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Abu-Serie MM, Barakat A, Ramadan S, Habashy NH. Superior cuproptotic efficacy of diethyldithiocarbamate-Cu 4O 3 nanoparticles over diethyldithiocarbamate-Cu 2O nanoparticles in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388038. [PMID: 39076585 PMCID: PMC11284037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) is a serious health concern. The stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a key driver for HC tumorigenesis, apoptotic resistance, and metastasis, and functional mitochondria are critical for its maintenance. Cuproptosis is Cu-dependent non-apoptotic pathway (mitochondrial dysfunction) via inactivating mitochondrial enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase "PDH" and succinate dehydrogenase "SDH"). To effectively treat metastatic HC, it is necessary to induce selective cuproptosis (for halting cancer stemness genes) with selective oxidative imbalance (for increasing cell susceptibility to cuproptosis and inducing non-CSCs death). Herein, two types of Cu oxide nanoparticles (Cu4O3 "C(I + II)" NPs and Cu2O "C(I)" NPs) were used in combination with diethyldithiocarbamate (DD, an aldehyde dehydrogenase "ALDH" inhibitor) for comparative anti-HC investigation. DC(I + II) NPs exhibited higher cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and anti-migration impact than DC(I) NPs in the treated human HC cells (HepG2 and/or Huh7). Moreover, DC(I + II) NPs were more effective than DC(I) NPs in the treatment of HC mouse groups. This was mediated via higher selective accumulation of DC(I + II) NPs in only tumor tissues and oxidant activity, causing stronger selective inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes (PDH, SDH, and ALDH2) than DC(I)NPs. This effect resulted in more suppression of tumor and metastasis markers as well as stemness gene expressions in DC(I + II) NPs-treated HC mice. In addition, both nanocomplexes normalized liver function and hematological parameters. The computational analysis found that DC(I + II) showed higher binding affinity to most of the tested enzymes. Accordingly, DC(I + II) NPs represent a highly effective therapeutic formulation compared to DC(I) NPs for metastatic HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Noha Hassan Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Yeast-fermented cassava as a protein source in cattle feed: systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:67. [PMID: 36745229 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of the inclusion of cassava fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts on performance, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen microorganisms and ruminal fermentation of cattle through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The effects of yeast-fermented cassava (YFC) in the diet of cattle were evaluated using the mean difference as a measure of the effect size, considering a confidence interval of 95%. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were performed to investigate the origin of heterogeneity. The database included eight experiments. Three studies were related to dairy heifers, three related to dairy cow and the remaining two studies were associated to beef heifers. The inclusion of YFC in the bovine diet increased the dry matter intake %BW (P < 0.01) and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05). We observed an increase in mean ruminal pH (P < 0.01), volatile fatty acid (P < 0.01) and propionic acid concentration (P < 0.01). There was a significant increase in the population of bacteria (P < 0.01) and fungi (P < 0.01), and a reduction in the protozoan count in the rumen fluid (P < 0.01) in the animals fed with YFC. Lactating cows fed YFC produced 1.02 kg/day more (P < 0.01) milk than non-supplemented cows. In addition, there was an increase of 7.4% in the fat (P = 0.03), 6.3% in the protein (P < 0.01) and 2.8% in lactose (P = 0.02) of milk of cows supplemented with YFC. The results of the present meta-analysis showed that the total or partial inclusion of YFC in cattle concentrate improves fermentation and rumen efficiency, dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition.
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3
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Zavileyskiy LG, Aleshin VA, Kaehne T, Karlina IS, Artiukhov AV, Maslova MV, Graf AV, Bunik VI. The Brain Protein Acylation System Responds to Seizures in the Rat Model of PTZ-Induced Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012302. [PMID: 36293175 PMCID: PMC9603846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal energy expenditure during seizures and metabolic regulation through post-translational protein acylation suggest acylation as a therapeutic target in epilepsy. Our goal is to characterize an interplay between the brain acylation system components and their changes after seizures. In a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy, we quantify 43 acylations in 29 cerebral cortex proteins; levels of NAD+; expression of NAD+-dependent deacylases (SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5); activities of the acyl-CoA-producing/NAD+-utilizing complexes of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases. Compared to the control group, acylations of 14 sites in 11 proteins are found to differ significantly after seizures, with six of the proteins involved in glycolysis and energy metabolism. Comparing the single and chronic seizures does not reveal significant differences in the acylations, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, SIRT2 expression or NAD+. On the contrary, expression of SIRT3, SIRT5 and activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) decrease in chronic seizures vs. a single seizure. Negative correlations between the protein succinylation/glutarylation and SIRT5 expression, and positive correlations between the protein acetylation and SIRT2 expression are shown. Our findings unravel involvement of SIRT5 and OGDH in metabolic adaptation to seizures through protein acylation, consistent with the known neuroprotective role of SIRT5 and contribution of OGDH to the Glu/GABA balance perturbed in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev G. Zavileyskiy
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Aleshin
- Department of Biokinetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thilo Kaehne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Irina S. Karlina
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Artiukhov
- Department of Biokinetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Maslova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Graf
- Department of Biokinetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biokinetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-939-4484
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4
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Karasawa K, Arakawa H. Detection of micro-RNA by a combination of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and a novel chemiluminescent pyrophosphate assay. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:822-827. [PMID: 35289063 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNA has attracted much attention as a biomarker for disease progression and malignancy. A compact, simple, rapid, and highly sensitive method is required to perform simple genetic analyses, such as point-of-care testing (POCT), at the clinic or bedside. Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) is a specific amplification method for a single-stranded RNA fragment that is useful for the highly sensitive detection of miRNAs. In this work, we developed a novel miRNA analytical system for POCT by combining the NASBA and chemiluminescence methods. Because the NASBA reaction is conducted at a constant temperature (41 °C) and detection by chemiluminescence reaction does not require a light source, these methods could be combined to amplify 100 ng/assay miRNA. This combined miRNA detection method could be useful for the future development of compact POCT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Karasawa
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arakawa
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Graf AV, Maslova MV, Artiukhov AV, Ksenofontov AL, Aleshin VA, Bunik VI. Acute Prenatal Hypoxia in Rats Affects Physiology and Brain Metabolism in the Offspring, Dependent on Sex and Gestational Age. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2579. [PMID: 35269722 PMCID: PMC8910449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is damaging to the fetus, but the developmental impact may vary, with underlying molecular mechanisms unclear. We demonstrate the dependence of physiological and biochemical effects of acute prenatal hypoxia (APH) on sex and gestational age. Compared to control rats, APH on the 10th day of pregnancy (APH-10) increases locomotion in both the male and female offspring, additionally increasing exploratory activity and decreasing anxiety in the males. Compared to APH-10, APH on the 20th day of pregnancy (APH-20) induces less behavioral perturbations. ECG is changed similarly in all offspring only by APH-10. Sexual dimorphism in the APH outcome on behavior is also observed in the brain acetylation system and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction, essential for neurotransmitter metabolism. In view of the perturbed behavior, more biochemical parameters in the brains are assessed after APH-20. Of the six enzymes, APH-20 significantly decreases the malic enzyme activity in both sexes. Among 24 amino acids and dipeptides, APH-20 increases the levels of only three amino acids (Phe, Thr, and Trp) in male offspring, and of seven amino acids (Glu, Gly, Phe, Trp, Ser, Thr, Asn) and carnosine in the female offspring. Thus, a higher reactivity of the brain metabolism to APH stabilizes the behavior. The behavior and brain biochemistry demonstrate sexually dimorphic responses to APH at both gestational stages, whereas the APH effects on ECG depend on gestational age rather than sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Graf
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.V.M.)
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Maria V. Maslova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Artem V. Artiukhov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Ksenofontov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Vasily A. Aleshin
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Increasing Inhibition of the Rat Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Decreases Glutathione Redox State, Elevating Anxiety and Perturbing Stress Adaptation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020182. [PMID: 35215295 PMCID: PMC8875720 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific inhibitors of mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) are administered to animals to model the downregulation of the enzyme as observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Comparison of the effects of succinyl phosphonate (SP, 0.02 mmol/kg) and its uncharged precursor, triethyl succinyl phosphonate (TESP, 0.02 and 0.1 mmol/kg) reveals a biphasic response of the rat brain metabolism and physiology to increasing perturbation of OGDH function. At the low (TE)SP dose, glutamate, NAD+, and the activities of dehydrogenases of 2-oxoglutarate and malate increase, followed by their decreases at the high TESP dose. The complementary changes, i.e., an initial decrease followed by growth, are demonstrated by activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase, and levels of oxidized glutathione and citrulline. While most of these indicators return to control levels at the high TESP dose, OGDH activity decreases and oxidized glutathione increases, compared to their control values. The first phase of metabolic perturbations does not cause significant physiological changes, but in the second phase, the ECG parameters and behavior reveal decreased adaptability and increased anxiety. Thus, lower levels of OGDH inhibition are compensated by the rearranged metabolic network, while the increased levels induce a metabolic switch to a lower redox state of the brain, associated with elevated stress of the animals.
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Aleshin VA, Graf AV, Artiukhov AV, Boyko AI, Ksenofontov AL, Maslova MV, Nogués I, di Salvo ML, Bunik VI. Physiological and Biochemical Markers of the Sex-Specific Sensitivity to Epileptogenic Factors, Delayed Consequences of Seizures and Their Response to Vitamins B1 and B6 in a Rat Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080737. [PMID: 34451834 PMCID: PMC8400147 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The disturbed metabolism of vitamins B1 or B6, which are essential for neurotransmitters homeostasis, may cause seizures. Our study aims at revealing therapeutic potential of vitamins B1 and B6 by estimating the short- and long-term effects of their combined administration with the seizure inductor pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). The PTZ dose dependence of a seizure and its parameters according to modified Racine’s scale, along with delayed physiological and biochemical consequences the next day after the seizure are assessed regarding sexual dimorphism in epilepsy. PTZ sensitivity is stronger in the female than the male rats. The next day after a seizure, sex differences in behavior and brain biochemistry arise. The induced sex differences in anxiety and locomotor activity correspond to the disappearance of sex differences in the brain aspartate and alanine, with appearance of those in glutamate and glutamine. PTZ decreases the brain malate dehydrogenase activity and urea in the males and the phenylalanine in the females. The administration of vitamins B1 and B6 24 h before PTZ delays a seizure in female rats only. This desensitization is not observed at short intervals (0.5–2 h) between the administration of the vitamins and PTZ. With the increasing interval, the pyridoxal kinase (PLK) activity in the female brain decreases, suggesting that the PLK downregulation by vitamins contributes to the desensitization. The delayed effects of vitamins and/or PTZ are mostly sex-specific and interacting. Our findings on the sex differences in sensitivity to epileptogenic factors, action of vitamins B1/B6 and associated biochemical events have medical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Aleshin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Anastasia V. Graf
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Nano-, Bio-, Informational, Cognitive and Socio-Humanistic Sciences and Technologies at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Artiukhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Alexandra I. Boyko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.)
| | - Alexander L. Ksenofontov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Maria V. Maslova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Isabel Nogués
- Research Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Martino L. di Salvo
- Department of Biological Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Li J, Xu X, Li W, Zhang X. Linking energy metabolism and locomotor variation to osmoregulation in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 234:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Bons J, Macron C, Aude-Garcia C, Vaca-Jacome SA, Rompais M, Cianférani S, Carapito C, Rabilloud T. A Combined N-terminomics and Shotgun Proteomics Approach to Investigate the Responses of Human Cells to Rapamycin and Zinc at the Mitochondrial Level. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1085-1095. [PMID: 31154437 PMCID: PMC6553941 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All but thirteen mammalian mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome, translated in the cytosol and then imported into the mitochondria. For a significant proportion of the mitochondrial proteins, import is coupled with the cleavage of a presequence called the transit peptide, and the formation of a new N-terminus. Determination of the neo N-termini has been investigated by proteomic approaches in several systems, but generally in a static way to compile as many N-termini as possible. In the present study, we have investigated how the mitochondrial proteome and N-terminome react to chemical stimuli that alter mitochondrial metabolism, namely zinc ions and rapamycin. To this end, we have used a strategy that analyzes both internal and N-terminal peptides in a single run, the dN-TOP approach. We used these two very different stressors to sort out what could be a generic response to stress and what is specific to each of these stressors. Rapamycin and zinc induced different changes in the mitochondrial proteome. However, convergent changes to key mitochondrial enzymatic activities such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were observed for both treatments. Other convergent changes were seen in components of the N-terminal processing system and mitochondrial proteases. Investigations into the generation of neo-N-termini in mitochondria showed that the processing system is robust, as indicated by the lack of change in neo N-termini under the conditions tested. Detailed analysis of the data revealed that zinc caused a slight reduction in the efficiency of the N-terminal trimming system and that both treatments increased the degradation of mitochondrial proteins. In conclusion, the use of this combined strategy allowed a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the mitochondrial N-terminome in response to treatments which impact the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bons
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Macron
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Aude-Garcia
- §Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, BIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian Alvaro Vaca-Jacome
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Magali Rompais
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- §Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, BIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Lu Z, Xu Z, Shen Z, Tian Y, Shen H. Dietary Energy Level Promotes Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis by Improving the Energy Productivity of the Ruminal Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:847. [PMID: 31057531 PMCID: PMC6479175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the yield of rumen microbial protein (MCP) has significant importance in the promotion of animal performance and the reduction of protein feed waste. The amount of energy supplied to rumen microorganisms is an important factor affecting the amount of protein nitrogen incorporated into rumen MCP. Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) and electron transport phosphorylation (ETP) are two major mechanisms of energy generation within microbial cells. However, the way that energy and protein levels in the diet impact the energy productivity of the ruminal microbiome and, thereafter, rumen MCP yields is not known yet. In present study, we have investigated, by animal experiments and metagenome shotgun sequencing, the effects of energy-rich and protein-rich diets on rumen MCP yields, as well as SLP-coupled and ETP-coupled energy productivity of the ruminal microbiome. We have found that an energy-rich diet induces a significant increase in rumen MCP yield, whereas a protein-rich diet has no significant impacts on it. Based on 10 reconstructed pathways related to the energy metabolism of the ruminal microbiome, we have determined that the energy-rich diet induces significant increases in the total abundance of SLP enzymes coupled to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation in the glucose fermentation and F-type ATPase of the electron transporter chain, whereas the protein-rich diet has no significant impact in the abundance of these enzymes. At the species level, the energy-rich diet induces significant increases in the total abundance of 15 ETP-related genera and 40 genera that have SLP-coupled fermentation pathways, whereas the protein-rich diet has no significant impact on the total abundance of these genera. Our results suggest that an increase in dietary energy levels promotes rumen energy productivity and MCP yield by improving levels of ETP and SLP coupled to glucose fermentation in the ruminal microbiome. But, an increase in dietary protein level has no such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zanming Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanchun Tian
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Rajasekaran R, Felser A, Nuoffer JM, Dufour JF, St-Pierre MV. The histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT-2) positively regulates hepatocellular energy metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:5143-5161. [PMID: 29913563 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701429r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT-2) is a mitochondrial adenosine phosphoramidase expressed in hepatocytes. The phenotype of Hint2 knockout ( Hint2-/-) mice includes progressive hepatic steatosis and lysine hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins, which are features of respiratory chain malfunctions. We postulated that the absence of HINT-2 induces a defect in mitochondria bioenergetics. Isolated Hint2-/- hepatocytes produced less ATP and generated a lower mitochondrial membrane potential than did Hint2+/+ hepatocytes. In extracellular flux analyses with glucose, the basal, ATP-linked, and maximum oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) were decreased in Hint2-/- hepatocytes and in HepG2 cells lacking HINT-2. Conversely, in HINT-2 overexpressing SNU-449 and HepG2 cells, the basal, ATP-linked, and maximum OCRs were increased. Similarly, with palmitate, basal and maximum OCRs were decreased in Hint2-/- hepatocytes, but they were increased in HINT-2 overexpressing HepG2 cells. When assayed with radiolabeled substrate, palmitate oxidation was reduced by 25% in Hint2-/- mitochondria. In respirometry assays, complex I- and II-driven, coupled and uncoupled respirations and complex IV KCN-sensitive respiration were reduced in Hint2-/- mitochondria. Furthermore, HINT-2 associated with cardiolipin and glucose-regulated protein 75 kDa. Our study shows decreased electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation capacity in the absence of HINT-2. The bioenergetics deficit accumulated over time in hepatocytes lacking HINT-2 likely leads to the secondary outcome of steatosis.-Rajasekaran, R., Felser, A., Nuoffer, J.-M., Dufour, J.-F., St-Pierre, M. V. The histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT-2) positively regulates hepatocellular energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Felser
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie V St-Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Src drives the Warburg effect and therapy resistance by inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase through tyrosine-289 phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25113-24. [PMID: 26848621 PMCID: PMC5041892 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect, which reflects cancer cells' preference for aerobic glycolysis over glucose oxidation, contributes to tumor growth, progression and therapy resistance. The restraint on pyruvate flux into mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in cancer cells is in part attributed to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Src is a prominent oncogenic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. However, the potential role of Src in tumor metabolism remained unclear. Here we report that activation of Src attenuated PDH activity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, Src inhibitors activated PDH and increased cellular ROS levels. Src inactivated PDH through direct phosphorylation of tyrosine-289 of PDH E1α subunit (PDHA1). Indeed, Src was the main kinase responsible for PDHA1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Expression of a tyrosine-289 non-phosphorable PDHA1 mutant in Src-hyperactivated cancer cells restored PDH activity, increased mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress, decreased experimental metastasis, and sensitized cancer cells to pro-oxidant treatment. The results suggest that Src contributes to the Warburg phenotype by inactivating PDH through tyrosine phosphorylation, and the metabolic effect of Src is essential for Src-driven malignancy and therapy resistance. Combination therapies consisting of both Src inhibitors and pro-oxidants may improve anticancer efficacy.
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13
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Liepinsh E, Makrecka-Kuka M, Makarova E, Volska K, Vilks K, Sevostjanovs E, Antone U, Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Lola D, Loza E, Grinberga S, Dambrova M. Acute and long-term administration of palmitoylcarnitine induces muscle-specific insulin resistance in mice. Biofactors 2017; 43:718-730. [PMID: 28759135 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acylcarnitine accumulation has been linked to perturbations in energy metabolism pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that long-chain (LC) acylcarnitines are active metabolites involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in vivo. Single-dose administration of palmitoylcarnitine (PC) in fed mice induced marked insulin insensitivity, decreased glucose uptake in muscles, and elevated blood glucose levels. Increase in the content of LC acylcarnitine induced insulin resistance by impairing Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. The long-term administration of PC using slow-release osmotic minipumps induced marked hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that the permanent accumulation of LC acylcarnitines can accelerate the progression of insulin resistance. The decrease of acylcarnitine content significantly improved glucose tolerance in a mouse model of diet-induced glucose intolerance. In conclusion, we show that the physiological increase in content of acylcarnitines ensures the transition from a fed to fasted state in order to limit glucose metabolism in the fasted state. In the fed state, the inability of insulin to inhibit LC acylcarnitine production induces disturbances in glucose uptake and metabolism. The reduction of acylcarnitine content could be an effective strategy to improve insulin sensitivity. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(5):718-730, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elina Makarova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Volska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karlis Vilks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Janis Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Reinis Vilskersts
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Daina Lola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Einars Loza
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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14
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Nakazawa M, Hayashi R, Takenaka S, Inui H, Ishikawa T, Ueda M, Sakamoto T, Nakano Y, Miyatake K. Physiological functions of pyruvate:NADP + oxidoreductase and 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase in Euglena gracilis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1386-1393. [PMID: 28463550 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1318696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In Euglena gracilis, pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, in addition to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, functions for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in the mitochondria. Furthermore, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is absent, and instead 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase is found in the mitochondria. To elucidate the central carbon and energy metabolisms in Euglena under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, physiological significances of these enzymes involved in 2-oxoacid metabolism were examined by gene silencing experiments. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was indispensable for aerobic cell growth in a glucose medium, although its activity was less than 1% of that of pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase. In contrast, pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase was only involved in the anaerobic energy metabolism (wax ester fermentation). Aerobic cell growth was almost completely suppressed when the 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase gene was silenced, suggesting that the tricarboxylic acid cycle is modified in Euglena and 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase takes the place of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in the aerobic respiratory metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Nakazawa
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan.,b Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kawaguchi , Japan
| | - Ryuta Hayashi
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- c Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Izumisano , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- b Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kawaguchi , Japan.,d Department of Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Habikino , Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- b Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kawaguchi , Japan.,e Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology , Shimane University , Matsue , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ueda
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakano
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Kazutaka Miyatake
- f Faculty of Human and Cultural Studies, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tezukayama Gakuin University , Sakai , Japan
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Atlante A, de Bari L, Bobba A, Amadoro G. A disease with a sweet tooth: exploring the Warburg effect in Alzheimer's disease. Biogerontology 2017; 18:301-319. [PMID: 28314935 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After more than 80 years from the revolutionary discoveries of Otto Warburg, who observed high glucose dependency, with increased glycolysis and lactate production regardless of oxygen availability in most cancer cells, the 'Warburg effect' returns to the fore in neuronal cells affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, it seems that, in the mild phase of AD, neuronal cells "prefer" to use the energetically inefficient method of burning glucose by glycolysis, as in cancer, proving to become resistant to β-amyloid (Aβ)-dependent apoptosis. However, in the late phase, while most AD brain cells die in response to Aβ toxicity, only small populations of neurons, exhibiting increased glucose uptake and glycolytic flux, are able to survive as they are resistant to Aβ. Here we draw an overview on the metabolic shift for glucose utilization from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, focusing on the hypothesis that, as extreme attempt to oppose the impending death, mitochondria-whose dysfunction and central role in Aβ toxicity is an AD hallmark-are sent into quiescence, this likely contributing to activate mechanisms of resistance to Aβ-dependent apoptosis. Finally, the attempt turns out fruitless since the loss of the adaptive advantage afforded by elevated aerobic glycolysis exacerbates the pathophysiological processes associated with AD, making the brain susceptible to Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and leading to cell death and dementia. The understanding of how certain nerve cells become resistant to Aβ toxicity, while the majority dies, is an attractive challenge toward the identification of novel possible targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (IBBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Lidia de Bari
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (IBBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Bobba
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (IBBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
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16
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Zou W, Al-Rubeai M. Understanding central carbon metabolism of rapidly proliferating mammalian cells based on analysis of key enzymatic activities in GS-CHO cell lines. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 63:642-651. [PMID: 26108557 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central carbon metabolism (glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway [PPP], and the tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle) plays an essential role in the supply of biosynthetic precursors and energy. How the central carbon metabolism changes with the varying growth rates in the in vitro cultivation of rapidly proliferating mammalian cells, such as cancer cells and continuous cell lines for recombinant protein production, remains elusive. Based on relationships between the growth rate and the activity of seven key enzymes from six cell clones, this work reports finding an important metabolic characteristic in rapidly proliferating glutamine synthetase-Chinese hamster ovary cells. The key enzymatic activity involved in the TCA cycle that is responsible for the supply of energy became elevated as the growth rate exhibited increases, while the activity of key enzymes in metabolic pathways (glycolysis and the PPP), responsible for the supply of biosynthetic precursors, tended to decrease-suggesting that rapidly proliferating cells still depended predominantly on the TCA cycle rather than on aerobic glycolysis for their energetic demands. Meanwhile, the growth-limiting resource was most likely biosynthetic substrates rather than energy provision. In addition, the multifaceted role of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (PGI) was confirmed, based on a significant correlation between PGI activity and the percentage of G2/M-phase cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zou
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohamed Al-Rubeai
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Glycolytic enzyme upregulation and numbness of mitochondrial activity characterize the early phase of apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells. Apoptosis 2015; 20:10-28. [PMID: 25351440 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer proceed via one or more common molecular mechanisms: a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis-corresponding to the activation of the Warburg effect-occurs in both diseases. The findings reported in this paper demonstrate that, in the early phase of apoptosis, glucose metabolism is enhanced, i.e. key proteins which internalize and metabolize glucose-glucose transporter, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase-are up-regulated, in concomitance with a parallel decrease in oxygen consumption by mitochondria and increase of L-lactate accumulation. Reversal of the glycolytic phenotype occurs in the presence of dichloroacetate, inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme, which speeds up apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells, reawakening mitochondria and then modulating glycolytic enzymes. Loss of the adaptive advantage afforded by aerobic glycolysis, which occurs in the late phase of apoptosis, exacerbates the pathological processes underlying neurodegeneration, leading inevitably the cell to death. In conclusion, the data propose that both aerobic, i.e. Warburg effect, essentially due to the protective numbness of mitochondria, and anaerobic glycolysis, rather due to the mitochondrial impairment, characterize the entire time frame of apoptosis, from the early to the late phase, which mimics the development of AD.
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18
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Vanlander AV, Okun JG, de Jaeger A, Smet J, De Latter E, De Paepe B, Dacremont G, Wuyts B, Vanheel B, De Paepe P, Jorens PG, Van Regenmortel N, Van Coster R. Possible pathogenic mechanism of propofol infusion syndrome involves coenzyme q. Anesthesiology 2015; 122:343-52. [PMID: 25296107 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent. In rare conditions, a life-threatening complication known as propofol infusion syndrome can occur. The pathophysiologic mechanism is still unknown. Some studies suggested that propofol acts as uncoupling agent, others suggested that it inhibits complex I or complex IV, or causes increased oxidation of cytochrome c and cytochrome aa3, or inhibits mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. Although the exact site of interaction is not known, most hypotheses point to the direction of the mitochondria. METHODS Eight rats were ventilated and sedated with propofol up to 20 h. Sequential biopsy specimens were taken from liver and skeletal muscle and used for determination of respiratory chain activities and propofol concentration. Activities were also measured in skeletal muscle from a patient who died of propofol infusion syndrome. RESULTS In rats, authors detected a decrease in complex II+III activity starting at low tissue concentration of propofol (20 to 25 µM), further declining at higher concentrations. Before starting anesthesia, the complex II+III/citrate synthase activity ratio in liver was 0.46 (0.25) and in skeletal muscle 0.23 (0.05) (mean [SD]). After 20 h of anesthesia, the ratios declined to 0.17 (0.03) and 0.12 (0.02), respectively. When measured individually, the activities of complexes II and III remained normal. Skeletal muscle from one patient taken in the acute phase of propofol infusion syndrome also shows a selective decrease in complex II+III activity (z-score: -2.96). CONCLUSION Propofol impedes the electron flow through the respiratory chain and coenzyme Q is the main site of interaction with propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Vincent Vanlander
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (A.V.V., J.S., E.D.L., B.D.P., R.V.C.), Department of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine (A.d.J.), Department of Clinical Chemistry (B.W.), Department of Emergency Medicine (P.D.P.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (J.G.O.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium (G.D.); Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (B.V.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium (P.G.J., N.V.R.); and Department of Critical Care Medicine, ZNA Antwerp, Belgium (N.V.R.)
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19
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Li R, Luo X, Wu J, Thangthaeng N, Jung ME, Jing S, Li L, Ellis DZ, Liu L, Ding Z, Forster MJ, Yan LJ. Mitochondrial Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase is Upregulated in Response to Intermittent Hypoxic Preconditioning. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:432-40. [PMID: 26078703 PMCID: PMC4466405 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia preconditioning (IHP) has been shown to protect neurons against ischemic stroke injury. Studying how proteins respond to IHP may identify targets that can help fight stroke. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) would respond to IHP and if so, whether such a response could be linked to neuroprotection in ischemic stroke injury. To do this, we subjected male rats to IHP for 20 days and measured the content and activity of DLDH as well as the three α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes that contain DLDH. We also measured mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme activities. Results show that DLDH content was indeed upregulated by IHP and this upregulation did not alter the activities of the three α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. Results also show that the activities of the five mitochondrial complexes (I-V) were not altered either by IHP. To investigate whether IHP-induced DLDH upregulation is linked to neuroprotection against ischemic stroke injury, we subjected both DLDH deficient mouse and DLDH transgenic mouse to stroke surgery followed by measurement of brain infarction volume. Results indicate that while mouse deficient in DLDH had exacerbated brain injury after stroke, mouse overexpressing human DLDH also showed increased brain injury after stroke. Therefore, the physiological significance of IHP-induced DLDH upregulation remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA ; 2. Department of Anethesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China, 210029
| | - Xiaoting Luo
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA ; 3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, China, 341000
| | - Jinzi Wu
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nopporn Thangthaeng
- 4. Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Marianna E Jung
- 4. Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Siqun Jing
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA ; 5. College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, 830046
| | - Linya Li
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Li Liu
- 6. Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China 210029
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- 2. Department of Anethesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China, 210029
| | - Michael J Forster
- 4. Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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20
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Apontes P, Liu Z, Su K, Benard O, Youn DY, Li X, Li W, Mirza RH, Bastie CC, Jelicks LA, Pessin JE, Muzumdar RH, Sauve AA, Chi Y. Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. Diabetes 2014; 63:3626-36. [PMID: 24848064 PMCID: PMC4207399 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive dietary fat intake causes systemic metabolic toxicity, manifested in weight gain, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. In addition, carbohydrate utilization as a fuel is substantially inhibited. Correction or reversal of these effects during high-fat diet (HFD) intake is of exceptional interest in light of widespread occurrence of diet-associated metabolic disorders in global human populations. Here we report that mangiferin (MGF), a natural compound (the predominant constituent of Mangifera indica extract from the plant that produces mango), protected against HFD-induced weight gain, increased aerobic mitochondrial capacity and thermogenesis, and improved glucose and insulin profiles. To obtain mechanistic insight into the basis for these effects, we determined that mice exposed to an HFD combined with MGF exhibited a substantial shift in respiratory quotient from fatty acid toward carbohydrate utilization. MGF treatment significantly increased glucose oxidation in muscle of HFD-fed mice without changing fatty acid oxidation. These results indicate that MGF redirects fuel utilization toward carbohydrates. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, MGF increased glucose and pyruvate oxidation and ATP production without affecting fatty acid oxidation, confirming in vivo and ex vivo effects. Furthermore, MGF inhibited anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate to lactate but enhanced pyruvate oxidation. A key target of MGF appears to be pyruvate dehydrogenase, determined to be activated by MGF in a variety of assays. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of activation of carbohydrate utilization in correction of metabolic syndrome and highlight the potential of MGF to serve as a model compound that can elicit fuel-switching effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha Apontes
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Kai Su
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Dou Y Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Xisong Li
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Raihan H Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Claire C Bastie
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Linda A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics and Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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21
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Vernau K, Napoli E, Wong S, Ross-Inta C, Cameron J, Bannasch D, Bollen A, Dickinson P, Giulivi C. Thiamine Deficiency-Mediated Brain Mitochondrial Pathology in Alaskan Huskies with Mutation in SLC19A3.1. Brain Pathol 2014; 25:441-53. [PMID: 25117056 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alaskan Husky encephalopathy (AHE(1) ) is a fatal brain disease associated with a mutation in SLC19A3.1 (c.624insTTGC, c.625C>A). This gene encodes for a thiamine transporter 2 with a predominately (CNS) central nervous system distribution. Considering that brain is particularly vulnerable to thiamine deficiency because of its reliance on thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis, we characterized the impact of this mutation on thiamine status, brain bioenergetics and the contribution of oxidative stress to this phenotype. In silico modeling of the mutated transporter indicated a significant loss of alpha-helices resulting in a more open protein structure suggesting an impaired thiamine transport ability. The cerebral cortex and thalamus of affected dogs were severely deficient in TPP-dependent enzymes accompanied by decreases in mitochondrial mass and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, and increases in oxidative stress. These results along with the behavioral and pathological findings indicate that the phenotype associated with AHE is consistent with a brain-specific thiamine deficiency, leading to brain mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. While some of the biochemical deficits, neurobehavior and affected brain areas in AHE were shared by Wernicke's and Korsakoff's syndromes, several differences were noted likely arising from a tissue-specific vs. that from a whole-body thiamine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Wong
- Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Ross-Inta
- Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Cameron
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danika Bannasch
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Andrew Bollen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Peter Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA
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Croft L, Napoli E, Hung CK, St Leger J, Gearhart S, Heym K, Wong S, Sakaguchi D, Lin A, Puschner B, Giulivi C. Clinical evaluation and biochemical analyses of thiamine deficiency in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) maintained at a zoological facility. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 243:1179-89. [PMID: 24094267 DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.8.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine thiamine-dependent enzyme activities in various tissue samples of Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and thiaminase activities in dietary fish. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 11 Pacific harbor seals with thiamine deficiency and 5 control seals. PROCEDURES Seals underwent evaluation to rule out various diseases and exposure to toxins. For seals that died, measurement of thiamine-dependent enzymes in liver and brain samples and determination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in liver, brain, and muscle samples were performed. Thiaminase activity in dietary fish was determined. RESULTS 8 seals with thiamine deficiency died. Affected seals typically had acute neurologic signs with few nonspecific findings detected by means of clinicopathologic tests and histologic examination of tissue samples. Thiamine-dependent enzyme activities in liver samples of affected seals were significantly lower than those in control liver samples. The primary activation ratios and latencies for enzymes indicated that brain tissue was more affected by thiamine deficiency than liver tissue. Activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase were more affected by thiamine deficiency than those of transketolase and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. For control seals, the mtDNA copy number in muscle samples was significantly lower than that for affected seals; conversely, the copy number in control liver samples was significantly greater than that of affected seals. Thiaminase activity was substantially higher in smelt than it was in other types of dietary fish. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of analyses in this study confirmed a diagnosis of thiamine deficiency for affected seals resulting from high thiaminase activity in dietary fish, inadequate vitamin administration, and increased thiamine demand caused by pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Croft
- Sea World Orlando, 7007 Sea World Dr, Orlando, FL 32821
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23
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Musicco C, Cormio A, Calvaruso MA, Iommarini L, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM, Timperio AM, Zolla L, Gadaleta MN. Analysis of the mitochondrial proteome of cybrid cells harbouring a truncative mitochondrial DNA mutation in respiratory complex I. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1313-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70542k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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SIRT5-mediated lysine desuccinylation impacts diverse metabolic pathways. Mol Cell 2013; 50:919-30. [PMID: 23806337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein function is regulated by diverse posttranslational modifications. The mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT5 removes malonyl and succinyl moieties from target lysines. The spectrum of protein substrates subject to these modifications is unknown. We report systematic profiling of the mammalian succinylome, identifying 2,565 succinylation sites on 779 proteins. Most of these do not overlap with acetylation sites, suggesting differential regulation of succinylation and acetylation. Our analysis reveals potential impacts of lysine succinylation on enzymes involved in mitochondrial metabolism; e.g., amino acid degradation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Lysine succinylation is also present on cytosolic and nuclear proteins; indeed, we show that a substantial fraction of SIRT5 is extramitochondrial. SIRT5 represses biochemical activity of, and cellular respiration through, two protein complexes identified in our analysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and succinate dehydrogenase. Our data reveal widespread roles for lysine succinylation in regulating metabolism and potentially other cellular functions.
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25
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Ferreira R, Rocha H, Almeida V, Padrão AI, Santa C, Vilarinho L, Amado F, Vitorino R. Mitochondria proteome profiling: a comparative analysis between gel- and gel-free approaches. Talanta 2013; 115:277-83. [PMID: 24054592 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteomics emerged aiming to disclose the dynamics of mitochondria under various pathophysiological conditions. In the present study we investigated the relative merits of gel-based (2DE and SDS-LC) and gel-free (2D-LC) protein separation approaches and protein identification algorithms (Mascot and Paragon) in the proteome profiling of mitochondria isolated from cultured fibroblasts, a sample traditionally used for diagnosis purposes. Combining data retrieved from 2DE, 2D-LC and SDS-LC and search methods, a total of 696 non-redundant proteins were identified. An overlap of only 19% between the proteins identified by the three different methods was observed when Mascot and Paragon were used. Regarding protein ID, a consistency in the number of identified proteins per sample was noticed for 2DE approach. Independent of the methodological approach chosen, it was noticed that the predominance in mitochondria of hydrophilic proteins with 20-50 kDa and pI 5-6 and 8-9; however, 2D-LC and SDS-LC allowed the enrichment of proteins with a mass below 30 kDa and of basic proteins with pI values above 8. In conclusion, data from the present study highlight the power of integrating different separation technologies and protein identification algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Smith S, Witkowski A, Moghul A, Yoshinaga Y, Nefedov M, de Jong P, Feng D, Fong L, Tu Y, Hu Y, Young SG, Pham T, Cheung C, Katzman SM, Brand MD, Quinlan CL, Fens M, Kuypers F, Misquitta S, Griffey SM, Tran S, Gharib A, Knudsen J, Hannibal-Bach HK, Wang G, Larkin S, Thweatt J, Pasta S. Compromised mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis in transgenic mice results in defective protein lipoylation and energy disequilibrium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47196. [PMID: 23077570 PMCID: PMC3471957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A mouse model with compromised mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis has been engineered in order to assess the role of this pathway in mitochondrial function and overall health. Reduction in the expression of mitochondrial malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, a key enzyme in the pathway encoded by the nuclear Mcat gene, was achieved to varying extents in all examined tissues employing tamoxifen-inducible Cre-lox technology. Although affected mice consumed more food than control animals, they failed to gain weight, were less physically active, suffered from loss of white adipose tissue, reduced muscle strength, kyphosis, alopecia, hypothermia and shortened lifespan. The Mcat-deficient phenotype is attributed primarily to reduced synthesis, in several tissues, of the octanoyl precursors required for the posttranslational lipoylation of pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes, resulting in diminished capacity of the citric acid cycle and disruption of energy metabolism. The presence of an alternative lipoylation pathway that utilizes exogenous free lipoate appears restricted to liver and alone is insufficient for preservation of normal energy metabolism. Thus, de novo synthesis of precursors for the protein lipoylation pathway plays a vital role in maintenance of mitochondrial function and overall vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Smith
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA.
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27
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Rocha H, Ferreira R, Carvalho J, Vitorino R, Santa C, Lopes L, Gregersen N, Vilarinho L, Amado F. Characterization of mitochondrial proteome in a severe case of ETF-QO deficiency. J Proteomics 2011; 75:221-8. [PMID: 21596162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder caused by mutations that affect electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or ETF:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO) or even due to unidentified disturbances of riboflavin metabolism. Besides all the available data on the molecular basis of FAO disorders, including MADD, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying clinical phenotype development, namely at the mitochondrial level, are poorly understood. In order to contribute to the elucidation of these mechanisms, we isolated mitochondria from cultured fibroblasts, from a patient with a severe MADD presentation due to ETF-QO deficiency, characterize its mitochondrial proteome and compare it with normal controls. The used approach (2-DE-MS/MS) allowed the positive identification of 287 proteins in both patient and controls, presenting 35 of the significant differences in their relative abundance. Among the differentially expressed are proteins associated to binding/folding functions, mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes as well as proteins associated to apoptotic events. The overexpression of chaperones like Hsp60 or mitochondrial Grp75, antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic proteins reflects the mitochondrial response to a complete absence of ETF-QO. Our study provides a global perspective of the mitochondrial proteome plasticity in a severe case of MADD and highlights the main molecular pathways involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rocha
- I&D unit, Genetics Department, Medical Genetics Center Jacinto Magalhães of National Institute of Health Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Janke R, Genzel Y, Wahl A, Reichl U. Measurement of key metabolic enzyme activities in mammalian cells using rapid and sensitive microplate-based assays. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:566-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Ripcke J, Zarse K, Ristow M, Birringer M. Small-Molecule Targeting of the Mitochondrial Compartment with an Endogenously Cleaved Reversible Tag. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1689-96. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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The metabolic modulators, Etomoxir and NVP-LAB121, fail to reverse pressure overload induced heart failure in vivo. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 104:547-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-009-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Feng D, Witkowski A, Smith S. Down-regulation of mitochondrial acyl carrier protein in mammalian cells compromises protein lipoylation and respiratory complex I and results in cell death. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11436-45. [PMID: 19221180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806991200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological importance of the mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis pathway in mammalian cells using the RNA interference strategy. Transfection of HEK293T cells with small interfering RNAs targeting the acyl carrier protein (ACP) component reduced ACP mRNA and protein levels by >85% within 24 h. The earliest phenotypic changes observed were a marked decrease in the proportion of post-translationally lipoylated mitochondrial proteins recognized by anti-lipoate antibodies and a reduction in their catalytic activity, and a slowing of the cell growth rate. Later effects observed included a reduction in the specific activity of respiratory complex I, lowered mitochondrial membrane potential, the development of cytoplasmic membrane blebs containing high levels of reactive oxygen species and ultimately, cell death. Supplementation of the culture medium with lipoic acid offered some protection against oxidative damage but did not reverse the protein lipoylation defect. These observations are consistent with a dual role for ACP in mammalian mitochondrial function. First, as a key component of the mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, ACP plays an essential role in providing the octanoyl-ACP precursor required for the protein lipoylation pathway. Second, as one of the subunits of complex I, ACP is required for the efficient functioning of the electron transport chain and maintenance of normal mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejiang Feng
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
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32
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Kumar V, Kota V, Shivaji S. Hamster sperm capacitation: role of pyruvate dehydrogenase A and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:190-9. [PMID: 18401010 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.066704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that pyruvate dehydrogenase A2 (PDHA2) is tyrosine phosphorylated in capacitated hamster spermatozoa. In this report, using bromopyruvate (BP), an inhibitor of PDHA, we demonstrated that hamster sperm hyperactivation was blocked regardless of whether PDHA was inhibited prior to or after the onset of hyperactivation, but the acrosome reaction was blocked only if PDHA was inhibited prior to the onset of the acrosome reaction. Further, inhibition of PDHA activity did not inhibit capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation observed in hamster spermatozoa. It is demonstrated that the essentiality of PDHA for sperm capacitation is probably dependent on its ability to generate effectors of capacitation such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cAMP, which are significantly decreased in the presence of BP. MICA (5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, a specific inhibitor of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase [DLD]), another component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc), also significantly inhibited ROS generation and cAMP levels thus implying that these enzymes of the PDHc are required for ROS and cAMP generation. Furthermore, dibutryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate could significantly reverse the inhibition of hyperactivation observed in the presence of BP and inhibition of acrosome reaction observed in the presence of BP or MICA. The calcium ionophore, A23187, could also significantly reverse the inhibitory effect of BP and MICA on sperm acrosome reaction. These results establish that PDHA is required for hamster sperm hyperactivation and acrosome reaction, and DLD is required for hamster acrosome reaction. This study also provides evidence that ROS, cAMP, and calcium are involved downstream to PDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, 500 007 Hyderabad, India
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33
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Le SB, Hailer MK, Buhrow S, Wang Q, Flatten K, Pediaditakis P, Bible KC, Lewis LD, Sausville EA, Pang YP, Ames MM, Lemasters JJ, Holmuhamedov EL, Kaufmann SH. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration as a Source of Adaphostin-induced Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:8860-72. [PMID: 17213201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611777200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaphostin is a dihydroquinone derivative that is undergoing extensive preclinical testing as a potential anticancer drug. Previous studies have suggested that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the cytotoxicity of this agent. In this study, we investigated the source of these ROS. Consistent with the known chemical properties of dihydroquinones, adaphostin simultaneously underwent oxidation to the corresponding quinone and generated ROS under aqueous conditions. Interestingly, however, this quinone was not detected in intact cells. Instead, high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that adaphostin was concentrated by up to 300-fold in cells relative to the extracellular medium and that the highest concentration of adaphostin (3000-fold over extracellular concentrations) was detected in mitochondria. Consistent with a mitochondrial site for adaphostin action, adaphostin-induced ROS production was diminished by >75% in MOLT-4 rho(0) cells, which lack mitochondrial electron transport, relative to parental MOLT-4 cells. In addition, inhibition of oxygen consumption was observed when intact cells were treated with adaphostin. Loading of isolated mitochondria to equivalent adaphostin concentrations caused inhibition of uncoupled oxygen consumption in mitochondria incubated with the complex I substrates pyruvate and malate or the complex II substrate succinate. Further analysis demonstrated that adaphostin had no effect on pyruvate or succinate dehydrogenase activity. Instead, adaphostin inhibited reduced decylubiquinone-induced cytochrome c reduction, identifying complex III as the site of inhibition by this agent. Moreover, adaphostin enhanced the production of ROS by succinate-charged mitochondria. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that mitochondrial respiration rather than direct redox cycling of the hydroquinone moiety is a source of adaphostin-induced ROS and identify complex III as a potential target for antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son B Le
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Reisch AS, Elpeleg O. Biochemical assays for mitochondrial activity: assays of TCA cycle enzymes and PDHc. Methods Cell Biol 2007; 80:199-222. [PMID: 17445696 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(06)80010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Saada Reisch
- The Metabolic Disease Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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35
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Kumar V, Rangaraj N, Shivaji S. Activity of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase A (PDHA) in Hamster Spermatozoa Correlates Positively with Hyperactivation and Is Associated with Sperm Capacitation1. Biol Reprod 2006; 75:767-77. [PMID: 16855207 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.053587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Unravelling the molecular basis of capacitation is crucial to our understanding the basis of acquisition of fertilization competence by spermatozoa. In two recent studies, we have demonstrated that dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, which is a post-pyruvate metabolic enzyme and one of the components of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, undergoes capacitation-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation, and that the activity of the enzyme correlates with capacitation events in the hamster spermatozoa. However, it is not clear as to whether other components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are also crucial for sperm capacitation. In this report, we have identified pyruvate dehydrogenase A2 (PDHA2), a constituent of pyruvate dehydrogenase A (PDHA), which is a component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex that exhibits tyrosine phosphorylation during hamster spermatozoal capacitation. This is the first report showing that hamster sperm PDHA2 is a testis-specific phosphotyrosine that is associated with the fibrous sheath of hamster spermatozoa. The localization of PDHA2 in spermatozoa was investigated using antibodies to PDHA, which is the active tetrameric protein that consists of a homodimer of PDHA2 and PDHB. Both immunofluorescence and confocal studies indicated a unique non-canonical, extramitochondrial localization for PDHA in the principal piece of hamster spermatozoa. It was also observed that PDHA colocalized with AKAP4 in the fibrous sheath of the spermatozoon. The enzymatic activity of PDHA was positively correlated with hyperactivation but not with the acrosome reaction. Given the localization of PDHA and the evidence that its activity correlates positively with hyperactivation and that its PDHA2 subunit exhibits capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation, it appears that PDHA2 is associated with the process of capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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36
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Schwab M, Sauer S, Okun J, Nijtmans L, Rodenburg R, van den Heuvel L, Dröse S, Brandt U, Hoffmann G, Ter Laak H, Kölker S, Smeitink J. Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in propionic aciduria: a pathogenic role for endogenous mitochondrial toxins. Biochem J 2006; 398:107-12. [PMID: 16686602 PMCID: PMC1525008 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction during acute metabolic crises is considered an important pathomechanism in inherited disorders of propionate metabolism, i.e. propionic and methylmalonic acidurias. Biochemically, these disorders are characterized by accumulation of propionyl-CoA and metabolites of alternative propionate oxidation. In the present study, we demonstrate uncompetitive inhibition of PDHc (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) by propionyl-CoA in purified porcine enzyme and in submitochondrial particles from bovine heart being in the same range as the inhibition induced by acetyl-CoA, the physiological product and known inhibitor of PDHc. Evaluation of similar monocarboxylic CoA esters showed a chain-length specificity for PDHc inhibition. In contrast with CoA esters, non-esterified fatty acids did not inhibit PDHc activity. In addition to PDHc inhibition, analysis of respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes also revealed an inhibition by propionyl-CoA on respiratory chain complex III and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. To test whether impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of propionic aciduria, we performed a thorough bioenergetic analysis in muscle biopsy specimens of two patients. In line with the in vitro results, oxidative phosphorylation was severely compromised in both patients. Furthermore, expression of respiratory chain complexes I-IV and the amount of mitochondrial DNA were strongly decreased, and ultrastructural mitochondrial abnormalities were found, highlighting severe mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, our results favour the hypothesis that toxic metabolites, in particular propionyl-CoA, are involved in the pathogenesis of inherited disorders of propionate metabolism, sharing mechanistic similarities with propionate toxicity in micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Schwab
- *Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 150, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven W. Sauer
- *Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 150, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G. Okun
- *Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 150, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leo G. J. Nijtmans
- †Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center – NCMD (Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders), Geert Grooteplein 10, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J. T. Rodenburg
- †Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center – NCMD (Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders), Geert Grooteplein 10, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambert P. van den Heuvel
- †Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center – NCMD (Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders), Geert Grooteplein 10, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Dröse
- ‡Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Gustav-Embden-Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- ‡Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Gustav-Embden-Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Georg F. Hoffmann
- *Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 150, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henk Ter Laak
- †Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center – NCMD (Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders), Geert Grooteplein 10, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kölker
- *Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 150, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
| | - Jan A. M. Smeitink
- †Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center – NCMD (Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders), Geert Grooteplein 10, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jeoung NH, Sanghani PC, Zhai L, Harris RA. Assay of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by coupling with recombinant chicken liver arylamine N-acetyltransferase. Anal Biochem 2006; 356:44-50. [PMID: 16859625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex has long been determined in some laboratories by coupling the production of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to the acetylation of 4-aminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonic acid by arylamine N-acetyltransferase. The assay has some advantages, but its use has been limited by the need for large amounts of arylamine N-acetyltransferase. Here we report production of recombinant chicken liver arylamine N-acetyltransferase and optimization of its use in miniaturized assays for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and its kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Luo C, Wang X, Long J, Liu J. An NADH-tetrazolium-coupled sensitive assay for malate dehydrogenase in mitochondria and crude tissue homogenates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:101-11. [PMID: 16740313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive spectrophotometric assay for determining mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity is described. The assay measures NADH production by coupling it to the reduction of 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT). Via an intermediate electron carrier, either phenazine methosulfate or lipoamide dehydrogenase, INT accepts electrons and is reduced to a red-colored formazan, which can be quantified by spectrophotometer at 500 nm. This assay uses only commercial reagents but gives a 2-5 fold (with lipoamide dehydrogenase) or 5-20 fold (with phenazine methosulfate) activity increase over currently available assays for pure enzyme in mitochondria isolated from human neuroblastoma cells, rat brain and liver, and crude homogenates of rat brain and liver. The assay can be easily performed with 96-well plate and less than 2.5 microg protein of isolated mitochondria or crude tissue homogenate. These results suggest that this assay is a simple, sensitive, stable and inexpensive method with wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Institute for Nutritional Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
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Sauer SW, Okun JG, Schwab MA, Crnic LR, Hoffmann GF, Goodman SI, Koeller DM, Kölker S. Bioenergetics in glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: a role for glutaryl-coenzyme A. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:21830-6. [PMID: 15840571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m502845200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase results in an accumulation of glutaryl-CoA, glutaric, and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids. If untreated, most patients suffer an acute encephalopathic crisis and, subsequently, acute striatal damage being precipitated by febrile infectious diseases during a vulnerable period of brain development (age 3 and 36 months). It has been suggested before that some of these organic acids may induce excitotoxic cell damage, however, the relevance of bioenergetic impairment is not yet understood. The major aim of our study was to investigate respiratory chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation in this disease using purified single enzymes and tissue homogenates from Gcdh-deficient and wild-type mice. In purified enzymes, glutaryl-CoA but not glutaric or 3-hydroxyglutaric induced an uncompetitive inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity. Notably, reduced activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity has recently been demonstrated in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. In contrast to alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, no direct inhibition of glutaryl-CoA, glutaric acid, and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid was found in other enzymes tested. In Gcdh-deficient mice, respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid activities remained widely unaffected, virtually excluding regulatory changes in these enzymes. However, hepatic activity of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was decreased and concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines increased in the bile of these mice, which suggested disturbed oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that bioenergetic impairment may play an important role in the pathomechanisms underlying neurodegenerative changes in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven W Sauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 150, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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