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Wang H, Stevens T, Lu J, Roberts A, Van't Land C, Muzumdar R, Gong Z, Vockley J, Prochownik EV. Body-Wide Inactivation of the Myc-Like Mlx Transcription Factor Network Accelerates Aging and Increases the Lifetime Cancer Incidence. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401593. [PMID: 38976573 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The "Mlx" and "Myc" transcription factor networks cross-communicate and share many common gene targets. Myc's activity depends upon its heterodimerization with Max, whereas the Mlx Network requires that the Max-like factor Mlx associate with the Myc-like factors MondoA or ChREBP. The current work demonstrates that body-wide Mlx inactivation, like that of Myc, accelerates numerous aging-related phenotypes pertaining to body habitus and metabolism. The deregulation of numerous aging-related Myc target gene sets is also accelerated. Among other functions, these gene sets often regulate ribosomal and mitochondrial structure and function, genomic stability, and aging. Whereas "MycKO" mice have an extended lifespan because of a lower cancer incidence, "MlxKO" mice have normal lifespans and a higher cancer incidence. Like Myc, the expression of Mlx, MondoA, and ChREBP and their control over their target genes deteriorate with age in both mice and humans. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of lifelong and balanced cross-talk between the two networks to maintain proper function and regulation of the many factors that can affect normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Taylor Stevens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Alexander Roberts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Clinton Van't Land
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
- The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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Yoo A, Ahn J, Seo HD, Hahm J, Kim MJ, Jung CH, Ha TY. Gracilaria chorda attenuates obesity-related muscle wasting through activation of SIRT1/PGC1α in skeletal muscle of mice. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5077-5086. [PMID: 39055231 PMCID: PMC11266886 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gracilaria chorda (GC) is a red algal species that is primarily consumed in Asia. Here, we investigated the effect of GC on obesity-related skeletal muscle wasting. Furthermore, elucidating its impact on the activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) constituted a critical aspect in understanding the underlying mechanism of action. In this study, 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce obesity, then continued on the HFD for another 8 weeks while orally administered GC. GC decreased ectopic fat accumulation in skeletal muscle and increased muscle weight, size, and function in obese mice. Furthermore, GC reduced skeletal muscle atrophy and increased hypertrophy in mice. We hypothesized that the activation of SIRT1/PGC1α by GC regulates skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. We observed that GC increased the expression of SIRT1 and PGC1α in skeletal muscle of mice and in C2C12 cells, which increased mitochondrial function and biogenesis. In addition, when C2C12 cells were treated with the SIRT1-specific inhibitor EX-527, no changes were observed in the protein levels of SIRT1 and PGC1α in the GC-treated C2C12 cells. Therefore, GC attenuated obesity-related muscle wasting by improving mitochondrial function and biogenesis through the activation of SIRT1/PGC1α in the skeletal muscle of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyoung Yoo
- Division of Food Functionality ResearchKorea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunKorea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality ResearchKorea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunKorea
- Division of Food BiotechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Hyo Deok Seo
- Division of Food Functionality ResearchKorea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunKorea
| | - Jeong‐Hoon Hahm
- Division of Food Functionality ResearchKorea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunKorea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality ResearchKorea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunKorea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality ResearchKorea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunKorea
- Division of Food BiotechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality ResearchKorea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunKorea
- Division of Food BiotechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Pan Y, Li M, Niu Y, Zhang T, Sun H, Zhou S, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu C, Ma Y, Guo Y, Wang L. Fatty infiltration in the musculoskeletal system: pathological mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1406046. [PMID: 39006365 PMCID: PMC11241459 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty infiltration denotes the anomalous accrual of adipocytes in non-adipose tissue, thereby generating toxic substances with the capacity to impede the ordinary physiological functions of various organs. With aging, the musculoskeletal system undergoes pronounced degenerative alterations, prompting heightened scrutiny regarding the contributory role of fatty infiltration in its pathophysiology. Several studies have demonstrated that fatty infiltration affects the normal metabolism of the musculoskeletal system, leading to substantial tissue damage. Nevertheless, a definitive and universally accepted generalization concerning the comprehensive effects of fatty infiltration on the musculoskeletal system remains elusive. As a result, this review summarizes the characteristics of different types of adipose tissue, the pathological mechanisms associated with fatty infiltration in bone, muscle, and the entirety of the musculoskeletal system, examines relevant clinical diseases, and explores potential therapeutic modalities. This review is intended to give researchers a better understanding of fatty infiltration and to contribute new ideas to the prevention and treatment of clinical musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalan Pan
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Nursing Intervention Laboratory of Chronic Disease Key Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianchi Zhang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Huishan Hospital of Xinglin College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmin Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengjie Wu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng TCM Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Chinese Medicine Centre (International Collaboration between Western Sydney University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Yu W, Yao Y, Ye N, Zhao Y, Ye Z, Wei W, Zhang L, Chen J. The myokine CCL5 recruits subcutaneous preadipocytes and promotes intramuscular fat deposition in obese mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1320-C1333. [PMID: 38497114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00591.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) refers to the lipid stored in skeletal muscle tissue. The number and size of intramuscular adipocytes are the primary factors that regulate IMF content. Intramuscular adipocytes can be derived from either in situ or ectopic migration. In this study, it was discovered that the regulation of IMF levels is achieved through the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5)/chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) pathway by modulating adipocyte migration. In coculture experiments, C2C12 myotubes were more effective in promoting the migration of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes than C2C12 myoblasts, along with increasing CCL5. Correspondingly, overexpressing the CCR5, one of the receptors of CCL5, in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes facilitated their migration. Conversely, the application of the CCL5/CCR5 inhibitor, MARAVIROC (MVC), reduced this migration. In vivo, transplanted experiments of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) provided evidence that injecting recombinant CCL5 (rCCL5) into skeletal muscle promotes the migration of subcutaneous adipocytes to the skeletal muscle. The level of CCL5 in skeletal muscle increased with obesity. Blocking the CCL5/CCR5 axis by MVC inhibited IMF deposition, whereas elevated skeletal muscle CCL5 promoted IMF deposition in obese mice. These results establish a link between the IMF and the CCL5/CCR5 pathway, which could have a potential application for modulating IMF through adipocyte migration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY C2C12 myotubes attract 3T3-L1 preadipocyte migration regulated by the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5)/ chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) axis. High levels of skeletal muscle-specific CCL5 promote the migration of subcutaneous adipocytes to skeletal muscle and induce the intramuscular fat (IMF) content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensai Yu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, NanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, NanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Nanwei Ye
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, NanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuelei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, NanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Ye
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, NanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, NanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, NanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, NanjingPeople's Republic of China
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Takahashi Y, Fujita H, Seino Y, Hattori S, Hidaka S, Miyakawa T, Suzuki A, Waki H, Yabe D, Seino Y, Yamada Y. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor antagonism suppresses intramuscular adipose tissue accumulation and ameliorates sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2703-2718. [PMID: 37897141 PMCID: PMC10751449 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) formation derived from muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) has been recognized as a pathological feature of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore whether genetic and pharmacological gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonism suppresses IMAT accumulation and ameliorates sarcopenia in mice. METHODS Whole body composition, grip strength, skeletal muscle weight, tibialis anterior (TA) muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and TA muscle IMAT area were measured in young and aged male C57BL/6 strain GIP receptor (Gipr)-knockout (Gipr-/- ) and wild-type (Gipr+/+ ) mice. FAPs isolated from lower limb muscles of 12-week-old Gipr+/+ mice were cultured with GIP, and their differentiation into mature adipocytes was examined. Furthermore, TA muscle IMAT area and fibre CSA were measured in untreated Gipr-/- mice and GIP receptor antagonist-treated Gipr+/+ mice after glycerol injection into the TA muscles. RESULTS Body composition analysis revealed that 104-week-old Gipr-/- mice had a greater proportion of lean tissue mass (73.7 ± 1.2% vs. 66.5 ± 2.7%, P < 0.05 vs. 104-week-old Gipr+/+ mice) and less adipose tissue mass (13.1 ± 1.3% vs. 19.4 ± 2.6%, P < 0.05 vs. 104-week-old Gipr+/+ mice). Eighty-four-week-old Gipr-/- mice exhibited increases in grip strength (P < 0.05), weights of TA (P < 0.05), soleus (P < 0.01), gastrocnemius (P < 0.05) and quadriceps femoris (P < 0.01) muscles, and average TA muscle fibre CSA (P < 0.05) along with a reduction in TA muscle IMAT area assessed by the number of perilipin-positive cells (P < 0.0001) compared with 84-week-old Gipr+/+ mice. Oil Red O staining analysis revealed 1.6- and 1.7-fold increased adipogenesis in muscle FAPs cultured with 10 and 100 nM of GIP (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 vs. 0 nM of GIP, respectively). Furthermore, both untreated Gipr-/- mice and GIP receptor antagonist-treated Gipr+/+ mice for 14 days after glycerol injection into the TA muscles at 12 weeks of age showed reduced TA muscle IMAT area (1.39 ± 0.38% and 2.65 ± 0.36% vs. 6.54 ± 1.30%, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 vs. untreated Gipr+/+ mice, respectively) and increased average TA muscle fibre CSA (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 vs. untreated Gipr+/+ mice, respectively). CONCLUSIONS GIP promotes the differentiation of muscle FAPs into adipocytes and its receptor antagonism suppresses IMAT accumulation and promotes muscle regeneration. Pharmacological GIP receptor antagonism may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Shihomi Hidaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hironori Waki
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational ResearchGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismKansai Electric Power HospitalOsakaJapan
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Wang H, Stevens T, Lu J, Roberts A, Land CV, Muzumdar R, Gong Z, Vockley J, Prochownik EV. The Myc-Like Mlx Network Impacts Aging and Metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.26.568749. [PMID: 38076995 PMCID: PMC10705233 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.26.568749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The "Mlx" and "Myc" Networks share many common gene targets. Just as Myc's activity depends upon its heterodimerization with Max, the Mlx Network requires that the Max-like factor Mlx associate with the Myc-like factors MondoA or ChREBP. We show here that body-wide Mlx inactivation, like that of Myc, accelerates numerous aging-related phenotypes pertaining to body habitus and metabolism. The deregulation of numerous aging-related Myc target gene sets is also accelerated. Among other functions, these gene sets often regulate ribosomal and mitochondrial structure and function, genomic stability and aging. Whereas "MycKO" mice have an extended lifespan because of a lower cancer incidence, "MlxKO" mice have normal lifespans and a somewhat higher cancer incidence. Like Myc, Mlx, MondoA and ChREBP expression and that of their target genes, deteriorate with age in both mice and humans, underscoring the importance of life-long and balanced cross-talk between the two Networks to maintain normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Taylor Stevens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Alexander Roberts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC
- The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA. 15224
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Lee JY, Shin SK, Bae HR, Ji Y, Park HJ, Kwon EY. The animal protein hydrolysate attenuates sarcopenia via the muscle-gut axis in aged mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115604. [PMID: 37804811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related muscle loss and dysfunction, sarcopenia, is a common condition that results in poor quality of life in the elderly. Protein supplementation is a potential strategy for preventing sarcopenia and increasing muscle synthesis, but the effectiveness of protein type and level in improving sarcopenia is not well understood. In this study, we compared animal protein hydrolysate (APH), which has a high protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and low molecular weight, with casein as a control group to investigate the effects and mechanisms of sarcopenia improvement, with a particular focus on the gut-muscle axis. APH supplementation improved age-related declines in muscle mass, grip strength, hind leg thickness, muscle protein level, muscle fiber size, and myokine levels, compared to the control group. In particular, levels of plasma cortisol, muscle lipids, and muscle collagen were markedly reduced by APH supplements in the aged mice. Furthermore, APH efficiently recovered the concentration of total SCFAs including acetic, propionic, and isovaleric acids decreased in aged mice. Finally, APH induced changes in gut microbiota and increased production of SCFAs, which were positively correlated with muscle protein level and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, APH can help to inhibit age-related sarcopenia by increasing muscle synthesis, inhibiting muscle breakdown, and potentially modulating the gut-muscle axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyong R Bae
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- HEM Pharma, Changnyong-daero, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Park
- Bio Convergence Testing Center, Daegu Haany University, 1, Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-Do 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Schütze K, Schopp M, Fairchild TJ, Needham M. Old muscle, new tricks: a clinician perspective on sarcopenia and where to next. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:441-449. [PMID: 37501556 PMCID: PMC10487352 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review offers a contemporary clinical approach to the recognition, prevention and management of sarcopenia, and discusses recent clinically relevant advances in the aetiopathogenesis of muscle ageing that may lead to future therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS The key recent directions for sarcopenia are in the diagnosis, understanding molecular mechanisms and management. Regarding the recognition of the condition, it has become increasingly clear that different definitions hamper progress in understanding. Therefore, the Global Leadership in Sarcopenia has been established in 2022 to develop a universally accepted definition. Moreover, substantial work is occurring to understand the various roles and contribution of inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation on skeletal muscle function and ageing. Finally, the role of resistance-based exercise regimes has been continually emphasised. However, the role of protein supplementation and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are still under debate, and current clinical trials are underway. SUMMARY With the global ageing of our population, there is increasing emphasis on maintaining good health. Maintenance of skeletal muscle strength and function are key to preventing frailty, morbidity and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Schütze
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle
| | - Madeline Schopp
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle
| | - Timothy J. Fairchild
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Innovative Therapeutics
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University
| | - Merrilee Needham
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Innovative Therapeutics
- Perron Institute of Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands
- Department of Neurology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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9
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de Lange P, Lombardi A, Silvestri E, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Iervolino S, Petito G, Senese R, Lanni A, Moreno M. Physiological Approaches Targeting Cellular and Mitochondrial Pathways Underlying Adipose Organ Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11676. [PMID: 37511435 PMCID: PMC10380998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ is involved in many metabolic functions, ranging from the production of endocrine factors to the regulation of thermogenic processes. Aging is a natural process that affects the physiology of the adipose organ, leading to metabolic disorders, thus strongly impacting healthy aging. Cellular senescence modifies many functional aspects of adipose tissue, leading to metabolic alterations through defective adipogenesis, inflammation, and aberrant adipocytokine production, and in turn, it triggers systemic inflammation and senescence, as well as insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues, leading to premature declined physiological features. In the various aging fat depots, senescence involves a multiplicity of cell types, including mature adipocytes and immune, endothelial, and progenitor cells that are aging, highlighting their involvement in the loss of metabolic flexibility, one of the common features of aging-related metabolic disorders. Since mitochondrial stress represents a key trigger of cellular senescence, and senescence leads to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria with impaired dynamics and hindered homeostasis, this review focuses on the beneficial potential of targeting mitochondria, so that strategies can be developed to manage adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of age-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Stefania Iervolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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10
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Jennings T, Janquart M, Washak C, Duddleston K, Kurtz C. What's gut got to do with it? The role of the microbiota and inflammation in the development of adiposity and obesity. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00029. [PMID: 37492183 PMCID: PMC10364962 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by increased adiposity, ie, the accumulation of lipids and the growth of adipose tissue. In this mini-review, we explore the important role of the gut microbiota and immune system in the development of adiposity. Dysbiosis of the microbiota leads to increased permeability of the gut barrier and bacterial products in the bloodstream, which triggers metabolic inflammation of adipose tissue, muscle, and liver. Inflammation in these highly metabolic organs exacerbates adiposity and contributes to the development of comorbidities associated with obesity. Studies in animal models that manipulate the microbiota and/or inflammation have shown promise in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Mallory Janquart
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Catherine Washak
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Khrystyne Duddleston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Courtney Kurtz
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
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11
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Tore EC, Eussen SJPM, Bastani NE, Dagnelie PC, Elshorbagy AK, Grootswagers P, Kožich V, Olsen T, Refsum H, Retterstøl K, Stehouwer CDA, Stolt ETK, Vinknes KJ, van Greevenbroek MMJ. The Associations of Habitual Intake of Sulfur Amino Acids, Proteins and Diet Quality with Plasma Sulfur Amino Acid Concentrations: The Maastricht Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:2027-2040. [PMID: 37164267 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma sulfur amino acids (SAAs), i.e., methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine (tHcy), cystathionine, total glutathione (tGSH), and taurine, are potential risk factors for obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. However, except for plasma tHcy, little is known about how dietary intake modifies plasma SAA concentrations. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the intake of SAAs and proteins or diet quality is associated with plasma SAAs. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional subset of The Maastricht Study (n = 1145, 50.5% men, 61 interquartile range: [55, 66] y, 22.5% with prediabetes and 34.3% with type 2 diabetes) were investigated. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The intake of SAAs (total, methionine, and cysteine) and proteins (total, animal, and plant) was estimated from the Dutch and Danish food composition tables. Diet quality was assessed using the Dutch Healthy Diet Index, the Mediterranean Diet Score, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score. Fasting plasma SAAs were measured by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) (LC/MS-MS). Associations were investigated with multiple linear regressions with tertiles of dietary intake measures (main exposures) and z-standardized plasma SAAs (outcomes). RESULTS Intake of total SAAs and total proteins was positively associated with plasma tCys and cystathionine. Associations were stronger in women and in those with normal body weight. Higher intake of cysteine and plant proteins was associated with lower plasma tHcy and higher cystathionine. Higher methionine intake was associated with lower plasma tGSH, whereas cysteine intake was positively associated with tGSH. Higher intake of methionine and animal proteins was associated with higher plasma taurine. Better diet quality was consistently related to lower plasma tHcy concentrations, but it was not associated with the other SAAs. CONCLUSION Targeted dietary modifications might be effective in modifying plasma concentrations of tCys, tHcy, and cystathionine, which have been associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Tore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Amany K Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pol Grootswagers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Emma T K Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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12
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Wei S, Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Ryu D, Gariani K. Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185221. [PMID: 37455897 PMCID: PMC10344359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in the same individual, characterized by of the co-presence of body fat accumulation and muscle loss. This condition is currently a major concern as it is associated with frailty and disabilities such as cardiovascular disease, fractures, dementia, cancer, and increased all-cause mortality. Particularly, older individuals remain at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Progress at several levels is needed to improve the global prognostic outlook for this condition, including the elaboration and implementation of a more uniform definition that may favor the identification and specification of prevalence by age group. Furthermore, improvements in the understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity may lead to the development of more specific therapeutic interventions to improve prognosis. We reviewed the knowledge on sarcopenic obesity and its associations with cardiovascular diseases and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wei
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Sato M, Fujita H, Yokoyama H, Mikada A, Horikawa Y, Takahashi Y, Yamada Y, Waki H, Narita T. Relationships among Postprandial Plasma Active GLP-1 and GIP Excursions, Skeletal Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Either Miglitol, Sitagliptin, or Their Combination: A Secondary Analysis of the MASTER Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093104. [PMID: 37176545 PMCID: PMC10178987 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial "the MASTER study" and demonstrated that alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin modified postprandial plasma excursions of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1) and active gastric inhibitory polypeptide (aGIP), and miglitol treatment decreased body fat mass in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the details regarding the relationships among postprandial plasma aGLP-1 and aGIP excursions, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass are unclear. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of the relationships among skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), total body fat mass index (TBFMI), and the incremental area under the curves (iAUC) of plasma aGLP-1 and aGIP excursions following mixed meal ingestion at baseline and after 24-week add-on treatment with either miglitol alone, sitagliptin alone, or their combination in T2D patients. RESULTS SMI was not changed after the 24-week treatment with miglitol and/or sitagliptin. TBFMI was reduced and the rates of aGIP-iAUC change were lowered in the two groups treated with miglitol, although their correlations did not reach statistical significance. We observed a positive correlation between the rates of aGIP-iAUC and TBFMI changes and a negative correlation between the rates of TBFMI and SMI changes in T2D patients treated with sitagliptin alone whose rates of aGIP-iAUC change were elevated. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, although T2D patients treated with miglitol and/or sitagliptin did not show altered SMI after 24-week treatment, the current study suggests that there are possible interrelationships among postprandial plasma aGIP excursion modified by sitagliptin, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Mikada
- Gastroenterology and Diabetes Unit, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote 013-8610, Japan
| | - Yohei Horikawa
- Gastroenterology and Diabetes Unit, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote 013-8610, Japan
| | - Yuya Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Hironori Waki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takuma Narita
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Akita Higashi Medical Clinic, Akita 010-0041, Japan
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Cui CY, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. Macrophage Involvement in Aging-Associated Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091214. [PMID: 37174614 PMCID: PMC10177543 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a dynamic organ composed of contractile muscle fibers, connective tissues, blood vessels and nerve endings. Its main function is to provide motility to the body, but it is also deeply involved in systemic metabolism and thermoregulation. The skeletal muscle frequently encounters microinjury or trauma, which is primarily repaired by the coordinated actions of muscle stem cells (satellite cells, SCs), fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), and multiple immune cells, particularly macrophages. During aging, however, the capacity of skeletal muscle to repair and regenerate declines, likely contributing to sarcopenia, an age-related condition defined as loss of muscle mass and function. Recent studies have shown that resident macrophages in skeletal muscle are highly heterogeneous, and their phenotypes shift during aging, which may exacerbate skeletal muscle deterioration and inefficient regeneration. In this review, we highlight recent insight into the heterogeneity and functional roles of macrophages in skeletal muscle regeneration, particularly as it declines with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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TNF-α contributes to sarcopenia through caspase-8/caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:76. [PMID: 36823174 PMCID: PMC9950087 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has become a leading cause of disability and mortality in the elderly. It has been reported that programmed cell death (PCD) is associated with the development of sarcopenia that is characterized by reduction of muscle fiber size and number. TNF-α is also validated to play a prominent role in sarcopenia through its complex signaling pathways including cell death signaling. However, it is still unclear whether TNF-α contributes to sarcopenia by mediating pyroptosis, one type of PCD. Here, we first established naturally aged mice with sarcopenia model and confirmed an inflammatory state represented by TNF-α in aged mice. Evidence of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and activation of apoptotic caspase-8/-3 were also found in skeletal muscle cells of aged mice with sarcopenia. We demonstrated that TNF-α triggered GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in myotubes through activating caspase-8 and caspase-3 by using caspase-8 and caspase-3 inhibitors. Comparing the activation of caspase-8 and GSDME expression between TNF Complex IIa and TNF Complex IIb, TNF-α was found to be more inclined to assemble TNF Complex IIb in activating caspase-8 and triggering pyroptosis. Moreover, pyroptotic myotubes were validated to result in decreased expression of MHC1 and finally loss of myotubes by knockdown of GSDME. Our work reveals a novel mechanism that TNF-ɑ/caspase-8/caspase-3/GSDME signaling-mediated pyroptosis contributes to the development of sarcopenia. Caspase-3/GSDME signaling-mediated pyroptosis may be a promising therapeutic target for sarcopenia.
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16
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Genome Editing to Abrogate Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:157-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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17
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Associations between plasma sulfur amino acids and specific fat depots in two independent cohorts: CODAM and The Maastricht Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:891-904. [PMID: 36322288 PMCID: PMC9941263 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sulfur amino acids (SAAs) have been associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. We investigated whether plasma SAAs (methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine, cystathionine and total glutathione) are related to specific fat depots. METHODS We examined cross-sectional subsets from the CODAM cohort (n = 470, 61.3% men, median [IQR]: 67 [61, 71] years) and The Maastricht Study (DMS; n = 371, 53.4% men, 63 [55, 68] years), enriched with (pre)diabetic individuals. SAAs were measured in fasting EDTA plasma with LC-MS/MS. Outcomes comprised BMI, skinfolds, waist circumference (WC), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, DMS), body composition, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (CODAM: ultrasound, DMS: MRI) and liver fat (estimated, in CODAM, or MRI-derived, in DMS, liver fat percentage and fatty liver disease). Associations were examined with linear or logistic regressions adjusted for relevant confounders with z-standardized primary exposures and outcomes. RESULTS Methionine was associated with all measures of liver fat, e.g., fatty liver disease [CODAM: OR = 1.49 (95% CI 1.19, 1.88); DMS: OR = 1.51 (1.09, 2.14)], but not with other fat depots. tCys was associated with overall obesity, e.g., BMI [CODAM: β = 0.19 (0.09, 0.28); DMS: β = 0.24 (0.14, 0.34)]; peripheral adiposity, e.g., biceps and triceps skinfolds [CODAM: β = 0.15 (0.08, 0.23); DMS: β = 0.20 (0.12, 0.29)]; and central adiposity, e.g., WC [CODAM: β = 0.16 (0.08, 0.25); DMS: β = 0.17 (0.08, 0.27)]. Associations of tCys with VAT and liver fat were inconsistent. Other SAAs were not associated with body fat. CONCLUSION Plasma concentrations of methionine and tCys showed distinct associations with different fat depots, with similar strengths in the two cohorts.
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18
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Cheng KYK, Bao Z, Long Y, Liu C, Huang T, Cui C, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Sarcopenia and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:95-120. [PMID: 37120466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ageing is a major health challenge as muscles and bones constitute around 55-60% of body weight. Ageing muscles will result in sarcopenia that is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes. In recent years, a few consensus panels provide new definitions for sarcopenia. It was officially recognized as a disease in 2016 with an ICD-10-CM disease code, M62.84, in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). With the new definitions, there are many studies emerging to investigate the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, exploring new interventions to treat sarcopenia and evaluating the efficacy of combination treatments for sarcopenia. The scope of this chapter is to summarize and appraise the evidence in terms of (1) clinical signs, symptoms, screening, and diagnosis, (2) pathogenesis of sarcopenia with emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction, intramuscular fat infiltration and neuromuscular junction deterioration, and (3) current treatments with regard to physical exercises and nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wang BYH, Hsiao AWT, Wong N, Chen YF, Lee CW, Lee WYW. Is dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy an alternative model for naturally aged sarcopenia model? J Orthop Translat 2022; 39:12-20. [PMID: 36605620 PMCID: PMC9793312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary sarcopenia is usually known as age-related skeletal muscle loss; however, other factors like endocrine, lifestyle and inflammation can also cause muscle loss, known as secondary sarcopenia. Although many studies have used different sarcopenia animal models for exploring the underlying mechanism and therapeutic approaches for sarcopenia, limited study has provided evidence of the relevance of these animal models. This study aims to investigate the similarity and difference in muscle qualities between primary and secondary sarcopenia mice models, using naturally aged mice and dexamethasone-induced mice. Methods 21-month-old mice were used as naturally aged primary sarcopenia mice and 3-month-old mice received daily intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (20 mg/ kg body weight) for 10 days were used as secondary sarcopenia model. This study provided measurements for muscle mass and functions, including Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning, handgrip strength test and treadmill running to exhaustion test. Besides, muscle contraction, muscle fibre type measurements and gene expression were also performed to provide additional information on muscle qualities. Results The results suggest two sarcopenia animal models shared a comparable decrease in forelimb lean mass, muscle fibre size, grip strength and muscle contraction ability. Besides, the upregulation of protein degradation genes was also observed in two sarcopenia animal models. However, only primary sarcopenia mice were identified with an early stage of mtDNA deletion. Conclusion Collectively, this study evaluated that the dexamethasone-induced mouse model could be served as an alternative model for primary sarcopenia, according to the comparable muscle mass and functional changes. However, whether dexamethasone-induced mice can be used as an animal model when studying the molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia needs to be carefully evaluated. The translational potential of this article The purpose of sarcopenia research is to investigate appropriate treatments for reversing the loss of skeletal muscle mass and functions. Using animal models for the preclinical study could predict the safety and efficacy of the treatments. This study compared the typical age-related sarcopenia mice model and dexamethasone-induced secondary sarcopenia mice to provide evidence of the pathological and functional changes in the mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Yu-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, CUHK InnoHK Centres, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Allen Wei-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nicodemus Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, CUHK InnoHK Centres, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan,Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan,International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,Corresponding author.
| | - Wayne Yuk Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, CUHK InnoHK Centres, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Yue B, Wang H, Cai X, Wang J, Chai Z, Peng W, Shu S, Fu C, Zhong J. Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12411. [PMID: 36293266 PMCID: PMC9604254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its prominent secretory activity, adipose tissue (AT) is now considered a major player in the crosstalk between organs, especially with skeletal muscle. In which, exosomes are effective carriers for the intercellular material transfer of a wide range of molecules that can influence a series of physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells. Considering their underlying roles, the regulatory mechanisms of adipose-secreted exosomes and their cellular crosstalk with skeletal muscle have received great attention in the field. In this review, we describe what is currently known of adipose-secreted exosomes, as well as their applications in skeletal muscle pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Zhixin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
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21
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Koons B, Anderson MR, Smith PJ, Greenland JR, Singer JP. The Intersection of Aging and Lung Transplantation: its Impact on Transplant Evaluation, Outcomes, and Clinical Care. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2022; 9:149-159. [PMID: 36341000 PMCID: PMC9632682 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-022-00365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Older adults (age ≥ 65 years) are the fastest growing age group undergoing lung transplantation. Further, international consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates no longer suggest a fixed upper age limit. Although carefully selected older adults can derive great benefit, understanding which older adults will do well after transplant with improved survival and health-related qualiy of life is key to informed decision-making. Herein, we review the epidemiology of aging in lung transplantation and its impact on outcomes, highlight selected physiological measures that may be informative when evaluating and managing older lung transplant patients, and identify directions for future research. Recent Findings In general, listing and transplanting older, sicker patients has contributed to worse clinical outcomes and greater healthcare use. Emerging evidence suggest that measures of physiological age, such as frailty, body composition, and neurocognitive and psychosocial function, may better identify risk for poor transplant outcomes than chronlogical age. Summary The evidence base to inform transplant decision-making and improvements in care for older adults is small but growing. Multipronged efforts at the intersection of aging and lung transplantation are needed to improve the clinical and patient centered outcomes for this large and growing cohort of patients. Future research should focus on identifying novel and ideally modifiable risk factors for poor outcomes specific to older adults, better approaches to measuring physiological aging (e.g., frailty, body composition, neurocognitive and psychosocial function), and the underlying mechanisms of physiological aging. Finally, interventions that can improve clinical and patient centered outcomes for older adults are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Koons
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Driscoll Hall Room 350, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Michaela R. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Neurosciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John R. Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Liang Z, Zhang T, Liu H, Li Z, Peng L, Wang C, Wang T. Inflammaging: The ground for sarcopenia? Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111931. [PMID: 35985553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease that occurs most commonly in the elderly population, contributing to increased costs and hospitalization. Exercise and nutritional therapy have been proven to be effective for sarcopenia, and some drugs can also alleviate declines in muscle mass and function due to sarcopenia. However, there is no specific pharmacological treatment for sarcopenia at present. This review will mainly discuss the relationship between inflammaging and sarcopenia. The increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines with aging may be because of cellular senescence, immunosenescence, alterations in adipose tissue, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and gut microbes due to aging. These sources of inflammaging can impact the sarcopenia process through direct or indirect pathways. Conversely, sarcopenia can also aggravate the process of inflammaging, creating a vicious cycle. Targeting sources of inflammaging can influence muscle function, which could be considered a therapeutic target for sarcopenia. Moreover, not only proinflammatory cytokines but also anti-inflammatory cytokines can influence muscle and inflammation and participate in the progression of sarcopenia. This review focuses on the effects of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, which can be detected in plasma. Therefore, clearing chronic inflammation by targeting proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) and the inflammatory pathway (JAK/STAT, autophagy, NF-κB) may be effective in treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Liang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Health Park, CF14 4XN Wales, UK
| | - Honghong Liu
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO.37 Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lihong Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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23
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Jeon OH, Mehdipour M, Gil TH, Kang M, Aguirre NW, Robinson ZR, Kato C, Etienne J, Lee HG, Alimirah F, Walavalkar V, Desprez PY, Conboy MJ, Campisi J, Conboy IM. Systemic induction of senescence in young mice after single heterochronic blood exchange. Nat Metab 2022; 4:995-1006. [PMID: 35902645 PMCID: PMC9945470 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTACT Ageing is the largest risk factor for many chronic diseases. Studies of heterochronic parabiosis, substantiated by blood exchange and old plasma dilution, show that old-age-related factors are systemically propagated and have pro-geronic effects in young mice. However, the underlying mechanisms how bloodborne factors promote ageing remain largely unknown. Here, using heterochronic blood exchange in male mice, we show that aged mouse blood induces cell and tissue senescence in young animals after one single exchange. This induction of senescence is abrogated if old animals are treated with senolytic drugs before blood exchange, therefore attenuating the pro-geronic influence of old blood on young mice. Hence, cellular senescence is neither simply a response to stress and damage that increases with age, nor a chronological cell-intrinsic phenomenon. Instead, senescence quickly and robustly spreads to young mice from old blood. Clearing senescence cells that accumulate with age rejuvenates old circulating blood and improves the health of multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hee Jeon
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Melod Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tae-Hwan Gil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minha Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Zachery R Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Kato
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jessy Etienne
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hyo Gyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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24
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Lyu Q, Wen Y, He B, Zhang X, Chen J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Xu L, Xiao Q, Deng H. The ameliorating effects of metformin on disarrangement ongoing in gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic and obese sarcopenic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166508. [PMID: 35905940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and obese sarcopenia are increasingly prevalent chronic diseases with multifactorial pathogenesis, and no approved therapeutic drug to date. In the established sarcopenic mice models, muscle weakness, ectopic lipid deposition, and inflammatory responses in both serum and gastrocnemius muscle were observed, which were even deteriorated in obese sarcopenic models. With metformin intervention for 5 months, metformin exhibited benefits and restoring effects on gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic mice, but less effective on that of obese sarcopenic mice, as reflected in the increased percentage of muscle mass and enlarged fiber cross-sectional area, enhanced grip strength and exercise capacities, as well as the ameliorated ectopic lipid deposition and partially restored level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1α, which may be via the activation of phospho-AMPKα (Thr172). The significant up-regulated mRNA and protein level of lipolysis related proteins like hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) may contribute to the ameliorated ectopic lipid deposition with metformin intervention. The uptake of free fatty acid may be also inhibited in obese sarcopenic mice with metformin administration, as reflected in down-regulated mRNA and protein level of fatty acid transporter CD36. Furthermore, NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of metformin. These findings suggest that metformin treatment may be conducive to the prevention of age-related sarcopenia by regulating lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, i.e. enhanced lipolysis and attenuated hyper-inflammatory responses, which may be AMPK-dependent processes. Moreover, high-fat diet would aggravate the damage to ageing in skeletal muscles and reduced their reactivity to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lyu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclinicum, J8:30, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclinicum, J8:30, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingjie Xu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huisheng Deng
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
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25
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Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity-Related Indices Are Associated with Rapid Renal Function Decline in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071744. [PMID: 35885048 PMCID: PMC9312807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid decline in renal function can cause many complications, and therefore it is important to detect associated risk factors. Few studies have evaluated the associations among obesity-related indices and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with renal function decline. This longitudinal study aimed to explore these relationships in a large cohort of Taiwanese participants. The studied obesity-related indices were waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), A body shape index (ABSI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI) and abdominal volume index (AVI). We included 122,068 participants in the baseline study, of whom 27,033 were followed for a median of four years. The baseline prevalence of MetS was 17.7%. Multivariable analysis showed that the participants with MetS and high VAI, WHtR, WHR, LAP, CI, BRI, BMI, BAI, AVI, and ABSI values were significantly associated with a high baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (all p < 0.001). In addition, the participants with MetS (p < 0.001), high WHtR (p = 0.007), low LAP (p < 0.001), high BRI (p = 0.002), high CI (p = 0.002), high AVI (p = 0.001), high VAI (p = 0.017), and high ABSI (p = 0.013) were significantly associated with a low △eGFR, indicating a rapid decline in renal function. These results showed associations between MetS and high values of obesity-related indices except LAP with high baseline eGFR and rapid decline in kidney function. These findings suggest that screening for MetS and obesity may help to slow the decline in renal function in high-risk populations.
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26
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Takahashi F, Hashimoto Y, Kaji A, Sakai R, Kawate Y, Okamura T, Okada H, Kitagawa N, Nakanishi N, Majima S, Osaka T, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Asano M, Hamaguchi M, Yamazaki M, Fukui M. Dietary Fiber Intake Is Related to Skeletal Muscle Mass, Body Fat Mass, and Muscle-to-Fat Ratio Among People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881877. [PMID: 35711555 PMCID: PMC9194895 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) among men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods This cross-sectional study involved 260 men and 200 women with T2D. Percent skeletal muscle mass (%) or percent body fat mass (%) was calculated as (appendicular muscle mass [kg] or body fat mass [kg]/body weight [kg]) × 100. MFR was calculated as appendicular muscle mass divided by body fat mass. Information about dietary fiber intake (g/day) was obtained from a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Results Dietary fiber intake was correlated with percent body fat mass (r = -0.163, p = 0.021), percent skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.176, p = 0.013), and MFR (r = 0.157, p = 0.026) in women. However, dietary fiber intake was not correlated with percent body fat mass (r = -0.100, p = 0.108), percent skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.055, p = 0.376), and MFR (r = 0.065, p = 0.295) in men. After adjusting for covariates, dietary fiber intake was correlated with percent body fat mass (β = 0.229, p = 0.009), percent skeletal muscle mass (β = 0.364, p < 0.001), and MFR (β = 0.245, p = 0.006) in women. Further, dietary fiber intake was related to percent skeletal muscle mass (β = 0.221, p = 0.008) and tended to be correlated with percent body fat mass (β = 0.148, p = 0.071) in men. Conclusion Dietary fiber intake was correlated with skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and MFR among women with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawate
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kitagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Diabetology, Kameoka Municipal Hospital, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Majima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Osaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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27
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Adipose-derived exosomes block muscular stem cell proliferation in aged mouse by delivering miRNA Let-7d-3p that targets transcription factor HMGA2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102098. [PMID: 35679898 PMCID: PMC9257422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aging-associated attenuation of muscular volume and strength and is the major cause of frailty and falls in elderly individuals. The number of individuals with sarcopenia is rapidly increasing worldwide; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Sarcopenia often copresents with obesity, and some patients with sarcopenia exhibit accumulation of peri-organ or intra-organ adipose tissue as ectopic fat deposition, including atrophied skeletal muscle. In this study, we showed that transplantation of the perimuscular adipose tissue (PMAT) to the hindlimb thigh muscles of young mice decreased the number of integrin α7/CD29-double positive muscular stem/progenitor cells and that the reaction was mediated by PMAT-derived exosomes. We also found that the inhibition of cell proliferation was induced by Let-7d-3p miRNA that targets HMGA2, which is an important transcription factor for stem cell self-renewal, in muscular stem/progenitor cells and the composite molecular reaction in aged adipocytes. Reduction of Let-7 miRNA repressor Lin28 A/B and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling can lead to the accumulation of Let-7d-3p in the exosomes of aged PMAT. These findings suggest a novel crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in the development of aging-associated muscular atrophy and indicate that adipose tissue–derived miRNAs may play a key role in sarcopenia.
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28
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Beier UH, Baker DJ, Baur JA. Thermogenic T cells: a cell therapy for obesity? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1085-C1094. [PMID: 35476503 PMCID: PMC9169824 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00034.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a widespread public health problem with profound medical consequences and its burden is increasing worldwide. Obesity causes significant morbidity and mortality and is associated with conditions including cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Conventional treatment options are insufficient, or in the case of bariatric surgery, quite invasive. The etiology of obesity is complex, but at its core is often a caloric imbalance with an inability to burn off enough calories to exceed caloric intake, resulting in storage. Interventions such as dieting often lead to decreased resting energy expenditure (REE), with a rebound in weight ("yo-yo effect" or weight cycling). Strategies that increase REE are attractive treatment options. Brown fat tissue engages in nonshivering thermogenesis whereby mitochondrial respiration is uncoupled from ATP production, increasing REE. Medications that replicate brown fat metabolism by mitochondrial uncoupling (e.g., 2,4-dinitrophenol) effectively promote weight loss but are limited by toxicity to a narrow therapeutic range. This review explores the possibility of a new therapeutic approach to engineer autologous T cells into acquiring a thermogenic phenotype like brown fat. Engineered autologous T cells have been used successfully for years in the treatment of cancers (chimeric antigen receptor T cells), and the principle of engineering T cells ex vivo and transferring them back to the patient is established. Engineering T cells to acquire a brown fat-like metabolism could increase REE without the risks of pharmacological mitochondrial uncoupling. These thermogenic T cells may increase basal metabolic rate and are therefore a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf H Beier
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Baker
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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29
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Bollen SE, Bass JJ, Fujita S, Wilkinson D, Hewison M, Atherton PJ. The Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110355. [PMID: 35595176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy and sarcopenia (the term given to the age-related decline in muscle mass and function), influence an individuals risk of falls, frailty, functional decline, and, ultimately, impaired quality of life. Vitamin D deficiency (low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3)) has been reported to impair muscle strength and increase risk of sarcopenia. The mechanisms that underpin the link between low 25(OH)D3 and sarcopenia are yet to be fully understood but several lines of evidence have highlighted the importance of both genomic and non-genomic effects of active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3)) and its nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), in skeletal muscle functioning. Studies in vitro have demonstrated a key role for the vitamin D/VDR axis in regulating biological processes central to sarcopenic muscle atrophy, such as proteolysis, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and adiposity. The aim of this review is to provide a mechanistic overview of the proposed mechanisms for the vitamin D/VDR axis in sarcopenic muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E Bollen
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Joseph J Bass
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daniel Wilkinson
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK.
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30
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Nunan E, Wright CL, Semola OA, Subramanian M, Balasubramanian P, Lovern PC, Fancher IS, Butcher JT. Obesity as a premature aging phenotype - implications for sarcopenic obesity. GeroScience 2022; 44:1393-1405. [PMID: 35471692 PMCID: PMC9213608 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging have both seen dramatic increases in prevalence throughout society. This review seeks to highlight common pathologies that present with obesity, along with the underlying risk factors, that have remarkable similarity to what is observed in the aged. These include skeletal muscle dysfunction (loss of quantity and quality), significant increases in adiposity, systemic alterations to autonomic dysfunction, reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability, increases in oxidant stress and inflammation, dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review is organized by the aforementioned indices and succinctly highlights literature that demonstrates similarities between the aged and obese phenotypes in both human and animal models. As aging is an inevitability and obesity prevalence is unlikely to significantly decrease in the near future, these two phenotypes will ultimately combine as a multidimensional syndrome (a pathology termed sarcopenic obesity). Whether the pre-mature aging indices accompanying obesity are additive or synergistic upon entering aging is not yet well defined, but the goal of this review is to illustrate the potential consequences of a double aged phenotype in sarcopenic obesity. Clinically, the modifiable risk factors could be targeted specifically in obesity to allow for increased health span in the aged and sarcopenic obese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Nunan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Carson L Wright
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Oluwayemisi A Semola
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Madhan Subramanian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pamela C Lovern
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ibra S Fancher
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Shin JE, Jeon SH, Lee SJ, Choung SY. The Administration of Panax Ginseng Berry Extract Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Sarcopenic Obesity in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091747. [PMID: 35565712 PMCID: PMC9099595 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and obesity are serious health problems that are highly related to several metabolic diseases. Sarcopenic obesity, a combined state of sarcopenia and obesity, results in higher risks of metabolic diseases and even mortality than sarcopenia or obesity alone. Therefore, the development of therapeutic agents for sarcopenic obesity is crucial. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks. Then, mice were administered with Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) for an additional 4 weeks, with continuous HFD intake. GBE significantly decreased the food efficiency ratio, serum lipid and insulin levels, adipose tissue weights, and adipocyte size. It significantly increased the grip strength, muscle masses, and myofiber cross-sectional area. It deactivated the protein kinase C (PKC) theta and zeta, resulting in activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, which is known to regulate muscle synthesis and degradation. Furthermore, it inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in the muscle tissue. GBE attenuated both obesity and sarcopenia. Thus, GBE is a potential agent to prevent or treat sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Shin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - So-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | | | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9198; Fax: +82-2-961-0372
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Atallah N, Gaudichon C, Boulier A, Baniel A, Azzout-Marniche D, Khodorova N, Chaumontet C, Piedcoq J, Chapelais M, Calvez J. Moderate adiposity levels counteract protein metabolism modifications associated with aging in rats. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3189-3200. [PMID: 35435502 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physiological parameters such as adiposity and age are likely to influence protein digestion and utilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of age and adiposity on casein protein and amino acid true digestibility and its postprandial utilization in rats. METHODS Four groups were included (n = 7/8): 2 months/normal adiposity, 2 months/high adiposity, 11 months/normal adiposity and 11 months/high adiposity. Rats were given a calibrated meal containing 15N-labeled casein (Ingredia, Arras, France) and were euthanized 6 h later. Digestive contents were collected to assess protein and amino acid digestibilities. 15N enrichments were measured in plasma and urine to determine total body deamination. Fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) was determined in different organs using a flooding dose of 13C valine. RESULTS Nitrogen and amino acid true digestibility of casein was around 95-96% depending on the group and was increased by 1% in high adiposity rats (P = 0.04). Higher adiposity levels counteracted the increase in total body deamination (P = 0.03) that was associated with older age. Significant effects of age (P = 0.006) and adiposity (P = 0.002) were observed in the muscle FSR, with age decreasing it and adiposity increasing it. CONCLUSION This study revealed that a higher level of adiposity resulted in a slight increase in protein and individual amino acid true digestibility values and seemed to compensate for the metabolic postprandial protein alterations observed at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Atallah
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France.,Ingredia S.A., 62033, Arras Cedex, France.,UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N°1158, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Nadezda Khodorova
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Julien Piedcoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Martin Chapelais
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Calvez
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France.
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Ou MY, Zhang H, Tan PC, Zhou SB, Li QF. Adipose tissue aging: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:300. [PMID: 35379822 PMCID: PMC8980023 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, which is the crucial energy reservoir and endocrine organ for the maintenance of systemic glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, undergoes significant changes during aging. These changes cause physiological declines and age-related disease in the elderly population. Here, we review the age-related changes in adipose tissue at multiple levels and highlight the underlying mechanisms regulating the aging process. We also discuss the pathogenic pathways of age-related fat dysfunctions and their systemic negative consequences, such as dyslipidemia, chronic general inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Age-related changes in adipose tissue involve redistribution of deposits and composition, in parallel with the functional decline of adipocyte progenitors and accumulation of senescent cells. Multiple pathogenic pathways induce defective adipogenesis, inflammation, aberrant adipocytokine production, and insulin resistance, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. Changes in gene expression and extracellular signaling molecules regulate the aging process of adipose tissue through various pathways. In addition, adipose tissue aging impacts other organs that are infiltrated by lipids, which leads to systemic inflammation, metabolic system disruption, and aging process acceleration. Moreover, studies have indicated that adipose aging is an early onset event in aging and a potential target to extend lifespan. Together, we suggest that adipose tissue plays a key role in the aging process and is a therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related disease, which deserves further study to advance relevant knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Poh-Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:811751. [PMID: 35250869 PMCID: PMC8892203 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.811751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease in aging with decreased body muscle, decreased muscle strength, decreased independence, increased fat mass, due to decreased physical activity, changes in adipokines and myokines, and decreased satellite cells. People with sarcopenic obesity cause harmful changes in myokines and adipokines. These changes are due to a decrease interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1), irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and apelin. While factors such as myostatin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and resistin increase. The consequences of these changes are an increase in inflammatory factors, increased degradation of muscle proteins, increased fat mass, and decreased muscle tissue, which exacerbates sarcopenia obesity. In contrast, exercise, especially strength training, reverses this process, which includes increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing myogenesis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing brown fat, reducing white fat, reducing inflammatory factors, and reducing muscle atrophy. Since some people with chronic diseases are not able to do high-intensity strength training, exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) are newly recommended. Numerous studies have shown that low-intensity BFR training produces the same increase in hypertrophy and muscle strength such as high-intensity strength training. Therefore, it seems that exercise interventions with BFR can be an effective way to prevent the exacerbation of sarcopenia obesity. However, due to limited studies on adipokines and exercises with BFR in people with sarcopenic obesity, more research is needed.
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Slc7a8 Deletion Is Protective against Diet-Induced Obesity and Attenuates Lipid Accumulation in Multiple Organs. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020311. [PMID: 35205177 PMCID: PMC8869389 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of obesity can be attributed to adipocyte hypertrophy or hyperplasia which lead to increased adiposity. The C57BL/6 mouse is an excellent model to study metabolic syndromes often associated with obesity development. Mice fed on a high-fat diet are susceptible to weight gain, leading to the development of obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome. Here, we report findings from targeting a novel potential human adipogenic gene (SLC7A8) under conditions of obesity development using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). The results indicate that deleting slc7a8 in mice significantly protects against DIO and improves glucose metabolism. Deficiency in slc7a8 was observed to significantly attenuate adipocyte hypertrophy in white and brown adipose tissue and to reduce lipid accumulation in many organs. Furthermore, inflammation was significantly reduced in the adipose tissue and liver of slc7a8-deficient mice with DIO. Overall, the results from this study show that slc7a8 is an important molecular regulator of obesity development and mediates its function by reducing lipid accumulation in multiple organs. Hence, SLC7A8 could serve as a potential therapeutic target to combat the development of obesity and other pathophysiological conditions associated with excess lipid accumulation. Abstract Adipogenesis, through adipocyte hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy, leads to increased adiposity, giving rise to obesity. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis of in vitro adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells identified SLC7A8 (Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 8) as a potential novel mediator. The current study has investigated the role of SLC7A8 in adipose tissue biology using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. slc7a8 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet (CD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. On the HFD, both WT and KO mice (WTHFD and KOHFD) gained significantly more weight than their CD counterparts. However, KOHFD gained significantly less weight than WTHFD. KOHFD had significantly reduced levels of glucose intolerance compared with those observed in WTHFD. KOHFD also had significantly reduced adipocyte mass and hypertrophy in inguinal, mesenteric, perigonadal, and brown adipose depots, with a corresponding decrease in macrophage infiltration. Additionally, KOHFD had decreased lipid accumulation in the liver, heart, gastrocnemius muscle, lung, and kidney. This study demonstrates that targeting slc7a8 protects against diet-induced obesity by reducing lipid accumulation in multiple organs and suggests that if targeted, has the potential to mitigate the development of obesity-associated comorbidities.
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The Panax ginseng Berry Extract and Soluble Whey Protein Hydrolysate Mixture Ameliorates Sarcopenia-Related Muscular Deterioration in Aged Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040799. [PMID: 35215448 PMCID: PMC8876731 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent as the aging population grows. Therefore, the need for supplements for the elderly is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of a Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) and soluble whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) mixture on a sarcopenia-related muscular deterioration in aged mice. Ten-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were administered three different doses of the GBE + WPH mixture for 8 weeks; 700 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg, and 1100 mg/kg. Grip strength, serum inflammatory cytokines level, and mass of muscle tissues were estimated. The deteriorating function of aging muscle was investigated via protein or gene expression. Grip strength and mass of three muscle tissues were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine alleviated systemic inflammatory state. The mixture resolved the imbalance of muscle protein turnover through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and increased gene expression of the muscle regeneration-related factors, while decreasing myostatin, which interferes with muscle protein synthesis and regeneration. Furthermore, we confirmed that increased mitochondria number in muscle with the improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis. These physiological changes were similar to the effects of exercise.
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Ma S, Shyh-Chang N. The Metabaging Cycle. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13197. [PMID: 35106869 PMCID: PMC8891548 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
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Sarcopenic obesity: what about in cancer setting? Nutrition 2022; 98:111624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fat Is Consistently Present within the Plantar Muscular Space of the Human Foot—An Anatomical Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020154. [PMID: 35208480 PMCID: PMC8877207 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The foot comprises of active contractile and passive connective tissue components, which help maintain stability and facilitate movement during gait. The role of age- or pathology-related degeneration and the presence of fat within muscles in foot function and pain remains unclear. The existence of fat has to date not been quantified or compared between individuals according to age, sex, side or subregion. Materials and Methods: 18 cadaveric feet (mean age 79 years) were sectioned sagittally and photographed bilaterally. Fat in the plantar muscular space of the foot (PMSF) was quantified through the previously validated manual fat quantification method, which involved observing photographs of each section and identifying regions using OsiriX. Fat volume and percentage was calculated using a modified Cavalieri’s method. Results: All feet had fat located within the PMSF, averaging 25.8% (range, 16.5–39.4%) of the total PMSF volume. The presence of fat was further confirmed with plastination and confocal microscopy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that fat within the PMSF is a consistent but highly variable finding in elderly cohorts. Fat within the foot muscles may need to be considered a norm when comparing healthy and non-healthy subjects, and for therapeutic interventions to the foot. Further work is required to understand in detail the morphological and mechanical presence of fat in the foot, and compare these findings with pathological cohorts, such as sarcopenia. Additionally, future work should investigate if fat may compensate for the degeneration of the intrinsic muscles of the foot, with implications for both the use of orthotics and pain management.
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Cho YH, Seo TB. Effect of treadmill exercise combined with bone marrow stromal cell transplantation on atrophy-related signaling pathway in the denervated soleus muscle. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 17:395-402. [PMID: 35036388 PMCID: PMC8743607 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142618.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combination of low-intensity exercise with bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation could regulate protein kinas B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Wnt3a-β-catenin signaling pathways for prevention of soleus muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The experimental rats divided into 5 groups (n=10): normal control group, SNI+sedentary group (SED), SNI+low-intensity treadmill exercise group (TEX), SNI+BMSC transplantation group (BMSC), SNI+TEX+BMSC transplantation group (TEX+BMSC). Sciatic nerve crush injury was applied into the middle of thigh twice for 1 min and 30 sec at interval. Low-intensity treadmill exercise was comprised of walking at a speed of 4 to 8 m/min for 30 min once a day. cultured BMSC at a density of 5×106 in 50-μL phosphate-buffered saline was injected into the distal portion of the injured sciatic nerves. TEX+BMSC group dramatically up-regulated expression levels of growth-associated protein-43 in the injured sciatic nerve at 2 weeks postinjury. Also, although Akt and mTOR signaling pathway significantly increased in TEX and BMSC groups than SED group, TEX+BMSC group showed more potent increment on this signaling in soleus muscle after SNI. Lastly, Wnt3a and the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and nuclear factor-kappa B in soleus were increased by SNI, but TEX+BMSC group significantly downregulated activity of this signaling pathway in the nuclear cell lysate of soleus muscle. Present findings provide new information that combination of low-intensity treadmill exercise might be effective therapeutic approach on restriction of soleus muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Tae-Beom Seo
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Long-term administration of red ginseng non-saponin fraction rescues the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging in mice. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:657-665. [PMID: 36090680 PMCID: PMC9459129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a new and emerging risk factor aggravating the quality of life of elderly population. Because Korean Red Ginseng (RG) is known to have a great effect on relieving fatigue and enhancing physical performance, it is invaluable to examine its potential as an anti-sarcopenic drug. Methods Anti-sarcopenic effect of non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng (RGNS) was evaluated in C2C12 myoblasts treated with C2-ceramide to induce senescence phenotypes, and 22-month-old mice fed with chow diet containing 2% RGNS (w/w) for 4 further months. Results The RGNS treatment significantly alleviated cellular senescence indicated by intracellular lipid accumulation, increased amount of lysosomal β-galactosidase, and reduced proliferative capacity in C2C12 myoblasts. This effect was not observed with saponin fraction. In an aged mouse, the 4-month-RGNS diet significantly improved aging-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, assessed by the weights of hindlimb skeletal muscles such as tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius (GN) and soleus (SOL), and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of SOL muscle, and the behaviors in grip strength and hanging wire tests, respectively. During the same period, an aging-associated shift of fast-to slow-twitch muscle in SOL muscle was also retarded by the RGNS treatment. Conclusions These findings suggested that the long-term diet of RGNS significantly prevented aging-associated muscle atrophy and reduced physical performance, and thus RGNS has a strong potential to be developed as a drug that prevents or improves sarcopenia.
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Hou L, Jiang F, Huang B, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Cai G, Liu D, Hu CY, Wang C. Dihydromyricetin resists inflammation-induced muscle atrophy via ryanodine receptor-CaMKK-AMPK signal pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9953-9971. [PMID: 34676967 PMCID: PMC8572760 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of physical and metabolic health. Skeletal muscle atrophy usually results in physical disability, inferior quality of life and higher health care costs. The higher incidence of muscle atrophy in obese and ageing groups is due to increased levels of inflammatory factors during obesity and ageing. Dihydromyricetin, as a bioactive polyphenol, has been used for anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumour and improving insulin sensitivity. However, there are no published reports demonstrated the dihydromyricetin effect on inflammation‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we first confirmed the role of dihydromyricetin in inflammation‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy by activating Ca2+‐CaMKK‐AMPK through signal pathway blockers, Ca2+ probes and immunofluorescence. Finally, we clarified that dihydromyricetin activated Ca2+‐CaMKK‐AMPK signalling pathway through interaction with the ryanodine receptor, its target protein, by drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS). Our results not only demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation‐induced muscle atrophy via the ryanodine receptor‐CaMKK‐AMPK signal pathway but also discovered that the target protein of dihydromyricetin is the ryanodine receptor. Our results provided experimental data for the development of dihydromyricetin as a functional food and new therapeutic strategies for treating or preventing skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Fangyi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Kim DH, Bang E, Ha S, Jung HJ, Choi YJ, Yu BP, Chung HY. Organ-differential Roles of Akt/FoxOs Axis as a Key Metabolic Modulator during Aging. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1713-1728. [PMID: 34631216 PMCID: PMC8460295 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
FoxOs and their post-translational modification by phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation can affect epigenetic modifications and promote the expression of downstream target genes. Therefore, they ultimately affect cellular and biological functions during aging or occurrence of age-related diseases including cancer, diabetes, and kidney diseases. As known for its key role in aging, FoxOs play various biological roles in the aging process by regulating reactive oxygen species, lipid accumulation, and inflammation. FoxOs regulated by PI3K/Akt pathway modulate the expression of various target genes encoding MnSOD, catalases, PPARγ, and IL-1β during aging, which are associated with age-related diseases. This review highlights the age-dependent differential regulatory mechanism of Akt/FoxOs axis in metabolic and non-metabolic organs. We demonstrated that age-dependent suppression of Akt increases the activity of FoxOs (Akt/FoxOs axis upregulation) in metabolic organs such as liver and muscle. This Akt/FoxOs axis could be modulated and reversed by antiaging paradigm calorie restriction (CR). In contrast, hyperinsulinemia-mediated PI3K/Akt activation inhibited FoxOs activity (Akt/FoxOs axis downregulation) leading to decrease of antioxidant genes expression in non-metabolic organs such as kidneys and lungs during aging. These phenomena are reversed by CR. The results of studies on the process of aging and CR indicate that the Akt/FoxOs axis plays a critical role in regulating metabolic homeostasis, redox stress, and inflammation in various organs during aging process. The benefical actions of CR on the Akt/FoxOs axis in metabolic and non-metabolic organs provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms of organ-differential roles of Akt/FoxOs axis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - EunJin Bang
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- 2Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- 3Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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Hou L, Jiang F, Huang B, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Cai G, Liu D, Hu CY, Wang C. Dihydromyricetin Ameliorates Inflammation-Induced Insulin Resistance via Phospholipase C-CaMKK-AMPK Signal Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8542809. [PMID: 34650665 PMCID: PMC8510796 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8542809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome has become an urgent public health problem. Insulin resistance is the common pathophysiological basis of metabolic syndrome. The higher incidence of insulin resistance in obese groups is due to increased levels of inflammatory factors during obesity. Therefore, developing a therapeutic strategy for insulin resistance has great significance for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Dihydromyricetin, as a bioactive polyphenol, has been used for anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and improving insulin sensitivity. However, the target of DHM and molecular mechanism of DHM for preventing inflammation-induced insulin resistance is still unclear. In this study, we first confirmed the role of dihydromyricetin in inflammation-induced insulin resistance in vivo and in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation-induced insulin resistance by activating Ca2+-CaMKK-AMPK using signal pathway blockers, Ca2+ probes, and immunofluorescence. Finally, we clarified that dihydromyricetin activated Ca2+-CaMKK-AMPK signaling pathway by interacting with the phospholipase C (PLC), its target protein, using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. Our results not only demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation-induced insulin resistance via the PLC-CaMKK-AMPK signal pathway but also discovered that the target protein of dihydromyricetin is the PLC. Our results provided experimental data for the development of dihydromyricetin as a functional food and new therapeutic strategies for treating or preventing PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518 Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Weijie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Yufei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
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Kurosawa T, Minato K, Ikemoto-Uezumi M, Hino J, Tsuchida K, Uezumi A. Transgenic Expression of Bmp3b in Mesenchymal Progenitors Mitigates Age-Related Muscle Mass Loss and Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910246. [PMID: 34638584 PMCID: PMC8549698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a vital organ for a healthy life, but its mass and function decline with aging, resulting in a condition termed sarcopenia. The etiology of sarcopenia remains unclear. We recently demonstrated that interstitial mesenchymal progenitors are essential for homeostatic muscle maintenance, and a diminished expression of the mesenchymal-specific gene Bmp3b is associated with sarcopenia. Here, we assessed the protective function of Bmp3b against sarcopenia by generating conditional transgenic (Tg) mice that enable a forced expression of Bmp3b specifically in mesenchymal progenitors. The mice were grown until they reached the geriatric stage, and the age-related muscle phenotypes were examined. The Tg mice had significantly heavier muscles compared to control mice, and the type IIB myofiber cross-sectional areas were preserved in Tg mice. The composition of the myofiber types did not differ between the genotypes. The Tg mice showed a decreasing trend of fibrosis, but the degree of fat infiltration was as low as that in the control mice. Finally, we observed the preservation of innervated neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in the Tg muscle in contrast to the control muscle, where the NMJ degeneration was conspicuous. Thus, our results indicate that the transgenic expression of Bmp3b in mesenchymal progenitors alleviates age-related muscle deterioration. Collectively, this study strengthens the beneficial role of mesenchymal Bmp3b against sarcopenia and suggests that preserving the youthfulness of mesenchymal progenitors may be an effective means of combating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Kurosawa
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (T.K.); (K.M.); (M.I.-U.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keitaro Minato
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (T.K.); (K.M.); (M.I.-U.)
- Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Tyuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Madoka Ikemoto-Uezumi
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (T.K.); (K.M.); (M.I.-U.)
| | - Jun Hino
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita 564-8565, Japan;
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (T.K.); (K.M.); (M.I.-U.)
- Correspondence:
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Cellular senescence in musculoskeletal homeostasis, diseases, and regeneration. Bone Res 2021; 9:41. [PMID: 34508069 PMCID: PMC8433460 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging insights into cellular senescence highlight the relevance of senescence in musculoskeletal disorders, which represent the leading global cause of disability. Cellular senescence was initially described by Hayflick et al. in 1961 as an irreversible nondividing state in in vitro cell culture studies. We now know that cellular senescence can occur in vivo in response to various stressors as a heterogeneous and tissue-specific cell state with a secretome phenotype acquired after the initial growth arrest. In the past two decades, compelling evidence from preclinical models and human data show an accumulation of senescent cells in many components of the musculoskeletal system. Cellular senescence is therefore a defining feature of age-related musculoskeletal disorders, and targeted elimination of these cells has emerged recently as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate tissue damage and promote repair and regeneration of the skeleton and skeletal muscles. In this review, we summarize evidence of the role of senescent cells in the maintenance of bone homeostasis during childhood and their contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia. We highlight the diversity of the senescent cells in the microenvironment of bone, joint, and skeletal muscle tissue, as well as the mechanisms by which these senescent cells are involved in musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, we discuss how identifying and targeting senescent cells might positively affect pathologic progression and musculoskeletal system regeneration.
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Fujita H, Horie M, Shimizu K, Nagamori E. Microarray profiling of gene expression in C2C12 myotubes trained by electric pulse stimulation. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:417-422. [PMID: 34348874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Electric pulse-stimulated C2C12 myotubes are gaining interest in the field of muscle physiology and biotechnology because electric pulse stimulation (EPS) enhances sarcomere structure development and active tension generation capability. Recently, we found that termination of EPS results in the rapid loss of active tension generation accompanied by disassembly of the sarcomere structure, which may represent an in vitro muscle atrophy model. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this rapid loss of active tension generation and sarcomere structure disassembly after termination of EPS, we performed transcriptomic analysis using microarray. After termination of EPS, 74 genes were upregulated and 120 genes were downregulated after 30 min; however, atrophy-related genes were not found among these genes. To further assess the effect of EPS on gene expression, we re-applied EPS after its termination for 8 h and searched for genes whose expression was reversed. Four genes were upregulated by termination of EPS and downregulated by the re-application of EPS, whereas two genes were downregulated by termination of EPS and upregulated by the re-application of EPS. Although none of these genes were atrophy- or hypertrophy-related, the results presented in this study will contribute to the understanding of gene expression changes that mediate rapid loss of active tension generation and sarcomere structure disassembly following termination of EPS in C2C12 myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masanobu Horie
- Division of Biochemical Engineering, Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eiji Nagamori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.
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Skeletal Lipocalin-2 Is Associated with Iron-Related Oxidative Stress in ob/ob Mice with Sarcopenia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050758. [PMID: 34064680 PMCID: PMC8150392 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance accelerate aging-related sarcopenia, which is associated with iron load and oxidative stress. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an iron-binding protein that has been associated with skeletal muscle regeneration, but details regarding its role in obese sarcopenia remain unclear. Here, we report that elevated LCN2 levels in skeletal muscle are linked to muscle atrophy-related inflammation and oxidative stress in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. RNA sequencing analyses indicated the LCN2 gene expression is enhanced in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice with sarcopenia. In addition to muscular iron accumulation in ob/ob mice, expressions of iron homeostasis-related divalent metal transporter 1, ferritin, and hepcidin proteins were increased in ob/ob mice compared to lean littermates, whereas expressions of transferrin receptor and ferroportin were reduced. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that LCN2 functions as a potent proinflammatory factor in skeletal muscle in response to obesity-related sarcopenia and is thus a therapeutic candidate target for sarcopenia treatment.
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Tomlinson DJ, Erskine RM, Morse CI, Pappachan JM, Sanderson-Gillard E, Onambélé-Pearson GL. The combined effects of obesity and ageing on skeletal muscle function and tendon properties in vivo in men. Endocrine 2021; 72:411-422. [PMID: 33484409 PMCID: PMC8128745 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the combined impact of ageing and obesity on Achilles tendon (AT) properties in vivo in men, utilizing three classification methods of obesity. METHOD Forty healthy, untrained men were categorised by age (young (18-49 years); older (50-80 years)), body mass index (BMI; normal weight (≥18.5-<25); overweight (≥25-<30); obese (≥30)), body fat% (normal adipose (<28%); high adiposity (≥28%)) and fat mass index (FMI; normal (3-6); excess fat (>6-9); high fat (>9). Assessment of body composition used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, gastrocnemius medialis (GM)/AT properties used dynamometry and ultrasonography and endocrine profiling used multiplex luminometry. RESULTS Older men had lower total range of motion (ROM; -11%; P = 0.020), GM AT force (-29%; P < 0.001), stiffness (-18%; P = 0.041), Young's modulus (-22%; P = 0.011) and AT stress (-28%; P < 0.001). All three methods of classifying obesity revealed obesity to be associated with lower total ROM (P = 0.014-0.039). AT cross sectional area (CSA) was larger with higher BMI (P = 0.030). However, after controlling for age, higher BMI only tended to be associated with greater tendon stiffness (P = 0.074). Interestingly, both AT CSA and stiffness were positively correlated with body mass (r = 0.644 and r = 0.520) and BMI (r = 0.541 and r = 0.493) in the young but not older adults. Finally, negative relationships were observed between AT CSA and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to provide evidence of positive adaptations in tendon stiffness and size in vivo resulting from increased mass and BMI in young but not older men, irrespective of obesity classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Tomlinson
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher I Morse
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Emmanuel Sanderson-Gillard
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Gladys L Onambélé-Pearson
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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50
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Von Bank H, Kirsh C, Simcox J. Aging adipose: Depot location dictates age-associated expansion and dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101259. [PMID: 33515751 PMCID: PMC8379680 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has a variety of diverse functions that maintain energy homeostasis. In conditions of excess energy availability, adipose tissue increases its lipid storage and communicates the nutritional abundance to various organs in the body. In conditions of energy depletion, such as fasting, cold exposure, or prolonged exercise, triglycerides stored in adipose tissue are released as free fatty acids to support the shift to catabolic metabolism. These diverse functions of storage, communication, and energy homeostasis are shared between numerous adipose depots including subcutaneous, visceral, brown, beige, intramuscular, marrow, and dermal adipose tissue. As organisms age, the cellular composition of these depots shifts to facilitate increased inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased vasculature, and increased adipocyte quantity and lipid droplet size. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the molecular and cellular changes that occur in various aged adipose depots and discuss their impact on physiology. The molecular signature of aged adipose leads to higher prevalence of metabolic disease in aged populations including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaina Von Bank
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
| | - Charlie Kirsh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
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