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Armoon B, Ghadipasha A, Mohammadi R, Lesage A, Harooni J, Griffiths MD. The global prevalence of mental health disorders among runaway and homeless youth: A meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02519-2. [PMID: 38995408 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was performed to identify the pooled prevalence of mental health disorders (MHDs) among runaway and homeless youth (RHY). Relevant studies published between December 1, 1985, and October 1, 2023, were identified in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. A preliminary screening of 11,266 papers resulted in the inclusion of 101 studies. The pooled-prevalence estimates were obtained using a random-effects model. The findings showed varying lifetime prevalence rates of MHDs: 47% (conduct disorders and psychological distress), 43% (depression), 34% (major depressive disorders), 33% (post-traumatic stress disorder), 27% (personality disorders), 25% (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), 23% (bipolar disorders), 22% (anxiety), 21% (oppositional defiant disorders), 15% (anorexia), 15% (adjustment disorders), 14% (dysthymia), 11% (schizophrenia), 9% (obsessive-compulsive disorders), and 8% (gambling disorder). The current prevalence rates were: 31% (depression), 23% (major depressive disorder), 23% (anxiety), 21% (post-traumatic stress disorder), 16% (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), 15% (bipolar disorder), 13% (personality disorders), 13% (oppositional defiant disorders), 8% (schizophrenia), and 6% (obsessive-compulsive disorders). Regular screening and the implementation of evidence-based treatments and the promotion of integration and coordination between mental health services for adolescent minors and young adults with other service systems are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Armoon
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Amir Ghadipasha
- Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Mohammadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alain Lesage
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Javad Harooni
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Fitzgerald A, Mahon C, Shevlin M, Dooley B, Reilly AO. Exploring changing trends in depression and anxiety among adolescents from 2012 to 2019: Insights from My World repeated cross-sectional surveys. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38956877 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM Research has indicated a rise in the prevalence of depression and anxiety among adolescents over the past three decades. However, the factors underpinning increases in mental health difficulties remain poorly understood. This study examines psychological, social and environmental risk and protective factors that may explain changes in depression and anxiety among adolescents. METHODS Data were taken from two nationally representative My World Surveys of adolescents aged 12-19 years in 2012 (N = 5,490) and 2019 (N = 9,844). Survey data on depression and anxiety and a range of potential risk (e.g., alcohol use, psychotic symptoms) and protective factors (e.g., resilience, self-esteem) were assessed at both time points. Multiple group analyses assessed whether the predictive ability of risk/protective factors changed from wave 1 to wave 2. RESULTS Results showed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety increased significantly between 2012 and 2019, particularly among females. Predictors accounted for between 37% and 61% of the variance in outcomes across waves. While some risk/protective factors were consistent predictors of depression and anxiety at both waves (e.g., bullying, discrimination, optimism), reporting female gender and having higher formal help-seeking tendencies more strongly predicted anxiety at wave 2, while lower self-esteem and lower resilience (personal competence) strongly predicted both depression and anxiety at wave 2. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need to prioritize adolescent mental health service provision, especially in females. Self-esteem and resilience are potentially important targets for supporting adolescent mental health. Further research is required to understand the causal factors associated with increases in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Kusier AO, Ubbesen TR, Folker AP. Understanding mental health promotion in organized leisure communities for young people: a realist review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336736. [PMID: 38694971 PMCID: PMC11061465 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A large proportion of young people reports poor mental health, which is a major public health concern. Positive mental health is important for young people's development, quality of life, functioning in everyday life, and long-term possibilities. Thus, there is a great need to develop and implement mental health-promoting initiatives and activities in young people's lives. Participating in organized leisure communities has a positive impact on mental health and wellbeing. However, more knowledge is still needed about why and how participating in organized leisure communities targeting young people can promote mental health. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about the mental health-promoting potential of organized leisure communities for young people by exploring the active ingredients that contribute to mental health promotion. Method Given the complexity of the subject, this study implemented a realist review approach to explore the interaction between context, mechanism, and outcome. The study follows Pawsons' five key steps for conducting a realist review: (1) clarify scope, (2) search for evidence, (3) study selection criteria, and procedures, (4) data extraction, and (5) data synthesis and analysis. The literature was systematically searched in the four databases PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase, and SocIndex. Results In the literature search, a total of 11,249 studies were identified, of which 52 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the 52 studies, seven different contexts i.e., types of organized leisure communities for young peoples were identified. Across the seven different types of organized leisure communities, five active ingredients that promoted the mental health of young people were identified: social connectedness, development of skills, development of self-confidence, pleasure-driven participation, and safety and trust. Conclusion This review contributes important knowledge about how to promote young people's mental health when participating in organized leisure communities. Moving forward, an important task consists of establishing and maintaining the five active ingredients in organized leisure communities through e.g., education and training that strengthens the skills and knowledge of those responsible for facilitating the leisure communities, such as sports coaches or music teachers, as these adults play a central role in supporting the active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Oxholm Kusier
- The Research Department for Health and Social Context, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Buli BG, Lehtinen-Jacks S, Larm P, Nilsson KW, Hellström-Olsson C, Giannotta F. Trends in psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents and the role of lifestyle factors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:878. [PMID: 38515098 PMCID: PMC10958834 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental health problems are on the rise globally, including in Sweden. One indicator of this trend is increased psychosomatic symptoms (PSS) over time. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may influence the time trends in PSS; however, the evidence base is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time trends in PSS and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of 9,196 fifteen-year-old boys and girls in Sweden using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) symptom checklist. The sample comprised nearly equal proportions of girls (50.5%) and boys. The lifestyle factors examined in this study included PA, regular breakfast intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, or soft drinks, smoking, and alcohol drunkenness. We used data from 2002 to 2018 and stratified by family affluence scale (FAS) to demonstrate how the associations varied among the FAS groups. We fitted separate regression models for the high- and low-FAS groups, where interaction terms between the year of survey and each lifestyle factor were used to estimate the level and direction of associations between the factors and trends in PSS. RESULTS There was a generally increasing trend in PSS mean scores from 2.26 in 2002 to 2.49 in 2018 (p <.001). The changes in each survey year compared to the average mean scores during the preceding years were significant in all years except 2010. Regular breakfast intake, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and higher PA were associated with lower PSS mean scores, while smoking and drunkenness had opposite associations with PSS. The only significant interaction between survey year and the lifestyle factors was observed regarding drunkenness in the high FAS group, suggesting that the association between trends in PSS and the experience of getting drunk at least twice got stronger over time (B = 0.057; CI:0.016, 0.097; p <.01). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate increasing trends in PSS among young people in Sweden from 2002 to 2018, with a significant increase observed among adolescents in the high FAS group who reported getting drunk on at least two occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti Geleta Buli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrizia Giannotta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Buli BG, Larm P, Nilsson KW, Hellström-Olsson C, Giannotta F. Trends in mental health problems among Swedish adolescents: Do school-related factors play a role? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300294. [PMID: 38457463 PMCID: PMC10923405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which school-related factors, such as school liking, participation in decision-making, school-related parental support, teachers' support, and school physical environment, explain trends in mental health problems. The problems considered are psychosomatic symptoms (PSS), depressive symptoms (DS), suicidal ideations (SI), and suicide attempts (SA) among Swedish adolescents of varying socioeconomic status (SES) from 2004 to 2020. METHODS We analyzed data collected through repeated cross-sectional surveys from 19,873 15-year-old students at schools in a county in Sweden. Boys and girls each constituted 50% of the participants. We fitted linear and logistic regression models to investigate associations between the school-related factors and trends in mental health problems. RESULTS Increased school-related parental support and school liking were cross-sectionally associated with decreased PSS, DS and SI, with school liking also associated with decreased SA. Conducive school physical environment was also found to be cross-sectionally associated with lower PSS and DS scores. Over time, mental health problems have shown a general increase among adolescents in the low SES group and a decrease among those in the high SES group. While school-related factors explained the improvement in mental health in the high SES group, we found such association only between parental support trends in PSS and DS, along with participation and trends in SA over time among adolescents in the low SES group. CONCLUSIONS The results show that school-related factors play significant roles in influencing adolescent mental health. The influence, however, varied across SES gradients over time. This suggests that working against inequities in school-related factors would help address inequities in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti Geleta Buli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent W. Nilsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrizia Giannotta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hermann V, Söderqvist F, Karlsson AC, Sarkadi A, Durbeej N. Mental health status according to the dual-factor model in Swedish adolescents: A cross sectional study highlighting associations with stress, resilience, social status and gender. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299225. [PMID: 38427682 PMCID: PMC10906859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to I) investigate the dual-factor model of mental health by forming and describing four participant groups and II) examine associations between mental health status and background factors, school-related factors, stress, and resilience among adolescents in a community population in Sweden. Data were collected through a survey completed by 2,208 students in lower and upper secondary school on the Swedish island of Gotland. After missing data were removed, a total of 1,833 participants were included in the study. The survey included the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) for the assessment of mental well-being and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the assessment of mental health problems. These two measures were combined into a dual-factor model, forming four mental health status subgroups: Vulnerable (47.5%), Complete mental health (36.2%), Troubled (13.9%), and Symptomatic but content (2.5%). Associations between these groups were explored regarding background factors, school-related factors, stress, and resilience through chi-squared tests and logistic regressions. Girls (OR: 1.88) and participants with high stress levels (OR: 2.23) had elevated odds for Vulnerable mental health status, whereas higher resilience (OR: 0.87) and subjective social status in school (OR: 0.76) were factors associated with reduced odds for this mental health status classification. Female gender (OR: 5.02) was also associated with Troubled mental health status. Similarly, a high level of stress (ORs: 4.08 and 11.36) was associated with Symptomatic but content and Troubled mental health status, and participants with higher levels of resilience had decreased odds for being classified into these groups (ORs: 0.88 and 0.81). The findings highlight the importance of interventions to increase resilience, reduce stress, and address stereotypic gender norms as well as social status hierarchies to support adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hermann
- Child Health And Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Söderqvist
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christin Karlsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarkadi
- Child Health And Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalie Durbeej
- Child Health And Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Potrebny T, Nilsen SA, Bakken A, von Soest T, Kvaløy K, Samdal O, Sivertsen B, Aase H, Bang L. Secular trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway: a review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02371-4. [PMID: 38363391 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing concern that the mental health of recent generations of youth is deteriorating, yet the etiology of these secular changes is not fully understood. We aimed to review the evidence on trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway. Seven large-scale repeated cross-sectional studies were included in this study, comprising 35 cross-sectional data collections between 1992 and 2019, with a total sample of 776,606 young people. Our study found a clear increase in mental health problems among young females in Norway over the past few decades, while the trends were less marked for males. The proportion of individuals scoring above the problematic symptom score threshold increased on average by 11.2% (range 2.2% to 21.9%) for females and 5.2% (range - 0.9% to 11.1%) for males, based on data from the individual studies. The results from a meta-regression analysis showed that across all surveys, mean symptom scores increased by 17% (95% CI 12 to 21%) among females and 5% (95% CI 1 to 9%) among males from 1992 to 2019. Overall, mental health problems have increased continually since the early 1990s among young people, especially among young females. The cause of these secular changes remains unknown but likely reflect the interplay of several factors at the individual and societal level.Protocol registration: Open science framework, November 8, 2021 ( https://osf.io/g7w3v ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Potrebny
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Bakken
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Bang
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Befus EG, Mølland E, Helseth S, Hagen M, Stea TH, Nolte S, Haraldstad K. The use of youth healthcare services and its association with health-related quality of life, physical and mental health and over-the-counter analgesics use in 13-19-year-old adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38183040 PMCID: PMC10770884 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth healthcare services in Norway include a public health nurse (PHN) at school and local youth health centres (YHCs). They provide health services for all adolescents free of charge, focusing on health promotion and disease prevention. The present study aimed to assess possible associations between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical and mental health, over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA) use and use of youth healthcare services among 13-19-year-old adolescents. METHODS This study was based on national, cross-sectional data from the Ungdata Survey conducted in 2022. The sample was comprised of 16 482 adolescents. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the associations between HRQoL, headaches, selected physical symptoms, psychological distress, use of OTCA, PHN availability, sociodemographic variables, and use of the PHN at school or at a YHC. The KIDSCREEN-10 was used to measure HRQoL, and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 10 was used to measure symptoms of psychological distress. RESULTS Girls used the youth healthcare services more frequently than boys. Better HRQoL was significantly associated with fewer visits to the PHN at school. Girls reported lower HRQoL and mental health, and more pain and frequent OTCA use than boys. When having symptoms of psychological distress, boys had greater odds of visiting the PHN at school than girls. For girls in senior high school, headaches and OTCA use were strongly associated with visiting the PHN at school and the YHC. In senior high school, boys with an immigration background had greater odds of visiting the YHC than native Norwegian boys, while girls with an immigration background were less likely to visit the YHC than native Norwegian girls. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that more girls than boys use youth healthcare services. When adolescents experience pain, have mental problems, use OTCA, or report low levels of HRQoL, they have greater odds of using youth healthcare services. Youth healthcare services offer excellent opportunities to support and follow up with adolescents. The findings provide important insights into youth healthcare services used by adolescents for various stakeholders, including PHNs and policy makers, with potential implications for future public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Grethe Befus
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway.
| | - Eirin Mølland
- Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business and Law, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway
- Faculty of Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, Oslo, 0130, Norway
| | - Milada Hagen
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway
- Faculty of Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, Oslo, 0130, Norway
| | - Tonje Holte Stea
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway
| | - Sandra Nolte
- Melbourne Health Economics, Centre for Health Policy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristin Haraldstad
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway
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Grigorian K, Östberg V, Raninen J, Åhlén J, Brolin Låftman S. Prospective associations between psychosomatic complaints in adolescence and depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood: A Swedish national cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101509. [PMID: 37720821 PMCID: PMC10500464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosomatic complaints are reported by high shares of adolescents in Sweden and elsewhere. Yet, little is known about to the extent to which the frequency, number, and persistence of such complaints in adolescence are associated with subsequent mental health problems. The aim of this study was to examine how the frequency, number, and persistence of psychosomatic complaints in middle and late adolescence are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. Methods A Swedish national cohort study of adolescents who were surveyed in 2017 (t1; age 15-16), in 2019 (t2; age 17-18) and in 2022 (t3; age 20-21 years) was used. Psychosomatic complaints were measured by questions on stomach ache, headache and difficulties falling asleep at t1 and t2. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) at t3. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses stratified by gender were based on data from t1, t2 and t3 (n = 2779). Results The frequency, number, and persistence of psychosomatic complaints during adolescence were associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood. Both earlier (at t1 only) and more recent (at t2 only) complaints were linked to subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms, while persistent (at both t1 and t2) psychosomatic complaints showed stronger associations in girls. Conclusions Psychosomatic complaints in adolescence were associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. This was true for the frequency, number, and persistence of psychosomatic complaints. Among girls, those who reported persistent psychosomatic complaints from middle to late adolescence had the highest likelihood of reporting subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms. Taken together, the results indicate that psychosomatic complaints during adolescence can translate into later depression and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, repeated measurements of psychosomatic complaints can be used to identify the most vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Grigorian
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Johan Åhlén
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Adamowicz JL, Sirotiak Z, Thomas EB. Psychological flexibility and global health in young adults with and without a self-reported functional somatic syndrome: a preliminary investigation. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:3091-3106. [PMID: 37227813 PMCID: PMC11062592 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2216940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional somatic syndromes (FSS) are associated with functional impairments and distress. FSSs are common among young adults, and psychological flexibility may be a transdiagnostic process appropriate for treatment of FSS in this population. The objective of the current study was to compare physical and mental health in young adults with and without a self-reported FSS and examine which psychological flexibility processes are associated with better physical and mental health in the FSS subset. A total of 447 young adults participated in the current study. Individuals who reported an FSS diagnosis were coded as having a self-reported FSS. Physical and mental health and psychological flexibility were measured via self-report. FSS and non-FSS groups were compared regarding demographic characteristics and on the primary outcomes. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the role of the psychological flexibility processes in physical and mental health in the FSS subset. Findings revealed that the FSS group scored significantly lower on measures of physical health and demonstrated less behavioral awareness than the non-FSS group. No differences regarding mental health were found. All three psychological flexibility processes were associated with physical and mental health, accounting for 26-49% of the variance in these outcomes. In conclusion, young adults with FSS experience more physical health difficulties than those without FSS. Psychological flexibility processes were related to better physical and mental health in those with FSS. These findings add to the literature and provide preliminary support for psychological flexibility as a future target for intervention development and implementation aimed at young adults with FSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe Sirotiak
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
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Beckman L, Hassler S, Hellström L. Children and youth's perceptions of mental health-a scoping review of qualitative studies. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:669. [PMID: 37710217 PMCID: PMC10503183 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research indicates that understanding how children and youth perceive mental health, how it is manifests, and where the line between mental health issues and everyday challenges should be drawn, is complex and varied. Consequently, it is important to investigate how children and youth perceive and communicate about mental health. With this in mind, our goal is to synthesize the literature on how children and youth (ages 10-25) perceive and conceptualize mental health. METHODS We conducted a preliminary search to identify the keywords, employing a search strategy across electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Sociological abstracts and Google Scholar. The search encompassed the period from September 20, 2021, to September 30, 2021. This effort yielded 11 eligible studies. Our scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. RESULTS As various aspects of uncertainty in understanding of mental health have emerged, the results indicate the importance of establishing a shared language concerning mental health. This is essential for clarifying the distinctions between everyday challenges and issues that require treatment. CONCLUSION We require a language that can direct children, parents, school personnel and professionals toward appropriate support and aid in formulating health interventions. Additionally, it holds significance to promote an understanding of the positive aspects of mental health. This emphasis should extend to the competence development of school personnel, enabling them to integrate insights about mental well-being into routine interactions with young individuals. This approach could empower children and youth to acquire the understanding that mental health is not a static condition but rather something that can be enhanced or, at the very least, maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Beckman
- Department of Health Service, Management and Policy, University of Florida, 1125, Central Dr. 32610, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, Karlstad University, Universitetsgatan 2, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Sven Hassler
- Department of Health Service, Management and Policy, University of Florida, 1125, Central Dr. 32610, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Lisa Hellström
- Department of School Development and Leadership, Malmö University, 211 19, Malmö, Sweden
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Kleppang AL, Steigen AM, Finbråten HS. Explaining variance in self-efficacy among adolescents: the association between mastery experiences, social support, and self-efficacy. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1665. [PMID: 37648980 PMCID: PMC10466853 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-efficacy has been identified as an important health-promoting factor for both physical and mental health. Previous studies have examined self-efficacy as a moderating factor between negative psychosocial influences and various outcomes, e.g., life satisfaction and stressors. There is, however, limited knowledge about factors that strengthen self-efficacy. The aim of this study is to examine the association between mastery experiences, social support, and self-efficacy among adolescents in secondary schools in Norway. METHODS This study is based on cross-sectional data from the Ungdata surveys conducted in eastern part of Norway in 2021. The sample comprises 9,221 adolescents aged 13-16. Sequential multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore the association between mastery experiences, social support, and self-efficacy. RESULTS The final model (Model 3) explains 25% of the total variance in self-efficacy. The indicators concerning mastery experiences - defined here as the personal experience of success - explain more of the observed variance in self-efficacy than the other independent variables (change in R square = 10.7%). The items 'felt mastering things' 'and 'felt useful' make the strongest and most significant contributions to the variance in self-efficacy in the final model (β = 0.25, p < 0.001 and β = 0.16, p < 0.001, respectively), followed by the variables 'support from friends' and 'parental support' (β = 0.06, p < 0.001 an β = 0.06, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mastery experiences are potential sources for creating and strengthening self-efficacy. Awareness of the health-promoting potential in (strengthening) self-efficacy among adolescents is important. Additional research is needed to further explore these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Løvheim Kleppang
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway.
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Anne Mari Steigen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Hanne Søberg Finbråten
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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13
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Einberg EL, Golsäter M, Clausson EK. Swedish schoolchildren's voices of health-promoting factors: a focus group study. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daab176. [PMID: 34734263 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Children have the right to express their views on all issues related to their health and development. The aim was to explore health-promoting factors voiced by 8- to 12-year-old children, to determine how the children prioritize those factors and inform school personnel how to develop health-promoting approach based on those findings. Focus groups, with the use of photographs, were conducted with 15 children. A deductive content analysis was used, with overall results showing that health-promoting factors are meaningful relationships and recreational activities. The results add new perspectives to the earlier model of health-promoting factors. By highlighting children's experience of what promotes health, measures at the individual, group and community level can be adapted to children's priorities, based on their own needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lena Einberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences, CYPHISCO Research Group, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Marie Golsäter
- Department of Nursing, CHILD Research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
- Futurum-Academy for Health and Care, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva K Clausson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences, CYPHISCO Research Group, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
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14
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Dumuid D, Singh B, Brinsley J, Virgara R, Curtis RG, Brinkman S, Maher CA. Trends in Well-Being Among Youth in Australia, 2017-2022. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2330098. [PMID: 37606925 PMCID: PMC10445194 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Little is known about temporal trends in children's well-being and how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the well-being of young Australians. Certain demographic groups may be more vulnerable to experiencing declines in well-being. Objective To examine well-being trends over 6 consecutive years among South Australian students and explore the influence of sociodemographic characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal analyses of annual (2017 to 2022) cross-sectional data of students in grades 4 through 9 (n = 40 392 to 56 897 per year) attending South Australian government schools from the Well-being and Engagement Collection (WEC) census. Exposures Calendar year (2017-2022) and sociodemographic characteristics (sex, school grade, parental education, language spoken at home, residential region) from school enrollment records. Main Outcomes and Measures Students self-reported life satisfaction, optimism, happiness, cognitive engagement, emotional regulation, perseverance, worry, and sadness. Results Over 6 years (2017 to 2022), a total of 119 033 students (mean [SD] age, 12.1 y; 51.4% male) participated in this study. Most well-being measures declined over time, with consistent worsening of well-being from 2020 onward. For example, compared with 2017, sadness was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.25-0.27) points higher in 2020 (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.27) and remained elevated by more than 0.26 points (SMD, 0.27) in 2021 and 2022. At almost every time point, greatest well-being was reported by students of male sex (except cognitive engagement and perseverance), in earlier school grades, with highest parental education, speaking a language other than English at home, and residing in outer regional and remote settings (for satisfaction, optimism, and emotional regulation). Sociodemographic differences in well-being were generally consistent over time; however, sex differences widened from 2020 for all indicators except cognitive engagement and perseverance. For example, between 2017 and 2022, sadness increased by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.25-0.29) more points among females than males (SMD, 0.28). Conclusions and Relevance In this longitudinal analysis of annual census data, there were downward trends in students' well-being, especially since 2020. The largest sociodemographic disparities were observed for students of female sex, those in later school grades, and those with lowest parental education. Urgent and equitable support for the well-being of all young people, particularly those facing disparity, is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ben Singh
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacinta Brinsley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rosa Virgara
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel G. Curtis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sally Brinkman
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carol A. Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Kristensen SM, Larsen TMB, Urke HB, Danielsen AG. Academic Stress, Academic Self-efficacy, and Psychological Distress: A Moderated Mediation of Within-person Effects. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1512-1529. [PMID: 36995523 PMCID: PMC10175374 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has largely failed to separate the between- and within-person effects in the longitudinal associations between academic stress, academic self-efficacy, and psychological distress (symptoms of anxiety and depression). Filling this research gap, this study investigated if academic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between academic stress and psychological distress at the intraindividual level during 3 years of upper secondary school. Gender moderation was also examined in the hypothesised model. The present sample consisted of 1508 Norwegian adolescents (baseline M age = 16.42; 52.9% high perceived family wealth; 70.6% Norwegian-born). The random intercept cross-lagged panel model results indicated (1) positive and time-invariant direct effects from academic stress to psychological distress, (2) academic self-efficacy partially mediated these effects, and (3) psychological distress impacted later academic stress. Academic stress was more strongly related to academic self-efficacy and psychological distress at the interpersonal level for boys, while the intraindividual impact of academic stress on psychological distress was stronger for girls. The study findings might have implications for school-based implementation strategies and theoretical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helga Bjørnøy Urke
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Ahlborg MG, Nygren JM, Svedberg P. Social Capital in Relation to Mental Health-The Voices of Adolescents in Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6223. [PMID: 37444071 PMCID: PMC10341280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The social environment that adolescents interact in has undoubtedly changed over the past decades. The latent constructs of social capital that have been described in theory may be universal, but it is necessary to reveal sociocultural specific pathways and manifestation in order to validly operationalize social capital for adolescents. There is a call for qualitative data to enhance our understanding of social capital for adolescents today and the specific sociocultural context they live in. The aim of this study was to explore social capital from the perspective of adolescents in relation to mental health. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted in a school setting with a sample of adolescents aged 11 and 15 years. Qualitative content analysis was applied, and analysis remained on a manifest level. From having adolescents describe their social relations and networks in relation to mental health, three main categories were formed: accessing a safe space, with sub-categories of trusting enough to share, having someone close to you, and being part of an inclusive and honest environment; feeling connected to others, with sub-categories of hanging out and having things in common; and maintaining control, with sub-categories of deciding for yourself, dealing with change, and having social skills. Having access to a safe space is vital for adolescents' mental health, by providing resources such as mutual trust, honesty, and unconditional access. Feeling connected to others is important in close relationships and reveals the glue that holds networks together, but also links to sociability in a wider sense. Predictability in adolescents' social relationships and networks, influenced by internal and external factors, may be a resource of increasing importance in todays' society and an interesting subject for intervention and future research on social capital and adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael G. Ahlborg
- Department of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Li G, Liu C, Guan J, Zhang Y, Shi Z. Comparing the efficacy of different types of exercise for the treatment and prevention of depression in youths: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1199510. [PMID: 37333923 PMCID: PMC10272399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depression disorder is the most commonly diagnosed type of mental illness among youths. Although a plethora of evidence suggests a positive relationship between exercise and lower levels of depression in youths, the findings regarding the variation in magnitude of this relationship are inconclusive with respect to the preventive and therapeutic effects of different types of exercise. This network meta-analysis aimed to determine the best type of exercise for the treatment and prevention of depression in youths. Methods A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsychINFO, ProQuest, Wanfang, and CNKI, was conducted to identify relevant research on exercise interventions for depression in youth populations. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Review Manager 5.4 according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 Methodological Quality Evaluation Criteria. The network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15.1 to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of all concerned outcomes. The node-splitting method was used to test the local inconsistency of the network meta-analysis. Funnel plots were used to evaluate the potential impact of bias in this study. Result Utilizing data extracted from 58 studies (10 countries, 4,887 participants), we found that for depressed youths, exercise is significantly better than usual care in reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.98, 95% CI [-1.50, -0.45]). For non-depressed youths, exercise is significantly better than usual care in reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI [ -0.66, -0.29]). In the treatment of depression, resistance exercise (SMD = -1.30, 95% CI [ -1.96, -0.64]), aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI [-1.10 -0.72]), mixed exercise (SMD = -0.67, 95% CI [-0.99, -0.35]), and mind-body exercise (SMD = -0.61, 95% CI [-0.84, -0.38]) all showed significant efficacy over usual care. For the prevention of depression, resistance exercise (SMD = -1.18, 95% CI [-1.65, -0.71]), aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI [-0.98, -0.47]), mind-body exercise (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI [-0.93, -0.26]), and mixed exercise (SMD = -1.06, 95% CI [-1.37 to -0.75]) were all significantly effective compared to usual care. According to the test of the surface under the cumulative ranking score (SUCRA), the ranking of exercises for the treatment of depression in depressed youths is as follows: resistance exercise (94.9%) > aerobic exercise (75.1%) > mixed exercise (43.8%) > mind-body exercise (36.2%) > usual care (0%). For the prevention of depression in non-depressed youths, resistance exercise (90.3%) > mixed exercise (81.6%) > aerobic exercise (45.5%) > mind-body exercise (32.6%) > usual care (0%). Resistance exercise thus had the best comprehensive effect on both the treatment and prevention of depression in youths (clusterank value = 1914.04). Subgroup analyses show that a frequency of 3-4 times per week, a duration of 30-60 min, and a length of more than 6 weeks were found to be the most effective interventions for depression (P > 0.001). Conclusion This study provides compelling evidence that exercise is a viable intervention for improving depression and anxiety in young individuals. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate type of exercise to optimize treatment and prevention. Specifically, the results suggest that resistance exercise, performed 3-4 times per week, with sessions lasting 30-60 min and a length of more than 6 weeks, yields optimal results for the treatment and prevention of depression in young individuals. These findings have significant implications for clinical practice, particularly given the challenges associated with implementing effective interventions and the economic burden of treating and preventing depression in young people. However, it is worth noting that additional head-to-head studies are necessary to confirm these findings and strengthen the evidence base. Nevertheless, this study provides valuable insights into the role of exercise as a potential treatment and preventative measure for depression in young people. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=374154, identifier: 374154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng Li
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengzhen Liu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinliang Guan
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuantong Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zifu Shi
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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18
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Nilsen SA, Stormark KM, Heradstveit O, Breivik K. Trends in physical health complaints among adolescents from 2014 - 2019: Considering screen time, social media use, and physical activity. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101394. [PMID: 37114241 PMCID: PMC10126924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising rates of physical and mental health complaints among adolescents observed in many countries have coincided with an increased time spent on screen-based devices, including social media use. We sought to document recent trends in physical health complaints (PHC) and whether co-occurring trends in screen time, social media use, and physical activity may account for these trends. To achieve these aims, we used data from the nationwide Ungdata surveys conducted annually at the municipality level in Norway, comprising 419,934 adolescents aged 13-18 from six survey years (2014-2019). Six items assessed PHC, including neck and shoulder pain, headache, and abdominal pain, during the past month. To account for the nesting structure of Ungdata, and to exploit the variation within and between municipalities, we used multilevel analyses with adolescents nested in municipality-years (n = 669), nested in municipalities (n = 345). We found a small to moderate linear increase in number of PHC among boys and girls from 2014 to 2019. Screen time and social media use moderately attenuated the trend for girls, and to a lesser extent for boys. Screen time and social media use were further positively associated with PHC across the between and within-municipality levels, and social media use was more strongly associated with PHC for girls than boys across all levels of analysis. A similar pattern emerged when considering each symptom individually. The results suggest that the prevalence of PHC rose in tandem with a group-level shift towards higher screen time and social media use. Moreover, the results indicate that higher screen time and social media use may have led to changes in the youth culture with potential consequences for adolescents' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author. Norwegian Research Centre, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kjell Morten Stormark
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Heradstveit
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kyrre Breivik
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Postbox 22, Nygårdstangen, 5838, Bergen, Norway
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Högberg B, Strandh M, Johansson K, Petersen S. Trends in adolescent psychosomatic complaints: a quantile regression analysis of Swedish HBSC data 1985-2017. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:619-627. [PMID: 35531772 PMCID: PMC10265281 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221094497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS According to recent criticism, survey-based measures of adolescent psychosomatic complaints have poor content validity insofar as they conflate trivial with severe complaints. It is argued that this means that estimates of prevalence and trends in complaints may reflect trivial complaints that are not indicators of health problems. In this study, two observable implications of this criticism were investigated: (a) that self-reported psychosomatic complaints should have a bimodal distribution; and (b) that the increase in complaints over time should be of approximately equal size throughout the distribution of complaints. METHODS Three decades (1985/1986-2017/2018) of repeated cross-sectional data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey were used. Psychosomatic complaints were measured using the screening instrument Health Behaviour in School-aged Children symptom checklist. Histograms, bar charts and quantile regression models were used for the analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS With regard to the first implication, the results showed that the distribution of complaints was not bimodal and that there were no clusters of respondents. This suggests that binary categorisations of students can be reductive and conceal important variations across students. With regard to the second implication, the results showed that the increase in complaints was greatest among students who report frequent and co-occurring complaints. This suggests that reports of increasing complaints in adolescents cannot be explained as being primarily due to a greater inclination to report trivial complaints. It is concluded that any conflation of trivial and more severe complaints in surveys of psychosomatic complaints is not reflected in population-based estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Högberg
- Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Klara Johansson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Solveig Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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20
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Huang Y, Lu J, Širůček J. The associations between social environment and adolescents’ psychosomatic health: An ecological perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1141206. [PMID: 36993890 PMCID: PMC10040858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesIt has been known that social environments are associated with adolescents’ health. However, the complex relationship between diverse types of social environments and adolescents’ psychosomatic heath remained unclear. Thus, using an ecological perspective, the current study aimed to examine the associations between social environment and adolescents’ psychosomatic health.MethodsWe used the data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) project conducted in the Czech Republic in 2018. A total of 13377 observations were included.ResultsThe region, as a macrosystem, could not explain the variance in adolescents’ psychological and somatic health. The quality of neighborhood environment (exosystem) was significantly related to adolescents’ psychological and somatic health. At the microsystem level, teacher support had stronger, family support had weaker, and peer support had no association with psychological and somatic health. At the mesosystem level, the interactions between family, teacher, and friend support were negligible for adolescents’ psychological and somatic health.ConclusionsThe results underscore the importance of teachers’ support and neighborhood environment for adolescents’ psychosomatic health. Therefore, the findings suggest the need to improve teacher-adolescent relationships and the neighborhood community quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jinjin Lu
- Department of Education Studies, Academy of Future Education, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjin Lu,
| | - Jan Širůček
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Scaioli G, Squillacioti G, Bersia M, Bellisario V, Borraccino A, Bono R, Dalmasso P, Lemma P. The wellbeing of adolescents and the role of greenness: A cross-sectional study among Italian students. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1050533. [PMID: 36743191 PMCID: PMC9889974 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is a critical period of life, and the level of wellbeing acquired during this stage might have an influence on health status in adulthood. The wellbeing of adolescents is associated with both biological and environmental determinants. To date, few studies have evaluated the effect of exposure to urban green spaces (i.e., greenness) on adolescents' wellbeing. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the association between exposure to greenness and the wellbeing of adolescents, accounting for the level of urbanization surrounding schools. Methods In the frame of the 2018 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), we analyzed cross-sectional data from the Piedmont Region. Exposure to greenness was quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Schools were geocoded, and a fixed buffer (radius 1,500 m) centered on each school was then built to enable average NDVI calculations. Adolescents' wellbeing was assessed by self-reported psychological, somatic, and psychosomatic health complaints as follows. Respondents were asked how often, in the last 6 months, they had experienced: (a) headache, (b) stomachache, (c) backache, (d) dizziness, (e) feeling low, (f) irritability or bad temper, (g) feeling nervous, and (h) difficulties getting to sleep using the HBSC Symptom Checklist (HBSC-SCL), an eight-item tool. Multivariable, multilevel logistic regression models tested the association between exposure to NDVI and psychosomatic, somatic, and psychological health complaints, one at a time, using schools as a random intercept. Results In total, 2065 subjects (47.6% girls) aged 11 (48.4%) and 13 (51.6%) years were involved. Greenness was found to be inversely associated with reported psychosomatic (OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53-0.98) and psychological health complaints (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49-0.92) in boys only, adjusting for age, urbanization level, and socioeconomic status, and stratifying by gender. Discussion Our results support the implementation of future policies for urban environmental design supporting the increase of green spaces, as suggested by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Scaioli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy,Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy,*Correspondence: Michela Bersia ✉
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy,Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Eriksson C, Stattin H. Secular trends in mental health profiles among 15-year-olds in Sweden between 2002 and 2018. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1015509. [PMID: 36875365 PMCID: PMC9978413 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1015509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of secular trends in mental unhealth indicate that adolescents in the Nordic countries, especially girls, have an increased reported prevalence of mental health problems the last decades. This increase needs to be seen in the light of the adolescents' assessments of their perceived overall health. Objective To investigate whether a person-centered approach to research can enhance understanding of changes over time in the distribution of mental health problems among Swedish adolescents. Method A dual-factor approach was used to study changes over time in mental health profiles among nationally representative 15-year-old adolescent samples from Sweden. Cluster analyses of subjective health symptoms (psychological and somatic) and perceived overall health from the Swedish Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys of 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 were used to identify these mental health profiles (n = 9,007). Results Four mental health profiles were identified by a cluster analysis which combined all five data collections-Perceived good health, Perceived poor health, High psychosomatic symptoms, and Poor mental health. There were no significant differences in the distributions of these four mental health profiles between the survey years 2002 and 2010, but substantial changes took place between 2010 and 2018. Here, particularly the High psychosomatic symptoms profile increased among both boys and girls. The Perceived good health profile decreased among both boys and girls, and the Perceived poor health profile decreased among girls. The profile involving the most pronounced mental health problems, the Poor mental health profile (perceived poor health, high psychosomatic problems), was stable from 2002 to 2018 among both boys and girls. Conclusion The study shows the added value of using person-centered analyses to describe differences in mental health indicators between cohorts of adolescents over longer periods of time. In contrast to the long-term increase in mental health problems seen in many countries, this Swedish study did not find an increase among young persons, both boys and girls, with the poorest mental health, the Poor mental health profile. Rather, the most substantial increase over the survey years, predominantly between 2010 and 2018, was found among the 15-year-olds with High psychosomatic symptoms only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charli Eriksson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Stattin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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The Mental Well-Being of Italian Adolescents in the Last Decade through the Lens of the Dual Factor Model. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121981. [PMID: 36553424 PMCID: PMC9777362 DOI: 10.3390/children9121981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In Italy, the components of adolescents' mental well-being (psychological symptomatology and cognitive perception of life satisfaction) showed different temporal trends, suggesting the adoption of a multidimensional conceptualization. We aimed to assess temporal patterns and provide additional insights into Italian adolescents' mental well-being in the last decade by adopting the Dual Factor Model; (2) Methods: We used nationally representative samples of Italian students (n = 165,000) aged 11, 13, and 15 years across the three more recent Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys. Two measures of mental well-being were used: life satisfaction (LS, indicator of positive subjective well-being) and psychological health complaints (PHC, indicator of mental illness); (3) Results: Our study showed that the overall sample has been moving from a Complete Mental Health (Flourishing) to an Incomplete Mental Illness (Struggling) condition. Among 13- and 15-year-old girls, a jump from one to the other mental condition was observed in the 2014-2018 and 2010-2014 time periods, respectively; (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Italian adolescents, especially older girls, have been shifting from Complete Mental Health to Incomplete Mental Illness in the last decade. Further research is needed to investigate this breaking up of the connection between psychological symptomatology and cognitive perception of life satisfaction.
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Among the swedish generation of adolescents who experience an increased trend of psychosomatic symptoms. Do they develop depression and/or anxiety disorders as they grow older? BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:779. [PMID: 36503425 PMCID: PMC9743552 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increase in mental health problems, with psychosomatic symptoms having been observed in new generations of Swedish youth, the extent to which these problems correspond to an increase in adult mental problems is unknown. The present study investigates whether Swedish adolescents with high levels of psychosomatic symptoms are at risk of developing depression and anxiety problems in adulthood and whether sex moderates any association. Moreover, we aim to understand whether different clusters of youth psychosomatic symptoms - somatic, psychological and musculoskeletal - have different impacts on adult mental health. METHODS One thousand five hundred forty-five Swedish adolescents - aged 13 (49%) and 15 (51%) - completed surveys at baseline (T1) and 3 years later (T2); of them, 1174 (61% females) also participated after 6 years (T3). Multivariate logistic models were run. RESULTS Youth with high levels of psychosomatic symptoms had higher odds of high levels of depressive symptoms at T2 and T3. Moreover, psychosomatic symptoms at T1 predicted a high level of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses of anxiety disorders at T3. When analyzed separately, musculoskeletal symptoms predicted higher odds of having high levels of depressive symptoms at T2 and T3 while somatic symptoms predicted high levels of anxiety symptoms at T2. Moreover, somatic symptoms at T1 predicted diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders at T3. Sex did not moderate any of the relationships. CONCLUSIONS The study supports the idea that an increase in mental health problems, such as psychosomatic symptoms, can seriously impact the psychological health of new generations of young adults.
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Ballespí S, Nonweiler J, Sharp C, Vives J, Barrantes‐Vidal N. Self- but not other-mentalizing moderates the association between BPD symptoms and somatic complaints in community-dwelling adolescents. Psychol Psychother 2022; 95:905-920. [PMID: 35746823 PMCID: PMC9795931 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential moderator role of poor mentalization in the association between borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits and somatization, specifically focusing on the polarities of self- and other-mentalizing. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional, general population study evaluating adolescents (n = 162, 61.3% female; ages 12-18, M = 14.63, SD = 1.02). The relationship between BPD traits and somatization was evaluated with self-mentalization (attention to emotions and clarity of emotions) and other-mentalizing as moderator variables. METHODS One hundred sixty-two adolescents without serious mental health disorders were evaluated using self-report measures for borderline personality disorder traits (screening questionnaire for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II), somatic symptoms using the Somatic Symptoms Questionnaire (SSQ), self-mentalizing using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS) and other-mentalizing using the Adolescent Mentalizing Interview (AMI)). Linear regressions were conducted to test the moderation effects of self- and other-mentalizing in the relationship between BPD symptoms and somatic complaints, controlling for age and sex. Moderation analysis was conducted using PROCESS version 3.5. RESULTS The association between BPD symptoms and somatic complaints was moderated by a self-mentalizing dimension (emotional clarity) (b = -0.019, 95% CI = -0.0379 to -0.0002, p = .0476), but not other-mentalizing (b = 0.027, 95% CI = 0.000 to 0.053, p = .051). The effect of BPD symptoms on somatization disappears when emotional clarity is high, regardless the level of attention to emotions. CONCLUSIONS Self-mentalizing appears to be an adaptive skill as it attenuates the relationship between BPD traits and somatization. Specifically, emotional clarity rather than simple attention to emotions is the aspect of self-mentalizing attenuating this association. These results support that self-mentalization is an important function in the management of body-associated emotions even in non-clinical levels of BPD traits. Findings suggest that strengthening self-mentalizing skills across development might contribute to resilience and salutogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ballespí
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jacqueline Nonweiler
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jaume Vives
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health SciencesUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Neus Barrantes‐Vidal
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Department of Mental HealthFundació Sanitària Sant Pere ClaverBarcelonaSpain,Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Kristensen SM, Danielsen AG, Jeno LM, Larsen TMB, Urke HB. The Within-Person Effect of Psychological Distress on Social Self-Efficacy: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:1369-1387. [PMID: 34862688 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the temporal relationship between social self-efficacy and psychological distress during 3 years in middle to late adolescence. The sample comprised 1508 participants (60.7% female; baseline mean age = 16.33, SD = .62; 52.9% high perceived family wealth; 70.6% born in Norway). We used a random intercept cross-lagged panel model to investigate the concurrent and subsequent associations between the two constructs. The results indicated (1) small to moderate and negative associations between the trait-like components and within-person fluctuations of social self-efficacy and psychological distress, (2) positive and significant carry-over stability effects on both constructs across time, and (3) that psychological distress predicted subsequent social self-efficacy more consistently across four time points, than social self-efficacy predicted later psychological distress.
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Garnow T, Garmy P, Edberg AK, Einberg EL. Deeply lonely in the borderland between childhood and adulthood - Experiences of existential loneliness as narrated by adolescents. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2132653. [PMID: 36204822 PMCID: PMC9553172 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2132653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is associated with different feelings and experiences that can negatively affect adolescents' health and well-being. In the transition between childhood and adulthood, experiences of loneliness are common. A deep form of loneliness is described as existential loneliness. Studies among adults have shown that existential loneliness often arises in connection with transitions and is related to suffering, but may lead to positive experiences when acknowledged and addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore adolescents' experiences of existential loneliness. METHODS This was an exploratory-descriptive qualitative study based on narrative interviews with 16 adolescents (median age 17.5). The data were analysed inductively using qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS Existential loneliness among adolescents was related to experiences of social exclusion and "in-betweenness". To alleviate their suffering, the adolescents tried to avoid burdensome feelings and thoughts, and they chose between sharing or not sharing their inner lives with someone else. CONCLUSIONS It is important to support adolescents' sense of belonging, and they may need assistance in dealing with existential loneliness, as well as with finding constructive and healthy ways of recuperating from the suffering. Professionals need knowledge of existential loneliness to promote adolescents' existential health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tide Garnow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden,CONTACT Tide Garnow Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, KristianstadSE-291 88Sweden
| | - Pernilla Garmy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden,WHO-CC Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Edberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lena Einberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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Hermann V, Durbeej N, Karlsson A, Sarkadi A. ‘Feeling down one evening doesn't count as having mental health problems’—Swedish adolescents' conceptual views of mental health. J Adv Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hermann
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Child Health And Parenting (CHAP) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Natalie Durbeej
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Child Health And Parenting (CHAP) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Anna Sarkadi
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Child Health And Parenting (CHAP) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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Association of single child family with subjective health complaints in children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18221. [PMID: 36309563 PMCID: PMC9617861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of single-child families has been increasing across developing countries during the last decades. We aimed to examine the association between being a single child (SC) and subjective health complaints (SHCs) in Iranian children and adolescents. This study was conducted as a part of the fifth survey of a national surveillance program entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease (CASPIAN-V). This national survey included a total of 14,400 students 7-18 years and their parents from rural and urban areas in 30 provinces of Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle variables, and SHCs were measured using the questionnaire of the World Health Organization on Global School-based Health Survey (WHO-GSHS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the association of being an SC with SHCs. Data on 14,151 participants were available for this study, of whom 7.7% (1092) were SCs. The most frequent SHCs were irritability (37.1%, 95%CI: 36.3-37.9%), feeling nervous 32.5%, 95% CI: (31.7-33.3%), and headache 24.3%, 95%CI: (23.6-25.0% ). In the multivariate model, being an SC significantly increased the odds of dizziness [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.37(1.08-1.72)] and backache complaint [1.22(1.01-1.47)]. The association of being an SC with other SHCs (feeling low, irritability, feeling nervous, difficulty in getting to sleep, headache, stomachache) was not statistically significant (p value > 0.05). Our results suggest that being an SC may be associated with higher odds of dizziness and backache complaints.
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30
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Lyyra N, Junttila N, Tynjälä J, Villberg J, Välimaa R. Loneliness, subjective health complaints, and medicine use among Finnish adolescents 2006-2018. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:1097-1104. [PMID: 36016473 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Loneliness is an important public health challenge for all ages. This study reports time trends of loneliness among adolescents over a 12-year period and analyses the strength of the associations between loneliness, health complaints, and medicine use. METHODS Data were derived from the cross-sectional Finnish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018. The study population is based on a random sample of schools with 20,444 participants aged 11-15 years. The trends were analysed with a Mantel-Haenszel test, and the strength of the associations was evaluated by mixed-effects logistic and linear regressions. RESULTS An increasing prevalence in frequent loneliness (2006: 11%; 2018: 15%) was evident over the 12-year study period, especially in girls and 15-year-olds. Among all adolescents, loneliness was associated with a higher risk of recurrent health complaints and medicine use to treat the corresponding health issues, especially nervousness (odds ratio 5.8) and sleeping difficulties (odds ratio 7.6). CONCLUSIONS Adolescence is a period of higher risk of frequent loneliness and associated health complaints. In this study, loneliness was common among adolescence and an increasing trend of loneliness was observed between 2006 and 2018. Also, psychosomatic health complaints and medicine use were strongly associated with loneliness. Persistent loneliness is a significant health risk and failure to resolve loneliness before entering adulthood may imply significant concerns for future well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Lyyra
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Junttila
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Tynjälä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Raili Välimaa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Cosma A, Költő A, Chzhen Y, Kleszczewska D, Kalman M, Martin G. Measurement Invariance of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index: Evidence from 15 European Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9798. [PMID: 36011429 PMCID: PMC9407912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Well-Being Index has been used in many epidemiological studies to assess adolescent mental well-being. However, cross-country comparisons of this instrument among adolescents are scarce and, so far, no good-fitting, common invariant measurement model across countries has been reported. The present study aims to evaluate and establish a version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index that allows for a valid cross-country comparison of adolescent self-reported mental well-being. (2) Methods: Using data from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, we evaluated the measurement model and measurement invariance of the five items of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. We used nationally representative samples of 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old adolescents (N = 74,071) from fifteen countries and regions in Europe. Measurement invariance of the WHO-5 was assessed using a series (country, gender, and age) of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. In addition, we evaluated the convergent validity of the measure by testing its correlations with psychosomatic complaints, life satisfaction, and self-rated health. (3) Results: We found that WHO-5 does not show good psychometric properties or good measurement invariance fit. However, by excluding the first item of the scale ("I have felt cheerful and in good spirits"), the WHO-4, consisting of the other four original items, had good psychometric properties, and demonstrated good suitability for cross-national comparisons (as well as age and gender) in adolescent mental well-being. (4) Conclusions: The present study introduces the WHO-4-a revised version of the WHO-5-, that allows for a valid comparison of mental well-being across fifteen countries and regions in Europe. The WHO-4 proved to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess mental well-being in the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, D01 Dublin, Ireland
| | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Yekaterina Chzhen
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, D01 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gina Martin
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada
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A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the revised children's anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in Spain, Chile and Sweden. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:228-234. [PMID: 35561880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for a measure that can be used across countries and cultures to advance cross-cultural research about internalizing mental health symptoms in children and adolescents. The Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a potential candidate, but no study has examined whether its scales are measured similarly in youth populations from different countries. METHODS In this study, we use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group CFA to examine the cross-cultural properties of a short and free to use 30-item version of RCADS that assesses social, generalized, panic, and separation anxiety alongside depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. We tested the factor structure of RCADS in children and adolescents from Chile, Spain, and Sweden, recruited using different research designs (i.e., school-based studies and an anonymous web survey), and whether the factor structure showed measurement invariance across the three countries. RESULTS The proposed factor structure of RCADS showed good model/data fit in all three countries and was superior to a unidimensional model in which correlations among scale items were explained by a single broad internalizing factor. Each RCADS subscale showed adequate to excellent internal consistency in all three countries and multi-group CFA supported scalar invariance across the three countries. LIMITATIONS No clinical sample was included. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an important first step in supporting the use of RCADS in cross-cultural research on depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents, but more work on validity aspects of the scale across cultures is needed.
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den Braber P, van Driel J, Broekhuijsen D, Wienen B, Bekhof J. Patterns and seasonality in pediatric referrals for functional somatic symptoms. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1545-1548. [PMID: 35772799 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Functional somatic symptoms (FSS), or medically unexplained physical symptoms, are common in children and it has been suggested that the incidence is increasing. To determine the incidence and pattern of referrals for FSS to pediatricians, we performed a retrospective analysis including newly referred pediatric patients to our secondary pediatric practice in Zwolle, The Netherlands, ultimately diagnosed with FSS between 2013 and 2018. FSS was defined as functional abdominal pain, chronic fatigue, chronic musculoskeletal pain and chronic headache without an underlying medical diagnosis. In the 6-year period, 10.4% of elective referrals were related to FSS without a significant upward trend. We found clear seasonal variation with peaks in incidences in March (+31%) and November (+21%) and a nadir around August (-48%). In conclusion, FSS account for 1 in 10 non-acute pediatric referrals, without an increase in incidence in the past 6 years. The seasonal pattern is remarkable and warrants further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bert Wienen
- Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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34
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Nilsen SA, Kvestad I, Randal SB, Hysing M, Sayyad N, Bøe T. Mental health among unaccompanied refugee minors after settling in Norway: A matched cross-sectional study. Scand J Public Health 2022:14034948221100103. [PMID: 35684945 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To describe the mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) settled in Norway and compare their responses to an age- and sex-matched sample of Norwegian young people. Methods: The data were from the Pathways to Independence study of URMs aged 15-20 years (n = 81; 82.7% male; response rate 80%) conducted in 2018-2019 in the Bergen municipality, Norway. The data from the URMs were linked to an age- and sex-matched group of young people from the Norwegian youth@hordaland study conducted in 2012 (n = 324). Mental health was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: URMs were more likely to agree with most items pertaining to emotional problems, peer problems and prosocial subscales than Norwegian young people. Few differences were found for items on the conduct problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems scales. Poor psychometric properties, including weak factor loadings and low internal consistency, were detected for the SDQ subscales among URMs, except for the emotional problems subscale, indicating that the originally proposed five-factor model fitted the data poorly. Conclusions: URMs appear to have moderately more emotional problems than Norwegian young people. They are more likely to report being alone, getting along better with adults than with their peers and being bullied, but also report being more helpful and sharing with others. Studies with larger samples of URMs should determine the most appropriate factor structure of the SDQ when administered to URM samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kvestad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
| | - Sølve Bjørn Randal
- Child Welfare Services for Unaccompanied Refugee Minors, Bergen Municipality, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Nawar Sayyad
- Child Welfare Services for Unaccompanied Refugee Minors, Bergen Municipality, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
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Nagamitsu S, Kanie A, Sakashita K, Sakuta R, Okada A, Matsuura K, Ito M, Katayanagi A, Katayama T, Otani R, Kitajima T, Matsubara N, Inoue T, Tanaka C, Fujii C, Shigeyasu Y, Ishii R, Sakai S, Matsuoka M, Kakuma T, Yamashita Y, Horikoshi M. Adolescent Health Promotion Interventions Using Well-Care Visits and a Smartphone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy App: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e34154. [PMID: 35604760 PMCID: PMC9171600 DOI: 10.2196/34154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent health promotion is important in preventing risk behaviors and improving mental health. Health promotion during adolescence has been shown to contribute to the prevention of late onset of the mental health disease. However, scalable interventions have not been established yet. Objective This study was designed to test the efficacy of two adolescent health promotion interventions: a well-care visit (WCV) with a risk assessment interview and counseling and self-monitoring with a smartphone cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) app. Our hypothesis was that participants who had received both WCV and the CBT app would have better outcomes than those who had received only WCV or those who had not received any intervention. We conducted a prospective multi-institutional randomized controlled trial. Methods Participants were 217 adolescents aged 13-18 years. They were randomly divided into two intervention groups (WCV group and WCV with CBT app group) and a nonintervention group. WCV comprised a standardized physical examination along with a structured interview and counseling for youth risk assessment, which was designed with reference to the Guideline for Health Supervision of Adolescents of Bright Futures. A smartphone-based CBT program was developed based on the CBT approach. The CBT app comprised a 1-week psychoeducation component and a 1-week self-monitoring component. During the CBT program, participants created several self-monitoring sheets based on the CBT model with five window panels: event, thoughts, feelings, body response, and actions. The primary outcome was the change in scores for depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes included changes in scores for self-esteem, quality of life, self-monitoring, and an adolescent health promotion scale. These outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, and 4 months after baseline. The exploratory outcome was the presence of suicidal ideation during the observation period. Intervention effects were estimated using mixed effect models. Results In total, 94% (204/217) of the participants completed the 4-month evaluation. Both intervention groups showed a significant effect in the form of reduced scores for depressive symptoms at 1 month in high school students; however, these effects were not observed at 2 and 4 months. The intervention effect was significantly more predominant in those scoring above cutoff for depressive symptoms. There was significantly less suicidal ideation in the intervention groups. As for secondary outcomes, there was significant increase in health promotion scale scores at the 4-month follow-up among junior high school students in the WCV group. Moreover, the CBT app was significantly effective in terms of obtaining self-monitoring skills and reducing depressive symptoms. Conclusions Although adolescent health promotion interventions may have short-term benefits, the frequency of WCV and further revision of the CBT app should be considered to evaluate long-term effectiveness. Trial Registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN 000036343; https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000041246
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Nagamitsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanie
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sakashita
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sakuta
- Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Ayumi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kencho Matsuura
- Department of Nursing, Fukuoka Prefectural University, Tagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Ito
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Akiko Katayanagi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | | | - Ryoko Otani
- Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kitajima
- Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsubara
- Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chikako Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshie Shigeyasu
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Michiko Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masaru Horikoshi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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Klastrup LK, Rosendal M, Rask MT, Christensen KS, Rask CU. Functional somatic symptoms in youths in general practice: A cross-sectional study on prevalence, clinical management and perceived burden. J Psychosom Res 2022; 156:110765. [PMID: 35276589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional somatic symptoms (FSS) may progress into a functional disorder if poorly managed, which may have serious implications. This cross-sectional study describes the management of youths compared to adults in general practice and estimates the prevalence of FSS in youths in this setting by comparing consultation-related aspects between youths with FSS and 1) youths with a specific diagnosis and 2) adults with FSS. METHODS We used data from a Danish survey (2008-2009), including 3295 face-to-face consultations between GPs and patients aged 15-64 years. Patients were divided into youths (15-24 years) and adults (25-64 years) and then into subgroups according to the GPs' classifications: 1) specific diagnosis, 2) resolving symptom and 3) FSS. Logistic regression analysis was used for all comparisons, and estimates were adjusted for gender, concomitant chronic disorder and GP cluster. RESULTS The GPs more frequently ensured continuity of care in adults (AOR:0.75, 95%CI:0.61-0.92, p < 0.01) and perceived youths as less time consuming (AOR:0.58, 95%CI: 0.43-0.77, p < 0.01) and less burdensome (AOR:0.60; 95%CI: 0.45-0.81, p < 0.01) compared to adults. FSS prevalence was 4.4% in youths and 9.0% in adults. However, GPs perceived youths with FSS as more burdensome (AOR:7.77, 95%CI:2.93-20.04, p < 0.01) and more time consuming (AOR:3.98, 95%CI:1.42-11.12, p < 0.01) than youths with a specific diagnosis. No significant differences were found between youths and adults with FSS, respectively, in regards to perceived burden and consultation time. CONCLUSION The results indicate age-related variations in the prevalence and clinical management of FSS in general practice. The GPs perceived both youths and adults with FSS time consuming, which underlines a need for supportive management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Klastrup
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - M Rosendal
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - M T Rask
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - K S Christensen
- Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - C U Rask
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Hammami N, Gobina I, Lukoševičiūtė J, Kostičová M, Lyyra N, Gariepy G, Šmigelskas K, Baban A, Malinowska-Cieślik M, Elgar FJ. Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health complaints: A multilevel latent class analysis in 45 countries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 35382037 PMCID: PMC8972899 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Our study evaluated the relationship between adolescent health complaints and socioeconomic position in 45 countries. Data are from the 2017/2018 international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey which used proportionate sampling among adolescents aged 11 to 15 years old (n=228,979). Multilevel, multinomial regression analysis assessed the association between the multilevel latent classes with socioeconomic status (SES; at the household and country level). Three distinct latent classes were identified: No Complaints, Psychological Complaints, and a Physical and Psychological Complaints class; where, low household SES was highest for the physical and psychological complaints class. The findings suggest that health promotion policies and interventions among adolescents should consider the specific needs of adolescents living with low household SES as they report more subjective health complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammami
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, 1130 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A3 Canada
- Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Inese Gobina
- Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Justė Lukoševičiūtė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Michaela Kostičová
- Institute of Social Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nelli Lyyra
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Kastytis Šmigelskas
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marta Malinowska-Cieślik
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Frank J. Elgar
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, 1130 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A3 Canada
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Student achievement goals and psychosomatic health complaints among Swedish adolescents: the role of sex. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
School related determinants (e.g. student motivation and goals) may be important for student achievement as well as their mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the links between two goal orientations (mastery and performance) and psychosomatic health problems by investigating the general patterns as well as the patterns for specific classifications of students, in particular by investigating the potential statistical interaction effects by gender.
Subject and methods
Swedish nationally representative data among 4573 school year 9 students (15–16 years old) responding to the Evaluation Through Follow-up (ETF) questionnaire, in 2014, were used. Linear regression analysis as well as multinomial logistic regression were applied in order to address the research questions.
Results
Both the mastery orientation and the performance orientation are independently associated with adolescent psychosomatic health problems. The links between these goal orientations and psychosomatic health show different patterns. The mastery goal orientation may be considered a protective factor as there is a negative link to psychosomatic problems; the performance orientation may be considered a risk factor due to the positive association with psychosomatic health problems. The effect of performance orientation on psychosomatic health complaints was significantly stronger for girls (OR = 4.28) compared to boys (OR = 2.04). In particular, low mastery/high performance students may be at risk for experiencing poor psychosomatic health.
Conclusion
Adolescent psychosomatic health may be improved by the encouragement of student goals related to adaptive and successful goal profiles such as mastery orientation.
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Wang X, Cai ZD, Jiang WT, Fang YY, Sun WX, Wang X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on depression in adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:16. [PMID: 35227300 PMCID: PMC8886903 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is widespread among adolescents and seriously endangers their quality of life and academic performance. Developing strategies for adolescent depression has important public health implications. No systematic review on the effectiveness of physical exercise for adolescents aged 12-18 years with depression or depressive symptoms has previously been conducted. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effect of physical exercise on adolescent depression in the hope of developing optimum physical exercise programs. METHODS Nine major databases at home and abroad were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise interventions among adolescents with depression or depressive symptoms. The retrieval period started from the founding date of each database to May 1, 2021. The methodological quality of the included articles was evaluated using the modified PEDro scale. A meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests were then conducted. RESULTS Fifteen articles, involving 19 comparisons, with a sample size of 1331, were included. Physical exercise significantly reduced adolescent depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = - 0.64, 95% CI - 0.89, - 0.39, p < 0.01), with a moderate effect size, in both adolescents with depression (SMD = -0.57, 95% CI - 0.90, - 0.23, p < 0.01) and adolescents with depressive symptoms (SMD = - 0.67, 95% CI - 1.00, - 0.33, p < 0.01). In subgroups of different depression categories (depression or depressive symptoms), aerobic exercise was the main form of exercise for the treatment of adolescents with depression. For adolescents with depression, interventions lasting 6 weeks, 30 min/time, and 4 times/week had optimum results. The effects of aerobic exercise and resistance + aerobic exercise in the subgroup of adolescents with depressive symptoms were significant, while the effect of physical and mental exercise (yoga) was not significant. For adolescents with depressive symptoms, aerobic exercise lasting 8 weeks, 75-120 min/time, and 3 times/week had optimum results. Physical exercise with moderate intensity is a better choice for adolescents with depression and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Physical exercise has a positive effect on the improvement of depression in adolescents. The protocol for this study was registered with INPLASY (202170013). DOI number is 10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0013. Registration Date:2021.7.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhi-dong Cai
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Wan-ting Jiang
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yan-yan Fang
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Wen-xin Sun
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Chronic backpain among adolescents in Denmark: trends 1991-2018 and association with socioeconomic status. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:691-699. [PMID: 34529135 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic backpain among adolescents is important because the prevalence is high, above 10%, and more than 10% of all adolescents experience impacts on important day-to-day activities. Chronic backpain tracks into adulthood and is associated with several health problems. The objective was to study trends in the prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents 1991-2018, to examine the association with socioeconomic status (SES), and whether this association changed over time. The study used data from eight comparable cross-sectional school surveys of nationally representative samples of 11-15-year-olds in 1991, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018, which constitute the Danish arm of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The participation rate was 74.6% of the eligible study population, n = 29,952. Chronic backpain was defined as self-reported backpain daily or several days a week during the last 6 months. The prevalence of chronic backpain was 11.1%, significantly increasing from 8.9% in 1991 to 11.7% in 2018. The OR for chronic backpain was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.10-1.31) in middle, and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.41-1.73) in low compared to high SES. Sensitivity analyses with two other cut-points for backpain frequency showed similar associations.Conclusion: Chronic backpain is common among adolescents and the prevalence increased from 1991 to 2018. The prevalence was highest in lower SES families. We recommend increased efforts to prevent chronic backpain. What is Known: • Chronic backpain among adolescents is common, has a high burden of disability, is associated with several health problems, and tracks into adulthood. What is New: • The prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents in Denmark increased from 8.9% in 1991 to 11.7% in 2018. • The prevalence was highest among adolescents from lower SES families.
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Mental Health Problems among Young People-A Scoping Review of Help-Seeking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031430. [PMID: 35162452 PMCID: PMC8835517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Young people’s mental health is a public health priority, particularly as mental health problems in this group seem to be increasing. Even in countries with supposedly good access to healthcare, few young people seek support for mental health problems. The aim of this study was twofold, firstly to map the published literature on young people’s experiences of seeking help for mental health problems and secondly to validate whether the Lost in Space model was adaptable as a theoretical model of the help-seeking process described in the included articles in this scoping review. A scoping review was conducted in which we searched for literature on mental health help-seeking with a user perspective published between 2010 and 2020 in different databases. From the 2905 studies identified, we selected 12 articles for inclusion. The review showed how young people experience unfamiliarity and insecurity with regard to issues related to mental health and help-seeking. A strong wish for self-reliance and to safe-guard one’s own health were consistent among young people. Support structures were often regarded as inaccessible and unresponsive. There was a high level of conformity between the model on help-seeking and the analysed articles, reinforcing that help-seeking is a dynamic and psychosocial process.
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Trotter MG, Coulter TJ, Davis PA, Poulus DR, Polman R. Examining the Impact of School Esports Program Participation on Student Health and Psychological Development. Front Psychol 2022; 12:807341. [PMID: 35140665 PMCID: PMC8820392 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.807341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the influence of 7 high school esports developmental programs on student self-regulation, growth mindset, positive youth development (PYD), perceived general health and physical activity (PA), and sport behaviour. A total of 188 students (male n = 120; female n = 68) originally participated (89 enrolled in an esports program in their school and 99 acted as aged-matched controls), with 58 participants (n = 19 esports group; n = 39 controls) completing both pre- and post-program information. At baseline, no significant differences were found between youth e-athletes and their aged-matched controls. The analysis for the observation period showed a significant interaction effect for the PYD confidence scale, with post-hoc comparisons showing a significant decrease in the control group from pre- to post assessment whereas the esports group remained the same. Time main effects showed a decrease in the self-regulation motivation factor, PYD connection factor and PA for all participants. Overall, this study showed that students enrolled in their respective school esports program did not differ from those who did not in self-regulation, growth mindset, PYD, perceived health and PA, and sport behaviour. It was likely that all participants showed a decrease in motivation, connection, and PA due to COVID19 lockdown during the study period. This study is the first to investigate the longitudinal impact of student involvement in high school esports and showed that esports participation did not have a negative impact on any health or psychological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Trotter
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tristan J. Coulter
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul A. Davis
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dylan R. Poulus
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
| | - Remco Polman
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Cosma A, Költő A, Badura P, Winkler P, Kalman M. Time trends in adolescent mental wellbeing in the Czech Republic between 2002 and 2018: gender, age and socioeconomic differences. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 29:271-278. [PMID: 35026065 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent literature indicates a decline over time in adolescent mental wellbeing but results are inconsistent and rely mainly on data from Western societies. This study investigates time trends in adolescent mental wellbeing (psychological and somatic complaints, life satisfaction) among Czech adolescents and explores the moderating role of gender, age and socioeconomic status. METHODS Nationally representative data from 29,376 Czech adolescents (50.8% girls, mean age = 13.43; SD = 1.65) across five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018) were used. Hierarchical regression models estimated national trends in adolescent mental wellbeing and established the moderating role of gender, age and socioeconomic status. RESULTS From 2002 to 2018, an increase in the psychological complaints was observed. Life satisfaction decreased over time up to 2014 only, whereas somatic symptoms increased until 2010, followed by a decline in 2014 and 2018. Girls, older adolescents and those from low family affluence reported poorer mental wellbeing. Gender gap increased over time for psychological complaints and life satisfaction. Socioeconomic inequalities gap remained stable over the investigated timeframe. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not provide evidence for substantial temporal changes in mental wellbeing among adolescents in the Czech Republic. Yet, the increase in psychological complaints has been consistent which is an indicator of a small decline over time in adolescent mental wellbeing. Furthermore, the gender gap in mental wellbeing increased over time, whereas the age and socioeconomic differences remained relatively stable. This calls for the attention of public health professionals and policy makers from the Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Winkler
- Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalman
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Bersia M, Berchialla P, Charrier L, Lemma P, Borraccino A, Nardone P, Pierannunzio D, Ciardullo S, Comoretto RI, Dalmasso P. Mental Well-Being: 2010-2018 Trends among Italian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:863. [PMID: 35055683 PMCID: PMC8775535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Aims: To explore temporal trends 2010-2018 of well-being among Italian adolescents and to evaluate potential explanatory factors. (2) Methods: Italian nationality representative samples of students aged 11, 13, and 15 years were recruited in 2010, 2014, and 2018; Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), for an overall number of 165,000 teenagers. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to fit the trends over time of life satisfaction (LS), psychological (PSY-HC) and somatic health complaints (SOM-HC) considering the contextual factors: school work pressure, social support (family, school, peers), socioeconomic status, geographic area, and immigration background; (3) Results: From 2010 to 2018 while LS was steady, health complaints increased, mainly for PSY-HC, in all age and gender groups. Trend of PSY-HC affected mainly 15-years-olds: rates among boys varied from 29.6% to 35.9% (OR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02-1.25); among girls from 49.1% to 63.3% (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.42-1.72). High school work pressure and poor social support play a central role in worsening well-being outcomes; (4) Conclusions: Our findings pictured a remarkable worsening trend of teenagers' well-being, especially among 15-year-old girls. Further research will be required to investigate this breaking up of the connection between psychophysical symptomatology and cognitive perception of life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 43, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.N.); (D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Daniela Pierannunzio
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.N.); (D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Ciardullo
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.N.); (D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Rosanna Irene Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
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Matos DOD, Medeiros-Souza P, Melo RPD, Menezes RAD, Tavares NUL. Satisfação dos responsáveis por adolescentes com as informações recebidas para o uso dos psicotrópicos em Unidade de Saúde Mental. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a satisfação dos responsáveis por adolescentes com as informações recebidas para o uso dos medicamentos psicofármacos. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em ambulatório de referência entre 2017 e 2019, em Brasília, com 173 responsáveis por adolescentes diagnosticados com transtornos mentais e comportamentais em uso de psicofármacos. O questionário Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale (SIMS) foi utilizado para identificar o grau de satisfação em relação às informações recebidas sobre os medicamentos. Resultados: A maioria dos responsáveis estava insatisfeita quanto às informações recebidas sobre psicofármacos (n=112; 64,7%). Destacou-se a insatisfação com as informações sobre potenciais problemas do medicamento (n=127; 73,4%), quando comparada à ação e ao uso (n=89; 51,5%). As informações sobre o impacto do medicamento na vida sexual do adolescente foram consideradas insatisfatórias ou inexistentes. Conclusões: A satisfação dos responsáveis com as informações recebidas sobre psicofármacos foi baixa. Os participantes demonstraram insatisfação com as informações sobre potenciais problemas, especialmente às relacionadas ao impacto na vida sexual dos adolescentes.
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Matos DOD, Medeiros-Souza P, Melo RPD, Menezes RAD, Tavares NUL. Parents’ satisfaction with information received on psychotropic drugs used by adolescents in a Mental Health Unit. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2022; 40:e2021012. [PMID: 35584415 PMCID: PMC9113626 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2021012in] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To analyze the satisfaction of those responsible for adolescents with information received for the use of psychotropic drugs. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in a reference outpatient clinic in Brasília between 2017 and 2019. It involved 173 legal representatives of adolescents diagnosed with Mental and Behavioral Disorders using psychotropic drugs. In order to identify the level of satisfaction about the information received on psychotropic drugs, the Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale (SIMS) was used. Results: Most guardians were dissatisfied with the information received on psychotropic drugs (n=112; 64.7%). The dissatisfaction with information about potential problems of medication was the one that stood out the most (n=127; 73.4%) when compared to information about action and usage (n=89; 51.5%). Participants considered information on the impact of medication on the adolescent’s sexual life unsatisfactory or nonexistent. Conclusions: The parents’ satisfaction with the information received about psychotropic drugs was low. Participants showed dissatisfaction with the information about potential problems, especially related to the impact on the sexual life of their tutored.
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Eurenius E, Mohamed AF, Lindkvist M, Ivarsson A, Öhlund I, Vaezghasemi M. Social-Emotional Problems Among 3-Year-Olds Are Associated With an Unhealthy Lifestyle: A Population-Based Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:694832. [PMID: 34869138 PMCID: PMC8634957 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.694832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Little attention has been paid to the association between preschool children's social-emotional problems and lifestyle at the population level. Objective: This study aimed to overcome this knowledge gap by investigating to what extent children's social-emotional problems are associated with their lifestyle and if there are any gender differences. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study used data from the regional Salut Register in northern Sweden, including 7,179 3-year-olds during 2014–2017. Parents responded to a questionnaire including the 36-month interval of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE) and questions regarding family and lifestyle characteristics. Single and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the association between children's social-emotional problems and multiple family lifestyle characteristics. Results: More reports of social-emotional problems were found among children who did not have parents living together or had markers of an unhealthy lifestyle. Children who ate vegetables less frequently, whose parent/-s brushed their teeth less often and did not read to them regularly were more likely to have social-emotional problems. Playing outdoors <3 h during weekdays and >1 h of sedentary screen time during weekends increased the risk of social-emotional problems among boys only, while >1 h of sedentary screen time during weekdays increased the risk among girls. When it comes to lifestyle and gender differences, a high proportion of the 3-year-olds had an unhealthy lifestyle, more so for boys than for girls. The dietary quality and tooth brushing were somewhat more adequate for the girls than for the boys, but boys spent more time playing outdoors compared to the girls. Conclusions: This study provides us with an important overview picture of the family life situation of three-year-olds, including those with social-emotional problems. Such problems were significantly associated with markers of unhealthy lifestyle, with significant gender differences. Therefore, this study suggests that in order to maintain children's social-emotional ability and support children at risk of problems, public health intervention programs should have a broader perspective on improving children's lifestyle rather than merely focusing on their social and emotional problems, and the gender differences found may be taken in account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Eurenius
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Marie Lindkvist
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anneli Ivarsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Inger Öhlund
- Department of Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Masoud Vaezghasemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Winzer R, Vaez M, Lindberg L, Sorjonen K. Exploring associations between subjective well-being and personality over a time span of 15-18 months: a cohort study of adolescents in Sweden. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:173. [PMID: 34740376 PMCID: PMC8569843 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Subjective well-being (SWB) is a contributing factor for building resilience and a resource for positive outcomes, e.g. study achievement and work performance. Earlier studies have examined associations between and prospective effects of personality traits on SWB, but few addressed the role that SWB plays in formation of personality over time. The purpose of our study was to examine associations and prospective effects of SWB on personality traits and vice versa in a cohort sample of secondary school students in Sweden who completed self-reported measures of SWB and personality traits at baseline (N = 446, 76% females) and at 15–18 month follow-up (N = 283, 71% females). Methods SWB was defined and measured by the WHO-5 Well-being Index and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The Big Five Inventory was used to measure personality traits. Autoregressive models were used to analyse associations and potential prospective effects of SWB on personality traits and vice versa. Results Low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness were associated with high levels of SWB at baseline and follow-up. The association between SWB and neuroticism was notably strong. We found high statistically significant rank order stability across the two time points for all measures of personality traits with stability effects, derived from the autoregressive models, ranging from .199 for extraversion to .440 for neuroticism. Stability for SWB was statistically significant across the two time points and ranged from .182 for well-being to .353 for life satisfaction. SWB had a prospective effect on agreeableness only. None of the personality traits had any significant prospective effects on SWB. Conclusions The present findings indicate that although correlated, bidirectional prospective effects between personality traits and SWB could not be confirmed. Neuroticism displayed the strongest negative association with adolescents’ SWB. Schools are an appropriate setting to improve well-being, and allocating resources that reduce neuroticism is crucial, including structural interventions, policies for healthy school settings and teaching emotional regulation techniques. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00673-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Winzer
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyles, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Marjan Vaez
- Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyles, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lene Lindberg
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, 10431, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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Holsting AF, Rask MT, Frostholm L, Rosendal M, Rask CU. Self-help interventions for young people with persistent physical symptoms: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2021; 148:110553. [PMID: 34242894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persistent physical symptoms are frequent among young people causing considerable social, psychological, and economic consequences. Easily accessible interventions adapted to non-specialized settings are needed. We aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials on self-help interventions for young people with persistent physical symptoms compared to active or passive control groups. Our purpose was to 1) describe applied therapeutic approaches and content and 2) examine potential effects on symptom burden and psychosocial outcomes. METHODS We included randomized controlled trials on minimal contact self-help interventions for young people with persistent physical symptoms. Systematic literature searches in PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, and PsycINFO were conducted. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. A narrative synthesis of the effects was performed. RESULTS We identified 11 studies on self-help interventions for young people. The methodological quality of the studies was generally low. Participants suffered from impairing fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, and musculoskeletal or multi-site pain. Applied therapeutic approaches were cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation training, hypnotherapy, and written self-disclosure. Outcomes were diverse and mainly related to symptom burden, whereas psychosocial outcomes were only sporadically examined. Overall, evidence of effectiveness of self-help interventions in alleviating symptom burden was weak, and potential effects could not be linked to one specific theoretical approach. CONCLUSION Few self-help interventions of diverse content exist for young people with persistent physical symptoms. Rigorously designed studies that include recommended outcome domains assessed by aligned measures are needed to determine and compare the clinical value of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M T Rask
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University hospital, Denmark.
| | - L Frostholm
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - M Rosendal
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University hospital, Denmark; Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - C U Rask
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Gao X, Vaca FE, Haynie D, Simons-Morton B, Li K. Trajectories of risky driving among emerging adults with their mental and psychosomatic health predictors in the 12th grade. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2021; 22:S14-S20. [PMID: 34379555 PMCID: PMC8792148 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1949003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify trajectory classes of risky driving among emerging adults and examine predictive associations of depressive and psychosomatic symptoms in the 12th grade with the identified trajectory classes. METHODS Data were from the last year in high school (12th-Grade - Wave 3 [W3]) and years 1-4 after high school (Waves 4-7 [W4-7]) of the NEXT Generation Health Study, a nationally representative study starting with 10th grade (2009-2010). We measured risky driving with the 21-item Checkpoints Self-Reported Risky Driving Scale (C-RDS). Using C-RDS data from W3-7, the latent class growth modeling (LCGM) was used to identify risky driving trajectory classes. Independent variables were W3 depressive symptoms and W3 psychosomatic symptoms. Covariates included family affluence and urbanicity. The LCGM was conducted with SAS PROC Traj. The multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between the trajectory classes and independent variables, taking complex survey sampling features into account. RESULTS Three risky driving trajectories were identified: low (N = 583, 21.43%, weighted and hereafter), medium (N = 1423, 59.22%), and high (N = 389, 19.35%) risky driving classes. Compared to the low risky driving class, one unit increase in W3 depressive symptoms was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the medium (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01, 1.07) and the high (AOR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02, 1.08) risky driving classes, respectfully, when controlling for the covariates. Likewise, compared to the low risky driving class, one unit increase in W3 psychosomatic symptoms was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the medium (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.00, 1.13) and the high (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.04, 1.16) risky driving classes, respectively, when controlling for the covariates. CONCLUSIONS High school students with depressive and psychosomatic symptoms were at higher risk of engaging in risky driving in the immediate years after leaving high school. These findings suggest that prevention programs that incorporate screening, referral to treatment, and treatment of mental and psychosomatic symptoms in high school may be important opportunities to reduce risky driving among youth as they transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University
| | - Federico E. Vaca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
- Yale Developmental Neurocognitive Driving Simulation Research Center (DrivSim Lab)
| | - Denise Haynie
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development
| | - Bruce Simons-Morton
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development
| | - Kaigang Li
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
- Yale Developmental Neurocognitive Driving Simulation Research Center (DrivSim Lab)
- Colorado School of Public Health
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