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Liu X, Li Y, Gao Y, El Wakil A, Moussian B, Zhang J. RNA interference-mediated silencing of coat protein II (COPII) genes affects the gut homeostasis and cuticle development in Locusta migratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131137. [PMID: 38537854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The coat protein II (COPII) complex consists of five primary soluble proteins, namely the small GTP-binding protein Sar1, the inner coat Sec23/Sec24 heterodimers, and the outer coat Sec13/Sec31 heterotetramers. COPII is essential for cellular protein and lipid trafficking through cargo sorting and vesicle formation at the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the roles of COPII assembly genes remain unknown in insects. In present study, we identified five COPII assembly genes (LmSar1, LmSec23, LmSec24, LmSec13 and LmSec31) in Locusta migratoria. RT-qPCR results revealed that these genes showed different expression patterns in multiple tissues and developmental days of fifth-instar nymphs. Injection of double-stranded RNA against each LmCOPII gene induced a high RNAi efficiency, and considerably suppressed feeding, and increased mortality to 100 %. Results from the micro-sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining of midguts showed that the brush border was severely damaged and the number of columnar cells was significantly reduced in dsLmCOPII-injected nymphs, as compared with the control. The dilated endoplasmic reticulum phenotype of columnar cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR results further indicated that silencing any of the five genes responsible for COPII complex assembly repressed the expression of genes involved in insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathway. Therefore, COPII assembly genes could be promising RNAi targets for insect pest management by disrupting gut and cuticle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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Lüersen K, Jöckel T, Chin D, Demetrowitsch T, Schwarz K, Rimbach G. Reduced iron and cobalt levels in response to curcumin supplementation are not responsible for the prolonged larval development and do not affect the oxidative stress tolerance and polyamine status of D. melanogaster. Biofactors 2024; 50:161-180. [PMID: 37597249 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports indicated that the phytochemical curcumin possesses iron-chelating activity. Here, by employing the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we conducted feeding studies supplementing curcumin or, as a control, the iron chelator bathophenanthroline (BPA). First, the absorption and further metabolization of dietary curcuminoids were proved by metabolomics analyses. Next, we found that 0.2% dietary curcumin, similar to BPA, lowered the iron but also the cobalt content, and to a lesser extent affected the manganese and zinc status. Supplementation during larval stages was required and sufficient for both compounds to elicit these alterations in adult animals. However, curcumin-induced retarded larval development was not attributable to the changed trace metal status. In addition, a reduction in the iron content of up to 70% by curcumin or BPA supplementation did not reduce heme-dependent catalase activity and tolerance toward H2 O2 in D. melanogaster. Moreover, polyamines were not influenced by curcumin treatment and decreased iron levels. This was confirmed for selected organs from 0.2% curcumin-treated mice, except for the spleen. Here, elevated spermidine level and concomitant upregulation of genes involved in polyamine production were associated with a putatively anemia-derived increased spleen mass. Our data underline that the metal-chelating property of curcumin needs to be considered in feeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lüersen
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Jöckel
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dawn Chin
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Demetrowitsch
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Yu H, Wang K, Yang Z, Li X, Liu S, Wang L, Zhang H. A ferritin protein is involved in the development and reproduction of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:750-758. [PMID: 37318359 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are conserved iron-binding proteins that exist in most living organisms and play an essential role in the maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis. Although ferritin has been studied in many species, little is known about its role in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In this study, we identified an iron-binding protein from B. tabaci and named it BtabFer1. The full-length cDNA of BtabFer1 is 1,043 bp and encodes a protein consisting of 224 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 25.26 kDa, and phylogenetic analysis shows that BtabFer1 is conserved among Hemiptera insects. The expression levels of BtabFer1 in different developmental stages and tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR, and results showed that BtabFer1 was ubiquitously expressed at all developmental stages and in all examined tissues. The RNAi-mediated knockdown of BtabFer1 caused a significant reduction in survival rate, egg production, and egg hatching rate of whiteflies. Knockdown of BtabFer1 also inhibited the transcription of genes in the juvenile hormone signal transduction pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that BtabFer1 plays a critical role in the development and reproduction of whiteflies. This study can broaden our understanding of ferritin in insect fecundity and development, as well as provide baseline data for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Zhifang Yang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Shunxiao Liu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- College of Agrarian Technology and Natural Resources, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
| | - Liuhao Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
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Stanley D, Haas E, Kim Y. Beyond Cellular Immunity: On the Biological Significance of Insect Hemocytes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040599. [PMID: 36831266 PMCID: PMC9954174 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect immunity is assorted into humoral and cellular immune reactions. Humoral reactions involve the regulated production of anti-microbial peptides, which directly kill microbial invaders at the membrane and intracellular levels. In cellular immune reactions, millions of hemocytes are mobilized to sites of infection and replaced by hematopoiesis at a high biological cost after the immune defense. Here, we considered that the high biological costs of maintaining and replacing hemocytes would be a better investment if hemocytes carried out meaningful biological actions unrelated to cellular immunity. This idea allows us to treat a set of 10 hemocyte actions that are not directly involved in immunity, some of which, so far, are known only in Drosophila melanogaster. These include (1) their actions in molting and development, (2) in surviving severe hypoxia, (3) producing phenoloxidase precursor and its actions beyond immunity, (4) producing vitellogenin in a leafhopper, (5) recognition and responses to cancer in Drosophila, (6) non-immune actions in Drosophila, (7) clearing apoptotic cells during development of the central nervous system, (8) developing hematopoietic niches in Drosophila, (9) synthesis and transport of a lipoprotein, and (10) hemocyte roles in iron transport. We propose that the biological significance of hemocytes extends considerably beyond immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insect Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, 1503 S Providence Road, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Eric Haas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (Y.K.)
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Hernandez EP, Shimazaki K, Niihara H, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T. Localization of secreted ferritin (FER2) in the embryos of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:42. [PMID: 36717957 PMCID: PMC9885654 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the absence of a blood meal, embryogenesis involves many processes that require nutrients and other essential elements, including iron. Due to the lack of an external source of these nutrients, these requirements are acquired maternally. Because of the toxic nature of iron, they are transferred through iron transport molecules such as secreted ferritin (FER2). Here we tried to follow the trail of the FER2 through indirect immunofluorescence, and we observed an apparent shift of FER2 from the germ layer at the early part of development to the appendages during the late stage of embryogenesis. FER2 is also found in the middle part of the legs of the embryo. The apparent movement not only sheds light on iron processing events during embryogenesis but also indirectly guides organogenesis in the tick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez
- grid.11176.300000 0000 9067 0374Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines at Los Baños College, 3004 Laguna, Philippines ,grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056 Japan
| | - Kei Shimazaki
- grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056 Japan
| | - Hiroko Niihara
- grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056 Japan
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- grid.412310.50000 0001 0688 9267National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- grid.416835.d0000 0001 2222 0432National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056 Japan
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Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for all types of organisms; however, iron has chemical properties that can be harmful to cells. Because iron is both necessary and potentially damaging, insects have homeostatic processes that control the redox state, quantity, and location of iron in the body. These processes include uptake of iron from the diet, intracellular and extracellular iron transport, and iron storage. Early studies of iron-binding proteins in insects suggested that insects and mammals have surprisingly different mechanisms of iron homeostasis, including different primary mechanisms for exporting iron from cells and for transporting iron from one cell to another, and subsequent studies have continued to support this view. This review summarizes current knowledge about iron homeostasis in insects, compares insect and mammalian iron homeostasis mechanisms, and calls attention to key remaining knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen J Gorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA;
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Zhang J, Song Y, Li Y, Lin HB, Fang X. Iron homeostasis in the heart: Molecular mechanisms and pharmacological implications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:15-24. [PMID: 36375319 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is necessary for the life of practically all living things, yet it may also harm people toxically. Accordingly, humans and other mammals have evolved an effective and tightly regulatory system to maintain iron homeostasis in healthy tissues, including the heart. Iron deficiency is common in patients with heart failure, and is associated with worse prognosis in this population; while the prevalence of iron overload-related cardiovascular disorders is also increasing. Therefore, enhancing the therapy of patients with cardiovascular disorders requires a thorough understanding of iron homeostasis. Here, we give readers an overview of the fundamental mechanisms governing systemic iron homeostasis as well as the most recent knowledge about the intake, storage, use, and export of iron from the heart. Genetic mouse models used for investigation of iron metabolism in various in vivo scenarios are summarized and highlighted. We also go through different clinical conditions and therapeutic approaches that target cardiac iron dyshomeostasis. Finally, we conclude the review by outlining the present knowledge gaps and important open questions in this field in order to guide future research on cardiac iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Song
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Bin Lin
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuexian Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Keena MA. Effects of Dietary Iron Quantities and Sources on Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Survival and Development. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:806-814. [PMID: 35797040 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lymantria dispar L. is a serious invasive defoliator of broadleaf trees in both North America and Eurasia. When rearing L. dispar for research, the artificial diet must have a source of iron that is bioavailable and in the quantity needed to ensure normal development and survival. The standard iron supplement in L. dispar diet, amorphous ferric phosphate, is no longer commercially available, which motivated studies on alternative iron sources and concentrations. The responses of three L. dispar populations (including an L. dispar asiatica Vnukovskij population) to seven different iron doses were determined over two generations. The response to eight iron compounds and no added iron was also assessed over two generations for an L. dispar dispar population. The optimal levels of iron were 100, 150, and 198 mg/l of available iron for the New Jersey Standard Strain, a near-wild West Virginia population, and a near-wild Russian Far East population, respectively. All three populations showed symptoms of insufficient iron when reared on the lowest dose of iron and signs of excess iron at the highest two doses. All of the alternate iron sources evaluated provided adequate available iron, although three sources had some issues that may not make them the best options. These results reveal differences in nutritional requirements among different populations of L. dispar and verify the existence of viable replacement sources of iron for the standard amorphous ferric phosphate long used in L. dispar rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody A Keena
- Northern Research Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 51 Mill Pond Road, Hamden, CT 06514, USA
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Tian Z, Guo S, Zhu F, Liu W, Wang XP. Targeting coat protein II complex genes via RNA interference inhibits female adult feeding and reproductive development in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2141-2150. [PMID: 35171515 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi is a highly destructive cruciferous vegetable pest in Asia. This beetle is predominantly controlled by synthetic chemical pesticides, which leave pesticide residues on food and constitute a major hidden danger to human health. Based on preliminary research, we hypothesized that the coat protein II (COPII) complex, a primary coated vesicle that exports cargo molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum, is a promising novel target for the control of Colaphellus bowringi. RESULTS This study investigated whether disrupting COPII using RNA interference (RNAi) affects the growth and development of Colaphellus bowringi adults. The results showed that five COPII assembly genes, Sar1, Sec23, Sec24, Sec13, and Sec31, were uniformly expressed in multiple tissues of adult female Colaphellus bowringi. Injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against each gene induced a high RNAi efficiency by approximately 55-99%, and considerably inhibited yolk deposition and ovarian growth. Moreover, knockdown of Sar1, Sec23 and Sec24 suppressed feeding and increased mortality to 26.67%, 46.67%, and 42.22%, respectively. This was partially due to the down-regulation of insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathways. The results indicate that silencing any of the five genes responsible for COPII complex assembly represses Juvenile hormone and ecdysone signaling pathways, suggesting that vesicle transport plays a vital role in the endocrine regulation of Colaphellus bowringi females. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the COPII complex could be a promising RNAi target for the management of Colaphellus bowringi, which would reduce our dependence on chemical pesticides for pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wu S, Yin S, Zhou B. Molecular physiology of iron trafficking in Drosophila melanogaster. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 50:100888. [PMID: 35158107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis in insects is less-well understood comparatively to mammals. The classic model organism Drosophila melanogaster has been recently employed to explore how iron is trafficked between and within cells. An outline for iron absorption, systemic delivery, and efflux is thus beginning to emerge. The proteins Malvolio, ZIP13, mitoferrin, ferritin, transferrin, and IRP-1A are key players in these processes. While many features are shared with those in mammals, some physiological differences may also exist. Notable remaining questions include the existence and identification of functional transferrin and ferritin receptors, and of an iron exporter like ferroportin, how systemic iron homeostasis is controlled, and the roles of different tissues in regulating iron physiology. By focusing on aspects of iron trafficking, this review updates on presently known complexities of iron homeostasis in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Geiser DL, Li W, Pham DQD, Wysocki VH, Winzerling JJ. Shotgun and TMT-Labeled Proteomic Analysis of the Ovarian Proteins of an Insect Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:7. [PMID: 35303100 PMCID: PMC8932505 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti [Linnaeus in Hasselquist; yellow fever mosquito] transmits several viruses that infect millions of people each year, including Zika, dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and West Nile. Pathogen transmission occurs during blood feeding. Only the females blood feed as they require a bloodmeal for oogenesis; in the bloodmeal, holo-transferrin and hemoglobin provide the females with a high iron load. We are interested in the effects of the bloodmeal on the expression of iron-associated proteins in oogenesis. Previous data showed that following digestion of a bloodmeal, ovarian iron concentrations doubles by 72 hr. We have used shotgun proteomics to identify proteins expressed in Ae. aegypti ovaries at two oogenesis developmental stages following blood feeding, and tandem mass tag-labeling proteomics to quantify proteins expressed at one stage following feeding of a controlled iron diet. Our findings provide the first report of mosquito ovarian protein expression in early and late oogenesis. We identify proteins differentially expressed in the two oogenesis development stages. We establish that metal-associated proteins play an important role in Ae. aegypti oogenesis and we identify new candidate proteins that might be involved in mosquito iron metabolism. Finally, this work identified a unique second ferritin light chain subunit, the first reported in any species. The shotgun proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005893, while the tandem mass tag-labeled proteomic data are available with identifier PXD028242.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn L Geiser
- Nutritional Sciences, Division of Agriculture, Life and Veterinary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Wenzhou Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Present Address: Amgen Incorporation, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Daphne Q-D Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141, USA
| | - Vicki H Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joy J Winzerling
- Nutritional Sciences, Division of Agriculture, Life and Veterinary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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12
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Missirlis F. Regulation and biological function of metal ions in Drosophila. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:18-24. [PMID: 33581350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A conceptual framework is offered for critically approaching the formidable ability of insects to segregate metal ions to their multiple destinations in proteins and subcellular compartments. New research in Drosophila melanogaster suggests that nuclear iron regulatory proteins and oxidative stress transcription factors mediate metal-responsive gene expression. Identification of a zinc-regulated chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum potentially explains membrane protein trafficking defects observed in zinc transporter mutants. Compartmentalized zinc is utilized in fertilization, embryogenesis and for the activation of zinc-finger transcription factors - the latter function demonstrated during muscle development, while dietary zinc is sensed through gating of a chloride channel. Another emerging theme in cellular metal homeostasis is that transporters and related proteins meet at endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria associated membranes with physiologically relevant consequences during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics & Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico.
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13
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Yu X, Tian X, Wang Y, Zhu C. Metal-metal interaction and metal toxicity: a comparison between mammalian and D. melanogaster. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:842-851. [PMID: 33929283 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1922781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Non-essential heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and aluminium (Al) are useless to organisms and have shown extensive toxic effects. Previous studies show that two main molecular mechanisms of metal toxicity are oxidative stress and metal-metal interaction which can disrupt metal homeostasis.2. In this paper, we mainly illustrate metal toxicity and metal-metal interaction through examples in mammalians and D. melanogaster (fruit fly).3. We describe the interference of metal homeostasis by metal-metal interactions in three aspects including replacement, cellular transporter competition, and disruption of the regulation mechanism, and elaborate the mechanisms of metal toxicity to better deal with the challenges of heavy metal pollution and related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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14
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Shen Y, Chen YZ, Zhang CX. RNAi-mediated silencing of ferritin genes in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens affects survival, growth and female fecundity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:365-377. [PMID: 32741141 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is the most destructive rice insect pest. To exploit potential target genes for applications in transgenic rice to control this sap-sucking insect pest, three ferritin genes were functionally characterized in this study. RESULTS In this study, three ferritin genes, that is, ferritin 1 Heavy Chain (NlFer1), ferritin 2 Light Chain (NlFer2) and soma ferritin (Nlsoma-Fer), were identified from BPH. Tissue-specific analyses showed that all three genes were highly expressed in the gut. Although double-stranded RNA injection-mediated RNA inference (RNAi) of Nlsoma-Fer expression resulted in only < 14% mortality in BPH, knockdown of NlFer1 or NlFer2 led to retarded growth and 100% mortality in young nymphs, and downregulation of NlFer1 and NlFer2 in newly emerged female adults caused undeveloped ovaries and severely inhibited oocyte growth, resulting in extremely low fecundity and a zero hatching rate. Knockdown of NlFer1 and NlFer2 caused similar phenotypes in BPH, indicating that they function together, as in many other animals. The results demonstrated that NlFer1 and NlFer2 were essential for BPH development and reproduction. BPHs showed high sensitivity to both dsNlFer1 and dsNlFer2, and injection of only 0.625 ng dsNlFer1 per BPH resulted in 100% mortality. Additionally, the effectiveness of feeding dsNlFer1 and dsNlFer2 to BPH nymphs was further proven. CONCLUSION NlFer1 and NlFer2 are essential for BPH development and reproduction, and the insect is highly sensitive to their depletion, suggesting that the two gut-highly-expressed genes are promising candidates for application in RNAi-based control of this destructive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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15
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Huynh N, Depner N, Larson R, King-Jones K. A versatile toolkit for CRISPR-Cas13-based RNA manipulation in Drosophila. Genome Biol 2020; 21:279. [PMID: 33203452 PMCID: PMC7670108 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in CRISPR technology have immensely improved our ability to manipulate nucleic acids, and the recent discovery of the RNA-targeting endonuclease Cas13 adds even further functionality. Here, we show that Cas13 works efficiently in Drosophila, both ex vivo and in vivo. We test 44 different Cas13 variants to identify enzymes with the best overall performance and show that Cas13 could target endogenous Drosophila transcripts in vivo with high efficiency and specificity. We also develop Cas13 applications to edit mRNAs and target mitochondrial transcripts. Our vector collection represents a versatile tool collection to manipulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Huynh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Noah Depner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Raegan Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Kirst King-Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.
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16
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Vásquez-Procopio J, Rajpurohit S, Missirlis F. Cuticle darkening correlates with increased body copper content in Drosophila melanogaster. Biometals 2020; 33:293-303. [PMID: 33026606 PMCID: PMC7538679 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insect epidermal cells secrete a cuticle that serves as an exoskeleton providing mechanical rigidity to each individual, but also insulation, camouflage or communication within their environment. Cuticle deposition and hardening (sclerotization) and pigment synthesis are parallel processes requiring tyrosinase activity, which depends on an unidentified copper-dependent enzyme component in Drosophila melanogaster. We determined the metallomes of fly strains selected for lighter or darker cuticles in a laboratory evolution experiment, asking whether any specific element changed in abundance in concert with pigment deposition. The results showed a correlation between total iron content and strength of pigmentation, which was further corroborated by ferritin iron quantification. To ask if the observed increase in iron body content along with increased pigment deposition could be generalizable, we crossed yellow and ebony alleles causing light and dark pigmentation, respectively, into similar genetic backgrounds and measured their metallomes. Iron remained unaffected in the various mutants providing no support for a causative link between pigmentation and iron content. In contrast, the combined analysis of both experiments suggested instead a correlation between pigment deposition and total copper body content, possibly due to increased demand for epidermal tyrosinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Vásquez-Procopio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav, Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Subhash Rajpurohit
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Commerce Six Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav, Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico.
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17
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Sheng L, Shields EJ, Gospocic J, Glastad KM, Ratchasanmuang P, Berger SL, Raj A, Little S, Bonasio R. Social reprogramming in ants induces longevity-associated glia remodeling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba9869. [PMID: 32875108 PMCID: PMC7438095 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In social insects, workers and queens arise from the same genome but display profound differences in behavior and longevity. In Harpegnathos saltator ants, adult workers can transition to a queen-like state called gamergate, which results in reprogramming of social behavior and life-span extension. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we compared the distribution of neuronal and glial populations before and after the social transition. We found that the conversion of workers into gamergates resulted in the expansion of neuroprotective ensheathing glia. Brain injury assays revealed that activation of the damage response gene Mmp1 was weaker in old workers, where the relative frequency of ensheathing glia also declined. On the other hand, long-lived gamergates retained a larger fraction of ensheathing glia and the ability to mount a strong Mmp1 response to brain injury into old age. We also observed molecular and cellular changes suggestive of age-associated decline in ensheathing glia in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Sheng
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily J. Shields
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janko Gospocic
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karl M. Glastad
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Puttachai Ratchasanmuang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arjun Raj
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shawn Little
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Xiao G, Liu ZH, Zhao M, Wang HL, Zhou B. Transferrin 1 Functions in Iron Trafficking and Genetically Interacts with Ferritin in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Rep 2020; 26:748-758.e5. [PMID: 30650364 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism is an essential process that when dysregulated causes disease. Mammalian serum transferrin (TF) plays a primary role in delivering iron to cells. To improve our understanding of the conservation of iron metabolism between species, we investigate here the function of the TF homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, transferrin 1 (Tsf1). Tsf1 knockdown results in iron accumulation in the gut and iron deficiency in the fat body (which is analogous to the mammalian liver). Fat body-derived Tsf1 localizes to the gut surface, suggesting that Tsf1 functions in trafficking iron between the gut and the fat body, similar to TF in mammals. Moreover, Tsf1 knockdown strongly suppresses the phenotypic effects of ferritin (Fer1HCH) RNAi, an established iron trafficker in Drosophila. We propose that Tsf1 and ferritin compete for iron in the Drosophila intestine and demonstrate the value of using Drosophila for investigating iron trafficking and the evolution of systemic iron regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiran Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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19
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Hernandez EP, Shimazaki K, Niihara H, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T. Expression analysis of glutathione S-transferases and ferritins during the embryogenesis of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03644. [PMID: 32258487 PMCID: PMC7114739 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tick life cycle, embryogenesis is the only stage of development wherein no blood meal is required. Nevertheless, even in the absence of a blood meal, which is the source of nutrients as well as the ferrous iron and heme that could cause oxidative stress in ticks, malondialdehyde (MDA) has been reported to increase during this period. Additionally, the knockdown of some oxidative stress-related molecules such as ferritin has resulted in abnormal eggs and embryonic death. Here, we investigate the gene and protein expression profiles of the identified glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and ferritins (Fers) of the tick H. longicornis during embryogenesis through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. We also confirm the lipid peroxidation and ferrous iron concentration level using a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Finally, we attempt to correlate these findings with the events occurring by establishing a staging process in H. longicornis embryos. Lipid peroxidation increased during the course of embryogenesis, as does the amount of GST proteins. On the other hand, the GST genes have high expression at the 1st day post-oviposition, during the early stage of embryogenesis and at day 10 during the period wherein the germ band is observable. Fer gene expression also starts to increase at day 10 and peaks at day 15. In the ferritin proteins, only the secretory ferritin (Fer2) is detected and constitutively expressed during embryogenesis. Events occurring during embryogenesis, such as energy production and iron metabolism for cellular proliferation and differentiation cause oxidative stress in the embryo. To counteract oxidative stress, it is possible that the embryo may utilize oxidative stress-related molecules such as GSTs and Fer2, which could be either maternally or embryo-derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kei Shimazaki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Hiroko Niihara
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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21
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Vásquez-Procopio J, Osorio B, Cortés-Martínez L, Hernández-Hernández F, Medina-Contreras O, Ríos-Castro E, Comjean A, Li F, Hu Y, Mohr S, Perrimon N, Missirlis F. Intestinal response to dietary manganese depletion inDrosophila. Metallomics 2020; 12:218-240. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations to manganese deficiency.
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22
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Mumbauer S, Pascual J, Kolotuev I, Hamaratoglu F. Ferritin heavy chain protects the developing wing from reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008396. [PMID: 31568497 PMCID: PMC6786644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between signalling pathways and metabolism is crucial for tissue growth. Yet, it remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the consequences of modulating iron metabolism on the growth of Drosophila imaginal discs. We find that reducing the levels of the ferritin heavy chain in the larval wing discs leads to drastic growth defects, whereas light chain depletion causes only minor defects. Mutant cell clones for the heavy chain lack the ability to compete against Minute mutant cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate in wing discs with reduced heavy chain levels, causing severe mitochondrial defects and ferroptosis. Preventing ROS accumulation alleviates some of the growth defects. We propose that the increased expression of ferritin in hippo mutant cells may protect against ROS accumulation. Despite being vital, the role of metals in biology is often overlooked. Specifically, how iron storage contributes to development remains unclear. Here, we dissected the function of the cellular iron storage complex, Ferritin, during development of a model organ, the fly wing. We took a genetic approach to uncover the role of both the heavy and light chains of Ferritin. Targeting the heavy chain consistently produced drastic growth defects in larval discs and adult wings. Moreover, lower levels of the heavy chain led to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventing ROS accumulation alleviated the accompanying growth defects. We also observed hallmarks of ferroptosis, an iron dependent non-apoptotic cell death, upon knockdown of the heavy chain. By contrast, reducing the levels of the light chain was tolerable. This is surprising because the individual components of Ferritin were thought to function exclusively as part of the complex. Yet, the heavy chain alone encompasses the ferroxidase center, which is essential for iron loading. All together, we propose that the Ferritin heavy chain functions as an antioxidant and protects the developing organs from ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mumbauer
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Pascual
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Kolotuev
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fisun Hamaratoglu
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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23
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Geiser DL, Thai TN, Love MB, Winzerling JJ. Iron and Ferritin Deposition in the Ovarian Tissues of the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5586715. [PMID: 31606748 PMCID: PMC6790249 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dengue, yellow fever, and Zika are viruses transmitted by yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti [Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae)], to thousands of people each year. Mosquitoes transmit these viruses while consuming a blood meal that is required for oogenesis. Iron, an essential nutrient from the blood meal, is required for egg development. Mosquitoes receive a high iron load in the meal; although iron can be toxic, these animals have developed mechanisms for dealing with this load. Our previous research has shown iron from the blood meal is absorbed in the gut and transported by ferritin, the main iron transport and storage protein, to the ovaries. We now report the distribution of iron and ferritin in ovarian tissues before blood feeding and 24 and 72 h post-blood meal. Ovarian iron is observed in specific locations. Timing post-blood feeding influences the location and distribution of the ferritin heavy-chain homolog, light-chain homolog 1, and light-chain homolog 2 in ovaries. Understanding iron deposition in ovarian tissues is important to the potential use of interference in iron metabolism as a vector control strategy for reducing mosquito fecundity, decreasing mosquito populations, and thereby reducing transmission rates of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn L Geiser
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Theresa N Thai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Maria B Love
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Joy J Winzerling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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24
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Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of secreted ferritin in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Biometals 2019; 32:757-769. [PMID: 31363876 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is a ubiquitous iron storage protein which plays key role in regulating iron homeostasis and metabolism. In this paper, the ferritin heavy chain homologs (HCH) and light chain homologs (LCH) from Bombyx mori (BmFerHCH and BmFerLCH) were amplified through PCR and cloned into the expression vector pET-30a(+). The recombinant BmFerHCH and BmFerLCH expressed in Escherichia coli were in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies, indicating that the two proteins were not in their natural structural conformation. In order to obtain refolded ferritin in vitro, the inclusion bodies (BmFerHCH and/or BmFerLCH) were dissolved in denaturing buffer (100 mM Tris, 50 mM Glycine, 8 M urea, 5 mM DTT, pH 8.0) and then refolded in refolding buffer (100 mM Tris, 400 mM L-arginine, 0.2 mM PMSF, 0.5 mM DTT). The result showed that it was only when both BmFerHCH and BmFerLCH were present together in the denaturing buffer that refolding was successful and resulted in the formation of heteropolymers (H-L chain dimers) over homopolymers (H-H chain or L-L chain dimers). Moreover, the molecules (NaCl, Triton and glycerol) were found to enhance protein refolding. The optimum temperature, pH and ratios of BmFerHCH/BmFerLCH required for refolding were found to be 10 °C, pH 7, 1:1 or 1:2, respectively. Finally, the refolded ferritin had the ability to store iron, exhibited ferroxidase activity, and could withstand high temperatures and pH treatment, which is consistent with ferritin in other species.
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25
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Jacomin AC, Geraki K, Brooks J, Tjendana-Tjhin V, Collingwood JF, Nezis IP. Impact of Autophagy and Aging on Iron Load and Ferritin in Drosophila Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:142. [PMID: 31404236 PMCID: PMC6669360 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biometals such as iron, copper, potassium, and zinc are essential regulatory elements of several biological processes. The homeostasis of biometals is often affected in age-related pathologies. Notably, impaired iron metabolism has been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders. Autophagy, an intracellular degradative process dependent on the lysosomes, is involved in the regulation of ferritin and iron levels. Impaired autophagy has been associated with normal pathological aging, and neurodegeneration. Non-mammalian model organisms such as Drosophila have proven to be appropriate for the investigation of age-related pathologies. Here, we show that ferritin is expressed in adult Drosophila brain and that iron and holoferritin accumulate with aging. At whole-brain level we found no direct relationship between the accumulation of holoferritin and a deficit in autophagy in aged Drosophila brain. However, synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy revealed an additional spectral feature in the iron-richest region of autophagy-deficient fly brains, consistent with iron-sulfur. This potentially arises from iron-sulfur clusters associated with altered mitochondrial iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ioannis P. Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Rudisill SS, Martin BR, Mankowski KM, Tessier CR. Iron Deficiency Reduces Synapse Formation in the Drosophila Clock Circuit. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:241-250. [PMID: 30022428 PMCID: PMC6338522 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron serves as a critical cofactor for proteins involved in a host of biological processes. In most animals, dietary iron is absorbed in enterocytes and then disseminated for use in other tissues in the body. The brain is particularly dependent on iron. Altered iron status correlates with disorders ranging from cognitive dysfunction to disruptions in circadian activity. The exact role iron plays in producing these neurological defects, however, remains unclear. Invertebrates provide an attractive model to study the effects of iron on neuronal development since many of the genes involved in iron metabolism are conserved, and the organisms are amenable to genetic and cytological techniques. We have examined synapse growth specifically under conditions of iron deficiency in the Drosophila circadian clock circuit. We show that projections of the small ventrolateral clock neurons to the protocerebrum of the adult Drosophila brain are significantly reduced upon chelation of iron from the diet. This growth defect persists even when iron is restored to the diet. Genetic neuronal knockdown of ferritin 1 or ferritin 2, critical components of iron storage and transport, does not affect synapse growth in these cells. Together, these data indicate that dietary iron is necessary for central brain synapse formation in the fly and further validate the use of this model to study the function of iron homeostasis on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Rudisill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Bradley R Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Kevin M Mankowski
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, Raclin Carmichael Hall 127, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Charles R Tessier
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, Raclin Carmichael Hall 127, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA.
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Ferritin regulates organismal energy balance and thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2019; 24:64-79. [PMID: 30954544 PMCID: PMC6531837 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ferritin heavy/heart chain (FTH) gene encodes the ferroxidase component of the iron (Fe) sequestering ferritin complex, which plays a central role in the regulation of cellular Fe metabolism. Here we tested the hypothesis that ferritin regulates organismal Fe metabolism in a manner that impacts energy balance and thermal homeostasis. METHODS We developed a mouse strain, referred herein as FthR26 fl/fl, expressing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the Rosa26 (R26) promoter and carrying two LoxP (fl) sites: one at the 5'end of the Fth promoter and another the 3' end of the first Fth exon. Tamoxifen administration induces global deletion of Fth in adult FthR26Δ/Δ mice, testing whether FTH is required for maintenance of organismal homeostasis. RESULTS Under standard nutritional Fe supply, Fth deletion in adult FthR26Δ/Δ mice led to a profound deregulation of organismal Fe metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and multi-organ damage, culminating in death. Unexpectedly, Fth deletion was also associated with a profound atrophy of white and brown adipose tissue as well as with collapse of energy expenditure and thermogenesis. This was attributed mechanistically to mitochondrial dysfunction, as assessed in the liver and in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION The FTH component of ferritin acts as a master regulator of organismal Fe homeostasis, coupling nutritional Fe supply to organismal redox homeostasis, energy expenditure and thermoregulation.
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Bewick AJ, Sanchez Z, Mckinney EC, Moore AJ, Moore PJ, Schmitz RJ. Dnmt1 is essential for egg production and embryo viability in the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:6. [PMID: 30616649 PMCID: PMC6322253 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of cytosine (DNA) methylation in insects remains inconclusive due to a lack of mutant and/or genetic studies. RESULTS Here, we provide evidence for the functional role of the maintenance DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) in an insect using experimental manipulation. Through RNA interference (RNAi), we successfully posttranscriptionally knocked down Dnmt1 in ovarian tissue of the hemipteran Oncopeltus fasciatus (the large milkweed bug). Individuals depleted for Dnmt1, and subsequently DNA methylation, failed to reproduce. Eggs were inviable and declined in number, and nuclei structure of follicular epithelium was aberrant. Erasure of DNA methylation from gene or transposon element bodies did not reveal a direct causal link to steady-state mRNA levels in somatic cells. These results reveal an important function of Dnmt1 seemingly not contingent on directly controlling gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study provides direct experimental evidence for a functional role of Dnmt1 in egg production and embryo viability and uncovers a trivial role, if any, for DNA methylation in control of gene expression in O. fasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Bewick
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Zachary Sanchez
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | | | - Allen J. Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Patricia J. Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li X, Peprah FA, Wang X, Liu H, Lin F, Gu J, Yu F, Shi H. Applying microarray-based technique to study and analyze silkworm (Bombyx mori) transcriptomic response to long-term high iron diet. Genomics 2018; 111:1504-1513. [PMID: 30391296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the biological processes affected by long-term iron supplementation, newly hatched silkworms were exposed to high iron mulberry diet (10 and 100 ppm) and its effect on silkworm transcriptom was determined. The results showed that the silkworm was responsive to iron by increasing iron concentration and ferritin levels in the hemolymph and by regulating the expression of many other genes. A total of 523 and 326 differentially expressed genes were identified in 10 and 100 ppm Fe group compared to the control, respectively. Of these genes, 249 were shared between in both the 10 ppm and 100 ppm Fe group, including 152 up-regulated and 97 down-regulated genes. These shared genes included 19 known Fe regulated, 24 immune-related, 12 serine proteases and serine proteases homologs, 41 cuticular and cuticle genes. Ten genes (carboxypeptidases A, serine protease homologs 85, fibrohexamerin/P25, transferrin, sex-specific storage-protein 2, fungal protease inhibitor F, insect intestinal mucin, peptidoglycan recognition protein B, cuticle protein CPH45, unknown gene) were involved in the regulation of iron overload responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Frank Addai Peprah
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, PR China
| | - Jie Gu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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30
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Fei DQ, Yu HZ, Xu JP, Zhang SZ, Wang J, Li B, Yang LA, Hu P, Xu X, Zhao K, Shahzad T. Isolation of ferritin and its interaction with BmNPV in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 86:130-137. [PMID: 29793044 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a ubiquitous iron storage protein that plays an important role in host defence against pathogen infections. In the present study, native ferritin was isolated from the hemolymph of Bombyx mori using native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results revealed that ferritin consisted of two subunits, designated as BmFerHCH and BmFerLCH. Previously integrated previous transcriptome and iTRAQ data showed that the two subunits were down-regulated in resistant silkworm strain BC9 and there was no obvious change in the expression levels of the subunits in susceptible silkworm strain P50 after BmNPV infection. Virus overlay assays revealed that B. mori ferritin as the form of heteropolymer had an interaction with B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), but it can't interact with BmNPV after depolymerisation. What's more, reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis suggested that BmFerHCH and BmFerLCH could be induced by bacteria, virus and iron. This is the first study to extract B. mori ferritin successfully and confirms their roles in the process of BmNPV infection. All these results will lay a foundation for further research the function of B. mori ferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qiong Fei
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China; National Navel Orange Engineering and Technology Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China.
| | - Shang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
| | - Li-Ang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
| | - Pei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
| | - Toufeeq Shahzad
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, China
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Wang X, Yin S, Yang Z, Zhou B. Drosophila multicopper oxidase 3 is a potential ferroxidase involved in iron homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1826-1834. [PMID: 29684424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a specific group of enzymes that contain multiple copper centers through which different substrates are oxidized. Main members of MCO family include ferroxidases, ascorbate oxidases, and laccases. MCO type of ferroxidases is key to iron transport across the plasma membrane. In Drosophila, there are four potential multicopper oxidases, MCO1-4. No convincing evidence has been presented so far to indicate any of these, or even any insect multicopper oxidase, to be a ferroxidase. Here we show Drosophila MCO3 (dMCO3) is highly likely a bona fide ferroxidase. In vitro activity assay with insect-cell-expressed dMCO3 demonstrated it has potent ferroxidase activity. Meanwhile, the ascorbate oxidase and laccase activities of dMCO3 are much less significant. dMCO3 expression in vivo, albeit at low levels, appears mostly extracellular, reminiscent of mammalian ceruloplasmin in the serum. A null dMCO3 mutant, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, showed disrupted iron homeostasis, evidenced by increased iron level and reduced metal importer Mvl expression. Notably, dMCO3-null flies phenotypically are largely normal at normal or iron stressed-conditions. We speculate the likely existence of a similar iron efflux apparatus as the mammalian ferroportin/ferroxidase in Drosophila. However, its importance to fly iron homeostasis is greatly minimized, which is instead dominated by another iron efflux avenue mediated by the ZIP13-ferritin axis along the ER/Golgi secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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Tejeda-Guzmán C, Rosas-Arellano A, Kroll T, Webb SM, Barajas-Aceves M, Osorio B, Missirlis F. Biogenesis of zinc storage granules in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb168419. [PMID: 29367274 PMCID: PMC5897703 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.168419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters and sequestration mechanisms concentrate metal ions differentially into discrete subcellular microenvironments for use in protein cofactors, signalling, storage or excretion. Here we identify zinc storage granules as the insect's major zinc reservoir in principal Malpighian tubule epithelial cells of Drosophila melanogaster The concerted action of Adaptor Protein-3, Rab32, HOPS and BLOC complexes as well as of the white-scarlet (ABCG2-like) and ZnT35C (ZnT2/ZnT3/ZnT8-like) transporters is required for zinc storage granule biogenesis. Due to lysosome-related organelle defects caused by mutations in the homologous human genes, patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome may lack zinc granules in beta pancreatic cells, intestinal paneth cells and presynaptic vesicles of hippocampal mossy fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tejeda-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Abraham Rosas-Arellano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Martha Barajas-Aceves
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Beatriz Osorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
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Marelja Z, Leimkühler S, Missirlis F. Iron Sulfur and Molybdenum Cofactor Enzymes Regulate the Drosophila Life Cycle by Controlling Cell Metabolism. Front Physiol 2018; 9:50. [PMID: 29491838 PMCID: PMC5817353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) are present at enzyme sites, where the active metal facilitates electron transfer. Such enzyme systems are soluble in the mitochondrial matrix, cytosol and nucleus, or embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, but virtually absent from the cell secretory pathway. They are of ancient evolutionary origin supporting respiration, DNA replication, transcription, translation, the biosynthesis of steroids, heme, catabolism of purines, hydroxylation of xenobiotics, and cellular sulfur metabolism. Here, Fe-S cluster and Moco biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster is reviewed and the multiple biochemical and physiological functions of known Fe-S and Moco enzymes are described. We show that RNA interference of Mocs3 disrupts Moco biosynthesis and the circadian clock. Fe-S-dependent mitochondrial respiration is discussed in the context of germ line and somatic development, stem cell differentiation and aging. The subcellular compartmentalization of the Fe-S and Moco assembly machinery components and their connections to iron sensing mechanisms and intermediary metabolism are emphasized. A biochemically active Fe-S core complex of heterologously expressed fly Nfs1, Isd11, IscU, and human frataxin is presented. Based on the recent demonstration that copper displaces the Fe-S cluster of yeast and human ferredoxin, an explanation for why high dietary copper leads to cytoplasmic iron deficiency in flies is proposed. Another proposal that exosomes contribute to the transport of xanthine dehydrogenase from peripheral tissues to the eye pigment cells is put forward, where the Vps16a subunit of the HOPS complex may have a specialized role in concentrating this enzyme within pigment granules. Finally, we formulate a hypothesis that (i) mitochondrial superoxide mobilizes iron from the Fe-S clusters in aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase; (ii) increased iron transiently displaces manganese on superoxide dismutase, which may function as a mitochondrial iron sensor since it is inactivated by iron; (iii) with the Krebs cycle thus disrupted, citrate is exported to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis, while succinyl-CoA and the iron are used for heme biosynthesis; (iv) as iron is used for heme biosynthesis its concentration in the matrix drops allowing for manganese to reactivate superoxide dismutase and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis to reestablish the Krebs cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Marelja
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Whiten SR, Eggleston H, Adelman ZN. Ironing out the Details: Exploring the Role of Iron and Heme in Blood-Sucking Arthropods. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1134. [PMID: 29387018 PMCID: PMC5776124 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme and iron are essential molecules for many physiological processes and yet have the ability to cause oxidative damage such as lipid peroxidation, protein degradation, and ultimately cell death if not controlled. Blood-sucking arthropods have evolved diverse methods to protect themselves against iron/heme-related damage, as the act of bloodfeeding itself is high risk, high reward process. Protective mechanisms in medically important arthropods include the midgut peritrophic matrix in mosquitoes, heme aggregation into the crystalline structure hemozoin in kissing bugs and hemosomes in ticks. Once heme and iron pass these protective mechanisms they are presumed to enter the midgut epithelial cells via membrane-bound transporters, though relatively few iron or heme transporters have been identified in bloodsucking arthropods. Upon iron entry into midgut epithelial cells, ferritin serves as the universal storage protein and transport for dietary iron in many organisms including arthropods. In addition to its role as a nutrient, heme is also an important signaling molecule in the midgut epithelial cells for many physiological processes including vitellogenesis. This review article will summarize recent advancements in heme/iron uptake, detoxification and exportation in bloodfeeding arthropods. While initial strides have been made at ironing out the role of dietary iron and heme in arthropods, much still remains to be discovered as these molecules may serve as novel targets for the control of many arthropod pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavonn R Whiten
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Heather Eggleston
- Genetics Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Zach N Adelman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Yoon S, Cho B, Shin M, Koranteng F, Cha N, Shim J. Iron Homeostasis Controls Myeloid Blood Cell Differentiation in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2017; 40:976-985. [PMID: 29237257 PMCID: PMC5750716 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential divalent ion for aerobic life. Life has evolved to maintain iron homeostasis for normal cellular and physiological functions and therefore imbalances in iron levels exert a wide range of consequences. Responses to iron dysregulation in blood development, however, remain elusive. Here, we found that iron homeostasis is critical for differentiation of Drosophila blood cells in the larval hematopoietic organ, called the lymph gland. Supplementation of an iron chelator, bathophenanthroline disulfate (BPS) results in an excessive differentiation of the crystal cell in the lymph gland. This phenotype is recapitulated by loss of Fer1HCH in the intestine, indicating that reduced levels of systemic iron enhances crystal cell differentiation. Detailed analysis of Fer1HCH-tagged-GFP revealed that Fer1HCH is also expressed in the hematopoietic systems. Lastly, blocking Fer1HCH expression in the mature blood cells showed marked increase in the blood differentiation of both crystal cells and plasmatocytes. Thus, our work suggests a relevance of systemic and local iron homeostasis in blood differentiation, prompting further investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying iron regulation and cell fate determination in the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunggyu Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
| | - Bumsik Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
| | - Mingyu Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
| | - Ferdinand Koranteng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
| | - Nuri Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
| | - Jiwon Shim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
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36
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Arosio P, Elia L, Poli M. Ferritin, cellular iron storage and regulation. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:414-422. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Arosio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBrescia Italy
| | - Leonardo Elia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBrescia Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research CenterRozzano MI Italy
| | - Maura Poli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBrescia Italy
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37
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Chen Y, Tong Y, Li Y, Liu R, Xu Q, Chang G, Chen G. Ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 mediates apoptosis-related gene expression of duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) infection of ducklings causes hepatitis and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Virus infection may induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation. In humans, ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 (FTH1) has been reported to affect the development of hepatitis and inhibit apoptosis. However, the effect of duck FTH1 (duFTH1) on apoptosis in DHV-1 infected ducklings has not been investigated. Therefore, we measured duFHT1 expression in tissues of DHV-1 infected ducklings and characterized the functional effects of ectopic overexpression and endogenous downregulation of FTH1 in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) to elucidate possible mechanisms involved. In the present study, the expression of duFTH1 was decreased in liver and spleen after DHV-1 infection. The effects of altered FTH1 expression on expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were evaluated by qPCR arrays. Decreased expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were observed in FTH1-overexpressing DEF cells, while decreased expression of Bcl-2 was detected in FTH1 knocked down DEF cells. Our findings suggest that the regulation of FTH1 expression indirectly mediated the expression of apoptosis-related genes; the protective effect of FTH1 was associated with the inhibition of apoptosis in DEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guobin Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Ferritin Assembly in Enterocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:27. [PMID: 26861293 PMCID: PMC4783870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritins are protein nanocages that accumulate inside their cavity thousands of oxidized iron atoms bound to oxygen and phosphates. Both characteristic types of eukaryotic ferritin subunits are present in secreted ferritins from insects, but here dimers between Ferritin 1 Heavy Chain Homolog (Fer1HCH) and Ferritin 2 Light Chain Homolog (Fer2LCH) are further stabilized by disulfide-bridge in the 24-subunit complex. We addressed ferritin assembly and iron loading in vivo using novel transgenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster. We concentrated on the intestine, where the ferritin induction process can be controlled experimentally by dietary iron manipulation. We showed that the expression pattern of Fer2LCH-Gal4 lines recapitulated iron-dependent endogenous expression of the ferritin subunits and used these lines to drive expression from UAS-mCherry-Fer2LCH transgenes. We found that the Gal4-mediated induction of mCherry-Fer2LCH subunits was too slow to effectively introduce them into newly formed ferritin complexes. Endogenous Fer2LCH and Fer1HCH assembled and stored excess dietary iron, instead. In contrast, when flies were genetically manipulated to co-express Fer2LCH and mCherry-Fer2LCH simultaneously, both subunits were incorporated with Fer1HCH in iron-loaded ferritin complexes. Our study provides fresh evidence that, in insects, ferritin assembly and iron loading in vivo are tightly regulated.
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Llorens JV, Metzendorf C, Missirlis F, Lind MI. Mitochondrial iron supply is required for the developmental pulse of ecdysone biosynthesis that initiates metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:1229-38. [PMID: 26468126 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of ecdysone, the key hormone that signals the termination of larval growth and the initiation of metamorphosis in insects, is carried out in the prothoracic gland by an array of iron-containing cytochrome P450s, encoded by the halloween genes. Interference, either with iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in the prothoracic gland or with the ferredoxins that supply electrons for steroidogenesis, causes a block in ecdysone synthesis and developmental arrest in the third instar larval stage. Here we show that mutants in Drosophila mitoferrin (dmfrn), the gene encoding a mitochondrial carrier protein implicated in mitochondrial iron import, fail to grow and initiate metamorphosis under dietary iron depletion or when ferritin function is partially compromised. In mutant dmfrn larvae reared under iron replete conditions, the expression of halloween genes is increased and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the active form of ecdysone, is synthesized. In contrast, addition of an iron chelator to the diet of mutant dmfrn larvae disrupts 20E synthesis. Dietary addition of 20E has little effect on the growth defects, but enables approximately one-third of the iron-deprived dmfrn larvae to successfully turn into pupae and, in a smaller percentage, into adults. This partial rescue is not observed with dietary supply of ecdysone's precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor in the ecdysone biosynthetic pathway. The findings reported here support the notion that a physiological supply of mitochondrial iron for the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters and heme is required in the prothoracic glands of insect larvae for steroidogenesis. Furthermore, mitochondrial iron is also essential for normal larval growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Llorens
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoph Metzendorf
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Maria I Lind
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, Uppsala, Sweden.
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