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Mani ZA, Naylor K, Goniewicz K. Essential competencies of nurses for climate change response in Saudi Arabia: A rapid literature review. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39105254 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Amidst the mounting challenges posed by climate change, the healthcare sector emerges as a vital frontliner, with nurses standing as its linchpins. This review delves into the pivotal role of nurses in combatting the health consequences of climatic alterations, particularly within the nuanced environment of Saudi Arabia. DESIGN A rapid literature review. METHOD Drawing from a rigorous analysis of 53 studies, our exploration revolves around the preparedness strategies formulated in response to Saudi Arabia's changing climate. The variables analysed included study design, sample size, focus area, geographical coverage and key findings related to nurse competencies. Data were collected using a structured data extraction form and analysed using thematic content analysis. Employing content analysis, we discerned essential domains: from grasping the health impacts of climate change to customizing care for the most susceptible populations and championing advocacy initiatives. FINDINGS Salient findings highlight nurses' profound understanding of both direct and secondary health implications of climate shifts. Additionally, the results emphasize the tailored interventions needed for vulnerable groups, capacity building and disaster readiness. Crucially, our findings spotlight the significance of weaving cultural, ethical and regional threads into nursing strategies. By painting a comprehensive picture, we showcase the delicate balance of environmental evolution, healthcare dynamics and the unique socio-cultural tapestry of Saudi Arabia. CONCLUSION The results of our analysis revealed key competencies required for nurses, including the ability to address immediate health impacts, provide tailored care for vulnerable populations and engage in advocacy and policy formulation. In summation, nurses' multifaceted roles-from immediate medical care to research, advocacy and strategizing-underscore their invaluable contribution to confronting the health adversities sparked by climate change. Our review accentuates the essential contributions of nurses in tackling climate-related health hurdles and calls for more nuanced research, policy adjustments and proactive measures attuned to Saudi Arabia's distinct backdrop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria A Mani
- Nursing College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Naylor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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de Souza WM, Weaver SC. Effects of climate change and human activities on vector-borne diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:476-491. [PMID: 38486116 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods (for example, mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies) to humans and wild and domestic animals, with the largest burden on global public health disproportionately affecting people in tropical and subtropical areas. Because vectors are ectothermic, climate and weather alterations (for example, temperature, rainfall and humidity) can affect their reproduction, survival, geographic distribution and, consequently, ability to transmit pathogens. However, the effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases can be multifaceted and complex, sometimes with ambiguous consequences. In this Review, we discuss the potential effects of climate change, weather and other anthropogenic factors, including land use, human mobility and behaviour, as possible contributors to the redistribution of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Butala CB, Cave RNR, Fyfe J, Coleman PG, Yang GJ, Welburn SC. Impact of COVID-19 on the neglected tropical diseases: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:55. [PMID: 39075616 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence, management, and control of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) highlighting the current or prospective impact of COVID-19 on research and development funding for, and execution of, NTD programmes. This review was conducted to determine if, and how, NTDs were affected by COVID-19, and whether those effects will delay the elimination goals of the Sustainable Development goals. METHODS Using open-source available data from policy and documentation from official websites of the relevant stakeholders including but not limited to World Health Organization (WHO) documents and policies, government foreign aid documents, and the Policy Cures G-Finder reports, this scoping review explored ongoing challenges to supporting research and development (R&D) for the NTDs and in maintaining NTD control programs; examined the constraints posed for NTD management by the pandemic from disruptions to healthcare services, reduction of finance and explored the potential long-term implications and consequences for those poorer, neglected populations in low and middle income-countries (LMICs). This was done by a scoping review literature search, publications were subject to an initial practical screening step to ensure the most relevant publications were selected for full screening, with the focus on scoping the designated topic of the impact of COVID-19 on NTDs. We further undertook an evaluation of the socio-economic factors exacerbating the impact of COVID-19 on NTD burden. RESULTS Multiple disruptions and setbacks, likely to affect NTD programmes and progress towards their elimination targets were identified in this study. R&D funding for the NTDs and AIDs and TB has declined since the funding high point of 2019, and for malaria since the high point of 2018. Significant changes in allocation of R&D funding within the NTDs are observed post pandemic, likely because of prioritization among donors. Diseases for which the least R&D investment was reported in place, prior to the pandemic (mycetoma, taeniasis/cysticercosis, trachoma and Buruli ulcer) have been particularly impacted post pandemic. We identified specific NTDs including schistosomiasis, leprosy, and rabies that have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and disruptions caused to on ongoing NTD control and elimination programs. Pandemic restrictions disrupted essential medical supply manufacturing and distribution impacting immunization programs and hindered efforts to control the spread of infectious diseases. NTD programmes have experienced numerous setbacks including delays in mass drug administration programs (e.g. for schistosomiasis), cancelled or delayed vaccination programs (e.g. for rabies) and closure of testing facilities has resulted in reduced diagnosis, treatment, and disease elimination for all NTDs. Lockdowns and clinic closures causing disruption to essential healthcare services restricted NTD surveillance and treatment programs. Community fears around contracting COVID-19 exacerbated the constraints to service delivery. Disparities in global vaccine distribution have widened with LMICs facing limited access to vaccines and disruption to immunization programs. Finally, the pandemic has led to increased poverty with poor and marginalized communities, impacting nutrition, healthcare access and education all of which have long term implications for NTD management and control. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted global health research and global health equity. Attention and funding were diverted from all sectors, significantly affecting research and development efforts set out in the World Health Organization's NTD elimination Roadmaps. Ongoing changes to funding, economic crises, logistics and supply chain disruptions as well as deepening poverty has put a strain on already weak healthcare systems and exacerbated LMIC healthcare challenges. In particular, the delays and constraints to NTD management and elimination programs will have long-reaching consequences highlighting the need for global cooperation and renewed investment to put the NTD roadmap back on track. Targets and milestones are unlikely to be met without significant investment for recovery, in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Brigid Butala
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9TB, Scotland, UK
- Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh Institute: Biomedicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, 314400, People's Republic of China
| | - Roo Nicola Rose Cave
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9TB, Scotland, UK
| | - Jenna Fyfe
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9TB, Scotland, UK
| | - Paul Gerard Coleman
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9TB, Scotland, UK
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The School of Tropical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9TB, Scotland, UK.
- Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh Institute: Biomedicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, 314400, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The School of Tropical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Global Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Frasca F, Sorrentino L, Fracella M, D’Auria A, Coratti E, Maddaloni L, Bugani G, Gentile M, Pierangeli A, d’Ettorre G, Scagnolari C. An Update on the Entomology, Virology, Pathogenesis, and Epidemiology Status of West Nile and Dengue Viruses in Europe (2018-2023). Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:166. [PMID: 39058208 PMCID: PMC11281579 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9070166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, increases in temperature and tropical rainfall have facilitated the spread of mosquito species into temperate zones. Mosquitoes are vectors for many viruses, including West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV), and pose a serious threat to public health. This review covers most of the current knowledge on the mosquito species associated with the transmission of WNV and DENV and their geographical distribution and discusses the main vertebrate hosts involved in the cycles of WNV or DENV. It also describes virological and pathogenic aspects of WNV or DENV infection, including emerging concepts linking WNV and DENV to the reproductive system. Furthermore, it provides an epidemiological analysis of the human cases of WNV and DENV reported in Europe, from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2023, with a particular focus on Italy. The first autochthonous cases of DENV infection, with the most likely vector being Aedes albopictus, have been observed in several European countries in recent years, with a high incidence in Italy in 2023. The lack of treatments and effective vaccines is a serious challenge. Currently, the primary strategy to prevent the spread of WNV and DENV infections in humans remains to limit the spread of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.B.); (G.d.)
| | - Leonardo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandra D’Auria
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Eleonora Coratti
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Luca Maddaloni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.B.); (G.d.)
| | - Ginevra Bugani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.B.); (G.d.)
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.B.); (G.d.)
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
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Madhav M, Blasdell KR, Trewin B, Paradkar PN, López-Denman AJ. Culex-Transmitted Diseases: Mechanisms, Impact, and Future Control Strategies using Wolbachia. Viruses 2024; 16:1134. [PMID: 39066296 PMCID: PMC11281716 DOI: 10.3390/v16071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes of the Culex genus are responsible for a large burden of zoonotic virus transmission globally. Collectively, they play a significant role in the transmission of medically significant diseases such as Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Climate change, global trade, habitat transformation and increased urbanisation are leading to the establishment of Culex mosquitoes in new geographical regions. These novel mosquito incursions are intensifying concerns about the emergence of Culex-transmitted diseases and outbreaks in previously unaffected areas. New mosquito control methods are currently being developed and deployed globally. Understanding the complex interaction between pathogens and mosquitoes is essential for developing new control strategies for Culex species mosquitoes. This article reviews the role of Culex mosquitos as vectors of zoonotic disease, discussing the transmission of viruses across different species, and the potential use of Wolbachia technologies to control disease spread. By leveraging the insights gained from recent successful field trials of Wolbachia against Aedes-borne diseases, we comprehensively discuss the feasibility of using this technique to control Culex mosquitoes and the potential for the development of next generational Wolbachia-based control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Madhav
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Brendan Trewin
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Prasad N. Paradkar
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Adam J. López-Denman
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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Acosta D, Barrow A, Mahamadou IS, Assuncao VS, Edwards ME, McKune SL. Climate change and health in the Sahel: a systematic review. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231602. [PMID: 39021778 PMCID: PMC11251769 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The Sahel region is projected to be highly impacted by the more frequent hazards associated with climate change, including increased temperature, drought and flooding. This systematic review examined the evidence for climate change-related health consequences in the Sahel. The databases used were Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science (Clarivate) and CABI Global Health. Hand searches were also conducted, which included directly engaging Sahelian researchers and hand-searching in the African Journals Online database. Of the 4153 studies found, 893 were identified as duplicates and the remaining 3260 studies were screened (title and abstract only) and then assessed for eligibility. A total of 81 studies were included in the systematic review. Most studies focused on vector-borne diseases, food security, nutrition and heat-related stress. Findings suggest that mosquito distribution will shift under different climate scenarios, but this relationship will not be linear with temperature, as there are other variables to consider. Food insecurity, stunting (chronic malnutrition) and heat-related mortality are likely to increase if no action is taken owing to the projected impact of climate change on environmental factors and agriculture. Seventy-one per cent of manuscripts (n = 58) had first authors from institutions in North America or Europe, of which 39.7% (n = 23) included co-authors from African institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Acosta
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Sahel Research Group, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for African Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amadou Barrow
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Idrissa Saidou Mahamadou
- Department of Sociology and Rural Economy, Faculty of Agronomy, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - Victoria Simoni Assuncao
- Department of Geography, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary E. Edwards
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah L. McKune
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Sahel Research Group, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for African Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Wang HR, Liu T, Gao X, Wang HB, Xiao JH. Impact of climate change on the global circulation of West Nile virus and adaptation responses: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:38. [PMID: 38790027 PMCID: PMC11127377 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV), the most widely distributed flavivirus causing encephalitis globally, is a vector-borne pathogen of global importance. The changing climate is poised to reshape the landscape of various infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne ones like WNV. Understanding the anticipated geographical and range shifts in disease transmission due to climate change, alongside effective adaptation strategies, is critical for mitigating future public health impacts. This scoping review aims to consolidate evidence on the impact of climate change on WNV and to identify a spectrum of applicable adaptation strategies. MAIN BODY We systematically analyzed research articles from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. Our criteria included English-language research articles published between 2007 and 2023, focusing on the impacts of climate change on WNV and related adaptation strategies. We extracted data concerning study objectives, populations, geographical focus, and specific findings. Literature was categorized into two primary themes: 1) climate-WNV associations, and 2) climate change impacts on WNV transmission, providing a clear understanding. Out of 2168 articles reviewed, 120 met our criteria. Most evidence originated from North America (59.2%) and Europe (28.3%), with a primary focus on human cases (31.7%). Studies on climate-WNV correlations (n = 83) highlighted temperature (67.5%) as a pivotal climate factor. In the analysis of climate change impacts on WNV (n = 37), most evidence suggested that climate change may affect the transmission and distribution of WNV, with the extent of the impact depending on local and regional conditions. Although few studies directly addressed the implementation of adaptation strategies for climate-induced disease transmission, the proposed strategies (n = 49) fell into six categories: 1) surveillance and monitoring (38.8%), 2) predictive modeling (18.4%), 3) cross-disciplinary collaboration (16.3%), 4) environmental management (12.2%), 5) public education (8.2%), and 6) health system readiness (6.1%). Additionally, we developed an accessible online platform to summarize the evidence on climate change impacts on WNV transmission ( https://2xzl2o-neaop.shinyapps.io/WNVScopingReview/ ). CONCLUSIONS This review reveals that climate change may affect the transmission and distribution of WNV, but the literature reflects only a small share of the global WNV dynamics. There is an urgent need for adaptive responses to anticipate and respond to the climate-driven spread of WNV. Nevertheless, studies focusing on these adaptation responses are sparse compared to those examining the impacts of climate change. Further research on the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies for vector-borne diseases, along with more comprehensive evidence synthesis, is needed to inform effective policy responses tailored to local contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Abdelkrim O, Said Z, Souad L. Anopheles mosquitoes in Morocco: implication for public health and underlined challenges for malaria re-establishment prevention under current and future climate conditions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2085-2095. [PMID: 38127359 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential reappearance and/or expansion of vector-borne diseases is one of the terrifying issues awaiting humanity in the context of climate change. The presence of competent Anopheles vectors, as well as suitable environmental circumstances, may result in the re-emergence of autochthonous Malaria, after years of absence. In Morocco, international travel and migration movements from Malaria-endemic areas have recently increased the number of imported cases, raising awareness of Malaria's possible reintroduction. Using machine learning we developed model predictions, under current and future (2050) climate, for the prospective distribution of Anopheles claviger, Anopheles labranchiae, Anopheles multicolor, and Anopheles sergentii implicated or incriminated in Malaria transmission. RESULTS All modelled species are expected to find suitable habitats and have the potential to become established in the northern and central parts of the country, under present-day conditions. Distinct changes in the distributions of the four mosquitoes are to be expected under climate change. Even under the most optimistic scenario, all investigated species are likely to acquire new habitats that are now unsuitable, placing further populations in danger. We also observed a northward and altitudinal shift in their distribution towards higher altitudes. CONCLUSION Climate change is expected to expand the potential range of malaria vectors in Morocco. Our maps and predictions offer a way to intelligently focus efforts on surveillance and control programmes. To reduce the threat of human infection, it is crucial for public health authorities, entomological surveillance teams, and control initiatives to collaborate and intensify their actions, continuously monitoring areas at risk. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outammassine Abdelkrim
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Zouhair Said
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Avicienne Hospital Military, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Loqman Souad
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Virologie de l'Hôpital Ar-Razi, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
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Pautzke KC, Felsot AS, Reganold JP, Owen JP. Effects of soil on the development, survival, and oviposition of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:154. [PMID: 38523287 PMCID: PMC10960989 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water quality is known to influence the development and survival of larval mosquitoes, which affects mosquito-borne pathogen transmission as a function of the number of mosquitoes that reach adulthood and blood feed. Although water properties are known to affect mosquito development, few studies have investigated the link among soil properties, water quality, and mosquito development. Given the large number of ground-breeding mosquito species, this linkage is a potentially important factor to consider in mosquito ecology. In this study, we explored the effects of different soils on multiple life history parameters of the ground-breeding mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). METHODS Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were reared in water combined with different soil substrates (sandy, silt, or clay loam textures) at increasing soil to water volume ratios, with and without the addition of organic matter (fish food). Gravid mosquitoes were offered different soil-water extracts to investigate soil effects on oviposition preference. RESULTS Without the addition of organic matter, larval survival and development differed significantly among waters with different soil textures and volumes of substrate. Mosquitoes in water with clay loam soil survived longer and developed further than mosquitoes in other soil waters. Larvae survived for longer periods of time with increased volumes of soil substrate. Adding organic matter reduced the differences in larval survival time, development, and pupation among soil-water extracts. Adult female mosquitoes oviposited more frequently in water with clay loam soil, but the addition of organic matter reduced the soil effects on oviposition preference. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests soil composition affects larval mosquito survival and development, as well as the oviposition preference of gravid females. Future studies could differentiate abiotic and biotic soil features that affect mosquitoes and incorporate soil variation at the landscape scale into models to predict mosquito population dynamics and mosquito-borne pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen C Pautzke
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Allan S Felsot
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - John P Reganold
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jeb P Owen
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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10
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Kollas N, Gewehr S, Kioutsioukis I. Empirical dynamic modelling and enhanced causal analysis of short-length Culex abundance timeseries with vector correlation metrics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3597. [PMID: 38351267 PMCID: PMC10864305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Employing Empirical Dynamic Modelling we investigate whether model free methods could be applied in the study of Culex mosquitoes in Northern Greece. Applying Simplex Projection and S-Map algorithms on yearly timeseries of maximum abundances from 2011 to 2020 we successfully predict the decreasing trend in the maximum number of mosquitoes which was observed in the rural area of Thessaloniki during 2021. Leveraging the use of vector correlation metrics we were able to deduce the main environmental factors driving mosquito abundance such as temperature, rain and wind during 2012 and study the causal interaction between neighbouring populations in the industrial area of Thessaloniki between 2019 and 2020. In all three cases a chaotic and non-linear behaviour of the underlying system was observed. Given the health risk associated with the presence of mosquitoes as vectors of viral diseases these results hint to the usefulness of EDM methods in entomological studies as guides for the construction of more accurate and realistic mechanistic models which are indispensable to public health authorities for the design of targeted control strategies and health prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Kollas
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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11
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Johnson BJ, Weber M, Al-Amin HM, Geier M, Devine GJ. Automated differentiation of mixed populations of free-flying female mosquitoes under semi-field conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3494. [PMID: 38347111 PMCID: PMC10861447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Great advances in automated identification systems, or 'smart traps', that differentiate insect species have been made in recent years, yet demonstrations of field-ready devices under free-flight conditions remain rare. Here, we describe the results of mixed-species identification of female mosquitoes using an advanced optoacoustic smart trap design under free-flying conditions. Point-of-capture classification was assessed using mixed populations of congeneric (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) and non-congeneric (Ae. aegypti and Anopheles stephensi) container-inhabiting species of medical importance. Culex quinquefasciatus, also common in container habitats, was included as a third species in all assessments. At the aggregate level, mixed collections of non-congeneric species (Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. stephensi) could be classified at accuracies exceeding 90% (% error = 3.7-7.1%). Conversely, error rates increased when analysing individual replicates (mean % error = 48.6; 95% CI 8.1-68.6) representative of daily trap captures and at the aggregate level when Ae. albopictus was released in the presence of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus (% error = 7.8-31.2%). These findings highlight the many challenges yet to be overcome but also the potential operational utility of optoacoustic surveillance in low diversity settings typical of urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Johnson
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Michael Weber
- Biogents AG, Weissenburgstr. 22, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Martin Geier
- Biogents AG, Weissenburgstr. 22, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
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12
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Soltan-Alinejad P, Bahrami S, Keshavarzi D, Shahriari-Namadi M, Hosseinpour A, Soltani A. Physicochemical characteristics of larval habitats and biodiversity of mosquitoes in one of the most important metropolises of southern Iran. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22754. [PMID: 38107319 PMCID: PMC10724668 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the roles of the physicochemical characteristics of larval habitats in biodiversity and other bionomic factors of mosquitoes in Shiraz. The physical parameters of all habitats were recorded separately. The collected mosquito larvae were identified based on morphological characters. The water samples of larval habitats were analyzed for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, mg/L), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD, mg/L), pH, alkalinity, turbidity, total hardness (mg/L), Electrical Conductivity (EC, μS/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS, mg/L), Cl2 (mg/L), and water temperature (°C). In addition, three main indices were used for surveying biodiversity. A total of 1229 larvae were collected from April to September 2018 and May to August 2019. Seven medically important mosquito species were identified morphologically. Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. laticinctus had the highest distribution and abundance. Ecological results showed that the richness and diversity of species were higher and more stable in natural sites than in manmade places. The optimum BOD, COD, alkalinity, TDS, EC, pH, and temperature of water for mosquitoes of the studied areas were 140 mg/L, 360 mg/L, 160 mg/L, 420 mg/L, 840 μS/cm, 8.3, and 24 °C, respectively. Most mosquitoes tended to live in manmade, temporary, and sunny larval habitats with turbid water. The results provided a better understanding of the biology and ecology of mosquitoes as the most important group of disease vectors to humans and animals. Hence, they could be used to apply some safer and more environmentally friendly methods for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Soltan-Alinejad
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima Bahrami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davood Keshavarzi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziae Shahriari-Namadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Hosseinpour
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aboozar Soltani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Souza SSD, Gomes AR, Guimarães ATB, Rodrigues ASDL, de Matos LP, Dos Santos Mendonça J, da Luz TM, Matos SGDS, Rahman MS, Ragavendran C, Senthil-Nathan S, Guru A, Rakib MRJ, Mubarak NM, Rahman MM, Rocha TL, Islam ARMT, Malafaia G. Cellulose microcrystalline: A promising ecofriendly approach to control Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165952. [PMID: 37536599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of synthetic chemical compounds/substances in vector control of mosquitoes, associated with their adverse effects on the environment and non-target organisms, has demanded the development of eco-friendly alternatives. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal action of different cellulose microcrystalline (CMs) concentrations and investigate their toxicity mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus fourth instar larvae as a model species. Probit analysis revealed that the median lethal concentrations (LC50) for 24 h and 36 h exposure were 100 and 58.29 mg/L, respectively. We also showed that such concentrations induced a redox imbalance in the larvae, marked by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as a reduction in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, different alterations in the external morphology of the larvae were associated with the ingestion of CMs. On the other hand, exposure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to LC5024h and LC5036h for seven days did not induce any behavioral changes or alterations mutagenic, genotoxic, biochemical, or in the production of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-10. Thus, taken together, our study demonstrates for the first time that the use of CMs can constitute a promising strategy in the control of C. quinquefasciatus larvae, combining insecticidal efficiency with an "eco-friendly" approach in the fight against an important mosquito vector of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindoval Silva de Souza
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Alex Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Letícia Paiva de Matos
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Mendonça
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiarlen Marinho da Luz
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Stênio Gonçalves da Silva Matos
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - M Safiur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals (SIMATS), Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 412, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | | | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
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14
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Xia Q, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ma X, Xiao C, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu K, Li B, Shao D, Qiu Y, Wei J, Ma Z. Shift in dominant genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus and its impact on current vaccination strategies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1302101. [PMID: 38045034 PMCID: PMC10690641 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1302101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic ailment from the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV belongs to the flavivirus genus and is categorized into a solitary serotype consisting of five genetically diverse genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). The JEV genotype III (GIII) was the prevailing strain responsible for multiple outbreaks in countries endemic to JEV until 1990. In recent years, significant improvements have occurred in the epidemiology of JE, encompassing the geographical expansion of the epidemic zone and the displacement of prevailing genotypes. The dominant genotype of the JEV has undergone a progressive shift from GIII to GI due to variations in its adaptability within avian populations. From 2021 to 2022, Australia encountered an epidemic of viral encephalitis resulting from infection with the GIV JEV pathogen. The current human viral encephalitis caused by GIV JEV is the initial outbreak since its initial discovery in Indonesia during the late 1970s. Furthermore, following a time frame of 50 years, the detection and isolation of GV JEV have been reported in Culex mosquitoes across China and South Korea. Evidence suggests that the prevalence of GIV and GV JEV epidemic regions may be on the rise, posing a significant threat to public safety and the sustainable growth of animal husbandry. The global approach to preventing and managing JE predominantly revolves around utilizing the GIII strain vaccine for vaccination purposes. Nevertheless, research has demonstrated that the antibodies generated by the GIII strain vaccine exhibit limited capacity to neutralize the GI and GV strains. Consequently, these antibodies cannot protect against JEV challenge caused by animal GI and GV strains. The limited cross-protective and neutralizing effects observed between various genotypes may be attributed to the low homology of the E protein with other genotypes. In addition, due to the GIV JEV outbreak in Australia, further experiments are needed to evaluate the protective efficiency of the current GIII based JE vaccine against GIV JEV. The alteration of the prevailing genotype of JEV and the subsequent enlargement of the geographical extent of the epidemic have presented novel obstacles in JE prevention and control. This paper examines the emerging features of the JE epidemic in recent years and the associated problems concerning prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Xia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changguang Xiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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15
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Celina SS, Černý J, Samy AM. Mapping the potential distribution of the principal vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus Hyalomma marginatum in the Old World. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010855. [PMID: 38011221 PMCID: PMC10703407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most widely distributed tick-borne viral disease in humans and is caused by the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). The virus has a broader distribution, expanding from western China and South Asia to the Middle East, southeast Europe, and Africa. The historical known distribution of the CCHFV vector Hyalomma marginatum in Europe includes most of the Mediterranean and the Balkan countries, Ukraine, and southern Russia. Further expansion of its potential distribution may have occurred in and out of the Mediterranean region. This study updated the distributional map of the principal vector of CCHFV, H. marginatum, in the Old World using an ecological niche modeling approach based on occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and a set of covariates. The model predicted higher suitability of H. marginatum occurrences in diverse regions of Africa and Asia. Furthermore, the model estimated the environmental suitability of H. marginatum across Europe. On a continental scale, the model anticipated a widespread potential distribution encompassing the southern, western, central, and eastern parts of Europe, reaching as far north as the southern regions of Scandinavian countries. The distribution of H. marginatum also covered countries across Central Europe where the species is not autochthonous. All models were statistically robust and performed better than random expectations (p < 0.001). Based on the model results, climatic conditions could hamper the successful overwintering of H. marginatum and their survival as adults in many regions of the Old World. Regular updates of the models are still required to continually assess the areas at risk using up-to-date occurrence and climatic data in present-day and future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma S. Celina
- Center for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Černý
- Center for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Abdallah M. Samy
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Kim CL, Agampodi S, Marks F, Kim JH, Excler JL. Mitigating the effects of climate change on human health with vaccines and vaccinations. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252910. [PMID: 37900033 PMCID: PMC10602790 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change represents an unprecedented threat to humanity and will be the ultimate challenge of the 21st century. As a public health consequence, the World Health Organization estimates an additional 250,000 deaths annually by 2030, with resource-poor countries being predominantly affected. Although climate change's direct and indirect consequences on human health are manifold and far from fully explored, a growing body of evidence demonstrates its potential to exacerbate the frequency and spread of transmissible infectious diseases. Effective, high-impact mitigation measures are critical in combating this global crisis. While vaccines and vaccination are among the most cost-effective public health interventions, they have yet to be established as a major strategy in climate change-related health effect mitigation. In this narrative review, we synthesize the available evidence on the effect of climate change on vaccine-preventable diseases. This review examines the direct effect of climate change on water-related diseases such as cholera and other enteropathogens, helminthic infections and leptospirosis. It also explores the effects of rising temperatures on vector-borne diseases like dengue, chikungunya, and malaria, as well as the impact of temperature and humidity on airborne diseases like influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Recent advances in global vaccine development facilitate the use of vaccines and vaccination as a mitigation strategy in the agenda against climate change consequences. A focused evaluation of vaccine research and development, funding, and distribution related to climate change is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Lynn Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suneth Agampodi
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Arsenault-Benoit A, Fritz ML. Spatiotemporal organization of cryptic North American Culex species along an urbanization gradient. ECOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS AND EVIDENCE 2023; 4:e12282. [PMID: 38898889 PMCID: PMC11185319 DOI: 10.1002/2688-8319.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Landscape heterogeneity creates diverse habitat and resources for mosquito vectors of disease. A consequence may be varied distribution and abundance of vector species over space and time dependent on niche requirements.We tested the hypothesis that landscape heterogeneity driven by urbanization influences the distribution and relative abundance of Culex pipiens, Cx. restuans, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, three vectors of West Nile virus (WNv) in the eastern North American landscape. We collected 9,803 cryptic Culex from urban, suburban, and rural sites in metropolitan Washington, District of Columbia, during the months of June-October, 2019-2021. In 2021, we also collected mosquitoes in April and May to measure early-season abundance and distribution. Molecular techniques were used to identify a subset of collected Culex to species (n = 2,461). Ecological correlates of the spatiotemporal distribution of these cryptic Culex were examined using constrained and unconstrained ordination.Seasonality was not associated with Culex community composition in June-October over three years but introducing April and May data revealed seasonal shifts in community composition in the final year of our study. Culex pipiens were dominant across site types, while Cx. quinquefasciatus were associated with urban environments, and Cx. restuans were associated with rural and suburban sites. All three species rarely coexisted.Our work demonstrates that human-mediated land-use changes influence the distribution and relative abundance of Culex vectors of WNv, even on fine geospatial scales. Site classification, percent impervious surface, distance to city center, and longitude predicted Culex community composition. We documented active Culex months before vector surveillance typically commences in this region, with Culex restuans being most abundant during April and May. Active suppression of Cx. restuans in April and May could reduce early enzootic transmission, delay the seasonal spread of WNv, and thereby reduce overall WNv burden. By June, the highest risk of epizootic spillover of WNv to human hosts may be in suburban areas with high human population density and mixed Culex assemblages that can transmit WNv between birds and humans. Focusing management efforts there may further reduce human disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan L. Fritz
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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18
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Lippi CA, Mundis SJ, Sippy R, Flenniken JM, Chaudhary A, Hecht G, Carlson CJ, Ryan SJ. Trends in mosquito species distribution modeling: insights for vector surveillance and disease control. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:302. [PMID: 37641089 PMCID: PMC10463544 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Species distribution modeling (SDM) has become an increasingly common approach to explore questions about ecology, geography, outbreak risk, and global change as they relate to infectious disease vectors. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature, screening 563 abstracts and identifying 204 studies that used SDMs to produce distribution estimates for mosquito species. While the number of studies employing SDM methods has increased markedly over the past decade, the overwhelming majority used a single method (maximum entropy modeling; MaxEnt) and focused on human infectious disease vectors or their close relatives. The majority of regional models were developed for areas in Africa and Asia, while more localized modeling efforts were most common for North America and Europe. Findings from this study highlight gaps in taxonomic, geographic, and methodological foci of current SDM literature for mosquitoes that can guide future efforts to study the geography of mosquito-borne disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Lippi
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA.
| | - Stephanie J Mundis
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Rachel Sippy
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - J Matthew Flenniken
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Anusha Chaudhary
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Gavriella Hecht
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Colin J Carlson
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sadie J Ryan
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA.
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19
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Cuthbert RN, Darriet F, Chabrerie O, Lenoir J, Courchamp F, Claeys C, Robert V, Jourdain F, Ulmer R, Diagne C, Ayala D, Simard F, Morand S, Renault D. Invasive hematophagous arthropods and associated diseases in a changing world. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:291. [PMID: 37592298 PMCID: PMC10436414 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions have increased significantly with the tremendous growth of international trade and transport. Hematophagous arthropods can be vectors of infectious and potentially lethal pathogens and parasites, thus constituting a growing threat to humans-especially when associated with biological invasions. Today, several major vector-borne diseases, currently described as emerging or re-emerging, are expanding in a world dominated by climate change, land-use change and intensive transportation of humans and goods. In this review, we retrace the historical trajectory of these invasions to better understand their ecological, physiological and genetic drivers and their impacts on ecosystems and human health. We also discuss arthropod management strategies to mitigate future risks by harnessing ecology, public health, economics and social-ethnological considerations. Trade and transport of goods and materials, including vertebrate introductions and worn tires, have historically been important introduction pathways for the most prominent invasive hematophagous arthropods, but sources and pathways are likely to diversify with future globalization. Burgeoning urbanization, climate change and the urban heat island effect are likely to interact to favor invasive hematophagous arthropods and the diseases they can vector. To mitigate future invasions of hematophagous arthropods and novel disease outbreaks, stronger preventative monitoring and transboundary surveillance measures are urgently required. Proactive approaches, such as the use of monitoring and increased engagement in citizen science, would reduce epidemiological and ecological risks and could save millions of lives and billions of dollars spent on arthropod control and disease management. Last, our capacities to manage invasive hematophagous arthropods in a sustainable way for worldwide ecosystems can be improved by promoting interactions among experts of the health sector, stakeholders in environmental issues and policymakers (e.g. the One Health approach) while considering wider social perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross N Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Olivier Chabrerie
- UMR CNRS 7058 "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Franck Courchamp
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Cecilia Claeys
- Centre de Recherche sur les Sociétés et les Environnement Méditerranéens (CRESEM), UR 7397 UPVD, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Jourdain
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Romain Ulmer
- UMR CNRS 7058 "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Christophe Diagne
- CBGP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis, 34988, Cedex, Montferrier-Sur-Lez, France
| | - Diego Ayala
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Frédéric Simard
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Morand
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, CNRS - CIRAD, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution) - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, Paris, France
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Moser SK, Barnard M, Frantz RM, Spencer JA, Rodarte KA, Crooker IK, Bartlow AW, Romero-Severson E, Manore CA. Scoping review of Culex mosquito life history trait heterogeneity in response to temperature. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:200. [PMID: 37316915 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes in the genus Culex are primary vectors in the US for West Nile virus (WNV) and other arboviruses. Climatic drivers such as temperature have differential effects on species-specific changes in mosquito range, distribution, and abundance, posing challenges for population modeling, disease forecasting, and subsequent public health decisions. Understanding these differences in underlying biological dynamics is crucial in the face of climate change. METHODS We collected empirical data on thermal response for immature development rate, egg viability, oviposition, survival to adulthood, and adult lifespan for Culex pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tarsalis, and Cx. restuans from existing literature according to the PRISMA scoping review guidelines. RESULTS We observed linear relationships with temperature for development rate and lifespan, and nonlinear relationships for survival and egg viability, with underlying variation between species. Optimal ranges and critical minima and maxima also appeared varied. To illustrate how model output can change with experimental input data from individual Culex species, we applied a modified equation for temperature-dependent mosquito type reproduction number for endemic spread of WNV among mosquitoes and observed different effects. CONCLUSIONS Current models often input theoretical parameters estimated from a single vector species; we show the need to implement the real-world heterogeneity in thermal response between species and present a useful data resource for researchers working toward that goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kane Moser
- Genomics and Bioanalytics (B-GEN), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - Martha Barnard
- Information Systems and Modeling (A-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel M Frantz
- Information Systems and Modeling (A-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Julie A Spencer
- Information Systems and Modeling (A-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Katie A Rodarte
- Genomics and Bioanalytics (B-GEN), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Isabel K Crooker
- Information Systems and Modeling (A-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W Bartlow
- Genomics and Bioanalytics (B-GEN), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Ethan Romero-Severson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Carrie A Manore
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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Mathivanan D, Kamaraj C, Suseem SR, Gandhi PR, Malafaia G. Seaweed Sargassum wightii mediated preparation of TiO 2 nanoparticles, larvicidal activity against malaria and filariasis vectors, and its effect on non-target organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115569. [PMID: 36848976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malaria and Lymphatic filariasis are considered significant public health concerns in several countries. As a researcher, controlling those mosquitos using safe and eco-friendly insecticides is essential. Thus, we aimed to explore the potential use of seaweed Sargassum wightii for the biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs and evaluate its efficiency in controlling disease-transmitting mosquito larvae (using Anopheles subpictus and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae as model systems (in vivo)) as well as its potential effect on non-target organisms (using Poecilia reticulata fish as an experimental model). XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDAX, and TEM carried out the characterization of TiO2 NPs. It evaluated the larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure to S. wightii extract and TiO2 NPs. S. wightii synthesized TiO2 NPs show excellent activity against A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 4.37 and 4.68; LC90 = 8.33 and 8.97; χ2 = 5.741 and 4.531) mg/L respectively. The GC-MS results indicate the presence of some important long-chain phytoconstituents like linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid methyl ester, and stearic acid, among others. Furthermore, when testing the possible toxicity of biosynthesized NPs in a non-target organism, no adverse effects were observed in Poecilia reticulata fish exposed for 24 h, considering the evaluated biomarkers. Thus, overall, our study results reveal that biosynthesized TiO2 NPs are an effective and exciting eco-friendly approach to controlling the A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mathivanan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S R Suseem
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pachiyappan Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of Nano-biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Auxilium College (Autonomous), Gandhi Nagar, 632 006, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Spinozzi E, Ferrati M, Baldassarri C, Maggi F, Pavela R, Benelli G, Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Cappellacci L, Palmieri A, Petrelli R. Synthesis of Carlina Oxide Analogues and Evaluation of Their Insecticidal Efficacy and Cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1307-1316. [PMID: 37172063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Compounds isolated from botanical sources represent innovative and promising alternatives to conventional insecticides. Carlina oxide is a compound isolated from Carlina acaulis L. (Asteraceae) essential oil (EO) with great potential as bioinsecticide, being effective on various arthropod vectors and agricultural pests, with moderate toxicity on non-target species. Since the production from the wild source is limited, there is the need of exploring new synthetic routes for obtaining this compound and analogues with improved bioactivity and lower toxicity. Herein, the chemical synthesis of carlina oxide analogues was developed. Their insecticidal activity was assessed on the vectors Musca domestica L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The compounds' activity was compared with that of the natural counterparts EO and carlina oxide. In housefly tests, the analogues were comparably effective to purified carlina oxide. In Cx. quinquefasciatus assays, the meta-chloro analogue provided a significantly higher efficacy (LC50 of 0.71 μg mL-1) than the EO and carlina oxide (LC50 1.21 and 1.31 μg mL-1, respectively) and a better safety profile than carlina oxide on keratinocytes. Overall, this study can open the way to an agrochemical production of carlina oxide analogues employable as nature-inspired insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Baldassarri
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/C, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/C, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Romero-Alvarez D, Escobar LE, Auguste AJ, Del Valle SY, Manore CA. Transmission risk of Oropouche fever across the Americas. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:47. [PMID: 37149619 PMCID: PMC10163756 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are important contributors to the global burden of infectious diseases due to their epidemic potential, which can result in significant population and economic impacts. Oropouche fever, caused by Oropouche virus (OROV), is an understudied zoonotic VBD febrile illness reported in Central and South America. The epidemic potential and areas of likely OROV spread remain unexplored, limiting capacities to improve epidemiological surveillance. METHODS To better understand the capacity for spread of OROV, we developed spatial epidemiology models using human outbreaks as OROV transmission-locality data, coupled with high-resolution satellite-derived vegetation phenology. Data were integrated using hypervolume modeling to infer likely areas of OROV transmission and emergence across the Americas. RESULTS Models based on one-support vector machine hypervolumes consistently predicted risk areas for OROV transmission across the tropics of Latin America despite the inclusion of different parameters such as different study areas and environmental predictors. Models estimate that up to 5 million people are at risk of exposure to OROV. Nevertheless, the limited epidemiological data available generates uncertainty in projections. For example, some outbreaks have occurred under climatic conditions outside those where most transmission events occur. The distribution models also revealed that landscape variation, expressed as vegetation loss, is linked to OROV outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS Hotspots of OROV transmission risk were detected along the tropics of South America. Vegetation loss might be a driver of Oropouche fever emergence. Modeling based on hypervolumes in spatial epidemiology might be considered an exploratory tool for analyzing data-limited emerging infectious diseases for which little understanding exists on their sylvatic cycles. OROV transmission risk maps can be used to improve surveillance, investigate OROV ecology and epidemiology, and inform early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Romero-Alvarez
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA.
- Information Systems and Modeling (A-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
- OneHealth Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Albert J Auguste
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Sara Y Del Valle
- Information Systems and Modeling (A-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Carrie A Manore
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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Adoha CJ, Sovi A, Yovogan B, Akinro B, Accrombessi M, Dangbénon E, Odjo EM, Sagbohan HW, Kpanou CD, Padonou GG, Messenger LA, Agbangla C, Ngufor C, Cook J, Protopopoff N, Akogbéto MC. Efficacy of Pyrethroid-Pyriproxyfen and Pyrethroid-Chlorfenapyr Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) for the Control of Non- Anopheles Mosquitoes: Secondary Analysis from a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (cRCT). INSECTS 2023; 14:417. [PMID: 37233045 PMCID: PMC10231081 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a vector control tool in reducing mosquito biting is crucial for its acceptability. The present study compared the vector density of Culex spp. And Mansonia spp. across clusters, which received two dual-active ingredient (a.i.) long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and a standard pyrethroid-only LLIN, and assessed the seasonality of these mosquito genera. A total of 85,723 Culex spp. and 144,025 Mansonia spp. were caught over the study period. The density of Culex and Mansonia was reduced in all three arms over the study period. There was no evidence of a significant reduction in the indoor or outdoor density of Culex spp. in either dual-a.i. LLIN arm as compared to the standard pyrethroid-only net arm. A similar trend was observed with Mansonia spp. A high density of Culex spp. was found both in rainy and dry seasons, while for Mansonia spp., this was mainly observed during the rainy season. These results suggest that the novel insecticides in the dual-a.i. LLINs did not have an additional impact on these species and that pyrethroids might still be effective on them. Further work is required to determine whether these species of mosquitoes have resistance to the insecticides tested in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin J. Adoha
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526, Benin; (B.Y.); (E.M.O.); (H.W.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Arthur Sovi
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK (N.P.)
- Faculté d’Agronomie, Université de Parakou, Parakou BP 123, Benin
| | - Boulais Yovogan
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526, Benin; (B.Y.); (E.M.O.); (H.W.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Bruno Akinro
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Manfred Accrombessi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK (N.P.)
| | - Edouard Dangbénon
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Esdras M. Odjo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526, Benin; (B.Y.); (E.M.O.); (H.W.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Hermann Watson Sagbohan
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526, Benin; (B.Y.); (E.M.O.); (H.W.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Casimir Dossou Kpanou
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Gil G. Padonou
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526, Benin; (B.Y.); (E.M.O.); (H.W.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Louisa A. Messenger
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK (N.P.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Clément Agbangla
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526, Benin; (B.Y.); (E.M.O.); (H.W.S.); (G.G.P.)
| | - Corine Ngufor
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK (N.P.)
| | - Jackie Cook
- Medical Research Council (MRC) International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Natacha Protopopoff
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK (N.P.)
| | - Martin C. Akogbéto
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin; (B.A.); (C.D.K.); (C.N.); (M.C.A.)
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Corrêa-do-Nascimento GS, Leite GR. Current and paleoclimate models for an Atlantic Forest kissing bug indicate broader distribution outside biome delimitations. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1051454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionRhodnius domesticus is a kissing bug with known occurrence around the Atlantic coast of South America and is considered to be the only endemic species of the Atlantic Forest for the Rhodniini tribe. In this study, we aimed to indicate the species trends in possible distribution in the current and paleoclimate scenarios from the last glacial maximum (LGM).MethodsWe revised R. domesticus distribution information and created ecological niche models (ENMs) between the current time and Pleistocene end scenarios for the study regions. Models were built and validated using Maxent, KUENM, and ENMeval packages in R and ArcMap. We considered the models' uncertainty when calculating the average model variance and using mobility-oriented parity (MOP) analyses to indicate extrapolation risk areas in transfer scenarios.ResultsWe found 44 different geographical species records, and our current time models indicate suitable areas in coastal regions of the Atlantic and surrounding locations in higher and lower latitudes. Paleoclimate models indicate general suitability in coastal regions and change in suitability in the interior region through time.DiscussionOur revision and ENMs indicate two main points: Despite the fact that R. domesticus records are spatial and time concentrated in some coastal regions of the Atlantic Forest, species could have a broader distribution area, including regions outside the biome delimitations in northeast and southwest areas of South America. Paleodistribution models indicate species broader distribution in Atlantic Forest-related areas in LGM and northern interior regions of South America from late Pleistocene to the current times. In glaciation scenarios, continental shelf distribution was relevant and species' different connectivity routes with other biomes may be developed after LGM.
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Giunti G, Wilke ABB, Beier JC, Benelli G. What Do We Know About the Invasive Mosquitoes Aedes atropalpus and Aedes triseriatus? CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-023-00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Mosquito-borne diseases are a serious concern in Europe since the proliferation of invasive mosquito species increases the risk of epidemics. Aedes spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) are among the most dangerous mosquito vectors in Europe. Among Aedes spp., less attention has been paid to the North American invasive species, Aedes atropalpus and Aedes triseriatus, although these species are vectors of serious diseases. This article aims to provide information about the current status and prospective of these species in Europe.
Recent Findings
While the presence of Ae. atropalpus in the European continent is still debated, Ae. triseriatus is no longer present in the European continent, but accidental introductions have been recently reported. Nevertheless, the climatic changes and global market increase the possibility of introduction of North American Aedes species in Europe.
Summary
The present article contains a brief overview of the biology, ecology, and vector competence of these two mosquito vectors, outlining their potential to invade new areas and medical importance. We highlighted some bioecological traits that need to be considered to design surveillance programs tailored for these species. Lastly, research challenges aimed to improve basic knowledge and control programs targeting these species are presented.
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Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in the city of São Luís, state of Maranhão, Brazil: New incursion or persisting problem? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011091. [PMID: 36716339 PMCID: PMC9910792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) from Brazil by 2020 was not accomplished; however, this goal can be achieved in the upcoming years with the assistance of specific strategies. The surveillance of LF can be performed using molecular xenomonitoring (MX), a noninvasive method used to infer the presence of the parasite in the human population. Herein, São Luís (state of Maranhão) was the first city to be investigated to identify whether LF transmission in Brazil has been interrupted and if there were any new incursions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mosquitoes were collected by aspiration at 901 points distributed among 11 neighborhoods in São Luís with records of patients with microfilaremia. Pools of engorged or gravid Culex quinquefasciatus females were evaluated by WbCx duplex PCR with endogenous control for mosquitoes and target for W. bancrofti for determining the vector infection rate. Among the 10,428 collected mosquitoes, the most abundant species were C. quinquefasciatus (85%) and Aedes aegypti (12%). Significantly larger numbers of mosquitoes were collected from the neighborhoods of Areinha and Coreia (p<0.05). MX performed using PCR validated 705 pools of engorged or gravid females, fifteen of which were positive for Wuchereria bancrofti in two neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS The high density of engorged C. quinquefasciatus females per home, inadequate sanitation, and detection of W. bancrofti-infected mosquitoes in the city of São Luís represent a warning of the possible upsurge of LF, a disease that is still neglected; this underscores the need for the ostensive monitoring of LF in Brazil.
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Giesen C, Herrador Z, Fernandez B, Figuerola J, Gangoso L, Vazquez A, Gómez-Barroso D. A systematic review of environmental factors related to WNV circulation in European and Mediterranean countries. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Wang X, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Zhang L. Arm race between Rift Valley fever virus and host. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1084230. [PMID: 36618346 PMCID: PMC9813963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), an emerging arbovirus within the Phenuiviridae family of Bunyavirales that has potential to cause severe diseases in both humans and livestock. It increases the incidence of abortion or foetal malformation in ruminants and leads to clinical manifestations like encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever in humans. Upon virus invasion, the innate immune system from the cell or the organism is activated to produce interferon (IFN) and prevent virus proliferation. Meanwhile, RVFV initiates countermeasures to limit antiviral responses at transcriptional and protein levels. RVFV nonstructural proteins (NSs) are the key virulent factors that not only perform immune evasion but also impact the cell replication cycle and has cytopathic effects. In this review, we summarize the innate immunity host cells employ depending on IFN signal transduction pathways, as well as the immune evasion mechanisms developed by RVFV primarily with the inhibitory activity of NSs protein. Clarifying the arms race between host innate immunity and RVFV immune evasion provides new avenues for drug target screening and offers possible solutions to current and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yupei Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Leiliang Zhang,
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Zhang X, Meng H, Hu X, Yuan Z. Diversity and functional profile of gut symbiotic bacteria between Lysinibacillus sphaericus C 3-41 susceptible and resistant Culex quinquefasciatus Say as revealed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991105. [PMID: 36406384 PMCID: PMC9668892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that symbiotic gut bacteria in insects are involved in the development of insecticide resistance, but the relationship between the symbiotic gut bacteria and resistance to Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus remains unclear. In this study, the abundance and diversity of gut symbionts of Cx. quinquefasciatus that were resistant (RLCql) or susceptible (SLCql) to L. sphaericus C3-41 were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. The main phyla among the symbiotic gut bacterial communities of Cx. quinquefasciatus were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. However, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and unidentified Bacteria in the gut of the resistant strain of Cx. quequinfasciatus (RLCql colony) was higher compared to the susceptible strain (SLCql colony). The NMDS (Non-Metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling) and unweighted unifrac PCoA analyses also revealed significant differences between the symbiotic gut bacterial communities from the resistant and susceptible strains, suggesting that bacterial insecticides can alter bacterial composition. Ultimately, the changes in the bacterial community likely occurred after the development of resistance to L. sphaericus C3-41. These results provide guidance for further research into the mechanisms of gut symbionts involved in resistance against L. sphaericus C3-41 in Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoran Meng
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Nebbak A, Almeras L, Parola P, Bitam I. Mosquito Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) and Mosquito-Borne Diseases in North Africa. INSECTS 2022; 13:962. [PMID: 36292910 PMCID: PMC9604161 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are of significant public health importance because of their ability to transmit major diseases to humans and animals, and are considered as the world's most deadly arthropods. In recent decades, climate change and globalization have promoted mosquito-borne diseases' (MBDs) geographic expansion to new areas, such as North African countries, where some of these MBDs were unusual or even unknown. In this review, we summarize the latest data on mosquito vector species distribution and MBDs affecting both human and animals in North Africa, in order to better understand the risks associated with the introduction of new invasive mosquito species such as Aedes albopictus. Currently, 26 mosquito species confirmed as pathogen vectors occur in North Africa, including Aedes (five species), Culex (eight species), Culiseta (one species) and Anopheles (12 species). These 26 species are involved in the circulation of seven MBDs in North Africa, including two parasitic infections (malaria and filariasis) and five viral infections (WNV, RVF, DENV, SINV and USUV). No bacterial diseases have been reported so far in this area. This review may guide research studies to fill the data gaps, as well as helping with developing effective vector surveillance and controlling strategies by concerned institutions in different involved countries, leading to cooperative and coordinate vector control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Nebbak
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 384, Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail 42004, Algeria
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- École Supérieure en Sciences de l’Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaire d’Alger, Oued Smar 16059, Algeria
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Kasper J, Tomotani B, Hovius A, McIntyre M, Musicante M. Changing distributions of the cosmopolitan mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus Say and endemic Cx. pervigilans Bergroth (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Zealand. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kasper
- Natural Environment, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Anton Hovius
- Natural Environment, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mary McIntyre
- Health, Environment and Infection, Dept. Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Santos SA, Romão TP, Helvecio E, Barbosa RMR, Leal WS, Ayres CFJ. Elevated expression of odorant receptors and odorant-binding proteins genes detected in antennae of Culex quinquefasciatus field females. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.874727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus is responsible for the transmission of filarial worms and several arboviruses. Olfaction plays a crucial role in disease transmission as it influences behaviors that are essential for the survival and reproduction of the mosquito, such as the host-seeking behavior, courtship, and oviposition. Understanding the molecular events that coordinate how mosquitoes find their host may lead to alternative methods to reduce diseases transmission. Our aim was to investigate the differential expression profile of odorant receptor (ORs) and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) genes in Cx. quinquefasciatus field females compared with CqSLab laboratory mosquito colony. Seventeen genes of interest were evaluated for their qualitative and specific expression by RT-PCR on RNAs extracted from female antennae, female legs, complete male bodies, incomplete female bodies (no head and no legs), and L4 larvae. The general expression mapping of olfactory genes revealed that all analyzed genes were expressed in antennae. Some genes showed different qualitative expression profiles, such as CquiOR2, CquiOR64, CquiOR93, CquiOBP11, and CquiOBP16, which were expressed exclusively in female antennae. On the other hand, CquiOR37, CquiOBP2, and CquiOBP43 are expressed in all sample types, and CquiOBP10 was expressed in female antennae and legs and in the complete male bodies. The expression of CquiOBP5 was detected in the female’s antennae and body, but it was absent in the legs. The quantitative differential expression analysis of six of the 17 genes by RT-qPCR was performed from RNA samples from antenna pools collected in three physiological states, post-emergence, post-mating, and post-blood feeding of the field females and CqSLab. A total of 3,600 antennae were analyzed, in pools containing 100 pairs. Most genes screened showed a higher expression level in field mosquitoes when compared with the laboratory strain CqSLab. The expression of CquiOBP5 and CquiOBP10 genes was significantly different between the post-mating and post blood-meal samples of laboratory females (p < 0.05). Our results suggest specialization of the function of the genes studied and divergence in the expression pattern of field mosquitoes compared with laboratory mosquitoes, and therefore, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of data from laboratory mosquito studies.
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Spatial Analysis of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Europe: A Scoping Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14158975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne infections are increasing in endemic areas and previously unaffected regions. In 2020, the notification rate for Dengue was 0.5 cases per 100,000 population, and for Chikungunya <0.1/100,000. In 2019, the rate for Malaria was 1.3/100,000, and for West Nile Virus, 0.1/100,000. Spatial analysis is increasingly used in surveillance and epidemiological investigation, but reviews about their use in this research topic are scarce. We identify and describe the methodological approaches used to investigate the distribution and ecological determinants of mosquito-borne infections in Europe. Relevant literature was extracted from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until October 2021 and analysed according to PRISMA-ScR protocol. We identified 110 studies. Most used geographical correlation analysis (n = 50), mainly applying generalised linear models, and the remaining used spatial cluster detection (n = 30) and disease mapping (n = 30), mainly conducted using frequentist approaches. The most studied infections were Dengue (n = 32), Malaria (n = 26), Chikungunya (n = 26), and West Nile Virus (n = 24), and the most studied ecological determinants were temperature (n = 39), precipitation (n = 24), water bodies (n = 14), and vegetation (n = 11). Results from this review may support public health programs for mosquito-borne disease prevention and may help guide future research, as we recommended various good practices for spatial epidemiological studies.
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O’Keeffe KR, Oppler ZJ, Prusinski M, Falco RC, Oliver J, Haight J, Sporn LA, Backenson PB, Brisson D. Phylogeographic dynamics of the arthropod vector, the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis). Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:238. [PMID: 35765050 PMCID: PMC9241328 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of vector-borne pathogens in novel geographic areas is regulated by the migration of their arthropod vectors. Blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and the pathogens they vector, including the causative agents of Lyme disease, babesiosis and anaplasmosis, continue to grow in their population sizes and to expand in geographic range. Migration of this vector over the previous decades has been implicated as the cause of the re-emergence of the most prevalent infectious diseases in North America. METHODS We systematically collected ticks from across New York State (hereafter referred to as New York) from 2004 to 2017 as part of routine tick-borne pathogen surveillance in the state. This time frame corresponds with an increase in range and incidence of tick-borne diseases within New York. We randomly sampled ticks from this collection to explore the evolutionary history and population dynamics of I. scapularis. We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of each tick to characterize their current and historical spatial genetic structure and population growth using phylogeographic methods. RESULTS We sequenced whole mitochondrial genomes from 277 ticks collected across New York between 2004 and 2017. We found evidence of population genetic structure at a broad geographic scale due to differences in the relative abundance, but not the composition, of haplotypes among sampled ticks. Ticks were often most closely related to ticks from the same and nearby collection sites. The data indicate that both short- and long-range migration events shape the population dynamics of blacklegged ticks in New York. CONCLUSIONS We detailed the population dynamics of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) in New York during a time frame in which tick-borne diseases were increasing in range and incidence. Migration of ticks occurred at both coarse and fine scales in the recent past despite evidence of limits to gene flow. Past and current tick population dynamics have implications for further range expansion as habitat suitability for ticks changes due to global climate change. Analyses of mitochondrial genome sequencing data will expound upon previously identified drivers of tick presence and abundance as well as identify additional drivers. These data provide a foundation on which to generate testable hypotheses on the drivers of tick population dynamics occurring at finer scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary J. Oppler
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | - JoAnne Oliver
- Department of Health, Central New York Regional Office, Syracuse, NY 13202 USA
| | - Jamie Haight
- New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY USA
| | | | | | - Dustin Brisson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Omotayo AI, Dogara MM, Sufi D, Shuaibu T, Balogun J, Dawaki S, Muktar B, Adeniyi K, Garba N, Namadi I, Adam HA, Adamu S, Abdullahi H, Sulaiman A, Oduola AO. High pyrethroid-resistance intensity in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Jigawa, North-West, Nigeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010525. [PMID: 35727843 PMCID: PMC9249174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined pyrethroid resistance intensity and mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Jigawa, North-West Nigeria. Resistance statuses to permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin were determined with both WHO and CDC resistance bioassays. Synergist assay was conducted by pre-exposing the populations to Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) using the WHO method. Resistance intensities to 2x, 5x and 10x of diagnostic concentrations were determined with the CDC bottle method. Species analysis and presence of knockdown mutation (Leu-Phe) were done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus was the only Culex spp. present and “Kdr-west” mutation was not detected in all analyzed samples. Using WHO method, Cx. quinquefasciatus resistance to permethrin was detected in Dutse (12.2%) and Kafin-Hausa (77.78%). Lambda-cyhalothrin resistance was recorded only in Kafin-Hausa (83.95%) with resistance suspected in Ringim (90%). Resistance to alphacypermethrin was recorded in all locations. Pre-exposure to PBO led to 100% mortality to alphacypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Ringim while mortality to permethrin and alphacypermethrin in Dutse increased from 12.2% to 97.5% and 64.37% to 79.52% respectively. Using CDC bottle bioassay, resistance was also recorded in all populations and the result shows a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.728, p = 0.026) with the result from the WHO bioassay. Results of resistance intensity revealed a very high level of resistance in Kafin-Hausa with susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin not achieved at 10x of diagnostic doses. Resistance intensity was also high in Dutse with susceptibility to all insecticides not achieved at 5x of diagnostic doses. Widespread and high intensity of resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus from North-West Nigeria is a major threat to the control of diseases transmitted by Culex and other mosquito species. It is a challenge that needs to be adequately addressed so as to prevent the failure of pyrethroid-based vector control tools. Development of resistance to insecticide by mosquitoes has been identified to be a major challenge in the prevention and control of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. This informs this study that investigated the level of resistance of Culex mosquitoes from Jigawa, North-West Nigeria to Pyrethroids. The main type of Culex mosquitoes found in the sampled area was Cx. quinquefasciatus. The Cx. quinquefasciatus populations were found to be resistant to permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin. Resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus from the three LGAs is more pronounced to alphacypermethrin. The methods employed by the mosquitoes in developing resistance involve detoxification of the insecticides by metabolic enzymes. Cx. quinquefasciatus from the three LGAs were observed to be highly resistant and can withstand multiple of the recommended doses. This development whereby Cx. quinquefasciatus populations were highly resistant to these recommended insecticides is of serious concern as it can lead to failure of all efforts geared towards prevention and control of diseases transmitted by Culex mosquitoes in North-West Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Idowu Omotayo
- Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Musa Mustapha Dogara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Danjuma Sufi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Tasiu Shuaibu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Balogun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Salwa Dawaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Bature Muktar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Kamoru Adeniyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Nura Garba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Isah Namadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Hafiz Abdullahi Adam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Shuaibu Adamu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Hamza Abdullahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Sulaiman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
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Brandau L, Jacksch S, Weis S, Schnell S, Egert M. Minority report: small-scale metagenomic analysis of the non-bacterial kitchen sponge microbiota. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:363. [PMID: 35661258 PMCID: PMC9167186 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kitchen sponges are particularly well known to harbor a high number and diversity of bacteria, including pathogens. Viruses, archaea, and eukaryotes in kitchen sponges, however, have not been examined in detail so far. To increase knowledge on the non-bacterial kitchen sponge microbiota and its potential hygienic relevance, we investigated five used kitchen sponges by means of metagenomic shot-gun sequencing. Viral particles were sought to be enriched by a filter step during DNA extraction from the sponges. Data analysis revealed that ~ 2% of the sequences could be assigned to non-bacterial taxa. Each sponge harbored different virus (phage) species, while the present archaea were predominantly affiliated with halophilic taxa. Among the eukaryotic taxa, besides harmless algae, or amoebas, mainly DNA from food-left-overs was found. The presented work offers new insights into the complex microbiota of used kitchen sponges and contributes to a better understanding of their hygienic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brandau
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Susanne Jacksch
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Severin Weis
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schnell
- Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Egert
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
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Climate Change Influences on the Potential Distribution of the Sand Fly Phlebotomus sergenti, Vector of Leishmania tropica in Morocco. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:858-866. [PMID: 35294974 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are a vector-borne disease, re-emerging in several regions of the world posing a burden on public health. As other vector-borne diseases, climate change is a crucial factor affecting the evolution of leishmaniasis. In Morocco, anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is widespread geographically as many foci across the country, mainly in central Morocco. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of ACL due to Leishmania tropica, and its corresponding vector Phlebotomus sergenti in Morocco. METHODS Using Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) tool, the estimated geographical range shift of L. tropica and P. sergenti by 2050 was projected under two Representative's Concentration's Pathways (RCPs) to be 2.6 and RCP 8.5 respectively. P. sergenti records were obtained from field collections of the laboratory team and previously published entomological observations, while, epidemiological data for L. tropica were obtained from Moroccan Ministry of Health reports. RESULTS Our models under present-day conditions indicated a probable expansion for L. tropica as well as for its vector in Morocco, P. sergenti. It showed a concentrated distribution in the west-central and northern area of Morocco. Future predictions anticipate expansion into areas not identified as suitable for P. sergenti under present conditions, particularly in northern and southeastern areas of Morocco. L. tropica is also expected to have high expansion in southern areas for the next 30 years in Morocco. CONCLUSION This indicates that L. tropica and P. sergenti will continue to find suitable climate conditions in the future. A higher abundance of P. sergenti may indeed result in a higher transmission risk of ACL. This information is essential in developing a control plan for ACL in Morocco. However, future investigations on L. tropica reservoirs are needed to confirm our predictions.
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dos Santos Conceição M, Chahad-Ehlers S, dos Santos-Neto LG, Sant’Ana AL, Ribeiro GPM, do Rocio Klisiowicz D, Silva-Inacio CL, de Moura Barbosa T, Gama RA, Lozovei AL, de Andrade AJ. Culicidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) in the southern Brazilian 'Ana Leuch Lozovei' collection, with notes on distribution and diversity. GIGABYTE 2022; 2022:gigabyte55. [PMID: 36824533 PMCID: PMC9930534 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological collections are important for acquiring knowledge of the biodiversity of a specific environment. Here, we organize, list and catalog adult specimens of Culicidae from the Parasitology Collection of the Basic Pathology Department at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, and present a databank of taxonomic and collection information for each sample. Culicids were collected using different methodologies in 18 municipalities in Paraná state, between 1967 and 1999. There are 5,739 catalogued specimens, of which 4,703 (81.94%) are identified at species level, with a diversity of 100 species. Of these, 18 are new recorded samples for Paraná, and three are new for Brazil. This collection is named the Ana Leuch Lozovei Entomological Collection in honor of the 30 years Prof Lovozei dedicated to culicid study in Paraná. The collection comprises insect vectors or potential vectors, of agents causing human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício dos Santos Conceição
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil, Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| | - Samira Chahad-Ehlers
- Genetics and Evolution Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga dos Santos-Neto
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Adson Luís Sant’Ana
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Princival Marques Ribeiro
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Débora do Rocio Klisiowicz
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Cássio Lázaro Silva-Inacio
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Taciano de Moura Barbosa
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Antonaci Gama
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Leuch Lozovei
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Post-graduate Programme in Entomology, Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil, Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
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Tokash-Peters AG, Jabon JD, Fung ME, Peters JA, Lopez SG, Woodhams DC. Trans-Generational Symbiont Transmission Reduced at High Temperatures in a West Nile Virus Vector Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.762132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of environmental factors on the efficacy of the endosymbiont Wolbachia used in mosquito and pathogen control are poorly characterized and may be critical for disease control. We studied the vector mosquito Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Say) to determine the effect of temperature on the composition of the relative abundance of Wolbachia spp. and the microbiome, as well as key immune genes of interest in the Toll and IMD pathways. 16S barcode sequencing was used to determine the microbiome composition and qPCR was used to determine the relative abundance of Wolbachia spp. based on the highly utilized marker Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene. We found no effect of temperature within a single generation on the relative abundance of Wolbachia or immune gene expression, nor on the alpha or beta diversity of the microbiome. However, there was a significant difference in the abundance of Wolbachia between generations at high temperatures (≥ 28°C), but not at lower temperatures (≤ 23°C). These results support the idea that Wolbachia are reduced at higher temperatures between generations, which has an influence on the establishment of pathogens including West Nile Virus (WNV). Modulation of the Toll or IMD mosquito immune pathways was not indicated. Wolbachia endosymbiosis and trans-generation transmission appears especially sensitive to high temperatures, which may have implications for Wolbachia-based vector control strategies under climate change scenarios.
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White LA, Bisom TC, Grimes HL, Hayashi M, Lanchy JM, Lodmell JS. Tra2beta-Dependent Regulation of RIO Kinase 3 Splicing During Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection Underscores the Links Between Alternative Splicing and Innate Antiviral Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:799024. [PMID: 35127560 PMCID: PMC8807687 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.799024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging pathogen that has potential to cause severe disease in humans and domestic livestock. Propagation of RVFV strain MP-12 is negatively impacted by the actions of RIOK3, a protein involved in the cellular immune response to viral infection. During RVFV infection, RIOK3 mRNA is alternatively spliced to produce an isoform that correlates with the inhibition of interferon β signaling. Here, we identify splicing factor TRA2-β (also known as TRA2beta and hTRA2-β) as a key regulator governing the relative abundance of RIOK3 splicing isoforms. Using RT-PCR and minigenes, we determined that TRA2-β interaction with RIOK3 pre-mRNA was necessary for constitutive splicing of RIOK3 mRNA, and conversely, lack of TRA2-β engagement led to increased alternative splicing. Expression of TRA2-β was found to be necessary for RIOK3's antiviral effect against RVFV. Intriguingly, TRA2-β mRNA is also alternatively spliced during RVFV infection, leading to a decrease in cellular TRA2-β protein levels. These results suggest that splicing modulation serves as an immune evasion strategy by RVFV and/or is a cellular mechanism to prevent excessive immune response. Furthermore, the results suggest that TRA2-β can act as a key regulator of additional steps of the innate immune response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Adam White
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Thomas C. Bisom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Hunter L. Grimes
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Miyuki Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jean-Marc Lanchy
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - J. Stephen Lodmell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States,Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States,*Correspondence: J. Stephen Lodmell,
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42
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Reinhold JM, Chandrasegaran K, Oker H, Crespo JE, Vinauger C, Lahondère C. Species-Specificity in Thermopreference and CO 2-Gated Heat-Seeking in Culex Mosquitoes. INSECTS 2022; 13:92. [PMID: 35055936 PMCID: PMC8779787 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combining thermopreference (Tp) and CO2-gated heat-seeking assays, we studied the thermal preferendum and response to thermal cues in three Culex mosquito species exhibiting differences in native habitat and host preference (e.g., biting cold and/or warm-blooded animals). Results show that these species differ in both Tp and heat-seeking behavior. In particular, we found that Culex territans, which feed primarily on cold-blood hosts, did not respond to heat during heat-seeking assays, regardless of the CO2 concentration, but exhibited an intermediate Tp during resting. In contrast, Cx. quinquefasciatus, which feeds on warm blooded hosts, sought the coolest locations on a thermal gradient and responded only moderately to thermal stimuli when paired with CO2 at higher concentrations. The third species, Cx. tarsalis, which has been shown to feed on a wide range of hosts, responded to heat when paired with high CO2 levels and exhibited a high Tp. This study provides the first insights into the role of heat and CO2 in the host seeking behavior of three disease vectors in the Culex genus and highlights differences in preferred resting temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Reinhold
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.M.R.); (K.C.); (H.O.); (C.V.)
| | - Karthikeyan Chandrasegaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.M.R.); (K.C.); (H.O.); (C.V.)
| | - Helen Oker
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.M.R.); (K.C.); (H.O.); (C.V.)
| | - José E. Crespo
- Laboratorio de Entomología Experimental—Grupo de Ecología Térmica en Insectos (GETI), Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Clément Vinauger
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.M.R.); (K.C.); (H.O.); (C.V.)
- The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.M.R.); (K.C.); (H.O.); (C.V.)
- The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Culex Mosquitoes at Stormwater Control Measures and Combined Sewer Overflow Outfalls after Heavy Rainfall. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito borne diseases are increasingly problematic as climate change continues to alter patterns of precipitation, flooding, and temperatures that may favor mosquito habitats. Stormwater control measures (SCMs), ecologically sustainable methods of stormwater management, may have varying impacts on Culex mosquitoes, such as in areas with combined sewer overflows (CSOs). We studied spatial and temporal associations of SCMs and Culex mosquito counts surrounding the SCMs, stratifying our examination amongst those that do/do not use pooling and/or vegetation, as well as surrounding CSO outfalls after heavy rainfall (≥95th percentile) during summer 2018. Results indicate Culex mosquito counts after heavy rainfall were not significantly different at SCMs that use vegetation and/or ponding from at those that do not. We also found a 35.5% reduction in the increase of Culex mosquitoes the day of, and 77.0% reduction 7–8 days after, heavy rainfall at CSO outfalls treated with medium SCM density compared to those without SCMs. Our results suggest that SCMs may be associated with a reduction in the increase of Culex mosquitoes at the CSO outfalls after heavy rainfall. More research is needed to study how the impacts of SCMs on mosquito populations may affect human health.
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44
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Arsenault-Benoit A, Greene A, Fritz ML. Paved Paradise: Belowground Parking Structures Sustain Urban Mosquito Populations in Washington, DC. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2021; 37:291-295. [PMID: 34817615 PMCID: PMC9128311 DOI: 10.2987/21-7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After notification of mosquitoes within federal buildings in Washington, DC, we surveyed belowground levels of nearby parking structures for mosquitoes and standing water in the summer months of 2018 and 2019. Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and members of the Culex pipiens Assemblage were found. Genotyping revealed pipiens, molestus, and quinquefasciatus ancestry among Cx. pipiens Assemblage mosquitoes, and allele frequency comparisons indicated a stable, resident population. Winter and spring aboveground temperatures ranged from -11°C to 35°C, while belowground temperatures never dropped below 5°C or exceeded 30°C, and winter temperatures were significantly higher belowground compared with aboveground. Moderated winter conditions suggest that belowground urban structures could act as refugia for warmer-climate species, like Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, allowing them to overcome assumed thermal barriers. Surveys of parking structures should be incorporated into integrated vector management programs in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Greene
- Public Buildings Service, US General Services Administration, Washington, DC 20405
| | - Megan L. Fritz
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742
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45
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Outammassine A, Zouhair S, Loqman S. Global potential distribution of three underappreciated arboviruses vectors (Aedes japonicus, Aedes vexans and Aedes vittatus) under current and future climate conditions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e1160-e1171. [PMID: 34821477 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) are expanding their geographic range, posing significant health threats to millions of people worldwide. This expansion is associated with efficient and suitable vector availability. Apart from the well-known Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, other Aedes species may potentially promote the geographic spread of arboviruses because these viruses have similar vector requirements. Aedes japonicus, Ae. vexans and Ae. vittatus are a growing concern, given their potential and known vector competence for several arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In the present study, we developed detailed maps of their global potential distributions under both current and future (2050) climate conditions, using an ecological niche modeling approach (Maxent). Under present-day conditions, Ae. japonicus and Ae. vexans have suitable areas in the northeastern United States, across Europe and in southeastern China, whereas the tropical regions of South America, Africa and Asia are more suitable for Ae. vittatus. Future scenarios anticipated range changes for the three species, with each expected to expand into new areas that are currently not suitable. By 2050, Ae. japonicus will have a broader potential distribution across much of Europe, the United States, western Russia and central Asia. Aedes vexans may be able to expand its range, especially in Libya, Egypt and southern Australia. For Ae. vittatus, future projections indicated areas at risk in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. As such, these species deserve as much attention as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus when processing arboviruses risk assessments and our findings may help to better understand the potential distribution of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Outammassine
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Said Zouhair
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Avicienne Hospital Military, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Souad Loqman
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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46
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Mulvey P, Duong V, Boyer S, Burgess G, Williams DT, Dussart P, Horwood PF. The Ecology and Evolution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Pathogens 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34959489 PMCID: PMC8704921 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus mainly spread by Culex mosquitoes that currently has a geographic distribution across most of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Infection with JEV can cause Japanese encephalitis (JE), a severe disease with a high mortality rate, which also results in ongoing sequalae in many survivors. The natural reservoir of JEV is ardeid wading birds, such as egrets and herons, but pigs commonly play an important role as an amplifying host during outbreaks in human populations. Other domestic animals and wildlife have been detected as hosts for JEV, but their role in the ecology and epidemiology of JEV is uncertain. Safe and effective JEV vaccines are available, but unfortunately, their use remains low in most endemic countries where they are most needed. Increased surveillance and diagnosis of JE is required as climate change and social disruption are likely to facilitate further geographical expansion of Culex vectors and JE risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mulvey
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia;
| | - Veasna Duong
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia; (V.D.); (S.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Sebastien Boyer
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia; (V.D.); (S.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Graham Burgess
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia;
| | - David T. Williams
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia; (V.D.); (S.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia;
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia;
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47
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Cuervo PF, Artigas P, Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD. West Nile virus in Spain: Forecasting the geographical distribution of risky areas with an ecological niche modelling approach. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e1113-e1129. [PMID: 34812589 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a well-known emerging vector-borne arbovirus with a zoonotic life cycle, represents a threat to both public and animal health. Transmitted by ornithophilic mosquitoes, its transmission is difficult to predict and even more difficult to prevent. The massive and unprecedented number of human cases and equid outbreaks in Spain during 2020 interpellates for new approaches. For the first time, we present an integrate analysis from a niche perspective to provide an insight to the situation of West Nile disease (WND) in Spain. Our modelling approach benefits from the combined use of global occurrence records of outbreaks of WND in equids and of its two alleged main vectors in Spain, Culex pipiens and Cx. perexiguus. Maps of the climatic suitability for the presence of the two vectors species and for the circulation of WNV are provided. The main outcome of our study is a map delineating the areas under certain climatic risk of transmission. Our analyses indicate that the climatic risk of transmission of WND is medium in areas nearby the south Atlantic coastal area of the Cadiz Gulf and the Mediterranean coast, and high in southwestern Spain. The higher risk of transmission in the basins of the rivers Guadiana and Guadalquivir cannot be attributed exclusively to the local abundance of Cx. pipiens, but could be ascribed to the presence and abundance of Cx. perexiguus. Furthermore, this integrated analysis suggests that the WNV presents an ecological niche of its own, not fully overlapping the ones of its hosts or vector, and thus requiring particular environmental conditions to succeed in its infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernando Cuervo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.,Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET - Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricio Artigas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Bargues
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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48
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Ghasemi S, Malekian M, Tarkesh M. Climate change pushes an economic insect to the brink of extinction: A case study for
Cyamophila astragalicola
in Iran. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghasemi
- Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Mansoureh Malekian
- Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Mostafa Tarkesh
- Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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49
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Mendonça-Gomes JM, Charlie-Silva I, Guimarães ATB, Estrela FN, Calmon MF, Miceli RN, Sanches PRS, Bittar C, Rahal P, Cilli EM, Ahmed MAI, Vogel CFA, Malafaia G. Shedding light on toxicity of SARS-CoV-2 peptides in aquatic biota: A study involving neotropical mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117818. [PMID: 34333265 PMCID: PMC8291650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about how the COVID-19 pandemic can affect aquatic wildlife is still extremely limited, and no effect of SARS-CoV-2 or its structural constituents on invertebrate models has been reported so far. Thus, we investigated the presence of the 2019-new coronavirus in different urban wastewater samples and, later, evaluated the behavioral and biochemical effects of the exposure of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae to two SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptides (PSPD-2002 and PSPD-2003) synthesized in our laboratory. Initially, our results show the contamination of wastewater by the new coronavirus, via RT-qPCR on the viral N1 gene. On the other hand, our study shows that short-term exposure (48 h) to a low concentration (40 μg/L) of the synthesized peptides induced changes in the locomotor and the olfactory-driven behavior of the C. quinquefascitus larvae, which were associated with increased production of ROS and AChE activity (cholinesterase effect). To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the larval phase of a freshwater invertebrate species. The results raise concerns at the ecological level where the observed biological effects may lead to drastic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Neves Estrela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano; Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"; São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nava Miceli
- SeMAE - Serviço Municipal Autonômo de Água e Esgoto, São José do Rio Preto; São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Sanches
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Bittar
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"; São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"; São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano; Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlância, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Keyel AC, Raghavendra A, Ciota AT, Elison Timm O. West Nile virus is predicted to be more geographically widespread in New York State and Connecticut under future climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5430-5445. [PMID: 34392584 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of climate change on infectious diseases are a topic of considerable interest and discussion. We studied West Nile virus (WNV) in New York (NY) and Connecticut (CT) using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model climate change scenario, which allows us to examine the effects of climate change and variability on WNV risk at county level. We chose WNV because it is well studied, has caused over 50,000 reported human cases, and over 2200 deaths in the United States. The ecological impacts have been substantial (e.g., millions of avian deaths), and economic impacts include livestock deaths, morbidity, and healthcare-related expenses. We trained two Random Forest models with observational climate data and human cases to predict future levels of WNV based on future weather conditions. The Regional Model used present-day data from NY and CT, whereas the Analog Model was fit for states most closely matching the predicted future conditions in the region. Separately, we predicted changes to mosquito-based WNV risk using a trait-based thermal biology approach (Mosquito Model). The WRF model produced control simulations (present day) and pseudo-global warming simulations (future). The Regional and Analog Models predicted an overall increase in human cases of WNV under future warming. However, the Analog Model did not predict as strong of an increase in the number of human cases as the Regional Model, and predicted a decrease in cases in some counties that currently experience high numbers of WNV cases. The Mosquito Model also predicted a decrease in risk in current high-risk areas, with an overall reduction in the population-weighted relative risk (but an increase in area-weighted risk). The Mosquito Model supports the Analog Model as making more realistic predictions than the Regional Model. All three models predicted a geographic increase in WNV cases across NY and CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Keyel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Raghavendra
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Oliver Elison Timm
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
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