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Kolling LJ, Khan K, Wang R, Pierson SR, Hartman BD, Balasubramanian N, Guo DF, Rahmouni K, Marcinkiewcz CA. Interaction of serotonin/GLP-1 circuitry in a dual preclinical model for psychiatric disorders and metabolic dysfunction. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115951. [PMID: 38735240 PMCID: PMC11267813 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Isolation of rodents throughout adolescence is known to induce many behavioral abnormalities which resemble neuropsychiatric disorders. Separately, this paradigm has also been shown to induce long-term metabolic changes consistent with a pre-diabetic state. Here, we investigate changes in central serotonin (5-HT) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) neurobiology that dually accompany behavioral and metabolic outcomes following social isolation stress throughout adolescence. We find that adolescent-isolation mice exhibit elevated blood glucose levels, impaired peripheral insulin signaling, altered pancreatic function, and fattier body composition without changes in bodyweight. These mice further exhibited disruptions in sleep and enhanced nociception. Using bulk and spatial transcriptomic techniques, we observe broad changes in neural 5-HT, GLP-1, and appetitive circuits. We find 5-HT neurons of adolescent-isolation mice to be more excitable, transcribe fewer copies of Glp1r (mRNA; GLP-1 receptor), and demonstrate resistance to the inhibitory effects of the GLP-1R agonist semaglutide on action potential thresholds. Surprisingly, we find that administration of semaglutide, commonly prescribed to treat metabolic syndrome, induced deficits in social interaction in group-housed mice and rescued social deficits in isolated mice. Overall, we find that central 5-HT circuitry may simultaneously influence mental well-being and metabolic health in this model, via interactions with GLP-1 and proopiomelanocortin circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Kolling
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kanza Khan
- Psychological Sciences, Daemen University, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samantha R Pierson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Hartman
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Deng-Fu Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Liu R, Zhang T, Bai C, Chen J, Zhang X, Liu G, Shen S, Yuan J, Lu Z. Microbial bionic nano-aromatic drugs for prevention of depression induced by chronic stress. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:173. [PMID: 38609944 PMCID: PMC11015588 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder mainly clinically characterized by significant and persistent low spirits. Chronic stress is the leading cause of depression. However, traditional medicine has severe side effects in treating depression, ineffective treatment, and easy recurrence. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent depression in the environment of chronic stress. In this study, aromatherapy was used for the prevention of depression. To solve the defects of intense volatility and inconvenience in using essential oils, we designed bionic nano-aromatic drugs and adhered them to the wallpaper. Inspired by the moldy wallpaper, we successively prepared the morphology-bionic nano-aromatic drugs, the function-bionic nano-aromatic drugs, and the bionic plus nano-aromatic drugs by referring to the morphology of microorganisms and substances in bacterial biofilms. Bionic nano-aromatic drugs remarkably promoted their adhesion on wallpaper. Molecular dynamics simulation explored its molecular mechanism. The essential oils, which were slowly released from the bionic nano-aromatic drugs, showed excellent biosecurity and depression prevention. These sustainedly released essential oils could significantly increase monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain under a chronic stress environment and had excellent neuroprotection. Besides, the bionic nano-aromatic drugs with simple preparation process and low cost had excellent application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, 274015, PR China
| | - Tianlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Chaobo Bai
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Guiying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Songjie Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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Taha M, Mahmoud ME, Al-Kushi AG, Sarhan A, Abdelbagi O, Baokbah TAS, Babateen O, El-Shenbaby I, Qusty NF, Elazab ST. Anxiolytic and antidepressant like effects of Zamzam water in STZ-induced diabetic rats, targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, BDNF/ERK/CREP pathway with modulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1265134. [PMID: 38105928 PMCID: PMC10722298 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1265134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have reported a strong relationship between diabetes and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors; however, there is a lack of information on the underlying pathophysiology. Alkaline Zamzam water (ZW), which is rich in several trace elements, has neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ZW against diabetes-induced behavioral changes and shed light on the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 12): group I (control group), group II (Zamzam water group), group III (diabetic group), and group IV (diabetic + Zamzam water group). Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). At the end of the experiment, the forced swimming test (FST) was used to assess depression-like effects. The elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and open field test (OFT) were performed to evaluate anxiety-like behavior. Blood levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were measured, and prefrontal cortex and hippocampal tissue samples were removed for histological, immunohistochemical, ELISA, and Q-PCR analyses. Results ZW significantly decreased the immobility time in the FST, indicating an antidepressant effect (p < 0.001). Additionally, ZW significantly improved the OFT and open field entry (OFE) percentages in the EPMT, increasing center crossing and decreasing grooming and fecal boli in the OFT. This indicated an anxiolytic-like effect in diabetic rats with histological improvement. Interestingly, ZW significantly increased prefrontal cortical and hippocampal levels of antioxidant enzymes and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. It also modulated the HPA axis by increasing cortisol and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels, with a decrease in ACTH and an increase in monoamine neurotransmitters. Furthermore, diabetic rats that received ZW showed a decrease in the inflammatory markers TNF-α and GFAP by immunohistochemistry and in the mRNA levels of NFκB, IL-1β, and IL6. In addition, ZW downregulated the expression of the BDNF/ERK2/CREP pathway. Conclusion Our results suggested a neuroprotective effect of ZW against diabetes-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and explored the underlying mechanisms. These findings suggest a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with diabetes who experience anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy, Al-Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ezzat Mahmoud
- Histology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Kushi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Sarhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, Qunfudah Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tourki A. S. Baokbah
- Department of Medical Emergency Services, College of Health Sciences-AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Babateen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim El-Shenbaby
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Naeem F. Qusty
- Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Kim S, Doukmak EJ, Shanguhyia M, Gray DJ, Steinhardt RC. Photoactivatable Agonist-Antagonist Pair as a Tool for Precise Spatiotemporal Control of Serotonin Receptor 2C Signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3665-3673. [PMID: 37721710 PMCID: PMC10557072 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthogonal recreation of the signaling profile of a chemical synapse is a current challenge in neuroscience. This is due in part to the kinetics of synaptic signaling, where neurotransmitters are rapidly released and quickly cleared by active reuptake machinery. One strategy to produce a rapid rise in an orthogonally controlled signal is via photocaged compounds. In this work, photocaged compounds are employed to recreate both the rapid rise and equally rapid fall in activation at a chemical synapse. Specifically, a complementary pair of photocages based on BODIPY were conjugated to a 5-HT2C subtype-selective agonist, WAY-161503, and antagonist, N-desmethylclozapine, to generate "caged" versions of these drugs. These conjugates release the bioactive drug upon illumination with green light (agonist) or red light (antagonist). We report on the synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity testing of the conjugates against the 5-HT2C receptor. We then characterize the kinetics of photolysis quantitatively using HPLC and qualitatively in cell culture conditions stimulating live cells. The compounds are shown to be stable in the dark for 48 h at room temperature, yet photolyze rapidly when irradiated with visible light. In live cells expressing the 5-HT2C receptor, precise spatiotemporal control of the degree and length of calcium signaling is demonstrated. By loading both compounds in tandem and leveraging spectral multiplexing as a noninvasive method to control local small-molecule drug availability, we can reproducibly initiate and suppress intracellular calcium flux on a timescale not possible by traditional methods of drug dosing. These tools enable a greater spatiotemporal control of 5-HT2C modulation and will allow for more detailed studies of the receptors' signaling, interactions with other proteins, and native physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer
T. Kim
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Emma J. Doukmak
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | | | - Dylan J. Gray
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Zhao J, Shi W, Lu Y, Gao X, Wang A, Zhang S, Du Y, Wang Y, Li L. Alterations of monoamine neurotransmitters, HPA-axis hormones, and inflammation cytokines in reserpine-induced hyperalgesia and depression comorbidity rat model. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:419. [PMID: 35733107 PMCID: PMC9214971 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and depression often occur simultaneously, but the mechanism of this condition is still unclear. METHODS The aim of this study was to examine the alterations of monoamine neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones, and inflammation cytokines in hyperalgesia and depression comorbidities. The reserpine-induced "Sprague Dawley" (SD) rat models were used, and the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and their metabolic products 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), Homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in raphe nucleus region were tested by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Serum levels of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Cortisol (CORT), and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, IL-10 were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Repeated reserpine injection induced hyperalgesia and depressive behaviors with decreased sucrose preference and horizontal movement distance, and increased immobility time in forced swimming test. The concentrations of 5-HT and NE in raphe nucleus, and ACTH and CORT in serum were elevated in the model group. And the model group showed increases in serum IL-1β and IL-6, and decrease in serum IL-10. CONCLUSION More research in these areas is needed to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, so as to find more and better therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Zhao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Wei Shi
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China ,grid.411609.b0000 0004 1758 4735Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Yujia Lu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Anna Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Shan Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yi Du
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Zhu D, Liu G, Song Y, Li S, Yang S, Hu D, Li P. Enterovirus 71 VP1 promotes 5-HT release by upregulating the expression of ERICH3 and methyltransferase ZC3H13: VP1 promotes 5-HT release by ERICH3 and ZC3H13 upregulation. Virus Res 2022; 318:198843. [PMID: 35660571 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The effect of structural viral protein 1 (VP1) on neurological damage caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is unclear. This study aimed to explore the transcriptome changes in EV infected patients and the role of VP1 on the cell secretion pathway of neuron cells. METHODS In our cohort, EV infected patients were enrolled, and RNA-seq analysis was used to evaluate the distinct transcript patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The EV71 VP1-overexpressing vector (pEGFP-c3-VP1) was generated and transfected into neuron cells. The relationship between Glutamate Rich 3 (ERICH3) and methyltransferase Zinc Finger CCCH-Type Containing 13 (ZC3H13) and their effect on the serotonin (5-HT) release of neuron cells were explored using small interfering RNA. The expression of ERICH3 and ZC3H13 and concentration of 5-HT were determined using real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA, respectively. RESULT The expression of ERICH3 and ZC3H13 were significantly upregulated in EV infected patients with neurological symptoms compared to those without (P<0.05). The ERICH3 gene had many N6-methyladenosine (m6A) binding sites that can be regulated by m6A modification. Further, the expression of ERICH3 and ZC3H13 were elevated significantly in EV71-VP1 overexpressing neuron cells (P<0.05). Moreover, ERICH3 or ZC3H13 deficiency could significantly downregulate the release of 5-HT in VP1-overexpressing cells (P<0.05). Nonetheless, ERICH3 expression was significantly suppressed when ZC3H13 was silenced in neuron cells and vice versa (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS EV71-VP1 can promote 5-HT release by upregulating the expression of ERICH3 and ZC3H13. 5-HT might be a novel therapeutic target for EV71 infection-induced fatal neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhu
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongling Song
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sida Yang
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peiqing Li
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yuen J, Rusheen AE, Price JB, Barath AS, Shin H, Kouzani AZ, Berk M, Blaha CD, Lee KH, Oh Y. Biomarkers for Deep Brain Stimulation in Animal Models of Depression. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:161-170. [PMID: 35125135 PMCID: PMC8655028 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite recent advances in depression treatment, many patients still do not respond to serial conventional therapies and are considered "treatment resistant." Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has therapeutic potential in this context. This comprehensive review of recent studies of DBS for depression in animal models identifies potential biomarkers for improving therapeutic efficacy and predictability of conventional DBS to aid future development of closed-loop control of DBS systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Review using relevant keywords. Overall, 56 animal studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Outcomes were divided into biochemical/physiological, electrophysiological, and behavioral categories. Promising biomarkers include biochemical assays (in particular, microdialysis and electrochemical measurements), which provide real-time results in awake animals. Electrophysiological tests, showing changes at both the target site and downstream structures, also revealed characteristic changes at several anatomic targets (such as the medial prefrontal cortex and locus coeruleus). However, the substantial range of models and DBS targets limits the ability to draw generalizable conclusions in animal behavioral models. CONCLUSIONS Overall, DBS is a promising therapeutic modality for treatment-resistant depression. Different outcomes have been used to assess its efficacy in animal studies. From the review, electrophysiological and biochemical markers appear to offer the greatest potential as biomarkers for depression. However, to develop closed-loop DBS for depression, additional preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on identifying reliable, safe, and effective biomarkers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yuen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Deakin University, IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Aaron E. Rusheen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J. Blair Price
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Charles D. Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kendall H. Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Obermanns J, Krawczyk E, Juckel G, Emons B. Analysis of cytokine levels, T regulatory cells and serotonin content in patients with depression. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3476-3489. [PMID: 33768559 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in peripheral serotonin concentrations and an imbalanced immune system have been reported in patients with depression. Cytokines and T regulatory (Treg) cells may play an important role in the development of depression. This study investigates the levels of cytokines and Treg cells, as well as the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in the blood of 89 patients suffering from depression and 89 healthy participants between two acquisitions. We investigated the state of health before (T1) and after (T2) psychological and pharmacological therapy. Both cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ) and 5-HT levels in the blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The levels of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Patients with depression showed significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 and INF-γ, no altered serum levels of IL-10 and TNF-α, and decreased platelet and serum 5-HT levels compared with healthy participants at the first acquisition. In addition, the symptoms of depression and anxiety, the TNF-α level, and the amount of CD4+ CD25+ cells in the blood were decreased from the first to the second acquisition. Further, a correlation between IL-6 and platelet 5-HT has been observed in patients. An imbalance of the immune system in patients with depression and an association of the serotonergic system and cytokines were observed. These results indicate that the development of depression might be related to several interacting proteins, including cytokines and 5-HT, and the treatment affects imbalances of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Obermanns
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elena Krawczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Emons
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Salari A, Ashouri A, Javadzadeh Moghtader A, Ahmadnia Z, Alizadeh I. The Relationship between Depression Symptoms and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Angiography. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020; 15:370-376. [PMID: 33240388 PMCID: PMC7610074 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v15i4.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide. Depression is one of the effective factors in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases like coronary artery stenosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depression symptoms and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients scheduled for angiography. Method : This prospective, cross sectional research was conducted on as many as 401 patients scheduled to undergo angiography at Dr. Heshmat heart hospital as the referral center in the north of Iran in 2016. Before cardiac catheterization, patients' demographic information (age, gender, level of education, and place of residence) and patients' medical history (history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and family history of cardiac disease) were obtained. Also, Beck Depression Questionnaire 2 (BDI II) was completed by a psychologist before angiography. After collecting the data, SPSS v.21 and statistical tests such as Spearman correlation, and Mann-Whitney U regression were used to analyze the data. Results: After controlling for age, sex, and having history of diabetes mellitus, no relation was found between having depression symptoms and more frequency of vessel involvement (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.98, P =0.130) or higher severity of CAD (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.28, P = 0.087). The results were similar for the relation between severity of depression symptoms and CAD extent or CAD severity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in patients undergoing angiography, depression symptoms were not related to CAD severity and number of involved vessels. Depression was associated with angina, independently of CAD severity. Our study found no significant correlation between CAD severity and severity of depression. The reason may be that measuring depression at a single time point cannot accurately reveal the impact of this problem on the trend of atherosclerosis over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Asieh Ashouri
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arezoo Javadzadeh Moghtader
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadnia
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Iman Alizadeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Ortore G, Orlandini E, Betti L, Giannaccini G, Mazzoni MR, Camodeca C, Nencetti S. Focus on Human Monoamine Transporter Selectivity. New Human DAT and NET Models, Experimental Validation, and SERT Affinity Exploration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3214-3232. [PMID: 32991141 PMCID: PMC8015229 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
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The most commonly used antidepressant
drugs are the serotonin transporter
inhibitors. Their effects depend strongly on the selectivity for a
single monoamine transporter compared to other amine transporters
or receptors, and the selectivity is roughly influenced by the spatial
protein structure. Here, we provide a computational study on three
human monoamine transporters, i.e., DAT, NET, and SERT. Starting from
the construction of hDAT and hNET models, whose three-dimensional
structure is unknown, and the prediction of the binding pose for 19
known inhibitors, 3D-QSAR models of three human transporters were
built. The training set variability, which was high in structure and
activity profile, was validated using a set of in-house compounds.
Results concern more than one aspect. First of all, hDAT and hNET
three-dimensional structures were built, validated, and compared to
the hSERT one; second, the computational study highlighted the differences
in binding site arrangement statistically correlated to inhibitor
selectivity; third, the profiling of new inhibitors pointed out a
conservation of the inhibitory activity trend between rabbit and human
SERT with a difference of about 1 order of magnitude; fourth, binding
and functional studies confirmed 4-(benzyloxy)-4-phenylpiperidine 20a–d and 21a–d as potent SERT
inhibitors. In particular, one of the compounds (compound 20b) revealed a higher affinity for SERT than paroxetine in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ortore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53-55, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Betti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gino Giannaccini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Mazzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Effects of serotonin and dopamine depletion on neural prediction computations during social learning. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1431-1437. [PMID: 32330925 PMCID: PMC7360591 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that individuals with high depression scores demonstrate impaired behavioral and neural responses during social learning. Given that depression is associated with altered dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) functioning, the current study aimed to elucidate the role of these neurotransmitters in the social learning process using a dietary depletion manipulation. In a double-blind design, 70 healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to a 5-HT depletion (N = 24), DA depletion (N = 24), or placebo (N = 22) group. Participants performed a social learning task during fMRI scanning, as part of which they learned associations between name cues and rewarding (happy faces) or aversive (fearful faces) social outcomes. Behaviorally, 5-HT depleted subjects demonstrated impaired social reward learning compared to placebo controls, with a marginal effect in the same direction in the DA depletion group. On the neural level, computational modeling-based fMRI analyses revealed that 5-HT depletion altered social reward prediction signals in the insula, temporal lobe, and prefrontal cortex, while DA depletion affected social reward prediction encoding only in the prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that 5-HT depletion impairs learning from social rewards, on both the behavioral and the neural level, while DA depletion has a less extensive effect. Interestingly, the behavioral and neural responses observed after 5-HT depletion in the current study closely resemble our previous findings in individuals with high depression scores using the same task. It may thus be the case that decreased 5-HT levels contribute to social learning deficits in depression.
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12
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Haleem DJ. Targeting Serotonin1A Receptors for Treating Chronic Pain and Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1098-1108. [PMID: 31418663 PMCID: PMC7057205 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190811161807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of chronic pain with depression is becoming increasingly recognized. Treating both the conditions together is essential for an effective treatment outcome. In this regard, it is important to identify a shared mechanism involved in the association of chronic pain with depression. Central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurotransmission has long been known to participate in the processing of signals related to pain. It also plays a key role in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. Although functional responses to serotonin are mediated via the activation of multiple receptor types and subtypes, the 5-HT1A subtype is involved in the processing of nociception as well as the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. This receptor is located presynaptically, as an autoreceptor, on the perikaryon and dendritic spines of serotonin-containing neurons. It is also expressed as a heteroreceptor on neurons receiving input from serotonergic neurons. This arti-cle targets the 5-HT1A receptors to show that indiscriminate activation of pre and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors is likely to produce no therapeutic benefits; biased activation of the 5-HT heteroreceptors may be a useful strategy for treating chronic pain and depression individually as well as in a comorbid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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13
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Vasilyeva EF, Brusov OS. [Platelets, hemostasis and mental disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:103-108. [PMID: 31851180 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are an easily accessible model for the study of biochemical mechanisms of mental diseases, including schizophrenia and depression. This literature review addresses a role of platelet activation in the pathogenesis of mental diseases. Platelet activation observed in patients with schizophrenia, depression and other mental illnesses is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of thrombotic complications, which can be the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with mental disorders. A deeper understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of mental disorders will help in the study of clinical consequences of these disorders and in choosing the right therapeutic strategy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O S Brusov
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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14
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The 5-HT 6 receptor interactome: New insight in receptor signaling and its impact on brain physiology and pathologies. Neuropharmacology 2019; 172:107839. [PMID: 31682856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin (5-HT)6 receptor is a Gs-coupled receptor exclusively expressed in the central nervous system. Highest receptor densities are found in brain regions implicated in mnemonic functions where the receptor is primarily but not exclusively located in the primary cilium of neurons. The 5-HT6 receptor continues to raise particular interest for neuropharmacologists, given the pro-cognitive effects of antagonists in a wide range of cognitive impairment paradigms in rodents and human. The 5-HT6 receptor also finely controls key neuro-developmental processes including neuron migration and differentiation. However, its influence upon neurodevelopment and cognition is not solely mediated by its coupling to the Gs-adenylyl cyclase pathway, suggesting alternative signal transduction mechanisms. This prompted studies aimed at characterizing the receptor interactome that identified 125 candidate receptor partners, making the 5-HT6 receptor one of the G protein-coupled receptors with the most extensively characterized interactome. These studies showed that the receptor localization at the plasma membrane and, consequently, its signal transduction, are finely modulated by several receptor partners. They demonstrated that prefrontal 5-HT6 receptors engage the mTOR pathway to compromise cognition in neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia, and a role of the 5-HT6-mTOR pathway in temporal epilepsy. Finally, they revealed that the receptor activates Cdk5 signaling in an agonist-independent manner through a mechanism involving receptor phosphorylation by the associated Cdk5 and highlighted its key role in the migration of neurons and neurite growth. These new receptor-operated signaling mechanisms should be considered in the future development of drugs acting on 5-HT6 receptors. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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15
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Losenkov IS, Boiko AS, Levchuk LA, Simutkin GG, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Blood-Serum Glutamate in Patients with Depressive Disorders as a Potential Peripheral Marker of the Prognosis of the Effectiveness of Therapy. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Henke A, Kovalyova Y, Dunn M, Dreier D, Gubernator NG, Dincheva I, Hwu C, Šebej P, Ansorge MS, Sulzer D, Sames D. Toward Serotonin Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters: Development of Fluorescent Dual Serotonin and Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Substrates for Visualizing Serotonin Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:925-934. [PMID: 29281252 PMCID: PMC6342556 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing efforts in our laboratories focus on design of optical reporters known as fluorescent false neurotransmitters (FFNs) that enable the visualization of uptake into, packaging within, and release from individual monoaminergic neurons and presynaptic sites in the brain. Here, we introduce the molecular probe FFN246 as an expansion of the FFN platform to the serotonergic system. Combining the acridone fluorophore with the ethylamine recognition element of serotonin, we identified FFN54 and FFN246 as substrates for both the serotonin transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). A systematic structure-activity study revealed the basic structural chemotype of aminoalkyl acridones required for serotonin transporter (SERT) activity and enabled lowering the background labeling of these probes while maintaining SERT activity, which proved essential for obtaining sufficient signal in the brain tissue (FFN246). We demonstrate the utility of FFN246 for direct examination of SERT activity and SERT inhibitors in 96-well cell culture assays, as well as specific labeling of serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the living tissue of acute mouse brain slices. While we found only minor FFN246 accumulation in serotonergic axons in murine brain tissue, FFN246 effectively traces serotonin uptake and packaging in the soma of serotonergic neurons with improved photophysical properties and loading parameters compared to known serotonin-based fluorescent tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Henke
- Department of Chemistry and Neuro Technology Center at Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Yekaterina Kovalyova
- Department of Chemistry and Neuro Technology Center at Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Matthew Dunn
- Department of Chemistry and Neuro Technology Center at Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Dominik Dreier
- Department of Chemistry and Neuro Technology Center at Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Niko G Gubernator
- Department of Chemistry and Neuro Technology Center at Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Iva Dincheva
- Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | - Christopher Hwu
- Department of Chemistry and Neuro Technology Center at Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Peter Šebej
- Department of Chemistry and Neuro Technology Center at Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Mark S Ansorge
- Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10032 , United States
- Department of Neurology , Columbia University , New York , New York 10032 , United States
- Department of Pharmacology , Columbia University , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry and Neuro Technology Center at Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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17
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Dietrich-Muszalska A, Wachowicz B. Platelet haemostatic function in psychiatric disorders: Effects of antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:564-574. [PMID: 27112326 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2016.1155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Platelets, the smallest anucleated blood cells, play an essential role in the first step of complex haemostatic process. This review presents the haemostatic function of blood platelets related to their activation in psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression), the role of antipsychotic and antidepressant medication, and introduces the mechanisms by which activated platelets may be involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Methods Platelets are interesting and easily accessible blood cells to study biochemical pathways related to schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, and their complex activation process might be useful as a diagnostic peripheral marker for studying psychiatric disorders and haemostatic complications. Results The excessive activation of platelets observed in patients with depression and schizophrenia is involved in cardiovascular diseases, stroke and increased risk of thrombotic complications that may be major causes of morbidity and mortality of patients. The use of antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs in depression and schizophrenia treatment is often associated with haematological side effects such as bleeding, venous thromboembolism and impaired platelet function. Conclusions Understanding the role of platelet activation in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or depression and medication may improve therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dietrich-Muszalska
- a Department of Biological Psychiatry of the Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Barbara Wachowicz
- b Department of General Biochemistry , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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18
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Motamedi S, Karimi I, Jafari F. The interrelationship of metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases with focus on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): Kill two birds with one stone. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:651-665. [PMID: 28361262 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) like Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and depression. If one factor plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of two diseases, it can be concluded that there might be a common root in these two diseases, as well. This review was aimed to highlight the crucial roles of BDNF in the pathogenesis of MetS and NDD and to introduce sole prophylactic or therapeutic applications, BDNF gene therapy and BDFN administration, in controlling MetS and NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Motamedi
- Graduate of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Isaac Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Fariba Jafari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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19
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Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9A modulates anxiety-like behavior in female mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37568. [PMID: 27869229 PMCID: PMC5116628 DOI: 10.1038/srep37568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9A (TTC9A) expression is abundantly expressed in the brain. Previous studies in TTC9A knockout (TTC9A-/-) mice have indicated that TTC9A negatively regulates the action of estrogen. In this study we investigated the role of TTC9A on anxiety-like behavior through its functional interaction with estrogen using the TTC9A-/- mice model. A battery of tests on anxiety-related behaviors was conducted. Our results demonstrated that TTC9A-/- mice exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behaviors compared to the wild type TTC9A+/+ mice. This difference was abolished after ovariectomy, and administration of 17-β-estradiol benzoate (EB) restored this escalated anxiety-like behavior in TTC9A-/- mice. Since serotonin is well-known to be the key neuromodulator involved in anxiety behaviors, the mRNA levels of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) 1, TPH2 (both are involved in serotonin synthesis), and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) were measured in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Interestingly, the heightened anxiety in TTC9A-/- mice under EB influence is consistent with a greater induction of TPH 2, and 5-HTT by EB in DRN that play key roles in emotion regulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that TTC9A modulates the anxiety-related behaviors through modulation of estrogen action on the serotonergic system in the DRN.
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20
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Reimets R, Raud S, Loomets M, Visnapuu T, Volke V, Reimets A, Plaas M, Vasar E. Variability in the effect of antidepressants upon Wfs1-deficient mice is dependent on the drugs’ mechanism of actions. Behav Brain Res 2016; 308:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Giurgiuca A, Schipor S, Caragheorgheopol A, Crasan A, Postolache E, Tudose C, Prelipceanu D, Cozman D. PLATELET SEROTONIN AS BIOMARKER FOR ASSESSING SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR I DISORDER. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2016; 12:275-281. [PMID: 31149101 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2016.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Context Suicide is a global public health issue. Bipolar disorder (BPD) has the highest suicide risk among individuals suffering from mental disorders. Serotoninergic dysfunctions have been linked to suicidal behaviour and platelet serotonin is recognised as a reliable index for the presynaptic serotonin activity. Objective Our aim was to assess whether alterations occur in platelet serotonin concentrations in BPD type I in respect to suicide attempters compared with non-attempters. Design This was a cross-sectional, observational study. Subjects and Methods Plasma platelet serotonin concentrations were measured using ELISA technique in 71 BPD I patients. The participants were assigned into 3 groups (non-attempters, low lethality and high lethality suicide attempters), according to the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Socio-demographical and clinical data was obtained by using MINI 6.0 and a semi-structured questionnaire designed specifically for this research. Results Our study showed significant lower levels of platelet serotonin in suicide attempters compared with non-attempters (p = 0.030) and in high-lethality attempters compared with low-lethality attempters (p = 0.015). The study recorded a higher number of total lifetime and lifetime depressive episodes for suicide attempters with BPD I. Conclusions Our results subscribe to the importance of platelet serotonin as a reliable biomarker in suicide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giurgiuca
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Psychiatry Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Schipor
- "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Research Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Caragheorgheopol
- "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Research Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Crasan
- "Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia" Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - E Postolache
- "Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia" Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Tudose
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Psychiatry Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - D Prelipceanu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Psychiatry Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - D Cozman
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinical Psychology Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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Wachowicz B. Blood Platelet as a Peripheral Cell in Oxidative Stress in Psychiatric Disorders. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Schwartz JA, Rowland MW, Beaver KM. A genetically informed test of cholesterol levels and self-control, depressive symptoms, antisocial behavior, and neuroticism. J Affect Disord 2014; 164:139-47. [PMID: 24856567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cholesterol levels have been found to be associated with a wide range of behavioral problems, including violent and criminal behavior, and a wide range of psychological problems including impulsivity, depression, and other internalizing problems. The casual mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely unknown, but genetic factors may play a role in the etiology of such associations as previous research has found significant genetic influence on cholesterol levels and various deleterious behavioral and psychological outcomes. The current study addressed this existing gap in the literature by performing a genetically sensitive test of the association between cholesterol levels and various outcomes including levels of self-control, depressive symptoms, anger expression, and neuroticism. METHODS DeFries-Fulker (DF) analysis was used to analyze data from 388 twin pairs nested within the Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS). RESULTS The results of the genetically informed models revealed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were negatively and significantly associated with depressive symptoms, had a marginally significant effect on neuroticism, and a nonsignificant effect on both anger expression and self-control. LIMITATIONS The findings may not extrapolate to the larger population of American adults since the subsample of twins with cholesterol information may not be nationally representative. CONCLUSIONS Genetic influences play a significant role in the association between cholesterol levels and various deleterious outcomes and failing to control for these influences may result in model misspecification and may increase the probability of detecting a significant association when one does not actually exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Schwartz
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Lincoln, NE 68588-0561, USA.
| | - Meghan W Rowland
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1273, USA
| | - Kevin M Beaver
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1273, USA; Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Kim JY, Kim A, Zhao ZQ, Liu XY, Chen ZF. Postnatal maintenance of the 5-Ht1a-Pet1 autoregulatory loop by serotonin in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem. Mol Brain 2014; 7:48. [PMID: 24972638 PMCID: PMC4086287 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the importance of 5-HT1A as a major target for the action of several anxiolytics/antidepressant drugs, little is known about its regulation in central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons. Results We report that expression of 5-HT1A and the transcription factor Pet1 was impaired in the rostral raphe nuclei of mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) after birth. The downregulation of Pet1 was recapitulated in 5-Ht1a-/- mice. Using an explant culture system, we show that reduction of Pet1 and 5-HT1A was rescued in Tph2-/- brainstem by exogenous 5-HT. In contrast, 5-HT failed to rescue reduced expression of Pet1 in 5-Ht1a-/- brainstem explant culture. Conclusions These results suggest a causal relationship between 5-HT1A and Pet1, and reveal a potential mechanism by which 5-HT1A-Pet1 autoregulatory loop is maintained by 5-HT in a spatiotemporal-specific manner during postnatal development. Our results are relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of certain psychiatric and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St, Louis 63110, USA.
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25
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Gourand F, Emond P, Bergström JP, Takano A, Gulyás B, Guilloteau D, Barré L, Halldin C. A radiometabolite study of the serotonin transporter PET radioligand [(11)C]MADAM. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:501-6. [PMID: 24857865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION (11)C]MADAM is a radioligand suitable for PET studies of the serotonin transporter (SERT). Metabolite analysis in human and non-human plasma samples using HPLC separation has shown that [(11)C]MADAM was rapidly metabolized. A possible metabolic pathway is the S-oxidation which could lead to SOMADAM and SO2MADAM. In vitro evaluation of these two potential metabolites has shown that SOMADAM exhibited a good affinity for SERT and a good selectivity for SERT over NET and DAT. METHODS Comparative PET imaging studies in non-human primate brain with [(11)C]MADAM and [(11)C]SOMADAM were carried out, and plasma samples were analyzed using reverse phase HPLC. We have explored the metabolism of [(11)C]MADAM in rat brain with a view to understand its possible interference for brain imaging with PET. RESULTS PET imaging studies in non-human primate brain using [(11)C]SOMADAM indicated that this tracer does not bind with high amounts to brain regions known to be rich in SERT. The fraction of [(11)C]SOMADAM in non-human primate plasma was approximately 5% at 4min and 1% at 15min after [(11)C]MADAM injection. HPLC analysis of brain sample after [(11)C]MADAM injection to rats demonstrated that [(11)C]SOMADAM was not detected in the brain. CONCLUSIONS (11)C]SOMADAM is not superior over [(11)C]MADAM as a SERT PET radioligand. Nevertheless, [(11)C]SOMADAM has been identified as a minor labeled metabolite of [(11)C]MADAM measured in monkey plasma. [(11)C]SOMADAM was not detected in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gourand
- CEA, DSV/I2BM, LDM-TEP Group, GIP Cyceron, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen Cedex, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France; CNRS, UMR ISTCT 6301, LDM-TEP Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - P Emond
- INSERM U930- Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours, Hopital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - J P Bergström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Takano
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Gulyás
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Guilloteau
- INSERM U930- Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours, Hopital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - L Barré
- CEA, DSV/I2BM, LDM-TEP Group, GIP Cyceron, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen Cedex, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France; CNRS, UMR ISTCT 6301, LDM-TEP Group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - C Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Gleason OC, Pierce AM, Walker AE, Warnock JK. The two-way relationship between medical illness and late-life depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2013; 36:533-44. [PMID: 24229655 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews some common medical conditions and the interaction between those illnesses and depression in the geriatric population. The authors aim to help clarify the 2-way interaction between depression and these medical conditions, especially in older individuals, and impart some important diagnostic and treatment considerations to the practicing physician. The presence of multiple conditions further complicates treatment, as does associated medication use, substance abuse problems (often underappreciated in the elderly), age-related changes in sleep architecture, and an array of other psychosocial and environmental factors that can contribute to the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondria C Gleason
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, 4502 East 41st Street, Tulsa, OK 74135-2512, USA.
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Visnapuu T, Raud S, Loomets M, Reimets R, Sütt S, Luuk H, Plaas M, Kõks S, Volke V, Alttoa A, Harro J, Vasar E. Wfs1-deficient mice display altered function of serotonergic system and increased behavioral response to antidepressants. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:132. [PMID: 23914152 PMCID: PMC3728556 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that mutations in the WFS1 gene make humans more susceptible to mood disorders. Besides that, mood disorders are associated with alterations in the activity of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. Therefore, in this study, the effects of imipramine, an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake, and paroxetine, a selective inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake, were studied in tests of behavioral despair. The tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were performed in Wfs1-deficient mice. Simultaneously, gene expression and monoamine metabolism studies were conducted to evaluate changes in 5-HT- and NA-ergic systems of Wfs1-deficient mice. The basal immobility time of Wfs1-deficient mice in TST and FST did not differ from that of their wild-type littermates. However, a significant reduction of immobility time in response to lower doses of imipramine and paroxetine was observed in homozygous Wfs1-deficient mice, but not in their wild-type littermates. In gene expression studies, the levels of 5-HT transporter (SERT) were significantly reduced in the pons of homozygous animals. Monoamine metabolism was assayed separately in the dorsal and ventral striatum of naive mice and mice exposed for 30 min to brightly lit motility boxes. We found that this aversive challenge caused a significant increase in the levels of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a metabolite of 5-HT, in the ventral and dorsal striatum of wild-type mice, but not in their homozygous littermates. Taken together, the blunted 5-HT metabolism and reduced levels of SERT are a likely reason for the elevated sensitivity of these mice to the action of imipramine and paroxetine. These changes in the pharmacological and neurochemical phenotype of Wfs1-deficient mice may help to explain the increased susceptibility of Wolfram syndrome patients to depressive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Visnapuu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Centre for Excellence in Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
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28
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Paterson JL, Reynolds AC, Ferguson SA, Dawson D. Sleep and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Sleep Med Rev 2013; 17:465-74. [PMID: 23499210 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental illness that can have a debilitating effect on daily functioning. A body of research reveals altered sleep behaviour in OCD sufferers; however, findings are inconsistent and there is no consensus on the nature of this relationship. Understanding sleep disturbance in OCD is of critical importance given the known negative consequences of disturbed sleep for mood and emotional wellbeing. A systematic literature search was conducted of five databases for studies assessing sleep in adults diagnosed with OCD. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria and qualitative data analysis methods were used to identify common themes. There was some evidence of reduced total sleep time and sleep efficiency in OCD patients. Many of the sleep disturbances noted were characteristic of depression. However, some OCD sufferers displayed delayed sleep onset and offset and an increased prevalence of delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD). Severe OCD symptoms were consistently associated with greater sleep disturbance. While the sleep of OCD patients has not been a major focus to date, the existing literature suggests that addressing sleep disturbance in OCD patients may ensure a holistic approach to treatment, enhance treatment efficacy, mitigate relapse and protect against the onset of co-morbid psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Paterson
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, PO Box 42, Goodwood SA 5034, Australia.
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Post-insult ibuprofen treatment attenuates damage to the serotonergic system after hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 71:1137-48. [PMID: 23147509 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318277d4c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no therapeutic intervention to stem neonatal brain injury after exposure to hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Potential neuroprotective treatments that can be delivered postinsult that target neuroinflammation and are safe to use in neonates are attractive. One candidate is ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in neonates to treat patent ductus arteriosus. We investigated whether ibuprofen can inhibit neuroinflammation and attenuate neuronal damage manifested in a rodent model of preterm HI. Postnatal day 3 (P3) rat pups were subjected to HI (right carotid artery ligation, 30 minutes 6% O₂). Ibuprofen was then administered daily for 1 week (100 mg/kg P3 2 hours after HI, 50 mg/kg P4-P9; subcutaneously). Ibuprofen treatment prevented the P3 HI-induced reductions in brain serotonin levels, serotonin transporter expression, and numbers of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphé nuclei on P10. Ibuprofen also significantly attenuated P3 HI-induced increases in brain cyclooxygenase 2 protein expression, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor levels, as well as the increase in numbers of activated microglia. Thus, ibuprofen administered after an HI insult may be an effective pharmacologic intervention to reduce HI-induced neuronal brain injury in the preterm neonate by limiting the effects of neuroinflammatory mediators.
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30
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Lebe M, Hasenbring MI, Schmieder K, Jetschke K, Harders A, Epplen JT, Hoffjan S, Kötting J. Association of serotonin-1A and -2A receptor promoter polymorphisms with depressive symptoms, functional recovery, and pain in patients 6 months after lumbar disc surgery. Pain 2012; 154:377-384. [PMID: 23318131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the serotonergic (5HT) system seem to have modulatory effects on depression and physical function. Preliminary evidence suggests that gene×environment interactions play a role in the development of depression, with somatic complaints serving as environmental stressors. We hypothesized that pain intensity may serve as a stress factor that modulates the association between SNPs in the 5HT system and depression. We investigated symptoms of pain, depression, physical functioning, and disability in 224 patients 6months after lumbar disc surgery. Associations between these variables and functional promoter SNPs in the serotonin receptor genes 5HTR1A (rs6295) and 5HTR2A (rs6311) were analyzed. For 5HTR2A, we found a significant gene×environment×sex interaction, as female patients carrying at least one A allele of the -1438A/G promoter SNP had significantly higher depression scores when confronted with severe pain compared to women harboring the GG genotype (P=.005). For 5HTR1A, patients homozygous for the -1019 G allele presented higher Beck Depression Inventory scores relative to the CG/CC group, indicating a major effect of this SNP on depression. Furthermore, women homozygous for either the 5HTR1A G allele or the 5HTR2A A allele had lower levels of physical functioning than patients with the other genotypes. These results suggest that 5HTR1A and 5HTR2A promoter variations have gender-dependent modulatory effects on depression and physical function in patients with pain. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that pain after lumbar surgery modulates the association between 5HT gene polymorphisms and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Lebe
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Chronic activation of corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptors reveals a key role for 5-HT1A receptor responsiveness in mediating behavioral and serotonergic responses to stressful challenge. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 72:437-47. [PMID: 22704666 PMCID: PMC3430862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor (CRFR2) is suggested to play an important role in aiding recovery from acute stress, but any chronic effects of CRFR2 activation are unknown. CRFR2 in the midbrain raphé nuclei modulate serotonergic activity of this key source of serotonin (5-HT) forebrain innervation. METHODS Transgenic mice overexpressing the highly specific CRFR2 ligand urocortin 3 (UCN3OE) were analyzed for stress-related behaviors and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses. Responses to 5-HT receptor agonist challenge were assessed by local cerebral glucose utilization, while 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid content were quantified in limbic brain regions. RESULTS Mice overexpressing urocortin 3 exhibited increased stress-related behaviors under basal conditions and impaired retention of spatial memory compared with control mice. Following acute stress, unlike control mice, they exhibited no further increase in these stress-related behaviors and showed an attenuated adrenocorticotropic hormone response. 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid content of limbic nuclei were differentially regulated by stress in UCN3OE mice as compared with control mice. Responses to 5-HT type 1A receptor challenge were significantly and specifically reduced in UCN3OE mice. The distribution pattern of local cerebral glucose utilization and 5-HT type 1A receptor messenger RNA expression levels suggested this effect was mediated in the raphé nuclei. CONCLUSIONS Chronic activation of CRFR2 promotes an anxiety-like state, yet with attenuated behavioral and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress. This is reminiscent of stress-related atypical psychiatric syndromes such as posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic fatigue, and chronic pain states. This new understanding indicates CRFR2 antagonism as a potential novel therapeutic target for such disorders.
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Hindi Attar C, Finckh B, Büchel C. The influence of serotonin on fear learning. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42397. [PMID: 22879964 PMCID: PMC3411733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning of associations between aversive stimuli and predictive cues is the basis of Pavlovian fear conditioning and is driven by a mismatch between expectation and outcome. To investigate whether serotonin modulates the formation of such aversive cue-outcome associations, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and dietary tryptophan depletion to reduce brain serotonin (5-HT) levels in healthy human subjects. In a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, 5-HT depleted subjects compared to a non-depleted control group exhibited attenuated autonomic responses to cues indicating the upcoming of an aversive event. These results were closely paralleled by reduced aversive learning signals in the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex, two prominent structures of the neural fear circuit. In agreement with current theories of serotonin as a motivational opponent system to dopamine in fear learning, our data provide first empirical evidence for a role of serotonin in representing formally derived learning signals for aversive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hindi Attar
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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33
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Wixey JA, Reinebrant HE, Buller KM. Evidence that the serotonin transporter does not shift into the cytosol of remaining neurons after neonatal brain injury. Neurosci Res 2012; 73:252-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Disruption of the serotonergic system after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in a rodent model. Neurol Res Int 2012; 2012:650382. [PMID: 22474587 PMCID: PMC3306961 DOI: 10.1155/2012/650382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying which specific neuronal phenotypes are vulnerable to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, where in the brain they are damaged, and the mechanisms that produce neuronal losses are critical to determine the anatomical substrates responsible for neurological impairments in hypoxic-ischemic brain-injured neonates. Here we describe our current work investigating how the serotonergic network in the brain is disrupted in a rodent model of preterm hypoxia-ischemia. One week after postnatal day 3 hypoxia-ischemia, losses of serotonergic raphé neurons, reductions in serotonin levels in the brain, and reduced serotonin transporter expression are evident. These changes can be prevented using two anti-inflammatory interventions; the postinsult administration of minocycline or ibuprofen. However, each drug has its own limitations and benefits for use in neonates to stem damage to the serotonergic network after hypoxia-ischemia. By understanding the fundamental mechanisms underpinning hypoxia-ischemia-induced serotonergic damage we will hopefully move closer to developing a successful clinical intervention to treat neonatal brain injury.
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Wixey JA, Reinebrant HE, Spencer SJ, Buller KM. Efficacy of post-insult minocycline administration to alter long-term hypoxia-ischemia-induced damage to the serotonergic system in the immature rat brain. Neuroscience 2011; 182:184-92. [PMID: 21440046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism contributing to long-term neuropathology observed after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline, is a potent inhibitor of neuroinflammatory mediators and is successful for at least short-term amelioration of neuronal injury after neonatal HI. However the long-term efficacy of minocycline to prevent injury to a specific neuronal network, such as the serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system, is not known. In a post-natal day 3 (P3) rat model of preterm HI we found significant reductions in 5-HT levels, 5-HT transporter expression and numbers of 5-HT-positive dorsal raphé neurons 6 weeks after insult compared to control animals. Numbers of activated microglia were significantly elevated in the thalamus and dorsal raphé although the greatest numbers were observed in the thalamus. Brain levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also significantly elevated on P45 in the thalamus and frontal cortex. Post-insult administration of minocycline for 1 week (P3-P9) attenuated the P3 HI-induced increases in numbers of activated microglia and levels of TNF-α and IL-1β on P45 with concurrent changes in serotonergic outcomes. The parallel prevention of P3 HI-induced serotonergic changes suggests that inhibition of neuroinflammation within the first week after P3 HI injury was sufficient to prevent long-term neuroinflammation as well as serotonergic system damage still evident at 6 weeks. Thus early, post-insult administration of minocycline may target secondary neuroinflammation and represent a long-term therapy to preserve the integrity of the central serotonergic network in the preterm neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Wixey
- Perinatal Research Centre, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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36
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Abstract
Brain serotonergic circuitries interact with other neurotransmitter systems on a multitude of different molecular levels. In humans, as in other mammalian species, serotonin (5-HT) plays a modulatory role in almost every physiological function. Furthermore, serotonergic dysfunction is thought to be implicated in several psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. We describe the neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of brain serotonergic circuitries. The contribution of emergent in vivo imaging methods to the regional localization of binding site receptors and certain aspects of their functional connectivity in correlation to behavior is also discussed. 5-HT cell bodies, mainly localized in the raphe nuclei, send axons to almost every brain region. It is argued that the specificity of the local chemocommunication between 5-HT and other neuronal elements mainly depends on mechanisms regulating the extracellular concentration of 5-HT the diversity of high-affinity membrane receptors, and their specific transduction modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Charnay
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Département de Psychiatrie, Service de Neuropsychiatrie, Ch. Du Petit-Bel-Air, 2, CH-1225 Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland.
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A triple urocortin knockout mouse model reveals an essential role for urocortins in stress recovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:19020-5. [PMID: 20937857 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1013761107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Responding to stressful events requires numerous adaptive actions involving integrated changes in the central nervous and neuroendocrine systems. Numerous studies have implicated dysregulation of stress-response mechanisms in the etiology of stress-induced psychopathophysiologies. The urocortin neuropeptides are members of the corticotropin-releasing factor family and are associated with the central stress response. In the current study, a triple-knockout (tKO) mouse model lacking all three urocortin genes was generated. Intriguingly, these urocortin tKO mice exhibit increased anxiety-like behaviors 24 h following stress exposure but not under unstressed conditions or immediately following exposure to acute stress. The inability of these mutants to recover properly from the exposure to an acute stress was associated with robust alterations in the expression profile of amygdalar genes and with dysregulated serotonergic function in stress-related neurocircuits. These findings position the urocortins as essential factors in the stress-recovery process and suggest the tKO mouse line as a useful stress-sensitive mouse model.
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Marco EM, Macrì S, Laviola G. Critical Age Windows for Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence from Animal Models. Neurotox Res 2010; 19:286-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Llorente R, O'Shea E, Gutierrez-Lopez MD, Llorente-Berzal A, Colado MI, Viveros MP. Sex-dependent maternal deprivation effects on brain monoamine content in adolescent rats. Neurosci Lett 2010; 479:112-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Reinebrant HE, Wixey JA, Gobe GC, Colditz PB, Buller KM. Differential effects of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury on brainstem serotonergic raphe nuclei. Brain Res 2010; 1322:124-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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