1
|
Sinsamala RM, Johannessen A, Bertelsen RJ, Accordini S, Brandt J, Frohn LM, Geels C, Gislason T, Holm M, Janson C, Markevych I, Orru H, Real FG, Sigsgaard T, Skulstad SM, Svanes C, Marcon A. Pregnancy outcomes as related to in utero exposure to air pollution and greenness: The Life-GAP Project. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e318. [PMID: 38919266 PMCID: PMC11196084 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lower birth weight and preterm birth may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes later in life. We examined whether maternal exposure to air pollution and greenness during pregnancy is associated with offspring birth weight and preterm birth. Methods We analyzed data on 4286 singleton births from 2358 mothers from Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, a prospective questionnaire-based cohort study (1990-2010). Mixed-effects regression models with random intercepts for mothers and centers were used to estimate the association of exposures to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), black carbon (BC), and greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in 300m-buffers [NDVI300m]) with birth outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Median (interquartile range [IQR]) exposures to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, BC, and NDVI300m during pregnancy were 8.4(5.0) µg/m3, 14.4(8.3) µg/m3, 14.0(11.0) µg/m3, 54.7(10.2) µg/m3, 0.47(0.41) µg/m3, and 0.31(0.20), respectively. IQR increases in air pollution exposures during pregnancy were associated with decreased birth weight and the strongest association was seen for PM2.5 (-49g; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -83, -16). However, O3 showed an opposite association. IQR increase in NDVI300m was associated with an increase in birth weight of 25 g (95% CI = 7, 44). Preterm birth was not associated with the exposures. Conclusion Increased greenness and decreased air pollution may contribute to healthier pregnancies and improve overall health in the next generation. This emphasizes the need to adopt policies that target the reduction of air pollution emissions and exposure of the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Sinsamala
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiks-borgvej, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lise M. Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiks-borgvej, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiks-borgvej, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital
| | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy & Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment, SRIPD-MUP, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Svein M. Skulstad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saade Y, Deraz O, Chatzopoulou E, Rangé H, Boutouyrie P, Perier MC, Guibout C, Thomas F, Danchin N, Jouven X, Bouchard P, Empana JP. Recalled body silhouette trajectories over the lifespan and oral conditions in adulthood: A cross-sectional analysis of the Paris Prospective Study 3. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024; 52:518-526. [PMID: 38273719 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between life-course body silhouette changes and oral conditions in adulthood. METHODS At study recruitment (2008-2012), 5430 adults underwent a full-mouth clinical examination and recalled their body silhouettes at ages 8, 15, 25, 35 and 45. Life-course trajectories of body silhouettes were computed using group-based trajectory modelling. Gingival inflammation, dental plaque, masticatory units, numbers of healthy, missing, decayed and filled teeth at study recruitment were clustered. The associations between body silhouette trajectories and clusters of oral conditions were assessed by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS The final analysis included 4472 participants. Five body silhouette trajectories were established: lean-stable (30.0%), lean-increased (19.3%), moderate stable (18.1%), lean-marked increased (25.8%) and heavy stable (6.7%). Three clusters of oral conditions were identified: optimal oral health and preserved masticatory capacity (70.0%, cluster 1), moderate oral health and moderately impaired masticatory capacity (25.4%, cluster 2) and poor oral health and severely impaired masticatory capacity (4.7%, cluster 3). Participants with a lean-increased trajectory were 58% more likely than those with a lean-stable trajectory to be in cluster 3 (aOR 1.58 [95% CI 1.07; 2.35]) relative to cluster 1, independently of covariates measured at study recruitment and including age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, BMI, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS A life-course lean-increased body silhouette trajectory is associated with higher likelihood of poor oral health and severely impaired masticatory capacity in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Saade
- Department of Periodontology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Rothschild Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Omar Deraz
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), INSERM U 970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eirini Chatzopoulou
- Department of Periodontology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UFR Odontologie, URP 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et plateforme imagerie du vivant, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Rangé
- Department of Periodontology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UFR Odontologie, URP 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et plateforme imagerie du vivant, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, University hospital of Rennes, University of Rennes 1, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France
- INSERM, INRAE, University of Rennes 1 NUMECAN Institute (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France
- FHU PaCeMM Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), INSERM U 970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Perier
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), INSERM U 970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Guibout
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), INSERM U 970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Danchin
- Preventive and Clinical Investigation Center (IPC), Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), INSERM U 970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Department of Periodontology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UFR Odontologie, URP 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et plateforme imagerie du vivant, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), INSERM U 970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carsin AE, Garcia-Aymerich J, Accordini S, Dharmage S, Leynaert B, de Las Heras M, Casas L, Caviezel S, Demoly P, Forsberg B, Gislason T, Corsico AG, Janson C, Jogi R, Martínez-Moratalla J, Nowak D, Gómez LP, Pin I, Probst-Hensch N, Raherison-Semjen C, Squillacioti G, Svanes C, Torén K, Urrutia I, Huerta I, Anto JM, Jarvis D, Guerra S. Spirometric patterns in young and middle-aged adults: a 20-year European study. Thorax 2024; 79:153-162. [PMID: 37758456 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the natural history of abnormal spirometric patterns at different stages of life is critical to identify and optimise preventive strategies. We aimed to describe characteristics and risk factors of restrictive and obstructive spirometric patterns occurring before 40 years (young onset) and between 40 and 61 years (mid-adult onset). METHODS We used data from the population-based cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed longitudinally at baseline (ECRHS1, 1993-1994) and again 20 years later (ECRHS3, 2010-2013). Spirometry patterns were defined as: restrictive if FEV1/FVC≥LLN and FVC<10th percentile, obstructive if FEV1/FVC RESULTS Among 3502 participants (mean age=30.4 (SD 5.4) at ECRHS1, 50.4 (SD 5.4) at ECRHS3), 2293 (65%) had a normal, 371 (11%) a young restrictive, 301 (9%) a young obstructive, 187 (5%) a mid-adult onset restrictive and 350 (10%) a mid-adult onset obstructive spirometric pattern. Being lean/underweight in childhood and young adult life was associated with the occurrence of the young spirometric restrictive pattern (relative risk ratio (RRR)=1.61 95% CI=1.21 to 2.14, and RRR=2.43 95% CI=1.80 to 3.29; respectively), so were respiratory infections before 5 years (RRR=1.48, 95% CI=1.05 to 2.08). The main determinants for young obstructive, mid-adult restrictive and mid-adult obstructive patterns were asthma, obesity and smoking, respectively. CONCLUSION Spirometric patterns with onset in young and mid-adult life were associated with distinct characteristics and risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Elie Carsin
- ISGlobal, Campus mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Universita Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain, Spain
- Biometrics, RTI-Health Solutions, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Campus mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Universita Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain, Spain
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ Paris-Sud, Inserm, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Marti de Las Heras
- ISGlobal, Campus mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Universita Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain, Spain
| | - Lidia Casas
- Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development (IMDO), University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Seraina Caviezel
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IDESP, University of Montpellier - Inserm UMR UA11, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Medical Faculty, University of Iceland, Iceland, Iceland
| | - Angelo Guido Corsico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy, Italy
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo-University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rain Jogi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, member DZL, German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Pin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, UMR 1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Torén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabel Urrutia
- Pulmonology Department, Galdakao Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ismael Huerta
- Epidemiological Surveillance Section, Directorate General of Public Health, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Anto
- ISGlobal, Campus mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Universita Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain, Spain
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefano Guerra
- ISGlobal, Campus mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
L'Espérance K, Abrahamowicz M, O'Loughlin J, Koushik A. Childhood body fatness and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: A population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Prev Med 2024; 178:107794. [PMID: 38072312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between childhood body fatness and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and whether this association differs by type of EOC. METHODS Using data from a population-based case-control study (497 cases and 902 controls) in Montreal, Canada conducted 2011-2016, we examined the association between childhood body fatness and EOC, overall and separately for invasive vs. borderline EOCs. A figure rating scale was used to measure body fatness at ages 5 and 10. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Quantitative bias analyses were conducted to assess the impact of exposure misclassification and non-participation. RESULTS The aOR (95% CI) of overall EOC for high vs. low body fatness was 1.07 (0.85-1.34) at age 5 and 1.28 (0.98-1.68) at age 10. The associations were stronger for invasive EOC, specifically the endometrioid histological type. For borderline cancers, the aORs were below the null value with wide confidence intervals. Bias analyses did not reveal a strong influence of non-participation. Non-differential exposure misclassification may have biased aORs towards the null for invasive cancers but did not appear to have an appreciable influence on the aORs for borderline cancers. CONCLUSIONS Childhood body fatness may be a risk factor for invasive EOC in later adult life. Our study highlights the potential importance of examining early life factors for a comprehensive understanding of EOC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L'Espérance
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850, rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation and Division of Clinical Epidemiology, 1001, boulevard Décarie, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 2001, avenue McGill College, Montréal, Québec H3A 1Y7, Canada
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850, rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Anita Koushik
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850, rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite 720, Montréal, Québec H4A 3T2, Canada; St. Mary's Research Centre, 3830 Lacombe Ave, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ohashi YGB, Wang SB, Shingleton RM, Nock MK. Body dissatisfaction, ideals, and identity in the development of disordered eating among adolescent ballet dancers. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1743-1751. [PMID: 37260249 PMCID: PMC10524937 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about how female adolescent ballet dancers-a group at high-risk for the development of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders-construct body ideals, and how their social identities interact with body ideals to confer risk for disordered eating. Using a novel body figure behavioral task, this study investigated (1) whether degree of body dissatisfaction corresponded to severity of disordered eating thoughts and behaviors, and (2) how ballet identity corresponded with ideal body figure size among adolescent ballet dancers. METHODS Participants were 188 female ballet dancers ages 13-18 years who completed self-report measures of study constructs and the behavioral task. RESULTS Linear regression models indicated that more severe body dissatisfaction was positively associated with increased disordered eating thoughts and behaviors (p < .19), except for muscle building (p = .32). We also found that identifying more strongly as a ballet dancer was correlated with having a smaller ideal body size (p = .017). CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest desire to achieve smaller body sizes is correlated with more severe disordered eating endorsement and stronger ballet identity. Instructors and clinicians may consider assessing the extent to which individuals identify as a ballet dancer as a risk factor for disordered eating and encourage adolescent dancers to build and nurture other identities beyond ballet. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Eating disorders are debilitating conditions that can lead to malnutrition, social isolation, and even premature death. Though disordered eating thoughts and behaviors can affect anyone, adolescents in physically demanding and body image-driven activities including ballet dance are particularly vulnerable. Investigating how factors like body dissatisfaction and strength of identity are associated with disordered eating among high-risk groups is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention methods that minimize harm.
Collapse
|
6
|
Veber T, Pyko A, Carlsen HK, Holm M, Gislason T, Janson C, Johannessen A, Sommar JN, Modig L, Lindberg E, Schlünssen V, Toompere K, Orru H. Traffic noise in the bedroom in association with markers of obesity: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis of the respiratory health in Northern Europe cohort. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1246. [PMID: 37370100 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests an association between road traffic noise and obesity, but current evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the association between nocturnal noise exposure and markers of obesity and to assess whether sleep disturbance might be a mediator in this association. METHODS We applied data from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) cohort. We used self-measured waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) as outcome values. Noise exposure was assessed as perceived traffic noise in the bedroom and/or the bedroom window's location towards the street. We applied adjusted linear, and logistic regression models, evaluated effect modifications and conducted mediation analysis. RESULTS Based on fully adjusted models we found that women, who reported very high traffic noise levels in bedroom, had 1.30 (95% CI 0.24-2.37) kg/m2 higher BMI and 3.30 (95% CI 0.39-6.20) cm higher WC compared to women, who reported no traffic noise in the bedroom. Women who reported higher exposure to road traffic noise had statistically significant higher odds of being overweight and have abdominal obesity with OR varying from 1.15 to 1.26 compared to women, who reported no traffic noise in the bedroom. For men, the associations were rather opposite, although mostly statistically insignificant. Furthermore, men, who reported much or very much traffic noise in the bedroom, had a statistically significantly lower risk of abdominal obesity. Sleep disturbance fully or partially mediated the association between noise in bedroom and obesity markers among women. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that self-reported traffic noise in the bedroom may be associated to being overweight or obese trough sleep disturbance among women, but associations were inconclusive among men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Triin Veber
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrei Pyko
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanne Krage Carlsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan Nilsson Sommar
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Modig
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolin Toompere
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gallagher C, Waidyatillake N, Pirkis J, Lambert K, Cassim R, Dharmage S, Erbas B. The effects of weight change from childhood to adulthood on depression and anxiety risk in adulthood: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2023:e13566. [PMID: 37062534 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to evaluate the effects of weight change from childhood to adulthood on depression and/or anxiety risk in adulthood. We systematically searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus for longitudinal studies assessing changes in weight status between childhood (≤18 years) and adulthood (≥19 years) in association with outcomes of depression and/or anxiety in adulthood. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data were narratively synthesized. Seventeen articles met our inclusion criteria: 13 evaluated outcomes of depression, one evaluated outcomes of anxiety, and five evaluated composite measures of depression and anxiety. Evidence was most consistent regarding outcomes of depression, with most finding that persistent and/or increasing adiposity from childhood to adulthood is associated with an increased risk of depression, particularly in women. However, heterogeneity and limitations in the evidence preclude definitive conclusions and inconsistent findings were reported in the few studies that assessed anxiety and composite outcomes. Overall, it appears that early intervention to both prevent or resolve excess weight may aid in reducing the burden of depression, along with mental health support targeting adolescents with persistent and/or increasing adiposity. However, further high-quality research is needed to address the methodological limitations discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gallagher
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nilakshi Waidyatillake
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina Lambert
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raisa Cassim
- Department of Health, Tasmanian Government, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chwałczyńska A, Kosendiak A, Sobiech KA, Andrzejewski W. Fat–fat-free index in body mass assessment in young people. Front Physiol 2022; 13:947514. [PMID: 36091388 PMCID: PMC9449409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.947514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to personalize the classification of body weight using the fat–fat-free (FFF) index with the percentage of body fat and to develop classification standards for the FFF index for men aged 18–25 years. Moreover, 1,642 adolescents (1,200 ♀) were examined. Using body composition analyzers, weight was determined, as well as overall and segmental body composition. Based on the obtained values for fat mass and fat-free tissue mass, an overall FFF index was calculated. According to the BMI classification, 9% of ♀ and 6% of ♂ are underweight, 29% of ♀ and 13% of ♂ are overweight, and 5% of the subjects are obese. Women and men classified in the same group according to BMI differed statistically significantly in terms of body weight, FM%, and FFM. In contrast to BMI and FM%, the FFF used takes into account the ratio of fat mass to fat-free tissue and muscle tissue mass. The proposed classification of FFF was made taking into account the differences that arise with sexual development and physiological changes occurring in ontogeny. Assessment of body mass using the FFF index should be used as part of preventive screening for the early diagnosis and prevention of overweight and thus many chronic diseases for which overweight or obesity is a risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chwałczyńska
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Agnieszka Chwałczyńska,
| | - Aureliusz Kosendiak
- Study of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Andrzejewski
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Svanes C, Johannessen A, Bertelsen RJ, Dharmage S, Benediktsdottir B, Bråbäck L, Gislason T, Holm M, Jõgi O, Lodge CJ, Malinovschi A, Martinez-Moratalla J, Oudin A, Sánchez-Ramos JL, Timm S, Janson C, Real FG, Schlünssen V. Cohort profile: the multigeneration Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) cohort. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059434. [PMID: 35654464 PMCID: PMC9163543 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) cohort was established to (1) investigate how exposures before conception and in previous generations influence health and disease, particularly allergies and respiratory health, (2) identify susceptible time windows and (3) explore underlying mechanisms. The ultimate aim is to facilitate efficient intervention strategies targeting multiple generations. PARTICIPANTS RHINESSA includes study participants of multiple generations from ten study centres in Norway (1), Denmark (1), Sweden (3), Iceland (1), Estonia (1), Spain (2) and Australia (1). The RHINESSA core cohort, adult offspring generation 3 (G3), was first investigated in 2014-17 in a questionnaire study (N=8818, age 18-53 years) and a clinical study (subsample, n=1405). Their G2 parents participated in the population-based cohorts, European Community Respiratory Heath Survey and Respiratory Health In Northern Europe, followed since the early 1990s when they were 20-44 years old, at 8-10 years intervals. Study protocols are harmonised across generations. FINDINGS TO DATE Collected data include spirometry, skin prick tests, exhaled nitric oxide, anthropometrics, bioimpedance, blood pressure; questionnaire/interview data on respiratory/general/reproductive health, indoor/outdoor environment, smoking, occupation, general characteristics and lifestyle; biobanked blood, urine, gingival fluid, skin swabs; measured specific and total IgE, DNA methylation, sex hormones and oral microbiome. Research results suggest that parental environment years before conception, in particular, father's exposures such as smoking and overweight, may be of key importance for asthma and lung function, and that there is an important susceptibility window in male prepuberty. Statistical analyses developed to approach causal inference suggest that these associations may be causal. DNA methylation studies suggest a mechanism for transfer of father's exposures to offspring health and disease through impact on offspring DNA methylation. FUTURE PLANS Follow-up is planned at 5-8 years intervals, first in 2021-2023. Linkage with health registries contributes to follow-up of the cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Oral Helath Centre of Expertise Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Allergy and Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdottir
- Medical Faculty, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavík, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavík, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Jõgi
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesus Martinez-Moratalla
- Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Anna Oudin
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Signe Timm
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy, Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francisco Gomez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health - Work, Environment and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamalipour A, Roshanshad A, Nalini M, Hassanzadeh J, Malekzadeh R, Malekzadeh F, Poustchi H, Gandomkar A, Salehi A, Molavi Vardanjani H. Pictogram Is a Valid Instrument to Classify At-Risk Adult Population Based on Abdominal Obesity: Results from Pars Cohort Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:366-374. [PMID: 35943016 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and death events. Thus, obtaining data on the status of abdominal obesity is important in risk factor assessment and prevention of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of using pictograms to classify abdominal obesity indices (waist circumference [WC], waist-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-height ratio [WHtR]) into normal and at-risk categories and determine the effects of demographic characteristics on this validity. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from Pars Cohort Study (PCS). Participants chose the most similar pictogram scores to their body size at 15, 30 years, and current age. Optimal normal/at-risk cut-off values for pictograms were calculated using sensitivity/specificity plots. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the validity of pictograms. Validity measures were analyzed across different subgroups of demographic characteristics. RESULTS A total of 9263 participants (46% males) were included in the study. The estimated area under the curves were 84% for WC, 77% for WHR, and 89% for WHtR in males, and 84% for WC, 73% for WHR, and 90% for WHtR in females. Optimal pictogram cutoffs to classify central obesity for WC, WHR, and WHtR were 4, 4, and 5 in males and 4, 4, and 6 in females, respectively. The majority of demographic characteristics were not associated with the validity of pictograms. CONCLUSION Using pictograms to determine normal and at-risk categories of abdominal obesity indices is valid among adult population with a wide range of demographic characteristics. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution in those with a positive history of weight fluctuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kamalipour
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Amirhossein Roshanshad
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Nalini
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Gandomkar
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Salehi
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Molavi Vardanjani
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reese TO, Bovet P, Choo-Kang C, Bedu-Addo K, Forrester T, Gilbert JA, Goedecke JH, Lambert EV, Layden BT, Micklesfield LK, Plange-Rhule J, Rae D, Viswanathan B, Luke A, Dugas LR. Utility of silhouette showcards to assess adiposity in three countries across the epidemiological transition. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000127. [PMID: 36962336 PMCID: PMC10021870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Pulvers' silhouette showcards provide a non-invasive and easy-to-use way of assessing an individual's body size perception using nine silhouette shapes. However, their utility across different populations has not been examined. This study aimed to assess: 1) the relationship between silhouette perception and measured anthropometrics, i.e., body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height-ratio (WHtR), and 2) the ability to predict with silhouette showcards anthropometric adiposity measures, i.e., overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), obesity alone (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), elevated WC (men ≥ 94 cm; women ≥ 80 cm), and WHtR (> 0.5) across the epidemiological transition. 751 African-origin participants, aged 20-68 years old, from the United States (US), Seychelles, and Ghana, completed anthropometrics and selected silhouettes corresponding to their perceived body size. Silhouette performance to anthropometrics was examined using a least-squares linear regression model. A receiver operator curve (ROC) was used to investigate the showcards ability to predict anthropometric adiposity measures. The relationship between silhouette ranking and BMI were similar between sexes of the same country but differed between countries: 3.65 [95% CI: 3.34-3.97] BMI units/silhouette unit in the US, 3.23 [2.93-3.74] in Seychelles, and 1.99 [1.72-2.26] in Ghana. Different silhouette cutoffs predicted obesity differently in the three countries. For example, a silhouette ≥ five had a sensitivity/specificity of 77.3%/90.6% to predict BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in the US, but 77.8%/85.9% in Seychelles and 84.9%/71.4% in Ghana. Ultimately, silhouettes predicted BMI, WC, and WHtR similarly within each country and sex but not across countries. Our data suggest that Pulvers' silhouette showcards may be a helpful tool to predict anthropometric and adiposity measures in different populations when direct measurement cannot be performed. However, no universal silhouette cutoff can be used for detecting overweight or obesity status, and population-specific differences may stress the need to calibrate silhouette showcards when using them as a survey tool in different countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler O. Reese
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Unit for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Candice Choo-Kang
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Department of Surgery, Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa K. Micklesfield
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dale Rae
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bharathi Viswanathan
- Unit for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Amy Luke
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lønnebotn M, Calciano L, Johannessen A, Jarvis DL, Abramson MJ, Benediktsdóttir B, Bråbäck L, Franklin KA, Godoy R, Holm M, Janson C, Jõgi NO, Kirkeleit J, Malinovschi A, Pereira-Vega A, Schlünssen V, Dharmage SC, Accordini S, Gómez Real F, Svanes C. Parental Prepuberty Overweight and Offspring Lung Function. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071506. [PMID: 35406119 PMCID: PMC9002985 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent study we found that fathers' but not mothers' onset of overweight in puberty was associated with asthma in adult offspring. The potential impact on offspring's adult lung function, a key marker of general and respiratory health, has not been studied. We investigated the potential causal effects of parents' overweight on adult offspring's lung function within the paternal and maternal lines. We included 929 offspring (aged 18-54, 54% daughters) of 308 fathers and 388 mothers (aged 40-66). Counterfactual-based multi-group mediation analyses by offspring's sex (potential moderator) were used, with offspring's prepubertal overweight and/or adult height as potential mediators. Unknown confounding was addressed by simulation analyses. Fathers' overweight before puberty had a negative indirect effect, mediated through sons' height, on sons' forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (beta (95% CI): -144 (-272, -23) mL) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (beta (95% CI): -210 (-380, -34) mL), and a negative direct effect on sons' FVC (beta (95% CI): -262 (-501, -9) mL); statistically significant effects on FEV1/FVC were not observed. Mothers' overweight before puberty had neither direct nor indirect effects on offspring's lung function. Fathers' overweight starting before puberty appears to cause lower FEV1 and FVC in their future sons. The effects were partly mediated through sons' adult height but not through sons' prepubertal overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lønnebotn
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.J.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9596-8484
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.J.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Deborah L. Jarvis
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | | | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Karl A. Franklin
- The Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeaa, Sweden;
| | - Raúl Godoy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Nils O. Jõgi
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (F.G.R.)
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.J.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Antonio Pereira-Vega
- Pneumology Service, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Hospital in Huelva, 21005 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (F.G.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.J.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
López-Cervantes JP, Lønnebotn M, Jogi NO, Calciano L, Kuiper IN, Darby MG, Dharmage SC, Gómez-Real F, Hammer B, Bertelsen RJ, Johannessen A, Würtz AML, Mørkve Knudsen T, Koplin J, Pape K, Skulstad SM, Timm S, Tjalvin G, Krauss-Etschmann S, Accordini S, Schlünssen V, Kirkeleit J, Svanes C. The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12684. [PMID: 34886409 PMCID: PMC8657011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult since the human reproductive cycle spans decades and the access to germ cells is limited. The exposome is defined as the cumulative measure of external exposures on an organism (external exposome), and the associated biological responses (endogenous exposome) throughout the lifespan, from conception and onwards. An exposome approach implies a targeted or agnostic analysis of the concurrent and temporal multiple exposures, and may, together with recent technological advances, improve the assessment of the environmental contributors to health and disease. This review describes the current knowledge on preconception environmental exposures as related to respiratory health outcomes in offspring. We discuss the usefulness and feasibility of using an exposome approach in this research, advocating for the preconception exposure window to become included in the exposome concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo López-Cervantes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Marianne Lønnebotn
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Nils Oskar Jogi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Matthew G. Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
| | - Francisco Gómez-Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Hammer
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Ane Johannessen
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Toril Mørkve Knudsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathrine Pape
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Research Unit, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
| | - Gro Tjalvin
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | | | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Svanes C, Bertelsen RJ, Accordini S, Holloway JW, Júlíusson P, Boateng E, Krauss-Etchmann S, Schlünssen V, Gómez-Real F, Skulstad SM. Exposures during the prepuberty period and future offspring's health: evidence from human cohort studies†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:667-680. [PMID: 34416759 PMCID: PMC8444705 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that exposures in prepuberty, particularly in fathers-to-be, may impact the phenotype of future offspring. Analyses of the RHINESSA cohort find that offspring of father’s exposed to tobacco smoking or overweight that started in prepuberty demonstrate poorer respiratory health in terms of more asthma and lower lung function. A role of prepuberty onset smoking for offspring fat mass is suggested in the RHINESSA and ALSPAC cohorts, and historic studies suggest that ancestral nutrition during prepuberty plays a role for grand-offspring’s health and morbidity. Support for causal relationships between ancestral exposures and (grand-)offspring’s health in humans has been enhanced by advancements in statistical analyses that optimize the gain while accounting for the many complexities and deficiencies in human multigeneration data. The biological mechanisms underlying such observations have been explored in experimental models. A role of sperm small RNA in the transmission of paternal exposures to offspring phenotypes has been established, and chemical exposures and overweight have been shown to influence epigenetic programming in germ cells. For example, exposure of adolescent male mice to smoking led to differences in offspring weight and alterations in small RNAs in the spermatozoa of the exposed fathers. It is plausible that male prepuberty may be a time window of particular susceptibility, given the extensive epigenetic reprogramming taking place in the spermatocyte precursors at this age. In conclusion, epidemiological studies in humans, mechanistic research, and biological plausibility, all support the notion that exposures in the prepuberty of males may influence the phenotype of future offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi J Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Oral Health Centre of Expertise Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - John W Holloway
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Pétur Júlíusson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health Register Research and Development, National Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eistine Boateng
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etchmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health-Work, Environment and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francisco Gómez-Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nordeide Kuiper I, Svanes C, Markevych I, Accordini S, Bertelsen RJ, Bråbäck L, Heile Christensen J, Forsberg B, Halvorsen T, Heinrich J, Hertel O, Hoek G, Holm M, de Hoogh K, Janson C, Malinovschi A, Marcon A, Miodini Nilsen R, Sigsgaard T, Johannessen A. Lifelong exposure to air pollution and greenness in relation to asthma, rhinitis and lung function in adulthood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106219. [PMID: 33126061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if air pollution and greenness exposure from birth till adulthood affects adult asthma, rhinitis and lung function. METHODS We analysed data from 3428 participants (mean age 28) in the RHINESSA study in Norway and Sweden. Individual mean annual residential exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were averaged across susceptibility windows (0-10 years, 10-18 years, lifetime, adulthood (year before study participation)) and analysed in relation to physician diagnosed asthma (ever/allergic/non-allergic), asthma attack last 12 months, current rhinitis and low lung function (lower limit of normal (LLN), z-scores of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC below 1.64). We performed logistic regression for asthma attack, rhinitis and LLN lung function (clustered with family and study centre), and conditional logistic regression with a matched case-control design for ever/allergic/non-allergic asthma. Multivariable models were adjusted for parental asthma and education. RESULTS Childhood, adolescence and adult exposure to NO2, PM10 and O3 were associated with an increased risk of asthma attacks (ORs between 1.29 and 2.25), but not with physician diagnosed asthma. For rhinitis, adulthood exposures seemed to be most important. Childhood and adolescence exposures to PM2.5 and O3 were associated with lower lung function, in particular FEV1 (range ORs 2.65 to 4.21). No associations between NDVI and asthma or rhinitis were revealed, but increased NDVI was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC in all susceptibility windows (range ORs 1.39 to 1.74). CONCLUSIONS Air pollution exposures in childhood, adolescence and adulthood were associated with increased risk of asthma attacks, rhinitis and low lung function in adulthood. Greenness was not associated with asthma or rhinitis, but was a risk factor for low lung function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Nordeide Kuiper
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Randi J Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ole Hertel
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roy Miodini Nilsen
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Section of Environment, Occupation & Health, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus Denmark
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aladwani M, Lophatananon A, Robinson F, Rahman A, Ollier W, Kote-Jarai Z, Dearnaley D, Koveela G, Hussain N, Rageevakumar R, Keating D, Osborne A, Dadaev T, Brook M, Eeles R, Muir KR. Relationship of self-reported body size and shape with risk for prostate cancer: A UK case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238928. [PMID: 32941451 PMCID: PMC7498010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous evidence has suggested a relationship between male self-reported body size and the risk of developing prostate cancer. In this UK-wide case-control study, we have explored the possible association of prostate cancer risk with male self-reported body size. We also investigated body shape as a surrogate marker for fat deposition around the body. As obesity and excessive adiposity have been linked with increased risk for developing a number of different cancers, further investigation of self-reported body size and shape and their potential relationship with prostate cancer was considered to be appropriate. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to investigate whether underlying associations exist between prostate cancer risk and male self-reported body size and shape. METHODS Data were collected from a large case-control study of men (1928 cases and 2043 controls) using self-administered questionnaires. Data from self-reported pictograms of perceived body size relating to three decades of life (20's, 30's and 40's) were recorded and analysed, including the pattern of change. The associations of self-identified body shape with prostate cancer risk were also explored. RESULTS Self-reported body size for men in their 20's, 30's and 40's did not appear to be associated with prostate cancer risk. More than half of the subjects reported an increase in self-reported body size throughout these three decades of life. Furthermore, no association was observed between self-reported body size changes and prostate cancer risk. Using 'symmetrical' body shape as a reference group, subjects with an 'apple' shape showed a significant 27% reduction in risk (Odds ratio = 0.73, 95% C.I. 0.57-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Change in self-reported body size throughout early to mid-adulthood in males is not a significant risk factor for the development of prostate cancer. Body shape indicative of body fat distribution suggested that an 'apple' body shape was protective and inversely associated with prostate cancer risk when compared with 'symmetrical' shape. Further studies which investigate prostate cancer risk and possible relationships with genetic factors known to influence body shape may shed further light on any underlying associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aladwani
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fredie Robinson
- School of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aneela Rahman
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Bakrani, Pakistan
| | - William Ollier
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nafisa Hussain
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Diana Keating
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Osborne
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brook
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R. Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165828. [PMID: 32806543 PMCID: PMC7459891 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated if greenness and air pollution exposure in parents’ childhood affect offspring asthma and hay fever, and if effects were mediated through parental asthma, pregnancy greenness/pollution exposure, and offspring exposure. We analysed 1106 parents with 1949 offspring (mean age 35 and 6) from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Mean particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) (µg/m3) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were calculated for parents 0–18 years old and offspring 0–10 years old, and were categorised in tertiles. We performed logistic regression and mediation analyses for two-pollutant models (clustered by family and centre, stratified by parental lines, and adjusted for grandparental asthma and education). Maternal medium PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was associated with higher offspring asthma risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.23, 95%CI 1.32–3.78, OR 2.27, 95%CI 1.36–3.80), and paternal high BC exposure with lower asthma risk (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.11–0.87). Hay fever risk increased for offspring of fathers with medium O3 exposure (OR 4.15, 95%CI 1.28–13.50) and mothers with high PM10 exposure (OR 2.66, 95%CI 1.19–5.91). The effect of maternal PM10 exposure on offspring asthma was direct, while for hay fever, it was mediated through exposures in pregnancy and offspring’s own exposures. Paternal O3 exposure had a direct effect on offspring hay fever. To conclude, parental exposure to air pollution appears to influence the risk of asthma and allergies in future offspring.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vallières E, Roy-Gagnon MH, Parent MÉ. Body shape and pants size as surrogate measures of obesity among males in epidemiologic studies. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101167. [PMID: 32939332 PMCID: PMC7479209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative anthropometric indicators reflect overall and abdominal obesity in males. Abdominal obesity is predicted using age, pants size, Stunkard’s silhouette & weight. Stunkard’s silhouette scale reflects well body mass index recently and in the past.
This study aimed at characterizing anthropometric indicators that can be used as alternatives to measurements for assessing overall obesity over adulthood and abdominal obesity among men. We used data from a population-based case-control study of prostate cancer conducted in Montreal, Canada in 2005–2012. It included men aged ≤ 75 years, 1872 of which were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, and 1918 others randomly selected from the electoral list. In-person interviews elicited reports of height as well as of weight, pants size and Stunkard’s silhouette at 5 time points over adulthood, i.e., for the ages of 20, 40, 50 and 60 years, if applicable, and at the time of interview. Waist and hip circumferences were measured by interviewers following a validated protocol. Analyses were conducted on the overall sample of 3790 subjects, after having confirmed that results did not differ according to disease status. Stunkard’s silhouette scale proved to be an easy-to-administer tool that reflects well reported body mass index, either recently or decades in the past among adult males. It was discriminatory enough to classify individuals according to commonly-used obesity categories. We observed that a model including age, reported pants size, silhouette and weight can reasonably predict current abdominal obesity. In conclusion, alternative anthropometric indicators can serve as valuable means to assess overall and abdominal obesity when measurements cannot be envisaged in the context of epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vallières
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada.,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Johannessen A, Lønnebotn M, Calciano L, Benediktsdóttir B, Bertelsen RJ, Bråbäck L, Dharmage S, Franklin KA, Gislason T, Holm M, Janson C, Jarvis D, Jõgi R, Kim JL, Kirkeleit J, Lodge C, Malinovschi A, Martinez-Moratalla J, Nilsen RM, Pereira-Vega A, Real FG, Schlünssen V, Accordini S, Svanes C. Being overweight in childhood, puberty, or early adulthood: Changing asthma risk in the next generation? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:791-799.e4. [PMID: 31505189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight status and asthma have increased during the last decades. Being overweight is a known risk factor for asthma, but it is not known whether it might also increase asthma risk in the next generation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine whether parents being overweight in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood is associated with asthma in their offspring. METHODS We included 6347 adult offspring (age, 18-52 years) investigated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) multigeneration study of 2044 fathers and 2549 mothers (age, 37-66 years) investigated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) study. Associations of parental overweight status at age 8 years, puberty, and age 30 years with offspring's childhood overweight status (potential mediator) and offspring's asthma with or without nasal allergies (outcomes) was analyzed by using 2-level logistic regression and 2-level multinomial logistic regression, respectively. Counterfactual-based mediation analysis was performed to establish whether observed associations were direct or indirect effects mediated through the offspring's own overweight status. RESULTS We found statistically significant associations between both fathers' and mothers' childhood overweight status and offspring's childhood overweight status (odds ratio, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.45-3.42] and 2.45 [95% CI, 1.86-3.22], respectively). We also found a statistically significant effect of fathers' onset of being overweight in puberty on offspring's asthma without nasal allergies (relative risk ratio, 2.31 [95% CI, 1.23-4.33]). This effect was direct and not mediated through the offspring's own overweight status. No effect on offspring's asthma with nasal allergies was found. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that metabolic factors long before conception can increase asthma risk and that male puberty is a time window of particular importance for offspring's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Johannessen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Lønnebotn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdóttir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karl A Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy & Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rain Jõgi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jeong-Lim Kim
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline Lodge
- Department of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jesus Martinez-Moratalla
- Servicio de Neurología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
van Sloten TT, Boutouyrie P, Lisan Q, Tafflet M, Thomas F, Guibout C, Climie RE, Pannier B, Sharman JE, Laurent S, Jouven X, Empana JP. Body Silhouette Trajectories Across the Lifespan and Vascular Aging. Hypertension 2019; 72:1095-1102. [PMID: 30354814 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and can be quantified by higher carotid stiffness, intima-media thickness and diameter, and hypertension. Weight gain across the lifetime may be an important, modifiable determinant of vascular aging. We therefore aimed to assess lifetime body silhouette trajectories (a marker of weight change across the lifespan) in relation to vascular aging in late adulthood. We used cross-sectional data from a community-based cohort study (n=8243; age, 59.4; 38.7% women). A linear mixed model was used to assess trajectories of recalled body silhouettes from age 8 to 45 years. We assessed carotid artery properties (ultrasonography), resting hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensives), and exaggerated exercise blood pressure, a marker of masked hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥150 mm Hg during submaximal exercise) at study recruitment when the participants were 50 to 75 years of age. We identified 5 distinct body silhouette trajectories: lean stable (32.0%), lean increase (11.1%), moderate stable (32.5%), lean-marked increase (16.3%), and heavy stable (8.1%). Compared with individuals in the lean-stable trajectory, those in the moderate-stable, lean-marked increase, and heavy-stable trajectories had higher carotid stiffness, intima-media thickness and diameter (odds ratios between 1.23 and 2.10 for highest quartile versus lowest quartile of manifestations of vascular aging; P<0.05) and were more likely to have resting hypertension and exaggerated exercise blood pressure, after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratios between 1.31 and 1.60; P<0.05). Vascular aging was most prominent among individuals who were lean in early life but markedly gained weight during young adulthood and among those who were heavy in early life and maintained weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T van Sloten
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Arterial Mechanics, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., R.E.C., S.L.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (T.T.v.S.)
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | - Quentin Lisan
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | - Muriel Tafflet
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | - Frédérique Thomas
- Preventive and Clinical Investigation Center, Paris, France (F.T., B.P.)
| | - Catherine Guibout
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | - Rachel E Climie
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Arterial Mechanics, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., R.E.C., S.L.).,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (R.E.C., J.E.S.).,Physical Activity and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (R.E.C.)
| | - Bruno Pannier
- Department of Arterial Mechanics, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., R.E.C., S.L.).,Department of Pharmacology, AP-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France (P.B., S.L.).,Preventive and Clinical Investigation Center, Paris, France (F.T., B.P.)
| | - James E Sharman
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (R.E.C., J.E.S.)
| | - Stéphane Laurent
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Arterial Mechanics, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., R.E.C., S.L.).,Department of Pharmacology, AP-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France (P.B., S.L.)
| | - Xavier Jouven
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- From the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (T.T.v.S., P.B., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., J.E.S., S.L., X.J., J.-P.E.).,Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (T.T.v.S., Q.L., M.T., C.G., R.E.C., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Squillacioti G, Bellisario V, Grignani E, Mengozzi G, Bardaglio G, Dalmasso P, Bono R. The Asti Study: The Induction of Oxidative Stress in A Population of Children According to Their Body Composition and Passive Tobacco Smoking Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030490. [PMID: 30744094 PMCID: PMC6388278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and exposure to second-hand tobacco smoking (SHS) may influence oxidative stress (OS) levels, especially in children. This study investigated body composition and SHS influence on OS induction in the paediatric population. The first purpose was identifying an appropriate BMI standard for adiposity assessment in OS investigations. Secondly, SHS and obesity were analysed as inductors of OS. The epidemiologic sample involved 330 children. Three BMI (body mass index) references (IOTF, CDC, and WHO) and an impedentiometric scale supplied body-composition measurements. Partecipants filled out a questionnaire and provided urinary samples for biomarker quantifications: isoprostane (15-F2t IsoP) and cotinine as OS and SHS biomarker, respectively. Obesity prevalence changed over different BMI references (14%, 21%, and 34% for IOTF, CDC, and WHO, respectively). Obese children, by IOTF, showed an increase of 56% in 15-F2t IsoP compared to those normal weight (p = 0.020). Children belonging to the third and the fourth cotinine quartile compared to those of the first quartile had higher 15-F2t IsoP (1.45 ng/mg, 95% CI: 1.06⁻1.97, p = 0.020 and 2.04 ng/mg, 95% CI: 1.55⁻2.69, p < 0.0001, respectively). Obesity assessment in children requires appropriate BMI reference depending on research field. Both SHS exposure and obesity may increase OS in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Elena Grignani
- Maugeri Scientific Clinical Institutes, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- City of Health and Science of Turin, Molinette Hospital, 10145 Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulia Bardaglio
- SUISM, Structure of Hygiene, Sport Sciences and Physical Activities, headquarters of Asti, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- SUISM, Structure of Hygiene, Sport Sciences and Physical Activities, headquarters of Asti, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Halawani AT, Zeidan ZA, Kareem AM, Alharthi AA, Almalki HA. Sociodemographic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for multiple sclerosis development in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. A matched case control study. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:808-814. [PMID: 30106419 PMCID: PMC6194980 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.8.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the association of exposure to sociodemographic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors during adolescence with the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We conducted a case-control study between October 2017 and January 2018 at King Fahd General Hospital (KFH) in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected by direct physician-subject interviews. We utilized a questionnaire modified from the environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis questionnaire (EnvIMS-Q). Chi-square tests were used to examine associations of selected risk factors with the development of MS, a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 80 cases and 160 controls were enrolled into the study. Smoking during adolescence significantly increased the risk of MS, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 4.165, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.449-11.974. Large body size, assessed using a figure rating scale, also increased the risk of MS (AOR=8.970, 95% CI=1.032-77.983), as well as a history of measles infection (AOR=3.758, 95% CI=1.455-9.706). Furthermore, exposure to sunlight during the weekend for more than 4 hours/day decreased the risk of MS (AOR=0.063, 95% CI=0.006-0.654), so did the consumption of fish for more than once per week (AOR=0.206, 95% CI=0.055-0.773). Conclusion: The risk of developing MS is significantly increased by exposure during adolescence to smoking, a history of measles infection, and large body size (obesity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman T Halawani
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|