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Park Y, Cho S, Lee YS, Roh S. Depression Literacy and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Self-Rated Mental Health Among Korean Americans. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2024; 21:561-575. [PMID: 38721748 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2024.2349529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression literacy (DL) is increasingly recognized as an important predictor of mental health outcomes, but there remains a noticeable lack of scientific inquiry focusing on Korean Americans in this area. In addition, women are known to be more susceptible to depression, potentially affecting their DL and depressive symptoms differently than men. This study aimed to explore two primary objectives: (1) the potential role of self-rated mental health (SRMH) in mediating the association between DL and depressive symptoms in this population, and (2) whether gender differences exist in the presence and magnitudes of these mediation effects. METHOD Data were drawn from a survey with 693 Korean Americans aged 18 and older residing in New York and New Jersey. The PROCESS macro was used to test the mediation effect of self-rated mental health on the relationship between depression literacy and depressive symptoms in men and women. RESULTS Self-rated mental health was found to mediate the relation between depression literacy and depressive symptoms in women but not in men. CONCLUSIONS Providing evidence-informed, culturally tailored and gender specific depression literacy education and programs for the KA communities may be an important strategy to reduce depressive symptoms in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeddi Park
- School of Education and Human Development, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Soyeon Cho
- Department of Human Services, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Yeon-Shim Lee
- College of Health & Social Sciences, School of Social Work, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Soonhee Roh
- Department of Social Work, University of South Dakota-Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
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2
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Siddiq H, Teklehaimanot S, Guzman A. Social isolation, social media use, and poor mental health among older adults, California Health Interview Survey 2019-2020. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:969-977. [PMID: 37728756 PMCID: PMC11116239 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults' engagement on social media may be a resource to reduce loneliness and improve mental health. PURPOSE This study aimed to examine loneliness and social media use and its association with severe psychological distress among older adults and whether social media use moderated the association of loneliness on severe psychological distress among older adults. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of the 2019-2020 California Health Interview Survey. The Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6) assessed symptoms of psychological distress, with a K6 score ≥ 13 associated with severe mental illness. Loneliness was measured using a revised Three Item Loneliness Scale (TILS) score. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between loneliness and severe psychological distress. RESULTS Loneliness, health status, and identification as Asian, remained strong predictors of severe psychological distress among older adults when adjusting for other factors. In bivariate analysis, high-frequent social media users, but did not remain significant when accounting for covariates. Social media use did not moderate the association between loneliness and severe psychological distress. CONCLUSION This study underscores the significant impact of loneliness on poor mental health among older adults, emphasizing that while frequent social media use correlates with severe psychological distress, it may not alleviate the association of loneliness on poor mental health, thus highlighting the urgent need to address social isolation and promote genuine social connectedness, particularly among Asian older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafifa Siddiq
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, USA.
| | | | - Ariz Guzman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
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3
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Salve HR, Jaiswal A, Rath R, Sagar R, Vishnubhatla S. Prevalence and gender difference in depression in primary health care in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:819-826. [PMID: 38736806 PMCID: PMC11086768 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_290_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depression contributes to the major burden of mental illness in India. Assessment of burden is essential to develop interventions to address the problem at the primary care level. Materials and Methods We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies documenting the prevalence of depression in primary care in India. A wide literature search strategy was developed using keywords and Medical Subject Headings. The literature search was done in MEDLINE (via PubMed), IndMed, and major Indian psychiatric journal websites. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO. Bias assessment was carried out using a Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results A total of 186 studies were identified after an initial search, of which 17 were included in the final analysis using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The aggregate point prevalence of depression at the primary care level of the 17 studies using the random-effect model was 23.0% (95% CI: 16.0-30.0%). Significant heterogeneity was reported among the studies attributed majorly to a variety of study tools for assessing depression. Sub-group analysis revealed the higher aggregated prevalence of depression among females as compared to males at the primary care level. Conclusion The study provided updated evidence of higher and gender differential burden of depression at the primary care level in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Ramesh Salve
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Jaiswal
- Department of Community Medicine ESI, Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ramashankar Rath
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Srinivas Vishnubhatla
- Formerly with Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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4
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Jiménez AL, Cruz-Gonzalez M, Forsyth Calhoun T, Cohen L, Alegría M. Late life anxiety and depression symptoms, and suicidal behaviors in racial/ethnic minority older adults in community-based organizations and community clinics in the U.S. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 30:22-34. [PMID: 35113605 PMCID: PMC9519187 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late life anxiety and depression represent a significant source of disability, with racial/ethnic minority older adults in the U.S. showing marked disparities in healthy aging. Community-based organizations (CBOs) and community clinics serve these populations for preventive care, yet few identify their mental health service needs. We examine the association between race/ethnicity and risk of mild-to-severe symptoms of anxiety and depression, and suicidal behaviors in minority older adults. METHOD Data come from the multisite randomized controlled trial Building Community Capacity for Disability Prevention for Minority Elders, which screened 1,057 adults (45.5% Asian, 26.8% Latinx, 15.0% non-Latinx Black, 8.5% non-Latinx White, and 4.2% American Indian) aged 60 + years at CBOs and clinics in Massachusetts, New York, Florida, and Puerto Rico. Screened participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) for depression symptoms, and the Paykel Suicide Risk Questionnaire for suicidal behaviors. RESULTS 28.1% of older adults reported mild-to-severe anxiety symptoms, 30.1% reported mild-to-severe depression symptoms, and 4.3% reported at least one suicidal behavior. Compared to non-Latinx Whites, Latinxs had higher odds of mild-to-severe anxiety and depression symptoms and one or more suicidal behaviors, and Asians had higher odds of mild-to-severe depression symptoms only. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to improve outreach for screening and preventive mental health care for minority older adults. Expanding outreach and community-based capacity to identify and treat minority older adults with mental health conditions represents an opportunity to prevent disability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida L. Jiménez
- Department of Psychology, University of Puerto Rico, San
Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mario Cruz-Gonzalez
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Lauren Cohen
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School
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Park M, Choi Y, Cabassa LJ, Yasui M, Takeuchi D. Correlates of Stigma Toward Mental Health Service Use Among Filipino Americans and Korean Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:1008-1015. [PMID: 37261646 PMCID: PMC10525022 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Asian Americans are less likely than Whites to seek mental care and when they do, there is a substantial delay in help-seeking. Stigma associated with mental health service use is one of the major barriers to help-seeking among Asian Americans. However, few studies have examined multi-layered contextual predictors of stigma to examine joint as well as unique contributions of each predictor. Using a cross-sectional study of 376 Filipino and 412 Korean American parents from the Midwestern U.S., we investigated how individual, familial, ethnic cultural, and macro level factors were associated with stigma among immigrant parents. The findings from hierarchical regressions suggest that familial and ethnic cultural factors are prominent predictors of stigma among Korean Americans, whereas macro level factors are particularly pertinent to Filipino Americans. This study highlights the significance of subgroup specific interventions to be effective in addressing unmet mental care needs in distinct subgroups of Asian Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Park
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Yoonsun Choi
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leopoldo J Cabassa
- Brown School and the Center for Mental Health Services Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miwa Yasui
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Takeuchi
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Hong S, Walton B, Kim HW, Rhee TG. Predicting the Behavioral Health Needs of Asian Americans in Public Mental Health Treatment: A Classification Tree Approach. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2023; 50:630-643. [PMID: 36988832 PMCID: PMC10052246 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-023-01266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Given the fact that experiencing pandemic-related hardship and racial discrimination worsen Asian Americans' mental health, this study aimed to identify unique characteristics of behavioral health needs among Asian Americans (N = 544) compared to White Americans (N = 78,704) and Black Americans (N = 11,252) who received publicly funded behavioral health services in Indiana before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used 2019-2020 Adults Needs and Strengths Assessment (ANSA) data for adults eligible for Medicaid or funding from the state behavioral health agency. Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) was used to detect race-specific differences among demographic variables, the pandemic status, and ANSA items. Results indicated that, regardless of age, gender, or pandemic status, Asian Americans who received behavioral health services, struggled more with cultural-related factors compared to White and Black individuals. Within this context, intersections among behavioral/emotional needs (psychosis), life functioning needs (involvement in recovery, residential stability, decision making, medical/physical health), and strengths (job history, interpersonal, and spiritual) further differentiated the mental health functioning of Asian from White and Black Americans. Classification tree algorithms offer a promising approach to detecting complex behavioral health challenges and strengths of populations based on race, ethnicity, or other characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saahoon Hong
- Indiana University School of Social Work, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Betty Walton
- Indiana University School of Social Work, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hea-Won Kim
- Indiana University School of Social Work, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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7
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Richardson BN, Noh HI, Webster CI, Zhang W, Kim S, Yang I, Bai J. Oral Microbiome, Mental Health, and Sleep Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study in Chinese and Korean American Immigrants. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:180-190. [PMID: 36946910 PMCID: PMC10122216 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a systemic disease whose effects are not limited to the respiratory system. The oral microbiome (OM)-brain axis is of growing interest in understanding the broader, neuropsychiatric, impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through a systems biology lens. In this context, mental health and sleep disturbance are often reported by Asian Americans. In a cross-sectional observational study design, we examined the associations of the oral microbiome with mental health among Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic (between November 2020 and April 2021). Participants (n = 20) were adult Chinese and Korean American immigrants in Atlanta, Georgia, and primarily born outside the United States (60%) with a mean age of 34.8 years ±14 (standard deviation). Participants reported depressive symptoms, anxiety, and sleep disturbance, as measured by standard questionnaires. The OM was characterized by 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene using saliva. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were reported by 60% (n = 12) of participants, whereas 35% (n = 7) reported sleep disturbance. The α-diversity was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and marginally with anxiety. Participants with depressive symptoms and anxiety had enriched Rothia and Scardovia, respectively, whereas those without symptoms had enriched Fusobacterium. Individuals with sleep disturbance had enriched Kingella. In conclusion, this study suggests significant associations of the OM diversity with certain mental health dimensions such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Specific taxa were associated with these symptoms. The present observations in a modest sample size suggest the possible relevance of the OM-brain axis in studies of mental health during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N. Richardson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hye In Noh
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caitlin I. Webster
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sangmi Kim
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Irene Yang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Wang W, Song J, Fan C, Li Q, Ma D, Yin W. Cross-sectional study of factors affecting the receipt of mental health education in older migrants in China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:376. [PMID: 36814209 PMCID: PMC9945688 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population migration in China has increasingly included middle-aged and older populations. Relatedly, the lack of mental health education among China's older migrants is still an important but neglected problem. This study aimed to understand the current situation of mental health education received by the older migrant population in China and to explore related influencing factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 5729 older migrants who participated in the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey. The independent variables included four components: demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, migration factors, public health service utilization, and social integration factors. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test for single factors and a binary logistic regression model for multiple factors. RESULTS A total of 1749 older migrants received mental health education, for a receipt rate of 30.53%. Regression analysis showed that older migrant individuals who had an average monthly household income > 3000 CNY, self-rated their health as healthy, had chronic diseases, had heard of National Basic Public Health Services, had established health records, received ≥2 types of health education were willing to integrate into the local population, and were highly involved in the community were more likely to receive mental health education. Older migrants who were ≥ 70 years old, had an elementary school education or below, had difficulties in the local community, had migrated ≥11 years prior, moved for their offspring, and moved across provinces were less likely to receive mental health education. CONCLUSIONS The older migrant population does not receive sufficient mental health education. Mental health interventions should be tailored to the characteristics of older migrants to increase their mental health literacy and meet their psychological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Wang
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, NO.7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong China
| | - Jia Song
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079School of Management, Weifang Medical University, NO.7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong China
| | - Chengxin Fan
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079School of Management, Weifang Medical University, NO.7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong China
| | - Qiusha Li
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, NO.7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong China
| | - Dongping Ma
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079School of Management, Weifang Medical University, NO.7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong China
| | - Wenqiang Yin
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, NO.7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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Hope C, Shen N, Zhang W, Noh HI, Hertzberg VS, Kim S, Bai J. A Pilot Study of the Gut Microbiota Associated With Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Disturbance Among Chinese and Korean Immigrants in the United States. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:150-160. [PMID: 36056574 PMCID: PMC10068504 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221124273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Depression is prevalent among Asian Americans (AsA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and depression often leads to sleep disturbance in this population. The gut microbiota (GM) plays a critical role in mental health and sleep quality, and the composition of the GM is largely unknown among AsA. OBJECTIVES Examine associations of the GM with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance among Chinese and Korean American immigrants. METHODS Depressive symptoms (PROMIS Short Form-Depression) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) were collected via surveys. PROMIS measure T-score > 55 indicates positive depressive symptoms, and a total PSQI score > 5 indicates sleep disturbance. 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene regions were sequenced from fecal specimens to measure GM. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis effect size were applied to examine associations of the GM with symptoms. RESULTS Among 20 participants, 55% (n = 11) reported depressive symptoms and 35% (n = 7) reported sleep disturbance. A higher α-diversity was marginally associated with lower depressive symptoms: Chao1 (r = -0.39, p = 0.09) and Shannon index (r = -0.41, p = 0.08); β-diversity distinguished participants between categories of depressive symptoms (weighted UniFrac, p=0.04) or sleep disturbance (Jaccard, p=0.05). Those with depressive symptoms showed a higher abundance of Actinobacteria, while those without depressive symptoms had a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes. No significant taxa were identified for sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbial diversity showed promising associations with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance among Chinese and Korean immigrants. Specific taxa were identified as associated with depressive symptoms. Future studies with a larger sample size are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Hope
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of
Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natalie Shen
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of
Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hye In Noh
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of
Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vicki S. Hertzberg
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of
Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sangmi Kim
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of
Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of
Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Keum BT, Choi AY. COVID-19 Racism, Depressive Symptoms, Drinking to Cope Motives, and Alcohol Use Severity Among Asian American Emerging Adults. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1591-1601. [PMID: 38603255 PMCID: PMC9353315 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has incited widespread anti-Asian racism, which is linked to numerous behavioral health consequences including depressive symptoms. As racism-induced depressive symptoms are linked to coping-related alcohol use and because alcohol-related problems represent a significant public health concern in this population, we investigated whether COVID-19 racism predicted alcohol use severity through depressive symptoms and drinking to cope motives among Asian American emerging adults (N = 139; Mage = 23.04; 50% women, 50% men). We conducted a serial mediation wherein COVID-19 racism predicted alcohol use severity sequentially through depressive symptoms and drinking to cope motives. COVID-19 racism directly and significantly predicted alcohol use severity. The indirect effect via depressive symptoms and drinking to cope motives was also significant, suggesting that COVID-19 racism is likely a risk factor for alcohol-related problems. Results inform intervention science and highlight the need for policy and behavioral health services to curb COVID-19 racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian TaeHyuk Keum
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Young Choi
- Counseling and Student Development Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, HI, USA
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11
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Yom S, Lor M. Advancing Health Disparities Research: The Need to Include Asian American Subgroup Populations. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:2248-2282. [PMID: 34791615 PMCID: PMC8598103 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recognition that the health outcomes of Asian American subgroups are heterogeneous, research has mainly focused on the six largest subgroups. There is limited knowledge of smaller subgroups and their health outcomes. This scoping review identifies trends in the health outcomes, reveals those which are under-researched, and provide recommendations on data collection with 24 Asian American subgroups. METHODS Our literature search of peer-reviewed English language primary source articles published between 1991 and 2018 was conducted across six databases (Embase, PubMed, Web of Sciences, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Academic Search Complete) and Google Scholar, yielding 3844 articles. After duplicate removal, we independently screened 3413 studies to determine whether they met inclusion criteria. Seventy-six studies were identified for inclusion in this review. Data were extracted on study characteristics, content, and findings. FINDINGS Seventy-six studies met the inclusion criteria. The most represented subgroups were Chinese (n = 74), Japanese (n = 60), and Filipino (n = 60), while Indonesian (n = 1), Malaysian (n = 1), and Burmese (n = 1) were included in only one or two studies. Several Asian American subgroups listed in the 2010 U.S. Census were not represented in any of the studies. Overall, the most studied health conditions were cancer (n = 29), diabetes (n = 13), maternal and infant health (n = 10), and cardiovascular disease (n = 9). Studies showed that health outcomes varied greatly across subgroups. CONCLUSIONS More research is required to focus on smaller-sized subgroup populations to obtain accurate results and address health disparities for all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maichou Lor
- University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI USA
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Sorkhou M, Rashid T, Dere J, Uliaszek A. Psychological Distress in Treatment-Seeking University Students: An Intersectional Examination of Asian Identity and Gender Identity. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2022.2145252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sorkhou
- Addictions Division, Center for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tayyab Rashid
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Dere
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Uliaszek
- Addictions Division, Center for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang W, Jhang J, Greenwell MR. Effects of replay and rehearsal expressive writing on mental health: a randomized controlled trial. J Ment Health 2022; 32:582-591. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2140783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - JhuCin Jhang
- Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
South Asian American (SAA) youth are culturally diverse with respect to migration patterns, language, religion, and social determinants of health. Culturally specific stressors related to family, acculturation, discrimination, and intersectionality converge during developmentally sensitive periods, impacting mental health and identity development. "Model minority" stereotypes and somatic expressions of distress contribute to underdetection and limited perceived need for treatment. SAA families navigate structural barriers, including limited access to culturally tailored services, limited English proficiency, referral bias, and stigma, resulting in underutilization of services. Cultural considerations must be integrated into diagnostic conceptualization and treatment recommendations to effectively engage SAA youth and families in treatment.
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How Income Inequality and Race Concentrate Depression in Low-Income Women in the US; 2005–2016. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081424. [PMID: 36011080 PMCID: PMC9408115 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To estimate the association between income and depressive symptoms in adult women, ages 20 years and older. Methods: Data for this study came from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We measured the presence of depressive symptoms by using a 9-item PHQ (Public Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) and the Poverty to Income Ratio (PIR) as a proxy for income. We employed Negative Binomial Regression (NBRG) and logistic regression models in a sample of 11,420 women. We adjusted models by age, racial/ethnic groups, marital status, education, health insurance, comorbidity, and utilization of mental health professionals. We calculated the Gini Coefficient (GC) as a measure of income inequality, using PIR. Results: Between 2005 and 2016, 20.1% of low-PIR women suffered from depression (PHQ ≥10) compared with 12.0% of women in medium-PIR and 5.0% in high-PIR. The highest probabilities of being depressed were in Black Non-Hispanics (BNH) and Hispanics (12.0%), and then in White NH (WNH; 9.1%). The results of NBRG have shown that women in medium-PIR (0.90 [CI: 0.84–0.97]) and high-PIR 0.76 (CI: 0.70–0.82) had a lower incidence-rate ratio than women in low-PIR. The logistic regression results showed that income is protective in High-PIR groups (OR = 0.56, CI [0.43–0.73]). Conclusion: Policies to treat depression should prioritize the needs of low-income women of all racial groups and women.
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Le TP, Bradshaw BT, Wang MQ, Boekeloo BO. Discomfort in LGBT Community and Psychological Wellbeing for LGBT Asian Americans: The Moderating Role of Racial/Ethnic Identity Importance. ASIAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 13:149-157. [PMID: 35983434 PMCID: PMC9380649 DOI: 10.1037/aap0000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
While past research has examined the deleterious effects of racism on Asian Americans, fewer studies have investigated lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Asian Americans' unique experiences of oppression and unbelonging within the broader LGBT community. Guided by intersectionality and minority stress theoretical frameworks, the present study examined the effect of discomfort due to one's race/ethnicity within the LBGT community on psychological wellbeing in a national sample of 480 LGBT Asian Americans from the Social Justice Sexuality Project. The moderating role of how important one considered their race/ethnicity to their identity was also examined. Regression analyses revealed that greater discomfort due to one's race/ethnicity within the LGBT community was associated with reduced psychological wellbeing for LGBT Asian Americans who viewed their racial/ethnic identity as moderately or highly important, whereas this association was not significant for LGBT Asian Americans who considered their racial/ethnic identity as less important. These findings highlight the necessity of examining the role of racial/ethnic discomfort in relation to LGBT Asian Americans' psychological wellbeing, as well as the extent to which LGBT Asian Americans consider their race/ethnicity as important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Le
- Department of Psychology, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Min Q. Wang
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bradley O. Boekeloo
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Tiwari BB, Zhang D“S. Differences in Mental Health Status Among Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic Study. Health Equity 2022; 6:448-453. [PMID: 35801151 PMCID: PMC9257548 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to explore the differences in mental health status among Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the 2020 Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic (HEAP) Study were used to explore the psychological distress of 2672 adults, using the Standard Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Results: We observed that among Asian American subgroups, South Asian Americans had significantly higher odds of experiencing psychological distress than non-Hispanic White Americans (odds ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence interval = 1.00–3.31), after controlling for covariates. Conclusion: The study identified differences in mental health status among Asian American subgroups. We recommend the implementation of culturally appropriate interventions to help Asian Americans cope with mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplav Babu Tiwari
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Donglan “Stacy” Zhang
- Division of Health Services Research, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
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18
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Islam JY, Awan I, Kapadia F. Social Engagement and Mental Health Symptoms Across Asian American Ethnic Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ethn Dis 2022; 32:131-144. [PMID: 35497396 DOI: 10.18865/ed.32.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine social engagement and mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic across Asian American (AA) ethnic groups. Methods Data from three waves of the nationally representative COVID-19 Household Impact Survey (4/20/2020-6/8/2020) were used to describe social engagement and mental health symptoms during the pandemic. Associations between mental health and social engagement were assessed via multinomial logistic regression. Results In this sample of 312 AAs (36.9% Chinese American, 30.9% South Asian American, 20.1% Filipino/Vietnamese American, and 12.0% Japanese/Korean American), daily communication with neighbors declined for Chinese, South Asian and Filipino/Vietnamese Americans but increased for Japanese/Korean Americans (P=.012) whereas communication with friends/family increased only for Filipino/Vietnamese, Japanese/Korean and South Asian Americans (P<0.001). Differences in self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and hopelessness were observed across AA ethnic groups. In adjusted models, lower social engagement was associated with frequent (3-4 days/week) depressive symptoms during the preceding week (cOR:3.26, 95%CI:1.01-10.5). This association was heightened for Asian men (cOR:14.22, 95%CI:3.62-55.8). Conclusions Heterogeneity of social engagement and mental health symptoms across AA ethnicities was observed. Understanding associations between social engagement and mental health within different communities is necessary to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate mental health treatment and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Islam
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Iman Awan
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Farzana Kapadia
- Grossman School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York City, NY
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Manalo-Pedro E, Sudhinaraset M. Deferred depression? Mediation analysis of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals and immigration enforcement among Undocumented Asian and Pacific Islander students. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101008. [PMID: 35005188 PMCID: PMC8715231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Undocumented Asians and Pacific Islanders (UndocuAPI) comprise 25% of undocumented students. Yet few studies have examined UndocuAPI mental health in the context of the contradictory political environment which encompasses both inclusionary policies, such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), and exclusionary policies, like immigration enforcement. METHODS Using cross-sectional survey data collected in 2019 from UndocuAPI college students and recent alumni in California (n = 174), we used multiple logistic regression to estimate the effect of DACA status on clinical levels of depressive symptoms. We tested whether immigration enforcement experiences mediated this relationship using the Karlson, Holm, and Breen (KHB) method. RESULTS Adjusted logistic regression results revealed that UndocuAPI with DACA had significantly lower odds of depression (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13-0.79). Out of five immigration enforcement factors, limited contact with friends and family (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.13) and fearing deportation most or all of the time (OR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.15, 11.34) were associated with significantly higher odds of depression. However, we did not detect a statistically significant mediation effect of immigration enforcement using KHB decomposition. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the benefits of DACA protected UndocuAPI in California from depressive symptoms, even when accounting for immigration enforcement experiences. Because it was unclear whether immigration enforcement mediates DACA, future research should investigate the underlying mechanisms between immigration policies and mental health with larger samples. Practitioners should consider the short-term need for mental health support and legal services for UndocuAPI students as well as the long-term goal to decriminalize immigrant communities to advance racial health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Manalo-Pedro
- Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - May Sudhinaraset
- Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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20
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Derrick T, Mack W, Palinkas L, Kipke M, Javier JR. Evaluating an Evidence-Based Parenting Intervention Among Filipino Parents: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e21867. [PMID: 35175200 PMCID: PMC8895283 DOI: 10.2196/21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filipino Americans underuse mental health and preventive care services even though studies have indicated that Filipino youth experience high rates of suicidal ideation, substance abuse, and teen pregnancies, whereas adults experience immigration stress, discrimination, and depression. Evidence-based parenting interventions provided in early childhood have proven to be effective in preventing the onset and escalation of child mental health disorders. In a pilot randomized controlled trial, we found that participation in the Incredible Years Basic Parent Training Program (IY) improved parenting stress and positive parenting practices and decreased child internalizing and externalizing symptoms among Filipino families. A fully powered trial is needed to determine the efficacy of IY as a prevention program among Filipino families. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to describe the design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of the web-based IY program among parents recruited from multiple community-based settings and its impact on parenting practices, parenting stress, and child problem behavior among Filipino Americans and describe the impact of COVID-19 on our study protocols. METHODS This study uses a randomized controlled 2-arm individually randomized group treatment pretest-posttest design for 180 parent-child dyads. Individuals are eligible if they are ≥18 years, live in California, and have at least one Filipino child aged 8-12 years. Consenting participants are randomly allocated to receive either the 12-week IY parenting intervention (intervention arm) or American Academy of Pediatrics' Bright Future handouts and placed on a waitlist to receive IY posttrial (waitlist control arm). Primary outcomes include the Parent Practices Interview and the Parenting Stress Index. Secondary outcomes will be measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (completed by parent) and will include child internalizing and externalizing behaviors and total problems. Data are collected at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. RESULTS Changes made to the protocol owing to COVID-19 include administration of surveys remotely and implementation of the intervention on the web. The pandemic has provided an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based version of IY that may improve access and increase use of the intervention. Recruitment and data collection procedures are still ongoing and are expected to be completed by December 2022. CONCLUSIONS Our research will determine whether IY promotes positive parenting practices and prevents child internalizing and externalizing behaviors in healthy but high-risk populations such as Filipino families. It will also uplift cultural narratives and add to the evidence base for web-based parenting programs and their implementation in real-world settings. If found efficacious, IY has the potential to prevent behavioral health disparities in this understudied and high-risk Filipino population and can be scaled, adapted, and implemented in other at-risk racial and ethnic minority communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04031170; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04031170. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/21867.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lawrence Palinkas
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michele Kipke
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Research on Child, Youth, and Families, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joyce Rivera Javier
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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21
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Bai J, Zhang W, Choi D, Kim S. Methodology Considerations in Studying Mental Health, Sleep Quality, and Biopsychosocial Determinants Among Chinese and Korean Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Asian Pac Isl Nurs J 2022; 6:e39760. [PMID: 36186662 PMCID: PMC9511004 DOI: 10.2196/39760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asians are one of the fastest-growing racial groups in the United States. The mental health of Asian Americans, particularly regarding depression and anxiety, needs significant attention. Various biopsychosocial factors interact to influence the risks of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality among Asian Americans. Currently, multiple methodological issues exist in the research of Asian Americans, such as limited data collection using Asian languages and inconsistent reporting of race and ethnicity data, which may be lacking entirely. All these methodological issues in research may account for the seemingly low prevalence rates of mental health problems among Asian Americans. In our study on mental health and sleep quality among Chinese and Korean Americans, we adopted multiple data collection strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic, including using culturally adaptive and validated measures as well as operating culture-sensitive procedures in the recruitment and data collection. The successful use of these strategies could promote early detection and personalized treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance among Asian Americans. These strategies would further improve health care service use in this population. International Registered Report Identifier IRRID RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047281.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta, GA United States
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta, GA United States
| | - Daesung Choi
- Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta, GA United States
| | - Sangmi Kim
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta, GA United States
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22
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Hsu CH, Tung HH, Wu YC, Wei J, Tsay SL. Demoralization syndrome among cardiac transplant recipients. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:2271-2286. [PMID: 34523181 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the characteristics and prevalence of demoralisation syndrome among heart transplantation patients in Taiwan. BACKGROUND Patients with end-stage heart failure who have undergone cardiac transplantation are at risk of demoralisation syndrome. Demoralisation syndrome has been studied in cancer populations, but our understanding of the syndrome among heart transplant recipients is limited. DESIGN AND METHODS The study adopted a cross-sectional design and analysed the baseline data from a longitudinal study with cardiac transplant patients at a heart centre in northern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire, namely the Demoralization Scale-Mandarin Version (DS-MV), was used to assess demoralisation syndrome. Hierarchical regression was applied to determine the predictors of demoralisation. Reporting was consistent with the STROBE checklist. RESULTS There were a total of 84 participants with an average age of 51.9 years and a time since heart transplantation of around 4.1 years. Among them, the prevalence of demoralisation syndrome was 35.8%, and 57.1% coped well with stress. In addition, on the DS-MV, participants tended to choose sentences with positive rather than negative wording. Our data showed that cardiac transplant recipients with stress have higher possibility suffering from demoralisation syndrome; poor renal function and those who cannot relive from stress are predictors for loss of meaning. CONCLUSIONS Chinese individuals tend to hide their weaknesses; nevertheless, demoralisation syndrome among cardiac transplant recipients, as related to stress status and kidney function, is still remarkable. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Since demoralisation is preventable, further research on this phenomenon in the cardiac transplant population is warranted and needs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hwa Hsu
- College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Heart Center of Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsin Tung
- College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jeng Wei
- Heart Center of Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Luan Tsay
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
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23
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Ali SH, Islam T, Pillai S, Kalasapudi L, Mammen S, Inala S, Kalasapudi V, Islam NS, Gunness H. Loneliness and mental health outcomes among South Asian older adult immigrants in the United States: a cross-sectional study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1423-1435. [PMID: 33817827 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing concern of mental health issues among South Asian immigrant populations, although limited disaggregated data on determinants of these issues exists. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with mental health outcomes among South Asian older adult immigrants living in New York City (NYC). METHODS Data were sourced from a needs assessment among self-identified South Asians aged 60+ conducted by an NYC-based frontline agency and nonprofit organization. Variables assessed included the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, degree of difficulty experienced due to depression, loneliness, emotional distress, as well as sociodemographic, living situation, acculturation, general health, and financial related indicators. RESULTS Among the 682 responses, 9.4% of participants displayed symptoms of mild or moderate depression (16% of Caribbean-origin, 10% of Pakistani, 9% of Bangladeshi, and 8% of Indian participants). About a third of participants (29.9%) reported feeling lonely sometimes and 39.1% experienced any type of emotional distress. When compared to those with excellent or very good self-rated health, having fair, poor, or terrible self-rated health was associated with a greater adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of having mild or moderate depression (AOR: 8.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.09) and experiencing emotional distress (AOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.88-4.94). Those experiencing emotional distress were more likely to be younger (AOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-1.00) and live alone (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.53). DISCUSSION Findings support the need for tailored mental health interventions targeting concerns, such as poor self-rated health, among South Asian older adult immigrants, as well as specific subpopulations such as Indo-Caribbeans who may be experiencing a disproportionate burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahmir H Ali
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shinu Mammen
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Nadia S Islam
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Harlem Gunness
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Public Health, St. John's University, New York, USA
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24
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Koh E, Choi GY, Choi S, Cho JY. Korean Immigrants' Perception of Mental Well-Being and Help-Seeking Behaviors. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2021; 46:199-209. [PMID: 34050666 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a study that investigated Korean immigrants' perception of mental well-being and help-seeking behaviors with particular focus on those with mental illness. Participants with probable diagnoses of anxiety or depression were more likely to recognize their mental health problems and their impact than those without such diagnoses. However, many of them did not acknowledge experiencing mental health problems and did not show high likelihood of seeking professional mental health services. The cultural beliefs and the lack of culturally competent mental health services appeared to contribute to the low levels of recognition of mental health problems and also the low rates of mental health service utilization. The participants listed mental health professionals' ability to communicate in the language of their preference, confidentiality, and affordability as significant factors in their decision to seek professional help. The study findings emphasize the great need of mental health educational programs within the Korean immigrant community. The findings also suggest that resources and infrastructures be secured for the provision of culturally competent mental health services for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Koh
- associate professor, National Catholic School of Social Service, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Ga-Young Choi
- professor and bachelor program director, School of Social Work, California State University at Los Angeles
| | - Sam Choi
- associate professor, Department of Social Work, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville
| | - Ji-Young Cho
- executive director, Korean Community Service Center of Greater Washington, Annandale, VA
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25
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Kim S, Zhang W, Pak V, Aqua JK, Hertzberg VS, Spahr CM, Slavich GM, Bai J. How stress, discrimination, acculturation and the gut microbiome affect depression, anxiety and sleep among Chinese and Korean immigrants in the USA: a cross-sectional pilot study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047281. [PMID: 34290066 PMCID: PMC8296781 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although a considerable proportion of Asians in the USA experience depression, anxiety and poor sleep, these health issues have been underestimated due to the model minority myth about Asians, the stigma associated with mental illness, lower rates of treatment seeking and a shortage of culturally tailored mental health services. Indeed, despite emerging evidence of links between psychosocial risk factors, the gut microbiome and depression, anxiety and sleep quality, very few studies have examined how these factors are related in Chinese and Korean immigrants in the USA. The purpose of this pilot study was to address this issue by (a) testing the usability and feasibility of the study's multilingual survey measures and biospecimen collection procedure among Chinese and Korean immigrants in the USA and (b) examining how stress, discrimination, acculturation and the gut microbiome are associated with depression, anxiety and sleep quality in this population. METHOD AND ANALYSIS This is a cross-sectional pilot study among first and second generations of adult Chinese and Korean immigrants in the greater Atlanta area (Georgia, USA). We collected (a) gut microbiome samples and (b) data on psychosocial risk factors, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance using validated, online surveys in English, Chinese and Korean. We aim to recruit 60 participants (30 Chinese, 30 Korean). We will profile participants' gut microbiome using 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing data, which will be analysed by QIIME 2. Associations of the gut microbiome and psychosocial factors with depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear regression. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Emory University (IRB ID: STUDY00000935). Results will be made available to Chinese and Korean community members, the funder and other researchers and the broader scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Kim
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Data Science, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria Pak
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jasmine Ko Aqua
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vicki Stover Hertzberg
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Data Science, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chandler M Spahr
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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26
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Ochnik D, Rogowska AM, Kuśnierz C, Jakubiak M, Schütz A, Held MJ, Arzenšek A, Benatov J, Berger R, Korchagina EV, Pavlova I, Blažková I, Konečná Z, Aslan I, Çınar O, Cuero-Acosta YA, Wierzbik-Strońska M. A Comparison of Depression and Anxiety among University Students in Nine Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2882. [PMID: 34209619 PMCID: PMC8269122 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mental health of young adults, particularly students, is at high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in mental health between university students in nine countries during the pandemic. The study encompassed 2349 university students (69% female) from Colombia, the Czech Republic (Czechia), Germany, Israel, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants underwent the following tests: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Exposure to COVID-19 (EC-19), Perceived Impact of Coronavirus (PIC) on students' well-being, Physical Activity (PA), and General Self-Reported Health (GSRH). The one-way ANOVA showed significant differences between countries. The highest depression and anxiety risk occurred in Turkey, the lowest depression in the Czech Republic and the lowest anxiety in Germany. The χ2 independence test showed that EC-19, PIC, and GSRH were associated with anxiety and depression in most of the countries, whereas PA was associated in less than half of the countries. Logistic regression showed distinct risk factors for each country. Gender and EC-19 were the most frequent predictors of depression and anxiety across the countries. The role of gender and PA for depression and anxiety is not universal and depends on cross-cultural differences. Students' mental health should be addressed from a cross-cultural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland;
| | | | - Cezary Kuśnierz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
| | - Monika Jakubiak
- Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Astrid Schütz
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, 96047 Bamberg, Germany; (A.S.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Marco J. Held
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, 96047 Bamberg, Germany; (A.S.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Ana Arzenšek
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6101 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Joy Benatov
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Rony Berger
- The Center for Compassionate Mindful Education, Tel Aviv 69106, Israel;
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elena V. Korchagina
- Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Ivana Blažková
- Department of Regional and Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeňka Konečná
- Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Imran Aslan
- Health Management Department, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Orhan Çınar
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı 04000, Turkey
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Mirza MA, Jung SJ, Sun W, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Association of depression and alopecia areata in women: A prospective study. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1296-1298. [PMID: 34128269 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish A Mirza
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Amiri S. Prevalence of depression disorder in industrial workers: a meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:1624-1635. [PMID: 33843494 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1912448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Depression is known to be associated with a variety of occupational factors. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze the prevalence of depressive disorder in industrial workers. Methods. Three databases indexing abstracts of articles were selected and searched until August 2020: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. For each study, the sample size and number of depression events were extracted, and after extracting these data, the random effects method was used to assess the prevalence. I2 and χ2 values were used to investigate the heterogeneity. Results. The prevalence of depressive disorder in industrial workers is 21%. The prevalence of depressive disorder in men and women industrial workers is 23 and 28%, respectively. The prevalence of depressive disorder in Asia, Europe and America is equal to 22, 18 and 20%, respectively. The result of the heterogeneity test showed that the heterogeneity is high. Conclusion. The prevalence of depression in industrial workers is higher than in the general population. These differences can be due to the working conditions of industrial workers. Therefore, the work environment and the promotion of occupational health can play an important role in preventing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Park M, Nari F, Kang SH, Jang SI, Park EC. Association between Living with Patients with Dementia and Family Caregivers' Depressive Symptoms-Living with Dementia Patients and Family Caregivers' Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084372. [PMID: 33924107 PMCID: PMC8074314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression among family caregivers is becoming an increasingly important issue due to a growing elderly population. This study aimed to examine the association of living with a patient with dementia and family caregivers' depressive symptoms, among Korean adults. This study used the data of 371,287 participants after excluding those who indicated having dementia themselves from the Korea Community Health Survey of 2018-2019. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The rates of spouse caregivers having depressive symptoms were 9.4% and 10.8% among men and women, respectively. The odds ratio for risk of depressive symptoms among male and female spouse caregivers in comparison to non-caregivers was 2.65 and 2.28, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the highest income group was associated with risk of depressive symptoms, with an odds ratio of 4.28 for men, and 3.02 for women. Having a patient with dementia in the family was significantly associated with family caregivers' depressive symptoms. In particular, when the patient with dementia was a spouse, both women and men were likely to have depressive symptoms. To reduce the burden of caregivers, we need management policies and interventions for family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.P.); (F.N.); (S.H.K.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Fatima Nari
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.P.); (F.N.); (S.H.K.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Soo Hyun Kang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.P.); (F.N.); (S.H.K.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1862; Fax: +82-2-392-8133
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Yang D, Oral E, Kim J, Craft T, Moore MB. Depression and Perceived Social Support in Asian American Medical Students. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1040-1050. [PMID: 33876407 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent data reported that 21.5% of medical students in the United States of America (USA) are Asian American (AA). With the growing focus on developing medical school wellness programs, authors conducted a systematic, nationwide survey to assess prevalence of depression among AA medical students with a focus on disaggregating the AA population. METHODS A survey tool comprised of PHQ-9 and depression history, and questions on social support were emailed to members of the Asian Pacific American Medical Students Association enrolled in a USA medical school during the 2016-2017 academic year. Participants were grouped as East Asian American (EAA), Southeast Asian American (SEAA), and South Asian American (SAA). We evaluated associations between depression and regional ethnicity, depression history, and perceived support. RESULTS A total of 457 AA medical students were surveyed. SAA medical students were more likely to endorse symptoms of depression than EAA students. Students who identified as female were more likely to endorse symptoms of depression than their male-identifying counterparts. There was no significant relationship between students' perception of the support they received and their depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Medical school administration should be aware of the unique needs of the heterogeneous population that comprises AA medical students. SAA students and those who identify as female are more likely to endorse symptoms of depression than their AA counterparts. Further research must be done to evaluate the factors that influence the mental health needs of AA medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evrim Oral
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jasmine Kim
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Timothy Craft
- Violence Prevention Institute, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michelle B Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Kim HJ, Park H, Juon HS. The Mediating Role of Pain Catastrophizing on the Association Between Depression and Pain Severity and Interference Among Elderly Asian Immigrants with Chronic Pain. J Pain Res 2021; 14:737-745. [PMID: 33737831 PMCID: PMC7966355 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s304440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The association between depression and chronic pain is well established. However, few studies have examined the pathways from depression to chronic pain. The present cross-cultural study aimed to test the mediating effects of pain catastrophizing on associations between depression and chronic pain (eg, pain severity, pain intensity) among Korean American elderly. Patients and Methods A total of 132 elderly Korean Americans with chronic pain were recruited from elderly daycare centers and Korean ethnic churches in the community. For mediation analyses, structural equation modeling with full information maximum likelihood estimation method was used. The bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (CI) method for inferential tests of the indirect effects was also conducted in mediation analysis. Results The results indicated that the proportion of comorbid depression and chronic pain was 45.7%. Elderly Korean Americans with depression scored higher in pain severity, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing than those without depression. Pain catastrophizing was found to have a significant mediating effect on the relationship between depression and pain severity (indirect effect = 0.147, Bootstrap 95% CI = [0.079, 0.226]), controlling for demographic covariates, comorbidities and pain area. Pain catastrophizing also mediated the relationship between depression and pain interference (indirect effect =0.164, Bootstrap 95% CI = [0.097, 0.244]), controlling for the covariates. Conclusion These findings add to the literature by providing evidence that pain catastrophizing plays a role in high levels of pain severity and pain interference comorbid chronic pain and depression in Asian elderly immigrants. Appropriate culturally tailored programs to redirect pain catastrophizing cognitive process should be developed and provided for elderly Asian Americans to reduce chronic pain disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Kim
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Park
- Department of Nursing, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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The prevalence of depression in adult onset idiopathic dystonia: Systematic review and metaanalysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:221-230. [PMID: 33662441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult onset idiopathic dystonia (AOID) is the third most common movement disorder in adults. Co-existing depressive symptoms and disorders represent major contributors of disability and quality of life in these patients, but their prevalence remains unclear. We investigated the point prevalence of supra-clinical threshold depressive symptoms/depressive disorders in AOID in a systematic review with qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Our search identified 60 articles suitable for qualitative synthesis and 54 for meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of either supra-clinical threshold depressive symptoms or depressive disorders was 31.5 % for cervical dystonia, 29.2 % for cranial dystonia, and 33.6 % for clinical samples with mixed forms of AOID. Major depressive disorder was more prevalent than dysthymia in cervical dystonia, whereas dysthymia was more prevalent in cranial dystonia. In cervical dystonia, the prevalence of supra-clinical threshold depressive symptoms screened by rating scales was higher than that of depressive disorders diagnosed with structured interviews. Prevalence studies using rating scales yielded higher heterogeneity. More research is warranted to standardize screening methodology and characterization of mood disorders in AOID.
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Choi Y, Park M, Lee JP, Lee M. Explaining the Asian American Youth Paradox: Universal Factors versus Asian American Family Process Among Filipino and Korean American Youth. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1818-1836. [PMID: 32153020 PMCID: PMC9222425 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study used longitudinal survey data of Filipino American and Korean American youth to examine ways in which universal factors (e.g., peer antisocial behaviors and parent-child conflict) and Asian American (AA) family process variables (e.g., gendered norms) independently and collectively predict grade point average (GPA), externalizing, and internalizing problems. We aimed to explain the "Asian American youth paradox" in which low externalizing problems and high GPA coexist with high internalizing problems. We found that universal factors were extensively predictive of youth problems and remained robust when AA family process was accounted for. AA family process also independently explained youth development and, in part, the AA youth paradox. For example, gendered norms increased mental distress. Academic controls did the opposite of what it is intended, that is, had a negative impact on GPA as well as other developmental domains. Family obligation, assessed by family-centered activities and helping out, was beneficial to both externalizing and internalizing youth outcomes. Parental implicit affection, one of the distinct traits of AA parenting, was beneficial, particularly for GPA. This study provided important empirical evidence that can guide cross-cultural parenting and meaningfully inform intervention programs for AA youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsun Choi
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Park
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeanette Park Lee
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mina Lee
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Ali SH, Yi SS, Wyatt LC, Misra S, Kwon SC, Trinh-Shevrin C, Islam NS. Neighborhood social cohesion and disease prevention in Asian immigrant populations. Prev Med 2020; 141:106298. [PMID: 33148519 PMCID: PMC7581417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the United States (US), chronic disease risk factors are highly prevalent among Asian immigrant communities, who also exhibit low health screening rates. Perceived neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) has been associated with preventive healthcare use in the general US population, although it remains unexplored among Asian Americans (AAs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between NSC and preventive screening for hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and depression among East, South and Southeast Asian American (EAA, SAA, SEAA) communities in New York City (NYC) using cross-sectional, locally collected data from 2013 to 2016. NSC was assessed using a 4-question scale to create an additive score between 4 and 16 and was analyzed both as a continuous and categorial variable (High, Medium, and Low tertiles). Recent screening was defined as a check-up within the last year for each of the included health conditions. A one-unit increase in NSC score was associated with increased odds of recent screening for high cholesterol in EAAs (AOR = 1.09, 95%CI:1.00-1.20); for high cholesterol, diabetes, and depression in SAAs (AOR = 1.08, 95%CI:1.00-1.20; AOR = 1.07, 95%CI:1.00-1.15; AOR = 1.15, 95%CI:1.06-1.25); and with high cholesterol among SEAAs (AOR = 1.12, 95%CI:1.00-1.25). Overall, NSC was an important facilitator for preventive screening behaviors for specific conditions in different groups, though was consistently associated with screening for high cholesterol in our sample. Enhancing NSC through family and community-based programming may be one strategy to encourage screening for preventive behaviors, though more research is needed to elucidate a precise mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahmir H Ali
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Stella S Yi
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura C Wyatt
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Supriya Misra
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Simona C Kwon
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadia S Islam
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Lee J, Donlan W, Carder P, Grover L, Hwang I, Kim Y, Luhr G. Public Housing With Services for Older Adults With Developmental Disabilities: Differences in Efficacy Among Asian and White Communities. JOURNAL OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26892618.2020.1846104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Lee
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William Donlan
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paula Carder
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Leigh Grover
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Insik Hwang
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Younghwan Kim
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gretchen Luhr
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
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Attal JH, Lurie I, Neumark Y. A rapid assessment of migrant careworkers' psychosocial status during Israel's COVID-19 lockdown. Isr J Health Policy Res 2020; 9:61. [PMID: 33138855 PMCID: PMC7605873 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-020-00422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Israel hosts nearly 70,000 migrant careworkers. Migrant careworkers work and live with populations extremely vulnerable to the novel Coronavirus, including the elderly and people with pre-existing physical conditions. This rapid assessment aimed to explore psychosocial status and mental wellbeing of migrant careworkers in Israel during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and determine risk and protective factors associated with mental distress, anxiety, and depression. METHODS This quantitative study was conducted via an online survey. The online survey collected social and demographic data, including country of origin, residence, age, sex, and time in Israel. In addition, questions were asked about knowledge of COVID-19 guidelines, access to supplies, and COVID-related racism. Respondents also completed a psychosocial screening tools, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL-10), which was used to screen for depression and anxiety. RESULTS As of May 3rd, 2020, 307 careworkers responded to the online survey, of whom 120 (39.1%) were found symptomatic using the HSCL-10. Separating the HSCL-10 into subscales, 28.0% were symptomatically anxious, and 38.1% were symptomatic for depression. In multivariate regression, emotional distress was associated with household food insecurity (OR: 5.85; p < 0.001), lack of confidence to care for oneself and employer during the pandemic (OR: 3.85; p < 0.001), poorer general health (OR: 2.98; p < 0.003), non-Philippine country of origin (OR: 2.83; p < 0.01), female sex (OR: 2.34; p < 0.04),, and inversely associated with age (p < 0.03). While 87.6% of careworkers reported having access to hand sanitization materials regularly, only 58.0% had regular access to a medical grade mask, and 21.5% reported household food insecurity. Moreover, 40.0% of careworkers claimed to lack confidence to care for themselves and their employer during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Migrant careworkers exhibited high levels of mental distress during the COVID-19 lockdown, associated with lack of confidence or resources to properly care for themselves and their employer. Guidelines and support programs specific to the carework sector, that respect their rights and guard their health, must be developed as part of a coordinated COVID-19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hannink Attal
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ido Lurie
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod HaSharon, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Neumark
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Ettman CK, Cohen GH, Abdalla SM, Galea S. Do assets explain the relation between race/ethnicity and probable depression in U.S. adults? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239618. [PMID: 33006988 PMCID: PMC7531850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability in the U.S. across all race/ethnicity groups. While non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons have worse physical health on most indicators than non-Hispanic White persons, the literature on the association between race/ethnicity and rates of depression is mixed. Given unequal distribution of assets across racial/ethnic groups, it is possible that social and economic differences may explain differential rates of depression across race/ethnicity groups. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007–2016, we constructed a nationally representative sample of 26,382 adults over 18 years old (11,072 non-Hispanic White, 5,610 non-Hispanic Black, 6,981 Hispanic, and 2,719 Other race). We measured symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a score of 10 or more indicating probable depression. We identified three kinds of assets: financial assets (income), physical assets (home ownership), and social assets (marital status and education). We estimated the weighted prevalence of probable depression across race/ethnicity groups, odds ratios controlling for assets, and predicted probabilities of probable depression across race/ethnicity and asset groups. Three results contribute to our understanding of the differences in probable depression rates between race/ethnicity groups: 1) Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons had a higher weighted prevalence of probable depression in the U.S. than non-Hispanic White persons. In models unadjusted for assets, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons had 1.3 greater odds of probable depression than non-Hispanic White persons (p<0.01). 2) We found an inverse relation between assets and probable depression across all race-ethnicity groups. Also, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons had fewer assets than non-Hispanic Whites. 3) When we controlled for assets, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons had 0.8 times lower odds of probable depression than non-Hispanic White persons (p<0.05). Thus, when holding assets constant, minorities had better mental health than non-Hispanic White persons in the U.S. These three findings help to reconcile findings in the literature on race/ethnicity and depression. Given vastly unequal distribution of wealth in the U.S., it is not surprising that racial minorities, who hold fewer assets, would have an overall larger prevalence of mental illness, as seen in unadjusted estimates. Once assets are taken into account, Black and Hispanic persons appear to have better mental health than non-Hispanic White persons. Assets may explain much of the relation between race/ethnicity group and depression in the U.S. Future research should consider the role of assets in protecting against mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine K. Ettman
- Office of the Dean, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gregory H. Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, NYC, New York, United States of America
| | - Salma M. Abdalla
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sandro Galea
- Office of the Dean, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Bernstein K, Lee YM, Gona PN, Han S, Kim S, Kim SS. Depression, Depression Literacy, and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Korean Americans: A Preliminary Investigation. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:547-557. [PMID: 33001360 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the rapid growth in the number of Korean Americans (KAs) and the alarmingly high prevalence of depression in this population, relatively little is known about the impact of depression literacy on KAs' depression. This study investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms among a community-based sample of KA adults; the associations among socio-demographic characteristics, depression literacy, and depressive symptoms; and predictors related to depressive symptoms. A sample of 600 KAs completed depression and depression literacy scales, as well as socio-demographic questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted to assess the association between depressive symptoms, depression literacy, and the covariates. Forty-five percent of participants showed elevated depressive symptoms. Marital status, attained educational level, perceived mental health, and depression literacy were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in this population, future research should investigate the causal relationships of various predictors of depression and depression literacy, which will facilitate the development of culturally-appropriate interventions and policies concerning mental health for KAs, and early mental health screening for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunsook Bernstein
- Hunter College, School of Nursing, City University of New York, 425 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Young-Me Lee
- School of Nursing At DePaul University, 990 W. Fullerton Ave., Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Philmon N Gona
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - ShinHi Han
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, NY, 11101, USA
| | - Soonsik Kim
- Korean Community Services of Metropolitan New York, 2 West 32nd St. Suite 604, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - Sun S Kim
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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Lee M, Bhimla A, Ma GX. Depressive Symptom Severity and Immigration-Related Characteristics in Asian American Immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 22:935-945. [PMID: 32221768 PMCID: PMC7442700 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study examined immigration factors associated with depressive symptom severity among Asian American immigrants. Participants were 458 Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese adults. Depressive symptom severity was measured by PHQ-9. Overall, the likelihood of being moderately to severely depressed was significantly increased among immigrants living in the US for < 10 years and Korean Americans compared to Chinese Americans. However, mild level of depressive symptoms was not associated with any immigration-related factors. The positive impact of shorter duration of living in the US and a younger age at immigration (≤ 17) on depressive symptoms was evident among women but not among men. For men, marital status and education level were significant predictors of being moderately to severely depressed. Differentiating immigrant factors and identifying depressive symptom severity can help drive community and clinical interventions to detect and treat depression early among Asian American immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Lee
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Aisha Bhimla
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace X Ma
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3440 N Broad St., Kresge Bldg, Ste. 325, Philadelphia, PA, 19140-4106, USA
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Misra S, Wyatt LC, Wong JA, Huang CY, Ali SH, Trinh-Shevrin C, Islam NS, Yi SS, Kwon SC. Determinants of Depression Risk among Three Asian American Subgroups in New York City. Ethn Dis 2020; 30:553-562. [PMID: 32989355 DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Although the fastest growing minority group, Asian Americans receive little attention in mental health research. Moreover, aggregated data mask further diversity within Asian Americans. This study aimed to examine depression risk by detailed Asian American subgroup, and further assess determinants within and between three Asian ethnic subgroups. Methods Needs assessment surveys were collected in 16 Asian American subgroups (six Southeast Asian, six South Asian, and four East Asian) in New York City from 2013-2016 using community-based sampling strategies. A final sample of N=1,532 completed the PHQ-2. Bivariate comparisons and multivariable logistic models explored differences in depression risk by subgroup. Results Southeast Asians had the greatest depression risk (19%), followed by South Asians (11%) and East Asians (9%). Among Southeast Asians, depression risk was associated with lacking health insurance (OR=.2, 95% CI: 0-.6), not having a provider who speaks the same language (OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.3-8.0), and lower neighborhood social cohesion (OR= .94, 95% CI: .71-.99). Among South Asians, depression risk was associated with greater English proficiency (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.6-9.2); and among East Asians, depression risk was associated with ≤ high school education (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.2-14.3). Additionally, among Southeast Asians and South Asians, the highest depression risk was associated with high levels of discrimination (Southeast Asian: OR=9.9, 95% CI: 1.8-56.2; South Asian: OR=7.3, 95% CI: 3.3-16.2). Conclusions Depression risk and determinants differed by Asian American ethnic subgroup. Identifying factors associated with depression risk among these groups is key to targeting limited public health resources for these underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Misra
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Laura C Wyatt
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer A Wong
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cindy Y Huang
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Shahmir H Ali
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Nadia S Islam
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stella S Yi
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Simona C Kwon
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Kim G, Wang SY, Park S, Yun SW. Mental Health of Asian American Older Adults: Contemporary Issues and Future Directions. Innov Aging 2020; 4:igaa037. [PMID: 33274302 PMCID: PMC7691797 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the increased attention to older Asian Americans due to their increasing numbers in the United States, this article aims to provide a collective appraisal of older Asian American mental health issues by reviewing trends in older Asian American mental health research over the past 2 decades. This review article provides an overview of the current state of mental health and care research on older Asian Americans and vital factors associated with older Asian American mental health and care. We also identify gaps in current research on Asian American mental health issues and propose 5 potential areas for future research into which gerontologists need to put more effort during the next decade. Ways to reduce disparities in mental health and improve the quality of mental health of older Asian Americans are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyeon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang
University, Seoul, South
Korea
| | - Sylvia Y Wang
- Department of Psychology, Misericordia
University, Dallas, Pennsylvania
| | - Soohyun Park
- Department of Psychology, The University of
Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | - Stacy W Yun
- Department of Psychology, University of
Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Factors Influencing Formal and Informal Resource Utilization for Mental Distress Among Korean Americans in Southern California. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:528-535. [PMID: 32681495 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of mental distress in the Korean American (KA) community, KAs continue to have significantly lower rates of professional mental health utilization than the general U.S. population, making it increasingly critical to study factors related to such utilization. A total of 243 surveys were collected at Korean churches of various denominations in the greater Los Angeles area. This cross sectional study examined KAs' resource utilization using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use as a multi-level theoretical framework. Level of education and employment status significantly predicted professional health service utilization. Informal resource utilization was significantly influenced by gender, attitudes toward professional mental health services, acculturation, and views of God and religion. Future studies should further explore which types of interventions or resources would be most effective for KAs to decrease their high levels of mental distress based on their unique intersections and cultural realities.
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Kim JH, Silverstein M. Are Filial Piety and Ethnic Community Engagement Associated With Psychological Wellbeing Among Older Chinese American Immigrants? A Cultural Resource Perspective. Res Aging 2020; 43:63-73. [DOI: 10.1177/0164027520937477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research examined whether perceived receipt of filial piety from adult children and ethnic community engagement—two major ethnocultural resources—were associated with psychological wellbeing of older Chinese American immigrants. Analyses used data from the PINE study, a sample of older Chinese adults in Chicago. Tobit regression revealed that elders who received more filial piety and visited community centers experienced less loneliness and depression than their counterparts did. Tests of interactions showed that community center visits moderated the negative relationship between perceived filial piety and depression. Results suggest the importance of community engagement for diminishing depressive symptoms in older Chinese American immigrants, particularly those with culturally weak intergenerational ties. Discussion centers on how visiting community centers in ethnically dense neighborhoods compensates for unfulfilled filial piety expectations by protecting the mental health of minority elders within a rapidly growing and acculturating immigrant population.
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Misra S, Le PD, Goldmann E, Yang LH. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY 2020; 12:461-464. [PMID: 32525390 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is linked to a rise in stigma and discrimination against Chinese and other Asians, which is likely to have a negative impact on mental health, especially when combined with additional outbreak-related stressors. We discuss the need to consider the potential harms of these anti-Asian sentiments during both the height of the pandemic and longer-term recovery through (a) research-examining how it affects mental health and recovery; (b) practice-implementing evidence-based stigma reduction initiatives; and (c) policy-coordinating federal response to anti-Asian racism including investment in mental health services and community-based efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Misra
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - PhuongThao D Le
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Emily Goldmann
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University
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Hooker K, Phibbs S, Irvin VL, Mendez-Luck CA, Doan LN, Li T, Turner S, Choun S. Depression Among Older Adults in the United States by Disaggregated Race and Ethnicity. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 59:886-891. [PMID: 30561600 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES As the population becomes increasingly diverse, it is important to understand the prevalence of depression across a racially and ethnically diverse older population. The purpose of this study was to compare rates of depression by age and disaggregated racial and ethnic groups to inform practitioners and target resource allocation to high risk groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Health Outcomes Survey, Cohorts 15 and 16, a national and annual survey of a racially diverse group of adults aged 65 and older who participate in Medicare Advantage plans (N = 175,956). Depression was operationalized by the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2); we estimated a logistic regression model and adjusted standard errors to account for 403 Medicare Advantage Organizations. RESULTS Overall, 10.2% of the sample (n = 17,957) reported a PHQ-2 score of 3 or higher, indicative of a positive screen for depression. After adjusting for covariates, odds of screening positively for depression were higher among participants self-reporting as Mexican (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19), Puerto Rican (OR = 1.46), Cuban (OR = 1.57), another Hispanic/Latino (OR = 1.29), and multiple Hispanic/Latino (OR = 1.84) ethnicities, compared with non-Hispanic whites. Odds were also higher among participants reporting that their race was black/African American (OR = 1.20), Asian Indian (OR = 1.67), Filipino (OR = 1.30), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (OR = 1.82), or two or more races (OR = 1.50), compared with non-Hispanic whites. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Prevalence varied greatly across segments of the population, suggesting that certain racial/ethnic groups are at higher risk than others. These disparities should inform distribution of health care resources; efforts to educate and ameliorate depression should be culturally targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hooker
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Sandi Phibbs
- Department of Health Science and Recreation, College of Health and Human Sciences, San Jose State University, California
| | - Veronica L Irvin
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Carolyn A Mendez-Luck
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Lan N Doan
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Tao Li
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Shelbie Turner
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Soyoung Choun
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
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Choi Y, Park M, Noh S, Lee JP, Takeuchi D. Asian American mental health: Longitudinal trend and explanatory factors among young Filipino- and Korean Americans. SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100542. [PMID: 32021900 PMCID: PMC6994703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined a longitudinal trend of mental health among young Asian Americans during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood and investigated explanatory factors of the trend. METHOD We longitudinally followed a cohort of Filipino American and Korean American youth and their families in Midwest since 2014 (N = 1,574 in Wave 1). This study used three waves of youth data (n = 781, M AGE = 15 in W1). RESULTS Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation significantly increased among the samples between 2014 and 2018, which also became more serious in severity. Intergenerational cultural conflict in the family and the experience of racial discrimination significantly contributed to the upsurge of mental health distress. Conversely, a strong peer relationship and ethnic identity were critical resources suppressing both depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS This study substantiated a troubling upward trend in mental health struggles among young Asian Americans and demonstrated a significant additive influence of culture and race/ethnicity on mental health beyond the normative influences of family process and peers. These key factors should be targeted in intervention to better serve Asian American young people who may mask their internal struggles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsun Choi
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Park
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel Noh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeanette Park Lee
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Takeuchi
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Garcia ME, Hinton L, Gregorich SE, Livaudais-Toman J, Kaplan C, Karliner L. Unmet Mental Health Need Among Chinese and Latino Primary Care Patients: Intersection of Ethnicity, Gender, and English Proficiency. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:1245-1251. [PMID: 31667737 PMCID: PMC7174511 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic minorities who present with mental health symptoms in primary care are less likely to receive treatment than non-Hispanic whites; language barriers may magnify this disparity. OBJECTIVE We examined the contributions of ethnicity, gender, and English proficiency to unmet mental health need. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Chinese and Latino primary care patients with a preferred language of English, Cantonese, Mandarin, or Spanish. MAIN MEASURES Participants were interviewed within 1 week of a primary care visit and asked whether in the prior year they (1) needed help with emotional or mental health symptoms and (2) had seen a primary care physician or a mental health professional for these symptoms. Among those who reported "mental health need," we defined "unmet mental health need" as no reported use of services for these symptoms. Regression models explored independent and interaction effects among ethnicity, gender, and English proficiency, on the two outcomes. KEY RESULTS Among 1149 participants (62% women; 262 Chinese, with English proficiency [EP], 532 Chinese, with limited English proficiency [LEP], 172 Latino with EP; and 183 Latino with LEP), 33% reported mental health need. Among Chinese, but not Latino, participants, those with LEP were more likely than those with EP to report mental health need (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.73-3.76). Women were more likely to report mental health need than men (AOR 1.35, 1.03-1.79) regardless of ethnicity or English proficiency. Among participants reporting mental health need, 41% had unmet mental health need. Men with LEP, compared with those with EP, were more likely to have unmet mental health need regardless of ethnicity (AOR 2.53, 1.06-6.04). CONCLUSIONS We found high levels of mental health symptoms and unmet mental health need in both Chinese and Latino primary care patients. These results affirm the need to implement depression screening and targeted treatment interventions for patient subgroups at highest risk of untreated symptoms, such as men with LEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Garcia
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Division of General Internal Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ladson Hinton
- Latino Aging Research Resource Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Gregorich
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Livaudais-Toman
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celia Kaplan
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leah Karliner
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Oshvandi K, Khatiban M, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Razavi M. The prevalence of depression in patients living with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1243-1252. [PMID: 32172313 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common disorder in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). There are a variety of studies estimated the prevalence of depression in these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression in patients with ICD. METHODS In the present study, we conducted a systematic review of studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Medline, and EMBASE without any time filtration to obtain studies investigated the prevalence of depression in patients with ICD. Search terms consisted of "Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator(s)" in combination with "depression," "depressive," "prevalence," "implanted cardioverter," "implantable," and "implantable defibrillator." RESULTS We identified 15 relevant studies, comprising data from 10,182 patients with ICD from whom 2400 (23.58%) (95% CI, 15.36-31.79) had depression. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depression among middle-aged patients (28.58% with confidence interval of 95%, 21.51-35.65) was higher than elderly patients (22.23% with confidence interval of 95%, 11.21-33.24) and it was not significantly correlated with the mean age of samples (P = 0.255), sample size (P = 0.686), and the publication date (P = 0.784), although there was a significant correlation between the prevalence of depression and the quality of articles so that the prevalence was decreasing with an increase in the quality (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION Around 1 in 4 patients with ICD (23.58%) experiences depression progression after an ICD placement. This prevalence is comparable to that in the general population, and close to that of the patients with common chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodayar Oshvandi
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khatiban
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Clinical Care Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razavi
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Nursing and Midwifery School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. Shahid Fahmideh, Hamadan, Iran.
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49
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An JY, Moon H, Cha S. Health literacy, depression, and stress among Chinese immigrants in South Korea. Public Health Nurs 2019; 36:603-614. [PMID: 31240741 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined health literacy, depression, and stress in Chinese immigrants living in South Korea, and analyzed factors related to these outcomes. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. SAMPLE Participants were 128 adult Chinese immigrants living in the Jung-gu District of Seoul, South Korea. The majority of the participants were women and in their 40s; had a high school diploma; and were employed and married. Most had lived in Korea for 5-10 years. MEASUREMENTS Outcome variables were health literacy, depression, and immigrant stress; independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics, language proficiency, health, and behavioral factors. Hierarchical multiple regression models based on the conceptual framework were tested. RESULTS The major factor influencing health literacy was perceived economic status (p = 0.021). The factors related to depression were life satisfaction in China (p = 0.032), life satisfaction in Korea (p = 0.040), and stress perception in everyday life (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS As the number of immigrants rises, there is increasing demand for public-health-center-based health promotion programs for immigrants. It is recommended that local public health practitioners, including public health nurses, closely analyze the characteristics of their community and immigrants, and develop and implement customized programs accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young An
- Azwie Foundation, Mt. Laurel, New Jersey.,School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Hyunjung Moon
- Department of Nursing, Far East University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Sunkyung Cha
- Department of Nursing Science, Sunmoon University, Chungnam, Korea
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50
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Kim HJ, Greenspan JD, Ohrbach R, Fillingim RB, Maixner W, Renn CL, Johantgen M, Zhu S, Dorsey SG. Racial/ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity and associated factors - Cardiovascular responsiveness and psychological status. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215534. [PMID: 30998733 PMCID: PMC6472780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the contributions of psychological status and cardiovascular responsiveness to racial/ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity. The baseline measures of 3,159 healthy individuals-non-Hispanic white (NHW): 1,637, African-American (AA): 1,012, Asian: 299, and Hispanic: 211-from the OPPERA prospective cohort study were used. Cardiovascular responsiveness measures and psychological status were included in structural equation modeling based mediation analyses. Pain catastrophizing was a significant mediator for the associations between race/ethnicity and heat pain tolerance, heat pain ratings, heat pain aftersensations, mechanical cutaneous pain ratings and aftersensations, and mechanical cutaneous pain temporal summation for both Asians and AAs compared to NHWs. HR/MAP index showed a significant inconsistent (mitigating) mediating effect on the association between race/ethnicity (AAs vs. NHWs) and heat pain tolerance. Similarly, coping inconsistently mediated the association between race/ethnicity and mechanical cutaneous pain temporal summation in both AAs and Asians, compared to NHWs. The factor encompassing depression, anxiety, and stress was a significant mediator for the associations between race/ethnicity (Asians vs. NHWs) and heat pain aftersensations. Thus, while pain catastrophizing mediated racial/ethnic differences in many of the QST measures, the psychological and cardiovascular mediators were distinctly restrictive, signifying multiple independent mechanisms in racial/ethnic differences in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Kim
- Department of Nursing, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joel D. Greenspan
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, and Brotman Facial Pain Clinic, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard Ohrbach
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Roger B. Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry & Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cynthia L. Renn
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meg Johantgen
- Organizational Systems and Adult Health Department, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shijun Zhu
- Organizational Systems and Adult Health Department, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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