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Wang L, Wan J, Xu Y, Huang Y, Wang D, Zhu D, Chen Q, Lu Y, Guo Q. Endothelial Cells Promote Pseudo-islet Function Through BTC-EGFR-JAK/STAT Signaling Pathways. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03548-3. [PMID: 38829457 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between cells are of fundamental importance in affecting cell function. In vivo, endothelial cells and islet cells are close to each other, which makes endothelial cells essential for islet cell development and maintenance of islet cell function. We used endothelial cells to construct 3D pseudo-islets, which demonstrated better glucose regulation and greater insulin secretion compared to conventional pseudo-islets in both in vivo and in vitro trials. However, the underlying mechanism of how endothelial cells promote beta cell function localized within islets is still unknown. We performed transcriptomic sequencing, differential gene analysis, and enrichment analysis on two types of pseudo-islets to show that endothelial cells can promote the function of internal beta cells in pseudo-islets through the BTC-EGFR-JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Min6 cells secreted additional BTC after co-culture of endothelial cells with MIN6 cells outside the body. After BTC knockout in vitro, we found that beta cells functioned differently: insulin secretion levels decreased significantly, while the expression of key proteins in the EGFR-mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway simultaneously decreased, further confirming our results. Through our experiments, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial cells maintain islet function in vitro, which provides a theoretical basis for the construction of pseudo-islets and islet cell transplants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qiyang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuhua Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingsong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Kato H, Salgado M, Mendez D, Gonzalez N, Rawson J, Ligot D, Balandran B, Orr C, Quijano JC, Omori K, Qi M, Al-Abdullah IH, Mullen Y, Ku HT, Kandeel F, Komatsu H. Biological hypoxia in pre-transplant human pancreatic islets induces transplant failure in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12402. [PMID: 38811610 PMCID: PMC11137081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the quality of isolated human islets before transplantation is crucial for predicting the success in treating Type 1 diabetes. The current gold standard involves time-intensive in vivo transplantation into diabetic immunodeficient mice. Given the susceptibility of isolated islets to hypoxia, we hypothesized that hypoxia present in islets before transplantation could indicate compromised islet quality, potentially leading to unfavorable outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed expression of 39 hypoxia-related genes in human islets from 85 deceased donors. We correlated gene expression profiles with transplantation outcomes in 327 diabetic mice, each receiving 1200 islet equivalents grafted into the kidney capsule. Transplantation outcome was post-transplant glycemic control based on area under the curve of blood glucose over 4 weeks. In linear regression analysis, DDIT4 (R = 0.4971, P < 0.0001), SLC2A8 (R = 0.3531, P = 0.0009) and HK1 (R = 0.3444, P = 0.0012) had the highest correlation with transplantation outcome. A multiple regression model of 11 genes increased the correlation (R = 0.6117, P < 0.0001). We conclude that assessing pre-transplant hypoxia in human islets via gene expression analysis is a rapid, viable alternative to conventional in vivo assessments. This approach also underscores the importance of mitigating pre-transplant hypoxia in isolated islets to improve the success rate of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mayra Salgado
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Daniel Mendez
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Nelson Gonzalez
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Doreen Ligot
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Bennie Balandran
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Chris Orr
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Janine C Quijano
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Keiko Omori
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Meirigeng Qi
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ismail H Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yoko Mullen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hirotake Komatsu
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes AND Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Shah P, Lueschen N, Ardestani A, Oberholzer J, Olerud J, Carlsson PO, Maedler K. Correction: Angiopoetin-2 Signals Do Not Mediate the Hypervascularization of Islets in Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282771. [PMID: 36862649 PMCID: PMC9980724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161834.].
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Castillo JJ, Aplin AC, Hackney DJ, Hogan MF, Esser N, Templin AT, Akter R, Kahn SE, Raleigh DP, Zraika S, Hull RL. Islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation exerts cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects on the islet vasculature in mice. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1687-1700. [PMID: 35871651 PMCID: PMC10208275 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The islet vasculature, including its constituent islet endothelial cells, is a key contributor to the microenvironment necessary for normal beta cell health and function. In type 2 diabetes, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) aggregates, forming amyloid deposits that accumulate between beta cells and islet capillaries. This process is known to be toxic to beta cells but its impact on the islet vasculature has not previously been studied. Here, we report the first characterisation of the effects of IAPP aggregation on islet endothelial cells/capillaries using cell-based and animal models. METHODS Primary and immortalised islet endothelial cells were treated with amyloidogenic human IAPP (hIAPP) alone or in the presence of the amyloid blocker Congo Red or the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 antagonist OxPAPc. Cell viability was determined0 along with mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory markers. Islet capillary abundance, morphology and pericyte coverage were determined in pancreases from transgenic mice with beta cell expression of hIAPP using conventional and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Aggregated hIAPP decreased endothelial cell viability in immortalised and primary islet endothelial cells (by 78% and 60%, respectively) and significantly increased expression of inflammatory markers Il6, Vcam1 and Edn1 mRNA relative to vehicle treatment in both cell types (p<0.05; n=4). Both cytotoxicity and the proinflammatory response were ameliorated by Congo Red (p<0.05; n=4); whereas TLR2/4-inhibition blocked inflammatory gene expression (p<0.05; n=6) without improving viability. Islets from high-fat-diet-fed amyloid-laden hIAPP transgenic mice also exhibited significantly increased expression of most markers of endothelial inflammation (p<0.05; n=5) along with decreased capillary density compared with non-transgenic littermates fed the same diet (p<0.01). Moreover, a 16% increase in capillary diameter was observed in amyloid-adjacent capillaries (p<0.01), accompanied by a doubling in pericyte structures positive for neuron-glial antigen 2 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Islet endothelial cells are susceptible to hIAPP-induced cytotoxicity and exhibit a TLR2/4-dependent proinflammatory response to aggregated hIAPP. Additionally, we observed amyloid-selective effects that decreased islet capillary density, accompanied by increased capillary diameter and increased pericyte number. Together, these data demonstrate that the islet vasculature is a target of the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of aggregated hIAPP that likely contribute to the detrimental effects of hIAPP aggregation on beta cell function and survival in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Castillo
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daryl J Hackney
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meghan F Hogan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathalie Esser
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew T Templin
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rehana Akter
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel P Raleigh
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Gangadharan C, Ahluwalia R, Sigamani A. Diabetes and COVID-19: Role of insulin resistance as a risk factor for COVID-19 severity. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1550-1562. [PMID: 34630907 PMCID: PMC8472493 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and as a consequence, develop more severe form of disease. This is partly due to a systemic inflammatory state and pro thrombotic milieu seen in metabolic syndrome. In this review, we attempt to explore the pathogenetic links between insulin resistance and COVID-19 disease severity. Insulin resistance is an underlying condition for metabolic syndromes, including type 2 diabetes, which impairs insulin signaling pathways affecting metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. A high concentration of circulating insulin shifts the balance to mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling and causes endothelial cell damage. The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and MAPK dependent signaling pathways maintain a balance between nitric oxide-dependent vasodilator and endothelin-1 dependent vasoconstriction actions of insulin. Vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction is responsible for inflammation and blood coagulation leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes. Hyperactivity in renin-angiotensin system is implicated in development of islet oxidative stress and subsequent β-cell dysfunction, as it alters the islet blood flow. These deleterious effects of insulin resistance involving altered blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, and inflammation could be associated with increased severity in COVID-19 patients. We conclude that clinical and/or biochemical markers of insulin resistance should be included as prognostic markers in assessment of acute COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charitha Gangadharan
- Department of Clinical Research, Narayana Hrudayalaya Limited, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Rupa Ahluwalia
- Consultant in Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom
| | - Alben Sigamani
- Chief Scientific Officer, Numen Health, Bangalore 560095, Karnataka, India
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Hogan MF, Hackney DJ, Aplin AC, Mundinger TO, Larmore MJ, Castillo JJ, Esser N, Zraika S, Hull RL. SGLT2-i improves markers of islet endothelial cell function in db/db diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:95-106. [PMID: 33337344 PMCID: PMC8459774 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Islet endothelial cells produce paracrine factors important for islet beta-cell function and survival. Under conditions of type 2 diabetes, islet endothelial cells exhibit a dysfunctional phenotype including increased expression of genes involved in cellular adhesion and inflammation. We sought to determine whether treatment of hyperglycemia with the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin, either alone or in combination with metformin, would improve markers of endothelial cell function in islets, assessed ex vivo, and if such an improvement is associated with improved insulin secretion in a mouse model of diabetes in vivo. For these studies, db/db diabetic mice and non-diabetic littermate controls were treated for 6 weeks with empagliflozin or metformin, either alone or in combination. For each treatment group, expression of genes indicative of islet endothelial dysfunction was quantified. Islet endothelial and beta-cell area was assessed by morphometry of immunochemically stained pancreas sections. Measurements of plasma glucose and insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test were performed on vehicle and drug treated diabetic animals. We found that expression of endothelial dysfunction marker genes is markedly increased in diabetic mice. Treatment with either empagliflozin or metformin lowered expression of the dysfunction marker genes ex vivo, which correlated with improved glycemic control, and increased insulin release in vivo. Empagliflozin treatment was more effective than metformin alone, with a combination of the two drugs demonstrating the greatest effects. Improving islet endothelial function through strategies such as empagliflozin/metformin treatment may provide an effective approach for improving insulin release in human type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F. Hogan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daryl J. Hackney
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System
| | - Alfred C. Aplin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System
| | | | - Megan J. Larmore
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Joseph J. Castillo
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nathalie Esser
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rebecca L. Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Tian M, Carroll LS, Tang L, Uehara H, Westenfelder C, Ambati BK, Huang Y. Systemic AAV10.COMP-Ang1 rescues renal glomeruli and pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetic mice. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000882. [PMID: 32792355 PMCID: PMC7430492 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic hyperglycemia causes progressive and generalized damage to the microvasculature. In renal glomeruli, this results in the loss of podocytes with consequent loss of constitutive angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) signaling, which is required for stability of the glomerular endothelium. Repeated tail vein injection of adenovirus expressing COMP-Ang1 (a stable bioengineered form of Ang1) was previously reported to improve diabetic glomerular damage despite the liver and lungs being primary targets of adenoviral infection. We thus hypothesized that localizing delivery of sustained COMP-Ang1 to the kidney could increase its therapeutic efficacy and safety for the treatment of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using AAVrh10 adeno-associated viral capsid with enhanced kidney tropism, we treated 10-week-old uninephrectomized db/db mice (a model of type 2 diabetes) with a single dose of AAVrh10.COMP-Ang1 delivered via the intracarotid artery, compared with untreated diabetic db/db control and non-diabetic db/m mice. RESULTS Surprisingly, both glomerular and pancreatic capillaries expressed COMP-Ang1, compensating for diabetes-induced loss of tissue Ang1. Importantly, treatment with AAVrh10.COMP-Ang1 yielded a significant reduction of glycemia (blood glucose, 241±193 mg/dL vs 576±31 mg/dL; glycosylated hemoglobin, 7.2±1.5% vs 11.3±1.3%) and slowed the progression of albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in db/db mice by 70% and 61%, respectively, compared with untreated diabetic db/db mice. Furthermore, COMP-Ang1 ameliorated diabetes-induced increases of NF-kBp65, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase-2 (Nox2), p47phox and productions of myeloperoxidase, the inflammatory markers in both renal and pancreatic tissues, and improved beta-cell density in pancreatic islets. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential of localized Ang1 therapy for treatment of diabetic visceropathies and provide a mechanistic explanation for reported improvements in glucose control via Ang1/Tie2 signaling in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lara S Carroll
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hironori Uehara
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Balamurali K Ambati
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Fadini GP, Albiero M, Bonora BM, Avogaro A. Angiogenic Abnormalities in Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanistic and Clinical Aspects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5431-5444. [PMID: 31211371 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes causes severe pathological changes to the microvasculature in many organs and tissues and is at the same time associated with an increased risk of coronary and peripheral macrovascular events. We herein review alterations in angiogenesis observed in human and experimental diabetes and how they contribute to diabetes onset and development of vascular complications. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The English language medical literature was searched for articles reporting on angiogenesis/vasculogenesis abnormalities in diabetes and their clinical manifestations, mechanistic aspects, and possible therapeutic implications. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Angiogenesis is a complex process, driven by a multiplicity of molecular mechanisms and involved in several physiological and pathological conditions. Incompetent angiogenesis is pervasive in diabetic vascular complications, with both excessive and defective angiogenesis observed in various tissues. A striking different angiogenic response typically occurs in the retina vs the myocardium and peripheral circulation, but some commonalities in abnormal angiogenesis can explain the well-known association between microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. Impaired angiogenesis can also affect endocrine islet and adipose tissue function, providing a link to diabetes onset. Exposure to high glucose itself directly affects angiogenic/vasculogenic processes, and the mechanisms include defective responses to hypoxia and proangiogenic factors, impaired nitric oxide bioavailability, shortage of proangiogenic cells, and loss of pericytes. CONCLUSIONS Dissecting the molecular drivers of tissue-specific alterations of angiogenesis/vasculogenesis is an important challenge to devise new therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis-modulating therapies should be carefully evaluated in view of their potential off-target effects. At present, glycemic control remains the most reasonable therapeutic strategy to normalize angiogenesis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Bonora
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Staels W, Heremans Y, Heimberg H, De Leu N. VEGF-A and blood vessels: a beta cell perspective. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1961-1968. [PMID: 31414144 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal signalling between the endothelium and the pancreatic epithelium is crucial for coordinated differentiation of the embryonic endocrine and exocrine pancreas. In the adult pancreas, islets depend on their dense capillary network to adequately respond to changes in plasma glucose levels. Vascular changes contribute to the onset and progression of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Impaired revascularisation of islets transplanted in individuals with type 1 diabetes is linked to islet graft failure and graft loss. This review summarises our understanding of the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and endothelial cells in beta cell development, physiology and disease. In addition, the therapeutic potential of modulating VEGF-A levels in beta and beta-like cells for transplantation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Staels
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Yves Heremans
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, Aalst, Belgium.
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Proshchina AE, Krivova YS, Barabanov VM, Saveliev SV. Pancreatic endocrine cell arrangement during human ontogeny. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:638-645. [PMID: 31146895 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the human pancreas, various forms of endocrine cell arrangement are found: single endocrine cells, endocrine cell clusters, and mantel, bipolar and mosaic cell (mixed) islets. Our aim was to analyse the distribution and dynamics of insulin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-containing cells within the various forms of endocrine pancreas arrangement during human prenatal development and in adults and to suggest a mechanism of change in the endocrine cell ratio in adult islets. Pancreatic autopsies derived from human foetuses from the 10th to the 40th weeks of development and from adults were examined using histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. During development, the human endocrine pancreas undergoes not only de novo differentiation of endocrine cells and islet formation, but morphogenetic restructuring, which is revealed as a change of the α-, β- and δ-cell ratio in the islets. In particular, increased proportion of glucagon- and somatostatin-containing cells and decreased proportion of β-cells were shown in the largest mosaic islets in adults. Our results indicate that the distribution and proportion of α-, β- and δ-cells depend on the islets size and vascularisation. Studying of the mechanism of such restructuring may contribute to the development of new approaches in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Canzano JS, Nasif LH, Butterworth EA, Fu DA, Atkinson MA, Campbell-Thompson M. Islet Microvasculature Alterations With Loss of Beta-cells in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 67:41-52. [PMID: 29771178 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418778546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet microvasculature provides key architectural and functional roles, yet the morphological features of islets from patients with type 1 diabetes are poorly defined. We examined islet and exocrine microvasculature networks by multiplex immunofluorescence imaging of pancreases from organ donors with and without type 1 diabetes (n=17 and n=16, respectively) and determined vessel diameter, density, and area. We also analyzed these variables in insulin-positive and insulin-negative islets of 7 type 1 diabetes donors. Control islet vessel diameter was significantly larger (7.6 ± 1.1 μm) compared with vessels in diabetic islets (6.2 ± 0.8 μm; p<0.001). Control islet vessel density (number/islet) was significantly lower (5.3 ± 0.6) versus diabetic islets (9.3 ± 0.2; p<0.001). Exocrine vessel variables were not significantly different between groups. Islets with residual beta-cells were comparable to control islets for both vessel diameter and density and were significantly different from insulin-negative islets within diabetic donors (p<0.05). Islet smooth muscle actin area had a significant positive correlation with age in both groups (p<0.05), which could negatively impact islet transplantation efficiency from older donors. These data underscore the critical relationship of islet beta-cells and islet vessel morphology in type 1 diabetes. These studies provide new knowledge of the islet microvasculature in diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Canzano
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lith H Nasif
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elizabeth A Butterworth
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dongtao A Fu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Hogan MF, Hull RL. The islet endothelial cell: a novel contributor to beta cell secretory dysfunction in diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:952-959. [PMID: 28396983 PMCID: PMC5505567 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet is highly vascularised, with an extensive capillary network. In addition to providing nutrients and oxygen to islet endocrine cells and transporting hormones to the peripheral circulation, islet capillaries (comprised primarily of islet endothelial cells) are an important source of signals that enhance survival and function of the islet beta cell. In type 2 diabetes, and animal models thereof, evidence exists of morphological and functional abnormalities in these islet endothelial cells. In diabetes, islet capillaries are thickened, dilated and fragmented, and islet endothelial cells express markers of inflammation and activation. In vitro data suggest that this dysfunctional islet endothelial phenotype may contribute to impaired insulin release from the beta cell. This review examines potential candidate molecules that may mediate the positive effects of islet endothelial cells on beta cell survival and function under normal conditions. Further, it explores possible mechanisms underlying the development of islet endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and reviews therapeutic options for ameliorating this aspect of the islet lesion in type 2 diabetes. Finally, considerations regarding differences between human and rodent islet vasculature and the potentially unforeseen negative consequences of strategies to expand the islet vasculature, particularly under diabetic conditions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F Hogan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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