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Pekdiker M, Oğuzman H. The first involved joints and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Rheumatol 2024; 39:274-284. [PMID: 38933716 PMCID: PMC11196237 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2024.10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the first involved joints and associated factors in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 300 newly diagnosed and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naïve RA patients (240 females, 60 males; mean age: 54±1.2 years; range, 18 to 82 years). Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were evaluated between January 2022 and December 2022. The patients were divided into four groups according to autoantibody profile: antibody-negative patients (Group 1; both RF and anti-CCP were negative in this group of patients), RF-positive patients (Group 2), anti-CCP-positive patients (Group 3), and patients with dual seropositivity with RF and antiCCP (Group 4). The patients were also divided into two groups according to the size of the first affected joint: patients with SJI at diagnosis and patients without SJI involvement at diagnosis. Results Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody positivity rates were 40.3% and 35.6%, respectively. The mean lag time to diagnosis was 25±36 months. At the disease onset, 20% of patients did not have small joint involvement (SJI). Seronegative patients tended to be female (p=0.001), had longer lag time (p=0.001), and had lower levels of C-reactive protein (p=0.025), white blood count (p=0.005), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p=0.001) compared to the dual seropositive group. Patients presenting with SJI had a younger age (p=0.002), tended to be female (p=0.001), and had lower RF (p=0.034) and anti-CCP (p=0.031) positivity. Only age (p=0.005) and dual seronegativity (RF and anti-CCP; p=0.035) were the independent predictors of SJI in multivariate analysis. Conclusion The decreasing age and seronegative status were defined as independent risk factors of SJI at the onset of RA. Population-based, prospective studies are needed for earlier diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Pekdiker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Hamdi Oğuzman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye
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2
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Braga Tibaes JR, Barreto Silva MI, Wollin B, Vine D, Tsai S, Richard C. Sex differences in systemic inflammation and immune function in diet-induced obesity rodent models: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13665. [PMID: 38072656 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding sex differences in immunological responses in the context of obesity is important to improve health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to investigate sex differences in systemic inflammation, immune cell phenotype, and function in diet-induced obesity (DIO) animal models. A systematic search in Medline, Embase, and CINAHL from inception to April 2023 was conducted, using a combination of the following concepts: sex, obesity, cytokines, and immune cell phenotypes/function. Forty-one publications reporting on systemic inflammation (61%), cell phenotype (44%), and/or function (7%) were included. Females had lower systemic inflammation compared with males in response to DIO intervention and a higher proportion of macrophage (M)2-like cells compared with males that had a higher proportion of M1-like in adipose tissue. Although there were no clear sex differences in immune function, high-fat DIO intervention remains an important factor in the development of immune dysfunction in both males and females, including disturbances in cytokine production, proliferation, and migration of immune cells. Yet, the mechanistic links between diet and obesity on such immune dysfunction remain unclear. Future studies should investigate the role of diet and obesity in the functionality of immune cells and employ adequate methods for a high-quality investigation of sex differences in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Ines Barreto Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bethany Wollin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna Vine
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Cao J, Gu H, Zhang X, Yun H, Li J, Si CY, Zhang J, Wang H. Intranasal inoculation of female BALB/c mice with replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 expressing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein aggravates lung pathology upon re-encountering the antigen. Virus Res 2023; 335:199201. [PMID: 37595663 PMCID: PMC10470087 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N)-based vaccines, along with other viral protein(s), confer protection in various animal models against infection by SARS-CoV-2 ancestral virus and variants of concern. However, the optimal vaccination procedure and the role of N-specific host adaptive immune responses remain elusive. Here, we report that intranasal inoculation with replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 expressing SARS-CoV-2 N protein (Ad5-N) conferred no protection in the lung of female BALB/c mice upon re-encountering the antigen, either by 10-fold Ad5-N re-exposure or sublethal infection of mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2. By contrast, this procedure led to aggravated lung pathology with more necroptotic CD3+ T cells and Ly6G+ granulocytes, which was associated with the accumulation of IFN-γ-expressing antigen-experienced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These findings pre-caution the clinical application of this vaccination procedure. Furthermore, our data suggest that excessive host adaptive immune responses against N protein contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongfang Yun
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chuan-Yimu Si
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang 421001, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
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4
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Bermejo-Haro MY, Camacho-Pacheco RT, Brito-Pérez Y, Mancilla-Herrera I. The hormonal physiology of immune components in breast milk and their impact on the infant immune response. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023:111956. [PMID: 37236499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes a considerable transformation regarding the anatomy, metabolism, and immune profile that, after delivery, allows for protection and nourishment of the offspring via lactation. Pregnancy hormones are responsible for the development and functionality of the mammary gland for breast milk production, but little is known about how hormones control its immune properties. Breast milk composition is highly dynamic, adapting to the nutritional and immunological needs that the infant requires in the first months of life and is responsible for the main immune modeling of breastfed newborns. Therefore, alterations in the mechanisms that control the endocrinology of mammary gland adaptation for lactation could disturb the properties of breast milk that prepare the neonatal immune system to respond to the first immunologic challenges. In modern life, humans are chronically exposed to endocrine disruptors (EDs), which alter the endocrine physiology of mammals, affecting the composition of breast milk and hence the neonatal immune response. In this review, we provide a landscape of the possible role of hormones in the control of passive immunity transferred by breast milk and the possible effect of maternal exposure to EDs on lactation, as well as their impacts on the development of neonatal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mextli Y Bermejo-Haro
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo T Camacho-Pacheco
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Yesenia Brito-Pérez
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Peterson DR, Seemann F, Wan MT, Ye RR, Chen L, Lai KP, Yu P, Kong RYC, Au DWT. Multigenerational impacts of EE2 on reproductive fitness and immune competence of marine medaka. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 260:106584. [PMID: 37267806 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDC) have been suspected to impact offspring in a transgenerational manner via modifications of the germline epigenome in the directly exposed generations. A holistic assessment of the concentration/ exposure duration-response, threshold level, and critical exposure windows (parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis) for the transgenerational evaluation of reproduction and immune compromise concomitantly will inform the overall EEDC exposure risk. We conducted a multigenerational study using the environmental estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and the marine laboratory model fish Oryzias melastigma (adult, F0) and their offspring (F1-F4) to identify transgenerationally altered offspring generations and phenotype persistence. Three exposure scenarios were used: short parental exposure, long parental exposure, and a combined parental and embryonic exposure using two concentrations of EE2 (33ng/L, 113ng/L). The reproductive fitness of fish was evaluated by assessing fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching success, and sex ratio. Immune competence was assessed in adults via a host-resistance assay. EE2 exposure during both parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis was found to induce concentration/ exposure duration-dependent transgenerational reproductive effects in the unexposed F4 offspring. Furthermore, embryonic exposure to 113 ng/L EE2 induced feminization of the directly exposed F1 generation, followed by subsequent masculinization of the F2 and F3 generations. A sex difference was found in the transgenerationally impaired reproductive output with F4 females being sensitive to the lowest concentration of EE2 (33 ng/L) upon long-term ancestral parent exposure (21 days). Conversely, F4 males were affected by ancestral embryonic EE2 exposure. No definitive transgenerational impacts on immune competence were identified in male or female offspring. In combination, these results indicate that EEDCs can be transgenerational toxicants that may negatively impact the reproductive success and population sustainability of fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Frauke Seemann
- Center for Coastal Studies, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412-5800, USA.
| | - Miles T Wan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Roy R Ye
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Keng P Lai
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Peter Yu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Richard Y C Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Doris W T Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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6
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Shields CA, Wang X, Cornelius DC. Sex differences in cardiovascular response to sepsis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C458-C466. [PMID: 36571442 PMCID: PMC9902216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00134.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increased recognition of the importance of sex as a biological factor affecting disease and health. Many preclinical studies have suggested that males may experience a less favorable outcome in response to sepsis than females. The underlying mechanisms for these differences are still largely unknown but are thought to be related to the beneficial effects of estrogen. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive role of testosterone is also thought to contribute to the sex-dependent differences that are present in clinical sepsis. There are still significant knowledge gaps in this field. This mini-review will provide a brief overview of sex-dependent variables in relation to sepsis and the cardiovascular system. Preclinical animal models for sepsis research will also be discussed. The intent of this mini-review is to inspire interest for future considerations of sex-related variables in sepsis that should be addressed to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in sepsis-induced cardiovascular dysfunction for the identification of therapeutic targets and improved sepsis management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin A Shields
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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7
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Lennard Richard ML, Wirth JR, Khatiwada A, Chung D, Gilkeson GS, Cunningham MA. Conditional knockout of oestrogen receptor alpha in CD11c + cells impacts female survival and inflammatory cytokine profile in murine lupus. Immunology 2022; 167:354-367. [PMID: 35778961 PMCID: PMC9562028 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen and oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) have been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. ERα signalling influences dendritic cell (DC) development and function, as well as inflammation and downstream immune responses. We previously reported that ERα modulates multiple Toll-like receptor-stimulated pathways in both conventional and plasmacytoid DCs in lupus-prone mice. For example, CD11chi MHCII+ cell numbers are reduced in mice with global ERα deficiency or when expressing a short variant of ERα. Herein, RNA-seq analysis of CD11chi cells from bone marrow of NZM2410 mice expressing WT ERα versus ERα short versus ERα null revealed differentially expressed complement genes, interferon-related genes and cytokine signalling (e.g., IL-17 and Th17 pathways). To better understand the role of ERα in CD11c+ cells, lupus prone NZM2410 mice with selective deletion of the Esr1 gene in CD11c+ cells were generated. Phenotype and survival of these mice were similar with the exception of Cre positive (CrePos) female mice. CrePos females, but not males, all died unexpectedly prior to 35 weeks. DC subsets were not significantly different between groups. Since ERα is necessary for robust development of DCs, this result suggests that DC fate was determined prior to CD11c expression and subsequent ERα deletion (i.e., proximally in DC ontogeny). Overall, findings point to a clear functional role for ERα in regulating cytokine signalling and inflammation, suggesting that further study into ERα-mediated regulatory mechanisms in DCs and other immune cell types is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara L. Lennard Richard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jena R. Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Aastha Khatiwada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Gary S. Gilkeson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Medical Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Melissa A. Cunningham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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EGCG Prevents the Transcriptional Reprogramming of an Inflammatory and Immune-Suppressive Molecular Signature in Macrophage-like Differentiated Human HL60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205065. [PMID: 36291849 PMCID: PMC9599716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Scientists are increasingly harnessing the power of the immune system to prevent cancer. While macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment where they orchestrate various aspects of immunity, dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses will play a key role in cancer initiation and progression. Depending on their activation status, macrophages can have a dual impact on tumorigenesis by either antagonising cytotoxic immune cells or enhancing antitumor responses. Increased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages has long been associated with poor patient prognosis in most solid cancers, highlighting their value as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer. A variety of macrophage-centered approaches to cancer therapy have been investigated, including strategies to prevent tumor-promoting activities. In this study, we highlight the chemopreventive properties of EGCG derived from green tea that underpin its ability to re-program macrophage molecular signature and function. Abstract Background: The promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation process enables recapitulation of the polarized M1 or M2 macrophage-like phenotype with inflammatory and immune-suppressive properties. While evidence supports the anti-inflammatory effect of dietary-derived epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), its impact on the onset of immune phenotype molecular signature remains unclear. Methods: Human HL60 promyelocytic cells grown in suspension were differentiated into CD11bHigh/CD14Low adherent macrophages with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Gelatin zymography was used to assess the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and total RNA was isolated for RNAseq and RT-qPCR assessment of differentially expressed gene levels involved in inflammation and immunity. Protein lysates were used to assess the phosphorylation status of signaling intermediates involved in macrophage-like cell differentiation. Results: Cell adhesion and induction of MMP-9 were indicative of HL60 cell differentiation into a macrophage-like phenotype. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK), and cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) were all phosphorylated, and EGCG reduced such phosphorylation status. Increases in inflammation and immunity genes included, among others, CCL22, CSF1, CSF2, IL1B, and TNF, which inductions were prevented by EGCG. This was corroborated by unbiased transcriptomic analysis which further highlighted the capacity of EGCG to downregulate the hematopoietic stem cell regulator CBFA2T3. Conclusion: EGCG inhibits inflammatory signaling crosstalk and prevents the onset of an immune phenotype in macrophage-like differentiated cells.
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Razizadeh MH, Pourrostami K, Kachooei A, Zarei M, Asghari M, Hamldar S, Khatami A. An annoying enteric virus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of human astroviruses and gastrointestinal complications in children. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2389. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumars Pourrostami
- Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology Faculty of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Milad Asghari
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Basic Science Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran
| | - Shahrzad Hamldar
- Department of Virology Faculty of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology Faculty of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Sex differences in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2022; 4:185-191. [PMID: 36311819 PMCID: PMC9592170 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a continuous and well-regulated process requiring both the capacity for self-renewal and the potential for differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Multiple studies indicate that sex hormones exert significant effects on not only hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, but also the development of hematopoietic lineages, resulting in sexual dimorphisms in normal hematopoiesis. Hematologic malignancies comprise a wide variety of cancers affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative diseases. Overall, males are at greater risk and have worse prognosis for most of these malignancies compared with females. A better understanding of the differences between male and female could be of substantial value in research as well as clinical management.
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Hernandez JL, Park J, Hughes SM, Hladik F, Woodrow KA. Characterization of Immune Cells in Oral Tissues of Non-human Primates. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:821812. [PMID: 35224539 PMCID: PMC8873106 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.821812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa contains distinct tissue sites with immune niches capable of either immunogenic or tolerogenic responses. However, immune cell compositions within oral mucosal tissues at homeostasis have not been well-characterized in human relevant tissues. Non-human primates (NHP) are a major model for the human immune system and oral anatomy, and therefore improved understanding of NHP oral immune cell populations can provide important insights for studying disease pathologies and developing therapies. Herein, we characterize immune cell types of three sites within the oral cavity (buccal, sublingual, lingual tonsil) sampled by biopsy and cytobrush in pigtail macaques. Tonsil biopsies had more T-cells, dendritic cells (DCs), DC subtypes, and CD4+ T-cells than buccal or sublingual biopsies when normalized by tissue mass. Biopsy proved to collect more immune cells than cytobrushes, however frequencies of CD45+ subpopulations were comparable between methods. Live cells isolated from biopsied tonsils had greater CD45+ leukocyte frequencies (mean 31.6 ± SD 20.4%) than buccal (13.8 ± 4.6%) or sublingual (10.0 ± 5.1%) tissues. T-cells composed more than half of the CD45+ population in sublingual tissue (60.1 ± 9.6%) and the tonsil (54.6 ± 7.5%), but only 31.9 ± 7.2% in buccal samples. CD20+ B-cells composed a greater percentage of CD45+ leukocytes in the tonsil (12.8 ± 9.1%) than buccal (1.2 ± 1.0%) or sublingual tissues (0.8 ± 1.2%). Immune population comparisons are also made between sex and age. These results present an important step for understanding the oral immune environment, oral disease, and site-specific therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jaehyung Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sean M. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kim A. Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kim A. Woodrow
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12
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Razizadeh MH, Khatami A, Zarei M. Global molecular prevalence and genotype distribution of Sapovirus in children with gastrointestinal complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2302. [PMID: 34626019 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sapovirus (SaV) is an emerging cause of children gastrointestinal complications such as acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the global prevalence of the SaV in children and association of infection with SaVs and AGE in children based on case-control studies. Four international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar) were used to retrieve English-language studies published between January 2000 and December 2020. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was applied to estimate the overall prevalence, publication bias and heterogeneity index. The pooled prevalence of SaV infection among children with gastroenteritis was 3.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9%-3.9%] based on a random-effects meta-analysis. Genogroup I was the dominant genogroup of SaV in children with gastroenteritis [2.2% (95% CI: 1.6%-3.0%)], association analysis showed that SaV was associated with gastroenteritis [OR: 1.843 (95% CI: 1.27-2.66)]. Given the significant prevalence of the virus in children, it is necessary to pay more attention to this situation. Therefore, preventive health measures in children should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Gregus AM, Levine IS, Eddinger KA, Yaksh TL, Buczynski MW. Sex differences in neuroimmune and glial mechanisms of pain. Pain 2021; 162:2186-2200. [PMID: 34256379 PMCID: PMC8277970 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain is the primary motivation for seeking medical care. Although pain may subside as inflammation resolves or an injury heals, it is increasingly evident that persistency of the pain state can occur with significant regularity. Chronic pain requires aggressive management to minimize its physiological consequences and diminish its impact on quality of life. Although opioids commonly are prescribed for intractable pain, concerns regarding reduced efficacy, as well as risks of tolerance and dependence, misuse, diversion, and overdose mortality rates limit their utility. Advances in development of nonopioid interventions hinge on our appreciation of underlying mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity. For instance, the contributory role of immunity and the associated presence of autoimmune syndromes has become of particular interest. Males and females exhibit fundamental differences in innate and adaptive immune responses, some of which are present throughout life, whereas others manifest with reproductive maturation. In general, the incidence of chronic pain conditions, particularly those with likely autoimmune covariates, is significantly higher in women. Accordingly, evidence is now accruing in support of neuroimmune interactions driving sex differences in the development and maintenance of pain hypersensitivity and chronicity. This review highlights known sexual dimorphisms of neuroimmune signaling in pain states modeled in rodents, which may yield potential high-value sex-specific targets to inform future analgesic drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Gregus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ian S Levine
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Tony L Yaksh
- Departments of Anesthesiology and
- Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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14
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Quave CB, Nieto SJ, Haile CN, Kosten TA. Immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 contributes to stress-induced affective responses in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100248. [PMID: 34589759 PMCID: PMC8474610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress activates innate immune Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and enhances susceptibility to depression, a condition that is more prevalent in females. The TLR4 receptor type is involved in inflammatory responses and its expression levels associate with depressive symptoms and their successful treatment. Yet, little preclinical research has examined the role of TLR4 in stress-induced affective responses to determine if these are sex-specific. One group per genotype of male and female Tlr4 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) rats were exposed to predator odor in a place conditioning apparatus with others exposed to saline. Affective behaviors evaluated included distance traveled and center time in an open-field apparatus, sucrose preference and fluid intake in a two-bottle test, and conditioned place aversion to the odor-paired compartment. Predator odor exposed rats showed conditioned place aversion to the odor-paired compartment, demonstrating predator odor was aversive. Such exposure led to anhedonia (decreased sucrose preference) across genotypes and sex. Predator odor exposure decreased distance traveled, an effect that was greater in KO rats, especially in females. Tlr4 deletion also resulted in sex-specific effects on anxiety-like behavior. Compared to WTs, female KO rats showed lower center time after predator odor exposure whereas genotype did not affect this response in male rats. Across litters, fewer male KO and heterozygous rats and more WT rats were born whereas female rats showed the typical genotype distribution. Results suggest predator odor alters affective behaviors, consistent with the preclinical literature, and deletion of Tlr4 enhances some stress-induced affective responses, often in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cana B. Quave
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
| | - Steven J. Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
| | - Colin N. Haile
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
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15
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Abstract
Health and lifespan disparities between sexes are dependent on the immune responses. Men and women have different life styles which determine the environment, nutritional requirements and their interactions with the sex hormones. Sexual dimorphism in innate and adaptive immunity determines responses to infections and other environmental factors regulating health and diseases. Sex hormones regulate immune responses through the expression of receptors which differ for female and male hormones. Estrogen receptors are expressed in brain, lymphoid tissue cells and many immune cells while androgen receptors are limited in expression. Genetic, epigenetic factors and X chromosome linked immune function genes are important in enhanced adaptive immunity in females, leading to production of higher levels of antibodies compared to males. Different nutritional requirements and hormonal control of the mucosal microbiome and its function regulate mucosal immunity. Hormonal changes during various aspects of life and during aging control immune senescence. Evolutionarily, females have an advantage during young age when they are protected from infections by heightened immune reactivity though during aging that can lead to pathologies. Considering the sexual dimorphism in immunity, guidelines need to be established for sex-based treatments for optimal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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16
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Estradiol Enhances Antiviral CD4 + Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell Responses following Mucosal Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Vaccination through an IL-17-Mediated Pathway. J Virol 2020; 95:JVI.01206-20. [PMID: 33028712 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01206-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a sex hormone which has been shown to be protective against sexually transmitted infections such as herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). However, few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms by which this occurs. Here, we investigated the effect of E2 on the establishment of memory T cells post-intranasal immunization with HSV-2. CD4+ T cell responses first appeared in the upper respiratory tract (URT) within 3 days postimmunization before being detected in the female reproductive tract (FRT) at 7 days. E2 treatment resulted in greater and earlier Th17 responses, which preceded augmented Th1 responses at these sites. The CD4+ T cells persisted in the URT for up to 28 days, and E2 treatment resulted in higher frequencies of memory T cells. Intranasal immunization also led to the establishment of CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) in the FRT, and E2 treatment resulted in increased Th1 and Th17 TRM cells. When the migration of circulating T cells into the FRT was blocked by FTY720, immunized E2-treated mice remained completely protected against subsequent genital HSV-2 challenge compared to non-E2 controls, confirming that TRM cells alone are adequate for protection in these mice. Finally, the enhanced vaginal Th1 TRM cells present in E2-treated mice were found to be modulated through an interleukin 17 (IL-17)-mediated pathway, as E2-treated IL-17A-deficient mice had impaired establishment of Th1 TRM cells. This study describes a novel role for E2 in enhancing CD4+ memory T cells and provides insight on potential strategies for generating optimal immunity during vaccination.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection for which there is currently no vaccine available. Interestingly, the female sex hormone estradiol has been shown to be protective against HSV-2. However, the underlying mechanisms by which this occurs remains relatively unknown. Our study demonstrates that under the influence of estradiol treatment, intranasal immunization with an attenuated strain of HSV-2 leads to enhanced establishment of antiviral memory T cell responses in the upper respiratory tract and female reproductive tract. In these sites, estradiol treatment leads to greater Th17 memory cells, which precede enhanced Th1 memory responses. Consequently, the T cell responses mounted by tissue-resident memory cells in the female reproductive tract of estradiol-treated mice are sufficient to protect mice against vaginal HSV-2 challenge. This study offers important insights regarding the regulation of mucosal immunity by hormones and on potential strategies for generating optimal immunity during vaccination.
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17
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Monteiro C, Kasahara T, Sacramento PM, Dias A, Leite S, Silva VG, Gupta S, Agrawal A, Bento CAM. Human pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone contribute to humoral immunity by activating T FH /B cell axis. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:167-179. [PMID: 33012073 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circulating TFH (cTFH ) cells express CXCR5, PD-1, and, when activated, ICOS, and release IL-21. According to the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 and expression of FoxP3, these cells are also classified as cTFH 1, cTFH 2, cTFH 17, and cTFR cells, respectively. This CD4+ T-cell subset is pivotal to efficient humoral immunity, and pregnancy appears to favor IgG production. Here, not only pregnancy amplified the in vivo production of anti-HBsAg IgG in HBV immunized women, but the frequency of cTFH cells was directly correlated with estradiol levels. In vitro, pregnancy-related dose of 17-β-estradiol (E2) directly increased the percentage of different cTFH subsets. While E2 and progesterone (P4) increased the proportion of differentiated TFH cells derived from naïve CD4+ T-cells, only E2 amplified the release of IL-21 in those cell cultures. In addition, E2 and P4 increased the proportion of memory B cells and plasma cells, respectively. In SEB-activated B/TFH cell co-cultures, E2, in the presence of P4, increased the production of total IgG. Finally, among the hormones, P4 was stronger in upregulating the percentage of IL-10+ TFR cells. Collectively, our findings suggested that E2 and P4 cooperate in the humoral immune response by favoring the expansion of different cTFH and B cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa Kasahara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Sacramento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aleida Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Leite
- Fernando Figueiras Institute, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vander G Silva
- Fernando Figueiras Institute, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fernando Figueiras Institute, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Lasrado N, Jia T, Massilamany C, Franco R, Illes Z, Reddy J. Mechanisms of sex hormones in autoimmunity: focus on EAE. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:50. [PMID: 32894183 PMCID: PMC7475723 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-related differences in the occurrence of autoimmune diseases is well documented, with females showing a greater propensity to develop these diseases than their male counterparts. Sex hormones, namely dihydrotestosterone and estrogens, have been shown to ameliorate the severity of inflammatory diseases. Immunologically, the beneficial effects of sex hormones have been ascribed to the suppression of effector lymphocyte responses accompanied by immune deviation from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine production. In this review, we present our view of the mechanisms of sex hormones that contribute to their ability to suppress autoimmune responses with an emphasis on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Ting Jia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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19
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Om K, Paquin-Proulx D, Montero M, Peachman K, Shen X, Wieczorek L, Beck Z, Weiner JA, Kim D, Li Y, Mdluli T, Shubin Z, Bryant C, Sharma V, Tokarev A, Dawson P, White Y, Appelbe O, Klatt NR, Tovanabutra S, Estes JD, Matyas GR, Ferrari G, Alving CR, Tomaras GD, Ackerman ME, Michael NL, Robb ML, Polonis V, Rolland M, Eller MA, Rao M, Bolton DL. Adjuvanted HIV-1 vaccine promotes antibody-dependent phagocytic responses and protects against heterologous SHIV challenge. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008764. [PMID: 32881968 PMCID: PMC7505435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To augment HIV-1 pox-protein vaccine immunogenicity using a next generation adjuvant, a prime-boost strategy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara and multimeric Env gp145 was evaluated in macaques with either aluminum (alum) or a novel liposomal monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) formulation adsorbed to alum, ALFA. Binding antibody responses were robust and comparable between arms, while antibody-dependent neutrophil and monocyte phagocytotic responses were greatly enhanced by ALFA. Per-exposure vaccine efficacy against heterologous tier 2 SHIV mucosal challenge was 90% in ALFA-adjuvanted males (P = 0.002), while alum conferred no protection. Half of the ALFA-adjuvanted males remained uninfected after the full challenge series, which spanned seven months after the last vaccination. Antibody-dependent monocyte and neutrophil phagocytic responses both strongly correlated with protection. Significant sex differences in infection risk were observed, with much lower infection rates in females than males. In humans, MPLA-liposome-alum adjuvanted gp120 also increased HIV-1-specific phagocytic responses relative to alum. Thus, next-generation liposome-based adjuvants can drive vaccine elicited antibody effector activity towards potent phagocytic responses in both macaques and humans and these responses correlate with protection. Future protein vaccination strategies aiming to improve functional humoral responses may benefit from such adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kier Om
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Montero
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristina Peachman
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zoltan Beck
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Dohoon Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yifan Li
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thembi Mdluli
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhanna Shubin
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Vishakha Sharma
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrey Tokarev
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Dawson
- EMMES, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yohann White
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Oliver Appelbe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nichole R. Klatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carl R. Alving
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victoria Polonis
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mangala Rao
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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20
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Deems NP, Leuner B. Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100820. [PMID: 31987814 PMCID: PMC7225072 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk and resilience in brain health and disease can be influenced by a variety of factors. While there is a growing appreciation to consider sex as one of these factors, far less attention has been paid to sex-specific variables that may differentially impact females such as pregnancy and reproductive history. In this review, we focus on nervous system disorders which show a female bias and for which there is data from basic research and clinical studies pointing to modification in disease risk and progression during pregnancy, postpartum and/or as a result of parity: multiple sclerosis (MS), depression, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In doing so, we join others (Shors, 2016; Galea et al., 2018a) in aiming to illustrate the importance of looking beyond sex in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Deems
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA.
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21
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Knowles EEM, Curran JE, Göring HHH, Mathias SR, Mollon J, Rodrigue A, Olvera RL, Leandro A, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Family-based analyses reveal novel genetic overlap between cytokine interleukin-8 and risk for suicide attempt. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:292-299. [PMID: 30953777 PMCID: PMC7168352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is major public health concern. It is imperative to find robust biomarkers so that at-risk individuals can be identified in a timely and reliable manner. Previous work suggests mechanistic links between increased cytokines and risk for suicide, but questions remain regarding the etiology of this association, as well as the roles of sex and BMI. METHODS Analyses were conducted using a randomly-ascertained extended-pedigree sample of 1882 Mexican-American individuals (60% female, mean age = 42.04, range = 18-97). Genetic correlations were calculated using a variance components approach between the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and Lifetime Suicide Attempt and Current Suicidal Ideation. The potentially confounding effects of sex and BMI were considered. RESULTS 159 individuals endorse a Lifetime Suicide Attempt. IL-8 and IL-6 shared significant genetic overlap with risk for suicide attempt (ρg = 0.49, pFDR = 7.67 × 10-03; ρg = 0.53, pFDR = 0.01), but for IL-6 this was attenuated when BMI was included as a covariate (ρg = 0.37, se = 0.23, pFDR = 0.12). Suicide attempts were significantly more common in females (pFDR = 0.01) and the genetic overlap between IL-8 and risk for suicide attempt was significant in females (ρg = 0.56, pFDR = 0.01), but not in males (ρg = 0.44, pFDR = 0.30). DISCUSSION These results demonstrate that: IL-8 shares genetic influences with risk for suicide attempt; females drove this effect; and BMI should be considered when assessing the association between IL-6 and suicide. This finding represents a significant advancement in knowledge by demonstrating that cytokine alterations are not simply a secondary manifestation of suicidal behavior, but rather, the pathophysiology of suicide attempts is, at least partly, underpinned by the same biological mechanisms responsible for regulating inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Leandro
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics at University of Pennsylvania and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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22
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Abstract
Class switch recombination (CSR) generates isotype-switched antibodies with distinct effector functions essential for mediating effective humoral immunity. CSR is catalyzed by activation-induced deaminase (AID) that initiates DNA lesions in the evolutionarily conserved switch (S) regions at the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus. AID-initiated DNA lesions are subsequently converted into DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) in the S regions of Igh locus, repaired by non-homologous end-joining to effect CSR in mammalian B lymphocytes. While molecular mechanisms of CSR are well characterized, it remains less well understood how upstream signaling pathways regulate AID expression and CSR. B lymphocytes express multiple receptors including the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and co-receptors (e.g., CD40). These receptors may share common signaling pathways or may use distinct signaling elements to regulate CSR. Here, we discuss how signals emanating from different receptors positively or negatively regulate AID expression and CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangguo Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To give an overview of recently published articles addressing the mechanisms underlying sex bias in autoimmune disease. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies investigating the origins of sex bias in autoimmune disease have revealed an extensive and interconnected network of genetic, hormonal, microbial, and environmental influences. Investigation of sex hormones has moved beyond profiling the effects of hormones on activity and prevalence of immune cell types to defining the specific immunity-related genes driving these changes. Deeper examination of the genetic content of the X and Y chromosomes and genetic escapees of X chromosome inactivation has revealed some key drivers of female-biased autoimmunity. Animal studies are offering further insights into the connections among microbiota, particularly that of the gut, and the immune system. SUMMARY Sex bias in autoimmune disease is the manifestation of a complex interplay of the sex chromosomes, sex hormones, the microbiota, and additional environmental and sociological factors.
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Rainville JR, Hodes GE. Inflaming sex differences in mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:184-199. [PMID: 29955150 PMCID: PMC6235877 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Men and women often experience different symptoms or rates of occurrence for a variety of mood disorders. Many of the symptoms of mood disorders overlap with autoimmune disorders, which also have a higher prevalence in women. There is a growing interest in exploring the immune system to provide biomarkers for diagnosis of mood disorders, along with new targets for developing treatments. This review examines known sex differences in the immune system and their relationship to mood disorders. We focus on immune alterations associated with unipolar depression, bipolar depression, and anxiety disorders. We describe work from both basic and clinical research examining potential immune mechanisms thought to contribute to stress susceptibility and associated mood disorders. We propose that sex and age are important, intertwined factors that need to be included in future experimental designs if we are going to harness the power of the immune system to develop a new wave of treatments for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Rainville
- Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Georgia E Hodes
- Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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Özaydın T, Öznurlu Y, Sur E, Çelik İ, Uluışık D. The effects of bisphenol A on some plasma cytokine levels and distribution of CD8 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes in spleen, ileal Peyer's patch and bronchus associated lymphoid tissue in rats. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:728-733. [PMID: 30107890 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of bisphenol A on the some plasma cytokine levels and distribution of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes in spleen, ilealPeyer's patch and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in rats were investigated. A total of fourty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups including 8 rats in each one: control, vehicle, BPA 5, BPA 50 and BPA 500 groups. Doses of 5, 50 and 500 μg/kg BPA were dissolved in ethanol, then mixed with corn oil. The control group received no treatment. The vehicle group was given the ethanol-corn oil mixture. BPA 5, BPA 50 and BPA 500 groups were given, respectively, 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg/day orally. In blood samples, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α plasma levels were determined with ELISA. Tissue samples (spleen, ileal Peyer's patches and lung) were processed by means of routine histological techniques. CD4 and CD8 were stained immunohistochemically. Data obtained from this study showed that, BPA causes the alteration on immune parameters including cytokine profile, distribution of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymhpocytes in spleen and ileal Peyer's patches. Present study indicated that BPA may affect immune systems even at lower doses.Disruption of immun system cells and cytokine levels can result in harmful outcomes triggering autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiencies.
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Slowik A, Lammerding L, Zendedel A, Habib P, Beyer C. Impact of steroid hormones E2 and P on the NLRP3/ASC/Casp1 axis in primary mouse astroglia and BV-2 cells after in vitro hypoxia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:18-26. [PMID: 29772377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and animal model studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in different disease models of the central nervous system (CNS) including ischemic stroke. Inflammasomes are involved in the interleukin-1 beta (IL1beta) maturation, in particular, NLRP3, the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and the active caspase-1 (Casp1) form. Recently, we showed that administration of E2 or P selectively regulated these components after experimental ischemic stroke in rats. Therefore, we investigated the impact of E2 and P on the NLRP3/ASC/Casp1 axis in the murine microglia-like cell line BV-2 cells and primary astrocytes after short-term in vitro hypoxia. The inflammatory cytokine IL1beta but not IL18 was increased after short-term hypoxia in astroglia and BV-2 cells. The same applied to NLPR3 and ASC. Casp1 activity was also elevated in astroglia and BV-2 cells after hypoxia. The administration of E2 or P selectively dampened IL1beta, ASC and NLRP3 expression mainly in BV-2 cells. Both steroid hormones failed to reduce Casp1 activity after hypoxia. We conclude that E2- and P-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms occur upstream of Casp1 through the regulation of NLRP3 and its adaptor ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leoni Lammerding
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Giulan Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA-Brain, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Rainville JR, Tsyglakova M, Hodes GE. Deciphering sex differences in the immune system and depression. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 50:67-90. [PMID: 29288680 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Certain mood disorders and autoimmune diseases are predominately female diseases but we do not know why. Here, we explore the relationship between depression and the immune system from a sex-based perspective. This review characterizes sex differences in the immune system in health and disease. We explore the contribution of gonadal and stress hormones to immune function at the cellular and molecular level in the brain and body. We propose hormonal and genetic sex specific immune mechanisms that may contribute to the etiology of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Rainville
- Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Mariya Tsyglakova
- Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Georgia E Hodes
- Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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28
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Qin Y, Smith TG, Jackson F, Gallardo-Romero NF, Morgan CN, Olson V, Hutson CL, Wu X. Revisiting rabies virus neutralizing antibodies through infecting BALB/c mice with live rabies virus. Virus Res 2018; 248:39-43. [PMID: 29471052 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the production of rabies virus (RABV) neutralizing antibody after virus infection through a mouse model. The BALB/c mice from different age groups (three, five, seven week old) were intramuscularly inoculated with live rabies virus (TX coyote 323R). Without pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), we found there is a decreased fatality with increased age of animals, the mortalities are 60%, 50%, and 30%, respectively. Interestingly, through assay of rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), the results showed that all the animals that succumbed to rabies challenge, except one, developed circulating neutralizing antibodies, and all the healthy animals, except two, did not generate virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA). Our animal study suggests that the induction of VNA was an indicator of infection progression in the central nervous system (CNS) and speculate that RABV neutralizing antibodies did not cross the blood-brain barrier of the CNS for those diseased animals. We hypothesize that early release of viral antigens from damaged nerve tissue might potentially be a benefit for survivors, and we also discuss several other aspects of the interaction of RABV and its neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Qin
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Todd G Smith
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Felix Jackson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Nadia F Gallardo-Romero
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Clint N Morgan
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Victoria Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Christina L Hutson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Xianfu Wu
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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29
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Sex-specific effects of developmental lead exposure on the immune-neuroendocrine network. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:142-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Neuman‐Lee LA, Terletzky PA, Atwood TC, Gese EM, Smith GD, Greenfield S, Pettit J, French SS. Demographic and temporal variations in immunity and condition of polar bears (
Ursus maritimus
) from the southern Beaufort Sea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2017; 327:333-346. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd C. Atwood
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Anchorage Alaska
| | - Eric M. Gese
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan Utah
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Logan Utah
| | - Geoffrey D. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences Dixie State University St. George Utah
| | | | - John Pettit
- Department of Biology Utah State University Logan Utah
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Scott JL, Wirth JR, Eudaly J, Ruiz P, Cunningham MA. Complete knockout of estrogen receptor alpha is not directly protective in murine lupus. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:132-141. [PMID: 28822833 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and potentially severe autoimmune disease that disproportionately affects women. Despite a known role for hormonal factors impacting autoimmunity and disease pathogenesis, the specific mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Our laboratory previously backcrossed "estrogen receptor alpha knockout (ERαKO)" mice onto the NZM2410 lupus prone background to generate NZM/ERαKO mice. This original ERαKO mouse, developed in the mid-1990s and utilized in hundreds of published studies, is not in fact ERα null. They express an N-terminally truncated ERα, and are considered a functional KO. They have physiologic deficiencies including infertility due to disruption of a critical activation domain (AF-1) at the N terminus of ERα, required for most classic estrogen (E2) actions. We demonstrated that female NZM/ERαKO mice had significantly less renal disease and significantly prolonged survival compared to WT littermates despite similar serum levels of autoantibodies and glomerular immune complex deposition. Herein, we present results of experiments using a lupus prone true ERα-/- mice (deletional KO mice on the NZM2410 background), surprisingly finding that these animals were not protected if they were ovariectomized, suggesting that another hormonal component confers protection, possibly testosterone, rather than the absence of the full-length ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Scott
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jena R Wirth
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jackie Eudaly
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Phil Ruiz
- University of Miami, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1611 N.W. 12th Ave., Holtz Center, East Tower, Room 2101, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Melissa A Cunningham
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Sullivan DA, Rocha EM, Aragona P, Clayton JA, Ding J, Golebiowski B, Hampel U, McDermott AM, Schaumberg DA, Srinivasan S, Versura P, Willcox MDP. TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:284-333. [PMID: 28736336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eduardo M Rocha
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ocular Surface Diseases Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy
| | - Janine A Clayton
- National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Ding
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulrike Hampel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra A Schaumberg
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Piera Versura
- Department of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Miller MM, McMullen PD, Andersen ME, Clewell RA. Multiple receptors shape the estrogen response pathway and are critical considerations for the future of in vitro-based risk assessment efforts. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:564-580. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1289150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Xia F, Wang N, Chen C, Nie X, Li Q, Han B, Zhai H, Jiang B, Shen Z, Lu Y. A Higher Ratio of Estradiol to Testosterone Is Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Males. Thyroid 2017; 27:960-966. [PMID: 28558486 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is highly prevalent. Although AITD is less common in males, it is unclear whether estradiol (E2) combined with total testosterone (T) contributes to the prevalence of AITD. This study evaluated the association between the E2/T ratio and the prevalence of AITD in males. METHODS The data were obtained from a cross-sectional population-based study, the SPECT-China study, 2014-2015. A total of 4109 males ≥18 years of age were enrolled in this study. Participants underwent several checkups, which included assays of serum E2, T, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels, as well as thyroid ultrasonography (US). AITD was defined based on the presence of TPOAb and TgAb levels, and the presence of thyroid US findings. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of positivity for TPOAb and/or TgAb (TPO/TgAb[+]) was 11.02%, and the positivity for TPOAb and/or TgAb together with US (TPO/TgAb[+] and US[+]) was 4.58%. The E2/T ratio levels were significantly higher in the TPO/TgAb(+) group and the TPO/TgAb(+) and US(+) group (7.91 ± 8.03 vs. 7.19 ± 10.30, p = 0.003; 8.78 ± 11.26 vs. 7.19 ± 10.30, p = 0.001) compared to the TPO and TgAb(-) group. The prevalence of TPO/TgAb(+) and US(+) significantly increased with an increasing E2/T ratio (p = 0.013). Binary logistic analysis showed that increased E2/T ratio levels were associated with an increased risk of AITD (TPO/TgAb[+]: odds ratio = 1.35, p = 0.002; TPO/TgAb[+] and US[+]: odds ratio = 1.48, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS AITD is highly prevalent in males in China. Higher E2/T ratios were significantly associated with AITD among males. Further studies will be needed to assess whether there is a causal relationship between E2/T ratios and AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Chen
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Nie
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Hualing Zhai
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Boren Jiang
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- 2 Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- 1 Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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S. Lashkari B, Anumba DOC. Estradiol alters the immune-responsiveness of cervical epithelial cells stimulated with ligands of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173646. [PMID: 28296959 PMCID: PMC5351915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosa of the female reproductive tract plays a pivotal role in host defence. Pregnancy must alter immunological mechanisms at this interface to protect the conceptus. We sought to determine how estradiol (E2) alters the immune-responsiveness of cervical epithelial cells to ligand stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4. Human ectocervical epithelial cells (HECECs) were cultured and co-incubated with two concentrations of E2 and peptidoglycan (PGN) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) over durations that ranged between 10 minutes and 18 hours. Cytometric Bead Array was performed to quantify eight cytokines in the supernatant fluid. In response to PGN, HECECs co-incubated with E2 released lesser quantities of IL-1ß and IFNγ, higher levels of RANTES, and variable levels of IL-6 and IL-8 than those not exposed to E2. In contrast, HECECs co-incubated with LPS and E2 secreted increased levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and IFNγ at 2 and 18 hours than HECECs not exposed to E2, and reduced levels of RANTES at same study time-points. Estradiol alters the immune-responsiveness of cultured HECECs to TLR2 and TLR4 ligands in a complex fashion that appears to vary with bacterial ligand, TLR subtype, and duration of exposure. Our observations are consistent with the functional complexity that this mucosal interface requires for its immunological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnia S. Lashkari
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Jessop Wing, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dilly O. C. Anumba
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Jessop Wing, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Vasile M, Corinaldesi C, Antinozzi C, Crescioli C. Vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A view inside gender differences. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:228-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Laffont S, Seillet C, Guéry JC. Estrogen Receptor-Dependent Regulation of Dendritic Cell Development and Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:108. [PMID: 28239379 PMCID: PMC5300975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancer affect women and men differently. Because they tend to develop more vigorous adaptive immune responses than men, women are less susceptible to some infectious diseases but also at higher risk of autoimmunity. The regulation of immune responses by sex-dependent factors probably involves several non-redundant mechanisms. A privileged area of study, however, concerns the role of sex steroid hormones in the biology of innate immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs). In recent years, our understanding of the lineage origin of DC populations has expanded, and the lineage-committing transcription factors shaping peripheral DC subsets have been identified. Both progenitor cells and mature DC subsets express estrogen receptors (ERs), which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. This suggests that estrogens may contribute to the reported sex differences in immunity by regulating DC biology. Here, we review the recent literature and highlight evidence that estrogen-dependent activation of ERα regulates the development or the functional responses of particular DC subsets. The in vitro model of GM-CSF-induced DC differentiation shows that CD11c+ CD11bint Ly6cneg cells depend on ERα activation by estrogen for their development, and for the acquisition of competence to activate naive CD4+ T lymphocytes and mount a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response to CD40 stimulation. In this model, estrogen signaling in conjunction with GM-CSF is necessary to promote early interferon regulatory factor (Irf)-4 expression in macrophage-DC progenitors and their subsequent differentiation into IRF-4hi CD11c+ CD11bint Ly6cneg cells, closely related to the cDC2 subset. The Flt3L-induced model of DC differentiation in turn shows that ERα signaling promotes the development of conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) with higher capability of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to TLR stimulation. Likewise, cell-intrinsic ER signaling positively regulates the TLR-driven production of type I interferons (IFNs) in mouse pDCs in vivo. This effect of estrogens likely contributes to the greater proficiency of women's pDCs than men's as regards the production of type I IFNs elicited by TLR7 ligands. In summary, evidence is emerging in support of the notion that estrogen signaling regulates important aspects of cDC and pDC development and/or effector functions, in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laffont
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Cyril Seillet
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
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Neuman-Lee LA, French SS. Endocrine-reproductive-immune interactions in female and male Galápagos marine iguanas. Horm Behav 2017; 88:60-69. [PMID: 27818221 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-immune interactions are variable across species and contexts making it difficult to discern consistent patterns. There is a paucity of data in non-model systems making these relationships even more nebulous, particularly in reptiles. In the present study, we have completed a more comprehensive test of the relationship among steroid hormones and ecologically relevant immune measures. We tested the relationship between baseline and stress-induced levels of sex and adrenal steroid hormones and standard ecoimmunological metrics in both female and male Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). We found significant associations between adrenal activity and immunity, whereby females that mounted greater corticosterone responses to stress had lower basal and stress-induced immunity (i.e., bactericidal ability). Males showed the opposite relationship, suggesting sex-specific immunomodulatory actions of corticosterone. In both sexes, we observed a stress-induced increase in corticosterone, and in females a stress-induced increase in bactericidal ability. Consistent with other taxa, we also found that baseline corticosterone and testosterone in males was inversely related to baseline bactericidal ability. However, in females, we found a positive relationship between both testosterone and progesterone and bactericidal ability. Multivariate analysis did not discern any further endocrine-immune relationships, suggesting that interactions between adrenal, sex steroid hormones, and the immune system may not be direct and instead may be responding to other common stimuli, (i.e., reproductive status, energy). Taken together, these data illustrate significant endocrine-immune interactions that are highly dependent on sex and the stress state of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin A Neuman-Lee
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA; The Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5205 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA; The Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5205 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA.
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Zhang Q, Huang Y, Zhang K, Huang Y, Yan Y, Wang F, Wu J, Wang X, Xu Z, Chen Y, Cheng X, Li Y, Jiao J, Ye D. Cadmium-induced immune abnormality is a key pathogenic event in human and rat models of preeclampsia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:770-782. [PMID: 27511439 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With increased industrial development, cadmium is an increasingly important environmental pollutant. Studies have identified various adverse effects of cadmium on human beings. However, the relationships between cadmium pollution and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia remain elusive. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of cadmium on immune system among preeclamptic patients and rats. The results showed that the cadmium levels in the peripheral blood of preeclamptic patients were significantly higher than those observed in normal pregnancy. Based on it, a novel rat model of preeclampsia was established by the intraperitoneal administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (0.125 mg of Cd/kg body weight) on gestational days 9-14. Key features of preeclampsia, including hypertension, proteinuria, placental abnormalities and small foetal size, appeared in pregnant rats after the administration of low-dose of CdCl2. Cadmium increased immunoglobulin production, mainly angiotensin II type 1-receptor-agonistic autoantibodies (AT1-AA), by increasing the expression of activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) in B cells. AID is critical for the maturation of antibody and autoantibody responses. In addition, angiotensin II type 1-receptor-agonistic autoantibody, which emerged recently as a potential pathogenic contributor to PE, was responsible for the deposition of complement component 5 (C5) in kidneys of pregnant rats via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) activation. C5a is a fragment of C5 that is released during C5 activation. Selectively interfering with C5a signalling by a complement C5a receptor-specific antagonist significantly attenuated hypertension and proteinuria in Cd-injected pregnant rats. Our results suggest that cadmium induces immune abnormalities that may be a key pathogenic contributor to preeclampsia and provide new insights into treatment strategies of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yinping Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Keke Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanjun Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhangye Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongtao Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xue Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinyu Jiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Duyun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Uchoa MF, Moser VA, Pike CJ. Interactions between inflammation, sex steroids, and Alzheimer's disease risk factors. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 43:60-82. [PMID: 27651175 PMCID: PMC5123957 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder for which there are no effective strategies to prevent or slow its progression. Because AD is multifactorial, recent research has focused on understanding interactions among the numerous risk factors and mechanisms underlying the disease. One mechanism through which several risk factors may be acting is inflammation. AD is characterized by chronic inflammation that is observed before clinical onset of dementia. Several genetic and environmental risk factors for AD increase inflammation, including apolipoprotein E4, obesity, and air pollution. Additionally, sex steroid hormones appear to contribute to AD risk, with age-related losses of estrogens in women and androgens in men associated with increased risk. Importantly, sex steroid hormones have anti-inflammatory actions and can interact with several other AD risk factors. This review examines the individual and interactive roles of inflammation and sex steroid hormones in AD, as well as their relationships with the AD risk factors apolipoprotein E4, obesity, and air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F Uchoa
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - V Alexandra Moser
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Factors Associated With Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies: A Case-Control Study of 396 Biopsies. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 26:345-350. [PMID: 27490761 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is associated with significant gastric mucosal inflammation. We aimed to determine the clinicopathologic features associated with HP in gastric biopsy. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred ninety-six gastric biopsies were evaluated including 165 HP-positive cases and 231 randomly selected HP-negative controls. HP was detected using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa, and immunohistochemistry staining. The univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to study the relationship of clinicopathologic characteristics and HP infection. Among the HP-positive cases, 131 cases were confirmed by H&E staining and 34 cases were confirmed by Giemsa or immunohistochemistry staining. Compared with chronic inactive gastritis, chronic active gastritis was more likely associated with having HP detected by H&E. Males were more likely to have HP gastritis than females (odds ratio: 1.72, P=0.01). The patients who had chronic active gastritis or chronic gastritis (moderate or severe) were more likely to have HP infection than patients with mild chronic gastritis (P<0.001). Conversely, patients who had intestinal metaplasia were less likely to have HP infection than patients without intestinal metaplasia (odds ratio: 0.22, P<0.001). However, concurrent atrophic gastritis was not related to HP infection (P=0.37). HP infection history was not associated with HP infection (P=0.74). CONCLUSIONS HP detection in gastric biopsies is associated with active inflammation, male sex, and the lack of intestinal metaplasia, but not atrophic gastritis or HP infection history. Routine ancillary staining may not be required for HP detection in all biopsy specimens. We do not recommend ancillary staining for mild chronic inactive gastritis.
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Kipp M, Hochstrasser T, Schmitz C, Beyer C. Female sex steroids and glia cells: Impact on multiple sclerosis lesion formation and fine tuning of the local neurodegenerative cellular network. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 67:125-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hormonal Contraceptive Effects on the Vaginal Milieu: Microbiota and Immunity. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-016-0142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jochmanová I, Lazúrová Z, Rudnay M, Bačová I, Mareková M, Lazúrová I. Environmental estrogen bisphenol A and autoimmunity. Lupus 2015; 24:392-9. [PMID: 25801882 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314560205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been evidence of the increasing prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases consist of many complex disorders of unknown etiology resulting in immune responses to self-antigens. The immune system, and its function, is under complex and integrated control and its disruption can be triggered by multiple factors. Autoimmunity development is influenced by multiple factors and is thought to be a result of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Here, we review the role of a specific environmental factor, bisphenol A (BPA), in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. BPA belongs to the group of environmental estrogens that have been identified as risk factors involved in the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jochmanová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Z Lazúrová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Rudnay
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - I Bačová
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry and LABMED, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - I Lazúrová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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Stervbo U, Meier S, Mälzer JN, Baron U, Bozzetti C, Jürchott K, Nienen M, Olek S, Rachwalik D, Schulz AR, Waldner JM, Neumann A, Babel N, Grützkau A, Thiel A. Effects of aging on human leukocytes (part I): immunophenotyping of innate immune cells. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:92. [PMID: 26324155 PMCID: PMC5005831 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a hallmark of the aging immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections in the aged population and decreased ability to eradicate infectious pathogens. These effects, in turn, result in an increased burden on the healthcare system due to elevated frequency and duration of hospital visits. Growing evidence suggests that cells of the innate immune system are central modulators for the initiation and maintenance of an adequate pathogen-specific response through the adaptive immune system. While there are many reports on age-dependent alterations and dysfunctions of the adaptive immune system, the underlying mechanisms and effects of natural aging on the composition of the innate immune system remain unknown. Here, we present the results obtained from the comprehensive immunophenotyping of innate leukocyte populations, examined for age-related alterations within different sub-populations assessed using multi-parametric flow cytometry. We compared peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 24 young (aged 19-30 years) and 26 elderly (aged 53-67 years) donors. For classical CD16(+)CD56(dim) NK cells, the fraction of CD62L(+)CD57(+) was diminished in the elderly donors compared with young individuals, while the other investigated NK subsets remained unaffected by age. Both transitional monocytes and non-classical CD14(+-)CD16(++) monocytes were increased in the elderly compared with the young. The populations of pDCs and mDC2 were decreased among the elderly. These data demonstrate that the dynamics of the mDC subsets might counteract decreased virus surveillance. Furthermore, these data show that the maturation of NK cells might gradually slow down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Stervbo
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum – a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Sarah Meier
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Nora Mälzer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Baron
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Bozzetti
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikalai Nienen
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Sven Olek
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominika Rachwalik
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Marcel Waldner
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Avidan Neumann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Andreas Grützkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum – a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Andersson A, Bernardi AI, Stubelius A, Nurkkala-Karlsson M, Ohlsson C, Carlsten H, Islander U. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators lasofoxifene and bazedoxifene inhibit joint inflammation and osteoporosis in ovariectomised mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 55:553-63. [PMID: 26424839 PMCID: PMC4746431 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RA predominantly affects post-menopausal women and is strongly associated with development of generalised osteoporosis. To find treatments that target both joint manifestations and osteoporosis in RA is desirable. The third generation of selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) [lasofoxifene (LAS) and bazedoxifene (BZA)] are new treatment options for post-menopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LAS and BZA on arthritic disease and inflammation-associated bone loss using CIA in mice. METHODS Female DBA/1 mice were ovariectomised and subjected to CIA as a model of post-menopausal RA. Mice received treatment with LAS, BZA, 17β-estradiol (E2) as reference or vehicle. Arthritis development was assessed and BMD was determined by peripheral quantitative CT of the femurs. Serologic markers of inflammation and cartilage destruction were analysed. Immune cells in lymph nodes were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS LAS and BZA reduced the clinical severity of arthritis as well as the grade of histologic synovitis and erosions on cartilage and bone. Moreover, SERMs protected against generalised bone loss in CIA by increasing trabecular BMD. Both SERMs decreased serum marker of cartilage destruction and LAS reduced serum IL-6 levels. SERMs did not alter Th17 cells in lymph nodes as E2 did. CONCLUSION The anti-osteoporotic drugs LAS and BZA were found to be potent inhibitors of joint inflammation and bone destruction in experimental arthritis. This study provides new important knowledge regarding the treatment regimen of post-menopausal women with RA who suffer from increased risk for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Andersson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research and
| | - Angelina I Bernardi
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research and
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research and
| | - Merja Nurkkala-Karlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research and
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research and
| | - Ulrika Islander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research and
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Slowik A, Beyer C. Inflammasomes are neuroprotective targets for sex steroids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 153:135-43. [PMID: 25747343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system is triggered by toxic stimuli or degenerative events, orchestrates the interplay of brain-intrinsic immune cells and neighboring neural cells, and sequentially allows leukocyte extravasation from the periphery into the brain parenchyma. During the inflammatory cascade, immune-competent cells become activated and secrete a plethora of cytokines and chemokines which form a local inflammatory signaling network important for warding off harmful stimuli to the host but are likewise necessary to preserve damaged brain tissue. Inflammatory responses are initiated by extra- and intra-cellular pathogen and danger-associated receptors. These signals are processed by multi-protein complexes termed inflammasomes which trigger the production of biologically active interleukins-1 and 18 after the cleavage of caspase-1. Estrogens and progesterone are neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in diverse disease models of the brain in particular under acute inflammatory conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. Both steroids are able to attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine activity. Recent literature and our own studies provide convincing evidence that the anti-inflammatory potency of these steroids result from a complex interaction with the inflammasome activation and their up-stream regulatory network of miRNAs in brain-intrinsic innate immune cells. This article examines steroid-inflammasome interactions in the brain during brain injury and illuminates the importance of regulation initial upstream events during neuroinflammation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid Perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Dong G, You M, Fan H, Ji J, Ding L, Li P, Hou Y. 17β-estradiol contributes to the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in blood by promoting TNF-α secretion. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:620-9. [PMID: 26071573 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are strongly implicated in gender differences in immune responses by influencing the development and activation of immune cells. Recent studies have shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), derived from CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells under pathological conditions, play vital roles in modulating immune responses. However, it is still unknown the effects of estrogens on MDSCs. In the present study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of estrogens on regulating the accumulation of MDSCs. It was found that, compared with male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), female patients with SLE showed a higher frequency of MDSCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a higher level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum. Notably, estradiol level in the serum of female patients with SLE was positively correlated with the frequency of MDSCs. Moreover, 17β-estradiol could promote TNF-α-induced accumulation of MDSCs in vivo by increasing the fundamental frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells. Furthermore, 17β-estradiol promoted the secretion of TNF-α in vivo, which contributed to the increase of the frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells. In addition, it was also found that female mice showed a higher frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells and a higher TNF-α level in blood than the age-matched male mice. These data indicate that 17β-estradiol contributes to the accumulation of MDSCs in blood by promoting TNF-α secretion, which increases the fundamental frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells. Our findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of gender difference in the prevalence of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongye Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
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Dong G, Fan H, Yang Y, Zhao G, You M, Wang T, Hou Y. 17β-Estradiol enhances the activation of IFN-α signaling in B cells by down-regulating the expression of let-7e-5p, miR-98-5p and miR-145a-5p that target IKKε. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1852:1585-98. [PMID: 25912736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The activation of IFN-α signaling in B cells contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Many studies suggest that estrogens are closely related to the gender difference in the prevalence of SLE. However, the underlying mechanism of the interaction between estrogens and the activation of IFN-α signaling in SLE B cells remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we first found that healthy female mice showed an up-regulated type I IFN-induced gene signature in B cells compared with age-matched male mice, and an in vivo study revealed that the gender difference was related to 17β-estradiol. Moreover, we found that 17β-estradiol could enhance the activation of IFN-α signaling in an ERα-dependent manner by down-regulating the expression of three microRNAs, including let-7e-5p, miR-98-5p and miR-145a-5p. These microRNAs could target the 3'UTR of the IKKε-encoding gene IKBKE directly and regulate the expression of IKKε, which can promote the activation of IFN-α signaling. In addition, compared with age-matched male mice, female mice showed a higher level of IKKε and lower levels of let-7e-5p, miR-98-5p and miR-145a-5p in B cells. Moreover, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women showed a higher level of IKKε and lower levels of let-7e-5p, miR-98-5p and miR-145a-5p compared with those from age-matched men. These data suggest that 17β-estradiol amplifies the activation of IFN-α signaling in B cells via IKKε by down-regulating the expression of let-7e-5p, miR-98-5p and miR-145a-5p. Our findings may provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanism underlying the gender difference in the prevalence of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongye Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ming You
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China.
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D'Amico F, Skarmoutsou E, Mazzarino MC. The sex bias in systemic sclerosis: on the possible mechanisms underlying the female disease preponderance. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 47:334-43. [PMID: 24126759 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease. Genetic and environmental factors are known to interplay in the onset and progression of systemic sclerosis. Sex plays an important and determinant role in the development of such a disorder. Systemic sclerosis shows a significant female preponderance. However, the reason for this female preponderance is incompletely understood. Hormonal status, genetic and epigenetic differences, and lifestyle have been considered in order to explain female preponderance in systemic sclerosis. Sex chromosomes play a determinant role in contributing to systemic sclerosis onset and progression, as well as in its sex-biased prevalence. It is known, in fact, that X chromosome contains many sex- and immuno-related genes, thus contributing to immuno tolerance and sex hormone status. This review focuses mainly on the recent progress on epigenetic mechanisms--exclusively linked to the X chromosome--which would contribute to the development of systemic sclerosis. Furthermore, we report also some hypotheses (dealing with skewed X chromosome inactivation, X gene reactivation, acquired monosomy) that have been proposed in order to justify the female preponderance in autoimmune diseases. However, despite the intensive efforts in elucidating the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis, many questions remain still unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D'Amico
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 83, 95124, Catania, Italy,
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