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Wang S, Liu Y, Zou X, Pan M, Wan Q, Chu X. Exploring the pathogenesis of RA through the gut-articular axis-dysbiosis a potential factor. Clin Anat 2024. [PMID: 39189295 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a complex etiology. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of RA begins in the mucosa and then transitions to the joints when many factors interact, including microbial dysbiosis, inflammatory responses, and immune abnormalities at the mucosal site. Data from RA animals and patients suggest there are changes in the mucosal microflora before the onset of RA, and that dysbiosis of the mucosal ecology continues to play a role in the development of arthritis. Microbial dysbiosis of the mucosa reduces the normal barrier function of the intestinal tract, promotes inflammatory reactions in the mucosal areas of the intestines, and then activates the intestinal immune cells abnormally to produce a large number of auto-reactive antibodies that exacerbate arthritis. Current findings do not clarify whether dysbiosis is only a potential trigger for the development of RA. If it is possible to intervene in such microbial changes before the onset of RA, could the clinical symptoms of arthritis be prevented or reduced? Finding new ways to regulate gut flora composition to maintain gut barrier function is an ongoing challenge for the prevention and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyu Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mengjun Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Wan
- Tongling Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tongling, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Province, China
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2
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Tanwar H, Gnanasekaran JM, Allison D, Chuang LS, He X, Aimetti M, Baima G, Costalonga M, Cross RK, Sears C, Mehandru S, Cho J, Colombel JF, Raufman JP, Thumbigere-Math V. Unravelling the Oral-Gut Axis: Interconnection Between Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Current Challenges, and Future Perspective. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:1319-1341. [PMID: 38417137 PMCID: PMC11324343 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
As the opposite ends of the orodigestive tract, the oral cavity and the intestine share anatomical, microbial, and immunological ties that have bidirectional health implications. A growing body of evidence suggests an interconnection between oral pathologies and inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], implying a shift from the traditional concept of independent diseases to a complex, reciprocal cycle. This review outlines the evidence supporting an 'oral-gut' axis, marked by a higher prevalence of periodontitis and other oral conditions in IBD patients and vice versa. We present an in-depth examination of the interconnection between oral pathologies and IBD, highlighting the shared microbiological and immunological pathways, and proposing a 'multi-hit' hypothesis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-mediated intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, the review underscores the critical need for a collaborative approach between dentists and gastroenterologists to provide holistic oral-systemic healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Tanwar
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Devon Allison
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling-shiang Chuang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raymond K Cross
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Yoshizawa K, Yagi T, Uchida T, Moriguchi T, Moroi A, Ueki K. Concomitant pyogenic spondylodiscitis and empyema following tongue cancer resection and wisdom tooth extraction: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39087. [PMID: 39058851 PMCID: PMC11272347 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pyogenic spondylodiscitis is an infectious spinal disease that causes significant motor dysfunctions. Its diagnosis can be challenging owing to its rapid onset and nonspecific symptoms. PATIENT CONCERNS A 79-year-old Japanese man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and polymyalgia rheumatica presented to our department with tongue pain. Following partial glossectomy and wisdom tooth extraction under general anesthesia, on 10 postoperative day (POD) the patient developed right-sided abdominal pain and difficulty in walking. On 12 POD, the patient was admitted to a municipal hospital due to respiratory distress and paraplegia. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with pyogenic spondylodiscitis and empyema. Blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein levels (36.5), white blood cell count (19,570), and neutrophil count (17,867). INTERVENTIONS The patient received meropenem hydrate 3 g/2 days as empiric antibiotic treatment for acute infection. Upon admission to the emergency department on 16 POD, the lung abscess was drained, hemilaminectomy was performed. OUTCOMES Blood cultures, sputum tests, and cultures from the thoracic and spinal abscesses drained during surgery revealed methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The infection was successfully managed, and the respiratory disturbance and inflammatory response improved. However, the lower half of the patient body remained paralyzed. Subsequently, the patient was transferred to a rehabilitation facility on 45 POD. The patient continued to undergo functional restoration training, gradually regained function, and eventually achieved the ability to walk with grasping gait. LESSONS This is the first case report of S aureus causing pyogenic spondylodiscitis and empyema due to blood stream infection from a post-oral surgical wound. Pyogenic spondylodiscitis arising from a secondary hematogenous infection is difficult to diagnose and can lead to severe functional impairment. Prompt and appropriate diagnosis and treatment based on detailed patient interviews, additional blood tests, and computed tomography are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Yoshizawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchida
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Moriguchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akinori Moroi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ueki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
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Rocha CM, Kawamoto D, Martins FH, Bueno MR, Ishikawa KH, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Carlucci AR, Arroteia LS, Casarin RV, Saraiva L, Simionato MRL, Mayer MPA. Experimental Inoculation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus gordonii and Its Impact on Alveolar Bone Loss and Oral and Gut Microbiomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8090. [PMID: 39125663 PMCID: PMC11312116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria are implicated not only in oral diseases but also in gut dysbiosis and inflammatory conditions throughout the body. The periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) often occurs in complex oral biofilms with Streptococcus gordonii (Sg), and this interaction might influence the pathogenic potential of this pathogen. This study aims to assess the impact of oral inoculation with Aa, Sg, and their association (Aa+Sg) on alveolar bone loss, oral microbiome, and their potential effects on intestinal health in a murine model. Sg and/or Aa were orally administered to C57Bl/6 mice, three times per week, for 4 weeks. Aa was also injected into the gingiva three times during the initial experimental week. After 30 days, alveolar bone loss, expression of genes related to inflammation and mucosal permeability in the intestine, serum LPS levels, and the composition of oral and intestinal microbiomes were determined. Alveolar bone resorption was detected in Aa, Sg, and Aa+Sg groups, although Aa bone levels did not differ from that of the SHAM-inoculated group. Il-1β expression was upregulated in the Aa group relative to the other infected groups, while Il-6 expression was downregulated in infected groups. Aa or Sg downregulated the expression of tight junction genes Cldn 1, Cldn 2, Ocdn, and Zo-1 whereas infection with Aa+Sg led to their upregulation, except for Cldn 1. Aa was detected in the oral biofilm of the Aa+Sg group but not in the gut. Infections altered oral and gut microbiomes. The oral biofilm of the Aa group showed increased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, and Alloprevotella, while Sg administration enhanced the abundance of Alloprevotella and Rothia. The gut microbiome of infected groups showed reduced abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae. Infection with Aa or Sg disrupts both oral and gut microbiomes, impacting oral and gut homeostasis. While the combination of Aa with Sg promotes Aa survival in the oral cavity, it mitigates the adverse effects of Aa in the gut, suggesting a beneficial role of Sg associations in gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Medeiros Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Fernando Henrique Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuela Rocha Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Division of Periodontics, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin H. Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Ellen Sayuri Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Aline Ramos Carlucci
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Leticia Sandoli Arroteia
- Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Renato V. Casarin
- Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Luciana Saraiva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Lorenzetti Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (C.M.R.); (D.K.); (F.H.M.); (M.R.B.); (K.H.I.); (E.S.A.-S.); (A.R.C.); (M.R.L.S.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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5
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Kunath BJ, De Rudder C, Laczny CC, Letellier E, Wilmes P. The oral-gut microbiome axis in health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01075-5. [PMID: 39039286 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The human body hosts trillions of microorganisms throughout many diverse habitats with different physico-chemical characteristics. Among them, the oral cavity and the gut harbour some of the most dense and diverse microbial communities. Although these two sites are physiologically distinct, they are directly connected and can influence each other in several ways. For example, oral microorganisms can reach and colonize the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the context of gut dysbiosis. However, the mechanisms of colonization and the role that the oral microbiome plays in causing or exacerbating diseases in other organs have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how the oral and intestinal microbiota interplay in relation to their impact on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit J Kunath
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Charlotte De Rudder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cedric C Laczny
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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6
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Matsui T, Morozumi T, Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi T, Takuma R, Yoneda M, Nogami A, Kessoku T, Tamura M, Nomura Y, Takahashi T, Kamata Y, Sugihara S, Arai K, Minabe M, Aoyama N, Mitsudo K, Nakajima A, Komaki M. Relationship of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Oral and Intestinal Microbiota: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1150. [PMID: 39064580 PMCID: PMC11279156 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide, alongside the epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Based on preliminary reports regarding the potential association of HCC and periodontitis, this study aimed to analyze the involvement of periodontal bacteria as well as the oral and intestinal bacterial flora in MASH-related HCC (MASH-HCC). Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients with MASH and nineteen with MASH-HCC participated in the study, completing survey questionnaires, undergoing periodontal examinations, and providing samples of saliva, mouth-rinsed water, feces, and peripheral blood. The oral and fecal microbiome profiles were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Bayesian network analysis was used to analyze the causation between various factors, including MASH-HCC, examinations, and bacteria. Results: The genus Fusobacterium had a significantly higher occupancy rate (p = 0.002) in the intestinal microflora of the MASH-HCC group compared to the MASH group. However, Butyricicoccus (p = 0.022) and Roseburia (p < 0.05) had significantly lower occupancy rates. The Bayesian network analysis revealed the absence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria and enteric bacteria affecting HCC. However, HCC directly affected the periodontal bacterial species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia in the saliva, as well as the genera Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Trabulsiella, and SMB53 in the intestine. Furthermore, P. gingivalis in the oral cavity directly affected the genera Lactobacillus and Streptococcus in the intestine. Conclusions: MASH-HCC directly affects periodontal pathogenic and intestinal bacteria, and P. gingivalis may affect the intestinal bacteria associated with gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Matsui
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
- Department of Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University, Junior College, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryo Takuma
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Narita 286-8520, Japan
| | - Muneaki Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nomura
- Institute of Photochemistry and Photofunctional Materials, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yohei Kamata
- Department of Advanced Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokohama 221-0835, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Sugihara
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kyoko Arai
- Department of Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | | | - Norio Aoyama
- Department of Education Planning, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Motohiro Komaki
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
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7
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Ryder MI. From gums to guts: A role for the periodontal microbiome in gastrointestinal/liver diseases. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38872471 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Ryder
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Sun B, Wang Y, Wu M, Feng G, Guo T. Key periodontal pathogens may mediate potential pathogenic relationships between periodontitis and crohn's disease. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:668. [PMID: 38849764 PMCID: PMC11161938 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD)-associated periodontitis is common. However, the role of periodontal pathogens in the Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the potential relationship mediated by periodontal pathogens between periodontitis and CD, we collected salivary samples from healthy participants (H group, n = 12), patients with CD (Ch group, n = 10), patients with periodontitis (Ps group, n = 12), and patients with Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease (Cp group, n = 12) and analyzed them by 16 S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Patients with Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease had increased levels of Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, and Prevotella, which correlated with the severity of periodontitis. Conversely, the levels of Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Gemella, which decreased in Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease, were negatively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. To further investigate the role of periodontal pathogens in CD development, representative periodontal pathogens causing periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, were administered to mice. These pathogens migrate to, and colonize, the gut, accelerating CD progression and aggravating colitis, and even systemic inflammation. In vitro experiments using a Caco-2/periodontal pathogen coculture revealed that P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum increased intestinal permeability by directly disrupting the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Our findings strongly suggest that periodontal pathogens play a role in the relationship between periodontitis and CD. These results provide a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Sun
- Department of General Dentistry, Research institute of Stomatology, Nanjing stomatological Hospital, Affiliated hospital of medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of General Dentistry, Research institute of Stomatology, Nanjing stomatological Hospital, Affiliated hospital of medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Research institute of Stomatology, Nanjing stomatological Hospital, Affiliated hospital of medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Geng Feng
- Nanjing Fengzi Bio-pharm Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of General Dentistry, Research institute of Stomatology, Nanjing stomatological Hospital, Affiliated hospital of medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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9
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Shan L, Chelliah R, Rahman SME, Hwan Oh D. Unraveling the gut microbiota's role in Rheumatoid arthritis: dietary pathways to modulation and therapeutic potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38832654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2362412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a significant global health issue. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota's critical role in RA's development, noting how dietary factors can alter these microbial communities. This has led to an increased focus on how the gut microbiota (GM) influences RA and the potential for dietary ingredients to offer anti-RA benefits by modifying GM. This review presents a concise examination of the GM associated with RA, identifying specific microbial taxa at various levels that are implicated in the disease. It delves into dietary components known for their anti-RA properties through GM modulation and their mechanisms. Findings from numerous studies, including both animal and human research, show significant differences in the GM composition between individuals with early and established RA. Certain microbes like Tenericutes, Synergistetes, and Proteobacteria have been linked to RA progression, whereas Bacteroidetes and some strains of Lactobacillus are shown to have protective effects against RA. Dietary elements such as fibers, polysaccharides, resistant starch, and peptides have been identified as influential in combating RA. These components work by altering the GM's metabolites and impacting immune cells related to the GM. This review suggests the potential for developing functional foods aimed at treating RA by targeting GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- LingYue Shan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
- Future F Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
- Future F Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
| | - Syed Mohammad Ehsanur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
- Future F Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
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10
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da Costa ALA, Soares MA, Lourenço TGB, Guimarães-Pinto K, Filardy AD, de Oliveira AM, de Luca BG, Magliano DAC, Araujo OMO, Moura L, Lopes RT, Palhares de Miranda AL, Tributino JLM, Vieira Colombo AP. Periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 correlates with colonic leukocytes decrease and gut microbiome imbalance in mice. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38757372 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM Evidence suggests that translocation of oral pathogens through the oral-gut axis may induce intestinal dysbiosis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a highly leukotoxic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) strain on the gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal integrity and immune system in healthy mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL6 mice were divided into control (n = 16) and JP2 groups (n = 19), which received intragastric gavage with PBS and with a suspension of Aa JP2 (HK921), respectively, twice a week for 4 weeks. Colonic lamina propria, fecal material, serum, gingival tissues, and mandibles were obtained for analyses of leukocyte populations, inflammatory mediators, mucosal integrity, alveolar bone loss, and gut microbiota. Differences between groups for these parameters were examined by non-parametric tests. RESULTS The gut microbial richness and the number of colonic macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes were significantly lower in Aa JP2-infected mice than in controls (p < .05). In contrast, infected animals showed higher abundance of Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus taiwanensis, Helicobacter rodentium, higher levels of IL-6 expression in colonic tissues, and higher splenic MPO activity than controls (p < .05). No differences in tight junction expression, serum endotoxin levels, and colonic inflammatory cytokines were observed between groups. Infected animals presented also slightly more alveolar bone loss and gingival IL-6 levels than controls (p < .05). CONCLUSION Based on this model, intragastric administration of Aa JP2 is associated with changes in the gut ecosystem of healthy hosts, characterized by less live/recruited myeloid cells, enrichment of the gut microbiota with pathobionts and decrease in commensals. Negligible levels of colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines, and no signs of mucosal barrier disruption were related to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L A da Costa
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Soares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Talita G B Lourenço
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kamila Guimarães-Pinto
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra D Filardy
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Miranda de Oliveira
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olga M O Araujo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Moura
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Engineering Program, Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Graduate and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Palhares de Miranda
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge L M Tributino
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Bergamo EP, Witek L, Ramalho IS, Lopes ACD, Nayak VV, Torroni A, Slavin BV, Bonfante EA, Uhrich KE, Graves DT, Coelho PG. Sustained Release of Salicylic Acid for Halting Peri-Implantitis Progression in Healthy and Hyperglycemic Systemic Conditions: A Gottingen Minipig Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3097-3107. [PMID: 38591966 PMCID: PMC11094686 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
To develop a peri-implantitis model in a Gottingen minipig and evaluate the effect of local application of salicylic acid poly(anhydride-ester) (SAPAE) on peri-implantitis progression in healthy, metabolic syndrome (MS), and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. Eighteen animals were allocated to three groups: (i) control, (ii) MS (diet for obesity induction), and (iii) T2DM (diet plus streptozotocin for T2DM induction). Maxillary and mandible premolars and first molar were extracted. After 3 months of healing, four implants per side were placed in both jaws of each animal. After 2 months, peri-implantitis was induced by plaque formation using silk ligatures. SAPAE polymer was mixed with mineral oil (3.75 mg/μL) and topically applied biweekly for up to 60 days to halt peri-implantitis progression. Periodontal probing was used to assess pocket depth over time, followed by histomorphologic analysis of harvested samples. The adopted protocol resulted in the onset of peri-implantitis, with healthy minipigs taking twice as long to reach the same level of probing depth relative to MS and T2DM subjects (∼3.0 mm), irrespective of jaw. In a qualitative analysis, SAPAE therapy revealed decreased levels of inflammation in the normoglycemic, MS, and T2DM groups. SAPAE application around implants significantly reduced the progression of peri-implantitis after ∼15 days of therapy, with ∼30% lower probing depth for all systemic conditions and similar rates of probing depth increase per week between the control and SAPAE groups. MS and T2DM conditions presented a faster progression of the peri-implant pocket depth. SAPAE treatment reduced peri-implantitis progression in healthy, MS, and T2DM groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmara
T. P. Bergamo
- Department
of Prosthodontics, NYU Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials
Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School
of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Hansjörg
Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU
Grossman School of Medicine, New
York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ilana Santos Ramalho
- Department
of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University
of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP 17012-230, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Coelho de
Oliveira Lopes
- Department
of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University
of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP 17012-230, Brazil
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Hansjörg
Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU
Grossman School of Medicine, New
York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Blaire V. Slavin
- University
of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Estevam A. Bonfante
- Department
of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University
of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP 17012-230, Brazil
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department
of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Division
of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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12
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Bueno MR, Martins FH, Rocha CM, Kawamoto D, Ishikawa KH, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Carlucci AR, Arroteia LS, Casarin RV, Mayer MPA. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 Ameliorates Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss Promoted by A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. gordonii in Mice and Impacts Oral and Gut Microbiomes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:836. [PMID: 38674780 PMCID: PMC11052184 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of probiotics on dysbiotic microbiomes and inflammation are dependent on the tested strain, host factors, and the resident microbiome. There is limited knowledge on the effects of probiotics in A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis. Thus, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 (LA5) was orally inoculated for 30 days in C57Bl/6 mice infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 (Aa) and S. gordonii (Sg). Alveolar bone loss, gingival gene expression, and oral and gut microbiomes were determined. LA5 controlled bone loss in Aa+Sg-infected mice, downregulated the expression of Il-1β and upregulated Il-10 in gingival tissues, and altered the oral and gut microbiomes. LA5 increased the diversity of the oral microbiome of Aa+Sg infected mice, and Aa+Sg and Aa+Sg+LA5 oral or gut microbiomes clustered apart. LA5 induced shifts in Aa+Sg infected mice by increasing the abundance of Muribaculaceae and decreasing Bifidobacteriaceae in the oral cavity and increasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobiae and Eggerthellales in the gut. In conclusion, LA5 oral administration controls experimental Aa-associated periodontitis by altering inflammatory gene expression and the oral and gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela R. Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Periodontology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando H. Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Catarina M. Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Karin H. Ishikawa
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Ellen S. Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Aline R. Carlucci
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
| | - Leticia S. Arroteia
- Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; (L.S.A.)
| | - Renato V. Casarin
- Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; (L.S.A.)
| | - Marcia P. A. Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (F.H.M.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil (E.S.A.-S.)
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13
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Mukherjee S, Chopra A, Karmakar S, Bhat SG. Periodontitis increases the risk of gastrointestinal dysfunction: an update on the plausible pathogenic molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38602474 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2339260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontitis is linked to many communicable and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancers. The oral-systemic link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases is attributed to the spread of inflammation, microbial products and microbes to distant organ systems. Oral bacteria reach the gut via swallowed saliva, whereby they induce gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Some periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas. gingivalis, Klebsiella, Helicobacter. Pylori, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus, Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetomcommitans and Streptococcus mutans can withstand the unfavorable acidic, survive in the gut and result in gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis increases gut inflammation, and induce dysplastic changes that lead to gut dysfunction. Various studies have linked oral bacteria, and oral-gut axis to various GIT disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, liver diseases, hepatocellular and pancreatic ductal carcinoma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Although the correlation between periodontitis and GIT disorders is well established, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which oral microflora induce these changes have not been discussed extensively. This review comprehensively discusses the intricate and unique molecular and immunological mechanisms by which periodontal pathogens can induce gut dysbiosis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mukherjee
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaswata Karmakar
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subraya Giliyar Bhat
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dental Surgery, Iman Abdulrahman Bin Faizal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Selvakumar B, Sekar P, Samsudin AR. Intestinal macrophages in pathogenesis and treatment of gut leakage: current strategies and future perspectives. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:607-619. [PMID: 38198217 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play key roles in tissue homeostasis, defense, disease, and repair. Macrophages are highly plastic and exhibit distinct functional phenotypes based on micro-environmental stimuli. In spite of several advancements in understanding macrophage biology and their different functional phenotypes in various physiological and pathological conditions, currently available treatment strategies targeting macrophages are limited. Macrophages' high plasticity and diverse functional roles-including tissue injury and wound healing mechanisms-mark them as potential targets to mine for efficient therapeutics to treat diseases. Despite mounting evidence on association of gut leakage with several extraintestinal diseases, there is no targeted standard therapy to treat gut leakage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic strategies to treat this condition. Macrophages are the cells that play the largest role in interacting with the gut microbiota in the intestinal compartment and exert their intended functions in injury and repair mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the origins and phenotypes of macrophages. The specific role of macrophages in intestinal barrier function, their role in tissue repair mechanisms, and their association with gut microbiota are discussed. In addition, currently available therapies and the putative tissue repair mediators of macrophages for treating microbiota dysbiosis induced gut leakage are also discussed. The overall aim of this review is to convey the intense need to screen for microbiota induced macrophage-released prorepair mediators, which could lead to the identification of potential candidates that could be developed for treating the leaky gut and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Selvakumar
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyadharshini Sekar
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Rani Samsudin
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Yay E, Yilmaz M, Toygar H, Balci N, Alvarez Rivas C, Bolluk Kılıç B, Zirh A, Paster BJ, Kantarci A. Oral and gut microbial profiling in periodontitis and Parkinson's disease. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2331264. [PMID: 38528960 PMCID: PMC10962298 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2331264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PA) alters the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome. Method Patients with periodontitis with Parkinson's disease (PA+P) and without PA (P) and systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (HC) were enrolled. Clinical, periodontal and neurological parameters were recorded. The severity of PA motor functions was measured. Unstimulated saliva samples and stool samples were collected. Next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (V1-V3 regions) was performed. Results PA patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunction and comparable plaque scores as those without, indicating that oral hygiene was efficient in the PA+P group. In saliva, there were statistically significant differences in beta diversity between HC and PA+P (p = 0.001), HC and P (p = 0.001), and P and PA+P (p = 0.028). The microbial profiles of saliva and fecal samples were distinct. Mycoplasma faucium, Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) were increased in P; Prevotella pallens, Prevotella melaninogenica, Neisseria multispecies were more abundant in PA+P group, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Dialister succinatiphilus, Butyrivibrio crossotus and Alloprevotella tannerae were detected in fecal samples in P groups compared to healthy controls. Conclusions No significant differences were detected between Parkinson's and non-Parkinson's gut microbiomes, suggesting that Parkinson's disease modifies the oral microbiome in periodontitis subjects independent of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Yay
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Periodontist, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Yilmaz
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Toygar
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carla Alvarez Rivas
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ali Zirh
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Jia L, Jiang Y, Wu L, Fu J, Du J, Luo Z, Guo L, Xu J, Liu Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis aggravates colitis via a gut microbiota-linoleic acid metabolism-Th17/Treg cell balance axis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1617. [PMID: 38388542 PMCID: PMC10883948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is closely related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An excessive and non-self-limiting immune response to the dysbiotic microbiome characterizes the two. However, the underlying mechanisms that overlap still need to be clarified. We demonstrate that the critical periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) aggravates intestinal inflammation and Th17/Treg cell imbalance in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Specifically, metagenomic and metabolomic analyses shows that oral administration of Pg increases levels of the Bacteroides phylum but decreases levels of the Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria phyla. Nevertheless, it suppresses the linoleic acid (LA) pathway in the gut microbiota, which was the target metabolite that determines the degree of inflammation and functions as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand to suppress Th17 differentiation while promoting Treg cell differentiation via the phosphorylation of Stat1 at Ser727. Therapeutically restoring LA levels in colitis mice challenged with Pg exerts anti-colitis effects by decreasing the Th17/Treg cell ratio in an AHR-dependent manner. Our study suggests that Pg aggravates colitis via a gut microbiota-LA metabolism-Th17/Treg cell balance axis, providing a potential therapeutically modifiable target for IBD patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lili Wu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jingfei Fu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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17
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Chopra A, Franco-Duarte R, Rajagopal A, Choowong P, Soares P, Rito T, Eberhard J, Jayasinghe TN. Exploring the presence of oral bacteria in non-oral sites of patients with cardiovascular diseases using whole metagenomic data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1476. [PMID: 38233502 PMCID: PMC10794416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass various conditions affecting the heart and its blood vessels and are often linked with oral microbes. Our data analysis aimed to identify oral bacteria from other non-oral sites (i.e., gut, arterial plaque and cultured blood) that could be linked with CVDs. Taxonomic profiling identified bacteria to the species level and compared with the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). The oral bacteria in the gut, cultured blood and arterial plaque samples were catalogued, with their average frequency calculated for each sample. Additionally, data were filtered by comparison with the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) database. We identified 17,243 microbial species, of which 410 were present in the HOMD database and further denominated as "oral", and were found in at least one gut sample, but only 221 and 169 species were identified in the cultured blood and plaque samples, respectively. Of the 410 species, 153 were present solely in oral-associated environments after comparison with the HMP database, irrespective of their presence in other body sites. Our results suggest a potential connection between the presence of specific species of oral bacterial and occurrence of CVDs. Detecting these oral bacterial species in non-oral sites of patients with CVDs could help uncover the link between oral health and general health, including cardiovascular conditions via bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ricardo Franco-Duarte
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Biosustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anjale Rajagopal
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Phannaphat Choowong
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pedro Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Biosustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rito
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Biosustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thilini N Jayasinghe
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Kuraji R, Ye C, Zhao C, Gao L, Martinez A, Miyashita Y, Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Le C, Zhan L, Range H, Sunohara M, Numabe Y, Kapila YL. Nisin lantibiotic prevents NAFLD liver steatosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress following periodontal disease by abrogating oral, gut and liver dysbiosis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:3. [PMID: 38233485 PMCID: PMC10794237 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiome dysbiosis mediates chronic periodontal disease, gut microbial dysbiosis, and mucosal barrier disfunction that leads to steatohepatitis via the enterohepatic circulation. Improving this dysbiosis towards health may improve liver disease. Treatment with antibiotics and probiotics have been used to modulate the microbial, immunological, and clinical landscape of periodontal disease with some success. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the potential for nisin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis, to counteract the periodontitis-associated gut dysbiosis and to modulate the glycolipid-metabolism and inflammation in the liver. Periodontal pathogens, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum, were administrated topically onto the oral cavity to establish polymicrobial periodontal disease in mice. In the context of disease, nisin treatment significantly shifted the microbiome towards a new composition, commensurate with health while preventing the harmful inflammation in the small intestine concomitant with decreased villi structural integrity, and heightened hepatic exposure to bacteria and lipid and malondialdehyde accumulation in the liver. Validation with RNA Seq analyses, confirmed the significant infection-related alteration of several genes involved in mitochondrial dysregulation, oxidative phosphorylation, and metal/iron binding and their restitution following nisin treatment. In support of these in vivo findings indicating that periodontopathogens induce gastrointestinal and liver distant organ lesions, human autopsy specimens demonstrated a correlation between tooth loss and severity of liver disease. Nisin's ability to shift the gut and liver microbiome towards a new state commensurate with health while mitigating enteritis, represents a novel approach to treating NAFLD-steatohepatitis-associated periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kuraji
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changchang Ye
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanjiang Zhao
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - April Martinez
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yukihiro Miyashita
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Allan Radaic
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sections of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sections of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles Le
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ling Zhan
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helene Range
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, University of Rennes, UFR of Odontology; Service d'Odontologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
- INSERM CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer); CIC 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Masataka Sunohara
- Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Sections of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Pourali G, Kazemi D, Chadeganipour AS, Arastonejad M, Kashani SN, Pourali R, Maftooh M, Akbarzade H, Fiuji H, Hassanian SM, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Avan A. Microbiome as a biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:16. [PMID: 38183010 PMCID: PMC10768369 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the effects of the microbiome on the development of different types of cancer has recently received increasing research attention. In this context, the microbial content of organs of the gastrointestinal tract has been proposed to play a potential role in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC). Proposed mechanisms for the pathogenesis of PC include persistent inflammation caused by microbiota leading to an impairment of antitumor immune surveillance and altered cellular processes in the tumor microenvironment. The limited available diagnostic markers that can currently be used for screening suggest the importance of microbial composition as a non-invasive biomarker that can be used in clinical settings. Samples including saliva, stool, and blood can be analyzed by 16 s rRNA sequencing to determine the relative abundance of specific bacteria. Studies have shown the potentially beneficial effects of prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, and bacteriophage therapy in altering microbial diversity, and subsequently improving treatment outcomes. In this review, we summarize the potential impact of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of PC, and the role these microorganisms might play as biomarkers in the diagnosis and determining the prognosis of patients. We also discuss novel treatment methods being used to minimize or prevent the progression of dysbiosis by modulating the microbial composition. Emerging evidence is supportive of applying these findings to improve current therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Danial Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Arastonejad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Roozbeh Pourali
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbarzade
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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20
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Kheur S, Ghosal S, Desai KM. Oral Microbial and Molecular Cross Talk between SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Mellitus - A Mini Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e260423216221. [PMID: 37170990 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230426152606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiome has long been considered a measure of overall systemic health. It is often significantly altered in case of chronic inflammation or any other systemic infection. Therefore, a shift in oral microbiota and oral health is bound to be observed in diabetics infected with the coronavirus. The prognosis of COVID-19 in a diabetic individual is often worse than that in a healthy individual. The increased pathogenicity of coronavirus in diabetics is due to the peculiar ways in which it interacts with specific physiological mechanisms in a diabetic patient and vice versa. Diabetes Mellitus Type-II (DM -II) is one of the most frequently associated co-morbidities in a COVID-19 patient, and therefore it is even more pertinent that their interrelationship is understood. It is essential to recognize the above-mentioned interactions and consider their implications while treating susceptible patients. This article attempts to review and summarize the said vital interactions. Additionally, it attempts to guide and prepare oral health professionals on what to expect and how to treat diabetic patients in a future where coronavirus is, as unfortunate as it is, a regularity and not a rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
| | - Sushmita Ghosal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
| | - Karishma Madhusudan Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
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21
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Lee S, Haraga H, Satoh T, Mutoh N, Watanabe K, Hamada N, Tani-Ishii N. Effect of periodontitis induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum on the microbiota of the gut and surrounding organs. Odontology 2024; 112:177-184. [PMID: 37432500 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissues suggests that periodontitis may alter gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence and infection route of periodontal inflammation caused by F. nucleatum, and microbiota of the gut and surrounding organs (heart, liver, kidney). Wistar female rats were orally inoculated with F. nucleatum to establish an experimental periodontitis model that was confirmed by X-ray imaging and histopathological analysis. The mandibles, gut, liver, heart, and kidneys were collected from the experimental group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and from the uninfected control group at 0 weeks, for DNA extraction for PCR amplification and comprehensive microbiota analysis using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Imaging confirmed the onset of periodontitis at 2 weeks post-inoculation, and histopathology showed inflammatory cell infiltration from 2 to 8 weeks. PCR and comprehensive microbiota analysis showed the presence of F. nucleatum in the heart and liver at 2 weeks, and in the liver at 4 and 8 weeks. There were changes of microbiota of the gut, heart, liver, and kidneys at 4 weeks: namely, decreased Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes, and increased Firmicutes. F. nucleatum induced the onset of periodontitis and infected the heart and liver in rats. As the periodontic lesion progressed, the microbiota of the gut, liver, heart, and kidneys were altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Lee
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Haraga
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
- Ministry of Defense Japan Self-Defense Forces Hospital Yokosuka, 1766-1 Tauraminato-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0071, Japan
| | - Takenori Satoh
- Department of Molecular-Biology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Noriko Mutoh
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Watanabe
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.
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22
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Gupta U, Dey P. The oral microbial odyssey influencing chronic metabolic disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38145405 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2296346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, oral microbes likely hold the potential to influence metabolic disease by affecting the gut microbiota. METHOD A thorough review of literature has been performed to link the alterations in oral microbiota with chronic metabolic disease by influencing the gut microbiota. RESULT A strong correlation exists between abnormalities in oral microbiota and several systemic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which likely initially manifest as oral diseases. Ensuring adequate oral hygiene practices and cultivating diverse oral microflora are crucial for the preservation of general well-being. Oral bacteria have the ability to establish and endure in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to the development of prolonged inflammation and activation of the immune system. Oral microbe-associated prophylactic strategies could be beneficial in mitigating metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Oral microbiota can have a profound impact on the gut microbiota and influence the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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23
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Tortora SC, Agurto MG, Martello LA. The oral-gut-circulatory axis: from homeostasis to colon cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1289452. [PMID: 38029267 PMCID: PMC10663299 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1289452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is widely recognized as providing crucial health benefits to its host, specifically by modulating immune homeostasis. Microbial imbalance, known as dysbiosis, is linked to several conditions in the body. The oral cavity and gut host the two largest microbial communities playing a major role in microbial-associated diseases. While the oral-gut axis has been previously explored, our review uniquely highlights the significance of incorporating the circulatory system into this axis. The interaction between immune cells, inflammatory factors, circulating bacteria, and microbial metabolites influences the homeostasis of both the oral and gut microbiota in a bidirectional manner. In this comprehensive review, we aim to describe the bacterial components of the oral-gut-circulatory axis in both health and disease, with a specific focus on colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C. Tortora
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Maria Gonzalez Agurto
- Departamento de Rehabilitación Craneofacial Integral, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura A. Martello
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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24
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Park S, Kim I, Han SJ, Kwon S, Min EJ, Cho W, Koh H, Koo BN, Lee JS, Kwon JS, Seo KY, Ha JW, Park YM. Oral Porphyromonas gingivalis infection affects intestinal microbiota and promotes atherosclerosis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1553-1567. [PMID: 37621247 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM The link between periodontitis and intestinal dysbiosis, two factors that contribute to atherosclerosis, has not been clearly defined. We investigated the integrative effects of oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), the major pathogen for periodontitis, on intestinal microbiota and atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed a normal chow diet (NC), a Western diet (WD) or a WD with oral PG infection (PG). The PG infection was investigated by placing a total of 109 CFUs of live PG into the oral cavity of each mouse using a feeding needle five times a week for 3 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions of the aortae were measured, and blood lipoproteins and the expression of molecules related to lipid metabolism in the liver were analysed. We also performed 16S RNA sequencing and a microbiome analysis using faeces. RESULTS En face bloc preparation of the aortae showed that the PG group had a 1.7-fold increase in atherosclerotic lesions compared with the WD group (p < .01). Serum analyses showed that oral PG infection induced a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride. Western blots of hepatic tissue lysates revealed that PG infection reduced the expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) in the liver by 50%. Faecal microbiota analysis revealed that species richness estimates (Chao1, ACE) decreased immediately after PG infection. PG infection also induced a significant decrease in Shannon diversity and an increase in Simpson's indices in the WD-fed mice. PG infection significantly increased the phyla Actinobacteria and Deferribacteres, along with the species Mucispirillum schaedleri and Lactobacillus gasseri, in the mice. The functional study showed that PG infection increased the expression of proteins that function in carbohydrate and glucose metabolism, including phosphotransferase system (PTS) proteins and the GntR family transcriptional regulator. CONCLUSIONS Oral PG infection promotes atherosclerosis and induces significant metabolic changes, including reduced serum HDL and reduced hepatic SR-B1 and ABCA1 expression, as well as changes in intestinal microbiota. Our study suggests that intestinal dysbiosis accompanies periodontitis and could play a role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Kwon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Min
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonkyoung Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Won Ha
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Pacheco-Yanes J, Reynolds E, Li J, Mariño E. Microbiome-targeted interventions for the control of oral-gut dysbiosis and chronic systemic inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:912-925. [PMID: 37730461 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has confirmed the strong connection between imbalances in the oral and gut microbiome (oral-gut dysbiosis), periodontitis, and inflammatory conditions such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Microbiome modulation is crucial for preventing and treating several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. However, the causal relationships between the microbiome and its derived metabolites that mediate periodontitis and chronic inflammation constitute a notable knowledge gap. Here we review the mechanisms involved in the microbiome-host crosstalk, and describe novel precision medicine for the control of systemic inflammation. As microbiome-targeted therapies begin to enter clinical trials, the success of these approaches relies upon understanding these reciprocal microbiome-host interactions, and it may provide new therapeutic avenues to reduce the risk of periodontitis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pacheco-Yanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Reynolds
- Oral Health Collaborative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; ImmunoBiota Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Lan Z, Liu WJ, Cui H, Zou KL, Chen H, Zhao YY, Yu GT. The role of oral microbiota in cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1253025. [PMID: 37954233 PMCID: PMC10634615 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global challenge, with an estimated 47% increase in cancer patients from 2020 to 2040. Increasing research has identified microorganism as a risk factor for cancer development. The oral cavity, second only to the colon, harbors more than 700 bacterial species and serves as a crucial microbial habitat. Although numerous epidemiological studies have reported associations between oral microorganisms and major systemic tumors, the relationship between oral microorganisms and cancers remains largely unclear. Current research primarily focuses on respiratory and digestive system tumors due to their anatomical proximity to the oral cavity. The relevant mechanism research mainly involves 47% dominant oral microbial population that can be cultured in vitro. However, further exploration is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association between oral microbiota and tumors. This review systematically summarizes the reported correlations between oral microbiota and common cancers while also outlining potential mechanisms that may guide biological tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jia Liu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Long Zou
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yue Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Pei S, Feng L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Li J, Zheng Q, Liu X, Luo B, Ruan Y, Li H, Hu W, Niu J, Tian T. Effects of long-term metal exposure on the structure and co-occurrence patterns of the oral microbiota of residents around a mining area. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264619. [PMID: 37928665 PMCID: PMC10620801 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to heavy metals on the microbiome of the buccal mucosa, to unveil the link between environmental contamination and the oral microbial ecosystem, and to comprehend its potential health implications. Methods Subjects were divided into two groups: the exposure group and the control group. We collected samples of buccal mucosa, soil, and blood, and conducted microbial diversity analysis on both groups of oral samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The concentrations of heavy metals in blood and soil samples were also determined. Additionally, microbial networks were constructed for the purpose of topological analysis. Results Due to long-term exposure to heavy metals, the relative abundance of Rhodococcus, Delftia, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus increased, while the abundance of Streptococcus, Gemella, Prevotella, Granulicatella, and Porphyromonas decreased. The concentrations of heavy metals in the blood (Pb, Cd, Hg, and Mo) were associated with the growth of Rhodococcus, Delftia, Porphyromonas, and Gemella. In addition, the relative abundances of some pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus anginosus, S. gordonii, and S. mutans, were found to be enriched in the exposure group. Compared to the exposure group network, the control group network had a greater number of nodes, modules, interactive species, and keystone taxa. Module hubs and connectors in the control group converted into peripherals in the exposure group, indicating that keystone taxa changed. Metals in the blood (Pb, Cd, Hg, and Mo) were drivers of the microbial network of the buccal mucosa, which can have adverse effects on the network, thus providing conditions for the occurrence of certain diseases. Conclusion Long-term exposure to multiple metals perturbs normal bacterial communities in the buccal mucosa of residents in contaminated areas. This exposure reduces the complexity and stability of the microbial network and increases the risk of developing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Pei
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- Child Health Department, Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangyun Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xingrong Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Luo
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weigang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingping Niu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Leonov GE, Varaeva YR, Livantsova EN, Starodubova AV. The Complicated Relationship of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Oral Microbiome: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2749. [PMID: 37893122 PMCID: PMC10604844 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiome has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound implications for human health. The involvement of short-chain fatty acids in oral microbiome composition, oral health, and chronic inflammation is gaining increasing attention. In this narrative review, the results of early in vitro, in vivo, and pilot clinical studies and research projects are presented in order to define the boundaries of this new complicated issue. According to the results, the current research data are disputable and ambiguous. When investigating the role of SCFAs in human health and disease, it is crucial to distinguish between their local GI effects and the systemic influences. Locally, SCFAs are a part of normal oral microbiota metabolism, but the increased formation of SCFAs usually attribute to dysbiosis; excess SCFAs participate in the development of local oral diseases and in oral biota gut colonization and dysbiosis. On the other hand, a number of studies have established the positive impact of SCFAs on human health as a whole, including the reduction of chronic systemic inflammation, improvement of metabolic processes, and decrease of some types of cancer incidence. Thus, a complex and sophisticated approach with consideration of origin and localization for SCFA function assessment is demanded. Therefore, more research, especially clinical research, is needed to investigate the complicated relationship of SCFAs with health and disease and their potential role in prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy E Leonov
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yurgita R Varaeva
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Livantsova
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V Starodubova
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
- Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Plummer AM, Matos YL, Lin HC, Ryman SG, Birg A, Quinn DK, Parada AN, Vakhtin AA. Gut-brain pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 neurocognitive symptoms. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232480. [PMID: 37841680 PMCID: PMC10568482 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of non-hospitalized coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients report chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some of the most persistent and common complaints of this post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are cognitive in nature, described subjectively as "brain fog" and also objectively measured as deficits in executive function, working memory, attention, and processing speed. The mechanisms of these chronic cognitive sequelae are currently not understood. SARS-CoV-2 inflicts damage to cerebral blood vessels and the intestinal wall by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and also by evoking production of high levels of systemic cytokines, compromising the brain's neurovascular unit, degrading the intestinal barrier, and potentially increasing the permeability of both to harmful substances. Such substances are hypothesized to be produced in the gut by pathogenic microbiota that, given the profound effects COVID-19 has on the gastrointestinal system, may fourish as a result of intestinal post-COVID-19 dysbiosis. COVID-19 may therefore create a scenario in which neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory substances readily proliferate from the gut lumen and encounter a weakened neurovascular unit, gaining access to the brain and subsequently producing cognitive deficits. Here, we review this proposed PACS pathogenesis along the gut-brain axis, while also identifying specific methodologies that are currently available to experimentally measure each individual component of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Plummer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yvette L. Matos
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sephira G. Ryman
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Aleksandr Birg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alisha N. Parada
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrei A. Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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30
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Oh S, Lee HJ, Park KU. Metagenomic characterization of the microbiomes in five different body habitats of otherwise healthy individuals with periodontal disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257816. [PMID: 37780855 PMCID: PMC10534035 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have proposed several plausible mechanisms supporting the association between periodontal disease and systemic disease. However, characterizing the microbial communities in individuals with periodontal disease before onset of other diseases is an important first step in determining how the altered microbial state contributes to disease progression. This study established microbiome profiles for five body habitats of carefully selected, otherwise healthy individuals with periodontal disease. Methods Blood, oral (buccal mucosa, dental plaque, and saliva), and stool samples were collected from ten healthy subjects with periodontal disease. Using 16S rRNA metagenomics, the taxonomic and functional compositions of microbiomes were investigated. Results The most predominant phylum in blood and stool was Bacillota. Pseudomonadota accounted for the largest proportion of microbes in the buccal mucosa and saliva, whereas Bacteroidota were the most prevalent in dental plaque. Differential abundance analysis revealed that 12 phyla and 139 genera were differentially abundant between body habitats. Comparison of alpha diversity showed that the blood microbiome has the most diverse community close to neither oral nor stool microbiomes. We also predicted the functional configurations of the microbiome in otherwise healthy subjects with periodontal disease. Principal coordinate analysis based on functional abundance revealed distinct clustering of the microbial communities between different body habitats, as also observed for taxonomic abundance. In addition, 13 functional pathways, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and proteasome, showed differential expression between habitats. Discussion Our results offer insight into the effects of the microbiome on systemic health and disease in people with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Siddiqui R, Badran Z, Boghossian A, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Khan NA. The increasing importance of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO856. [PMID: 37621848 PMCID: PMC10445586 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the aim is to discuss the current knowledge of microbiome and periodontal diseases. Current treatment strategies include mechanical therapy such as root planing, scaling, deep pocket debridement and antimicrobial chemotherapy as an adjuvant therapy. Among promising therapeutic strategies, dental probiotics and oral microbiome transplantation have gained attention, and may be used to treat bacterial imbalances by competing with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and adhesion surfaces, as well as probiotics targeting the gut microbiome. Development of strategies to prevent and treat periodontal diseases are warranted as both are highly prevalent and can affect human health. Further studies are necessary to better comprehend the microbiome in order to develop innovative preventative measures as well as efficacious therapies against periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts & Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Zahi Badran
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Preventive & Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anania Boghossian
- College of Arts & Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad M Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Alfahemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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32
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Gao Y, Zhang P, Wei Y, Ye C, Mao D, Xia D, Luo Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates alcoholic liver disease by altering gut microbiota composition and host immune response in mice. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1253-1263. [PMID: 37381658 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, increases the risk of systemic diseases. P. gingivalis infection is closely associated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of P. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of ALD. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ALD mouse model was established using a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet, and C57BL/6 mice were treated with P. gingivalis to detect the pathological indicators of ALD. RESULTS Oral administration of P. gingivalis exacerbated alcohol-induced alterations in the gut microbiota, leading to gut barrier dysfunction and inflammatory response and disruption of the T-helper 17 cell/T-regulatory cell ratio in the colon of ALD mice. Furthermore, P. gingivalis worsened liver inflammation in ALD mice by increasing the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p65, increasing the mRNA expression of interleukins-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and up-regulating the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) production. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that P. gingivalis accelerates the pathogenesis of ALD via the oral-gut-liver axis, necessitating a new treatment strategy for patients with ALD complicated by periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Wei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dasheng Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Yay E, Yilmaz M, Toygar H, Balci N, Alvarez Rivas C, Bolluk Kilic B, Zirh A, Paster B, Kantarci A. Parkinson's disease alters the composition of subgingival microbiome. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2250650. [PMID: 37649970 PMCID: PMC10464550 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2250650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome. Materials and Methods Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Subgingival samples from healthy controls, periodontitis patients (PD), and Parkinson's patients with periodontitis (PA+PD) were analyzed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for targeting 40 bacterial species typically associated with periodontal disease and health. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 regions) was performed to analyze the microbiome comprehensively. Results Parkinson's patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunctions. Bleeding on probing was significantly increased in the PA+PD group compared to PD (p < 0.05). With checkerboard analysis, PA was associated with increased Treponema socranskii (p = 0.0062), Peptostreptococcaceae_[G-6] [Eubacterium]_nodatum (p = 0.0439), Parvimona micra (p < 0.0001), Prevotella melaninogenica (p = 0.0002), Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum (p < 0.0001), and Streptococcus anginosus (p = 0.0020). Streptococcus intermedia (p = 0.0042), P.nodatum (p = 0.0022), P. micra (p = 0.0002), Treponema denticola (p = 0.0045), L.saburreum (p = 0.0267), P.melaninogenica (p = 0.0017), Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.0020), and T.socranskii (p = 0.0002) were higher; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.0072) was lower in deep pockets in the PA+PD compared to PD. Schaalia odontolytica (p = 0.0351) and A.actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.002) were lower; C.rectus (p = 0.0002), P. micra (p = 0065), Streptococcus constellatus (p = 0.0151), T.denticola (p = 0.0141), P.melaninogenica (p = 0.0057), and T.socranskii (p = 0.0316) were higher in shallow pockets in the PA+PD. Diversity decreased in PD (p = 0.001) and PA+PD (p = 0.026) compared to control, with minimal differences in alpha and beta diversities among PD and PA+PD based on NGS results. Conclusion These data demonstrated that Parkinson's disease modifies PD-associated subgingival microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Yay
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Yilmaz
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Toygar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carla Alvarez Rivas
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basak Bolluk Kilic
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zirh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bruce Paster
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang L, Feng Z, Li Y, Lv C, Li C, Hu Y, Fu M, Song L. Salivary and fecal microbiota: potential new biomarkers for early screening of colorectal polyps. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1182346. [PMID: 37655344 PMCID: PMC10467446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Gut microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis through microbes and their metabolites, while oral pathogens are the major components of CRC-associated microbes. Multiple studies have identified gut and fecal microbiome-derived biomarkers for precursors lesions of CRC detection. However, few studies have used salivary samples to predict colorectal polyps. Therefore, in order to find new noninvasive colorectal polyp biomarkers, we searched into the differences in fecal and salivary microbiota between patients with colorectal polyps and healthy controls. Methods In this case-control study, we collected salivary and fecal samples from 33 patients with colorectal polyps (CP) and 22 healthy controls (HC) between May 2021 and November 2022. All samples were sequenced using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing and compared with the Nucleotide Sequence Database. The salivary and fecal microbiota signature of colorectal polyps was established by alpha and beta diversity, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) and random forest model analysis. In addition, the possibility of microbiota in identifying colorectal polyps was assessed by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). Results In comparison to the HC group, the CP group's microbial diversity increased in saliva and decreased in feces (p < 0.05), but there was no significantly difference in microbiota richness (p > 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in β-diversity of salivary and fecal microbiota between the CP and HC groups. Moreover, LEfSe analysis at the species level identified Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Leptotrichia wadei, Prevotella intermedia, and Megasphaera micronuciformis as the major contributors to the salivary microbiota, and Ruminococcus gnavus, Bacteroides ovatus, Parabacteroides distasonis, Citrobacter freundii, and Clostridium symbiosum to the fecal microbiota of patients with polyps. Salivary and fecal bacterial biomarkers showed Area Under ROC Curve of 0.8167 and 0.8051, respectively, which determined the potential of diagnostic markers in distinguishing patients with colorectal polyps from controls, and it increased to 0.8217 when salivary and fecal biomarkers were combined. Conclusion The composition and diversity of the salivary and fecal microbiota were significantly different in colorectal polyp patients compared to healthy controls, with an increased abundance of harmful bacteria and a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria. A promising non-invasive tool for the detection of colorectal polyps can be provided by potential biomarkers based on the microbiota of the saliva and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiting Lv
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ishida E, Furusho H, Renn TY, Shiba F, Chang HM, Oue H, Terayama R, Ago Y, Tsuga K, Miyauchi M. Mouse maternal odontogenic infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis induces cognitive decline in offspring. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1203894. [PMID: 37635786 PMCID: PMC10450928 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1203894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, causes intrauterine infection/inflammation. Offspring exposed to intrauterine infection/inflammation have an increased risk of neurological disorders, regardless of gestational age. However, the relationship between maternal periodontitis and offspring functional/histological changes in the brain has not yet been elucidated. Methods In this study, we used a gestational mouse model to investigate the effects of maternal odontogenic infection of P. gingivalis on offspring behavior and brain tissue. Results The step-through passive avoidance test showed that the latency of the acquisition trial was significantly shorter in the P. gingivalis group (p < 0.05), but no difference in spontaneous motor/exploratory parameters by open-field test. P. gingivalis was diffusely distributed throughout the brain, especially in the hippocampus. In the hippocampus and amygdala, the numbers of neuron cells and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein-positive cells were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), whereas the number of ionized calcium binding adapter protein 1-positive microglia was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In the hippocampus, the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes was also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Discussion The offspring of P. gingivalis-infected mothers have reduced cognitive function. Neurodegeneration/neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and amygdala may be caused by P. gingivalis infection, which is maternally transmitted. The importance of eliminating maternal P. gingivalis-odontogenic infection before or during gestation in maintenance healthy brain function in offspring should be addressed in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ishida
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ting-Yi Renn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fumie Shiba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Oue
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Terayama
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuga
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Hu L, Ni Z, Zhao K, Li X, Gao X, Kang Y, Yu Z, Qin Y, Zhao J, Peng W, Lu L, Sun H. The association between oral and gut microbiota in male patients with alcohol dependence. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1203678. [PMID: 37577447 PMCID: PMC10422022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between oral and gut microbiota in alcohol dependence (AD) is not well understood, particularly the effects of oral microbiota on the intestinal microbiota. The current study aimed to explore the association between oral and gut microbiota in AD to clarify whether oral microbiota could ectopically colonize into the gut. Methods 16S rRNA sequence libraries were used to compare oral and gut microbial profiles in persons with AD and healthy controls (HC). Source Tracker and NetShift were used to identify bacteria responsible for ectopic colonization and indicate the driver function of ectopic colonization bacteria. Results The α-diversity of oral microbiota and intestinal microbiota was significantly decreased in persons with AD (all p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis indicated greater similarity between oral and gut microbiota in persons with AD than that in HC, and oral-gut overlaps in microbiota were found for 9 genera in persons with AD relative to only 3 genera in HC. The contribution ratio of oral microbiota to intestinal microbiota composition in AD is 5.26% based on Source Tracker,and the AD with ectopic colonization showed the daily maximum standard drinks, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin content, and PACS scores decreasing (all p < 0.05). Discussion Results highlight the connection between oral-gut microbiota in AD and suggest novel potential mechanistic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Hu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Ni
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangqing Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxue Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Gao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhoulong Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qin
- The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Peng
- The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-DG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
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Basilicata M, Pieri M, Marrone G, Nicolai E, Di Lauro M, Paolino V, Tomassetti F, Vivarini I, Bollero P, Bernardini S, Noce A. Saliva as Biomarker for Oral and Chronic Degenerative Non-Communicable Diseases. Metabolites 2023; 13:889. [PMID: 37623833 PMCID: PMC10456419 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a very complex fluid and it is essential to maintain several physiological processes and functions, including oral health, taste, digestion and immunological defenses. Saliva composition and the oral microbiome can be influenced by several factors, like diet and smoking habits, and their alteration can represent an important access point for pathogens and, thus, for systemic illness onset. In this review, we explore the potentiality of saliva as a new tool for the early detection of some pathological conditions, such as oral diseases, chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases, among these chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also examined the possible correlation between oral and systemic diseases and oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In particular, we deeply analyzed the relationship between oral diseases and CKD. In this context, some salivary parameters can represent a new device to detect either oral or systemic pathologies. Moreover, the positive modulation of oral and gut microbiota induced by prebiotics, postbiotics, or symbiotics could represent a new possible adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of oral diseases and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Basilicata
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Paolino
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vivarini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Zhan C, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Huang S, Lin Z, He F, Song Z. Exploration of the shared gene signatures and molecular mechanisms between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from transcriptome data. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad041. [PMID: 37456714 PMCID: PMC10348870 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis disease (PD) is associated with a systemic disorder of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The immune response is the common feature of the two conditions, but the more precise mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Differential expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed on PD and Crohn's disease (CD) data sets to identify crosstalk genes linking the two diseases. The proportions of infiltrating immune cells were calculated by using Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In addition, a data set of isolated neutrophils from the circulation was performed via WGCNA to obtain PD-related key modules. Then, single-cell gene set enrichment scores were computed for the key module and grouped neutrophils according to score order in the IBD scRNA-seq data set. Single-cell gene enrichment analysis was used to further explore the biological process of the neutrophils. Results A total of 13 crosstalk genes (IL1B, CSF3, CXCL1, CXCL6, FPR1, FCGR3B, SELE, MMP7, PROK2, SRGN, FCN1, TDO2 and CYP24A1) were identified via DEGs analysis and WGCNA by combining PD and CD data sets. The enrichment analysis showed that these genes were involved in interleukin-10 signaling and inflammatory response. The immune infiltration analysis showed a significant difference in the proportion of neutrophils in PD and CD compared with healthy patients. Neutrophils were scored based on the expression of a periodontitis-related gene set in the scRNA-seq data set of IBD. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that inflammatory response, TNFα signaling via NF-κB and interferon-gamma response were upregulated in the high-score group, which expressed more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared with the low-score group. Conclusions This study reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism linking periodontitis and IBD through crosstalk genes and neutrophils, which provides a theoretical framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuheng Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Feng He
- Corresponding authors. Feng He, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P. R. China. Tel: +86-20-81048181; ; Zhi Song, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P. R. China. Tel: +86-20-83861544; Fax: +86-20-83822807;
| | - Zhi Song
- Corresponding authors. Feng He, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P. R. China. Tel: +86-20-81048181; ; Zhi Song, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P. R. China. Tel: +86-20-83861544; Fax: +86-20-83822807;
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Adawi H, Aggarwal A, Jain S, Othman MA, Othman AAA, Zakri RA, Namazi SAM, Sori SA, Abuzawah LHA, Madkhali ZM. Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Oral Microbiota: A Systematic Review. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:602-614. [PMID: 36075269 PMCID: PMC10569860 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to systematically review the available literature to evaluate the changes in oral microbiota in patients after bariatric surgery (BS) and correlates these alterations in microorganisms with common oral manifestations. Relevant Electronic databases were systematically searched for indexed English literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for framework designing, application, and reporting of the current systematic review. The focused PICO question was: "Is there any change in oral microbiota (O) of patients (P) who underwent BS (I) when compared with non-BS groups (C)?' Seven articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. On application of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool, six studies were found to be of fair quality and one was of good quality. All the seven included studies evaluated the effect of BS on oral microbiota in humans. The outcomes of this review suggest that considerable changes take place in oral microbiota after BS which can be correlated with common oral manifestations. These changes are mainly due to the indirect effect of BS and may vary with the individuals. Due to variations in the included studies, it is difficult to proclaim any persistent pattern of oral microbiota found after BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Adawi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparna Aggarwal
- Private Practice, Vitaldent Dental Clinic, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Othman
- Experimental Oral Pathology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahlam A. A. Othman
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | | | | | - Sara A.Y. Sori
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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El-Baz AM, El-Ganiny AM, Hellal D, Anwer HM, El-Aziz HAA, Tharwat IE, El-Adawy MA, Helal SEDM, Mohamed MTA, Azb TM, Elshafaey HM, Shalata AA, Elmeligi SM, Abdelbary NH, El-Kott AF, Al-Saeed FA, Salem ET, El-Sokkary MMA, Shata A, Shabaan AA. Valuable effects of lactobacillus and citicoline on steatohepatitis: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and gut microbiota. AMB Express 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 37291355 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more dangerous form of chronic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the current investigation, the influence of citicoline on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH was examined, both alone and in combination with Lactobacillus (probiotic). NASH was induced by feeding HFD (10% sugar, 10% lard stearin, 2% cholesterol, and 0.5% cholic acid) to rats for 13 weeks and received single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg) after 4 weeks. Citicoline was given at two dose levels (250 mg and 500 mg, i.p.) at the beginning of the sixth week, and in combination with an oral suspension of Lactobacillus every day for eight weeks until the study's conclusion. HFD/STZ induced steatohepatitis as shown by histopathological changes, elevated serum liver enzymes, serum hyperlipidemia and hepatic fat accumulation. Moreover, HFD convinced oxidative stress by increased lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) and decreased antioxidant enzymes (GSH and TAC). Upregulation of TLR4/NF-kB and the downstream inflammatory cascade (TNF-α, and IL-6) as well as Pentaraxin, fetuin-B and apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and Bax) were observed. NASH rats also had massive increase in Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., E. coli, Clostridium spp., Providencia spp., Prevotella interrmedia, and P. gingivalis while remarkable drop in Bifidobacteria spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Co-treatment with citicoline alone and with Lactobacillus improve histopathological NASH outcomes and reversed all of these molecular pathological alterations linked to NASH via upregulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 and downregulating TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathways. These results suggest that citicoline and lactobacillus may represent new hepatoprotective strategies against NASH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Baz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakahlia, P.O. Box +11152, Egypt.
| | - Amira M El-Ganiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa Hellal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hala M Anwer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hend A Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim E Tharwat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Adawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Shehab El-Din M Helal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Menna Tallah A Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Tassnim M Azb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hanya M Elshafaey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - AbdulRahman A Shalata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Elmeligi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Noran H Abdelbary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman T Salem
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, 34518, Horus, New Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Shabaan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Tan X, Wang Y, Gong T. The interplay between oral microbiota, gut microbiota and systematic diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2213112. [PMID: 37200866 PMCID: PMC10187086 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2213112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the importance of microbiota in health and disease has become evident. The human gut microbiota and oral microbiota are the largest and second-largest microbiome in the human body, respectively, and they are physically connected as the oral cavity is the beginning of the digestive system. Emerging and exciting evidence has shown complex and important connections between gut microbiota and oral microbiota. The interplay of the two microbiomes may contribute to the pathological processes of many diseases, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and so on. In this review, we discuss possible routes and factors of oral microbiota to affect gut microbiota, and the contribution of this interplay between oral and gut microbiota to systemic diseases. Although most studies are association studies, recently, there have been increasing mechanistic investigations. This review aims to enhance the interest in the connection between oral and gut microbiota, and shows the tangible impact of this connection on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Tan
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Research & Development, Zhejiang Charioteer Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Taizhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Veres-Székely A, Szász C, Pap D, Szebeni B, Bokrossy P, Vannay Á. Zonulin as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disorders: Encouraging Results and Emerging Questions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087548. [PMID: 37108711 PMCID: PMC10139156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between dysbiosis and central nervous diseases has been proved in the last 10 years. Microbial alterations cause increased intestinal permeability, and the penetration of bacterial fragment and toxins induces local and systemic inflammatory processes, affecting distant organs, including the brain. Therefore, the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier plays a central role in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this review, we discuss recent findings on zonulin, an important tight junction regulator of intestinal epithelial cells, which is assumed to play a key role in maintaining of the blood-brain barrier function. In addition to focusing on the effect of microbiome on intestinal zonulin release, we also summarize potential pharmaceutical approaches to modulate zonulin-associated pathways with larazotide acetate and other zonulin receptor agonists or antagonists. The present review also addresses the emerging issues, including the use of misleading nomenclature or the unsolved questions about the exact protein sequence of zonulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apor Veres-Székely
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Szász
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos Pap
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szebeni
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Bokrossy
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Vannay
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
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43
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Pai SI, Matheus HR, Guastaldi FPS. Effects of periodontitis on cancer outcomes in the era of immunotherapy. THE LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e166-e175. [PMID: 37003275 PMCID: PMC10148268 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis results from dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and affects up to 70% of US adults aged 65 years and older. More than 50 systemic inflammatory disorders and comorbidities are associated with periodontitis, many of which overlap with immunotherapy-associated toxicities. Despite the increasing use of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer, uncertainty remains as to whether the microbial shift associated with periodontal disease can influence response rates and tolerance to cancer immunotherapy. We herein review the pathophysiology of periodontitis and the local and systemic inflammatory conditions related to oral dysbiosis, and discuss the overlapping adverse profiles of periodontitis and immunotherapy. The effects of the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen in periodontitis, highlight how the oral microbiome can affect the hosts' systemic immune responses, and further research into the local and systemic influence of other microorganisms causing periodontal disease is necessary. Addressing periodontitis in an ageing population of people with cancer could have potential implications for the clinical response to (and tolerability of) immunotherapy and warrants further investigation.
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Elghannam MT, Hassanien MH, Ameen YA, Turky EA, Elattar GM, ElRay AA, Eltalkawy MD. Oral microbiota and liver diseases. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:68-72. [PMID: 36963900 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in our health and particularly liver diseases, including NAFLD, cirrhosis, and HCC. Oral microbiome and its role in health and disease represent an active field of research. Several lines of evidence have suggested that oral microbiota dysbiosis represents a major factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of many liver diseases. The human microbiome is valuable to the diagnosis of cancer and provides a novel strategy for targeted therapy of HCC. The most studied liver disease in relation to oral-gut-liver axis dysbiosis includes MAFLD; however, other diseases include Precancerous liver disease as viral liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, AIH and liver carcinoma (HCC). It seems that restoring populations of beneficial organisms and correcting dysbiosis appears to improve outcomes in liver disorders. We discuss the possible role of oral microbiota in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Tharwat Elghannam
- TBRI, Warak ALHadar, P.O. Box 30 Imbaba, Cairo, Egypt; Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Aly ElRay
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
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Huang X, Huang X, Huang Y, Zheng J, Lu Y, Mai Z, Zhao X, Cui L, Huang S. The oral microbiome in autoimmune diseases: friend or foe? J Transl Med 2023; 21:211. [PMID: 36949458 PMCID: PMC10031900 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is colonized by abundant and diverse microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome. The oral cavity has more than 700 species of bacteria and consists of unique microbiome niches on mucosal surfaces, on tooth hard tissue, and in saliva. The homeostatic balance between the oral microbiota and the immune system plays an indispensable role in maintaining the well-being and health status of the human host. Growing evidence has demonstrated that oral microbiota dysbiosis is actively involved in regulating the initiation and progression of an array of autoimmune diseases.Oral microbiota dysbiosis is driven by multiple factors, such as host genetic factors, dietary habits, stress, smoking, administration of antibiotics, tissue injury and infection. The dysregulation in the oral microbiome plays a crucial role in triggering and promoting autoimmune diseases via several mechanisms, including microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, autoantigen overproduction, and amplification of autoimmune responses by cytokines. Good oral hygiene behaviors, low carbohydrate diets, healthy lifestyles, usage of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, oral microbiota transplantation and nanomedicine-based therapeutics are promising avenues for maintaining a balanced oral microbiome and treating oral microbiota-mediated autoimmune diseases. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota dysbiosis and autoimmune diseases is critical for providing novel insights into the development of oral microbiota-based therapeutic approaches for combating these refractory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiangyu Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Nogami A, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Saito S, Nakajima A, Yoneda M. Involvement of Periodontal Disease in the Pathogenesis and Exacerbation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051269. [PMID: 36904268 PMCID: PMC10004797 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), along with global lifestyle changes, requires further in-depth research to elucidate the mechanisms and develop new treatment strategies. In addition, the number of patients with periodontal disease has increased recently, suggesting that periodontal disease is sometimes associated with systemic conditions. In this review, we summarize recent studies linking periodontal disease and NAFLD, the concept of the mouth-gut-liver axis, oral and intestinal microbiota, and liver disease. We suggest new research directions toward a detailed mechanistic understanding and novel targets for treatment and prevention. Forty years have passed since the concepts of NAFLD and NASH were first proposed. however, no effective prevention or treatment has been established. We also found that the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH is not limited to liver-related diseases but has been reported to be associated with various systemic diseases and an increasing number of causes of death. In addition, changes in the intestinal microbiota have been shown to be a risk factor for periodontal diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Gastroenterology Division, 3-60-2 Harajyuku, Yokohama 245-8575, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, 255 Tsuko, Furusawa, Kawasaki 215-0026, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-787-2640
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Rashidi A, Koyama M, Dey N, McLean JS, Hill GR. Colonization resistance is dispensable for segregation of oral and gut microbiota. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 36814251 PMCID: PMC9948407 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral and colonic microbiota are distinct in healthy individuals. However, this distinction is diminished in common diseases such as colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting a potential pathogenic role for oral bacteria when ectopically colonized in the gut. A key mechanism for the segregation of oral and colonic microbiota niches is thought to be microbiota-mediated colonization resistance whereby the commensal gut microbiota outcompete and eliminate the ingested oral bacteria. METHODS We tested this theory by analyzing exact amplicon sequence variants generated from concurrent fecal and oral samples from healthy volunteers exposed to a brief course of a single antibiotic (cohort 1), acute leukemia patients (cohort 2), and stem cell transplant recipients (cohort 3). Cohorts 2 and 3 represent extreme clinical scenarios with respect to antibiotic pressure and severity of gut microbiota injury. RESULTS While mild antibiotic exposure in cohort 1 was not sufficient for colonization of any oral bacteria in the gut, even with extreme antibiotic pressure and severe gut microbiota disruptions in cohorts 2 and 3, only one oral species in each cohort colonized the gut. CONCLUSIONS Colonization resistance is dispensable for segregation of oral and colonic microbiota in humans. This finding implies that the presence of oral bacteria in the distal gut in diseases such as colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease is not driven by impaired colonization resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Rashidi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Motoko Koyama
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Neelendu Dey
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Jeffrey S. McLean
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Kuraji R, Shiba T, Dong TS, Numabe Y, Kapila YL. Periodontal treatment and microbiome-targeted therapy in management of periodontitis-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with oral and gut dysbiosis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:967-996. [PMID: 36844143 PMCID: PMC9950865 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence from multiple areas proposes that periodontal disease, accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the microbiome, induces gut dysbiosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A subgroup of NAFLD patients have a severely progressive form, namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by histological findings that include inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. NASH has a high risk of further progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The oral microbiota may serve as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbiota, and transport of oral bacteria through the gastro-intestinal tract can set up a gut microbiome dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis increases the production of potential hepatotoxins, including lipopolysaccharide, ethanol, and other volatile organic compounds such as acetone, phenol and cyclopentane. Moreover, gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability by disrupting tight junctions in the intestinal wall, leading to enhanced translocation of these hepatotoxins and enteric bacteria into the liver through the portal circulation. In particular, many animal studies support that oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a typical periodontopathic bacterium, induces disturbances in glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver with gut dysbiosis. NAFLD, also known as the hepatic phenotype of metabolic syndrome, is strongly associated with metabolic complications, such as obesity and diabetes. Periodontal disease also has a bidirectional relationship with metabolic syndrome, and both diseases may induce oral and gut microbiome dysbiosis with insulin resistance and systemic chronic inflammation cooperatively. In this review, we will describe the link between periodontal disease and NAFLD with a focus on basic, epidemiological, and clinical studies, and discuss potential mechanisms linking the two diseases and possible therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome. In conclusion, it is presumed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex crosstalk between periodontal disease, gut microbiota, and metabolic syndrome. Thus, the conventional periodontal treatment and novel microbiome-targeted therapies that include probiotics, prebiotics and bacteriocins would hold great promise for preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD and subsequent complications in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tien S Dong
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, University of California David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
- Sections of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, Professor and Associate Dean of Research, Felix and Mildred Yip Endowed Chair in Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Lu Y, Li Z, Peng X. Regulatory effects of oral microbe on intestinal microbiota and the illness. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1093967. [PMID: 36816583 PMCID: PMC9928999 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1093967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the association between oral health, intestinal microbiota, and systemic diseases has been further validated. Some oral microbial species have been isolated from pathological intestine mucosa or feces and identified as biomarkers for intestinal diseases. A small proportion of oral microbiome passes through or colonizes the lower gastrointestinal tract, even in healthy individuals. Opportunistic pathogens from the oral cavity may expand and participate in the occurrence and progression of intestinal diseases when the anatomical barrier is disrupted. These disruptors interact with the intestinal microbiota, disturbing indigenous microorganisms, and mucosal barriers through direct colonization, blood circulation, or derived metabolite pathways. While interacting with the host's immune system, oral-derived pathogens stimulate inflammation responses and guide the transition of the intestinal microenvironment from a healthy state to a pre-disease state. Therefore, the oral-gut microbiome axis sheds light on new clinical therapy options, and gastrointestinal tract ecology balance necessitates simultaneous consideration of both oral and gut microbiomes. This review summarizes possible routes of oral microbes entering the intestine and the effects of certain oral bacteria on intestinal microbiota and the host's immune responses.
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Mei T, Noguchi H, Kuraji R, Kubo S, Sato Y, Kaku K, Okabe Y, Onishi H, Nakamura M. Effects of periodontal pathogen-induced intestinal dysbiosis on transplant immunity in an allogenic skin graft model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:544. [PMID: 36631604 PMCID: PMC9834409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease can induce dysbiosis, a compositional and functional alteration in the microbiota. Dysbiosis induced by periodontal disease is known to cause systemic inflammation and may affect transplant immunity. Here, we examined the effects of periodontal disease-related intestinal dysbiosis on transplant immunity using a mouse model of allogenic skin graft in which the mice were orally administered the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). For 6 weeks, the Pg group orally received Pg while the control group orally received phosphate-buffered saline solution. After that, both groups received allogenic skin grafts. 16 s rRNA analysis of feces revealed that oral administration of Pg significantly increased three short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing genera. SCFA (acetate and propionate) levels were significantly higher in the Pg group (p = 0.040 and p = 0.005). The ratio of regulatory T cells, which are positively correlated with SCFAs, to total CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and spleen was significantly greater (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001) in the Pg group by flowcytometry. Finally, oral administration of Pg significantly prolonged skin graft survival (p < 0.001) and reduced pathological inflammation in transplanted skin grafts. In conclusion, periodontal pathogen-induced intestinal dysbiosis may affect transplant immunity through increased levels of SCFAs and regulatory T cells. (198 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Mei
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kubo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keizo Kaku
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okabe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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