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He Y, Zhao J, Dong H, Zhang X, Duan Y, Ma Y, Yu M, Fei J, Huang F. TLR2 deficiency is beneficial at the late phase in MPTP-induced Parkinson' disease mice. Life Sci 2023; 333:122171. [PMID: 37827233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The etiology of PD is still elusive but neuroinflammation is proved to be an important contributor. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) involves in the release of several inflammatory cytokines. Whether TLR2 serves as a mediator contributing to the damage of DA system in PD remain unclear. MAIN METHODS Tlr2 knockout (Tlr2-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with a subacute regimen of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). At 3, 7 and 14 days after MPTP injection, the behavioral performance, including the Pole test, the Rotarod test, the Rearing test and the Wire hang test was evaluated. Moreover, the PD-like phenotypes, including dopaminergic degeneration, the activation of glial cells and the α-Syn expression were systematically analyzed in the nigrostriatal pathway. Finally, the composition of gut microbiota in the MPTP-treated groups were assessed. KEY FINDINGS TLR2 deficiency had no obvious impact on the dopaminergic injury at 3 and 7 days following MPTP administration. On the contrary, at 14 days post injection, TLR2 deficiency not only significantly attenuated motor deficits in the Pole test and the Rotarod test, and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration, but also mitigated α-Syn abnormality, astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation through the suppressed TLR2/MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, the alteration of gut microbiota was also detected in the mutant mice. SIGNIFICANCE These findings highlight the neuroprotective effect of TLR2-pathways at the late phase in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, INC., Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Vahdatiraad L, Heidari B, Zarei S, Sohrabi T, Ghafouri H. Biological responses of stellate sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser stellatus) immersed in HSP inducer to salinity changes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106145. [PMID: 37595360 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Changes in salinity is a stressful and energy-consuming process in fish which give rise to mortalities, especially in fish fingerlings that are more sensitive during the early stages of their life. In the present study, the effects of three salinities, 3‰ (downstream of river), 8‰ (estuarine), and 13‰ (the maximum salinity in the Caspian Sea), on HSP70 gene expression, cortisol level, immune response (lysozyme, complement C3, IgM), and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, T-AOC) of the stellate sturgeon fingerlings in the presence of HSP inducer compound (TEX-OE®) were evaluated. Our results showed that levels of plasma cortisol and heat shock protein (HSP70) in Acipenser stellatus fingerlings increased due to salinity changes. In the presence of the HSP inducer, HSP70 expression in both gill and liver was significantly increased, whereas cortisol level was notably decreased. Exposure to salinity changes resulted in an increase in antioxidant defense activities (SOD, CAT, and T-AOC) and immune response (lysozyme, IgM, and C3) in the presence of an HSP inducer. In conclusion, an HSP-inducing compounds can have a positive effect in strengthening the immunity and antioxidant system of sturgeon fingerlings by increasing the expression of the HSP70 gene against salinity fluctuations and generally increase the body's physiological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Vahdatiraad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behrooz Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sevda Zarei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tooraj Sohrabi
- International Caspian Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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Abubakar JO, Temidayo DO, Ololade OAH, Abosede OO. Herbal supplements suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, boost humoral immunity, and modulate adipokines to enhance the productivity traits of rabbit bucks in hot climatic conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:227. [PMID: 37227575 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress is the main stressor accounting for reduced productivity, compromised immunity, and collapse of thermoregulatory measures in rabbits in the tropics. The current climate change depicts worsening assault of heat stress in the time ahead; hence, the need to develop combative measures for animal productivity. This research investigates the influence of herbal supplements of three tropical herbs Viscum album (mistletoe), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Phyllanthus amarus (Phyllanthus) on immune response, oxidative status, adipokines, and growth of eighty weaned rabbits during heat stress in tropical climate. The bucks were fed with four standard diets; a control and others supplemented with each of Moringa, Phyllanthus, and mistletoe for an eight-week feed trial. Performance indicators were monitored and blood were sampled and assayed for hematology, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and oxidative status. The result shows that the performance of bucks fed with Phyllanthus and mistletoe supplements was superior to other groups. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the bucks fed with Moringa supplement, with significantly (p < 0.05) highest values obtained in the control group. Total antioxidant activity of the bucks fed with supplements was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those on control, with the significantly (p < 0.05) highest value recorded in bucks fed with Phyllanthus. Serum lipid peroxidation of the bucks on control was significantly (p < 0.05) highest and significantly (p < 0.05) least value was obtained in bucks on mistletoe. Heat shock protein 70, adiponectin, and leptin of the bucks on control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than bucks on herbal supplements. Interleukin 6, interleukin β, and tumor necrosis factor α of bucks on control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than bucks fed on herbal supplements. In conclusion, the inclusion of herbal supplements Moringa, Phyllanthus, or mistletoe suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, boost humoral immunity, enhance the anti-oxidative status, and promote the growth of rabbit bucks during thermal discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimoh Olatunji Abubakar
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Ojo Olayinka Abosede
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Kwara State University, Molete, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Tian H, Ding M, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Yu Y, Tian Y, Li K, Sun G, Jiang R, Han R, Yan F, Kang X. Effect of HSPA8 gene on the proliferation, apoptosis and immune function of HD11 cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104666. [PMID: 36764422 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
HSPA8 (Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8) is a molecular chaperone involved in a variety of cellular processes. This gene may affect the proliferation, apoptosis and immune function of chicken macrophages, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the HSPA8 gene on the proliferation, apoptosis and immune function of chicken macrophages. In this study, a chicken HSPA8 overexpression plasmid, interference fragment and corresponding controls were transfected into HD11 cells, and then the expression of the HSPA8 gene, cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis rate and immune function of each group were detected. The results showed that transfection of the HSPA8 overexpression plasmid significantly upregulated the level of HSPA8 expression in HD11 cells compared with the control; significantly promoted the proliferation of HD11 cells and the expression of PCNA, CCND1 and CCNB3; decreased the number of cells in the G1 phase and increased the number of cells in the S phase; decreased the rate of apoptosis and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2; and promoted the expression of the LPS-induced cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Transfection of the HSPA8 interference fragment significantly downregulated the level of HSPA8 expression in HD11 cells; significantly inhibited the proliferation of HD11 cells and the expression of PCNA, CCND1 and CDK1; increased the number of cells in the G1 phase and decreased the number of cells in the S phase; increased the rate of apoptosis, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression levels of Fas and FasL; and inhibited the expression of the LPS-induced cytokines IL-1β and NF-κB. The results suggested that HSPA8 promotes the proliferation of and inhibits the apoptosis of HD11 cells and has a proinflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengxia Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yange Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Kui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Cavalcanti F, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M, Falo CP, Mestre L, Guaza C, O’Valle F, Lufino MMP, Xaus J, Mascaró C, Lunardi S, Sacilotto N, Dessanti P, Rotllant D, Navarro X, Herrando-Grabulosa M, Buesa C, Maes T. Efficacy of Vafidemstat in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Highlights the KDM1A/RCOR1/HDAC Epigenetic Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071420. [PMID: 35890315 PMCID: PMC9323733 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1; also known as KDM1A), is an epigenetic modulator that modifies the histone methylation status. KDM1A forms a part of protein complexes that regulate the expression of genes involved in the onset and progression of diseases such as cancer, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, viral infections, and others. Vafidemstat (ORY-2001) is a clinical stage inhibitor of KDM1A in development for the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. However, the role of ORY-2001 targeting KDM1A in neuroinflammation remains to be explored. Here, we investigated the effect of ORY-2001 on immune-mediated and virus-induced encephalomyelitis, two experimental models of multiple sclerosis and neuronal damage. Oral administration of ORY-2001 ameliorated clinical signs, reduced lymphocyte egress and infiltration of immune cells into the spinal cord, and prevented demyelination. Interestingly, ORY-2001 was more effective and/or faster acting than a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor antagonist in the effector phase of the disease and reduced the inflammatory gene expression signature characteristic ofEAE in the CNS of mice more potently. In addition, ORY-2001 induced gene expression changes concordant with a potential neuroprotective function in the brain and spinal cord and reduced neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity-derived damage in explants. These results pointed to ORY-2001 as a promising CNS epigenetic drug able to target neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases and provided preclinical support for the subsequent design of early-stage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cavalcanti
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS-Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (M.D.)
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS-Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (M.D.)
| | - Clara P. Falo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS-Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (M.D.)
| | - Leyre Mestre
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carmen Guaza
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, IBIMER and IBS-Granada, Granada University, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Michele M. P. Lufino
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Jordi Xaus
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristina Mascaró
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Serena Lunardi
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Natalia Sacilotto
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Paola Dessanti
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - David Rotllant
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.N.); (M.H.-G.)
| | - Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.N.); (M.H.-G.)
| | - Carlos Buesa
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Tamara Maes
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Heidari A, Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. The role of Toll-like receptors and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:135. [PMID: 35668422 PMCID: PMC9172200 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, significantly affecting patients' life. Pathologically, PD is associated with the extensive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in various regions of the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the substantia nigra. This neuronal loss is accompanied by the aggregation of misfolded protein, named α-synuclein. MAIN TEXT Recent studies detected several clues of neuroinflammation in PD samples using postmortem human PD brains and various PD animal models. Some evidence of neuroinflammation in PD patients included higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), presence of activated microglia in various brain regions such as substantia nigra, infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells in affected brain regions, and altered function of cellular immunity like monocytes phagocytosis defects. On the other side, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors primarily located on microglia, as well as other immune and non-immune cells, expressing pivotal roles in recognizing exogenous and endogenous stimuli and triggering inflammatory responses. Most studies indicated an increased expression of TLRs in the brain and peripheral blood cells of PD samples. Besides, this upregulation was associated with excessive neuroinflammation followed by neurodegeneration in affected regions. Therefore, evidence proposed that TLR-mediated neuroinflammation might lead to a dopaminergic neural loss in PD patients. In this regard, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 have the most prominent roles. CONCLUSION Although the presence of inflammation in acute phases of PD might have protective effects concerning the clearance of α-synuclein and delaying the disease advancement, the chronic activation of TLRs and neuroinflammation might lead to neurodegeneration, resulting in the disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to review additional evidence of the contribution of TLRs and neuroinflammation to PD pathogenesis, with the hope that TLRs could serve as novel disease-modifying therapeutic targets in PD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Heidari
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran. .,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Heat shock proteins and the calcineurin-crz1 signaling regulate stress responses in fungi. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:240. [PMID: 35377020 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock proteins (Hsps) act as a molecular chaperone to stabilize client proteins involved in various cell functions in fungi. Hsps are classified into different families such as HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSPs (sHsps). Hsp90, a well-studied member of the Hsp family proteins, plays a role in growth, cell survival, and pathogenicity in fungi. Hsp70 and sHsps are involved in the development, tolerance to stress conditions, and drug resistance in fungi. Hsp60 is a mitochondrial chaperone, and Hsp40 regulates fungal ATPase machinery. In this review, we describe the cell functions, regulation, and the molecular link of the Hsps with the calcineurin-crz1 calcium signaling pathway for their role in cell survival, growth, virulence, and drug resistance in fungi and related organisms.
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Tian H, Ding M, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Yu Y, Tian Y, Li K, Sun G, Jiang R, Han R, Yan F, Kang X. WITHDRAWN: Effect of HSPA8 on the proliferation, apoptosis and immune function of chicken macrophages. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022:106186. [PMID: 35217190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengxia Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yange Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Jaishankar D, Cosgrove C, Ramesh P, Mahon J, Shivde R, Dellacecca ER, Yang SF, Mosenson J, Guevara-Patiño JA, Le Poole IC. HSP70i Q435A to subdue autoimmunity and support anti-tumor responses. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:845-857. [PMID: 34542825 PMCID: PMC8492854 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing immunosuppressive therapies for autoimmune diseases comes with a caveat that immunosuppression may promote the risk of developing other conditions or diseases. We have previously shown that biolistic delivery of an expression construct encoding inducible HSP70 (HSP70i) with one amino acid modification in the dendritic cell (DC) activating moiety 435-445 (HSP70iQ435A) to mouse skin resulted in significant immunosuppressive activity of autoimmune vitiligo, associated with fewer tissue infiltrating T cells. To prepare HSP70iQ435A as a potential therapeutic for autoimmune vitiligo, in this study we evaluated whether and how biolistic delivery of HSP70iQ435A in mice affects anti-tumor responses. We found that HSP70iQ435A in fact supports anti-tumor responses in melanoma-challenged C57BL/6 mice. Biolistic delivery of the HSP70iQ435A-encoding construct to mice elicited significant anti-HSP70 titers, and anti-HSP70 IgG and IgM antibodies recognize surface-expressed and cytoplasmic HSP70i in human and mouse melanoma cells. A peptide scan revealed that the anti-HSP70 antibodies recognize a specific C-terminal motif within the HSP70i protein. The antibodies elicited surface CD107A expression among mouse NK cells, representative of antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), supporting the concept, that HSP70iQ435A-encoding DNA elicits a humoral response to the stress protein expressed selectively on the surface of melanoma cells. Thus, besides limiting autoimmunity and inflammation, HSP70iQ435A elicits humoral responses that limit tumor growth and may be used in conjunction with immune checkpoint inhibitors to not only control tumor but to also limit adverse events following tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Dermatology & Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Cormac Cosgrove
- Department of Dermatology & Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prathyaya Ramesh
- Department of Dermatology & Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Mahon
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rohan Shivde
- Department of Dermatology & Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emilia R Dellacecca
- Department of Dermatology & Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shiayin F Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mosenson
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - José A Guevara-Patiño
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology & Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Andersen-Ranberg E, Berendt M, Gredal H. Biomarkers of non-infectious inflammatory CNS diseases in dogs: Where are we now? Part 2 - Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis. Vet J 2021; 273:105692. [PMID: 34148607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) in dogs causes severe inflammation of meningeal arteries leading to generalized meningitis with possible neurological signs, as well as a systemic inflammatory response. The etiology and exact pathogenesis are unknown, but an immune-mediated origin has been suggested and is supported by a positive response to immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroids. A collection of clinical and paraclinical characteristics may be highly indicative of SRMA, but a single and conclusive diagnostic test or biomarker is currently not available. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding and knowledge on SRMA, with special emphasis on potential biomarkers and their applicability in the diagnostic work-up. Though no specific markers for SRMA currently exist, clinically useful markers include IgA and several acute phase proteins e.g. C-reactive protein. A frequent problem of both acknowledged and proposed biomarkers, is, however, their inability to effectively differentiate SRMA from other systemic inflammatory conditions. Other proposed diagnostic markers include genetic markers, acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A, cytokines such as interleukin-17 and CC-motif ligand 19, endocannabinoid receptors and heat shock protein 70; these suggestions however either lack specificity or need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Andersen-Ranberg
- Copenhagen University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mette Berendt
- Copenhagen University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gredal
- Copenhagen University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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11
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Trichuris trichiura egg extract proteome reveals potential diagnostic targets and immunomodulators. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009221. [PMID: 33760829 PMCID: PMC8021180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonated eggs are the infectious developmental stage of Trichuris trichiura and are the primary stimulus for the immune system of the definitive host. The intestinal-dwelling T. trichiura affects an estimated 465 million people worldwide with an estimated global burden of disease of 640 000 DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years). In Latin America and the Caribbean, trichuriasis is the most prevalent soil transmitted helminthiasis in the region (12.3%; 95% CI). The adverse health consequences impair childhood school performance and reduce school attendance resulting in lower future wage-earning capacity. The accumulation of the long-term effects translates into poverty promoting sequelae and a cycle of impoverishment. Each infective T. trichiura egg carries the antigens needed to face the immune system with a wide variety of proteins present in the shell, larvae’s surface, and the accompanying fluid that contains their excretions/secretions. We used a proteomic approach with tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the proteome of soluble non-embryonated egg extracts of T. trichiura obtained from naturally infected African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). A total of 231 proteins were identified, 168 of them with known molecular functions. The proteome revealed common proteins families which are known to play roles in energy and metabolism; the cytoskeleton, muscle and motility; proteolysis; signaling; the stress response and detoxification; transcription and translation; and lipid binding and transport. In addition to the study of the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteome, the antigenic profile of the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg and female soluble proteins against serum antibodies from C. sabaeus naturally infected with trichuriasis was investigated. We used an immunoproteomic approach by Western blot and tandem mass spectrometry from the corresponding SDS-PAGE gels. Vitellogenin N and VWD and DUF1943 domain containing protein, poly-cysteine and histidine tailed protein isoform 2, heat shock protein 70, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, actin, and enolase, were among the potential immunoactive proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteome as a novel source of information on potential targets for immunodiagnostics and immunomodulators from a neglected tropical disease. This initial list of T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteins (proteome and antigenic profile) can be used in future research on the immunobiology and pathogenesis of human trichuriasis and the treatment of human intestinal immune-related diseases. Who came first the worm or its egg? In the case of whipworm, we know it is the egg. The infective life cycle stage of the human whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) is the primary stimulus for the immune system of the definitive host. Each infective whipworm egg carries the information needed to face the immune system of the host with a wide variety of proteins present in the shell, larvae’s surface, and the accompanying fluid that contains their excretions/secretions. We investigated the soluble proteins of the non-embryonated egg using an immunoproteomic approach and then selected the top five proteins using a series of bioinformatic analysis. We used these top five proteins to recognize potential targets for immunodiagnostics and immunomodulation while comparing them to known female worm proteins. We found that the proteins we selected were involved in lipid transport, energy and metabolism, and muscle and motility. One protein has unknown function.
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12
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Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 in Neuroinflammatory Disorders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is implicated in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Progress may be accelerated by developing a comprehensive view of the pathogenesis of CNS disorders, including the immune and the chaperone systems (IS and CS). The latter consists of the molecular chaperones; cochaperones; and chaperone cofactors, interactors, and receptors of an organism and its main collaborators in maintaining protein homeostasis (canonical function) are the ubiquitin–proteasome system and chaperone-mediated autophagy. The CS has also noncanonical functions, for instance, modulation of the IS with induction of proinflammatory cytokines. This deserves investigation because it may be at the core of neuroinflammation, and elucidation of its mechanism will open roads toward developing efficacious treatments centered on molecular chaperones (i.e., chaperonotherapy). Here, we discuss information available on the role of three members of the CS—heat shock protein (Hsp)60, Hsp70, and Hsp90—in IS modulation and neuroinflammation. These three chaperones occur intra- and extracellularly, with the latter being the most likely involved in neuroinflammation because they can interact with the IS. We discuss some of the interactions, their consequences, and the molecules involved but many aspects are still incompletely elucidated, and we hope that this review will encourage research based on the data presented to pave the way for the development of chaperonotherapy. This may consist of blocking a chaperone that promotes destructive neuroinflammation or replacing or boosting a defective chaperone with cytoprotective activity against neurodegeneration.
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13
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Kim JY, Barua S, Huang MY, Park J, Yenari MA, Lee JE. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) Induction: Chaperonotherapy for Neuroprotection after Brain Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092020. [PMID: 32887360 PMCID: PMC7563654 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is a stress-inducible protein that has been shown to protect the brain from various nervous system injuries. It allows cells to withstand potentially lethal insults through its chaperone functions. Its chaperone properties can assist in protein folding and prevent protein aggregation following several of these insults. Although its neuroprotective properties have been largely attributed to its chaperone functions, HSP70 may interact directly with proteins involved in cell death and inflammatory pathways following injury. Through the use of mutant animal models, gene transfer, or heat stress, a number of studies have now reported positive outcomes of HSP70 induction. However, these approaches are not practical for clinical translation. Thus, pharmaceutical compounds that can induce HSP70, mostly by inhibiting HSP90, have been investigated as potential therapies to mitigate neurological disease and lead to neuroprotection. This review summarizes the neuroprotective mechanisms of HSP70 and discusses potential ways in which this endogenous therapeutic molecule could be practically induced by pharmacological means to ultimately improve neurological outcomes in acute neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (M.Y.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (M.Y.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Mei Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (M.Y.H.); (J.P.)
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (M.Y.H.); (J.P.)
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Midori A. Yenari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco & the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Neurology (127) VAMC 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.Y.); (J.E.L.); Tel.: +1-415-750-2011 (M.A.Y.); +82-2-2228-1646 (ext. 1659) (J.E.L.); Fax: +1-415-750-2273 (M.A.Y.); +82-2-365-0700 (J.E.L.)
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (M.Y.H.); (J.P.)
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.Y.); (J.E.L.); Tel.: +1-415-750-2011 (M.A.Y.); +82-2-2228-1646 (ext. 1659) (J.E.L.); Fax: +1-415-750-2273 (M.A.Y.); +82-2-365-0700 (J.E.L.)
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14
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Tang J, Tang Y, Yi I, Chen DF. The role of commensal microflora-induced T cell responses in glaucoma neurodegeneration. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 256:79-97. [PMID: 32958216 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, new evidence has become increasingly more compelling that commensal microflora profoundly influences the maturation and function of resident immune cells in host physiology. The concept of gut-retina axis is actively being explored. Studies have revealed a critical role of commensal microbes linked with neuronal stress, immune responses, and neurodegeneration in the retina. Microbial dysbiosis changes the blood-retina barrier permeability and modulates T cell-mediated autoimmunity to contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as glaucoma. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are evolutionarily conserved, are thought to function both as neuroprotectant and pathogenic antigens of T cells contributing to cell protection and tissue damage, respectively. Activated microglia recruit and interact with T cells during this process. Glaucoma, characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. With nearly 70 million people suffering glaucoma worldwide, which doubles the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease, it represents the most frequent neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration in glaucoma and its association with the function of commensal microflora may help unveil the secrets of many neurodegenerative disorders in the CNS and develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yizhen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Irvin Yi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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15
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Chiricosta L, Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Could the Heat Shock Proteins 70 Family Members Exacerbate the Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis? An in Silico Study. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060615. [PMID: 32503176 PMCID: PMC7348765 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It represents one of the main causes of neurological disability in young people. In MS, the autoimmune response is directed against myelin antigens but other possible bio-molecular markers are investigated. The aim of this work was, through an in silico study, the evaluation of the transcriptional modifications between healthy subjects and MS patients in six brain areas (corpus callosum, hippocampus, internal capsule, optic chiasm, frontal and parietal cortex) in order to identify genes representative of the disease. Our results show the upregulation of the Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA7, HSPA6, HSPH1 and HSPA4L of the HSP70 family, among which HSPA1A and HSPA1B are upregulated in all the brain areas. HSP70s are molecular chaperones indispensable for protein folding, recently associated with immune system maintenance. The little overexpression of the HSPs protects the cells from stress but extreme upregulation can contribute to the MS pathogenesis. We also investigated the genes involved in the immune system that result in overall upregulation in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, internal capsule, optic chiasm and are absent in the cortex. Interestingly, the genes of the immune system and the HSP70s have comparable levels of expression.
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16
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Pistono C, Monti MC, Marchesi N, Boiocchi C, Campagnoli LIM, Morlotti D, Cuccia M, Govoni S, Montomoli C, Mallucci G, Bergamaschi R, Pascale A. Unraveling a new player in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: The RNA-binding protein HuR. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 41:102048. [PMID: 32200342 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ELAV-like proteins are a small family of RNA-binding proteins that are fundamental players in post-transcriptional mechanisms and are involved in the pathogenesis of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. HuR, the ubiquitously expressed member of the family, is also implicated in sustaining inflammation and inflammatory diseases, supporting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation plays a central role in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), which represents the most common cause of permanent physical disability in young adults. MS is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the Central Nervous System, with a complex aetiology involving genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. No data are available on the potential entanglement of HuR in MS pathogenesis in patients. In the present work, we aimed at exploring HuR protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MS patients, compared to healthy controls. To further elucidate the possible involvement of HuR in MS, we also investigated the relationship between this specific RNA-binding protein and HSP70-2 protein, also considering the HSP70-2 rs1061581 polymorphism, given that HSP70-2 mRNA has been reported as a HuR target and this specific polymorphism to be associated with MS risk. METHODS Alleles and genotypes for HSP70-2 rs1061581 polymorphism were assessed, by using a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, followed by digestion with restriction enzyme, in MS patients and healthy controls. PBMCs from a subgroup of patients and controls were used to evaluate HuR and HSP70-2 protein content by Western blot. RESULTS PBMCs from 52 MS patients had a lower HuR and higher HSP70-2 protein content compared to 43 healthy controls. An increase of 100 units of HuR significantly decreased the risk of developing MS by 9.8% (OR: 0.902, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98), controlling for HSP70-2 protein expression, HSP70-2 rs1061581 genotype, age and sex. Moreover, holding HuR levels, an increase of 100 units of HSP70-2 protein significantly increased the MS risk by 18.1% (OR: 1.181, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) and the genetic susceptibility of developing MS for HSP70-2 rs1061581 GG carriers is confirmed. Of interest, MS patients with a moderate to severe form of MS (MSSS ≥ 3) showed a trend towards a reduction of HuR protein levels compared to patients with mild disease severity (MSSS < 3). CONCLUSIONS HuR protein levels are reduced in MS patients compared to healthy subjects, and the protein amount may continue to decline with disease progression, suggesting a putative role of this RNA-binding protein. Moreover, our results suggest that MS pathology may have disrupted the link between HuR and its target transcript HSP70-2. It will be important to further explore the exact role of HuR in MS, considering the complex interplay with other RNA-binding factors and target mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pistono
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Biology & Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Monti
- Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Boiocchi
- Inter-Department Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Danila Morlotti
- Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariaclara Cuccia
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Biology & Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Montomoli
- Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mallucci
- Inter-Department Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bergamaschi
- Inter-Department Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Tripathi P, Singh LK, Kumari S, Hakiem OR, Batra JK. ClpB is an essential stress regulator of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and endows survival advantage to dormant bacilli. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151402. [PMID: 32014406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to tolerate multiple host derived stresses, resist eradication and persist within the infected individuals is central to the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterial survival is contingent upon sensing environmental perturbations and initiating a fitting response to counter them. Therefore, understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying stress tolerance and sensing in Mtb is critical for devising strategies for TB control. Our study aims to delineate the role of ClpB, a heat shock protein of Hsp100 family, in the general stress response and persistence mechanisms of Mtb. We demonstrate that Mtb requires ClpB to survive under stressful conditions. Additionally, we show that ClpB is necessary for the bacteria to persist in latency-like conditions such as prolonged hypoxia and nutrient-starvation. The disruption of ClpB results in aberrant cellular morphology, impaired biofilm formation and reduced infectivity of Mtb ex vivo. Our study also reports an alternative role of ClpB as a chaperokine which elicits inflammatory response in host. We conclude that ClpB is essential for Mtb to survive within macrophages, and plays a crucial part in the maintenance of dormant Mtb bacilli in latent state. The absence of ClpB in human genome makes it an attractive choice as drug target for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Tripathi
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Lalit K Singh
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sujata Kumari
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Owais R Hakiem
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Janendra K Batra
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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18
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Zhong C, Li J, Mao L, Liu M, Zhu X, Li W, Sun M, Ji X, Xiao F, Yang L, Zhang W, Liao Z. Proteomics analysis reveals heat shock proteins involved in caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:151. [PMID: 31101113 PMCID: PMC6525452 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 (CPIV3) is major pathogen of goat herds causing serious respiratory tract disease and economic losses to the goat industry in China. We analyzed the differential proteomics of CPIV3-infected Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells using quantitative iTRAQ coupled LC-MS/MS. In addition, four DEPs were validated by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed 163 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between CPIV3-infected and mock-infected groups (p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1.2), among which 91 were down-regulated and 72 were up-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that these DEPs were involved in molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes. Biological functions in which the DEPs were involved in included diseases, genetic information processing, metabolism, environmental information processing, cellular processes, and organismal systems. STRING analysis revealed that four heat shock proteins (HSPs) included HSPA5, HSPA1B, HSP90B1 and HSPA6 may be associated with proliferation of CPIV3 in MDBK cells. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that the selected HSPs were identical to the quantitative proteomics data. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of the proteomic changes in MDBK cells after CPIV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.,Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Min Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xinqin Ji
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zheng Liao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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19
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Abdel-Latif M, Sakran T, Badawi YK, Abdel-Hady DS. Influence of Moringa oleifera extract, vitamin C, and sodium bicarbonate on heat stress-induced HSP70 expression and cellular immune response in rabbits. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:975-984. [PMID: 29728855 PMCID: PMC6111078 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to test the effect of Moringa oleifera extract (MOE), vitamin (Vit) C, and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on heat stress (HS)-induced alterations in rabbits. Five groups of rabbits were designed as control, HS, HS + MOE, HS + Vit C, and HS + NaHCO3. HS groups were exposed to high temperatures, while treatments were given in drinking water for 6 weeks. Levels of blood cortisol, leptin, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were assayed using ELISA, while adrenaline was assayed calorimetrically. Expression of HSP70, FOXP3, T cell receptor (TCR) γ, and δ mRNA was tested using real-time (RT)-PCR, while HSP70 protein expression was tested using western blotting in liver and kidney tissues. Infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg; CD25+) and NK (CD56+) cells were tested using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of liver enzymes (ALT & AST), urea, and creatinine were assayed calorimetrically, while body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The results showed increased levels of cortisol, adrenaline, leptin, IFN-γ, TNF-α, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine but decreased IL-10 in the HS group. Increased expression of HSP70 on both mRNA and protein levels was associated with increased NK and γδ T cells versus decreased Treg cell infiltration in liver and kidney tissues of the HS group. In the same group, BWG was decreased, while FCR was increased with respect to the control group. All treatments used in this study reversed the effects of HS significantly. In conclusion, MOE, Vit C, and NaHCO3 can be added to rabbit diets for the amelioration of HS-induced symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdel-Latif
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Thabet Sakran
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yasser K Badawi
- Biotechnology Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa S Abdel-Hady
- Biotechnology Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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20
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da Silva MB, Urrego A JR, Oviedo Y, Cooper PJ, Pacheco LGC, Pinheiro CS, Ferreira F, Briza P, Alcantara-Neves NM. The somatic proteins of Toxocara canis larvae and excretory-secretory products revealed by proteomics. Vet Parasitol 2018; 259:25-34. [PMID: 30056980 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toxocariasis is a widespread helminth infection of dogs and cats, caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati larvae, respectively. Toxocara spp. can cause zoonotic infections in humans by invading tissues and organs causing pathology. Toxocara spp. larvae release excretory-secretory molecules (TES) into the body of their host that are fundamental to the host-parasite interaction and could be used as targets for novel diagnostics and vaccines. In the present study, we identified 646 T. canis proteins from TES and larval extract using 1D-SDS PAGE followed by mass spectrometry. A wide range of proteins was identified that may play a role both in the induction of the host immune response and host pathology, and in parasite metabolism and survival. Among these proteins there are potential candidates for novel diagnostics and vaccines for dogs and cats toxocariases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia B da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Juan R Urrego A
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Yisela Oviedo
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Philip J Cooper
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, de la Salud y la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Insitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Carina S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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21
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Camara-Lemarroy CR, Metz L, Smith EE, Dunn JF, Yong VW. Expanding the Potential Therapeutic Options for Remote Ischemic Preconditioning: Use in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:475. [PMID: 29971043 PMCID: PMC6018107 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Camara-Lemarroy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,UANL School of Medicine and University Hospital, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luanne Metz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff F Dunn
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Lechner P, Buck D, Sick L, Hemmer B, Multhoff G. Serum heat shock protein 70 levels as a biomarker for inflammatory processes in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2018; 4:2055217318767192. [PMID: 29780609 PMCID: PMC5954314 DOI: 10.1177/2055217318767192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes are hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). The synthesis of the major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is induced by inflammation. Objective The purpose of this study is to determine whether Hsp70 in serum can serve as a potential biomarker to distinguish inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in MS. Methods Serum was obtained from 94 patients: 26 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 40 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), 19 secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and nine primary progressive MS (PPMS). As controls, serum samples were collected from patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NINDs, n = 41), other inflammatory neurological diseases (OINDs, n = 28) and healthy donors (HDs, n = 114). Serum levels of Hsp70 were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting free and liposomal Hsp70 (lipHsp70 ELISA). Results Patients with MS displayed significantly higher Hsp70 serum levels than HDs (p < 0.001) and significantly lower levels than OINDs (p = 0.001). A subgroup analysis revealed that Hsp70 serum levels of CIS/RRMS patients are significantly higher than those of patients with progressive MS (SPMS/PPMS) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Inflammation causes the release of Hsp70 into the blood. As CIS/RRMS are associated with higher Hsp70 serum levels than progressive MS, serum Hsp70 levels might provide a marker for inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lechner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM) campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothea Buck
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Germany.,German Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis (KKNMS), Germany
| | - Lisa Sick
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Germany.,German Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis (KKNMS), Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research TU München (TranslaTUM) campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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23
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Haseeb K, Wang J, Xiao K, Yang KL, Sun PP, Wu XT, Luo Y, Song H, Liu HZ, Zhong JM, Peng KM. Effects of Boron Supplementation on Expression of Hsp70 in the Spleen of African Ostrich. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:317-327. [PMID: 28730576 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) occurs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in response to physiological, environmental, and chemical exposures, thus allowing the cell survival from fatal conditions. Hsp70 cytoprotective properties may be clarified by its anti-apoptotic function. Boron has been reported to play an essential role in various organ developments and metabolisms. However, it is not known if boron is also able to modulate the Hsp70. In the present study, the actions of boron on ostrich spleen and expression level of Hsp70 were investigated. Thirty healthy ostrich chicks were randomly assigned to six groups: groups I, II, III, IV, V, and VI and fed the basal diet spiked with 0-, 40-, 80-, 160-, 320-, and 640-mg boric acid (BA)/L, respectively, in drinking water. The histomorphological examination in the spleen was done by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expression level of Hsp70 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting, and mRNA expression of Hsp70 was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In order to investigate apoptosis, TUNEL assay reaction in all treatment groups was analyzed. Our results showed that the histological structure of spleen up to 160 mg/L BA supplementation groups well developed. The Hsp70 expression level first induced at low-dose groups (up to group IV) and then inhibited dramatically in high-dose groups (V and VI) while comparing with the group I (0 mg BA). The TUNEL assay reaction revealed that the cell apoptosis amount was decreased in group IV, but in group V and especially in group VI, it was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Taken altogether, proper dietary boron treatment might stimulate ostrich chick spleen development by promoting the Hsp70 expression level and inhibiting apoptosis, while a high amount of boron supplementation would impair the ostrich spleen structure by inhibiting Hsp70 expression level and promoting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaliq Haseeb
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Peng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Tong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - You Luo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Ming Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Mei Peng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Ferreira TB, Hygino J, Wing AC, Kasahara TM, Sacramento PM, Camargo S, Rueda F, Alves-Leon SV, Alvarenga R, Vasconcelos CC, Agrawal A, Gupta S, Bento CAM. Different interleukin-17-secreting Toll-like receptor + T-cell subsets are associated with disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2017; 154:239-252. [PMID: 29168181 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, the expression of TLR-2, -4 and -9 was significantly higher on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from MS patients compared to healthy individuals. Following in-vitro activation, the proportion of interleukin (IL)-17+ and IL-6+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was higher in the patients. In addition, the proportion of IFN-γ-secreting TLR+ CD8+ T-cells was increased in MS patients. Among different IL-17+ T-cell phenotypes, the proportion of IL-17+ TLR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells producing IFN-γ or IL-6 were positively associated with the number of active brain lesions and neurological disabilities. Interestingly, activation of purified CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells with ligands for TLR-2 (Pam3Csk4), TLR-4 [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and TLR-9 [oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)] directly induced cytokine production in MS patients. Among the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), Pam3Csk4 was more potent than other TLR ligands in inducing the production of all proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels produced by Pam3Csk4-activated CD4+ cells were directly associated with disease activity. A similar correlation was observed with regard to IL-17 levels released by Pam3Csk4-stimulated CD8+ T-cells and clinical parameters. In conclusion, our data suggest that the expansion of different T helper type 17 (Th17) phenotypes expressing TLR-2, -4 and -9 is associated with MS disease activity, and reveals a preferential ability of TLR-2 ligand in directly inducing the production of cytokines related to brains lesions and neurological disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Ferreira
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana Hygino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Wing
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa M Kasahara
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Sacramento
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Solange Camargo
- Lagoa Hospital, Barra da Tijuca Unity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rueda
- Clinical of Diagnosis by Image, Barra da Tijuca Unity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soniza V Alves-Leon
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Alvarenga
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Kumar R, Sahoo PK, Barat A. Transcriptome profiling and expression analysis of immune responsive genes in the liver of Golden mahseer (Tor putitora) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:655-666. [PMID: 28655594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling has been used to decipher the novel mechanisms behind immune responses of the fishes. However, the molecular mechanism underlining immune response in mahseer is not studied so far. Fishes are greatly affected by bacterial pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila. In this study, transcriptome response of golden mahseer (Tor putitora) infected with A. hydrophila was examined using paired end Illumina sequencing of liver tissue to understand the immune response of the fish. The de novo assembly generated 61,042 unigenes ranging from 200 to 9322 bp in length and an average length of 463 bp. The gene ontology annotations resulted a total of 131,826 term assignments to the annotated transcriptome including 60,846 (46.16%) allocations from the biological process; 21,603 (16.39%) from molecular function and 49,377 (37.46%) from cellular components. Differential gene expression analysis of the transcriptome data from challenged and control group revealed 1104 upregulated and 1304 down-regulated unigenes. The differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the pathways including cell surface receptor signaling, TH1 and TH2 cell differentiation, pathogen recognition, and immune system process/defense response especially complement cascade. Twelve unigenes including ankyrin, serum amyloid, hsp4b, STAT3, complement factor c3 and c7 were validated using qPCR and found differentially expressed in accordance with in silico expression analysis. The results obtained in this study will provide the first and crucial information on the molecular mechanism of mahseer fishes against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prabhati K Sahoo
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashoktaru Barat
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
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26
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Das A, Arifuzzaman S, Yoon T, Kim SH, Chai JC, Lee YS, Jung KH, Chai YG. RNA sequencing reveals resistance of TLR4 ligand-activated microglial cells to inflammation mediated by the selective jumonji H3K27 demethylase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6554. [PMID: 28747667 PMCID: PMC5529413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent microglial activation is associated with the production and secretion of various pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines and chemokines, which may initiate or amplify neurodegenerative diseases. A novel synthetic histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase JMJD3 inhibitor, GSK-J4, was proven to exert immunosuppressive activities in macrophages. However, a genome-wide search for GSK-J4 molecular targets has not been undertaken in microglia. To study the immuno-modulatory effects of GSK-J4 at the transcriptomic level, triplicate RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed with resting, GSK-J4-, LPS- and LPS + GSK-J4-challenged primary microglial (PM) and BV-2 microglial cells. Among the annotated genes, the transcriptional sequencing of microglia that were treated with GSK-J4 revealed a selective effect on LPS-induced gene expression, in which the induction of cytokines/chemokines, interferon-stimulated genes, and prominent transcription factors TFs, as well as previously unidentified genes that are important in inflammation was suppressed. Furthermore, we showed that GSK-J4 controls are important inflammatory gene targets by modulating STAT1, IRF7, and H3K27me3 levels at their promoter sites. These unprecedented results demonstrate that the histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 could have therapeutic applications for neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Das
- Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarder Arifuzzaman
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Yoon
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Görtz AL, Peferoen LAN, Gerritsen WH, van Noort JM, Bugiani M, Amor S. Heat shock protein expression in cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy reveals astrocyte stress prior to myelin loss. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 44:363-376. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Görtz
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - L. A. N. Peferoen
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - W. H. Gerritsen
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Bugiani
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Child Neurology; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - S. Amor
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Queen Mary University of London; Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London UK
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28
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Juric MK, Shevtsov M, Mozes P, Ogonek J, Crossland RE, Dickinson AM, Greinix HT, Holler E, Weissinger EM, Multhoff G. B-Cell-Based and Soluble Biomarkers in Body Liquids for Predicting Acute/Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 7:660. [PMID: 28138325 PMCID: PMC5238459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the main curative therapy for hematological malignancy such as leukemias, lymphomas, or multiple myelomas and some other hematological disorders. In this therapy, cure of hematological diseases relies on graft-versus-malignancy effects by allogenic immune cells. However, severe posttransplant treatment-associated complications such as acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) limit this approach. Most research into GvHD has concentrated on the aGvHD, while the more complex and multifaceted chronic form has been largely poorly investigated. cGvHD is a multi-organ autoimmune disorder and is the major cause of non-relapse morbidity and mortality following allo-HSCT, occurring in about 50% of patients, or 13,000–15,000 patients per year worldwide. Therefore, there is a high medical need for an early prediction of these therapy-associated toxicities. Biomarkers have gained importance over the last decade in diagnosis, in prognosis, and in prediction of pending diseases or side effects. Biomarkers can be cells, factors isolated from target tissues, or soluble factors that can be detected in body fluids. In this review, we aim to summarize some of the recent developments of biomarkers in the field of allo-HSCT. We will focus on cell-based biomarkers (B-cell subsets) for cGvHD and soluble factors including microRNA (miRNA), which are excreted into serum/plasma and urine. We also discuss the potential role of cytosolic and extracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) as potential biomarkers for aGvHD and their role in preclinical models. Proteomic biomarkers in the blood have been used as predictors of treatment responses in patients with aGvHD for many years. More recently, miRNAs have been found to serve as a biomarker to diagnose aGvHD in the plasma. Another development relates to urine-based biomarkers that are usually detected by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. These biomarkers have the potential to predict the development of severe aGvHD (grades III–IV), overall mortality, and the pending development of cGvHD in patients posttransplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Kralj Juric
- Department of Internal Medicine I, BMT, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Petra Mozes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Justyna Ogonek
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplantation Biology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Rachel E Crossland
- Hematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Anne M Dickinson
- Hematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | | | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Eva M Weissinger
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplantation Biology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
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29
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated and neurodegenerative central nervous system disease, mostly affect myelin sheaths. The MS pathogenesis is still under debate. It is influenced by genetic, environment factors. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins seen in all organisms. Not only heat stress but also under many stress conditions they are overexpressed. Their roles in MS pathogenesis are highly correlated with their location (intracellular or extracellular). In this chapter, we will discuss the role of HSP in MS pathogenesis.
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miR-155-3p Drives the Development of Autoimmune Demyelination by Regulation of Heat Shock Protein 40. J Neurosci 2016; 35:16504-15. [PMID: 26674874 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2830-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED microRNA-155 (miR-155) plays an important role in posttranscriptional gene regulation of the immune system. We and others have described miR-155 upregulation in T helper cells (Th) during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. We have shown that mice in which the miR-155 host gene (MIR155HG) has been deactivated are resistant to EAE. MIR155HG produces two different miRNA strands, miR-155-5p and miR-155-3p, and miR-155-5p has been considered the only functional miR-155 form. Surprisingly, we found that miR-155-3p is also strongly upregulated in Th cells infiltrating the brain in EAE. Functional manipulation of miR-155-3p expression revealed its particular role in regulation of Th17 development. The search for miRNA-155-3p target genes highlighted transcripts of two heat shock protein 40 genes, Dnaja2 and Dnajb1. These two genes negatively regulated Th17 differentiation, leading to decreased EAE. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into a previously unknown mechanism by which miR-155-3p controls Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune demyelination. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is brain-specific autoimmune disease mediated by T helper (Th) cells autoreactive to myelin. The mechanisms leading to MS are not fully understood and microRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as important regulators of the process. We report that, in an MS murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, miR-155 controls Th cell function by an unusual mechanism involving a rare form, miR-155-3p. miR-155-3p is specifically found in brain-infiltrating myelin-autoreactive CD4(+) T cells and contributes to the development of an encephalitogenic Th17 population. miR-155-3p promotes Th17 by inhibiting two heat shock protein 40 genes, Dnaja2 and Dnajb1. Our findings indicate a unique miRNA function in the brain-infiltrating Th cells and suggest Dnaja2 and Dnajb1 as targets for intervention in autoimmune demyelination.
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Emery SM, Dobrowsky RT. Promoting Neuronal Tolerance of Diabetic Stress: Modulating Molecular Chaperones. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 127:181-210. [PMID: 27133150 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) involves an interrelated series of metabolic and vascular insults that ultimately contribute to sensory neuron degeneration. In the quest to pharmacologically manage DPN, small-molecule inhibitors have targeted proteins and pathways regarded as "diabetes specific" as well as others whose activity are altered in numerous disease states. These efforts have not yielded any significant therapies, due in part to the complicating issue that the biochemical contribution of these targets/pathways to the progression of DPN does not occur with temporal and/or biochemical uniformity between individuals. In a complex, chronic neurodegenerative disease such as DPN, it is increasingly appreciated that effective disease management may not necessarily require targeting a pathway or protein considered to contribute to disease progression. Alternatively, it may prove sufficiently beneficial to pharmacologically enhance the activity of endogenous cytoprotective pathways to aid neuronal tolerance to and recovery from glucotoxic stress. In pursuing this paradigm shift, we have shown that modulating the activity and expression of molecular chaperones such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) may provide translational potential for the effective medical management of insensate DPN. Considerable evidence supports that modulating Hsp70 has beneficial effects in improving inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose sensitivity. Given the emerging potential of modulating Hsp70 to manage DPN, the current review discusses efforts to characterize the cytoprotective effects of this protein and the benefits and limitations that may arise in drug development efforts that exploit its cytoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Emery
- The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - R T Dobrowsky
- The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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Ma J, Pan P, Anyika M, Blagg BSJ, Dobrowsky RT. Modulating Molecular Chaperones Improves Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Decreases the Inflammatory Transcriptome in Diabetic Sensory Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1637-48. [PMID: 26161583 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that modulating molecular chaperones with KU-32, a novobiocin derivative, ameliorates physiologic and bioenergetic deficits of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Replacing the coumarin core of KU-32 with a meta-fluorinated biphenyl ring system created KU-596, a novobiocin analogue (novologue) that showed neuroprotective activity in a cell-based assay. The current study sought to determine whether KU-596 offers similar therapeutic potential for treating DPN. Administration of 2-20 mg/kg of KU-596 improved diabetes induced hypoalgesia and sensory neuron bioenergetic deficits in a dose-dependent manner. However, the drug could not improve these neuropathic deficits in diabetic heat shock protein 70 knockout (Hsp70 KO) mice. To gain further insight into the mechanisms by which KU-596 improved DPN, we performed transcriptomic analysis of sensory neuron RNA obtained from diabetic wild-type and Hsp70 KO mice using RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated that diabetes strongly increased inflammatory pathways and that KU-596 therapy effectively reversed these increases independent of Hsp70. In contrast, the effects of KU-596 on decreasing the expression of genes regulating the production of reactive oxygen species were more Hsp70-dependent. These data indicate that modulation of molecular chaperones by novologue therapy offers an effective approach toward correcting nerve dysfunction in DPN but that normalization of inflammatory pathways alone by novologue therapy seems to be insufficient to reverse sensory deficits associated with insensate DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡̂Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Pan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡̂Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mercy Anyika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡̂Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡̂Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Rick T. Dobrowsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ‡̂Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Gregori S, Amodio G, Quattrone F, Panina-Bordignon P. HLA-G Orchestrates the Early Interaction of Human Trophoblasts with the Maternal Niche. Front Immunol 2015; 6:128. [PMID: 25870595 PMCID: PMC4378286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) play a central role in educating maternal leukocytes, endometrial stromal and endothelial cells to generate a receptive decidual microenvironment tailored to accept the semi-allogeneic fetus. HLA-G, a non-classical HLA class I molecule endowed with immune-regulatory functions, is primarily expressed on EVTs lining the placenta and on the naturally occurring tolerogenic dendritic cells, named DC-10, which are enriched in the human first trimester decidua. Decidual DC-10 are involved in HLA-G-mediated tolerance at the maternal–fetal interface. EVTs not only establish a tolerogenic microenvironment through the interaction with maternal innate and adaptive cells but also orchestrate placenta vascular and tissue remodeling, leading to a successful pregnancy. Here, we discuss the potential implications of the HLA-G-mediated cross-talk among the cells present at the maternal–fetal interface, and its role in maintaining a positive relationship between the mother and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gregori
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Giada Amodio
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Federica Quattrone
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy
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Positive or negative involvement of heat shock proteins in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: an overview. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 73:1092-106. [PMID: 25383635 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most diffuse chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Both immune-mediated and neurodegenerative processes apparently play roles in the pathogenesis of this disease. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins; their expression in the nervous system is induced in a variety of pathologic states, including cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and trauma. To date, investigators have observed protective effects of HSPs in a variety of brain disease models (e.g. of Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease). In contrast, unequivocal data have been obtained for their roles in MS that depend on the HSP family and particularly on their localization (i.e. intracellular or extracellular). This article reviews our current understanding of the involvement of the principal HSP families in MS.
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