, Li H, Fu S, Chen X, Lu L. Surface markers of liver cancer stem cells and innovative targeted-therapy strategies for HCC. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2039-2048. [PMID: 29434903 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) have important roles in the occurrence, development, recurrence, therapy resistance and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, intensive studies are undergoing to identify the mechanisms by which LCSCs contribute to HCC invasion and metastasis, and to design more efficient treatments for this disease. With continuous efforts in LCSC research over the years, therapies targeting LCSCs are thought to have great potential for the clinical treatment and prognosis of liver cancer. Novel LCSC surface markers are continuously discovered and several have been used in targeted therapies to reduce HCC recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance following tumor resection. The present review describes the surface markers characterizing LCSCs and the recent progress in therapies targeting these markers, including antibodies and polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Qiu
- Department of Intervention, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of Intervention, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Sirui Fu
- Department of Intervention, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Intervention, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Department of Intervention, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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Gao L, Chen B, Li J, Yang F, Cen X, Liao Z, Long X. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibits the proliferation and apoptosis of U87 glioma cells via different mechanisms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181346. [PMID: 28837560 PMCID: PMC5570310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is necessary for the development of the central nervous system and is associated with tumorigenesis in various cancers. However, the mechanism of the Wnt signaling pathway in glioma cells has yet to be elucidated. Small-molecule Wnt modulators such as ICG-001 and AZD2858 were used to inhibit and stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Techniques including cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, Matrigel cell invasion assay, cell cycle assay and Genechip microarray were used. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis have enriched many biological processes and signaling pathways. Both the inhibiting and stimulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways could influence the cell cycle, moreover, reduce the proliferation and survival of U87 glioma cells. However, Affymetrix expression microarray indicated that biological processes and networks of signaling pathways between stimulating and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway largely differ. We propose that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might prove to be a valuable therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Gao
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hosptial of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (BC)
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (BC)
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuecheng Cen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhuangbing Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao’ao Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Piacentini R, Puma DDL, Mainardi M, Lazzarino G, Tavazzi B, Arancio O, Grassi C. Reduced gliotransmitter release from astrocytes mediates tau-induced synaptic dysfunction in cultured hippocampal neurons. Glia 2017; 65:1302-1316. [PMID: 28519902 PMCID: PMC5520670 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein exerting several physiological functions in neurons. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) misfolded tau accumulates intraneuronally and leads to axonal degeneration. However, tau has also been found in the extracellular medium. Recent studies indicated that extracellular tau uploaded from neurons causes synaptic dysfunction and contributes to tau pathology propagation. Here we report novel evidence that extracellular tau oligomers are abundantly and rapidly accumulated in astrocytes where they disrupt intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ -dependent release of gliotransmitters, especially ATP. Consequently, synaptic vesicle release, the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins, and mEPSC frequency and amplitude were reduced in neighboring neurons. Notably, we found that tau uploading from astrocytes required the amyloid precursor protein, APP. Collectively, our findings suggests that astrocytes play a critical role in the synaptotoxic effects of tau via reduced gliotransmitter availability, and that astrocytes are major determinants of tau pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Donatella Li Puma
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, 630 W 168th St., NY 10032 USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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HDAC4 and HDAC6 sustain DNA double strand break repair and stem-like phenotype by promoting radioresistance in glioblastoma cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 397:1-11. [PMID: 28342984 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 4 and 6 in glioblastoma (GBM) radioresistance was investigated. We found that tumor samples from 31 GBM patients, who underwent temozolomide and radiotherapy combined treatment, showed HDAC4 and HDAC6 expression in 93.5% and 96.7% of cases, respectively. Retrospective clinical data analysis demonstrated that high-intensity HDAC4 and/or HDAC6 immunostaining was predictive of poor clinical outcome. In vitro experiments revealed that short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of HDAC4 or HDAC6 radiosensitized U87MG and U251MG GBM cell lines by promoting DNA double-strand break (DSBs) accumulation and by affecting DSBs repair molecular machinery. We found that HDAC6 knock-down predisposes to radiation therapy-induced U251MG apoptosis- and U87MG autophagy-mediated cell death. HDAC4 silencing promoted radiation therapy-induced senescence, independently by the cellular context. Finally, we showed that p53WT expression contributed to the radiotherapy lethal effects and that HDAC4 or HDAC6 sustained GBM stem-like radioresistant phenotype. Altogether, these observations suggest that HDAC4 and HDAC6 are guardians of irradiation-induced DNA damages and stemness, thus promoting radioresistance, and may represent potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in GBM.
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40
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Development of a novel imaging agent using peptide-coated gold nanoparticles toward brain glioma stem cell marker CD133. Acta Biomater 2017; 47:182-192. [PMID: 27721007 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD133 is known as biomarker for glioblastoma (GBM) and also serves as a marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs), which carry out tumorigenesis and resist conventional therapeutics. The presence of CD133-presenting CSC is a one of the factors in maintenance of the tumorigenic potential of GBM. Thus, CD133 is a potential target for accurate diagnosis of GBM, which could improve its poor prognosis for patients when CSCs are present. Herein we designed a small peptide-based imaging agent with stimulus-responsive properties. A novel small peptide, CBP4, was screened by a phage display technique, and demonstrated binding to the target CD133 (ECD) comparable to that of an antibody. As a quencher, we used gold nanoparticles (GNPs); the targeting peptide was conjugated to GNPs with high efficiency. By means of a quenching effect, the peptide-coated GNP showed 'signal on-off' properties depending upon the presence of the target. In addition, the particles exhibited biocompatibility when localized in the cytosol. Thus, this study demonstrated that the peptide-coated GNPs can be utilized as an imaging agent for accurate diagnosis of GBM, and further as a drug carrier for therapeutic approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The diagnosis and determination of prognosis made by cancer stem cell markers could be a key strategy to eradicate cancer stem cells and cure the cancer. The significance of this study is the characterization of quenching-based signal on-off mechanism and showed that the active targeting via peptide can contribute to the design of a stimulus-responsive cellular imaging agent. Moreover, small peptide based nano complexation showed specific recognition of the target stem cell and internalized on cellular cyotosol with stimulus responsive fluorescence. With its novel biocompatibility, the strategy might be a promising tool for drug carrier systems able to measure and visualize the delivered efficiency at intracellular sites.
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Hsu CC, Chang WC, Hsu TI, Liu JJ, Yeh SH, Wang JY, Liou JP, Ko CY, Chang KY, Chuang JY. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid represses glioma stem-like cells. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:81. [PMID: 27863490 PMCID: PMC5116136 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) are proposed to be responsible for high resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. In order to find new strategies aimed at reducing GSC stemness and improving GBM patient survival, we investigated the effects and mechanism of a histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), since HDAC activity has been linked to cancer stem-like cell (CSC) abundance and properties. Methods Human GBM cell lines were plated in serum-free suspension cultures allowed for sphere forming and CSC enrichment. Subsequently, upon SAHA treatment, the stemness markers, cell proliferation, and viability of GSCs as well as cellular apoptosis and senescence were examined in order to clarify whether inhibition of GSCs occurs. Results We demonstrated that SAHA attenuated cell proliferation and diminished the expression stemness-related markers (CD133 and Bmi1) in GSCs. Furthermore, at high concentrations (more than 5 μM), SAHA triggered apoptosis of GSCs accompanied by increases in both activation of caspase 8- and caspase 9-mediated pathways. Interestingly, we found that a lower dose of SAHA (1 μM and 2.5 μM) inhibited GSCs via cell cycle arrest and induced premature senescence through p53 up-regulation and p38 activation. Conclusion SAHA induces apoptosis and functions as a potent modulator of senescence via the p38-p53 pathway in GSCs. Our results provide a perspective on targeting GSCs via SAHA treatment, and suggest that SAHA could be used as a potent agent to overcome drug resistance in GBM patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-016-0296-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chia Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Jiun Liu
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yuan Ko
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Jiang YX, Yang SW, Li PA, Luo X, Li ZY, Hao YX, Yu PW. The promotion of the transformation of quiescent gastric cancer stem cells by IL-17 and the underlying mechanisms. Oncogene 2016; 36:1256-1264. [PMID: 27524415 PMCID: PMC5340802 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative recurrence and metastasis have crucial roles in the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Previous studies have indicated that gastric cancer originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs), and some investigators have found that a particular subset of CSCs possesses higher metastatic capacity. However, the specific mechanism remains uncertain. In the present study, we aimed to explore the biological functions of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) in gastric cancer metastasis and the distinct IL-17-induced transformation of quiescent gastric CSCs. Our results showed that invasive gastric CSCs were CD26+ and CXCR4+ and were closely associated with increased metastatic ability. The quiescent gastric CSCs, which were CD26- and CXCR4-, were exposed to appropriate concentrations of IL-17; this resulted in the decreased expression of E-cadherin and the increased expression of vimentin and N-cadherin. In addition, the upregulation of IL-17 both in vitro and in vivo resulted in a significant induction of invasion, migration and tumor formation ability in gastric CSCs compared with the control group, which was not treated with IL-17. Further experiments indicated that the activation of the downstream phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor pathway was facilitated by IL-17. On the contrary, the downregulation of STAT3 by the specific inhibitor Stattic significantly reversed the IL-17-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated properties of quiescent gastric CSCs. Moreover, tumorigenesis and metastasis were suppressed. Taken together, we suggest that IL-17 is positively correlated with the transformation of quiescent gastric CSCs into invasive gastric CSCs and that targeting IL-17 may emerge as a possible novel therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-X Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S-W Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P-A Li
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z-Y Li
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-X Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P-W Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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43
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Zhao W, Luo Y, Li B, Zhang T. Tumorigenic lung tumorospheres exhibit stem-like features with significantly increased expression of CD133 and ABCG2. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2598-606. [PMID: 27432082 PMCID: PMC4991750 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human tumors, and the successful certification of CSCs may lead to the identification of therapeutic targets, which are more effective for the treatment of cancer. The use of spherical cancer models has increased in popularity in cancer stem cell investigations. Tumorospheres, which are used as a model of CSCs and are established in serum‑free medium supplemented with growth factors under non‑adherent conditions, are one of the most commonly used cancer spherical models and are a valuable method for enriching the CSC fraction. To investigate whether this model is applicable in lung cancer (LC), the identification of lung CSCs and their capacities is essential. In the present study, lung CSCs were enriched by sphere-forming culturing and their stem‑like properties were assessed. The results indicated that the lung tumorospheres had enhanced proliferation, clonality, invasion and cisplatin‑resistance, and showed significantly increased expression levels of CD133 and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). These results, together with findings previously reported in literature, indicated that the sphere‑forming culturing of LC cells induced the enrichment of CSCs and that the tumorospheres exhibited stem cell characteristics. In addition, the higher expression levels of CD133 and ABCG2 in the tumorospheres may provide a rationale for therapeutic targets for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Boyi Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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44
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CD44 high CD24 low molecular signature determines the Cancer Stem Cell and EMT phenotype in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:405-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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45
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Schneider M, Ströbele S, Nonnenmacher L, Siegelin MD, Tepper M, Stroh S, Hasslacher S, Enzenmüller S, Strauss G, Baumann B, Karpel-Massler G, Westhoff MA, Debatin KM, Halatsch ME. A paired comparison between glioblastoma “stem cells” and differentiated cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1709-18. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Stephanie Ströbele
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Lisa Nonnenmacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Markus D. Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY
| | - Melanie Tepper
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Sebastien Stroh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Sebastian Hasslacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Stefanie Enzenmüller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Gudrun Strauss
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
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46
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Khan IN, Al-Karim S, Bora RS, Chaudhary AG, Saini KS. Cancer stem cells: a challenging paradigm for designing targeted drug therapies. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1205-16. [PMID: 26143148 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite earlier controversies about their role and existence within tumors, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are now emerging as a plausible target for new drug discovery. Research and development (R&D) efforts are being directed against key gene(s) driving initiation, growth, and metastatic pathways in CSCs and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the niche signals that enable these pluripotent CSCs to evade radio- and chemotherapy, and to travel to secondary tissues remain enigmatic. Small-molecule drugs, biologics, miRNA, RNA interference (RNAi), and vaccines, among others, are under active investigation. Here, we examine the feasibility of leveraging current knowhow of the molecular biology of CSCs and their cellular milieu to design futuristic, targeted drugs with potentially lower toxicity that can override the multiple drug-resistance issues currently observed with existing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq N Khan
- Embryonic & Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Karim
- Embryonic & Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roop S Bora
- Embryonic & Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib 173 101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kulvinder S Saini
- Embryonic & Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib 173 101, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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47
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Neradil J, Veselska R. Nestin as a marker of cancer stem cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:803-11. [PMID: 25940879 PMCID: PMC4520630 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the pathology of malignant diseases has been extensively studied during the last decade. Nestin, a class VI intermediate filament protein, was originally detected in neural stem cells during development. Its expression has also been reported in different tissues under various pathological conditions. Specifically, nestin has been shown to be expressed in transformed cells of various human malignancies, and a correlation between its expression and the clinical course of some diseases has been proved. Furthermore, the coexpression of nestin with other stem cell markers was described as a CSC phenotype that was subsequently verified using tumorigenicity assays. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings regarding nestin expression in CSCs, its possible role in CSC phenotypes, particularly with respect to capacity for self-renewal, and its utility as a putative marker of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Li X, Gong X, Chen J, Zhang J, Sun J, Guo M. miR-340 inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by suppressing CDK6, cyclin-D1 and cyclin-D2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:670-7. [PMID: 25817794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma development is often associated with alteration in the activity and expression of cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CKDs) and cyclins, resulting in aberrant cell proliferation. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal roles of miRNAs in controlling the development and growth of glioblastoma. Here, we provide evidence for a function of miR-340 in the inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation. We found that miR-340 is downregulated in human glioblastoma tissue samples and several established glioblastoma cell lines. Proliferation and neurosphere formation assays revealed that miR-340 plays an oncosuppressive role in glioblastoma, and that its ectopic expression causes significant defect in glioblastoma cell growth. Further, using bioinformatics, luciferase assay and western blot, we found that miR-340 specifically targets the 3'UTRs of CDK6, cyclin-D1 and cyclin-D2, leading to the arrest of glioblastoma cells in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. Confirming these results, we found that re-introducing CDK6, cyclin-D1 or cyclin-D2 expression partially, but significantly, rescues cells from the suppression of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest mediated by miR-340. Collectively, our results demonstrate that miR-340 plays a tumor-suppressive role in glioblastoma and may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker and/or a therapeutic avenue for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, China
| | - Xuhai Gong
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163001 China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150026, China
| | - Jiahang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
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Irshad K, Mohapatra SK, Srivastava C, Garg H, Mishra S, Dikshit B, Sarkar C, Gupta D, Chandra PS, Chattopadhyay P, Sinha S, Chosdol K. A combined gene signature of hypoxia and notch pathway in human glioblastoma and its prognostic relevance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118201. [PMID: 25734817 PMCID: PMC4348203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). Its synergism with Notch signaling promotes progression in different cancers. However, Notch signaling exhibits pleiotropic roles and the existing literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of its perturbations under hypoxia in GBM with respect to all components of the pathway. We identified the key molecular cluster(s) characteristic of the Notch pathway response in hypoxic GBM tumors and gliomaspheres. Expression of Notch and hypoxia genes was evaluated in primary human GBM tissues by q-PCR. Clustering and statistical analyses were applied to identify the combination of hypoxia markers correlated with upregulated Notch pathway components. We found well-segregated tumor—clusters representing high and low HIF-1α/PGK1-expressors which accounted for differential expression of Notch signaling genes. In combination, a five-hypoxia marker set (HIF-1α/PGK1/VEGF/CA9/OPN) was determined as the best predictor for induction of Notch1/Dll1/Hes1/Hes6/Hey1/Hey2. Similar Notch-axis genes were activated in gliomaspheres, but not monolayer cultures, under moderate/severe hypoxia (2%/0.2% O2). Preliminary evidence suggested inverse correlation between patient survival and increased expression of constituents of the hypoxia-Notch gene signature. Together, our findings delineated the Notch-axis maximally associated with hypoxia in resected GBM, which might be prognostically relevant. Its upregulation in hypoxia-exposed gliomaspheres signify them as a better in-vitro model for studying hypoxia-Notch interactions than monolayer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Chitrangda Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhawana Dikshit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Subrata Sinha
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- * E-mail: (KC); (SS)
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (KC); (SS)
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50
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The involvement of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in eugenol-induced cell death in human glioblastoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:122-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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