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D'Antoni S, Spatuzza M, Bonaccorso CM, Catania MV. Role of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 in the pathophysiology of brain disorders: a glia perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105731. [PMID: 38763180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP) is a widely expressed RNA binding protein involved in several steps of mRNA metabolism. Mutations in the FMR1 gene encoding FMRP are responsible for fragile X syndrome (FXS), a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, and fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a neurodegenerative disorder in aging men. Although FMRP is mainly expressed in neurons, it is also present in glial cells and its deficiency or altered expression can affect functions of glial cells with implications for the pathophysiology of brain disorders. The present review focuses on recent advances on the role of glial subtypes, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia, in the pathophysiology of FXS and FXTAS, and describes how the absence or reduced expression of FMRP in these cells can impact on glial and neuronal functions. We will also briefly address the role of FMRP in radial glial cells and its effects on neural development, and gliomas and will speculate on the role of glial FMRP in other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D'Antoni
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - M Spatuzza
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - C M Bonaccorso
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, Troina 94018, Italy
| | - M V Catania
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy.
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2
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Menteşe Babayiğit T, Gümüş-Akay G, Uytun MÇ, Doğan Ö, Serdar MA, Efendi GY, Erman AG, Yürümez E, Öztop DB. Investigation of Liver X Receptor Gene Variants and Oxysterol Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:551. [PMID: 38790546 PMCID: PMC11120122 DOI: 10.3390/children11050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The NR1H2 gene produces the Liver X Receptor Beta (LXRB) protein, which is crucial for brain cholesterol metabolism and neuronal development. However, its involvement in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains largely unexplored, aside from animal studies. This study is the first to explore the potential link between autism and rs2695121/rs17373080 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory regions of NR1H2, known for their association with neuropsychiatric functions. Additionally, we assessed levels of oxysterols (24-Hydroxycholesterol, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, 27-Hydroxycholesterol), crucial ligands of LXR, and lipid profiles. Our cohort comprised 107 children with ASD and 103 healthy children aged 2-18 years. Clinical assessment tools included the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Autistic Behavior Checklist, and Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. Genotyping for SNPs was conducted using PCR-RFLP. Lipid profiles were analyzed with Beckman Coulter kits, while oxysterol levels were determined through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Significantly higher total cholesterol (p = 0.003), LDL (p = 0.008), and triglyceride (p < 0.001) levels were observed in the ASD group. 27-Hydroxycholesterol levels were markedly lower in the ASD group (p ≤ 0.001). ROC analysis indicated the potential of 27-Hydroxycholesterol to discriminate ASD diagnosis. The SNP genotype and allele frequencies were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that disturbances in oxysterol metabolism, previously linked to neurodegeneration, may constitute a risk factor for ASD and contribute to its heterogeneous phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Menteşe Babayiğit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aksaray University School of Medicine Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray 68100, Turkey
| | - Güvem Gümüş-Akay
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
- Brain Research Center (AUBAUM), Ankara University, Ankara 06340, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Merve Çikili Uytun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (M.Ç.U.); (E.Y.); (D.B.Ö.)
| | - Özlem Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
| | - Muhittin A. Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acıbadem University School of Medicine, Ankara 06460, Turkey;
| | - Gökçe Yağmur Efendi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
| | - Ayşe Gökçe Erman
- Department of Basic Biotechnology, Ankara University Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara 06135, Turkey;
| | - Esra Yürümez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (M.Ç.U.); (E.Y.); (D.B.Ö.)
| | - Didem Behice Öztop
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (M.Ç.U.); (E.Y.); (D.B.Ö.)
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Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S. Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 38545782 PMCID: PMC11342562 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.
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Benachenhou S, Laroui A, Dionne O, Rojas D, Toupin A, Çaku A. Cholesterol alterations in fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 173:115-139. [PMID: 37993175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of etiologically diverse diseases primarily associated with abnormal brain development, impaired cognition, and various behavioral problems. The majority of NDDs present a wide range of clinical phenotypes while sharing distinct cellular and biochemical alterations. Low plasma cholesterol levels have been reported in a subset of NNDs including, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS). The present review focuses on cholesterol metabolism and discusses the current evidence of lipid disruption in ASD, FXS, and other genetically related NDDs. The characterization of these common deficits might provide valuable insights into their underlying physiopathology and help identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérine Benachenhou
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Asma Laroui
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Dionne
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Rojas
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Toupin
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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5
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Ren B, Burkovetskaya M, Jung Y, Bergdolt L, Totusek S, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Stauch K, Korade Z, Dunaevsky A. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism, aberrant excitability and altered cell cycle of astrocytes in fragile X syndrome. Glia 2023; 71:1176-1196. [PMID: 36594399 PMCID: PMC10023374 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent heritable form of intellectual disability, is caused by the transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene. While neuronal contribution to FXS has been extensively studied in both animal and human-based models of FXS, the roles of astrocytes, a type of glial cells in the brain, are largely unknown. Here, we generated a human-based FXS model via differentiation of astrocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and characterized their development, function, and proteomic profiles. We identified shortened cell cycle, enhanced Ca2+ signaling, impaired sterol biosynthesis, and pervasive alterations in the proteome of FXS astrocytes. Our work identified astrocytic impairments that could contribute to the pathogenesis of FXS and highlight astrocytes as a novel therapeutic target for FXS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Maria Burkovetskaya
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yoosun Jung
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lara Bergdolt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Steven Totusek
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MIND Institute, and Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at UC Davis School of Medicine, and Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kelly Stauch
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, CHRI, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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6
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Luo L, Yang L, Zhang K, Zhou SM, Wang Y, Yang LK, Feng B, Liu SB, Wu YM, Zhao MG, Yang Q. Caveolin-1-Mediated Cholesterol Accumulation Contributes to Exaggerated mGluR-Dependent Long-Term Depression and Impaired Cognition in Fmr1 Knockout Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3379-3395. [PMID: 36854997 PMCID: PMC10122623 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is one of the most common inherited mental retardation diseases and is caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) expression. The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) theory of FXS states that enhanced mGluR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) due to FMRP loss is involved in aberrant synaptic plasticity and autistic-like behaviors, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Here, we found that only hippocampal mGluR-LTD was exaggerated in adolescent Fmr1 KO mice, while N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-LTD was intact in mice of all ages. This development-dependent alteration was related to the differential expression of caveolin-1 (Cav1), which is essential for caveolae formation. Knockdown of Cav1 restored the enhanced mGluR-LTD in Fmr1 KO mice. Moreover, hippocampal Cav1 expression in Fmr1 KO mice induced excessive endocytosis of the α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor subunit GluA2. This process relied on mGluR1/5 activation rather than NMDAR. Interference with Cav1 expression reversed these changes. Furthermore, massive cholesterol accumulation contributed to redundant caveolae formation, which provided the platform for mGluR-triggered Cav1 coupling to GluA2. Importantly, injection of the cholesterol scavenger methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) recovered AMPA receptor trafficking and markedly alleviated hyperactivity, hippocampus-dependent fear memory, and spatial memory defects in Fmr1 KO mice. Together, our findings elucidate the important role of Cav1 in mediating mGluR-LTD enhancement and further inducing AMPA receptor endocytosis and suggest that cholesterol depletion by Mβ-CD during caveolae formation may be a novel and safe strategy to treat FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Shi-Meng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, Fourth Military Medical University, No.986 Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Liu-Kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Kurosaki T, Mitsutomi S, Hewko A, Akimitsu N, Maquat LE. Integrative omics indicate FMRP sequesters mRNA from translation and deadenylation in human neuronal cells. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4564-4581.e11. [PMID: 36356584 PMCID: PMC9753132 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
How fragile X syndrome protein (FMRP) binds mRNAs and regulates mRNA metabolism remains unclear. Our previous work using human neuronal cells focused on mRNAs targeted for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which we showed are generally bound by FMRP and destabilized upon FMRP loss. Here, we identify >400 high-confidence FMRP-bound mRNAs, only ∼35% of which are NMD targets. Integrative transcriptomics together with SILAC-LC-MS/MS reveal that FMRP loss generally results in mRNA destabilization and more protein produced per FMRP target. We use our established RIP-seq technology to show that FMRP footprints are independent of protein-coding potential, target GC-rich and structured sequences, and are densest in 5' UTRs. Regardless of where within an mRNA FMRP binds, we find that FMRP protects mRNAs from deadenylation and directly binds the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein. Our results reveal how FMRP sequesters polyadenylated mRNAs into stabilized and translationally repressed complexes, whose regulation is critical for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Kurosaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Shuhei Mitsutomi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Alexander Hewko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nobuyoshi Akimitsu
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Lynne E Maquat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Abolghasemi A, Carullo MP, Aguilera EC, Laroui A, Plantefeve R, Rojas D, Benachenhou S, Ramírez MV, Proteau-Lemieux M, Lepage JF, Corbin F, Plourde M, Farez M, Cogram P, Çaku A. Alteration of Fatty Acid Profile in Fragile X Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810815. [PMID: 36142726 PMCID: PMC9502195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent monogenic cause of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Despite a common genetic etiology, the affected individuals display heterogenous metabolic abnormalities including hypocholesterolemia. Although changes in the metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) have been reported in various neuropsychiatric disorders, it has not been explored in humans with FXS. In this study, we investigated the FA profiles of two different groups: (1) an Argentinian group, including FXS individuals and age- and sex-matched controls, and (2) a French-Canadian group, including FXS individuals and their age- and sex-matched controls. Since phospholipid FAs are an indicator of medium-term diet and endogenous metabolism, we quantified the FA profile in plasma phospholipids using gas chromatography. Our results showed significantly lower levels in various plasma FAs including saturated, monosaturated, ω-6 polyunsaturated, and ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs in FXS individuals compared to the controls. A decrease in the EPA/ALA (eicosapentaenoic acid/alpha linoleic acid) ratio and an increase in the DPA/EPA (docosapentaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid) ratio suggest an alteration associated with desaturase and elongase activity, respectively. We conclude that FXS individuals present an abnormal profile of FAs, specifically FAs belonging to the ω-3 family, that might open new avenues of treatment to improve core symptoms of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Abolghasemi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Maria Paulina Carullo
- Department of Child Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Ester Cisneros Aguilera
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Departments of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Asma Laroui
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Rosalie Plantefeve
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Daniela Rojas
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Serine Benachenhou
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - María Victoria Ramírez
- Department of Child Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Mélodie Proteau-Lemieux
- Department of Pediatrics and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lepage
- Department of Pediatrics and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - François Corbin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Departments of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Mauricio Farez
- Department of Child Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Patricia Cogram
- Biomedicine Division, Centre for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Santiago 7500588, Chile
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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9
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Laroui A, Galarneau L, Abolghasemi A, Benachenhou S, Plantefève R, Bouchouirab FZ, Lepage JF, Corbin F, Çaku A. Clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Fragile X Syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15386. [PMID: 36100610 PMCID: PMC9470743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasma matrix metalloproteases-9 (MMP-9) levels have been reported in Fragile X Syndrome in a limited number of animal and human studies. Since the results obtained are method-dependent and not directly comparable, the clinical utility of MMP-9 measurement in FXS remains unclear. This study aimed to compare quantitative gel zymography and ELISA and to determine which method better discriminates abnormal MMP-9 levels of individuals with FXS from healthy controls and correlates with the clinical profile. The active and total forms of MMP-9 were quantified respectively, by gel zymography and ELISA in a cohort of FXS (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 20). The clinical profile was assessed for the FXS group using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist FXS adapted version (ABC-CFX), Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS), Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), and Anxiety Depression and Mood Scale questionnaires. Method comparison showed a disagreement between gel zymography and ELISA with a constant error of − 0.18 [95% CI: − 0.35 to − 0.02] and a proportional error of 2.31 [95% CI: 1.53 to 3.24]. Plasma level of MMP-9 active form was significantly higher in FXS (n = 12) as compared to their age-sex and BMI matched controls (n = 12) (p = 0.039) and correlated with ABC-CFX (rs = 0.60; p = 0.039) and ADAMS (rs = 0.57; p = 0.043) scores. As compared to the plasma total form, the plasma MMP-9 active form better enables the discrimination of individuals with FXS from controls and correlates with the clinical profile. Our results highlight the importance of choosing the appropriate method to quantify plasma MMP-9 in future FXS clinical studies.
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10
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Westmark CJ, Filon MJ, Maina P, Steinberg LI, Ikonomidou C, Westmark PR. Effects of Soy-Based Infant Formula on Weight Gain and Neurodevelopment in an Autism Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:1350. [PMID: 35456030 PMCID: PMC9025435 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice fed soy-based diets exhibit increased weight gain compared to mice fed casein-based diets, and the effects are more pronounced in a model of fragile X syndrome (FXS; Fmr1KO). FXS is a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by intellectual impairment, seizures, autistic behavior, anxiety, and obesity. Here, we analyzed body weight as a function of mouse age, diet, and genotype to determine the effect of diet (soy, casein, and grain-based) on weight gain. We also assessed plasma protein biomarker expression and behavior in response to diet. Juvenile Fmr1KO mice fed a soy protein-based rodent chow throughout gestation and postnatal development exhibit increased weight gain compared to mice fed a casein-based purified ingredient diet or grain-based, low phytoestrogen chow. Adolescent and adult Fmr1KO mice fed a soy-based infant formula diet exhibited increased weight gain compared to reference diets. Increased body mass was due to increased lean mass. Wild-type male mice fed soy-based infant formula exhibited increased learning in a passive avoidance paradigm, and Fmr1KO male mice had a deficit in nest building. Thus, at the systems level, consumption of soy-based diets increases weight gain and affects behavior. At the molecular level, a soy-based infant formula diet was associated with altered expression of numerous plasma proteins, including the adipose hormone leptin and the β-amyloid degrading enzyme neprilysin. In conclusion, single-source, soy-based diets may contribute to the development of obesity and the exacerbation of neurological phenotypes in developmental disabilities, such as FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J. Westmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (P.M.); (L.I.S.); (C.I.); (P.R.W.)
- Molecular Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mikolaj J. Filon
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (P.M.); (L.I.S.); (C.I.); (P.R.W.)
- Undergraduate Research Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patricia Maina
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (P.M.); (L.I.S.); (C.I.); (P.R.W.)
- Molecular Environmental Toxicology Summer Research Opportunities Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lauren I. Steinberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (P.M.); (L.I.S.); (C.I.); (P.R.W.)
- Undergraduate Research Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (P.M.); (L.I.S.); (C.I.); (P.R.W.)
| | - Pamela R. Westmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (P.M.); (L.I.S.); (C.I.); (P.R.W.)
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11
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Gruber N, Haham LM, Raanani H, Cohen Y, Gabis L, Berkenstadt M, Ries-Levavi L, Elizur S, Pinhas-Hamiel O. Female fragile X premutation carriers are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome from early adulthood. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1010-1018. [PMID: 35086765 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Women with primary ovarian insufficiency exhibit an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile. A common cause for primary ovarian insufficiency is fragile X premutation (FXPC), and data on the cardiovascular risk factors in women with FXPC are scarce. We aimed to assess the prevalences of abnormal metabolic components among FXPC. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical, anthropometric and laboratory data were collected from 71 women with FXPC and compared to 78 women referred for counseling in an in-vitro fertilization clinic (control group). The mean ± SD ages of the FXPC and control groups were 33.5 ± 5.6 and 36.2 ± 5.3 years, respectively (p = 0.003). In a logistic regression analysis, the FXPC group had increased risks for hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, central obesity and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, of 21.8-fold (95% CI 2.7-175, p = 0.004), 6.9-fold (95% CI 2.5-18.7, p < 0.0001), 3.1-fold (95% CI 1.4-6.9, p = 0.005) and 2.4-fold (95% CI 1.1-5.2, p = 0.03), compared to the control group. The FXPC group had 2.7-fold higher prevalence of two abnormal metabolic components; 19% met the full criteria of MetS, compared to 3% of the control group. Neither CGG repeats nor ovarian reserve markers were associated with metabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS Carriers of fragile X premutation are at increased metabolic risk from early adulthood; waist circumference, glucose and lipid levels are particularly elevated. We recommend metabolic screening for all women with FMR1 premutation, to enable early interventions for prevention of long-term cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Gruber
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Hila Raanani
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; IVF Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; IVF Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - LidiaV Gabis
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Child Development Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Berkenstadt
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liat Ries-Levavi
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shai Elizur
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; IVF Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Brain Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway Is Altered in a Preclinical Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063408. [PMID: 35328827 PMCID: PMC8955806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form of inherited X-linked pathology, associated with an intellectual and developmental disability, and currently considered the first monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Low levels of total cholesterol reported in the serum of FXS patients, and evidence that FMRP targets a subset of mRNAs encoding proteins of lipid synthesis and transport suggests that the cholesterol metabolism impairments could be involved in FXS. Thus, the aim of the presented work was to investigate the modulations of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and its end-products in a recently developed Fmr1-Δexon 8 rat model of FXS. Here, we show that this experimental model mimics what is found in FXS patients, exhibiting a lower serum cholesterol content, accompanied by a reduction in food intake and body weight compared to WT animals. Moreover, alterations of proteins committed to cholesterol synthesis and uptake have been observed in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Interestingly, the end-products show a brain region-dependent modulation in Fmr1-Δexon 8 rats. Overall, our results demonstrate that the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is altered in some brain regions of this preclinical model of FXS. This finding has relevance for future studies to delve deeper into the involvement of this metabolic process in FXS, and thus its possible role as a therapeutic target.
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13
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Manigandan S, Yun JW. Loss of cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) induces browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via repression of GABA-BR and activation of mTORC1. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:863-877. [PMID: 35233844 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders are epidemic diseases. Promoting thermogenesis and a functional increase in the browning of white adipocytes may counteract obesity. On the other hand, the molecular mechanism that regulates brown and beige fat-mediated thermogenesis is unclear. This article reports a molecular network led by cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) that negatively regulates adipocyte browning in white adipocytes. Although the function of CYFIP2 in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and autism have been reported, its physiological roles in adipocytes remain elusive. Therefore, this study examined the physiological consequences of its deprivation in cultured 3T3-L1 white adipocytes using loss-of-function studies. Combined real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis showed that the loss of CYFIP2 induces fat browning, as evidenced by the gene and protein expression levels of the brown fat-associated markers. A deficiency of CYFIP2 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and significantly enhanced the expression of the core set beige fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmem26) and proteins (PGC-1α, PRDM16, and UCP1). In addition, a CYFIP2 deficiency promoted lipid catabolism and suppressed adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and autophagy. A mechanistic study showed that the loss of CYFIP2 induces browning in white adipocytes, independently via the activation of mTORC1 and suppression of the GABA-BR signaling pathway. The present data revealed a previously unidentified mechanism of CYFIP2 in the browning of white adipocytes and emphasized the potential of CYFIP2 as a pharmacotherapeutic target for treating obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Manigandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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14
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Toupin A, Benachenhou S, Abolghasemi A, Laroui A, Galarneau L, Fülöp T, Corbin F, Çaku A. Association of lipid rafts cholesterol with clinical profile in fragile X syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2936. [PMID: 35190617 PMCID: PMC8861159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Affected individuals have a high prevalence of hypocholesterolemia, however, the underlying mechanisms and the clinical significance remains unknown. We hypothesized that decrease in the plasma cholesterol levels is associated with an alteration of cholesterol content within the lipid rafts (LRs) which ultimately affects the clinical profile of FXS individuals. The platelets LRs were isolated by ultracentrifugation on sucrose gradient from 27 FXS and 25 healthy controls, followed by measurements of proteins, cholesterol, and gangliosides content. Autistic and adaptive behaviour of affected individuals were respectively assessed by the Social Communication Questionnaire and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System. Our results suggest a decrease in the cholesterol content of LRs in FXS individuals as compared to controls. As opposed to controls, LR cholesterol was significantly associated with plasma total cholesterol (r = 0.47; p = 0.042) in the FXS group. Furthermore, the correlation between LRs cholesterol and the clinical profile showed a significant association with autistic traits (r = - 0.67; p < 0.001) and adaptative behavior (r = 0.70; p < 0.001). These results support the clinical significance of LR cholesterol alterations in FXS. Further studies are warranted to investigate the implication of LRs in FXS pathophysiology and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Toupin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sérine Benachenhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Armita Abolghasemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Asma Laroui
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Galarneau
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Thamàs Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - François Corbin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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15
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Vallés AS, Barrantes FJ. Dysregulation of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Cholesterol Crosstalk in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:744597. [PMID: 34803605 PMCID: PMC8604044 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.744597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of complex neurodevelopmental diseases that include impaired social interaction, delayed and disordered language, repetitive or stereotypic behavior, restricted range of interests, and altered sensory processing. The underlying causes of the core symptoms remain unclear, as are the factors that trigger their onset. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of the clinical phenotypes, a constellation of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and immunological factors may be involved. The lack of appropriate biomarkers for the evaluation of neurodevelopmental disorders makes it difficult to assess the contribution of early alterations in neurochemical processes and neuroanatomical and neurodevelopmental factors to ASD. Abnormalities in the cholinergic system in various regions of the brain and cerebellum are observed in ASD, and recently altered cholesterol metabolism has been implicated at the initial stages of the disease. Given the multiple effects of the neutral lipid cholesterol on the paradigm rapid ligand-gated ion channel, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, we explore in this review the possibility that the dysregulation of nicotinic receptor-cholesterol crosstalk plays a role in some of the neurological alterations observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofía Vallés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (UNS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), UCA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Sterol and lipid analyses identifies hypolipidemia and apolipoprotein disorders in autism associated with adaptive functioning deficits. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:471. [PMID: 34504056 PMCID: PMC8429516 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of sterol and lipid abnormalities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could lead to personalized treatment approaches. Toward this end, in blood, we identified reduced synthesis of cholesterol in families with ≥2 children with ASD participating with the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE), as well as reduced amounts of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB), with 19.9% of the subjects presenting with apolipoprotein patterns similar to hypolipidemic clinical syndromes and 30% with either or both ApoA1 and ApoB less than the fifth centile. Subjects with levels less than the fifth centile of HDL or ApoA1 or ApoA1 + ApoB had lower adaptive functioning than other individuals with ASD, and hypocholesterolemic subjects had apolipoprotein deficits significantly divergent from either typically developing individuals participating in National Institutes of Health or the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III.
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17
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Dionne O, Corbin F. A new strategy to uncover fragile X proteomic biomarkers using the nascent proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Sci Rep 2021; 11:15148. [PMID: 34312401 PMCID: PMC8313568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent inherited cause of intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders. FXS result from the loss of expression of the FMRP protein, an RNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of key synaptic effectors. FXS is also characterized by a wide array of behavioural, cognitive and metabolic impairments. The severity and penetrance of those comorbidities are extremely variable, meaning that a considerable phenotypic heterogeneity is found among fragile X individuals. Unfortunately, clinicians currently have no tools at their disposal to assay a patient prognosis upon diagnosis. Since the absence of FMRP was repeatedly associated with an aberrant protein synthesis, we decided to study the nascent proteome in order to screen for potential proteomic biomarkers of FXS. We used a BONCAT (Biorthogonal Non-canonical Amino Acids Tagging) method coupled to label-free mass spectrometry to purify and quantify nascent proteins of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 7 fragile X male patients and 7 age-matched controls. The proteomic analysis identified several proteins which were either up or downregulated in PBMCs from FXS individuals. Eleven of those proteins were considered as potential biomarkers, of which 5 were further validated by Western blot. The gene ontology enrichment analysis highlighted molecular pathways that may contribute to FXS physiopathology. Our results suggest that the nascent proteome of PBMCs is well suited for the discovery of FXS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dionne
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - François Corbin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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18
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Dionne O, Corbin F. An "Omic" Overview of Fragile X Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:433. [PMID: 34068266 PMCID: PMC8153138 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a wide range of cognitive, behavioral and medical problems. It arises from the silencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and, consequently, in the absence of its encoded protein, FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein). FMRP is a ubiquitously expressed and multifunctional RNA-binding protein, primarily considered as a translational regulator. Pre-clinical studies of the past two decades have therefore focused on this function to relate FMRP's absence to the molecular mechanisms underlying FXS physiopathology. Based on these data, successful pharmacological strategies were developed to rescue fragile X phenotype in animal models. Unfortunately, these results did not translate into humans as clinical trials using same therapeutic approaches did not reach the expected outcomes. These failures highlight the need to put into perspective the different functions of FMRP in order to get a more comprehensive understanding of FXS pathophysiology. This work presents a review of FMRP's involvement on noteworthy molecular mechanisms that may ultimately contribute to various biochemical alterations composing the fragile X phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dionne
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada;
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19
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Malecki C, Hambly BD, Jeremy RW, Robertson EN. The RNA-binding fragile-X mental retardation protein and its role beyond the brain. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:903-916. [PMID: 32654068 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that variations of a CGG repeat expansion in the gene FMR1, which encodes the fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP), cause the neurocognitive disorder, fragile-X syndrome (FXS). However, multiple observations suggest a general and complex regulatory role of FMRP in processes outside the brain: (1) FMRP is ubiquitously expressed in the body, suggesting it functions in multiple organ systems; (2) patients with FXS can exhibit a physical phenotype that is consistent with an underlying abnormality in connective tissue; (3) different CGG repeat expansion lengths in FMR1 result in different clinical outcomes due to different pathogenic mechanisms; (4) the function of FMRP as an RNA-binding protein suggests it has a general regulatory role. This review details the complex nature of FMRP and the different CGG repeat expansion lengths and the evidence supporting the essential role of the protein in a variety of biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Malecki
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Richmond W Jeremy
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth N Robertson
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Van Dijck A, Barbosa S, Bermudez-Martin P, Khalfallah O, Gilet C, Martinuzzi E, Elinck E, Kooy RF, Glaichenhaus N, Davidovic L. Reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines in fragile X syndrome. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:138. [PMID: 32295518 PMCID: PMC7161166 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent cause of inherited intellectual disability and the most commonly identified monogenic cause of autism. Recent studies have shown that long-term pathological consequences of FXS are not solely confined to the central nervous system (CNS) but rather extend to other physiological dysfunctions in peripheral organs. To gain insights into possible immune dysfunctions in FXS, we profiled a large panel of immune-related biomarkers in the serum of FXS patients and healthy controls. Methods We have used a sensitive and robust Electro Chemi Luminescence (ECL)-based immunoassay to measure the levels of 52 cytokines in the serum of n = 25 FXS patients and n = 29 healthy controls. We then used univariate statistics and multivariate analysis, as well as an advanced unsupervised clustering method, to identify combinations of immune-related biomarkers that could discriminate FXS patients from healthy individuals. Results While the majority of the tested cytokines were present at similar levels in FXS patients and healthy individuals, nine chemokines, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL26 and CXCL10, were present at much lower levels in FXS patients. Using robust regression, we show that six of these biomarkers (CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CCL22, CCL26 and CXCL10) were negatively associated with FXS diagnosis. Finally, applying the K-sparse unsupervised clustering method to the biomarker dataset allowed for the identification of two subsets of individuals, which essentially matched the FXS and healthy control categories. Conclusions Our data show that FXS patients exhibit reduced serum levels of several chemokines and may therefore exhibit impaired immune responses. The present study also highlights the power of unsupervised clustering methods to identify combinations of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Van Dijck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Susana Barbosa
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Patricia Bermudez-Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Olfa Khalfallah
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Cyprien Gilet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Informatique Signaux et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Emanuela Martinuzzi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Ellen Elinck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.
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21
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Ben Djoudi Ouadda A, Gauthier MS, Susan-Resiga D, Girard E, Essalmani R, Black M, Marcinkiewicz J, Forget D, Hamelin J, Evagelidis A, Ly K, Day R, Galarneau L, Corbin F, Coulombe B, Çaku A, Tagliabracci VS, Seidah NG. Ser-Phosphorylation of PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin 9) by Fam20C (Family With Sequence Similarity 20, Member C) Kinase Enhances Its Ability to Degrade the LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1996-2013. [PMID: 31553664 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin 9) enhances the degradation of the LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) in endosomes/lysosomes. This study aimed to determine the sites of PCSK9 phosphorylation at Ser-residues and the consequences of such posttranslational modification on the secretion and activity of PCSK9 on the LDLR. Approach and Results: Fam20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) phosphorylates serines in secretory proteins containing the motif S-X-E/phospho-Ser, including the cholesterol-regulating PCSK9. In situ hybridization of Fam20C mRNA during development and in adult mice revealed a wide tissue distribution, including liver, but not small intestine. Here, we show that Fam20C phosphorylates PCSK9 at Serines 47, 666, 668, and 688. In hepatocytes, phosphorylation enhances PCSK9 secretion and maximizes its induced degradation of the LDLR via the extracellular and intracellular pathways. Replacing any of the 4 Ser by the phosphomimetic Glu or Asp enhanced PCSK9 activity only when the other sites are phosphorylated, whereas Ala substitutions reduced it, as evidenced by Western blotting, Elisa, and LDLR-immunolabeling. This newly uncovered PCSK9/LDLR regulation mechanism refines our understanding of the implication of global PCSK9 phosphorylation in the modulation of LDL-cholesterol and rationalizes the consequence of natural mutations, for example, S668R and E670G. Finally, the relationship of Ser-phosphorylation to the implication of PCSK9 in regulating LDL-cholesterol in the neurological Fragile X-syndrome disorder was investigated. CONCLUSIONS Ser-phosphorylation of PCSK9 maximizes both its secretion and activity on the LDLR. Mass spectrometric approaches to measure such modifications were developed and applied to quantify the levels of bioactive PCSK9 in human plasma under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ben Djoudi Ouadda
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM; affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (A.B.D.O., D.S.-R., E.G., R.E., J.M., J.H., A.E., N.G.S.)
| | - Marie-Soleil Gauthier
- Translational Proteomics Research Unit, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal (IRCM, affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (M.-S.G., D.F., B.C.)
| | - Delia Susan-Resiga
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM; affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (A.B.D.O., D.S.-R., E.G., R.E., J.M., J.H., A.E., N.G.S.)
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM; affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (A.B.D.O., D.S.-R., E.G., R.E., J.M., J.H., A.E., N.G.S.)
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM; affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (A.B.D.O., D.S.-R., E.G., R.E., J.M., J.H., A.E., N.G.S.)
| | - Miles Black
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.B., V.S.T.)
| | - Jadwiga Marcinkiewicz
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM; affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (A.B.D.O., D.S.-R., E.G., R.E., J.M., J.H., A.E., N.G.S.)
| | - Diane Forget
- Translational Proteomics Research Unit, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal (IRCM, affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (M.-S.G., D.F., B.C.)
| | - Josée Hamelin
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM; affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (A.B.D.O., D.S.-R., E.G., R.E., J.M., J.H., A.E., N.G.S.)
| | - Alexandra Evagelidis
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM; affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (A.B.D.O., D.S.-R., E.G., R.E., J.M., J.H., A.E., N.G.S.)
| | - Kevin Ly
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (K.L., R.D.)
| | - Robert Day
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (K.L., R.D.)
| | - Luc Galarneau
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, QC, Canada (L.G., F.C., A.Ç.)
| | - Francois Corbin
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, QC, Canada (L.G., F.C., A.Ç.)
| | - Benoit Coulombe
- Translational Proteomics Research Unit, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal (IRCM, affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (M.-S.G., D.F., B.C.)
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, QC, Canada (L.G., F.C., A.Ç.)
| | - Vincent S Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.B., V.S.T.)
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- From the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM; affiliated to the Université de Montréal), QC, Canada (A.B.D.O., D.S.-R., E.G., R.E., J.M., J.H., A.E., N.G.S.)
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22
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Benachenhou S, Etcheverry A, Galarneau L, Dubé J, Çaku A. Implication of hypocholesterolemia in autism spectrum disorder and its associated comorbidities: A retrospective case-control study. Autism Res 2019; 12:1860-1869. [PMID: 31385649 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with low cholesterol levels in a limited number of studies. However, the prevalence of hypocholesterolemia as well as the degree of association with ASD remains to be elucidated. We therefore sought to investigate the lipid profiles of a group of French-Canadian ASD individuals. The medical records of 79 ASD individuals and 79 age and gender-matched healthy controls were retrospectively reviewed. The fasting lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein were extracted for individuals of both groups along with the following clinical data: anthropometric measurements, medication use and associated disorders. Lipid parameters were compared to age and gender-based normative population and categorized in centile groups. The prevalence of hypocholesterolemia was revealed to be more than threefold higher in ASD individuals as compared to the general population (23%; P = 0.005). The 25th centile was determined as a potential TC threshold that could best predict the ASD (odds ratio [OR] = 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58-6.65; P < 0.001). This study identified specific ASD comorbidities associated with hypocholesterolemia: TC levels below the 10th centile were associated with a higher rate of ASD-associated intellectual disability (OR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.26-8.00) and anxiety/depression (OR = 4.74; 95% CI: 1.40-15.73). Overall, these results support a potential association between hypocholesterolemia and ASD occurrence. Application of this study to larger populations is urging to provide more extensive data that may further elucidate the association between hypocholesterolemia and ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1860-1869. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with abnormally low levels of cholesterol (hypocholesterolemia) has been documented before. These studies were incomplete, and the conclusion remains speculative. Here, we reviewed the medical records of 79 French-Canadian ASD individuals and compared their total cholesterol (TC) levels to healthy individuals matched for age and gender. We observed four times more hypocholesterolemia in ASD than in the general population. Furthermore, low TC in ASD was associated with higher rates of ASD-associated intellectual disability and anxiety/depression. Our results support an association between hypocholesterolemia and ASD and open novel opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of specific forms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérine Benachenhou
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Etcheverry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luc Galarneau
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Dubé
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Leboucher A, Pisani DF, Martinez-Gili L, Chilloux J, Bermudez-Martin P, Van Dijck A, Ganief T, Macek B, Becker JAJ, Le Merrer J, Kooy RF, Amri EZ, Khandjian EW, Dumas ME, Davidovic L. The translational regulator FMRP controls lipid and glucose metabolism in mice and humans. Mol Metab 2019; 21:22-35. [PMID: 30686771 PMCID: PMC6407369 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) is a widely expressed RNA-binding protein involved in translation regulation. Since the absence of FMRP leads to Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and autism, FMRP has been extensively studied in brain. The functions of FMRP in peripheral organs and on metabolic homeostasis remain elusive; therefore, we sought to investigate the systemic consequences of its absence. Methods Using metabolomics, in vivo metabolic phenotyping of the Fmr1-KO FXS mouse model and in vitro approaches, we show that the absence of FMRP induced a metabolic shift towards enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, reduced adiposity, and increased β-adrenergic-driven lipolysis and lipid utilization. Results Combining proteomics and cellular assays, we highlight that FMRP loss increased hepatic protein synthesis and impacted pathways notably linked to lipid metabolism. Mapping metabolomic and proteomic phenotypes onto a signaling and metabolic network, we predicted that the coordinated metabolic response to FMRP loss was mediated by dysregulation in the abundances of specific hepatic proteins. We experimentally validated these predictions, demonstrating that the translational regulator FMRP associates with a subset of mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism. Finally, we highlight that FXS patients mirror metabolic variations observed in Fmr1-KO mice with reduced circulating glucose and insulin and increased free fatty acids. Conclusions Loss of FMRP results in a widespread coordinated systemic response that notably involves upregulation of protein translation in the liver, increased utilization of lipids, and significant changes in metabolic homeostasis. Our study unravels metabolic phenotypes in FXS and further supports the importance of translational regulation in the homeostatic control of systemic metabolism. Loss of the translational regulator FMRP impacts glucose and lipid homeostasis in mouse and human. FMR1-deficiency modifies blood metabolic markers. Loss of FMRP enhances the insulin response and lipolysis. Loss of FMRP exaggerates hepatic protein synthesis. FMRP controls the translation of key hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leboucher
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Bermudez-Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Anke Van Dijck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jérôme A J Becker
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Inserm, Université François Rabelais, IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Le Merrer
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Inserm, Université François Rabelais, IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Edouard W Khandjian
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut en Santé Mentale de Québec, PQ, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie et des Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, PQ, Canada
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.
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24
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Cariou B, Challet-Bouju G, Bernard C, Marrec M, Hardouin JB, Authier C, Bach-Ngohou K, Leux C, Pichelin M, Grall-Bronnec M. Prevalence of hypobetalipoproteinemia and related psychiatric characteristics in a psychiatric population: results from the retrospective HYPOPSY Study. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:249. [PMID: 30400945 PMCID: PMC6220563 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL) is defined by plasma concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lower than the fifth percentile for age and sex. Several psychiatric symptoms have been reported in association with HBL. The objective was to assess the prevalence of primary HBL in patients hospitalized in a psychiatric population and to better characterize the related psychiatric disorders. METHODS HYPOPSY is a retrospective study including 839 adults hospitalized in the Psychiatry department of Nantes University Hospital during the year 2014, except patients with eating disorders. The prevalence of primary HBL was defined by a plasma LDL-C concentration ≤ 50 mg/dL. Secondary causes of HBL were excluded after a review of medical records (n=2). Related-psychiatric disorders in patients with and without HBL were recorded using the ICD-10 classification. RESULTS Twenty cases of primary HBL (mean [SD] LDL-C: 42 [7] mg/dL) were diagnosed, leading to a prevalence of 2.39%. In comparison, the prevalence of HBL in a healthy control population was 0.57%. Psychiatric patients with HBL were characterized by a higher frequency of schizophrenia (p=0.044), hetero-aggression (p=0.015) and pervasive and specific developmental disorders (including autism) (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HBL is 4-fold higher in psychiatric than in general population. More specifically, some statistically significant associations were found between low LDL-C concentrations and schizophrenia, autism and hetero-aggression. These data reinforce the hypothesis for a link between genetically low LDL-C levels and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Cariou
- CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bernard
- Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Present address: CHU Sud Reunion, Site Saint-Pierre, Avenue président F Mitterrand, BP 350, 97448 ST, Pierre Cedex, La Reunion, France
| | - Marie Marrec
- CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Hardouin
- Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, DRCi, Plateforme de Méthodologie et de Biostatistique, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Charlotte Authier
- Centre d'examens de santé de la Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie de Loire-Atlantique, St Nazaire, F-44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Kalyane Bach-Ngohou
- CHU Nantes, Service de Biochimie, F-44000, Nantes, France.,INSERM1235, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Leux
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Information Médicale, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Pichelin
- CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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25
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Zhou X, Ren F, Wei H, Liu L, Shen T, Xu S, Wei J, Ren J, Ni H. Combination of berberine and evodiamine inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:239. [PMID: 29228954 PMCID: PMC5725942 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia characterized of elevated serum lipid levels is a prevalent disease frequently resulting in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Berberine and evodiamine are herbal products of traditional Chinese herb Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa, which are indicated to exert regulation of lipid metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of berberine and evodiamine combination in hyperlipidemic rats. METHOD The rat model of hyperlipidemia was established by providing high-fat-diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. Berberine (BB), evodiamine (EV), and their combination (BB + EV) were orally administered to HFD induced rats for 4 weeks. Body weight, food utilization, histopathology of liver tissues, lipid profiles of serum and liver were measured. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis was applied to examine the level of plasma total cholesterol and ß- Sitosterol (BS) to estimate cholesterol absorption activity. Furthermore, intestinal NPC1L1, ACAT2, and ApoB48 protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical assay. RESULT According to the results, decreased levels of serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as hepatic TC were showed in hyperlipidemic rats treated by combination of berberine and evodiamine. GC analysis indicated that the elevated plasma BS was significantly ameliorated by BB, EV, and BB + EV. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BB + EV treatment down-regulated the expressions of intestinal NPC1L1 and ACAT2, and ApoB48 in HFD induced rats. CONCLUSION Based on the above results, combination of berberine and evodiamine exerted a promising preventive effect on hyperlipidemia, partially through inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fengying Ren
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610052, China
| | - Hong Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- School of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shijun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiangping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiayue Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hengfan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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