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Ogden R, Alatrany SSJ, Flaiyah AM, ALi Sayyid ALdrraji H, Musa H, Alatrany ASS, Al-Jumeily D. Distortions to the passage of time for annual events: Exploring why Christmas and Ramadan feel like they come around more quickly each year. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304660. [PMID: 38985730 PMCID: PMC11236143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commonly heard statements such as "Christmas comes around more quickly each year" suggest that the passage of time between annual events can become distorted, leading to the sensation of time passing more quickly than normal. At present however, it is unclear how prevalent such beliefs are and, what factors are predictive of it. AIM To explore the prevalence of beliefs that annual events such as Christmas (Study 1 UK sample) and Ramadan (Study 2 Iraqi sample) feel like they come around more quickly each year. To establish the association between distortions to the passage of time between annual events and emotional wellbeing, event specific enjoyment, memory function and self-reported attention to time. METHODS Participants completed an online questionnaire exploring their subjective experience of time in relation to Christmas and Ramadan. In addition, measures of attention to time, memory function, quality of life and event specific emotion were also taken. FINDINGS There was widespread agreement that Christmas and Ramadan appeared to come around more quickly each year. In both countries, this belief was associated with greater prospective memory errors, greater attention to time and greater enjoyment of the event. Furthermore, in the UK greater belief that Christmas comes around more quickly was associated with lower social quality of life and in Iraq, greater belief that Ramadan comes around more quickly each year was associated with lower age and female gender. CONCLUSIONS Distortions to the passage of time for annual events are widespread, occur across multiple cultures and are consistently predicted by prospective function, event enjoyment and attention to time. The absence of an association between older age (above 55 years) and a faster passage of time suggests that caution should be taken when concluding that time passes more quickly with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Saad S J Alatrany
- Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Ibn Reshed College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ashraf Muwafaq Flaiyah
- Ibn Reshed College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan ALi Sayyid ALdrraji
- Ibn Reshed College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Baghdad Centre for Psychosocial Support, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hanan Musa
- Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Ibn Reshed College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abbas S S Alatrany
- University of Information Technology and Communications, Baghdad, Iraq
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiya Al-Jumeily
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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2
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Kessler D, Boudreau E, Maitland J, Lysaght R, McColl MA, Alexander L, Wilson C, Batorowicz B, DePaul V, Donnelly C. Adopting new habits and routines in response to COVID-19 lockdown disruptions: A qualitative study. Br J Occup Ther 2024; 87:334-343. [PMID: 38832353 PMCID: PMC11144113 DOI: 10.1177/03080226241232815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19-related restrictions resulted in changes to time use and occupational participation, impacting individual and collective well-being. This study addressed a knowledge gap concerning the adaptive process during periods of occupational disruption. We explored the experience of occupational disruption and how people managed disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used a qualitative descriptive approach and interviewed 18 participants of a larger survey study of time use during the COVID-19 pandemic undertaken around a medium-sized city in Canada. Transcript analysis was conducted inductively using conventional content analysis. Findings Two overarching themes were constructed during data analysis: The Disruption Experience and Adopting New Habits and Routines. In the face of disruption, participants described a sense of loss and disconnection, and challenges with time management. Establishing new habits and routines required new learning associated with increased time and flexibility, connecting with others and health and wellness. Conclusion During changing pandemic restrictions, participants expressed a sense of loss, disconnection and time management challenges associated with occupational disruptions, but also described ways they adapted, improving their health and well-being. Strategies identified through this work may be used to enhance adaptation during disruptions. Future research should explore differences in adaptation, among more diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Kessler
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Boudreau
- Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Maitland
- Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Adaptable Occupational Therapy, Pembroke, ON, Canada
| | - Rosemary Lysaght
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Ann McColl
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Libby Alexander
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Clarke Wilson
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Beata Batorowicz
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent DePaul
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Donnelly
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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3
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Mittal J, Juneja KK, Saumya S, Shukla A. A matter of time: how musical training affects time perception. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1364504. [PMID: 38741788 PMCID: PMC11089211 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1364504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Musical training has been linked to changes in early attentional and perceptual processing. Thus, such an altered attentional and perceptual processing has enabled musicians to judge the duration differently than non-musicians. Although these claims seem intriguing, there are many questions that are not addressed yet, for example, how would the performance of musically-trained differ from that of untrained on visual and auditory temporal judgments? Is there any advantage to musically-trained person in temporal processing? To understand these questions, we thus conducted a series of Auditory and Visual Temporal Bisection Tasks on 32 musically-trained and 32 musically-untrained participants. We hypothesized that if music training modulates general sensitivity to temporal dimensions, then the temporal judgments of musically-trained participants would differ from those of untrained participants in both visual and auditory tasks. Each participant performed a total of 140 trials (70 visual and 70 auditory) in two different blocks. For each participant, a Point of Subjective Equality (PSE) was obtained for visual and auditory conditions. The findings revealed a significant modality effect on time perception, with auditory stimuli being consistently overestimated compared to visual stimuli. Surprisingly, the musically-trained group exhibited a tendency to underestimate duration relative to the musically-untrained participants. Although these results may appear counterintuitive at first glance, a detailed analysis indicates that the length of musical training plays a significant role in modulating temporal processing within the musically-trained group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anuj Shukla
- Thapar School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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4
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Fernandez Velasco P, Perroy B, Gurchani U, Casati R. Social and temporal disorientation during the Covid-19 pandemic: An analysis of 3306 responses to a quantitative questionnaire. Br J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38644628 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The societal hallmark of the Covid-19 pandemic was a set of mitigation measures such as lockdowns and curfews. The cognitive impact on the public of the resulting spatial, social and temporal constraints is still being investigated. While pandemic time has been extensively studied and mostly described as slowed down and elongated, opposite experimental patterns across national and social contexts leave open an important explanatory gap in order to understand which factor has been causally fundamental in determining the phenomenology of the crisis. In this paper, we use a quantitative questionnaire developed for measuring temporal and social disorientation on a sample of 3306 respondents during an acute phase of restrictions in France. We show that social disorientation greatly contributed to the temporal disruptions experienced during the pandemic. This result reinforces the importance for public authorities to address the compounding effect of feeling isolated during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umer Gurchani
- Institut Jean Nicod (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Paris, France
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5
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Wang J, Xiao M, Wang W, Sun Y. Risk perception, compliance with COVID-19 measures, and the role of social media after China's lockdown lift. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24821. [PMID: 38314293 PMCID: PMC10837557 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have investigated people's reactions after a sudden lift. The transitional experiences of Chinese people at the end of 2022 serve as a valuable reference for pandemic management. Therefore, this study investigates Chinese people's perception of risks after the lifting, the influence of risk perception on their compliance with COVID-19 measures, and the moderating effect of social media on this influence. Methods Initially, using a random sampling approach, we carried out an online questionnaire survey through Questionnaire Star, an online questionnaire platform. 417 (304 females, 13-64 years old) participants responded to questions on their perception of risks, compliance with COVID-19 measures, and trust in social media. Then, in the follow-up experiment, we observed another 60 (30 females, 18-22 years old) participants' actual behaviors to see how they comply with COVID-19 measures (for the peak of the confirmed cases, we chose to make do with this small size). We also asked them to complete a paper questionnaire on risk perception and trust in social media. Results The initial survey indicated that, after the lifting, Chinese citizens perceived high risks (they reported a possibility of 61.04 out of 100 to be infected and threatened by COVID-19. The number was 54 in a previous study), showed a low degree of adherence to COVID-19 measures (on a scale of 1-5, they reported a score of 2.04 in private, and 1.89 in public), and social media positively moderated the relationship between risk perception and adherence (ΔR2 = 0.10, p < .01 for private behavior; ΔR2 = 0.13, p < .01 for public behavior). The follow-up experiment further confirmed these findings. Conclusion This study suggests that, when lifting lockdowns on a national scale, the government should inform the public about the risks accurately, encourage healthy behaviors, and make full use of social media to promote adherence to COVID-19 measures. By using a hybrid approach that combines a questionnaire survey with actual behavior observation, this study expands earlier research into the understudied context of lockdown lifts. Finding effective strategies to support individuals through the transition period can facilitate global pandemic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- School of English Teacher Education, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- School of English Teacher Education, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of English Teacher Education, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Foreign linguistics and Applied Linguistics Research Center, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Nicolaï C, Chaumon M, van Wassenhove V. Cognitive effects on experienced duration and speed of time, prospectively, retrospectively, in and out of lockdown. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2006. [PMID: 38263171 PMCID: PMC10805715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological time is influenced by multiple factors such as arousal, emotion, attention and memory. While laboratory observations are well documented, it remains unclear whether cognitive effects on time perception replicate in real-life settings. This study exploits a set of data collected online during the Covid-19 pandemic, where participants completed a verbal working memory (WM) task in which their cognitive load was manipulated using a parametric n-back (1-back, 3-back). At the end of every WM trial, participants estimated the duration of that trial and rated the speed at which they perceived time was passing. In this within-participant design, we initially tested whether the amount of information stored in WM affected time perception in opposite directions depending on whether duration was estimated prospectively (i.e., when participants attend to time) or retrospectively (i.e., when participants do not attend to time). Second, we tested the same working hypothesis for the felt passage of time, which may capture a distinct phenomenology. Third, we examined the link between duration and speed of time, and found that short durations tended to be perceived as fast. Last, we contrasted two groups of individuals tested in and out of lockdown to evaluate the impact of social isolation. We show that duration and speed estimations were differentially affected by social isolation. We discuss and conclude on the influence of cognitive load on various experiences of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Nicolaï
- NeuroSpin, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France.
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Maximilien Chaumon
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, APHP, CENIR, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- NeuroSpin, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France.
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Fotinos K, Sansone A, Greifenberger A, Katzman MA, Jannini TB, Reisman Y, Limoncin E, Jannini EA. Pornography and sexual function in the post-pandemic period: a narrative review from psychological, psychiatric, and sexological perspectives. Int J Impot Res 2024:10.1038/s41443-023-00812-3. [PMID: 38184709 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns had significant impacts on sexual functioning and behavior. Partnered sexual activity decreased overall, while solo sex activities such as masturbation and pornography consumption increased exponentially. Given the ongoing debate about the effects of pornography on sexual function, it was prudent to consider how the increase in porn consumption during the pandemic might have impacted sexual function in the post-pandemic period. Results indicated that despite the increased rates of use during lockdowns, there remains no evidence supporting the relationship between sexual dysfunction and porn use during and following the pandemic period. On the contrary, pornography consumption and solo sex activities offered an alternative to conventional sexual behavior during a highly stressful period and were found to have positive effects of relieving psychosocial stress otherwise induced by the pandemic. Specifically, those who maintained an active sexual life experienced less anxiety and depression, and greater relational health than those who were not sexually active. It is important to consider factors including frequency, context, and type of consumption when analyzing the impact of pornography on sexual function. While excessive use can have negative effects, moderate use can be a natural and healthy part of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Fotinos
- Course of Clinical Psychosexology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Stress Trauma Anxiety Rehabilitation Treatment (S.T.A.R.T.) Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandria Greifenberger
- Stress Trauma Anxiety Rehabilitation Treatment (S.T.A.R.T.) Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin A Katzman
- Stress Trauma Anxiety Rehabilitation Treatment (S.T.A.R.T.) Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adler Graduate Professional School, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Tommaso B Jannini
- School of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Erika Limoncin
- Course of Clinical Psychosexology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Hinault T, D'Argembeau A, Bowler DM, La Corte V, Desaunay P, Provasi J, Platel H, Tran The J, Charretier L, Giersch A, Droit-Volet S. Time processing in neurological and psychiatric conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105430. [PMID: 37871780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A central question in understanding cognition and pathology-related cognitive changes is how we process time. However, time processing difficulties across several neurological and psychiatric conditions remain seldom investigated. The aim of this review is to develop a unifying taxonomy of time processing, and a neuropsychological perspective on temporal difficulties. Four main temporal judgments are discussed: duration processing, simultaneity and synchrony, passage of time, and mental time travel. We present an integrated theoretical framework of timing difficulties across psychiatric and neurological conditions based on selected patient populations. This framework provides new mechanistic insights on both (a) the processes involved in each temporal judgement, and (b) temporal difficulties across pathologies. By identifying underlying transdiagnostic time-processing mechanisms, this framework opens fruitful avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hinault
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France.
| | - Arnaud D'Argembeau
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, F.R.S-FNRS, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dermot M Bowler
- Autism Research Group, City, University of London, EC1V 0HB London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), UR 7536, Université de Paris cité, 92774 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Desaunay
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France; Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Joelle Provasi
- CHArt laboratory (Human and Artificial Cognition), EPHE-PSL, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Platel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Jessica Tran The
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Laura Charretier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Anne Giersch
- Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia Laboratory, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, UMR 6024, 60032 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Droit-Volet S, Martinelli N, Dezecache G, Belletier C, Gil S, Chevalère J, Huguet P. Experience and memory of time and emotions two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290697. [PMID: 37729321 PMCID: PMC10511114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this French longitudinal study, we assessed judgment of the passage of time in current life and the predictors of this judgment 2 years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., at a time when there was no lockdown and no protective measures. We then compared these measures with the same participants' passage-of-time judgments assessed during each of the past three French lockdowns. We also assessed their memory representations of the passage of time in the past, i.e., for the various lockdowns. The results showed the persistence of the feeling of time slowing down outside of lockdown. However, this was no longer linked to external factors (lack of activity, disruption of everyday routines) as found in the previous studies conducted during the lockdowns, but to an individual internal factor, namely a high level of depression in the general population. Moreover, the results revealed that the experience of the passage of time for the past lockdowns was compressed in memory, being judged to be faster than it actually was. This time compression tended to be greater in depressed people. It was also associated with a positive bias for all the other examined factors (e.g., sleep quality, life routine, boredom, happiness). We assumed that this time compression would be related to processes involved in the recall of unfolding events, with certain moments being omitted or forgotten during recall, as well as to the process of reconstruction in autobiographical memory. Our study therefore shows the long-lasting effect of lockdowns on mental health of the general population, which was expressed by the persistent feeling of a slowing down of time. It is therefore necessary to take care of this psychologically fragile population and to avoid further lockdowns in response to a new health crisis, that they cannot cope with.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Clément Belletier
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandrine Gil
- CNRS, UMR 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Johann Chevalère
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Huguet
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Bacon AM, White L, Norman A. Coping with fibromyalgia during the COVID-19 pandemic: adjustment and wellbeing. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1345-1360. [PMID: 34903135 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2013484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition with symptoms known to be exacerbated by stress. Individuals with FMS may be experiencing particular distress under Covid-19 pandemic-related lifestyle restrictions. The present study examined wellbeing, perceived symptom change and coping in individuals with and without FMS during pandemic-related social lockdown in the UK. DESIGN Participants with a diagnosis of FMS (N = 390) and a general public sample with no FMS (N = 151) completed questionnaires at three time points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BBC Wellbeing Scale, Cognitive-Emotional Regulation Questionnaire measure of coping, perception of extent to which symptoms have worsened or improved over time. RESULTS Contrary to expectations, FMS participants reported no worsening of symptoms and an increase in wellbeing over the study period. Non-FMS participants experienced worsening health symptoms and no change in wellbeing. Coping strategies involving positive reappraisal, refocussing and planning were positively associated with wellbeing in the FMS group. CONCLUSION The unpredictable symptom profile in FMS, and the regular readjustment this necessitates, may support a form of resilience which has been adaptive during the pandemic. The results have implications for supporting people with FMS, and potentially other chronic conditions, especially at times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bacon
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Leah White
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Alyson Norman
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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11
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Gallego Hiroyasu EM, Laje R, Nomura K, Spiousas I, Hayashi MJ, Yotsumoto Y. Longitudinal analysis of social isolation effects on finger tapping in the Blursday database. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11277. [PMID: 37438397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blursday database is a collection of data obtained online from a longitudinal study where participants were asked to participate in several behavioral tasks and questionnaires during the COVID-19 pandemic from their homes. In this study, we analyzed the published data to explore (1) the longitudinal changes in temporal cognition observed from the data collected in the home-based setting (2), the effects of the voluntary quarantine measures implemented in Japan on temporal cognition, (3) whether the participant's temporal cognition is altered by the change in their psychological state or their cognitive abilities, and (4) whether the effects of the quarantine measures depend on the age of the individual. Results show that confinement measures were good predictors for the performance in both spontaneous finger-tapping task and paced finger-tapping task, though these were dependent on the age of the participant. In addition, cognitive scores were good predictors of the performance in the paced finger-tapping task but not the spontaneous finger-tapping task. Overall, this study provides evidence suggesting changes in both psychological, cognitive, and temporal cognition during the pandemic on the Japanese population despite its voluntary measures to deal with the new situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Laje
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Keishi Nomura
- Department of Integrated Educational Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Masamichi J Hayashi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Malik L, Shahnawaz MG, Rehman U, Pragyendu, Uniyal R, Griffiths MD. Mediating Roles of Fear of Missing Out and Boredom Proneness on Psychological Distress and Social Media Addiction Among Indian Adolescents. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37362061 PMCID: PMC10242220 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-023-00323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective The closure of schools and other educational institutes around the world has been one of the consequences of the COVID-19 and has resulted in online teaching. To facilitate online teaching, there has been an increase in the use of smartphones and tablets among adolescents. However, such enhancement in technology use may put many adolescents at the risk of problematic use of social media. Consequently, the present study explored the direct relationship of psychological distress with social media addiction. The relationship between the two was also assessed indirectly via the fear of missing out (FoMO) and boredom proneness. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 505 Indian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, studying in grades 7 to 12. Standardized tools (with some modifications to suit the context of the present study) were used to collect data. Results The results showed significant positive associations between psychological distress, social media addiction, FoMO, and boredom proneness. Psychological distress was found to be a significant predictor of social media addiction. Moreover, FoMO and boredom proneness partially mediated the relationships between psychological distress and social media addiction. Discussion The present study is the first to provide evidence for the specific pathways of FoMO and boredom proneness in the relationships between psychological distress and social media addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Malik
- Department of Psychology, Amity University, Mumbai, India
| | - Md Ghazi Shahnawaz
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Usama Rehman
- Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 20022
| | - Pragyendu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University, Delhi, India
| | - Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Krajewski M, Rogowski Ł, Frąckowiak M. Facing arrhythmia. Reconstructing time in the pandemic by the metropolitan creative classes in Poland. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2023; 74:433-452. [PMID: 36862598 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows how the metropolitan creative classes in Poland reacted to the changes in the organization of everyday life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially its temporality and rhythmicity. The pandemic and lockdowns reorganized previous ways of experiencing and managing time. Based on our empirical research and research by other scholars, we have identified some of the most common disruptions of pandemic temporality. However, a vital element of the article is to specify how the social category we studied dealt with these disruptions. In doing so, we show that the response to the breakdown of the previous order of everyday life was to restore a sense of stability actively. We were also interested in the possible, also negative consequences of the findings for the social category under study. The empirical basis for the article are in-depth interviews conducted during the fourth phase of the ongoing research project [title anonymized], which began during the first weeks of the lockdown in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Krajewski
- Faculty of Sociology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Rogowski
- Faculty of Sociology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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14
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Shamsi Gamchi N, Esmaeili M. A novel mathematical model for prioritization of individuals to receive vaccine considering governmental health protocols. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2023; 24:633-646. [PMID: 35900675 PMCID: PMC9330986 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases drive countries to provide vaccines to individuals. Due to the limited supply of vaccines, individuals prioritize receiving vaccinations worldwide. Although, priority groups are formed based on age groupings due to the restricted decision-making time. Governments usually ordain different health protocols such as lockdown policy, mandatory use of face masks, and vaccination during the pandemics. Therefore, this study considers the case of COVID-19 with a SEQIR (susceptible-exposed-quarantined-infected-recovered) epidemic model and presents a novel prioritization technique to minimize the social and economic impacts of the lockdown policy. We use retail units as one of the affected parts to demonstrate how a vaccination plan may be more effective if individuals such as retailers were prioritized and age groups. In addition, we estimate the total required vaccine doses to control the epidemic disease and compute the number of vaccine doses supplied by various suppliers. The vaccine doses are determined using optimal control theory in the solution technique. In addition, we consider the effect of the mask using policy in the number of vaccine doses allocated to each priority group. The model's performance is evaluated using an illustrative scenario based on a real case.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shamsi Gamchi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Esmaeili
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Pawlak DA, Sahraie A. Lost time: Perception of events timeline affected by the COVID pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278250. [PMID: 37256835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to remember when a past event occurred, is often an everyday necessity. However, placing events in a timeline is seldom accurate and although to some extent modulated by event saliency, on average we are less accurate in remembering a timeline for events happening in the distant past compared to more recent events. 277 participants took part in an online study during May 2022 in which they were asked to state the year in which a number of events took place. The events' occurrences ranged from 2017 to 2021, with participants choosing one date from the 2016-2022 range. In addition, they completed 4 questionnaires aimed at quantifying their State Boredom; Depression, Anxiety & stress; resilience; and level of activity during the lockdown periods of the COVID pandemic. As expected, the findings showed more errors for distant events than those in 2020, but surprisingly we found a large error for estimating the timing of events that occurred in 2021 matching in the extent to those 3 to 4 years earlier. The findings show that participants were less able to recall the timeline of very recent events coinciding with COVID lockdowns. This increased error in perception of event timeline correlated positively with reported levels of depression & anxiety as well as physical and mental demands during the pandemic, but negatively correlated with measures of resilience. Although measures of boredom showed significant correlations with reported depression & anxiety and physical/mental load, they did not correlate with errors in the perception of the event timeline for 2021. The findings are consistent with poor perception of event timeline reported previously in prison inmates. It is likely that an accurate perception of an event timeline relies on a collection of life events such as birthdays, holidays, travels, etc., anchoring our experiences in the time domain, which was largely absent during COVID restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Pawlak
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arash Sahraie
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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16
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Fabbri M. Mindfulness, Subjective Cognitive Functioning, Sleep Timing and Time Expansion during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study in Italy. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:313-332. [PMID: 37366659 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 lockdown, a distortion of time passage has been widely reported in association with a change in daily rhythm. However, several variables related to these changes have not been considered. The purpose of the present study was to assess the changes in dispositional mindfulness, time experience, sleep timing and subjective memory functioning. A longitudinal study was conducted on 39 Italian adults (53.85% males; 35.03 ± 14.02 years) assessing mindfulness, ad hoc questions of sleep habits during workdays and free days, chronotypes, subjective time experience, and memory functioning before (December 2019-March 2020) and during (April 2020-May 2020) the first Italian COVID-19 lockdown. Participants reported delayed sleep timing, a slowdown in the perception of the present time, a decrease of time pressure, and an increase in the feeling of time expansion/boredom. In addition to correlations between mindfulness, memory functioning, and subjective sleep duration during workdays, a mediation model showed that changes in the dispositional mindfulness determined a delay of bedtime during workdays through the mediation effect of increased feeling of time expansion/boredom. This finding highlighted the role of mindfulness in reducing the feeling of time expansion/boredom for regulating the sleep timing. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbri
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, CE, Italy
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17
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Chahine A, Mhanna M, El Zouki CJ, Obeid S, Hallit S. Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the briefest version of the Zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI-15). BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:338. [PMID: 37173681 PMCID: PMC10176805 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-perceived temporal perspectives has been shown to vary across cultures. Although cross-cultural differences may be blurred by the globalization, accelerated pace-of-life worldwide and spread of multitasking; the way Arab individuals deal with time has its specificities. However, research in this area is scant in the Arab world. One of the main reasons for this scarcity of research is the lack of psychometrically sound and convenient-to-use measures. We aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the briefest version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZPTI-15). METHODS A sample of community Arabic-speaking Adults from Lebanon (N = 423, 68.6% females, mean age 29.19 ± 12.54 years) were administered the Arabic ZPTI-15. The forward and backward translation method was adopted. RESULTS Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) revealed that the five-factor model exhibited a good fit to the data. The five ZTPI-15 subscales yielded a McDonald's omega ranging from 0.43 to 0.84. Multi-group CFA ascertained the invariance of the Arabic ZTPI-15 across gender at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Our findings support divergent validity of the scale by showing positive correlations between past negative, present fatalistic, present hedonistic dimensions, and psychological distress; as well as negative correlations between past positive, future focused dimensions, and distress. CONCLUSION The Arabic ZTPI-15 is easy-to-use, valid, reliable, and will hopefully enable the conduction of future research in the field to purposively provide comprehensive insight into the time perspective patterns and correlates in Arab countries, and the broad Arabic-speaking community globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdallah Chahine
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Mhanna
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Christian Joseph El Zouki
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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18
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Zeng X, Luo P, Wang T, Wang H, Shen X. Screening visual environment impact factors and the restorative effect of four visual environment components in large-space alternative care facilities. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2023; 235:110221. [PMID: 36970043 PMCID: PMC10027311 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternative care facilities (ACFs) based on large-space public buildings were widely used early at the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, studies have shown that the indoor spatial environment of ACFs can significantly induce mental health problems among users. Thus, this study hypothesizes that improving the visual environment in the interiors of large-space ACFs may reduce mental health problems among users. To verify this hypothesis, this study used critical analysis to screen the influencing factors and used analytic hierarchy process analysis to determine the weights. Particularly, the analyses were based on ACF research in Wuhan and questionnaire surveys of patients with experience using ACFs. Subsequently, virtual reality experiments were conducted to measure physiological indicators and subjective questionnaire collection based on the orthogonal experimental design of the four screened visual environment components. The results revealed the following related to large-space ACFs: 1) Lifestyle support was the most dominant patient requirement and preference for the visual environment. 2) The visual environment can influence the participants' efficiency of psychological stress relief, emotional regulation, and subjective perception. 3) Different design characteristics of the four visual environment components were causally related to restorative effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing patients' preferences and psychological needs for the visual environment of large-space ACFs and combining subjective and objective measures to investigate the restorative effects of the visual environment. Improving the quality of the visual environment in large-space ACFs presents an effective intervention for alleviating the psychological problems of admitted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Zeng
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Taiyang Wang
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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19
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Froggio G, Vettorato G, Lori M. COVID-19 Pandemic as Subjective Repeated Strains and its Effects on Deviant Behavior in a Sample of Italian Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023:306624X231159889. [PMID: 36992522 PMCID: PMC10064194 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231159889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although over the past 2 years several studies have been carried out on the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people, few of them investigated the pandemic as psychosocial strain and its effects on deviant behaviors. According to Agnew's General Strain Theory, a repeated objective psychosocial strain, such as the pandemic, exerts pressure on deviance when individuals associate with deviant peers and have weak attachment to parents. Using a sample of 568 young Italians (ages: 15-20 years; 65.8% females, 34.2% males) from north, central and south Italy, we tested for the possible correlation between COVID-19 as a repeated psychosocial strain, deviant behaviors and the role of some coping strategies not included in the Agnew's original theoretical formulation. Results back the thesis that, considering the COVID-19 pandemic as a repeated subjective strain, affect deviance results primarily through association with deviant peers and less through weak attachment with family. The mediating role of coping strategies was found to be weak. The predominant role of the peer group in the genesis of deviant responses to strain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto Froggio
- University Institute “Progetto Uomo,” Montefiascone, Italy
- Salesian Pontifical University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Lori
- Italian National Statistic Institute, Rome, Italy
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20
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Ma N, Yu G, Jin X, Zhu X. Quantified multidimensional public sentiment characteristics on social media for public opinion management: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1097796. [PMID: 37006559 PMCID: PMC10060635 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1097796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPublic sentiments arising from public opinion communication pose a serious psychological risk to public and interfere the communication of nonpharmacological intervention information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Problems caused by public sentiments need to be timely addressed and resolved to support public opinion management.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the quantified multidimensional public sentiments characteristics for helping solve the public sentiments issues and strengthen public opinion management.MethodsThis study collected the user interaction data from the Weibo platform, including 73,604 Weibo posts and 1,811,703 Weibo comments. Deep learning based on pretraining model, topics clustering and correlation analysis were used to conduct quantitative analysis on time series characteristics, content-based characteristics and audience response characteristics of public sentiments in public opinion during the pandemic.ResultsThe research findings were as follows: first, public sentiments erupted after priming, and the time series of public sentiments had window periods. Second, public sentiments were related to public discussion topics. The more negative the audience sentiments were, the more deeply the public participated in public discussions. Third, audience sentiments were independent of Weibo posts and user attributes, the steering role of opinion leaders was invalid in changing audience sentiments.DiscussionSince the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increasing demand for public opinion management on social media. Our study on the quantified multidimensional public sentiments characteristics is one of the methodological contributions to reinforce public opinion management from a practical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Guang Yu
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Yu
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhu
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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21
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Pitacho L, da Palma PJ, Correia P, Cordeiro JP. From Passion to Abyss: The Mental Health of Athletes during COVID-19 Lockdown. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:613-625. [PMID: 36975399 PMCID: PMC10047508 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak and pandemic of COVID-19 forced people into extreme isolation and social distancing, with significant limitations on various activity sectors, including sports. This study aimed to assess the psychological health status of athletes during sports lockdown. Additionally, we intend to verify the mediating role of sleep disorders in stress perception and subjective happiness. Our sample was composed of 1492 Portuguese athletes from eight different team sports. During sports lockdown, athletes were found to have high stress levels and low subjective happiness levels and experience sleep disorders. Finally, these results conclude that sports lockdowns harm athletes’ psychological health and well-being. Pay cuts to athletes are an extra stress factor that exacerbate these adverse effects on psychological health. Finally, sleep is a mediator variable between stress perception and subjective happiness levels. This study’s significant contributions, limitations, and future directions are discussed in the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Pitacho
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, Centro de Investigação em Ciências Empresariais (CICE-IPS), 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
- INTEC—Instituto de Tecnologia Comportamental, 1600-772 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: or
| | - Patrícia Jardim da Palma
- INTEC—Instituto de Tecnologia Comportamental, 1600-772 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal
- CAPP—Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas (ISCSP), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Correia
- INTEC—Instituto de Tecnologia Comportamental, 1600-772 Lisboa, Portugal
- Institute for Legal Research (UCILeR), University of Coimbra, 3000-018 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Cordeiro
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, Centro de Investigação em Ciências Empresariais (CICE-IPS), 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
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22
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Li H. I'm Offering You My Pain: Priming COVID-19 Salience Increases Everyday Sadism. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231159611. [PMID: 36823028 PMCID: PMC9950809 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231159611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its link to the emergence of everyday sadism is a matter of public concern worldwide. However, previous studies are nearly silent regarding the causal relationship between the two variables. We address this gap by theorizing that exposure to information about coronavirus can increase sadistic behavior by inducing state boredom. We conducted three complementary controlled experiments, which comprised multiple participants populations (N = 784, student and community samples) and measurement techniques of sadism, to test our theoretical perspective. Based on self-report measures, Study 1 found that Chinese university students who were exposed to a reminder of COVID-19 exhibited a higher level of everyday sadism than participants in the control condition. Study 2 replicated this finding in a more generalized population. Additionally, results revealed that state boredom mediated this effect. Moving beyond subjective self-report data in Studies 1 and 2, Study 3 assessed a different behavioral operationalization of sadistic tendencies, namely, shredding worms. As expected, priming COVID-19 salience has an immediate, statistically significant influence on sadistic behavior in impactful real-world contexts. Overall, these findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic not only has grave effects on economy and society, but has implications for the malevolent side of human nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Hughes E. Meaninglessness and monotony in pandemic boredom. PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE COGNITIVE SCIENCES 2023; 22:1-15. [PMID: 36713814 PMCID: PMC9857899 DOI: 10.1007/s11097-023-09888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Boredom is an affective experience that can involve pervasive feelings of meaninglessness, emptiness, restlessness, frustration, weariness and indifference, as well as the slowing down of time. An increasing focus of research in many disciplines, interest in boredom has been intensified by the recent Covid-19 pandemic, where social distancing measures have induced both a widespread loss of meaning and a significant disturbance of temporal experience. This article explores the philosophical significance of this aversive experience of 'pandemic boredom.' Using Heidegger's work as a unique vantage point, this article draws on survey data collected by researchers in an ongoing project titled 'Experiences of Social Distancing During the Covid-19 Pandemic' to give an original phenomenological interpretation of the meaninglessness and monotony of pandemic boredom. On a Heideggerian interpretation, pandemic boredom involves either a situative confrontation with relative meaninglessness that upholds our absorption in the everyday world, or an existential confrontation with absolute meaninglessness that forces us to take up the question of our existence. Arguing that boredom during the pandemic makes this distinction difficult to sustain, I consider some of the ways in which pandemic boredom might be seen to expose and then exceed the distinctive methodological limitations of Heidegger's philosophical interpretation of boredom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hughes
- Department of Philosophy, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
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24
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Bambrah V, Wyman A, Eastwood JD. A longitudinal approach to understanding boredom during pandemics: The predictive roles of trauma and emotion dysregulation. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1050073. [PMID: 36710786 PMCID: PMC9880451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research during the COVID-19 pandemic and prior outbreaks suggest that boredom is linked to poor compliance with critical lifesaving social distancing and quarantine guidelines, as well as to numerous mental health difficulties. As such, continued understanding on what contributes to boredom is imperative. Extending beyond the roles of constraint, monotony, and trait dispositions (e.g., individual differences in boredom propensity), and informed by prior theories on the emotional contributors of boredom, the current longitudinal study examined the predictive role of "pandemic trauma" on people's boredom, with a focus on how emotion dysregulation mediates this relationship. Community participants (N = 345) completed questionnaires three times across an average of 3 1/2 weeks, rating their pandemic trauma, emotion dysregulation, and boredom over the past week each time. Pandemic trauma was assessed with items querying exposure to coronavirus, as well as the financial, resource-related, and interpersonal pandemic stressors that participants experienced. Emotion dysregulation was assessed with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Boredom was assessed with the short-form Multidimensional State Boredom Scale. The results of a theory-informed mediation model showed that participants' pandemic trauma at Time 1 positively and modestly predicted their boredom at Time 3 and that this relationship was partially and moderately mediated by participants' lack of emotional clarity and difficulties with engaging in goal-directed behaviors at Time 2. When people experience pandemic-related trauma, they subsequently struggle to understand their feelings and engage in goal-oriented actions, and, in turn, feel more bored. Theoretical and clinical implications as related to the emotional underpinnings of boredom are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerpal Bambrah
- Boredom Lab, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Nobile V, Puoci F. Effect of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation to Manage Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial. Neuropsychobiology 2023; 82:61-71. [PMID: 36634645 PMCID: PMC9843736 DOI: 10.1159/000527956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected every aspect of the modern society, from health to socioeconomics, leading people to experience high levels of stress. METHODS A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to investigate the ability of a food supplement containing two probiotic strains, Limosilactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077, in supporting 33 healthy adults, working at a university, in stress management. The efficacy of the tested strains in influencing the stress response, in terms of mood and sleep behavior, was assessed using the following validated questionnaires: Profile of Mood State (POMS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS Outcomes of the POMS and the PSQI demonstrated a significant reduction of the questionnaire's scores both versus baseline and placebo after 30 days of probiotic intake. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, the probiotic food supplement investigated showed a remarkable effect on stress management by improving the quality of sleep and the mood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy,*Francesco Puoci,
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Gundogan S. The Relationship of COVID-19 Student Stress with School Burnout, Depression and Subjective Well-Being: Adaptation of the COVID-19 Student Stress Scale into Turkish. THE ASIA-PACIFIC EDUCATION RESEARCHER 2023; 32. [PMCID: PMC8760107 DOI: 10.1007/s40299-021-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused psychological problems in all age groups since it emerged from the first day. One of the most important groups has been affected negatively during the COVID-19 pandemic process are university students. One of the negative situations caused by the pandemic process in university students is student stress caused by COVID-19. To assess stress situations in Italian culture, the COVID-19 student stress scale (CSS-S) has been developed. In this context, the aim of this study was to adapt the CSS-S into Turkish. Another aim of the study was to investigate the direct and indirect relationships of COVID-19 student stress with school burnout, depression and subjective well-being. The participants of the study were 485 Turkish university students. The values obtained with the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the factor structure of CSS-S is satisfying (χ2/df = 2.99, AGFI = .95, TLI = .93, CFI = .96, IFI = .96, REMSEA = .06, SRMR = .04). Moreover, it was found that school burnout has a mediating role in the relationship between COVID-19 student stress and depression and subjective well-being (χstructure of CSS-S is satisfying/df = 2.41, AGFI = .87, TLI = .91, CFI = .91, IFI = .91, REMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05). These findings imply that psychosocial intervention studies to reduce COVID-19 student stress can reduce students' school burnout and depression. It also implies that these psychosocial intervention studies can have a positive impact on students' subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Gundogan
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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Fernandez Velasco P, Perroy B, Gurchani U, Casati R. Experiencing a slow passage of time was an indicator of social and temporal disorientation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22338. [PMID: 36572680 PMCID: PMC9792449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Time dilation was experienced in most countries and across the several years of the Covid-19 crisis: the passage of time was deemed slower than before the pandemic, and the distance to the beginning of the pandemic seemed longer than it really was. An outstanding question is how these two aspects of time judgements relate to other temporal, social and affective disturbances. We developed and validated a 59-item questionnaire to explore these questions. 3306 participants completed the questionnaire in France in May and June 2021. Here, we analyse group differences and find that both slow passage of time and long distance judgements were associated with larger disturbances across all domains under study. These included temporal disruptions-the aptness to project oneself into the future, the sense of a rift between pre-pandemic and pandemic time, the ability to locate oneself in time, the capacity to recall the order of past events-, as well as an overall sense of social disorientation, and trauma-specific disturbances. In contrast, both fast passage of time and short distance judgements were associated with beneficial effects across all of the mentioned domains. Our results indicate that perceived passage of time and temporal distance judgements are key indicators of social and temporal disorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastien Perroy
- grid.483425.cInstitut Jean Nicod (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Umer Gurchani
- grid.483425.cInstitut Jean Nicod (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Roberto Casati
- grid.483425.cInstitut Jean Nicod (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Paris, France
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Li Y, Chu X. Aggressive behavior, boredom, and protective factors among college students during closed-off management of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1012536. [PMID: 36591009 PMCID: PMC9800806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1012536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese colleges have implemented strict closed-off management in response to the outbreak of a new variant of the new coronavirus, Omicron. But such management measures may lead to more aggressive behavior. The study aimed to determine the associations between boredom and aggressive behavior with aggression and to examine the impact of boredom on aggression through the moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Methods The Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory were applied to a sample of 719 college students who were in a closed-off management environment. Results For individuals with high cognitive flexibility, the relationship between state boredom and proactive aggression was not significant. The relationship between state boredom and proactive aggression was significantly positively correlated for individuals with low cognitive flexibility, especially low substitutability. Cognitive flexibility has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between state boredom and reactive aggression. Conclusion The findings highlighted the importance of boredom as a potential risk factor for aggression, while cognitive flexibility appears as a potential protective factor.
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Bambrah V, Wardell JD, Keough MT. Longitudinal co-trajectories of depression and alcohol problems in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36531195 PMCID: PMC9748906 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We examined person-centered heterogeneity in the longitudinal co-development of depression and alcohol problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. We also investigated the risk factors (personality and coping) for being in "higher" relative to "lower" risk subgroups of combined depressive symptoms and alcohol problems. Canadian participants (N = 364, M age = 32.16, 54.67% male) completed questionnaires four times every three months, starting approximately 2 months after Canada announced its COVID-19 State-of-Emergency. Parallel-process latent class growth analysis found evidence for three latent subgroups: a "moderate increasing depression and alcohol problems" subgroup (Class 1); a "moderate stable depression, moderate decreasing alcohol problems" subgroup (Class 2); and a "low-risk normative" subgroup (with mild depression that was stable and mild alcohol problems that decreased; Class 3). Multinomial logistic regressions found that higher levels of hopelessness, impulsivity, and boredom proneness distinguished Class 1 from Class 3. Further, lower levels of general self-efficacy distinguished Class 1 from Classes 2 and 3. Linear mixed models found that Class 1 increasingly used maladaptive avoidant coping strategies (denial, drugs/alcohol, behavioural disengagement) as the pandemic progressed, whereas Class 2 increasingly used adaptive approach-oriented strategies (planning, seeking emotional support from others). We analyzed longitudinal data to detect classes of individuals with depressive and alcohol-related difficulties during COVID-19 and to characterize the vulnerability factors for increased difficulties. Highlighting the heterogeneity in the co-trajectory of depression and alcohol problems during COVID-19 and the personality and coping factors associated with combined increases in these mental health difficulties can inform treatment practices and bolster peoples' preparedness and resilience for future pandemics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-04109-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerpal Bambrah
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Behavioural Sciences Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Jeffrey D. Wardell
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Behavioural Sciences Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Matthew T. Keough
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Behavioural Sciences Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
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Ang WHD, Chew HSJ, Dong J, Yi H, Mahendren R, Lau Y. Digital training for building resilience: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Stress Health 2022; 38:848-869. [PMID: 35460533 PMCID: PMC10084366 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is learnable and broadly described as an individual's adaptive coping ability, its potential value for stress reduction must be explored. With a global coronavirus pandemic, innovative ways to deliver resilience training amidst heightened mental health concerns must be urgently examined. This systematic review aimed to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of digital training for building resilience and reducing anxiety, depressive and stress symptoms and (2) to identify essential features for designing future digital training. A three-step search was conducted in eight electronic databases, trial registries and grey literature to locate eligible studies. Randomised controlled trials examining the effects of digital training aimed at enhancing resilience were included. Data analysis was conducted using the Stata version 17. Twenty-two randomised controlled trials involving 2876 participants were included. Meta-analysis revealed that digital training significantly enhanced the participants' resilience with moderate to large effect (g = 0.54-1.09) at post-intervention and follow-up. Subgroup analyses suggested that training delivered via the Internet with a flexible programme schedule was more effective than its counterparts. This review supports the use of digital training in improving resilience. Further high-quality randomised controlled trials with large sample size are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei How Darryl Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Dong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huso Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendren
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Lau
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang J, Wang C, Gu X, Sun Y. Lockdown in Chinese university dormitories: Significant increase in negative feelings and time perception distortion. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22833. [PMID: 36718134 PMCID: PMC9877836 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global crisis resulting in lockdowns worldwide. Studies found that these could amplify negative affects predictive of disturbances in time perception. However, all existing studies on this topic concentrated on the general population during a lockdown at home. There was no research on university students living in dormitories. This study fills a gap in the literature by investigating the affective states and awareness of the passage of time of Chinese university students during an exceptional dormitory lockdown. Using a snowball sampling approach, this web-based study recruited 225 volunteers (136 girls, 17-27 years old) during a dormitory lockdown. The online survey consisted of questions on demographic information, affective states (the Chinese version of the depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) on depression, anxiety, and stress), and sense of the passage of time (the translated version of the assessment of passage of time over daily, weekly and yearly periods). The researchers shared the questionnaire link via the social media application WeChat. The study applied descriptive statistics and column charts to represent students' affective states and sense of the passage of time under extreme conditions and Pearson's correlation analysis to examine the impact of affective states on their sense of time. The study's results indicate that the dormitory lockdown caused a significant increase in all depression, anxiety, and stress categories of the DASS-21, as well as a distortion of the sense of time passing. However, the direction of the distortion differed from that in previous studies. Moreover, a Pearson correlation analysis showed that none of the three negative affects could be associated with students' sense of time. The findings of this study indicate an increased vulnerability of students due to the lockdown. Their emotions were strongly affected, requiring particular interventions to preserve their mental well-being. In addition, they showed a different distortion direction of time passage. Finally, they differed in the correlations between negative affect and the sense of passage of time compared to the general population in lockdown at home. This shows a need to investigate the impact of psychological states on students' routines and quality of life in emergencies. This study's scope should be expanded by incorporating additional factors pertaining to the passage of time and by integrating cross-cultural comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- School of English Teacher EducationXi'an International Studies UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chen Wang
- School of English Teacher EducationXi'an International Studies UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- School of English Teacher EducationXi'an International Studies UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yi Sun
- Center for Linguistics and Applied LinguisticsGuangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhouChina
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Venkatesan S, Joshi IA. 'The time is out of joint': temporality, COVID-19 and graphic medicine. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2022; 48:e15. [PMID: 35301268 PMCID: PMC8948076 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2021-012357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to theorise the human experiences of time during the lockdown (in the first phase of the pandemic) and the COVID-19 pandemic through the verbo-visual exposition of graphic medicine that combines the medium of comics and healthcare. The event of the pandemic has not only bifurcated our perception of time in terms of a 'before' and an 'after' but also complicated our awareness and experience of time. Put differently, an epochal transformation caused by pandemics has shifted our temporal experience from the calendar/clock time to a queer time situated outside of formal time-related constructions. The pandemic also implies a dismantling and rearranging of the fundamental structures of time within which human beings interacted with the world. Such a discontinuity in the linear trajectory of chronological time engenders an epistemic and ontological reconfiguration of the very sense of time itself. Through a phenomenological close reading of various sequential comics, single panelled images and graphic medical narratives, this article investigates how visual narratives in the form of comics communicate the passage of time. Categorically speaking, pandemic graphic narratives on time draw attention to stagnation, repetition, acceleration, loss of referentiality and the queerness (strangeness) of pandemic time. The article argues that a shift in the perception of time precipitates an altered spatio-temporal awareness that informs postpandemic discourses and power structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyaraj Venkatesan
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Ishani Anwesha Joshi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Confinement : construction d’une nouvelle représentation sociale chez les étudiants et les salariés. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Development and validation of a quantitative instrument for measuring temporal and social disorientation in the Covid-19 crisis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264604. [PMCID: PMC9671314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a quantitative Instrument for measuring Temporal and Social Disorientation (ITSD), aimed at major crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Disorientation has been identified as one of the central elements of the psychological impact of the Covid-19 era on the general public, but so far, the question has only been approached qualitatively. This paper offers an empirical, quantitative approach to the multi-faceted disorientation of the Covid-19 pandemic by operationalising the issue with the help of the ITSD. The ITSD was developed through multiple stages involving a preliminary open-ended questionnaire followed by a coder-based thematic analysis. This paper establishes the reliability and validity of the resulting ITSD using a 3-step validation process on a sample size of 3306.
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Alonzo D, Popescu M. A qualitative examination of the mental health impact of Covid-19 in marginalized communities in Guatemala: The Covid Care Calls survey. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1435-1444. [PMID: 34176356 PMCID: PMC8242680 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211028612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health impact of Covid-19 from the perspective of individuals experiencing psychological distress during lockdown period in marginalized, high-risk communities remains underinvestigated. AIMS This study aims to identify key factors related to psychological distress resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic across highly vulnerable districts in Guatemala. METHODS The Covid Care Calls (CCC) survey was administered to households in 11 districts in Guatemala to gather information about medical, mental health, and psychosocial status during the lockdown period; provide referral for care; and disseminate information on evidence-based protective measures to stem the spread of the virus. The 330 individuals participated the survey. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze survey data. RESULTS Most commonly reported mental health issues since the start of the pandemic were anxiety (46%), stress (36%), and exacerbation of pre-Covid-19 mental health conditions (19%). Depression and burnout were equally reported by 12% of participants. Only 2% reported issues with safety in the home. Concerns about catching the virus and economic worries were the most commonly reported sources of psychological distress. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicate a high prevalence of anxiety, stress, and increased prior mental health symptoms resulting from the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in low-income, high-risk communities across Guatemala. Efforts focused on enhancing coping strategies as well as psychoeducation to address stigma and increase help-seeking for depression are particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Alonzo
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,Suicide Prevention Research Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marciana Popescu
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,Suicide Prevention Research Program, New York, NY, USA
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Rioux PA, Chaumon M, Demers A, Fitzback-Fortin H, Kübel SL, Lebrun C, Mendoza-Duran E, Micillo L, Racine C, Thibault N, van Wassenhove V, Grondin S. Psychological Time during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Canadian Data. TIMING & TIME PERCEPTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/22134468-bja10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures have affected routines and mental well-being of people around the world. Research also shows distorted time perception during lockdowns which can partially be explained by compromised well-being. The present study investigates Canadians’ temporal experience and mental well-being at two periods of national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic (spring 2020: n = 66; beginning of 2021: n = 100). As results indicate, the only difference between these periods on the investigated variables was the strictness of lockdown measures. Our findings show associations between anxiety, depression, confinement indicators, and time perception (future temporal distance, passage of time judgments). Stepwise regression models indicated that depression and strictness of measures predicted the impression that the next week appeared farther away; one’s loneliness appraisal was associated with a perceived slower time flow. Our findings give a preliminary idea about time perception and mental well-being in the Canadian lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilien Chaumon
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Unversité, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de NeuroImagerie Recherche (CENIR), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Demers
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Sebastian L. Kübel
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, 79100 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Catherine Lebrun
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Luigi Micillo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Charles Racine
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicola Thibault
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Simon Grondin
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Micillo L, Rioux PA, Mendoza E, Kübel SL, Cellini N, Van Wassenhove V, Grondin S, Mioni G. Time perspective predicts levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-cultural study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269396. [PMID: 36174058 PMCID: PMC9521906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak and governmental measures to keep the population safe had a great impact on many aspects of society, including well-being. Using data from N = 1281 participants from six countries (Argentina, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, and Turkey), we first explored differences in anxiety, depression (measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), and time perspectives (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory; ZTPI), between these countries during the first weeks of the pandemic. We observed that Turkish participants reported the highest levels of anxiety, and Japanese and Greek the lowest. For depression symptoms, the Japanese scored highest and Italians lowest. Next, for each country, we investigated how well the relatively time-stable personality traits of time perspectives, chronotype (reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; rMEQ), and Big Five personality traits (short Big Five Inventory; BFI) predicted the levels of anxiety and depression (HADS). The regression analyses showed that negative attitudes towards the past predicted the levels of both anxiety and depression in most of the countries we analyzed. Additionally, in many countries, a Past Positive orientation negatively predicted depression whereas the Present Fatalistic subscale predicted anxiety and depression. The chronotype did not contribute additionally to the models. The Big Five traits (and particularly neuroticism) showed substantial incremental explanatory power for anxiety in some countries but did not consistently predict anxiety levels. For depression, the additional variance accounted for by including the BFI as predictors was rather small. Importantly, the ZTPI subscales were retained as significant predictors in the model still when the BFI and rMEQ were considered as potential predictors. Our results yield evidence that the ZTPI time perspectives are valuable predictors for anxiety and depression levels during the first period of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Micillo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Sebastian L. Kübel
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Virginie Van Wassenhove
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Simon Grondin
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Longitudinal associations between physical activity and other health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: a fixed effects analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15956. [PMID: 36153415 PMCID: PMC9509399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGovernment enforced restrictions on movement during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have had profound impacts on the daily behaviours of many individuals, including physical activity (PA). Given the associations between PA and other health behaviours, changes in PA during the pandemic may have been detrimental for other health behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate whether changes in PA during and after the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom (UK) were associated with concurrent changes in alcohol consumption, sleep, nutrition quality, diet quantity and sedentary time. Data were derived from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study, in which 52,784 adults were followed weekly across 22 weeks of the pandemic from 23rd March to 23rd August 2020. Fixed effects regression models showed that greater PA was positively associated with improved sleep and nutrition quality. However, increases in PA also showed modest associations with increased alcohol consumption and sedentary time. Encouraging people to engage in PA may lead to wider changes in other health behaviours in times of adversity. These associations could be a result of increases in available leisure time for many people during COVID-19 restrictions and are of ongoing importance given the emerging long-term changes to lifestyle and working patterns.
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Abdolrezapour P, Ghanbari N. Emotional-based pedagogy and facilitating EFL learners' perceived flow in online education. Front Psychol 2022; 13:960287. [PMID: 36186374 PMCID: PMC9521499 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.960287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the fundamental role of emotional intelligence (EI) in learning, especially in virtual learning contexts where individuals experience more stress and anxiety, the need to understand and recognize one's own feelings and the mutual feelings of peers has gained more importance. Flow as the ultimate state in harnessing emotions in the service of performance and learning has been introduced as the main reason for one's willingness to perform activities which are connected to no external motivation. In this regard, the present study was conducted to first introduce a new educational program to enhance the EI level in the English as a foreign language (EFL) online education environment and next to investigate the possibility of raising EFL learners' perceived flow. To achieve these goals, the study recruited a sample of 67 EFL learners who were next divided into experimental (n = 32) and control (n = 35) groups. The experimental group received the EI intervention over 10 weeks and the control group received the ordinary online EFL instruction. Data were collected through EI and flow questionnaires and semi-structured interviews which focused on learners' perception of the EI intervention and signs of enhanced flow. Statistical analysis of the data showed a positive effect of the program on the learners' EI and their perceived flow. The study emphasizes the role of applying positive emotions in making language learners more engaged in online classroom tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Abdolrezapour
- Department of English, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parisa Abdolrezapour ;
| | - Nasim Ghanbari
- Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
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Examining the Longitudinal Associations between Adjustment Disorder Symptoms and Boredom during COVID-19. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12090311. [PMID: 36135115 PMCID: PMC9495664 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a myriad of stressors, underscoring the relevance of adjustment disorder during these extraordinary times. Boredom—as a feeling and as a dispositional characteristic—is an equally pertinent experience during the pandemic that has been cross-sectionally linked to various mental health difficulties. The current longitudinal study expanded on this work, examining the associations between adjustment disorder symptoms and boredom (both as a feeling and as a trait) over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Community participants completed questionnaires three times, rating their trait boredom at Time 1 and their feelings of boredom and adjustment disorder symptoms (preoccupation with a pandemic stressor and failure to adapt) over the past week at Times 1–3. Latent growth curve analyses found that an increase in feelings of boredom was significantly associated with increased preoccupation with a pandemic stressor and increased difficulties with adapting over time. Additionally, trait boredom significantly predicted changes in preoccupation and the failure to adapt, such that participants high in trait boredom increasingly struggled with these symptoms over time. Our results suggest that increased feelings of boredom and a trait disposition towards boredom can be detrimental to people’s ability to adjust over time to the stressors associated with the pandemic. Boredom, as an aversive state and as a chronic difficulty, may be important to address in treatment approaches for adjustment disorder symptoms during COVID-19.
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Amer SA, Abd-Ellatif EE, Hughes P, Al-Enazi HMG, AlHasan A, Amer MA, Alruhaimi AF, Elsayed M. Emotional Contagion Scale and Mental Health Status during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic, National Assessment. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792208200. [PMID: 37274863 PMCID: PMC10156037 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2208200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background This great pandemic of COVID-19 has been a unique stressor that affected all communities in 2020. This study aims to examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia and to study the emotional cognition scale in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 857 inhabitants randomly selected from the 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia, using a validated self-administrated questionnaire comprising six sections. The collected data were summarized and analyzed. Results Among the majority of the studied participants, 377 (44.0%) were aged from 35 to less than 50 y. There were 489 (57.1%) females and 368 (42.9%) males, 616 (71.9%) Saudi nationals, 715 (83.4%) university-educated or postgraduate, 619 (72.2%) unmarried and 238 (27.8%) married, and 663 (77.4%) living in areas under partial lockdown. The resultant elevated total depression score was statistically significant (p<0.05) for the following: participants younger than 35y, females, Saudis, those with lower education levels, those who were married, students, those with work suspension during the COVID-19 pandemic, and amongst those who experienced complete lockdown. Among the majority of the studied participants, 355 (41.2%) showed mild depression, and 281(32.6) showed moderate anxiety, and were in the growth zone. In addition, the elevated total anxiety score was statistically significant (p<0.05) amongst the following; younger participants, females, Saudi nationals, those with lower educational levels, those who were unmarried, students, those with telework, and those with no curfew. Conclusion The adverse mental health effects were more prevalent among particular groups of the population, such as females, adults under 35 years old, students, those with lower educational attainments, and those suffering from chronic illnesses. Anxiety was significantly correlated with depression. The practice of preventive measures, e.g., wearing masks, and social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19, may have had psychological benefits during the pandemic. Summary We assessed the mental health status in Saudi Arabia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mild depression and moderate anxiety were prevalent problems, with many determinants and interrelations. Fear was the most infectious emotion, while happiness was the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A. Amer
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Member at the Royal College of General Practitioners (INT), London, UK
| | - Eman Elsayed Abd-Ellatif
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Hadi Mahdi Ghazai Al-Enazi
- Nursing Specialty, Director of the Anti-Smoking Program in Al-Qassim, Ministry of Health (MOH), Saudi Arabia, SA
| | - Ahmed AlHasan
- MD, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, SA
| | - Mostafa A. Amer
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asma Faleh Alruhaimi
- Department of Epidemiology, General Directorate of Health Programs and Chronic Disease, MOH, SA
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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42
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Isham EA, Lomayesva S, Teng J. Time estimation and passage of time judgment predict eating behaviors during COVID-19 lockdown. Front Psychol 2022; 13:961092. [PMID: 36081727 PMCID: PMC9444799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor eating habits often lead to health concerns. While mental health conditions such as stress and anxiety have been linked as predictors for eating behaviors, cognitive factors may also contribute to eating practices during the early stages of the mandatory COVID-19 lockdown. In the current study, participants responded to a survey that asked them to judge the passing of time (PoTJ) and to produce short intervals (via a time production task) as an index of the internal clock speed. Additionally, they responded to questions about snacking frequency and the tendency to overeat during lockdown. We observed that those who judged time to pass slowly also reported a greater tendency to snack and overeat during the pandemic. Additional analysis also revealed that the effect of PoTJ on snacking is moderated by the internal clock speed such that those who felt time was passing by slowly, and in combination with a faster internal clock (as indexed by shorter duration production), had a greater tendency to snack. The results suggest that different aspects of temporal cognition play potential roles in influencing different types of eating behaviors. Our findings therefore have implications for eating disorders, along with the potential of time-based intervention or behavioral modification approaches.
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Weiss ER, Todman M, Maple E, Bunn RR. Boredom in a Time of Uncertainty: State and Trait Boredom's Associations with Psychological Health during COVID-19. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12080298. [PMID: 36004869 PMCID: PMC9405470 DOI: 10.3390/bs12080298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have demonstrated increases in boredom and its negative impact on mental health. This cross-sectional study examines state and trait boredom at four different points of the pandemic using an online sample of participants from the United States (n = 783). The results showed significant increases in boredom proneness, state boredom, substance use, loneliness, and distress. Boredom was associated with increases in each of these variables and a greater likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19. Moreover, the increases in distress, loneliness, and substance use became non-significant when controlling for boredom. Boredom proneness remained associated with all adverse outcomes when accounting for state boredom. In contrast, the relationships between state boredom and most adverse outcomes lost significance when controlling for boredom proneness, and state boredom was positively associated with increased hope for the future. Overall, the results suggest that high boredom proneness is an important vulnerability factor for poor psychological health and risky behaviors during the pandemic. However, high levels of recent state boredom, independent of boredom proneness, do not predict similarly negative outcomes. State boredom may indicate the extent to which one remains hopeful that circumstances will improve without resorting to risky, potentially maladaptive coping strategies.
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Chaumon M, Rioux PA, Herbst SK, Spiousas I, Kübel SL, Gallego Hiroyasu EM, Runyun ŞL, Micillo L, Thanopoulos V, Mendoza-Duran E, Wagelmans A, Mudumba R, Tachmatzidou O, Cellini N, D'Argembeau A, Giersch A, Grondin S, Gronfier C, Igarzábal FA, Klarsfeld A, Jovanovic L, Laje R, Lannelongue E, Mioni G, Nicolaï C, Srinivasan N, Sugiyama S, Wittmann M, Yotsumoto Y, Vatakis A, Balcı F, van Wassenhove V. The Blursday database as a resource to study subjective temporalities during COVID-19. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1587-1599. [PMID: 35970902 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns triggered worldwide changes in the daily routines of human experience. The Blursday database provides repeated measures of subjective time and related processes from participants in nine countries tested on 14 questionnaires and 15 behavioural tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2,840 participants completed at least one task, and 439 participants completed all tasks in the first session. The database and all data collection tools are accessible to researchers for studying the effects of social isolation on temporal information processing, time perspective, decision-making, sleep, metacognition, attention, memory, self-perception and mindfulness. Blursday includes quantitative statistics such as sleep patterns, personality traits, psychological well-being and lockdown indices. The database provides quantitative insights on the effects of lockdown (stringency and mobility) and subjective confinement on time perception (duration, passage of time and temporal distances). Perceived isolation affects time perception, and we report an inter-individual central tendency effect in retrospective duration estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Chaumon
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de NeuroImagerie Recherche (CENIR), Paris, France.
| | | | - Sophie K Herbst
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian L Kübel
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Şerife Leman Runyun
- Department of Psychology and Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luigi Micillo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vassilis Thanopoulos
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece.,Department of History and Philosophy of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anna Wagelmans
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Ramya Mudumba
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Ourania Tachmatzidou
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arnaud D'Argembeau
- Department of Psychology, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition, Université de Liège, F.R.S.-FNRS, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Giersch
- Université de Strasbourg, Unité mixte INSERM U1114, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simon Grondin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Waking Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | | | - André Klarsfeld
- Laboratoire Plasticité du Cerveau, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris PSL, Paris, France
| | - Ljubica Jovanovic
- Université de Strasbourg, Unité mixte INSERM U1114, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital civil, Strasbourg, France.,School of Psychology, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rodrigo Laje
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Lannelongue
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cyril Nicolaï
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France.,Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires, Paris, France
| | - Narayanan Srinivasan
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Shogo Sugiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Argiro Vatakis
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Fuat Balcı
- Department of Psychology and Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France.
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Holman EA, Jones NM, Garfin DR, Silver RC. Distortions in time perception during collective trauma: Insights from a national longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2022:2022-88055-001. [PMID: 35925689 PMCID: PMC9898469 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the protracted collective trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic, lay of distorted perceptions of time (e.g., time slowing, days blurring together, uncertainty about the future) have been widespread. Known as "temporal disintegration" in psychiatric literature, these distortions are associated with negative mental health consequences. However, the prevalence and predictors of temporal disintegration are poorly understood. We examined perceptions of time passing and their associations with lifetime stress and trauma and pandemic-related secondary stress as COVID-19 spread across the United States. METHOD A probability-based national sample (N = 5,661) from the NORC AmeriSpeak online panel, which had completed a mental and physical health survey prior to the pandemic, completed two surveys online during March 18-April 18, 2020, and September 26-October 16, 2020. Distorted time perceptions and other pandemic-related experiences were assessed. RESULTS Present focus, blurring weekdays and weekdays together, and uncertainty about the future were common experiences reported by over 65% of the sample 6 months into the pandemic. Half of the sample reported time speeding up or slowing down. Predictors of temporal disintegration include prepandemic mental health diagnoses, daily pandemic-related media exposure and secondary stress (e.g., school closures, lockdown), financial stress, and lifetime stress and trauma exposure. CONCLUSION During the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, distortions in time perception were very common and associated with prepandemic mental health, lifetime stress and trauma exposure, and pandemic-related media exposure and stressors. Given that temporal disintegration is a risk factor for mental health challenges, these findings have potential implications for public mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Alison Holman
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine,Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Nickolas M. Jones
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Dana Rose Garfin
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine,Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine
| | - Roxane Cohen Silver
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine,Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine
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46
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Tam KYY, Chan CS, van Tilburg WAP, Lavi I, Lau JYF. Boredom belief moderates the mental health impact of boredom among young people: Correlational and multi-wave longitudinal evidence gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pers 2022; 91:638-652. [PMID: 35927788 PMCID: PMC9537911 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Young people's experience of boredom and its psychological health sequelae have been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The present study examined the moderating role of boredom beliefs—the extent to which one affectively dislikes boredom (boredom dislike) and cognitively accepts it (boredom normalcy)—on the association between boredom experience and mental well‐being. We also validated a new measure of boredom beliefs in two different samples of young people. Method We report data from a correlational study with British young people aged 12–25 (Study 1; N = 2495) and a 16‐week eight‐wave within‐subject study with Israeli adolescents aged 12–18 (Study 2; N = 314). Results Across both studies, disliking boredom was associated with higher frequency and intensity of boredom. Boredom dislike moderated the negative association between boredom and mental well‐being, such that the association was more salient among those who strongly disliked boredom. Normalizing boredom was positively associated with mental well‐being. The measure of boredom beliefs demonstrated fair validity and reliability. Conclusion Results provide novel insights into the potential buffering effect of boredom beliefs against the mental health impact of boredom, particularly at a time of reduced activity. These findings generalize across two different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Y Y Tam
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong.,Department of Psychology, King's College London
| | | | | | - Iris Lavi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jennifer Y F Lau
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Silva DTC, Prado WL, Cucato GG, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM, Lofrano-Prado MC, Tebar WR, Christofaro DG. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity level and screen time is associated with decreased mental health in Brazillian adults: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114657. [PMID: 35696934 PMCID: PMC9152569 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to verify whether the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity and screen time was associated with the impact on quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of Brazilian adults. The invitation was made through social networks and the collection was carried out through electronic research. There was a decrease in quality of life and physical activity, and an increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression and screen time. These findings are important for new strategies that promote physically active habits during the pandemic .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela T. Caldeira Silva
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil,Corresponding author
| | | | - Gabriel G. Cucato
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, England, UK
| | | | | | | | - William R. Tebar
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego G.D. Christofaro
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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48
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Ogden RS, Dobbins C, Slade K, McIntyre J, Fairclough S. The psychophysiological mechanisms of real-world time experience. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12890. [PMID: 35902608 PMCID: PMC9330997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our sense of time is fallible, often resulting in the sensation of time flying by quickly or dragging slowly. It has been suggested that changes in sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity may influence the perceived passage of time, however this proposition has never been tested during real-world temporal experience. The current study directly tested the relationship between the passage of time and SNS–PNS activity in the real-world. Sixty-seven participants completed a normal day’s activities whilst wearing sensors to capture electrocardiography (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and movement. They also provided hourly rating of the subjective speed at which time was passing. Results revealed that greater SNS activity (e.g., increased heart rate, frequency of phasic skin conductance response) was associated with time passing more quickly. PNS activity was not related to time experience. Whilst the findings support previous suggestions that changes in physiological arousal are associated with distortions to the passage of time, the effects are small and other factors are likely to contribute to real-world temporal experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK.
| | - Chelsea Dobbins
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Slade
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YW, UK
| | - Jason McIntyre
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
| | - Stephen Fairclough
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
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Ogden RS, Piovesan A. How long was it for you? Memories of the duration of the UK covid-19 lockdown. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271609. [PMID: 35839231 PMCID: PMC9286236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The covid-19 global pandemic has significantly impacted on the daily lives of people across the world. One consequence of this has been significant distortion to the speed at which time feels like it is passing during day-to-day life in comparison with prior to the pandemic. The current study sought to further understanding of the impact of the pandemic on temporal experience by exploring individual differences in the subjective length of the first 12 months of the pandemic in the UK. Using an online questionnaire, subjective judgments of the perceived length of the preceding 12 months were taken. In addition, measures of affect, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction, physical activity, conformity with regulations, perceived covid risk and shielding status were taken. The results showed that only 9% of participants reported that the preceding 12 months felt like 12 months. The majority of participants (57%) reported that it felt like the pandemic had lasted for longer than 12 months, and this feeling was stronger for those who indicated greater levels of depression and anxiety, reduced physical activity, reduced satisfaction with social interaction and being advised to shield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S. Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Piovesan
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
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50
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Devonport TJ, Chen-Wilson CH, Nicholls W, Robazza C, Cagas JY, Fernández-Montalvo J, Choi Y, Ruiz MC. Brief Remote Intervention to Manage Food Cravings and Emotions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:903096. [PMID: 35846655 PMCID: PMC9280415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic people have endured potentially stressful challenges which have influenced behaviors such as eating. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of two brief interventions aimed to help individuals deal with food cravings and associated emotional experiences. Participants were 165 individuals residing in United Kingdom, Finland, Philippines, Spain, Italy, Brazil, North America, South Korea, and China. The study was implemented remotely, thus without any contact with researchers, and involved two groups. Group one participants were requested to use daily diaries for seven consecutive days to assess the frequency of experience of their food cravings, frequency of giving in to cravings, and difficulty resisting cravings, as well as emotional states associated with their cravings. In addition to completing daily food diaries, participants in group two were asked to engage in mindful eating practice and forming implementation intentions. Participants assessed their perceived changes in eating, wellbeing, and health at the beginning and end of the intervention. Repeated measures MANOVAs indicated that participants experienced significantly less food cravings (i.e., craving experience, acting on cravings, difficulty resisting), as well as lower intensities of unpleasant states associated with cravings across time (T1 vs. T7). In contrast to our hypothesis, the main effects of the group (food craving diary vs. food craving diary and mindful eating practice) were not significant. Participants reported less eating and enhanced wellbeing at the end of the study (T7 vs. T1). Our findings can be used to inform future remote interventions to manage food cravings and associated emotions and highlight the need for alternative solutions to increase participant engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J. Devonport
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Hwa Chen-Wilson
- Faculty of Health, Education & Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Nicholls
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Robazza
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jonathan Y. Cagas
- Department of Sports Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Philippines
| | | | - Youngjun Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Montse C. Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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