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Weng Y, Zhou S, Morillo K, Kaletsky R, Lin S, Murphy CT. The neuron-specific IIS/FOXO transcriptome in aged animals reveals regulatory mechanisms of cognitive aging. eLife 2024; 13:RP95621. [PMID: 38922671 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a significant health concern in our aging society. Here, we used the model organism C. elegans to investigate the impact of the IIS/FOXO pathway on age-related cognitive decline. The daf-2 Insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutant exhibits a significant extension of learning and memory span with age compared to wild-type worms, an effect that is dependent on the DAF-16 transcription factor. To identify possible mechanisms by which aging daf-2 mutants maintain learning and memory with age while wild-type worms lose neuronal function, we carried out neuron-specific transcriptomic analysis in aged animals. We observed downregulation of neuronal genes and upregulation of transcriptional regulation genes in aging wild-type neurons. By contrast, IIS/FOXO pathway mutants exhibit distinct neuronal transcriptomic alterations in response to cognitive aging, including upregulation of stress response genes and downregulation of specific insulin signaling genes. We tested the roles of significantly transcriptionally-changed genes in regulating cognitive functions, identifying novel regulators of learning and memory. In addition to other mechanistic insights, a comparison of the aged vs young daf-2 neuronal transcriptome revealed that a new set of potentially neuroprotective genes is upregulated; instead of simply mimicking a young state, daf-2 may enhance neuronal resilience to accumulation of harm and take a more active approach to combat aging. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for regulating cognitive function with age and offer insights into novel therapeutic targets for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Weng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Katherine Morillo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Rachel Kaletsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
- Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Sarah Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
- Princeton University, Princeton, United States
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2
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Mächtel R, Dobert JP, Hehr U, Weiss A, Kettwig M, Laugwitz L, Groeschel S, Schmidt M, Arnold P, Regensburger M, Zunke F. Late-onset Krabbe disease presenting as spastic paraplegia - implications of GCase and CTSB/D. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38837642 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Krabbe disease (KD) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder with severe disability and premature death, mostly with an infancy/childhood onset. In rare cases of late-onset phenotypes, symptoms are often milder and difficult to diagnose. We here present a translational approach combining diagnostic and biochemical analyses of a male patient with a progressive gait disorder starting at the age of 44 years, with a final diagnosis of late-onset KD (LOKD). METHODS Additionally to cerebral MRI, protein structural analyses of the β-galactocerebrosidase protein (GALC) were performed. Moreover, expression, lysosomal localization, and activities of β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cathepsin B (CTSB), and cathepsin D (CTSD) were analyzed in leukocytes, fibroblasts, and lysosomes of fibroblasts. RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed biallelic likely pathogenic variants: GALC exons 11-17: 33 kb deletion; exon 4: missense variant (c.334A>G, p.Thr112Ala). We detected a reduced GALC activity in leukocytes and fibroblasts. While histological KD phenotypes were absent in fibroblasts, they showed a significantly decreased activities of GCase, CTSB, and CTSD in lysosomal fractions, while expression levels were unaffected. INTERPRETATION The presented LOKD case underlines the age-dependent appearance of a mildly pathogenic GALC variant and its interplay with other lysosomal proteins. As GALC malfunction results in reduced ceramide levels, we assume this to be causative for the here described decrease in CTSB and CTSD activity, potentially leading to diminished GCase activity. Hence, we emphasize the importance of a functional interplay between the lysosomal enzymes GALC, CTSB, CTSD, and GCase, as well as between their substrates, and propose their conjoined contribution in KD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mächtel
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Hehr
- Center for Human Genetics, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Weiss
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kettwig
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Groeschel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Zhao Y, Xu K, Shu F, Zhang F. Neurotropic virus infection and neurodegenerative diseases: Potential roles of autophagy pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14548. [PMID: 38082503 PMCID: PMC11163195 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a group of disorders characterized by the progressive deterioration of nervous system functionality. Currently, the precise etiological factors responsible for NDs remain incompletely elucidated, although it is probable that a combination of aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental stressors participate in this process. Accumulating evidence indicates that viral infections, especially neurotropic viruses, can contribute to the onset and progression of NDs. In this review, emerging evidence supporting the association between viral infection and NDs is summarized, and how the autophagy pathway mediated by viral infection can cause pathological aggregation of cellular proteins associated with various NDs is discussed. Furthermore, autophagy-related genes (ARGs) involved in Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection and NDs are analyzed, and whether these genes could link HSV-1 infection to NDs is discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying NDs is critical for developing targeted therapeutic approaches that prevent the onset and slow the progression of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐jia Zhao
- Laboratory Animal CentreZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Kai‐fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Fu‐xing Shu
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy UtilizationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal CentreZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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4
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Gallwitz L, Bleibaum F, Voss M, Schweizer M, Spengler K, Winter D, Zöphel F, Müller S, Lichtenthaler S, Damme M, Saftig P. Cellular depletion of major cathepsin proteases reveals their concerted activities for lysosomal proteolysis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:227. [PMID: 38775843 PMCID: PMC11111660 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Proteins delivered by endocytosis or autophagy to lysosomes are degraded by exo- and endoproteases. In humans 15 lysosomal cathepsins (CTS) act as important physiological regulators. The cysteine proteases CTSB and CTSL and the aspartic protease CTSD are the most abundant and functional important lysosomal proteinases. Whereas their general functions in proteolysis in the lysosome, their individual substrate, cleavage specificity, and their possible sequential action on substrate proteins have been previously studied, their functional redundancy is still poorly understood. To address a possible common role of highly expressed and functional important CTS proteases, we generated CTSB-, CTSD-, CTSL-, and CTSBDL-triple deficient (KO) human neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cells and CTSB-, CTSD-, CTSL-, CTSZ and CTSBDLZ-quadruple deficient (KO) HeLa cells. These cells with a combined cathepsin deficiency exhibited enlarged lysosomes and accumulated lipofuscin-like storage material. The lack of the three (SH-SY5Y) or four (HeLa) major CTSs caused an impaired autophagic flux and reduced degradation of endocytosed albumin. Proteome analyses of parental and CTS-depleted cells revealed an enrichment of cleaved peptides, lysosome/autophagy-associated proteins, and potentially endocytosed membrane proteins like the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which can be subject to endocytic degradation. Amino- and carboxyterminal APP fragments accumulated in the multiple CTS-deficient cells, suggesting that multiple CTS-mediated cleavage events regularly process APP. In summary, our analyses support the idea that different lysosomal cathepsins act in concert, have at least partially and functionally redundant substrates, regulate protein degradation in autophagy, and control cellular proteostasis, as exemplified by their involvement in the degradation of APP fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gallwitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Bleibaum
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Voss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), UKE, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Spengler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Zöphel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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Salgado B, Izquierdo B, Zapata A, Sastre I, Kristen H, Terreros J, Mejías V, Bullido MJ, Aldudo J. Cholesterol Modulation Attenuates the AD-like Phenotype Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:603. [PMID: 38786010 PMCID: PMC11117519 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, a crucial component of cell membranes, influences various biological processes, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and host-pathogen interactions. Disruptions in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to congenital and acquired conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research from our group has demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) induces an AD-like phenotype in several cell models of infection. This study explores the interplay between cholesterol and HSV-1-induced neurodegeneration. The impact of cholesterol was determined by modulating its levels with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) using the neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and N2a. We have found that HSV-1 infection triggers the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in structures resembling endolysosomal/autophagic compartments, a process reversible upon MβCD treatment. Moreover, MβCD exhibits inhibitory effects at various stages of HSV-1 infection, underscoring the importance of cellular cholesterol levels, not only in the viral entry process but also in subsequent post-entry stages. MβCD also alleviated several features of AD-like neurodegeneration induced by viral infection, including lysosomal impairment and intracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. In conclusion, these findings highlight the connection between cholesterol, neurodegeneration, and HSV-1 infection, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Salgado
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Izquierdo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Zapata
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Kristen
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Terreros
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Mejías
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Aldudo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Wang HL, Narisawa M, Wu P, Meng X, Cheng XW. The many roles of cathepsins in restenosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24720. [PMID: 38333869 PMCID: PMC10850908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DES) and dual antiplatelet regimens have significantly improved the clinical management of ischemic heart disease; however, the drugs loaded with DES in clinical practice are mostly paclitaxel or rapamycin derivatives, which target symptoms of post implantation proliferation and inflammation, leading to delayed re-endothelialization and neo-atherosclerosis. Along with the treatments already in place, there is a need for novel strategies to lessen the negative clinical outcomes of DES delays as well as a need for greater understanding of their pathobiological mechanisms. This review concentrates on the function of cathepsins (Cats) in the inflammatory response and granulation tissue formation that follow Cat-induced damage to the vasculature scaffold, as well as the functions of Cats in intimal hyperplasia, which is characterized by the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and endothelial denudation, re-endothelialization, and/or neo-endothelialization. Additionally, Cats can alter essential neointima formation and immune response inside scaffolds, and if Cats are properly controlled in vivo, they may improve scaffold biocompatibility. This unique profile of functions could lead to an original concept for a cathepsin-based coronary intervention treatment as an adjunct to stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Long Wang
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Megumi Narisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, 4668550, Japan
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, PR China
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7
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Rudisch DM, Krasko MN, Barnett DGS, Mueller KD, Russell JA, Connor NP, Ciucci MR. Early ultrasonic vocalization deficits and related thyroarytenoid muscle pathology in the transgenic TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 17:1294648. [PMID: 38322496 PMCID: PMC10844490 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1294648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurologic disease and the most common cause of dementia. Classic pathology in AD is characterized by inflammation, abnormal presence of tau protein, and aggregation of β-amyloid that disrupt normal neuronal function and lead to cell death. Deficits in communication also occur during disease progression and significantly reduce health, well-being, and quality of life. Because clinical diagnosis occurs in the mid-stage of the disease, characterizing the prodrome and early stages in humans is currently challenging. To overcome these challenges, we use the validated TgF344-AD (F344-Tg(Prp-APP, Prp-PS1)19/Rrrc) transgenic rat model that manifests cognitive, behavioral, and neuropathological dysfunction akin to AD in humans. Objectives The overarching goal of our work is to test the central hypothesis that pathology and related behavioral deficits such as communication dysfunction in part manifest in the peripheral nervous system and corresponding target tissues already in the early stages. The primary aims of this study are to test the hypotheses that: (1) changes in ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) occur in the prodromal stage at 6 months of age and worsen at 9 months of age, (2) inflammation as well as AD-related pathology can be found in the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) at 12 months of age (experimental endpoint tissue harvest), and to (3) demonstrate that the TgF344-AD rat model is an appropriate model for preclinical investigations of early AD-related vocal deficits. Methods USVs were collected from male TgF344-AD (N = 19) and wildtype (WT) Fischer-344 rats (N = 19) at 6 months (N = 38; WT: n = 19; TgF344-AD: n = 19) and 9 months of age (N = 18; WT: n = 10; TgF344-AD: n = 8) and acoustically analyzed for duration, mean power, principal frequency, low frequency, high frequency, peak frequency, and call type. RT-qPCR was used to assay peripheral inflammation and AD-related pathology via gene expressions in the TA muscle of male TgF344-AD rats (n = 6) and WT rats (n = 6) at 12 months of age. Results This study revealed a significant reduction in mean power of ultrasonic calls from 6 to 9 months of age and increased peak frequency levels over time in TgF344-AD rats compared to WT controls. Additionally, significant downregulation of AD-related genes Uqcrc2, Bace2, Serpina3n, and Igf2, as well as downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene Myd88 was found in the TA muscle of TgF344-AD rats at 12 months of age. Discussion Our findings demonstrate early and progressive vocal deficits in the TgF344-AD rat model. We further provide evidence of dysregulation of AD-pathology-related genes as well as inflammatory genes in the TA muscles of TgF344-AD rats in the early stage of the disease, confirming this rat model for early-stage investigations of voice deficits and related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Michael Rudisch
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- UW Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Maryann N Krasko
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David G S Barnett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kimberly D Mueller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - John A Russell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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8
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Almeida MF, Farizatto KLG, Almeida RS, Bahr BA. Lifestyle strategies to promote proteostasis and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102162. [PMID: 38070831 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle choices, poor diet, and aging can have negative influences on cognition, gradually increasing the risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the continuum comprising early dementia. Aging is the greatest risk factor for age-related dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, and the aging process is known to be influenced by life events that can positively or negatively affect age-related diseases. Remarkably, life experiences that make the brain vulnerable to dementia, such as seizure episodes, neurotoxin exposures, metabolic disorders, and trauma-inducing events (e.g. traumatic injuries or mild neurotrauma from a fall or blast exposure), have been associated with negative effects on proteostasis and synaptic integrity. Functional compromise of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, a major contributor to proteostasis, has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, obesity-related pathology, Huntington's disease, as well as in synaptic degeneration which is the best correlate of cognitive decline. Correspondingly, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies that positively modulate lysosomal proteases are recognized as synaptoprotective through degradative clearance of pathogenic proteins. Here, we discuss life-associated vulnerabilities that influence key hallmarks of brain aging and the increased burden of age-related dementias. Additionally, we discuss exercise and diet among the lifestyle strategies that regulate proteostasis as well as synaptic integrity, leading to evident prevention of cognitive deficits during brain aging in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Almeida
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology & Marine Biology, and the Integrative, Comparative & Marine Biology Program, University of North Carolina - Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Karen L G Farizatto
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Renato S Almeida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Taubate, Taubate, SP 12020-270, Brazil
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA.
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9
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Zhang T, Luu MDA, Dolga AM, Eisel ULM, Schmidt M. The old second messenger cAMP teams up with novel cell death mechanisms: potential translational therapeutical benefit for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207280. [PMID: 37405135 PMCID: PMC10315612 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) represent the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders severely impacting life expectancy and quality of life of millions of people worldwide. AD and PD exhibit both a very distinct pathophysiological disease pattern. Intriguingly, recent researches, however, implicate that overlapping mechanisms may underlie AD and PD. In AD and PD, novel cell death mechanisms, encompassing parthanatos, netosis, lysosome-dependent cell death, senescence and ferroptosis, apparently rely on the production of reactive oxygen species, and seem to be modulated by the well-known, "old" second messenger cAMP. Signaling of cAMP via PKA and Epac promotes parthanatos and induces lysosomal cell death, while signaling of cAMP via PKA inhibits netosis and cellular senescence. Additionally, PKA protects against ferroptosis, whereas Epac1 promotes ferroptosis. Here we review the most recent insights into the overlapping mechanisms between AD and PD, with a special focus on cAMP signaling and the pharmacology of cAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Minh D. A. Luu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Amalia M. Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L. M. Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Smith M, Zhang L, Jin Y, Yang M, Bade A, Gillis KD, Jana S, Bypaneni RN, Glass TE, Lin H. A Turn-On Fluorescent Amino Acid Sensor Reveals Chloroquine's Effect on Cellular Amino Acids via Inhibiting Cathepsin L. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:980-991. [PMID: 37252359 PMCID: PMC10214525 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining homeostasis of metabolites such as amino acids is critical for cell survival. Dysfunction of nutrient balance can result in human diseases such as diabetes. Much remains to be discovered about how cells transport, store, and utilize amino acids due to limited research tools. Here we developed a novel, pan-amino acid fluorescent turn-on sensor, NS560. It detects 18 of the 20 proteogenic amino acids and can be visualized in mammalian cells. Using NS560, we identified amino acids pools in lysosomes, late endosomes, and surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, we observed amino acid accumulation in large cellular foci after treatment with chloroquine, but not with other autophagy inhibitors. Using a biotinylated photo-cross-linking chloroquine analog and chemical proteomics, we identified Cathepsin L (CTSL) as the chloroquine target leading to the amino acid accumulation phenotype. This study establishes NS560 as a useful tool to study amino acid regulation, identifies new mechanisms of action of chloroquine, and demonstrates the importance of CTSL regulation of lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
R. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Le Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yizhen Jin
- Graduate
Program of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Min Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Anusha Bade
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kevin D. Gillis
- Dalton
Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Bioengineering and Department
of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sadhan Jana
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ramesh Naidu Bypaneni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Timothy E. Glass
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Huang Z. A Function of Amyloid-β in Mediating Activity-Dependent Axon/Synapse Competition May Unify Its Roles in Brain Physiology and Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:29-57. [PMID: 36710681 PMCID: PMC10023438 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) gives rise to amyloid-β (Aβ), a peptide at the center of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AβPP, however, is also an ancient molecule dating back in evolution to some of the earliest forms of metazoans. This suggests a possible ancestral function that may have been obscured by those that evolve later. Based on literature from the functions of Aβ/AβPP in nervous system development, plasticity, and disease, to those of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) in bacterial competition as well as mechanisms of cell competition uncovered first by Drosophila genetics, I propose that Aβ/AβPP may be part of an ancient mechanism employed in cell competition, which is subsequently co-opted during evolution for the regulation of activity-dependent neural circuit development and plasticity. This hypothesis is supported by foremost the high similarities of Aβ to AMPs, both of which possess unique, opposite (i.e., trophic versus toxic) activities as monomers and oligomers. A large body of data further suggests that the different Aβ oligomeric isoforms may serve as the protective and punishment signals long predicted to mediate activity-dependent axonal/synaptic competition in the developing nervous system and that the imbalance in their opposite regulation of innate immune and glial cells in the brain may ultimately underpin AD pathogenesis. This hypothesis can not only explain the diverse roles observed of Aβ and AβPP family molecules, but also provide a conceptual framework that can unify current hypotheses on AD. Furthermore, it may explain major clinical observations not accounted for and identify approaches for overcoming shortfalls in AD animal modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Elsaid HOA, Tjeldnes H, Rivedal M, Serre C, Eikrem Ø, Svarstad E, Tøndel C, Marti HP, Furriol J, Babickova J. Gene Expression Analysis in gla-Mutant Zebrafish Reveals Enhanced Ca 2+ Signaling Similar to Fabry Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010358. [PMID: 36613802 PMCID: PMC9820748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inborn metabolic disorder due to partial or complete lysosomal α-galactosidase A deficiency. FD is characterized by progressive renal insufficiency and cardio- and cerebrovascular involvement. Restricted access on Gb3-independent tissue injury experimental models has limited the understanding of FD pathophysiology and delayed the development of new therapies. Accumulating glycosphingolipids, mainly Gb3 and lysoGb3, are Fabry specific markers used in clinical follow up. However, recent studies suggest there is a need for additional markers to monitor FD clinical course or response to treatment. We used a gla-knockout zebrafish (ZF) to investigate alternative biomarkers in Gb3-free-conditions. RNA sequencing was used to identify transcriptomic signatures in kidney tissues discriminating gla-mutant (M) from wild type (WT) ZF. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways analysis showed upregulation of immune system activation and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation pathways in kidneys from M ZF. In addition, upregulation of the Ca2+ signaling pathway was also detectable in M ZF kidneys. Importantly, disruption of mitochondrial and lysosome-related pathways observed in M ZF was validated by immunohistochemistry. Thus, this ZF model expands the pathophysiological understanding of FD, the Gb3-independent effects of gla mutations could be used to explore new therapeutic targets for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Osman Alhassan Elsaid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Tjeldnes
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariell Rivedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Camille Serre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Eikrem
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Einar Svarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Tøndel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Janka Babickova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (J.B.)
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13
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Mächtel R, Boros FA, Dobert JP, Arnold P, Zunke F. From Lysosomal Storage Disorders to Parkinson's Disease - Challenges and Opportunities. J Mol Biol 2022:167932. [PMID: 36572237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are specialized organelles with an acidic pH that act as recycling hubs for intracellular and extracellular components. They harbour numerous different hydrolytic enzymes to degrade substrates like proteins, peptides, and glycolipids. Reduced catalytic activity of lysosomal enzymes can cause the accumulation of these substrates and loss of lysosomal integrity, resulting in lysosomal dysfunction and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Post-mitotic cells, such as neurons, seem to be highly sensitive to damages induced by lysosomal dysfunction, thus LSDs often manifest with neurological symptoms. Interestingly, some LSDs and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common cellular pathomechanisms, suggesting convergence of aetiology of the two disease types. This is further underlined by genetic associations of several lysosomal genes involved in LSDs with PD. The increasing number of lysosome-associated genetic risk factors for PD makes it necessary to understand functions and interactions of lysosomal proteins/enzymes both in health and disease, thereby holding the potential to identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight genetic and mechanistic interactions between the complex lysosomal network, LSDs and PD, and elaborate on methodical challenges in lysosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mächtel
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Philipp Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Wen Z, Zhu H, Wu B, Zhang A, Wang H, Cheng Y, Zhao H, Li J, Liu M, Gao J. Cathepsin B plays a role in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation through regulating autophagy and apoptosis in mice. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14472. [PMID: 36518274 PMCID: PMC9744162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation are complex and highly ordered biological processes. Any failure or disorder in these processes can cause defects in sperm morphology, motility, and fertilization ability. Cathepsin B (CTSB) is involved in the regulation of a variety of pathological processes. In the present study, we found that CTSB was abundantly expressed in the male reproductive system, however, the specific role of CTSB in regulating spermatogenesis and sperm maturation remained elusive. Hence, we generated Ctsb -/- mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In Ctsb -/- mice, sperm count was significantly decreased while the level of morphologically abnormal sperm was markedly increased. Additionally, these mice had significantly lower levels of progressive motility sperm and elevated levels of immobilized sperm. Histological analysis showed slight vacuolization in the testis epithelium, as well as the loss of epididymal epithelium cells. Further investigation showed that autophagic activity was inhibited and apoptotic activity was increased in both the testis and epididymis of Ctsb -/- mice. Together, our findings demonstrate that CTSB plays an important role in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhuang Wen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, Institute of Science and Technology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Cecarini V, Selmi S, Cuccioloni M, Gong C, Bonfili L, Zheng Y, Cortese M, Angeletti M, Kilani S, Eleuteri AM. Targeting Proteolysis with Cyanogenic Glycoside Amygdalin Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:7591. [PMID: 36364419 PMCID: PMC9657530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women, and its incidence and mortality are rapidly growing worldwide. In this regard, plant-derived natural compounds have been shown to be effective as chemotherapeutic and preventative agents. Apricot kernels are a rich source of nutrients including proteins, lipids, fibers, and phenolic compounds and contain the aromatic cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin that has been shown to exert a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells by affecting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and regulating the immune function. METHODS Here, we describe a previously unexplored proapoptotic mechanism of action of amygdalin in breast cancer (MCF7) cells that involves the modulation of intracellular proteolysis. For comparative purposes, the same investigations were also conducted upon cell treatment with two apricot kernel aqueous extracts from Prunus armeniaca L. RESULTS We observed that both the 20S and 26S proteasome activities were downregulated in the MCF7 cells upon 24 h treatments. Simultaneously, the autophagy cascade resulted in being impaired due to cathepsin B and L inhibition that also contributed to a reduction in cancer cell migration. The inhibition of these proteolytic systems finally promoted the activation of apoptotic events in the MCF7 cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data unveil a novel mechanism of the anticancer activity of amygdalin, prompting further investigations for potential application in cancer preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Salima Selmi
- Research Unit for Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences A, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Massimiliano Cuccioloni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Chunmei Gong
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Yadong Zheng
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Manuela Cortese
- CHiP Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Soumaya Kilani
- Research Unit for Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences A, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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16
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Zamolodchikov D, Duffield M, Macdonald LE, Alessandri-Haber N. Accumulation of high molecular weight kininogen in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients may affect microglial function by altering phagocytosis and lysosomal cathepsin activity. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1919-1929. [PMID: 34978145 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased activation of the contact system protein high molecular weight kininogen (HK) has been shown in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, but its potential role in the brain has not been explored. We assessed HK levels in brain tissue from 20 AD patients and controls and modeled the effects of HK on microglia-like cells in culture. We show increased levels of HK in the hippocampus of AD patients, which colocalized with amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits and activated microglia. Treatment of microglia with HK led to cell clustering and elevated levels of phagocytosed Aβ. We demonstrate that microglia internalize HK and traffic it to lysosomes, which is accompanied by reduced activity of lysosomal cathepsins L and S. Our results suggest that HK accumulation in the AD hippocampus may alter microglial uptake and degradation of Aβ fibrils, possibly contributing to microglial dysfunction in AD.
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17
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Facile Preparation and Analytical Utility of ZnO/Date Palm Fiber Nanocomposites in Lead Removal from Environmental Water Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175592. [PMID: 36080358 PMCID: PMC9457552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports a facile approach for preparing low-cost, eco-friendly nanocomposites of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and date palm tree fiber (DPF) as a biomass sorbent. The hypothesis of this research work is the formation of an outstanding adsorbent based on the date palm fiber and ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO NP/DPF nanocomposites were synthesized by mixing the synthesized ZnO NPs and DPF in different mass ratios and evaluating their efficacy in adsorbing Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. The structure and surface morphology of the developed ZnO NP/DPF nanocomposite were critically characterized by XRD, FESEM, and TEM techniques. Compared to ZnO NPs, the ZnO NP/DPF nanocomposites displayed significantly enhanced Pb2+ uptake. Pb2+ adsorption was confirmed via various isotherm and kinetic models and thermodynamics. The computed Langmuir sorption capacity (qm) was found to be 88.76 mg/g (R2 > 0.998), and the pseudo-second-order R2 > 0.999 model was most appropriate for describing Pb2+ adsorption. Impregnating the biomass with ZnO NPs enhanced the spontaneity of the process, and the value (−56.55 kJ/mol) of ΔH displayed the exothermic characteristics of Pb2+ retention. Only the loaded ZnO NP/DPF achieved the removal of a high percentage (84.92%) of Pb2+ from the environmental water sample (seawater). This finding suggests the use of ZnO NP/DPF nanocomposites for removing heavy metals from environmental water samples to purify the samples.
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18
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New Insights into the Molecular Interplay between Human Herpesviruses and Alzheimer’s Disease—A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081010. [PMID: 36009073 PMCID: PMC9406069 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) have been implicated as possible risk factors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Persistent lifelong HHVs infections may directly or indirectly contribute to the generation of AD hallmarks: amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and synaptic loss. The present review focuses on summarizing current knowledge on the molecular mechanistic links between HHVs and AD that include processes involved in Aβ accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. A PubMed search was performed to collect all the available research data regarding the above mentioned mechanistic links between HHVs and AD pathology. The vast majority of research articles referred to the different pathways exploited by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 that could lead to AD pathology, while a few studies highlighted the emerging role of HHV 6, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein–Barr Virus. The elucidation of such potential links may guide the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics to counter this devastating neurological disorder that until now remains incurable.
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19
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Fan C, Wu Y, Rui X, Yang Y, Ling C, Liu S, Liu S, Wang Y. Animal models for COVID-19: advances, gaps and perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:220. [PMID: 35798699 PMCID: PMC9261903 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is the most consequential pandemic of this century. Since the outbreak in late 2019, animal models have been playing crucial roles in aiding the rapid development of vaccines/drugs for prevention and therapy, as well as understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses of hosts. However, the current animal models have some deficits and there is an urgent need for novel models to evaluate the virulence of variants of concerns (VOC), antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and various comorbidities of COVID-19. This review summarizes the clinical features of COVID-19 in different populations, and the characteristics of the major animal models of SARS-CoV-2, including those naturally susceptible animals, such as non-human primates, Syrian hamster, ferret, minks, poultry, livestock, and mouse models sensitized by genetically modified, AAV/adenoviral transduced, mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2, and by engraftment of human tissues or cells. Since understanding the host receptors and proteases is essential for designing advanced genetically modified animal models, successful studies on receptors and proteases are also reviewed. Several improved alternatives for future mouse models are proposed, including the reselection of alternative receptor genes or multiple gene combinations, the use of transgenic or knock-in method, and different strains for establishing the next generation of genetically modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Xiong Rui
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuansong Yang
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Susu Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Shunan Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China.
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20
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Drobny A, Prieto Huarcaya S, Dobert J, Kluge A, Bunk J, Schlothauer T, Zunke F. The role of lysosomal cathepsins in neurodegeneration: Mechanistic insights, diagnostic potential and therapeutic approaches. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119243. [PMID: 35217144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are ubiquitous organelles with a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by mediating degradation and recycling processes. Cathepsins are the most abundant lysosomal hydrolyses and are responsible for the bulk degradation of various substrates. A correct autophagic function is essential for neuronal survival, as most neurons are post-mitotic and thus susceptible to accumulate cellular components. Increasing evidence suggests a crucial role of the lysosome in neurodegeneration as a key regulator of aggregation-prone and disease-associated proteins, such as α-synuclein, β-amyloid and huntingtin. Particularly, alterations in lysosomal cathepsins CTSD, CTSB and CTSL can contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases as seen for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy Body and Multiple System Atrophy) as well as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. In this review, we provide an overview of recent evidence implicating CTSD, CTSB and CTSL in neurodegeneration, with a special focus on the role of these enzymes in α-synuclein metabolism. In addition, we summarize the potential role of lysosomal cathepsins as clinical biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss potential therapeutic approaches by targeting lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Kluge
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Josina Bunk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Po WW, Choi WS, Khing TM, Lee JY, Lee JH, Bang JS, Min YS, Jeong JH, Sohn UD. Benzyl Isothiocyanate-Induced Cytotoxicity via the Inhibition of Autophagy and Lysosomal Function in AGS Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:348-359. [PMID: 35768332 PMCID: PMC9252883 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is among the top causes of cancer-related death and is one of the most commonly diagnosed carcinomas worldwide. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has been reported to inhibit the gastric cancer metastasis. In our previous study, BITC induced apoptosis in AGS cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of BITC on autophagy mechanism in AGS cells. First, the AGS cells were treated with 5, 10, or 15 μM BITC for 24 h, followed by an analysis of the autophagy mechanism. The expression level of autophagy proteins involved in different steps of autophagy, such as LC3B, p62/SQSTM1, Atg5-Atg12, Beclin1, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, and class III PI3K was measured in the BITC-treated cells. Lysosomal function was investigated using cathepsin activity and Bafilomycin A1, an autophagy degradation stage inhibitor. Methods including qPCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were employed to detect the protein expression levels. Acridine orange staining and omnicathepsin assay were conducted to analyze the lysosomal function. siRNA transfection was performed to knock down the LC3B gene. BITC reduced the level of autophagy protein such as Beclin 1, class III PI3K, and Atg5-Atg12. BITC also induced lysosomal dysfunction which was shown as reducing cathepsin activity, protein level of cathepsin, and enlargement of acidic vesicle. Overall, the results showed that the BITC-induced AGS cell death mechanism also comprises the inhibition of the cytoprotective autophagy at both initiation and degradation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wah Wah Po
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tin Myo Khing
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Bang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sil Min
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, and Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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22
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Wang T, Xiao G, Lu Q, Zhou Y, Wang S, Liang X, Song Y, Xu M, Zhu Y, Li N. Synergistic Lysosomal Impairment and ER Stress Activation for Boosted Autophagy Dysfunction Based on Te Double-Headed Nano-Bullets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201585. [PMID: 35644863 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the autophagy compromised mechanism of protective cellular processes by "eating"/"digesting" damaged organelles or potentially toxic materials with autolysosomes in tumor cells, lysosomal impairment can be utilized as a traditional autophagy dysfunction route for tumor therapy; however, this conventional one-way autophagy dysfunction approach is always limited by the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, an innovative pharmacological strategy that can excessively provoke autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implemented along with lysosomal impairment to enhance autophagy dysfunction. In this work, the prepared tellurium double-headed nanobullets (TeDNBs) with controllable morphology are modified with human serum albumin (HSA) which facilitates internalization by tumor cells. On the one hand, ER stress can be stimulated by upregulating the phosphorylation eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (P-eIF2α) owing to the production of tellurite (TeO32- ) in the specifical hydrogen peroxide-rich tumor environment; thus, autophagy overstimulation occurs. On the other hand, OME can deacidify and impair lysosomes by downregulating lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), therefore blocking autolysosome formation. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the synthesized TeDNBs-HSA/OME (TeDNBs-HO) exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy by autophagy dysfunction through ER stress induction and lysosomal damnification. Thus, TeDNBs-HO is verified to be a promising theranostic nanoagent for effective tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Qianglan Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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23
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Milanowski LM, Hou X, Bredenberg JM, Fiesel FC, Cocker LT, Soto-Beasley AI, Walton RL, Strongosky AJ, Faroqi AH, Barcikowska M, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Dulski J, Fedoryshyn L, Janik P, Potulska-Chromik A, Karpinsky K, Krygowska-Wajs A, Lynch T, Olszewska DA, Opala G, Pulyk A, Rektorova I, Sanotsky Y, Siuda J, Widlak M, Slawek J, Rudzinska-Bar M, Uitti R, Figura M, Szlufik S, Rzonca-Niewczas S, Podgorska E, McLean PJ, Koziorowski D, Ross OA, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Springer W, Wszolek ZK. Cathepsin B p.Gly284Val Variant in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7086. [PMID: 35806091 PMCID: PMC9266886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is generally considered a sporadic disorder, but a strong genetic background is often found. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying genetic cause of PD in two affected siblings and to subsequently assess the role of mutations in Cathepsin B (CTSB) in susceptibility to PD. A typical PD family was identified and whole-exome sequencing was performed in two affected siblings. Variants of interest were validated using Sanger sequencing. CTSB p.Gly284Val was genotyped in 2077 PD patients and 615 unrelated healthy controls from the Czech Republic, Ireland, Poland, Ukraine, and the USA. The gene burden analysis was conducted for the CTSB gene in an additional 769 PD probands from Mayo Clinic Florida familial PD cohort. CTSB expression and activity in patient-derived fibroblasts and controls were evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunocytochemistry, and enzymatic assay. The CTSB p.Gly284Val candidate variant was only identified in affected family members. Functional analysis of CTSB patient-derived fibroblasts under basal conditions did not reveal overt changes in endogenous expression, subcellular localization, or enzymatic activity in the heterozygous carrier of the CTSB variant. The identification of the CTSB p.Gly284Val may support the hypothesis that the CTSB locus harbors variants with differing penetrance that can determine the disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz M. Milanowski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (L.M.M.); (A.J.S.); (J.D.); (R.U.); (Z.K.W.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.); (A.P.-C.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Jenny M. Bredenberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Fabienne C. Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Liam T. Cocker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Alexandra I. Soto-Beasley
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Ronald L. Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Audrey J. Strongosky
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (L.M.M.); (A.J.S.); (J.D.); (R.U.); (Z.K.W.)
| | - Ayman H. Faroqi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Maria Barcikowska
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Extrapyramidal Disorders and Alzheimer’s Outpatient Clinic, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Boczarska-Jedynak
- Department of Neurology and Restorative Medicine, Health Institute dr Boczarska-Jedynak, 32-600 Oswiecim, Poland;
| | - Jaroslaw Dulski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (L.M.M.); (A.J.S.); (J.D.); (R.U.); (Z.K.W.)
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL Ltd., 80-462 Gdansk, Poland;
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lyuda Fedoryshyn
- Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (L.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Piotr Janik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.); (A.P.-C.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Anna Potulska-Chromik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.); (A.P.-C.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Katherine Karpinsky
- Uzhhorod Regional Clinical Centre of Neurosurgery and Neurology, 88018 Uzhhorod, Ukraine;
| | - Anna Krygowska-Wajs
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tim Lynch
- The Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 W7XF Dublin, Ireland; (T.L.); (D.A.O.)
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diana A. Olszewska
- The Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 W7XF Dublin, Ireland; (T.L.); (D.A.O.)
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Grzegorz Opala
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (G.O.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, 601-77 Brno, Czech Republic;
- St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 601-77 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yanosh Sanotsky
- Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (L.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (G.O.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Jaroslaw Slawek
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL Ltd., 80-462 Gdansk, Poland;
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Rudzinska-Bar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Ryan Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (L.M.M.); (A.J.S.); (J.D.); (R.U.); (Z.K.W.)
| | - Monika Figura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.); (A.P.-C.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Stanislaw Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.); (A.P.-C.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | | | - Elzbieta Podgorska
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Pamela J. McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dariusz Koziorowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.); (A.P.-C.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dorota Hoffman-Zacharska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Zbigniew K. Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (L.M.M.); (A.J.S.); (J.D.); (R.U.); (Z.K.W.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.H.); (J.M.B.); (F.C.F.); (L.T.C.); (A.I.S.-B.); (R.L.W.); (A.H.F.); (P.J.M.); (O.A.R.)
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24
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Krance SH, Wu CY, Chan ACY, Kwong S, Song BX, Xiong LY, Ouk M, Chen MH, Zhang J, Yung A, Stanley M, Herrmann N, Lanctôt KL, Swardfager W. Endosomal-Lysosomal and Autophagy Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1279-1292. [PMID: 35754279 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endosomal-lysosomal and autophagy (ELA) pathway may be implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, findings thus far have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To systematically summarize differences in endosomal-lysosomal and autophagy proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people with AD and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Studies measuring CSF concentrations of relevant proteins in the ELA pathway in AD and healthy controls were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between AD and healthy controls in CSF concentrations of relevant proteins were meta-analyzed using random-effects models. RESULTS Of 2,471 unique studies, 43 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Differences in ELA protein levels in the CSF between AD and healthy controls were observed, particularly in lysosomal membrane (LAMP-1: NAD/NHC = 348/381, SMD [95% CI] = 0.599 [0.268, 0.930], I2 = 72.8% ; LAMP-2: NAD/NHC = 401/510, SMD [95% CI] = 0.480 [0.134, 0.826], I2 = 78.7%) and intra-lysosomal proteins (GM2A: NAD/NHC = 390/420, SMD [95% CI] = 0.496 [0.039, 0.954], I2 = 87.7% ; CTSB: NAD/NHC = 485/443, SMD [95% CI] = 0.201 [0.029, 0.374], I2 = 28.5% ; CTSZ: NAD/NHC = 535/820, SMD [95% CI] = -0.160 [-0.305, -0.015], I2 = 24.0%) and in proteins involved in endocytosis (AP2B1:NAD/NHC = 171/205, SMD [95% CI] = 0.513 [0.259, 0.768], I2 = 27.4% ; FLOT1: NAD/NHC = 41/45, SMD [95% CI] = -0.489 [-0.919, -0.058], I2 <0.01). LC3B, an autophagy marker, also showed a difference (NAD/NHC = 70/59, SMD [95% CI] = 0.648 [0.180, 1.116], I2 = 38.3%)), but overall there was limited evidence suggesting differences in proteins involved in endosomal function and autophagy. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of proteins in the ELA pathway may play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Some proteins within this pathway may be potential biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffire H Krance
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Y Chan
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kwong
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bing Xin Song
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Y Xiong
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Yung
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meagan Stanley
- Western Libraries, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Delport A, Hewer R. The amyloid precursor protein: a converging point in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4501-4516. [PMID: 35579846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The decades of evidence that showcase the role of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and its fragment amyloidβ (Aβ), in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis are irrefutable. However, the absolute focus on the single APP metabolite Aβ as the cause for AD has resulted in APP and its other fragments that possess toxic propensity, to be overlooked as targets for treatment. The complexity of its processing and its association with systematic metabolism suggests that, if misregulated, APP has the potential to provoke an array of metabolic dysfunctions. This review discusses APP and several of its cleaved products with a particular focus on their toxicity and ability to disrupt healthy cellular function, in relation to AD development. We subsequently argue that the reduction of APP, which would result in a concurrent decrease in Aβ as well as all other toxic APP metabolites, would alleviate the toxic environment associated with AD and slow disease progression. A discussion of those drug-like compounds already identified to possess this capacity is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandré Delport
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa.
| | - Raymond Hewer
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa
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26
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Patel T, Carnwath TP, Wang X, Allen M, Lincoln SJ, Lewis‐Tuffin L, Quicksall ZS, Lin S, Tutor‐New FQ, Ho CC, Min Y, Malphrus KG, Nguyen TT, Martin E, Garcia CA, Alkharboosh RM, Grewal S, Chaichana K, Wharen R, Guerrero‐Cazares H, Quinones‐Hinojosa A, Ertekin‐Taner N. Transcriptional landscape of human microglia implicates age, sex, and APOE-related immunometabolic pathway perturbations. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13606. [PMID: 35388616 PMCID: PMC9124307 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia have fundamental roles in health and disease; however, effects of age, sex, and genetic factors on human microglia have not been fully explored. We applied bulk and single-cell approaches to comprehensively characterize human microglia transcriptomes and their associations with age, sex, and APOE. We identified a novel microglial signature, characterized its expression in bulk tissue and single-cell microglia transcriptomes. We discovered microglial co-expression network modules associated with age, sex, and APOE-ε4 that are enriched for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes. Integrated analyses of modules with single-cell transcriptomes revealed significant overlap between age-associated module genes and both pro-inflammatory and disease-associated microglial clusters. These modules and clusters harbor known neurodegenerative disease genes including APOE, PLCG2, and BIN1. Meta-analyses with published bulk and single-cell microglial datasets further supported our findings. Thus, these data represent a well-characterized human microglial transcriptome resource and highlight age, sex, and APOE-related microglial immunometabolism perturbations with potential relevance in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi Patel
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Shu Lin
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Yuhao Min
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Thuy T. Nguyen
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Rawan M. Alkharboosh
- Department of NeurosurgeryMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramMayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Regenerative Sciences Training ProgramCenter for Regenerative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sanjeet Grewal
- Department of NeurosurgeryMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Robert Wharen
- Department of NeurosurgeryMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin‐Taner
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
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27
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Barral DC, Staiano L, Guimas Almeida C, Cutler DF, Eden ER, Futter CE, Galione A, Marques ARA, Medina DL, Napolitano G, Settembre C, Vieira OV, Aerts JMFG, Atakpa‐Adaji P, Bruno G, Capuozzo A, De Leonibus E, Di Malta C, Escrevente C, Esposito A, Grumati P, Hall MJ, Teodoro RO, Lopes SS, Luzio JP, Monfregola J, Montefusco S, Platt FM, Polishchuck R, De Risi M, Sambri I, Soldati C, Seabra MC. Current methods to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function. Traffic 2022; 23:238-269. [PMID: 35343629 PMCID: PMC9323414 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of lysosomes more than 70 years ago, much has been learned about the functions of these organelles. Lysosomes were regarded as exclusively degradative organelles, but more recent research has shown that they play essential roles in several other cellular functions, such as nutrient sensing, intracellular signalling and metabolism. Methodological advances played a key part in generating our current knowledge about the biology of this multifaceted organelle. In this review, we cover current methods used to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function. We highlight the principles behind these methods, the methodological strategies and their advantages and limitations. To extract accurate information and avoid misinterpretations, we discuss the best strategies to identify lysosomes and assess their characteristics and functions. With this review, we aim to stimulate an increase in the quantity and quality of research on lysosomes and further ground-breaking discoveries on an organelle that continues to surprise and excite cell biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte C. Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical ResearchNational Research Council (CNR)MilanItaly
| | | | - Dan F. Cutler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emily R. Eden
- University College London (UCL) Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Clare E. Futter
- University College London (UCL) Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | | | | | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery DepartmentFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | | | | | - Gemma Bruno
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | | | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNRRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | | | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Michael J. Hall
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Rita O. Teodoro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Susana S. Lopes
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - J. Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Irene Sambri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Chiara Soldati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Miguel C. Seabra
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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Dual-Functional Antioxidant and Antiamyloid Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Fabricated by Controlled Synthesis in Water-Alcohol Solutions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050942. [PMID: 35625679 PMCID: PMC9138294 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be associated with a number of degenerative diseases. A better knowledge of the interplay between oxidative stress and amyloidogenesis is crucial for the understanding of both, aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs, nanoceria) due to their remarkable properties are perspective nanomaterials in the study of the processes accompanying oxidative-stress-related diseases, including amyloid-related pathologies. In the present work, we analyze the effects of CeO2 NPs of different sizes and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios on the fibrillogenesis of insulin, SOD-like enzymatic activity, oxidative stress, biocompatibility, and cell metabolic activity. CeO2 NPs (marked as Ce1–Ce5) with controlled physical–chemical parameters, such as different sizes and various Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios, are synthesized by precipitation in water–alcohol solutions. All synthesized NPs are monodispersed and exhibit good stability in aqueous suspensions. ThT and ANS fluorescence assays and AFM are applied to monitor the insulin amyloid aggregation and antiamyloid aggregation activity of CeO2 NPs. The analyzed Ce1–Ce5 nanoparticles strongly inhibit the formation of insulin amyloid aggregates in vitro. The bioactivity is analyzed using SOD and MTT assays, Western blot, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The antioxidative effects and bioactivity of nanoparticles are size- or valence-dependent. CeO2 NPs show great potential benefits for studying the interplay between oxidative stress and amyloid-related diseases, and can be used for verification of the role of oxidative stress in amyloid-related diseases.
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Marín T, Dulcey AE, Campos F, de la Fuente C, Acuña M, Castro J, Pinto C, Yañez MJ, Cortez C, McGrath DW, Sáez PJ, Gorshkov K, Zheng W, Southall N, Carmo-Fonseca M, Marugán J, Alvarez AR, Zanlungo S. c-Abl Activation Linked to Autophagy-Lysosomal Dysfunction Contributes to Neurological Impairment in Niemann-Pick Type A Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:844297. [PMID: 35399514 PMCID: PMC8985125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type A (NPA) disease is a fatal lysosomal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the deficiency in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. NPA patients present severe and progressive neurodegeneration starting at an early age. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this disease and NPA patients die between 2 and 3 years of age. NPA is characterized by an accumulation of sphingomyelin in lysosomes and dysfunction in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Recent studies show that c-Abl tyrosine kinase activity downregulates autophagy and the lysosomal pathway. Interestingly, this kinase is also activated in other lysosomal neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe that c-Abl activation contributes to the mechanisms of neuronal damage and death in NPA disease. Our data demonstrate that: 1) c-Abl is activated in-vitro as well as in-vivo NPA models; 2) imatinib, a clinical c-Abl inhibitor, reduces autophagy-lysosomal pathway alterations, restores autophagy flux, and lowers sphingomyelin accumulation in NPA patient fibroblasts and NPA neuronal models and 3) chronic treatment with nilotinib and neurotinib, two c-Abl inhibitors with differences in blood-brain barrier penetrance and target binding mode, show further benefits. While nilotinib treatment reduces neuronal death in the cerebellum and improves locomotor functions, neurotinib decreases glial activation, neuronal disorganization, and loss in hippocampus and cortex, as well as the cognitive decline of NPA mice. Our results support the participation of c-Abl signaling in NPA neurodegeneration and autophagy-lysosomal alterations, supporting the potential use of c-Abl inhibitors for the clinical treatment of NPA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Marín
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E. Dulcey
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Fabián Campos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina de la Fuente
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Acuña
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Castro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Pinto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Yañez
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - David W. McGrath
- Cell Communication and Migration Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pablo J. Sáez
- Cell Communication and Migration Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joȧo Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juan Marugán
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan Marugán, ; Alejandra R. Alvarez, ; Silvana Zanlungo,
| | - Alejandra R. Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Juan Marugán, ; Alejandra R. Alvarez, ; Silvana Zanlungo,
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Juan Marugán, ; Alejandra R. Alvarez, ; Silvana Zanlungo,
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Characterization of Cysteine Cathepsin Expression in the Central Nervous System of Aged Wild-Type and Cathepsin-Deficient Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The association of cathepsin proteases in neurobiology is increasingly recognized. Our previous studies indicated that cathepsin-K-deficient (Ctsk−/−) mice have learning and memory impairments. Alterations in cathepsin expression are known to result in compensatory changes in levels of related cathepsins. To gain insight into the therapeutic usefulness of cathepsin inhibitors in aging individuals with osteoporosis or neurodegenerative diseases, we studied for variations in cathepsin expression and activity in aged (18–20 months) versus young (5–7 months) wild-type (WT) and cathepsin-deficient mice brains. There were age-dependent increases in cathepsin B, D, and L and cystatin C protein levels in various brain regions, mainly of WT and Ctsk−/− mice. This corresponded with changes in activity levels of cathepsins B and L, but not cathepsin D. In contrast, very little age-dependent variation was observed in cathepsin-B- and cathepsin-L-deficient mouse brain, especially at the protein level. The observed alterations in cathepsin protein amounts and activity are likely contributing to changes in important aging-related processes such as autophagy. In addition, the results provide insight into the potential impact of cathepsin inhibitor therapy in aged individuals, as well as in long-term use of cathepsin inhibitor therapy.
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31
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Kos J, Mitrović A, Perišić Nanut M, Pišlar A. Lysosomal peptidases – Intriguing roles in cancer progression and neurodegeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:708-738. [PMID: 35067006 PMCID: PMC8972049 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal peptidases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting waste proteins that are targeted to lysosomes via endocytosis and autophagy. Besides intracellular protein catabolism, they play more specific roles in several other cellular processes and pathologies, either within lysosomes, upon secretion into the cell cytoplasm or extracellular space, or bound to the plasma membrane. In cancer, lysosomal peptidases are generally associated with disease progression, as they participate in crucial processes leading to changes in cell morphology, signaling, migration, and invasion, and finally metastasis. However, they can also enhance the mechanisms resulting in cancer regression, such as apoptosis of tumor cells or antitumor immune responses. Lysosomal peptidases have also been identified as hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, playing roles in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal intercellular communication, dysregulated trafficking, and the deposition of protein aggregates in neuronal cells. Furthermore, deficiencies in lysosomal peptidases may result in other pathological states, such as lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of lysosomal peptidases in particular pathological processes of cancer and neurodegeneration and to address the potential of lysosomal peptidases in diagnosing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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32
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Lee SJ, Choi Y, Kim HI, Moon HE, Paek SH, Kim TY, Ko S. Platycodin D inhibits autophagy and increases glioblastoma cell death via LDLR upregulation. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:250-268. [PMID: 33931944 PMCID: PMC8732342 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting autophagy is a promising therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. Here, we screened 30 traditional herbal medicines to identify novel autophagy regulators and found that Platycodon grandiflorus (PG) and platycodin D (PD), a triterpenoid saponin from PG, inhibited autophagy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. Mechanistically, PD prevented lysosomal degradation and the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes by inducing sequestration of free cholesterol in lysosomes. The autophagy inhibitory effect of PD was mimicked by both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), which exports low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol from lysosomes. Moreover, PD promoted the uptake of exogenous LDL cholesterol via upregulation of LDL receptor (LDLR), leading to further accumulation of cholesterol within lysosomes and GBM cell death. Importantly, these phenomena were more pronounced in LDLR-overexpressing GBM cells than in normal astrocytes. Finally, blockade of cholesterol uptake by LDLR knockdown reversed the PD-induced inhibition of autophagy and GBM cell growth. Our study proposes that PD could be a potent anti-GBM drug by disrupting cholesterol trafficking and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Ji Lee
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
- Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic ScienceDaejeonKorea
| | - Yu‐Jeong Choi
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of NeurosurgeryAdvanced Institute of Convergence Technology (AICT)Cancer Research Institute, and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineKorea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of NeurosurgeryAdvanced Institute of Convergence Technology (AICT)Cancer Research Institute, and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineKorea
| | - Tai Young Kim
- Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic ScienceDaejeonKorea
- Department of Preventive MedicineCollege of Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seong‐Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive MedicineCollege of Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
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Tang J, Yang Y, Qu J, Ban W, Song H, Gu Z, Yang Y, Cai L, Theivendran S, Wang Y, Zhang M, Yu C. Mesoporous sodium four-coordinate aluminosilicate nanoparticles modulate dendritic cell pyroptosis and activate innate and adaptive immunity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8507-8517. [PMID: 35974763 PMCID: PMC9337734 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death widely studied in cancer cells for tumour inhibition, but rarely in dendritic cell (DC) activation for vaccine development. Here, we report the synthesis of sodium stabilized mesoporous aluminosilicate nanoparticles as DC pyroptosis modulators and antigen carriers. By surface modification of sodium-stabilized four-coordinate aluminium species on dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the resultant Na-IVAl-DMSN significantly activated DC through caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis via pH responsive intracellular ion exchange. The released proinflammatory cellular contents further mediated DC hyperactivation with prolonged cytokine release. In vivo studies showed that Na-IVAl-DMSN induced enhanced cellular immunity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T cells, and memory T cells as well as humoral immune response. Our results provide a new principle for the design of next-generation nanoadjuvants for vaccine applications. Na-IVAl-DMSN acts as both antigen carriers and modulators to “hyperactivate” dendritic cells (DCs) via potassium (K+) efflux dependent pyroptosis, eventually leading to enhanced adaptive and innate immunity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wenhuang Ban
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhengying Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Larry Cai
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shevanuja Theivendran
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Abstract
In spite of the significant technical and technological progress in neurosurgery and the continuous discoveries by the basic research, adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma remains a significant clinical challenge. Actually, the huge size of the tumor, its multiple cystic components, the encasement of Willis' circle and optic pathways, and the invasion of the hypothalamus often prevent its safe surgical resection. Moreover, the local aggressiveness of the tumor accounts for a high risk of recurrence even after a gross total resection. For these reasons, more and more efforts are being dedicated to enhance the knowledge about AC and improve the tools for its treatment.This paper is dedicated to the most recent advances concerning the AC management. Promising, new insights come for the basic research, thanks to the updates on the role of the WNT-β-catenin pathway (important for the tumor genesis and progression, not yet developed enough for a safe target therapy in children but useful for determining the prognosis) and the inflammatory mediators (widely overexpressed, especially by the cyst of the tumor, and for which target therapies are being developed). Moreover, further factors and pathways are under investigation.Also the development of new treatment strategies accounts for the improvement of the prognosis and the quality of life of AC patients. The enhancement of the experience with the endoscopic techniques (both transsphenoidal and transventricular approaches) actually allows to perform a less invasive but effective surgery that can be coupled with new modalities of radiation therapy aiming at obtaining a reliable control of the disease and protecting the endocrinological, ophthalmological, and neurological functions. A special mention is finally deserved by the techniques specifically designed for the intracystic therapy (as cyst fenestration alone or in combination with administration of radionuclides or bleomycin or interferon-α) that are here analyzed together with the aforementioned advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bianchi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Benato
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Massimi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Cabrera-Reyes F, Parra-Ruiz C, Yuseff MI, Zanlungo S. Alterations in Lysosome Homeostasis in Lipid-Related Disorders: Impact on Metabolic Tissues and Immune Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790568. [PMID: 34957117 PMCID: PMC8703004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-related disorders, which primarily affect metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue and the liver are associated with alterations in lysosome homeostasis. Obesity is one of the more prevalent diseases, which results in energy imbalance within metabolic tissues and lysosome dysfunction. Less frequent diseases include Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and Gaucher diseases, both of which are known as Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs), where lysosomal dysfunction within metabolic tissues remains to be fully characterized. Adipocytes and hepatocytes share common pathways involved in the lysosome-autophagic axis, which are regulated by the function of cathepsins and CD36, an immuno-metabolic receptor and display alterations in lipid diseases, and thereby impacting metabolic functions. In addition to intrinsic defects observed in metabolic tissues, cells of the immune system, such as B cells can infiltrate adipose and liver tissues, during metabolic imbalance favoring inflammation. Moreover, B cells rely on lysosomes to promote the processing and presentation of extracellular antigens and thus could also present lysosome dysfunction, consequently affecting such functions. On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that cells accumulating lipids display defective inter-organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) established by lysosomes and other compartments, which contribute to metabolic dysfunctions at the cellular level. Overall, in this review we will discuss recent findings addressing common mechanisms that are involved in lysosome dysregulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes during obesity, NPC, and Gaucher diseases. We will discuss whether these mechanisms may modulate the function of B cells and how inter-organelle contacts, emerging as relevant cellular mechanisms in the control of lipid homeostasis, have an impact on these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra-Ruiz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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36
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New Insights into the Role of Cysteine Cathepsins in Neuroinflammation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121796. [PMID: 34944440 PMCID: PMC8698589 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by microglia and astrocytes, is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence shows that activated microglia induce the expression and secretion of various lysosomal cathepsins, particularly during the early stage of neuroinflammation. This trigger signaling cascade that aggravate neurodegeneration. To date, most research on neuroinflammation has focused on the role of cysteine cathepsins, the largest cathepsin family. Cysteine cathepsins are primarily responsible for protein degradation in lysosomes; however, they also play a role in regulating a number of other important physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the functional roles of cysteine cathepsins in the central nervous system during neuroinflammation, with an emphasis on their roles in the polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation signaling, which in turn causes neuronal death and thus neurodegeneration.
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Bhuiyan AI, Rathod P, Ghoshal S, Dana D, Das T, Li G, Dickson AA, Rafi F, Subramaniam GS, Fath KR, Paroly S, Chang EJ, Pathak SK. Clickable, selective, and cell-permeable activity-based probe of human cathepsin B - Minimalistic approach for enhanced selectivity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105463. [PMID: 34753058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human cathepsin B is a cysteine-dependent protease whose roles in both normal and diseased cellular states remain yet to be fully delineated. This is primarily due to overlapping substrate specificities and lack of unambiguously annotated physiological functions. In this work, a selective, cell-permeable, clickable and tagless small molecule cathepsin B probe, KDA-1, is developed and kinetically characterized. KDA-1 selectively targets active site Cys25 residue of cathepsin B for labeling and can detect active cellular cathepsin B in proteomes derived from live human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HEK293 cells. It is anticipated that KDA-1 probe will find suitable applications in functional proteomics involving human cathepsin B enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif I Bhuiyan
- Queens College of The City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA; Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pratikkumar Rathod
- Laguardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Sarbani Ghoshal
- Department of Biological Sc. and Geology, QCC-CUNY, Bayside, NY, USA
| | - Dibyendu Dana
- Queens College of The City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Tuhin Das
- Queens College of The City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Guoshen Li
- Queens College of The City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Anna A Dickson
- Queens College of The City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Faiza Rafi
- Bard High School Early College Queens, 30-20 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Gopal S Subramaniam
- Queens College of The City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Karl R Fath
- Queens College of The City University of New York, Department of Biology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Suneeta Paroly
- Bard High School Early College Queens, 30-20 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Emmanuel J Chang
- Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; York College of the City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, NY 11451, USA; Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sanjai K Pathak
- Queens College of The City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Translation Inhibitors Activate Autophagy Master Regulators TFEB and TFE3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112083. [PMID: 34769510 PMCID: PMC8584619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome pathway is a major protein degradation pathway stimulated by multiple cellular stresses, including nutrient or growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, misfolded proteins, damaged organelles, and intracellular pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that transcription factor EB (TFEB) and transcription factor E3 (TFE3) play a pivotal role in the biogenesis and functions of autophagosome and lysosome. Here we report that three translation inhibitors (cycloheximide, lactimidomycin, and rocaglamide A) can facilitate the nuclear translocation of TFEB/TFE3 via dephosphorylation and 14-3-3 dissociation. In addition, the inhibitor-mediated TFEB/TFE3 nuclear translocation significantly increases the transcriptional expression of their downstream genes involved in the biogenesis and function of autophagosome and lysosome. Furthermore, we demonstrated that translation inhibition increased autophagosome biogenesis but impaired the degradative autolysosome formation because of lysosomal dysfunction. These results highlight the previously unrecognized function of the translation inhibitors as activators of TFEB/TFE3, suggesting a novel biological role of translation inhibition in autophagy regulation.
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Fairbrother-Browne A, Ali AT, Reynolds RH, Garcia-Ruiz S, Zhang D, Chen Z, Ryten M, Hodgkinson A. Mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk in the human brain is modulated by cell type and perturbed in neurodegenerative disease. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1262. [PMID: 34737414 PMCID: PMC8569145 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. The mitochondrial genome encodes core respiratory chain proteins, but the vast majority of mitochondrial proteins are nuclear-encoded, making interactions between the two genomes vital for cell function. Here, we examine these relationships by comparing mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression across different regions of the human brain in healthy and disease cohorts. We find strong regional patterns that are modulated by cell-type and reflect functional specialisation. Nuclear genes causally implicated in sporadic Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease (AD) show much stronger relationships with the mitochondrial genome than expected by chance, and mitochondrial-nuclear relationships are highly perturbed in AD cases, particularly through synaptic and lysosomal pathways, potentially implicating the regulation of energy balance and removal of dysfunction mitochondria in the etiology or progression of the disease. Finally, we present MitoNuclearCOEXPlorer, a tool to interrogate key mitochondria-nuclear relationships in multi-dimensional brain data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine Fairbrother-Browne
- Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aminah T Ali
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Regina H Reynolds
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sonia Garcia-Ruiz
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Zhang
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zhongbo Chen
- Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alan Hodgkinson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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40
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Paul D, Mohankumar SK, Thomas RS, Kheng CB, Basavan D. Potential implications of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 blockades on neuroinflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:364-372. [PMID: 34732115 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211103165837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been reported as a portal for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Consequently, scientific strategies to combat coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were targeted to arrest SARS-CoV-2 invasion by blocking ACE2. While blocking ACE2 appears a beneficial approach to treat COVID-19, clinical concerns have been raised primarily due to the various intrinsic roles of ACE2 in neurological functions. Selective reports indicate that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) upregulate ACE2 levels. ACE2 metabolizes angiotensin II and several peptides, including apelin-13, neurotensin, kinetensin, dynorphin, [des-Arg9] bradykinin, and [Lys-des-Arg9]-bradykinin, which may elicit neuroprotective effects. Since ARBs and ACEIs upregulate ACE2, it may be hypothesized that patients with hypertension receiving ARBs and ACEIs may have higher expression of ACE2 and thus be at a greater risk of severe disease from the SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, recent clinical reports indicate the beneficial role of ARBs/ACEIs in reducing COVID-19 severity. Together, this warrants a further study of the effects of ACE2 blockades in hypertensive patients medicated with ARBs/ACEIs, and their consequential impact on neuronal health. However, the associations between their blockade and any neuroinflammation also warrant further research. OBJECTIVE This review collates mechanistic insights into the dichotomous roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 invasion and neurometabolic functions and the possible impact of ACE2 blockade on neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION It has been concluded that ACE2 blockade imposes neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepraj Paul
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rocklands, Ooty, The Nilgiris 643001, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales SA2 8PP. United Kingdom
| | - Rhian S Thomas
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales SA2 8PP. United Kingdom
| | - Chai Boon Kheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei City 11529. Taiwan
| | - Duraiswamy Basavan
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rocklands, Ooty, The Nilgiris 643001, Tamil Nadu. India
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41
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Wang H, Robinson JL, Kocabas P, Gustafsson J, Anton M, Cholley PE, Huang S, Gobom J, Svensson T, Uhlen M, Zetterberg H, Nielsen J. Genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of model animals as a platform for translational research. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102344118. [PMID: 34282017 PMCID: PMC8325244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102344118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are used extensively for analysis of mechanisms underlying human diseases and metabolic malfunctions. However, the lack of comprehensive and high-quality GEMs for model organisms restricts translational utilization of omics data accumulating from the use of various disease models. Here we present a unified platform of GEMs that covers five major model animals, including Mouse1 (Mus musculus), Rat1 (Rattus norvegicus), Zebrafish1 (Danio rerio), Fruitfly1 (Drosophila melanogaster), and Worm1 (Caenorhabditis elegans). These GEMs represent the most comprehensive coverage of the metabolic network by considering both orthology-based pathways and species-specific reactions. All GEMs can be interactively queried via the accompanying web portal Metabolic Atlas. Specifically, through integrative analysis of Mouse1 with RNA-sequencing data from brain tissues of transgenic mice we identified a coordinated up-regulation of lysosomal GM2 ganglioside and peptide degradation pathways which appears to be a signature metabolic alteration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models with a phenotype of amyloid precursor protein overexpression. This metabolic shift was further validated with proteomics data from transgenic mice and cerebrospinal fluid samples from human patients. The elevated lysosomal enzymes thus hold potential to be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of AD. Taken together, we foresee that this evolving open-source platform will serve as an important resource to facilitate the development of systems medicines and translational biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan L Robinson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pinar Kocabas
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mihail Anton
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Etienne Cholley
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 431 30 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas Svensson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Uhlen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Protein Research, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 431 30 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 30 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nonlinear Isotherm and Kinetic Modeling of Cu(II) and Pb(II) Uptake from Water by MnFe2O4/Chitosan Nanoadsorbents. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are in continuous search of better strategies to minimize, if not prevent, the anthropogenic release of toxic heavy metals, such as Cu(II) and Pb(II), into drinking water resources and the natural environment. Herein, we report for the first time the low-temperature combustion synthesis of magnetic chitosan-manganese ferrite in the absence of toxic cross-linking agents and its removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from single-component metal solutions. The nonlinear Langmuir model best described the isotherm data, while the nonlinear pseudo-second order model best described the kinetic data, signifying monolayer Cu(II) or Pb(II) adsorption and chemisorption as the rate-determining step, respectively. Adsorption capacities by magnetic chitosan-manganese ferrite obtained for both metals were consistently higher than those by manganese ferrite, indicating that chitosan enhanced the performance of the magnetic adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacities of magnetic chitosan-manganese ferrite for Cu(II) and Pb(II) were 14.86 and 15.36 mg g−1, while that of manganese ferrite were 2.59 and 13.52 mg g−1, respectively. Moreover, the adsorbents showed superior binding affinity and sorption for Pb(II) than Cu(II) owing to the stronger ability of the former to form inner-sphere complexes with manganese ferrite and magnetic chitosan-manganese ferrite. Finally, thermodynamic studies revealed that the uptake of either Pb(II) or Cu(II) by magnetic chitosan-manganese ferrite was spontaneous and endothermic. The as-prepared adsorbent was characterized for morphology, elemental composition, surface functional sites, and particle size using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering technique, respectively.
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Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cu(II) and Pb(II) Adsorption on Groundwater Treatment Sludge-Derived Manganese Dioxide for Wastewater Treatment Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063050. [PMID: 33809592 PMCID: PMC7999355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment remains a serious environmental and health issue. The recovery of metals from wastes and their use for the abatement of toxic heavy metals from contaminated waters appear to be practical approaches. In this study, manganese was recovered from groundwater treatment sludge via reductive acid leaching and converted into spherical aggregates of high-purity MnO2. The as-synthesized MnO2 was used to adsorb Cu(II) and Pb(II) from single-component metal solutions. High metal uptake of 119.90 mg g-1 for Cu(II) and 177.89 mg g-1 for Pb(II) was attained at initial metal ion concentration, solution pH, and temperature of 200 mg L-1, 5.0, and 25 °C, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium metal adsorption, indicating that a single layer of Cu(II) or Pb(II) was formed on the surface of the MnO2 adsorbent. The pseudo-second-order model adequately fit the Cu(II) and Pb(II) kinetic data confirming that chemisorption was the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic studies revealed that Cu(II) or Pb(II) adsorption onto MnO2 was spontaneous, endothermic, and had increased randomness. Overall, the use of MnO2 prepared from groundwater treatment sludge is an effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable substitute to expensive reagents for toxic metal ion removal from water matrices.
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Marques-Aleixo I, Beleza J, Sampaio A, Stevanović J, Coxito P, Gonçalves I, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Physical Exercise in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:674-693. [PMID: 32159378 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence and incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) tend to increase along with the enhanced average of the world life expectancy. NDDs are a major cause of morbidity and disability, affecting the health care, social and economic systems with a significant impact. Critical Issues and Recent Advances: Despite the worldwide burden of NDDs and the ongoing research efforts to increase the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in NDD pathophysiologies, pharmacological therapies have been presenting merely narrow benefits. On the contrary, absent of detrimental side effects but growing merits, regular physical exercise (PE) has been considered a prone pleiotropic nonpharmacological alternative able to modulate brain structure and function, thereby stimulating a healthier and "fitness" neurological phenotype. Future Directions: This review summarizes the state of the art of some peripheral and central-related mechanisms that underlie the impact of PE on brain plasticity as well as its relevance for the prevention and/or treatment of NDDs. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better clarify the molecular signaling pathways associated with muscle contractions-related myokines release and its plausible positive effects in the brain. In addition, particular focus of research should address the role of PE in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Marques-Aleixo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lusofona University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaldina Sampaio
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jelena Stevanović
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
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Jung YS, Stratton SA, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Jun S, Zhang J, Zheng B, Cervantes CL, Cha JH, Barton MC, Park JI. TMEM9-v-ATPase Activates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Via APC Lysosomal Degradation for Liver Regeneration and Tumorigenesis. Hepatology 2021; 73:776-794. [PMID: 32380568 PMCID: PMC7647947 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS How Wnt signaling is orchestrated in liver regeneration and tumorigenesis remains elusive. Recently, we identified transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) as a Wnt signaling amplifier. APPROACH AND RESULTS TMEM9 facilitates v-ATPase assembly for vesicular acidification and lysosomal protein degradation. TMEM9 is highly expressed in regenerating liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. TMEM9 expression is enriched in the hepatocytes around the central vein and acutely induced by injury. In mice, Tmem9 knockout impairs hepatic regeneration with aberrantly increased adenomatosis polyposis coli (Apc) and reduced Wnt signaling. Mechanistically, TMEM9 down-regulates APC through lysosomal protein degradation through v-ATPase. In HCC, TMEM9 is overexpressed and necessary to maintain β-catenin hyperactivation. TMEM9-up-regulated APC binds to and inhibits nuclear translocation of β-catenin, independent of HCC-associated β-catenin mutations. Pharmacological blockade of TMEM9-v-ATPase or lysosomal degradation suppresses Wnt/β-catenin through APC stabilization and β-catenin cytosolic retention. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TMEM9 hyperactivates Wnt signaling for liver regeneration and tumorigenesis through lysosomal degradation of APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Sang Jung
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX.,Department of Life ScienceChung-Ang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sabrina A Stratton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular CarcinogenesisThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Moon-Jong Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Sohee Jun
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Biyun Zheng
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Christopher L Cervantes
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineInha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular CarcinogenesisThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX.,Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyDivision of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX.,Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX.,Program in Genetics and EpigeneticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
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46
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Stewart CM, Phan A, Bo Y, LeBlond ND, Smith TKT, Laroche G, Giguère PM, Fullerton MD, Pelchat M, Kobasa D, Côté M. Ebola virus triggers receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling to promote the delivery of viral particles to entry-conducive intracellular compartments. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009275. [PMID: 33513206 PMCID: PMC7875390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses, such as the Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are causative agents of sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fevers in humans. To infect cells, filoviruses are internalized via macropinocytosis and traffic through the endosomal pathway where host cathepsin-dependent cleavage of the viral glycoproteins occurs. Subsequently, the cleaved viral glycoprotein interacts with the late endosome/lysosome resident host protein, Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). This interaction is hypothesized to trigger viral and host membrane fusion, which results in the delivery of the viral genome into the cytoplasm and subsequent initiation of replication. Some studies suggest that EBOV viral particles activate signaling cascades and host-trafficking factors to promote their localization with host factors that are essential for entry. However, the mechanism through which these activating signals are initiated remains unknown. By screening a kinase inhibitor library, we found that receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors potently block EBOV and MARV GP-dependent viral entry. Inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tyrosine protein kinase Met (c-Met), and the insulin receptor (InsR)/insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blocked filoviral GP-mediated entry and prevented growth of replicative EBOV in Vero cells. Furthermore, inhibitors of c-Met and InsR/IGF1R also blocked viral entry in macrophages, the primary targets of EBOV infection. Interestingly, while the c-Met and InsR/IGF1R inhibitors interfered with EBOV trafficking to NPC1, virus delivery to the receptor was not impaired in the presence of the EGFR inhibitor. Instead, we observed that the NPC1 positive compartments were phenotypically altered and rendered incompetent to permit viral entry. Despite their different mechanisms of action, all three RTK inhibitors tested inhibited virus-induced Akt activation, providing a possible explanation for how EBOV may activate signaling pathways during entry. In sum, these studies strongly suggest that receptor tyrosine kinases initiate signaling cascades essential for efficient post-internalization entry steps. Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates. They are members of the growing Filoviridae family that also includes three other species of Ebolaviruses known to be highly pathogenic in humans. While vaccines for EBOV are being deployed and showed high efficacy, pan-filoviral treatment is still lacking. To infect cells, EBOV requires the endosomal/lysosomal resident protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Accordingly, viral particles require extensive trafficking within endosomal pathways for entry and delivery of the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm. Here, we used chemical biology to reveal that EBOV triggers receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-dependent signaling to traffic to intracellular vesicles that contain the receptor and are conducive to entry. The characterization of host trafficking factors and signaling pathways that are potentially triggered by the virus are important as these could be targeted for antiviral therapies. In our study, we identified several RTK inhibitors, some of which are FDA-approved drugs, that potently block EBOV infection. Since all filoviruses known to date, even Měnglà virus that was recently discovered in bats in China, use NPC1 as their entry receptor, these inhibitors have the potential to be effective pan-filovirus antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M. Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexandra Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yuxia Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicholas D. LeBlond
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tyler K. T. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geneviève Laroche
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Patrick M. Giguère
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Morgan D. Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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47
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Wani A, Al Rihani SB, Sharma A, Weadick B, Govindarajan R, Khan SU, Sharma PR, Dogra A, Nandi U, Reddy CN, Bharate SS, Singh G, Bharate SB, Vishwakarma RA, Kaddoumi A, Kumar A. Crocetin promotes clearance of amyloid-β by inducing autophagy via the STK11/LKB1-mediated AMPK pathway. Autophagy 2021; 17:3813-3832. [PMID: 33404280 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1872187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is usually accompanied by two prominent pathological features, cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and presence of MAPT/tau neurofibrillary tangles. Dysregulated clearance of Aβ largely contributes to its accumulation and plaque formation in the brain. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process, which plays an important role in the clearance of Aβ. Failure of autophagic clearance of Aβ is currently acknowledged as a contributing factor to increased accumulation of Aβ in AD brains. In this study, we have identified crocetin, a pharmacologically active constituent from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativus, as a potential inducer of autophagy in AD. In the cellular model, crocetin induced autophagy in N9 microglial and primary neuron cells through STK11/LKB1 (serine/threonine kinase 11)-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway activation. Autophagy induction by crocetin significantly increased Aβ clearance in N9 cells. Moreover, crocetin crossed the blood-brain barrier and induced autophagy in the brains' hippocampi of wild-type male C57BL/6 mice. Further studies in transgenic male 5XFAD mice, as a model of AD, revealed that one-month treatment with crocetin significantly reduced Aβ levels and neuroinflammation in the mice brains and improved memory function by inducing autophagy that was mediated by AMPK pathway activation. Our findings support further development of crocetin as a pharmacological inducer of autophagy to prevent, slow down progression, and/or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Wani
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sweilem B Al Rihani
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Brenna Weadick
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sameer U Khan
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Parduman R Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Ashish Dogra
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Chilakala N Reddy
- Preformulation Laboratory, PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Preformulation Laboratory, PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
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48
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Abstract
Proteases comprise a variety of enzymes defined by their ability to catalytically hydrolyze the peptide bonds of other proteins, resulting in protein lysis. Cathepsins, specifically, encompass a class of at least twenty proteases with potent endopeptidase activity. They are located subcellularly in lysosomes, organelles responsible for the cell’s degradative and autophagic processes, and are vital for normal lysosomal function. Although cathepsins are involved in a multitude of cell signaling activities, this chapter will focus on the role of cathepsins (with a special emphasis on Cathepsin B) in neuronal plasticity. We will broadly define what is known about regulation of cathepsins in the central nervous system and compare this with their dysregulation after injury or disease. Importantly, we will delineate what is currently known about the role of cathepsins in axon regeneration and plasticity after spinal cord injury. It is well established that normal cathepsin activity is integral to the function of lysosomes. Without normal lysosomal function, autophagy and other homeostatic cellular processes become dysregulated resulting in axon dystrophy. Furthermore, controlled activation of cathepsins at specialized neuronal structures such as axonal growth cones and dendritic spines have been positively implicated in their plasticity. This chapter will end with a perspective on the consequences of cathepsin dysregulation versus controlled, localized regulation to clarify how cathepsins can contribute to both neuronal plasticity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Phuong Tran
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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49
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Lebron YAR, Moreira VR, de Souza Santos LV. Biosorption of methylene blue and eriochrome black T onto the brown macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:279-297. [PMID: 31154956 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1626914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study had the objective to investigate the equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamic viability and system optimization of methylene blue (MB) and eriochrome black T (ET) biosorption onto Fucus vesiculosus (F. vesiculosus). A comprehensive bioadsorbent characterization was carried out. The infrared spectra suggested a physical biosorption mechanism that was later proven by the enthalpy change and the isotherms models. Furthermore, the process was best described by Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models, indicating the monolayer formation and the linear reduction of the heat of biosorption with the coverage degree. F. vesiculosus presented a maximum biosorption capacity of 698.477 mg·g-1 for MB, and 24.306 mg·g-1 for ET. Regarding kinetics, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best fitted model. In addition, the film diffusion was confirmed as the process limiting step. The model's optimization was achieved in order to maximize the removal efficiency, corresponding to 99.28% for MB and 99.44% for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Chemical Engineering Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Moreira
- Chemical Engineering Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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50
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Masre SF, Jufri NF, Ibrahim FW, Abdul Raub SH. Classical and alternative receptors for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic strategy. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:1-9. [PMID: 33368788 PMCID: PMC7883063 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecules that are essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) entry can provide insights into viral infection and dissemination. Recently, it has been identified from several studies that angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 are the main entry molecules for the SARS‐CoV‐2, which produced the pandemic of Covid‐19. However, additional evidence showed several other viral receptors and cellular proteases that are also important in facilitating viral entry and transmission in the target cells. In this review, we summarized the types of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry molecules and discussed their crucial roles for virus binding, protein priming and fusion to the cellular membrane important for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Fathiah Masre
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Jufri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farah Wahida Ibrahim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sayyidi Hamzi Abdul Raub
- Pantai Premier Pathology SDN BHD, Reference Specialised Laboratory, Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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