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Roeder F, Knudsen L, Schmiedl A. The expression of the surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-B during postnatal alveolarization of the rat lung. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297889. [PMID: 38483982 PMCID: PMC10939297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surfactant-specific proteins (SP) are responsible for the functional and structural integrity as well as for the stabilization of the intra-alveolar surfactant. Morphological lung maturation starts in rat lungs after birth. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression of the hydrophilic SP-A and the hydrophobic SP-B is associated with characteristic postnatal changes characterizing morphological lung maturation. METHODS Stereological methods were performed on the light microscope. Using immunohistochemical and molecular biological methods (Western Blot, RT-qPCR), the SP-A and SP-B of adult rat lungs and of those with different postnatal developmental stages (3, 7, 14 and 21 days after birth) were characterized. RESULTS As signs of alveolarization the total septal surface and volume increased and the septal thickness decreased. The significantly highest relative surface fraction of SP-A labeled alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEII) was found together with the highest relative SP-A gene expression before the alveolarization (3th postnatal day). With the downregulation of SP-A gene expression during and after alveolarization (between postnatal days 7 and 14), the surface fraction of the SP-A labeled AEII also decreased, so they are lowest in adult animals. The surface fraction of SP-B labeled AEII and the SP-B gene expression showed the significantly highest levels in adults, the protein expression increased also significantly at the end of morphological lung maturation. There were no alterations in the SP-B expression before and during alveolarization until postnatal day 14. The protein expression as well as the gene expression of SP-A and SP-B correlated very well with the total surface of alveolar septa independent of the postnatal age. CONCLUSION The expression of SP-A and SP-B is differentially associated with morphological lung maturation and correlates with increased septation of alveoli as indirect clue for alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roeder
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical Hannover School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical Hannover School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmiedl
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical Hannover School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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2
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Ye T, Tao WY, Chen XY, Jiang C, Di B, Xu LL. Mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the development of peptide inhibitors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:1-13. [PMID: 37821254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors (NLRs) family, plays an important role in the innate immune response against pathogen invasions. NLRP3 inflammasome consisting of NLRP3 protein, the adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC), and the effector protein pro-caspase-1, is central to this process. Upon activation, NLRP3 inflammasome initiates the release of inflammatory cytokines and triggers a form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Dysregulation or inappropriate activation of NLRP3 has been implicated in various human diseases, including type 2 diabetes, colitis, depression, and gout. Consequently, understanding the mechanism underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation is critical for the development of therapeutic drugs. In the pursuit of potential therapeutic agents, peptides present several advantages over small molecules. They offer higher selectivity, increased potency, reduced toxicity, and fewer off-target effects. The advancements in molecular biology have expanded the opportunities for applying peptides in medicine, unlocking their vast medical potential. This review begins by providing a comprehensive summary of recent research progress regarding the mechanisms governing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Subsequently, we offer an overview of current peptide inhibitors capable of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei-Yan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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3
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Zamfir AS, Zabara ML, Arcana RI, Cernomaz TA, Zabara-Antal A, Marcu MTD, Trofor A, Zamfir CL, Crișan-Dabija R. Exploring the Role of Biomarkers Associated with Alveolar Damage and Dysfunction in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1607. [PMID: 38003922 PMCID: PMC10672103 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most aggressive forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), marked by an ongoing, chronic fibrotic process within the lung tissue. IPF leads to an irreversible deterioration of lung function, ultimately resulting in an increased mortality rate. Therefore, the focus has shifted towards the biomarkers that might contribute to the early diagnosis, risk assessment, prognosis, and tracking of the treatment progress, including those associated with epithelial injury. METHODS We conducted this review through a systematic search of the relevant literature using established databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selected articles were assessed, with data extracted and synthesized to provide an overview of the current understanding of the existing biomarkers for IPF. RESULTS Signs of epithelial cell damage hold promise as relevant biomarkers for IPF, consequently offering valuable support in its clinical care. Their global and standardized utilization remains limited due to a lack of comprehensive information of their implications in IPF. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing the aggressive nature of IPF among interstitial lung diseases and its profound impact on lung function and mortality, the exploration of biomarkers becomes pivotal for early diagnosis, risk assessment, prognostic evaluation, and therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Simona Zamfir
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Lucian Zabara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinic of Surgery (II), St. Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Arcana
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Doctoral School of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Tudor Andrei Cernomaz
- Department of Medical Sciences III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Zabara-Antal
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Doctoral School of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Traian Dragoș Marcu
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Antigona Trofor
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Crișan-Dabija
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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El Haddad L, Lai E, Murthy PKL, Biswas DD, Soufny R, Roger AL, Tata PR, ElMallah MK. GAA deficiency disrupts distal airway cells in Pompe disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L288-L298. [PMID: 37366541 PMCID: PMC10625827 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00032.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive glycogen storage disease caused by mutations in the gene that encodes acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA)-an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing lysosomal glycogen. GAA deficiency results in systemic lysosomal glycogen accumulation and cellular disruption. Glycogen accumulation in skeletal muscles, motor neurons, and airway smooth muscle cells is known to contribute to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease. However, the impact of GAA deficiency on the distal alveolar type 1 and type 2 cells (AT1 and AT2) has not been evaluated. AT1 cells rely on lysosomes for cellular homeostasis so that they can maintain a thin barrier for gas exchange, whereas AT2 cells depend on lysosome-like structures (lamellar bodies) for surfactant production. Using a mouse model of Pompe disease, the Gaa-/- mouse, we investigated the consequences of GAA deficiency on AT1 and AT2 cells using histology, pulmonary function and mechanics, and transcriptional analysis. Histological analysis revealed increased accumulation of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) in the Gaa-/- mice lungs. Furthermore, ultrastructural examination showed extensive intracytoplasmic vacuoles enlargement and lamellar body engorgement. Respiratory dysfunction was confirmed using whole body plethysmography and forced oscillometry. Finally, transcriptomic analysis demonstrated dysregulation of surfactant proteins in AT2 cells, specifically reduced levels of surfactant protein D in the Gaa-/- mice. We conclude that GAA enzyme deficiency leads to glycogen accumulation in the distal airway cells that disrupts surfactant homeostasis and contributes to respiratory impairments in Pompe disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research highlights the impact of Pompe disease on distal airway cells. Prior to this work, respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease was classically attributed to pathology in respiratory muscles and motor neurons. Using the Pompe mouse model, we note significant pathology in alveolar type 1 and 2 cells with reductions in surfactant protein D and disrupted surfactant homeostasis. These novel findings highlight the potential contributions of alveolar pathology to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa El Haddad
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Elias Lai
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Debolina D Biswas
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Rania Soufny
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Angela L Roger
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Mai K ElMallah
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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5
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Wang S, Zhang J, Zhou H, Lu YC, Jin X, Luo L, You J. The role of protein corona on nanodrugs for organ-targeting and its prospects of application. J Control Release 2023; 360:15-43. [PMID: 37328008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanodrugs become a hotspot in the high-end medical field. They have the ability to deliver drugs to reach their destination more effectively due to their unique properties and flexible functionalization. However, the fate of nanodrugs in vivo is not the same as those presented in vitro, which indeed influenced their therapeutic efficacy in vivo. When entering the biological organism, nanodrugs will first come into contact with biological fluids and then be covered by some biomacromolecules, especially proteins. The proteins adsorbed on the surface of nanodrugs are known as protein corona (PC), which causes the loss of prospective organ-targeting abilities. Fortunately, the reasonable utilization of PC may determine the organ-targeting efficiency of systemically administered nanodrugs based on the diverse expression of receptors on cells in different organs. In addition, the nanodrugs for local administration targeting diverse lesion sites will also form unique PC, which plays an important role in the therapeutic effect of nanodrugs. This article introduced the formation of PC on the surface of nanodrugs and summarized the recent studies about the roles of diversified proteins adsorbed on nanodrugs and relevant protein for organ-targeting receptor through different administration pathways, which may deepen our understanding of the role that PC played on organ-targeting and improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanodrugs to promote their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Huanli Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yi Chao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xizhi Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
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6
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MacDonald DM, Samorodnitsky S, Wendt CH, Baker JV, Collins G, Kruk M, Lock EF, Paredes R, Poongulali S, Weise DO, Winston A, Wood R, Kunisaki KM. Pneumoproteins and biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation do not predict rapid lung function decline in people living with HIV. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4749. [PMID: 36959289 PMCID: PMC10036615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide and HIV is an independent risk factor for the development of COPD. However, the etiology of this increased risk and means to identify persons with HIV (PWH) at highest risk for COPD have remained elusive. Biomarkers may reveal etiologic pathways and allow better COPD risk stratification. We performed a matched case:control study of PWH in the Strategic Timing of Antiretoviral Treatment (START) pulmonary substudy. Cases had rapid lung function decline (> 40 mL/year FEV1 decline) and controls had stable lung function (+ 20 to - 20 mL/year). The analysis was performed in two distinct groups: (1) those who were virally suppressed for at least 6 months and (2) those with untreated HIV (from the START deferred treatment arm). We used linear mixed effects models to test the relationship between case:control status and blood concentrations of pneumoproteins (surfactant protein-D and club cell secretory protein), and biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6 and hsCRP) and coagulation (d-dimer and fibrinogen); concentrations were measured within ± 6 months of first included spirometry. We included an interaction with treatment group (untreated HIV vs viral suppression) to test if associations varied by treatment group. This analysis included 77 matched case:control pairs in the virally suppressed batch, and 42 matched case:control pairs in the untreated HIV batch (n = 238 total) who were followed for a median of 3 years. Median (IQR) CD4 + count was lowest in the controls with untreated HIV at 674 (580, 838). We found no significant associations between case:control status and pneumoprotein or biomarker concentrations in either virally suppressed or untreated PWH. In this cohort of relatively young, recently diagnosed PWH, concentrations of pneumoproteins and biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation were not associated with subsequent rapid lung function decline.Trial registration: NCT00867048 and NCT01797367.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M MacDonald
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Apnea (111N), One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | | | - Chris H Wendt
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Apnea (111N), One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jason V Baker
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Selvamuthu Poongulali
- Chennai Antiviral Research and Treatment Centre Clinical Research Site, CART-CRS-Infectious Diseases Medical Centre, VHS Chennai, Chennai, India
| | | | - Alan Winston
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robin Wood
- Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ken M Kunisaki
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Apnea (111N), One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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7
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The Tobacco Smoke Component, Acrolein, as a Major Culprit in Lung Diseases and Respiratory Cancers: Molecular Mechanisms of Acrolein Cytotoxic Activity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060879. [PMID: 36980220 PMCID: PMC10047238 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that seriously threatens human health and life. Due to its high reactivity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, acrolein is involved in the development of several diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus and even the development of cancer. Traditional tobacco smokers and e-cigarette users are particularly exposed to the harmful effects of acrolein. High concentrations of acrolein have been found in both mainstream and side-stream tobacco smoke. Acrolein is considered one of cigarette smoke’s most toxic and harmful components. Chronic exposure to acrolein through cigarette smoke has been linked to the development of asthma, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and even respiratory cancers. This review addresses the current state of knowledge on the pathological molecular mechanisms of acrolein in the induction, course and development of lung diseases and cancers in smokers.
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8
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Akamatsu Y, Akagi T, Sumitomo T, Takahara Y, Akiyama S, Kawabata S, Akashi M. Construction of Human Three-Dimensional Lung Model Using Layer-by-Layer Method. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:95-102. [PMID: 36721369 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is one of the frontline barriers for biological defense. Lung epithelial intercellular adhesions provide protection from bacterial and viral infections and prevent invasion into deep tissues by pathogens. Dysfunction of lung epithelial intercellular adhesion caused by pathogens is associated with development of several diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, and asthma. To elucidate the pathological mechanism of respiratory infections, two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models are commonly used, although are not useful for evaluating host specificity or human biological response. With the rapid progression and worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, there is increasing interest in the development of a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro lung model for analyzing interactions between pathogens and hosts. However, some models possess unclear epithelial polarity or insufficient barrier functions and need the use of complex technologies, have high cost, and long cultivation terms. We previously reported about the fabrication of 3D cellular multilayers using a layer-by-layer (LbL) cell coating technique with extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin (FN), and gelatin (G). In the present study, such a LbL cell coating technique was utilized to construct a human 3D lung model in which a monolayer of the human lower airway epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line Calu-3 cells was placed on 3D-cellular multilayers composed of FN-G-coated human primary pulmonary fibroblast cells. The 3D lung model thus constructed demonstrated an epithelial-fibroblast layer that maintained uniform thickness until 7 days of incubation. Moreover, expressions of E-cadherin, ZO-1, and mucin in the epithelial layer were observed by immunohistochemical staining. Epithelial barrier integrity was evaluated using transepithelial electrical resistance values. The results indicate that the present constructed human 3D lung model is similar to human lung tissues and also features epithelial polarity and a barrier function, thus is considered useful for evaluating infection and pathological mechanisms related to pneumonia and several pathogens. Impact statement A novel in vitro model of lung tissue was established. Using a layer-by-layer cell coating technique, a three-dimensional cultured lung model was constructed. The present novel model was shown to have epithelial polarity and chemical barrier functions. This model may be useful for investigating interaction pathogens and human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Akamatsu
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takami Akagi
- Building Block Science Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahara
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akiyama
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Building Block Science Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Subedi R, Rokade S, Surve S, Patil A, Kulkarni V, Gajbhiye RK, Madan T. Dysregulated serum and seminal plasma levels of surfactant protein D and MCP-1 in men with genital tract infection/inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13588. [PMID: 35771685 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a multimeric collectin expressed by testicular mucosal epithelia and is positively regulated by testosterone. It exerts antimicrobial effects, modulates inflammation and rescued spermatogenesis in a murine model. Various cytokines and chemokines, including MCP-1, play a key role in regulating the inflammation in rat and human testis. The study aimed to investigate the role of SP-D and involvement of chemokines and cytokines in the male infertility associated with urogenital infections or inflammation. METHOD OF STUDY The cross-sectional study evaluated levels of SP-D, testosterone, estradiol and the cytokines/chemokines including MCP-1 in the serum and semen samples of fertile and infertile Indian men with and without urogenital infections/inflammation (n = 76). RESULTS Both fertile and infertile males with urogenital infection/inflammation had significantly lower levels of SP-D and higher levels of the chemokine, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the serum and seminal plasma. Seminal plasma of these males exhibited significantly higher proportion of proteolytically degraded forms of SP-D. The serum SP-D levels positively correlated with testosterone/estradiol (TE) ratio. There was no significant correlation between the SP-D levels in seminal plasma and sperm count/motility. With a significant area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, the serum and seminal plasma SP-D levels exhibited significant potential to predict infertility with high sensitivity and specificity in men with genital infections/inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The circulating and seminal plasma SP-D levels were decreased in men with urogenital infection and inflammation. This could be due to their engagement at the site of infection, dysregulated expression owing to the altered hormonal profile and increased proteolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambhadur Subedi
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushama Rokade
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Suchitra Surve
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Kulkarni
- Andrology Clinic, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul K Gajbhiye
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India.,Andrology Clinic, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
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10
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Özarslan TO, Sırmatel F, Karabörk ŞÖ, Düzcü SE, Astarcı HM. Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia increases surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B, and SP-D levels, while decreasing SP-C level in bronchoalveolar lavage in rats. Microbes Infect 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Impact of Surfactant Protein-A on Immunomodulatory Properties of Murine and Human Breast Milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:97-103. [PMID: 35442233 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human milk reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Prior studies have demonstrated that exogenous surfactant protein-A (SP-A) modulates intestinal inflammation, reduces NEC-like pathology in SP-A-deficient (SPAKO) pups, and may contribute to breast milk's immunomodulatory potential. We hypothesize that SP-A is present in milk and impacts inflammatory responses in the terminal ileum of neonatal mice. METHODS Human milk was collected at postpartum days 1-3 and 28. Mouse milk was collected at postpartum days 1-10. SP-A was detected in milk through immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis. The impact of murine wild-type (WT) milk on SPAKO pup ileum was evaluated in a model of intestinal inflammation via cross-rearing experiments. Terminal ileum was evaluated for inflammatory cytokine and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression via quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS SP-A was detected in human milk and wild type (WT) mouse milk, but not in SPAKO mouse milk. Expression of TLR4, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was decreased in SPAKO pups reared with WT dams compared to SPAKO pups reared with SPAKO dams, with a peak effect at day of life 14. When inflammation was induced using a lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation, expression of TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, and TNF-α was significantly lower in SPAKO pups reared with WT dams compared to SPAKO pups reared with SPAKO dams. CONCLUSIONS SP-A is present in human and murine milk and plays a role in lowering inflammation in murine pup terminal ileum. Both baseline inflammation and induced inflammatory responses are reduced via exposure to SP-A in milk with the effect amplified in inflammatory conditions.
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Chowdhury AA, Godbole NM, Chataut N, Kosanke S, Rodgers K, Awasthi S. Effects of SPA4 peptide on lipopolysaccharide-disrupted lung epithelial barrier, injury, and function in a human cell system and mouse model of lung injury. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15353. [PMID: 35838161 PMCID: PMC9284632 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted epithelial barrier, fluid accumulation, inflammation, and compromised physiology are hallmarks of lung injury. Here we investigated the structural stability of the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-interacting SPA4 peptide, its effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-disrupted epithelial barrier in a human cell system, and lung injury markers in a mouse model of LPS-induced lung inflammation. The structural properties of SPA4 peptide were investigated using circular dichroism and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), an indicator of barrier function, was measured after the cells were challenged with 1 μg/ml LPS and treated with 10 or 100 μM SPA4 peptide. The expression and localization of tight junction proteins were studied by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Mice were intratracheally challenged with 5 μg LPS per g body weight and treated with 50 μg SPA4 peptide. The lung wet/dry weight ratios or edema, surfactant protein-D (SP-D) levels in serum, lung function, tissue injury, body weights, and temperature, and survival were determined as study parameters. The spectroscopy results demonstrated that the structure was maintained among different batches of SPA4 peptide throughout the study. Treatment with 100 μM SPA4 peptide restored the LPS-disrupted epithelial barrier, which correlated with the localization pattern of Zonula Occludens (ZO)-1 and occludin proteins. Correspondingly, SPA4 peptide treatment helped suppress the lung edema and levels of serum SP-D, improved some of the lung function parameters, and reduced the mortality risk against LPS challenge. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of the SPA4 peptide facilitates the resolution of lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Alam Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Nachiket M. Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Neha Chataut
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Stanley Kosanke
- Division of Comparative MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Karla Rodgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
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13
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Hou X, Zhang X, Zhang Z. Role of surfactant protein-D in ocular bacterial infection. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:3611-3623. [PMID: 35639299 PMCID: PMC9151998 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Our review explains the role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in different kinds of bacterial infection based on its presence in different ocular surface tissues. We discuss the potential role of SP-D against invasion by pathogens, with the aim of identifying new prospects for the possible mechanism of SP-D-mediated immune processes, and the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of ocular bacterial infection. Methods We reviewed articles about the role of SP-D in various ocular bacterial infections or infection-related ocular diseases through PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science databases. Results SP-D acts as an important immune factor that can resemble molecules in different polymerization states and that defends against pathogen invasion. The increased SP-D production and secretion in tear fluid and the cornea after ocular bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, and infection-related ocular diseases, was shown to have potential anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms of SP-D’s action against ocular bacterial infections include presenting, aggregating, opsonizing, and phagocytizing antigens, as well as regulating anti-bacterial immunity processes, including toll-like receptor-5 (TLR-5) pathway and IL-8 effect, TLR-4 and TLR-2 pathways and other possible ways remained to be elucidated in more detail. The findings demonstrate the potential of SP-D as an important clinical diagnostic biomarker prognosis predictor, and target for ocular immunotherapy. Conclusion SP-D participates in invasion by different ocular bacteria and infection-related ocular diseases through multiple immune mechanisms. This finding provides new prospects for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ocular bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Hou
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Creasy CA, Meng YJ, Forget MA, Karpinets T, Tomczak K, Stewart C, Torres-Cabala CA, Pilon-Thomas S, Sarnaik AA, Mulé JJ, Garraway L, Bustos M, Zhang J, Patel SP, Diab A, Glitza IC, Yee C, Tawbi H, Wong MK, McQuade J, Hoon DSB, Davies MA, Hwu P, Amaria RN, Haymaker C, Beroukhim R, Bernatchez C. Genomic Correlates of Outcome in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1911-1924. [PMID: 35190823 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) historically yields a 40%-50% response rate in metastatic melanoma. However, the determinants of outcome are largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated tumor-based genomic correlates of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and response to therapy by interrogating tumor samples initially collected to generate TIL infusion products. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 64 samples indicated a positive correlation between neoantigen load and OS, but not PFS or response to therapy. RNA sequencing analysis of 34 samples showed that expression of PDE1C, RTKN2, and NGFR was enriched in responders who had improved PFS and OS. In contrast, the expression of ELFN1 was enriched in patients with unfavorable response, poor PFS and OS, whereas enhanced methylation of ELFN1 was observed in patients with favorable outcomes. Expression of ELFN1, NGFR, and PDE1C was mainly found in cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells in tumor tissues across different cancer types in publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, suggesting a role for elements of the tumor microenvironment in defining the outcome of TIL therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that transcriptional features of melanomas correlate with outcomes after TIL therapy and may provide candidates to guide patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Yuzhong Jeff Meng
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Tatiana Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Katarzyna Tomczak
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amod A Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - James J Mulé
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Levi Garraway
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matias Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Isabella C Glitza
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Michael K Wong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, Texas
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15
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Becchetti L, Conzo G, Conzo P, Salustri F. Understanding the heterogeneity of COVID-19 deaths and contagions: The role of air pollution and lockdown decisions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114316. [PMID: 34998067 PMCID: PMC8714297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The uneven geographical distribution of the novel coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) in Italy is a puzzle given the intense flow of movements among the different geographical areas before lockdown decisions. To shed light on it, we test the effect of the quality of air (as measured by particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide) and lockdown restrictions on daily adverse COVID-19 outcomes during the first pandemic wave in the country. We find that air pollution is positively correlated with adverse outcomes of the pandemic, with lockdown being strongly significant and more effective in reducing deceases in more polluted areas. Results are robust to different methods including cross-section, pooled and fixed-effect panel regressions (controlling for spatial correlation), instrumental variable regressions, and difference-in-differences estimates of lockdown decisions through predicted counterfactual trends. They are consistent with the consolidated body of literature in previous medical studies suggesting that poor quality of air creates chronic exposure to adverse outcomes from respiratory diseases. The estimated correlation does not change when accounting for other factors such as temperature, commuting flows, quality of regional health systems, share of public transport users, population density, the presence of Chinese community, and proxies for industry breakdown such as the share of small (artisan) firms. Our findings provide suggestions for investigating uneven geographical distribution patterns in other countries, and have implications for environmental and lockdown policies.
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16
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MacDonald DM, Collins G, Wendt CH, Wolfson J, Tracy RP, Rhame F, Deeks S, Rizza SA, Temesgen Z, Morse C, Liappis AP, Sereti I, Baker JV, Kunisaki KM. Short Communication: A Pilot Study of the Effects of Losartan Versus Placebo on Pneumoproteins in HIV: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Double Blind Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:127-130. [PMID: 33749317 PMCID: PMC8861910 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV is an independent risk factor for lung disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema. Angiotensin receptor blockers may be beneficial in COPD and emphysema through pathways that have been implicated in HIV-related lung disease. We performed a randomized comparison of the effects of losartan versus placebo on the plasma concentrations of the pneumoproteins, surfactant protein D (SPD) and club cell secretory protein (CCSP), in people living with HIV (PLWH). A total of 108 PLWH were included (52 assigned to losartan and 56 assigned to placebo). We found no difference in the change from baseline in log2 concentrations of CCSP or SPD over 1 year of follow-up. For SPD, we found a strong interaction by CD4+ counts, where those with CD4+ counts >350 cells/mm3 treated with losartan had more reduction (improvement) in SPD concentration than those treated with placebo (p value for interaction <.001). In conclusion, we did not find a beneficial effect of losartan on pneumoprotein concentrations in PLWH, but PLWH with higher CD4+ counts may have improvement in SPD when treated with losartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. MacDonald
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Pulmonary Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gary Collins
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chris H. Wendt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Pulmonary Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julian Wolfson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Frank Rhame
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Abbott Northwestern Infectious Disease Clinic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stacey A. Rizza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zelalem Temesgen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caryn Morse
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angelike P. Liappis
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Section of Infectious Diseases and The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Irini Sereti
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason V. Baker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ken M. Kunisaki
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Pulmonary Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Address correspondence to: Ken M. Kunisaki, Pulmonary Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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17
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Chakrabarti A, Nguyen A, Newhams MM, Ohlson MB, Yang X, Ulufatu S, Liu S, Park S, Xu M, Jiang J, Halpern WG, Anania VG, McBride JM, Rosenberger CM, Randolph AG. Surfactant protein D is a biomarker of influenza-related pediatric lung injury. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:519-528. [PMID: 34842360 PMCID: PMC8792225 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers that can risk-stratify children with influenza virus lower respiratory infection may identify patients for targeted intervention. Early elevation of alveolar-related proteins in the bloodstream in these patients could indicate more severe lung damage portending worse outcomes. METHODS We used a mouse model of human influenza infection and evaluated relationships between lung pathophysiology and surfactant protein D (SP-D), SP-A, and Club cell protein 16 (CC16). We then measured SP-A, SP-D, and CC16 levels in plasma samples from 94 children with influenza-associated acute respiratory failure (PICFLU cohort), excluding children with underlying conditions explaining disease severity. We tested for associations between levels of circulating proteins and disease severity including the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mechanical ventilator, intensive care unit and hospital days, and hospital mortality. RESULTS Circulating SP-D showed a greater increase than SP-A and CC16 in mice with increased alveolar-vascular permeability following influenza infection. In the PICFLU cohort, SP-D was associated with moderate-severe ARDS diagnosis (p = 0.01) and with mechanical ventilator (r = 0.45, p = 0.002), ICU (r = 0.44, p = 0.002), and hospital days (r = 0.37, p = 0.001) in influenza-infected children without bacterial coinfection. Levels of SP-D were lower in children with secondary bacterial pneumonia (p = 0.01) and not associated with outcomes. CC16 and SP-A levels did not differ with bacterial coinfection and were not consistently associated with severe outcomes. CONCLUSIONS SP-D has potential as an early circulating biomarker reflecting a degree of lung damage caused directly by influenza virus infection in children. Secondary bacterial pneumonia alters SP-D biomarker performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen Nguyen
- Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maikke B Ohlson
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sheila Ulufatu
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shannon Liu
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Summer Park
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jenny Jiang
- Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wendy G Halpern
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Veronica G Anania
- Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Cooney AL, Wambach JA, Sinn PL, McCray PB. Gene Therapy Potential for Genetic Disorders of Surfactant Dysfunction. Front Genome Ed 2022; 3:785829. [PMID: 35098209 PMCID: PMC8798122 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.785829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is critically important to prevent atelectasis by lowering the surface tension of the alveolar lining liquid. While respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is common in premature infants, severe RDS in term and late preterm infants suggests an underlying genetic etiology. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding key components of pulmonary surfactant including surfactant protein B (SP-B, SFTPB gene), surfactant protein C (SP-C, SFTPC gene), and the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3, ABCA3 gene) result in severe neonatal RDS or childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). These proteins play essential roles in pulmonary surfactant biogenesis and are expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2), the progenitor cell of the alveolar epithelium. SP-B deficiency most commonly presents in the neonatal period with severe RDS and requires lung transplantation for survival. SFTPC mutations act in an autosomal dominant fashion and more commonly presents with chILD or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than neonatal RDS. ABCA3 deficiency often presents as neonatal RDS or chILD. Gene therapy is a promising option to treat monogenic lung diseases. Successes and challenges in developing gene therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction include viral vector design and tropism for target cell types. In this review, we explore adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentiviral, and adenoviral (Ad)-based vectors as delivery vehicles. Both gene addition and gene editing strategies are compared to best design treatments for lung diseases resulting from pathogenic variants in the SFTPB, SFTPC, and ABCA3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashley L. Cooney,
| | - Jennifer A. Wambach
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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19
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Maehara T, Fujimori K. Inhibition of Prostaglandin F 2α Receptors Exaggerates HCl-Induced Lung Inflammation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312843. [PMID: 34884648 PMCID: PMC8657597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe respiratory disorders that are caused by aspiration, sepsis, trauma, and pneumonia. A clinical feature of ALI/ARDS is the acute onset of severe hypoxemia, and the mortality rate, which is estimated at 38-50%, remains high. Although prostaglandins (PGs) are detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with ALI/ARDS, the role of PGF2α in ALI remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the role of PGF2α/PGF2α receptor (FP) signaling in acid-induced ALI using an FP receptor antagonist, AL8810. Intratracheal injection of hydrochloric acid (HCl) increased neutrophil migration into the lungs, leading to respiratory dysfunction. Pre-administration of AL8810 further increased these features. Moreover, pre-treatment with AL8810 enhanced the HCl-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil migratory factors in the lungs. Administration of HCl decreased the gene expression of lung surfactant proteins, which was further reduced by co-administration of AL8810. Administration of AL8810 also increased lung edema and reduced mRNA expression of epithelial sodium channel in the lungs, indicating that AL8810 reduced fluid clearance. Furthermore, AL8810 also increased lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results indicate that inhibition of FP receptors by AL8810 exacerbated HCl-induced ALI.
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20
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Singh RB, Das S, Chodosh J, Sharma N, Zegans ME, Kowalski RP, Jhanji V. Paradox of complex diversity: Challenges in the diagnosis and management of bacterial keratitis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 88:101028. [PMID: 34813978 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis continues to be one of the leading causes of corneal blindness in the developed as well as the developing world, despite swift progress since the dawn of the "anti-biotic era". Although, we are expeditiously developing our understanding about the different causative organisms and associated pathology leading to keratitis, extensive gaps in knowledge continue to dampen the efforts for early and accurate diagnosis, and management in these patients, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. The ability of the causative bacteria to subdue the therapeutic challenge stems from their large genome encoding complex regulatory networks, variety of unique virulence factors, and rapid secretion of tissue damaging proteases and toxins. In this review article, we have provided an overview of the established classical diagnostic techniques and therapeutics for keratitis caused by various bacteria. We have extensively reported our recent in-roads through novel tools for accurate diagnosis of mono- and poly-bacterial corneal infections. Furthermore, we outlined the recent progress by our group and others in understanding the sub-cellular genomic changes that lead to antibiotic resistance in these organisms. Finally, we discussed in detail, the novel therapies and drug delivery systems in development for the efficacious management of bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bir Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sujata Das
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Michael E Zegans
- Department of Ophthalmology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Regis P Kowalski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Charles T Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Charles T Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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21
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Khan HA, Kishore U, Alsulami HM, Alrokayan SH. Pro-Apoptotic and Immunotherapeutic Effects of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Recombinant Human Surfactant Protein D on Leukemic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910445. [PMID: 34638783 PMCID: PMC8508673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are efficient drug delivery vehicles for targeting specific organs as well as systemic therapy for a range of diseases, including cancer. However, their interaction with the immune system offers an intriguing challenge. Due to the unique physico-chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as nanocarriers of considerable interest in cancer diagnosis and therapy. CNTs, as a promising nanomaterial, are capable of both detecting as well as delivering drugs or small therapeutic molecules to tumour cells. In this study, we coupled a recombinant fragment of human surfactant protein D (rfhSP-D) with carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) CNTs (CMC-CNT, 10-20 nm diameter) for augmenting their apoptotic and immunotherapeutic properties using two leukemic cell lines. The cell viability of AML14.3D10 or K562 cancer cell lines was reduced when cultured with CMC-mwCNT-coupled-rfhSP-D (CNT + rfhSP-D) at 24 h. Increased levels of caspase 3, 7 and cleaved caspase 9 in CNT + rfhSP-D treated AML14.3D10 and K562 cells suggested an involvement of an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. CNT + rfhSP-D treated leukemic cells also showed higher mRNA expression of p53 and cell cycle inhibitors (p21 and p27). This suggested a likely reduction in cdc2-cyclin B1, causing G2/M cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis in AML14.3D10 cells, while p53-independent mechanisms appeared to be in operation in K562 cells. We suggest that CNT + rfhSP-D has therapeutic potential in targeting leukemic cells, irrespective of their p53 status, and thus, it is worth setting up pre-clinical trials in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.H.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-11-4675859
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Hamed M. Alsulami
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.H.A.)
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22
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652252. [PMID: 34630377 PMCID: PMC8494786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host's immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host's innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
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23
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Evidence for biosurfactant-induced flow in corners and bacterial spreading in unsaturated porous media. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111060118. [PMID: 34531326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of pathogenic bacteria in unsaturated porous media, where air and liquid coexist in pore spaces, is the major cause of soil contamination by pathogens, soft rot in plants, food spoilage, and many pulmonary diseases. However, visualization and fundamental understanding of bacterial transport in unsaturated porous media are currently lacking, limiting the ability to address the above contamination- and disease-related issues. Here, we demonstrate a previously unreported mechanism by which bacterial cells are transported in unsaturated porous media. We discover that surfactant-producing bacteria can generate flows along corners through surfactant production that changes the wettability of the solid surface. The corner flow velocity is on the order of several millimeters per hour, which is the same order of magnitude as bacterial swarming, one of the fastest known modes of bacterial surface translocation. We successfully predict the critical corner angle for bacterial corner flow to occur based on the biosurfactant-induced change in the contact angle of the bacterial solution on the solid surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that bacteria can indeed spread by producing biosurfactants in a model soil, which consists of packed angular grains. In addition, we demonstrate that bacterial corner flow is controlled by quorum sensing, the cell-cell communication process that regulates biosurfactant production. Understanding this previously unappreciated bacterial transport mechanism will enable more accurate predictions of bacterial spreading in soil and other unsaturated porous media.
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24
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Das M, Das A, Sarkar R, Mandal P, Saha S, Ghosh S. Exploring short term spatio-temporal pattern of PM 2.5 and PM 10 and their relationship with meteorological parameters during COVID-19 in Delhi. URBAN CLIMATE 2021; 39:100944. [PMID: 34580626 PMCID: PMC8459164 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Present study aims to examine the impact of lockdown on spatio-temporal concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 - categorized and recorded based on its levels during pre-lockdown, lockdown and unlock phases while noting the relationship of these levels with meteorological parameters (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, rainfall, pressure, sun hour and cloud cover) in Delhi. To aid the study, a comparison was made with the last two years (2018 to 2019), covering the same periods of pre-lockdown, lockdown and unlock phases of 2020. Correlation analysis, linear regression (LR) was used to examine the impact of meteorological parameters on particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Delhi, India. The findings showed that (i) substantial decline of PM concentration in Delhi during lockdown period, (ii) there were substantial seasonal variation of particulate matter concentration in city and (iii) meteorological parameters have close associations with PM concentrations. The findings will help planners and policy makers to understand the impact of air pollutants and meteorological parameters on infectious disease and to adopt effective strategies for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manob Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Raju Sarkar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, India
| | - Papiya Mandal
- Delhi Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Saha
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Sasanka Ghosh
- Department of Geography, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
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25
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Logette E, Lorin C, Favreau C, Oshurko E, Coggan JS, Casalegno F, Sy MF, Monney C, Bertschy M, Delattre E, Fonta PA, Krepl J, Schmidt S, Keller D, Kerrien S, Scantamburlo E, Kaufmann AK, Markram H. A Machine-Generated View of the Role of Blood Glucose Levels in the Severity of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2021; 9:695139. [PMID: 34395368 PMCID: PMC8356061 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.695139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 started spreading toward the end of 2019 causing COVID-19, a disease that reached pandemic proportions among the human population within months. The reasons for the spectrum of differences in the severity of the disease across the population, and in particular why the disease affects more severely the aging population and those with specific preconditions are unclear. We developed machine learning models to mine 240,000 scientific articles openly accessible in the CORD-19 database, and constructed knowledge graphs to synthesize the extracted information and navigate the collective knowledge in an attempt to search for a potential common underlying reason for disease severity. The machine-driven framework we developed repeatedly pointed to elevated blood glucose as a key facilitator in the progression of COVID-19. Indeed, when we systematically retraced the steps of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, we found evidence linking elevated glucose to each major step of the life-cycle of the virus, progression of the disease, and presentation of symptoms. Specifically, elevations of glucose provide ideal conditions for the virus to evade and weaken the first level of the immune defense system in the lungs, gain access to deep alveolar cells, bind to the ACE2 receptor and enter the pulmonary cells, accelerate replication of the virus within cells increasing cell death and inducing an pulmonary inflammatory response, which overwhelms an already weakened innate immune system to trigger an avalanche of systemic infections, inflammation and cell damage, a cytokine storm and thrombotic events. We tested the feasibility of the hypothesis by manually reviewing the literature referenced by the machine-generated synthesis, reconstructing atomistically the virus at the surface of the pulmonary airways, and performing quantitative computational modeling of the effects of glucose levels on the infection process. We conclude that elevation in glucose levels can facilitate the progression of the disease through multiple mechanisms and can explain much of the differences in disease severity seen across the population. The study provides diagnostic considerations, new areas of research and potential treatments, and cautions on treatment strategies and critical care conditions that induce elevations in blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Logette
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Mishra R, Nawas AF, Mendelson CR. Role of NRF2 in immune modulator expression in developing lung. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21758. [PMID: 34245611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100129rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After birth, the alveolar epithelium is exposed to environmental pathogens and high O2 tensions. The alveolar type II cells may protect this epithelium through surfactant production. Surfactant protein, SP-A, an immune modulator, is developmentally upregulated in fetal lung with surfactant phospholipid synthesis. Herein, we observed that the redox-regulated transcription factor, NRF2, and co-regulated C/EBPβ and PPARγ, were markedly induced during cAMP-mediated differentiation of cultured human fetal lung (HFL) epithelial cells. This occurred with enhanced expression of immune modulators, SP-A, TDO2, AhR, and NQO1. Like SP-A, cAMP induction of NRF2 was prevented when cells were exposed to hypoxia. NRF2 knockdown inhibited induction of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and immune modulators. Binding of endogenous NRF2 to promoters of SP-A and other immune modulator genes increased during HFL cell differentiation. In mouse fetal lung (MFL), a developmental increase in Nrf2, SP-A, Tdo2, Ahr, and Nqo1 and decrease in Keap1 occurred from 14.5 to 18.5 dpc. Developmental induction of Nrf2 in MFL was associated with increased nuclear localization of NF-κB p65, a decline in p38 MAPK phosphorylation, increase in the MAPK phosphatase, DUSP1, induction of the histone acetylase, CBP, and decline in the histone deacetylase, HDAC4. Thus, together with surfactant production, type II cells protect the alveolar epithelium through increased expression of NRF2 and immune modulators to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress. Our findings further suggest that lung cancer cells have usurped this developmental pathway to promote immune tolerance and enhance survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Afshan Fathima Nawas
- Department of Biochemistry, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Med Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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27
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Viklund E, Bake B, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Koca Akdeva H, Larsson P, Olin AC. Current smoking alters phospholipid- and surfactant protein A levels in small airway lining fluid: An explorative study on exhaled breath. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253825. [PMID: 34170967 PMCID: PMC8232447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small airways are difficult to access. Exhaled droplets, also referred to as particles, provide a sample of small airway lining fluid and may reflect inflammatory responses. We aimed to explore the effect of smoking on the composition and number of exhaled particles in a smoker-enriched study population. We collected and chemically analyzed exhaled particles from 102 subjects (29 never smokers, 36 former smokers and 37 current smokers) aged 39 to 83 years (median 63). A breathing maneuver maximized the number exhaled particles, which were quantified with a particle counter. The contents of surfactant protein A and albumin in exhaled particles was quantified with immunoassays and the contents of the phospholipids dipalmitoyl- and palmitoyl-oleoyl- phosphatidylcholine with mass spectrometry. Subjects also performed spirometry and nitrogen single breath washout. Associations between smoking status and the distribution of contents in exhaled particles and particle number concentration were tested with quantile regression, after adjusting for potential confounders. Current smokers, compared to never smokers, had higher number exhaled particles and more surfactant protein A in the particles. The magnitude of the effects of current smoking varied along the distribution of each PEx-variable. Among subjects with normal lung function, phospholipid levels were elevated in current smokers, in comparison to no effect of smoking on these lipids at abnormal lung function. Smoking increased exhaled number of particles and the contents of lipids and surfactant protein A in the particles. These findings might reflect early inflammatory responses to smoking in small airway lining fluid, also when lung function is within normal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Viklund
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Björn Bake
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb
- Global Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hatice Koca Akdeva
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Wang Z, Xu M, Wang Y, Wang T, Wu N, Zheng W, Duan H. Air particulate matter pollution and circulating surfactant protein: A systemic review and meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129564. [PMID: 33476792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Air particulate matter (PM) pollution is associated with the alterations in circulating pulmonary damage proteins. But there are not consistent results among the epidemiological studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the alteration of surfactant protein (SP) from PM exposure. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis by searching the databases of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI before October 2020 which reported PM pollutants and surfactant protein in the population. The sources of heterogeneity were assessed by subgroup (smoking, particulate matter with different aerodynamic diameter, exposure duration) analysis. We also used the publication bias tests for the comprehensive assessment. RESULTS This meta-analysis consisted of 10 studies with 1985 subjects. The results showed that the combined standardized mean difference (SMD) value was 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) was -0.07 to 0.17 for serum SP-A and -0.81 (95% CI: -1.41 to -0.21) for circulating SP-D. Among smokers, the combined SMD value of SP-A were 0.29 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.52). We did not find the correlation between publication year of SP-A and SP-D and study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Circulating SP-D was significantly decreased by air particulate matter. Serum SP-A was significantly increased by PM exposure among smokers. Circulating surfactant protein may be considered as a biomarker for respiratory injury caused by air particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zheng
- Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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29
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Paget TL, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Trim PJ, Autilio C, Panchal MH, Koster G, Echaide M, Snel MF, Postle AD, Morrison JL, Pérez-Gil J, Orgeig S. Increased Alveolar Heparan Sulphate and Reduced Pulmonary Surfactant Amount and Function in the Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA Mouse. Cells 2021; 10:849. [PMID: 33918094 PMCID: PMC8070179 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a lysosomal storage disease with significant neurological and skeletal pathologies. Respiratory dysfunction is a secondary pathology contributing to mortality in MPS IIIA patients. Pulmonary surfactant is crucial to optimal lung function and has not been investigated in MPS IIIA. We measured heparan sulphate (HS), lipids and surfactant proteins (SP) in pulmonary tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and surfactant activity in healthy and diseased mice (20 weeks of age). Heparan sulphate, ganglioside GM3 and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) were increased in MPS IIIA lung tissue. There was an increase in HS and a decrease in BMP and cholesteryl esters (CE) in MPS IIIA BALF. Phospholipid composition remained unchanged, but BALF total phospholipids were reduced (49.70%) in MPS IIIA. There was a reduction in SP-A, -C and -D mRNA, SP-D protein in tissue and SP-A, -C and -D protein in BALF of MPS IIIA mice. Captive bubble surfactometry showed an increase in minimum and maximum surface tension and percent surface area compression, as well as a higher compressibility and hysteresis in MPS IIIA surfactant upon dynamic cycling. Collectively these biochemical and biophysical changes in alveolar surfactant are likely to be detrimental to lung function in MPS IIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Paget
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
| | - Emma J. Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
| | - Paul J. Trim
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (P.J.T.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Chiara Autilio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Madhuriben H. Panchal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Grielof Koster
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Mercedes Echaide
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Marten F. Snel
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (P.J.T.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Anthony D. Postle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Jésus Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
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30
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Enweasor C, Flayer CH, Haczku A. Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation, and Glucocorticoid Resistance in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631092. [PMID: 33717165 PMCID: PMC7952990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in using biologicals that target Th2 pathways, glucocorticoids form the mainstay of asthma treatment. Asthma morbidity and mortality remain high due to the wide variability of treatment responsiveness and complex clinical phenotypes driven by distinct underlying mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that inhalation of the toxic air pollutant, ozone, worsens asthma by impairing glucocorticoid responsiveness. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in glucocorticoid resistance in asthma. The underlying mechanisms point to a central role of oxidative stress pathways. The primary data source for this review consisted of peer-reviewed publications on the impact of ozone on airway inflammation and glucocorticoid responsiveness indexed in PubMed. Our main search strategy focused on cross-referencing "asthma and glucocorticoid resistance" against "ozone, oxidative stress, alarmins, innate lymphoid, NK and γδ T cells, dendritic cells and alveolar type II epithelial cells, glucocorticoid receptor and transcription factors". Recent work was placed in the context from articles in the last 10 years and older seminal research papers and comprehensive reviews. We excluded papers that did not focus on respiratory injury in the setting of oxidative stress. The pathways discussed here have however wide clinical implications to pathologies associated with inflammation and oxidative stress and in which glucocorticoid treatment is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Enweasor
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cameron H. Flayer
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angela Haczku
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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31
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Zhuo R, Rong P, Wang J, Parvin R, Deng Y. The Potential Role of Bioactive Plasmalogens in Lung Surfactant. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:618102. [PMID: 33681198 PMCID: PMC7928286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a type of newborn disorder caused by the deficiency or late appearance of lung surfactant, a mixture of lipids and proteins. Studies have shown that lung surfactant replacement therapy could effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality of NRDS, and the therapeutic effect of animal-derived surfactant preparation, although with its limitations, performs much better than that of protein-free synthetic ones. Plasmalogens are a type of ether phospholipids present in multiple human tissues, including lung and lung surfactant. Plasmalogens are known to promote and stabilize non-lamellar hexagonal phase structure in addition to their significant antioxidant property. Nevertheless, they are nearly ignored and underappreciated in the lung surfactant-related research. This report will focus on plasmalogens, a minor yet potentially vital component of lung surfactant, and also discuss their biophysical properties and functions as anti-oxidation, structural modification, and surface tension reduction at the alveolar surface. At the end, we boldly propose a novel synthetic protein-free lung surfactant preparation with plasmalogen modification as an alternative strategy for surfactant replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiang Zhuo
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pu Rong
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieli Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuru Deng
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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Li L, Yang DC, Chen CH. Metabolic reprogramming: A driver of cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory lung diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:392-401. [PMID: 33387604 PMCID: PMC7870291 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Despite major progress in dissecting the mechanisms associated with disease development and progression, findings only represent one aspect of multifaceted disease. A crucial consequence of this approach is that many therapeutic treatments often fail to improve or reverse the disease state as other conditions and variables are insufficiently considered. To expand our understanding of pulmonary diseases, omics approaches, particularly metabolomics, has been emerging in the field. This strategy has been applied to identify putative biomarkers and novel mechanistic insights. In this review, we discuss metabolic profiles of patients with COPD, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with a focus on the direct effects of cigarette smoking in altering metabolic regulation. We next present cell- and animal-based experiments and point out the therapeutic potential of targeting metabolic reprogramming in inflammatory lung diseases. In addition, the obstacles in translating these findings into clinical practice, including potential adverse effects and limited pharmacological efficacy, are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David C Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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33
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Liu L, Aron CZ, Grable CM, Robles A, Liu X, Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Rhoads JM, Alcorn JL. Surfactant protein A reduces TLR4 and inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in neonatal mouse ileum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2593. [PMID: 33510368 PMCID: PMC7843620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of intestinal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) impact inflammation in the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. While surfactant protein A (SP-A) is known to regulate TLR4 in the lung, it also reduces intestinal damage, TLR4 and inflammation in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal rats. We hypothesized that SP-A-deficient (SP-A-/-) mice have increased ileal TLR4 and inflammatory cytokine levels compared to wild type mice, impacting intestinal physiology. We found that ileal TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly higher in infant SP-A-/- mice compared to wild type mice. Gavage of neonatal SP-A-/- mice with purified SP-A reduced ileal TLR4 protein levels. SP-A reduced expression of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines in normal human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs74int), suggesting a direct effect. However, incubation of gastrointestinal cell lines with proteasome inhibitors did not abrogate the effect of SP-A on TLR4 protein levels, suggesting that proteasomal degradation is not involved. In a mouse model of experimental NEC, SP-A-/- mice were more susceptible to intestinal stress resembling NEC, while gavage with SP-A significantly decreased ileal damage, TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. Our data suggests that SP-A has an extrapulmonary role in the intestinal health of neonatal mice by modulating TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Chaim Z Aron
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Suite 3.222, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cullen M Grable
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adrian Robles
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangli Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicole Y Fatheree
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Suite 3.222, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Michalski JE, Schwartz DA. Genetic Risk Factors for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights into Immunopathogenesis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 13:1305-1318. [PMID: 33447070 PMCID: PMC7801923 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s280958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an etiologically complex interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of the lungs with a subsequent decline in lung function. While much of the pathogenesis of IPF still remains unclear, it is now understood that genetic variation accounts for at least one-third of the risk of developing the disease. The single-most validated and most significant risk factor, genetic or otherwise, is a gain-of-function promoter variant in the MUC5B gene. While the functional impact of these IPF risk variants at the cellular and tissue levels are areas of active investigation, there is a growing body of evidence that these genetic variants may influence disease pathogenesis through modulation of innate immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Michalski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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35
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Necrotizing enterocolitis intestinal barrier function protection by antenatal dexamethasone and surfactant-D in a rat model. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:768-775. [PMID: 33469185 PMCID: PMC8566228 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal disorder in premature neonates. Possible therapeutic approaches are centered on promoting maturation of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. Studies have demonstrated that antenatal administration of corticosteroids can decrease NEC incidence and mortality. METHODS Pregnant rat dams were administered dexamethasone 48 h prior to delivery. The pups were subjected to an experimental NEC-like injury protocol. Ileal tissues and sera were collected and evaluated for inflammatory cytokines, gut permeability and expressions and localizations of tight junction proteins, and surfactant protein-D by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescent staining. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were pretreated with SP-D to examine the effect of SP-D on tight junction protein expressions when challenged with platelet-activating factor and lipopolysaccharide to model proinflammatory insults. RESULTS Antenatal dexamethasone reduced systemic inflammation, preserved intestinal barrier integrity, and stimulated SP-D expression on the intestinal mucosal surface in pups exposed to NEC-like injury. Pretreatment of SP-D blocked platelet-activating factor/lipopolysaccharide-induced tight junction disruption in IEC-6 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal dexamethasone preserves the development of intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and reduces incidence and morbidity from an experimental NEC-like injury model. Dexamethasone upregulation of intestinal SP-D-protective effects on tight junction proteins. IMPACT Antenatal administration of dexamethasone can function in concert with intestinal surfactant protein-D to decrease systemic inflammatory responses, and protect intestinal barrier integrity in a neonatal rat model of NEC. A novel role of intestinal SP-D in preserving tight junction protein structures under inflammatory conditions. We describe the intestinal SP-D-an overlooked role of antenatal dexamethasone in neonatal NEC?
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36
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Ghosh S, Das S, Mondal R, Abdullah S, Sultana S, Singh S, Sehgal A, Behl T. A review on the effect of COVID-19 in type 2 asthma and its management. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107309. [PMID: 33385710 PMCID: PMC7772091 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is considered the most critical health pandemic of 21st century. Due to extremely high transmission rate, people are more susceptible to viral infection. COVID-19 patients having chronic type-2 asthma prevails a major risk as it may aggravate the disease and morbidities. Objective The present review mainly focuses on correlating the influence of COVID-19 in type-2 asthmatic patients. Besides, it delineates the treatment measures and drugs that can be used to manage mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of COVID-19 in asthmatic patients, thus preventing any exacerbation. Methods An in-depth research was carried out from different peer-reviewed articles till September 2020 from several renowned databases like PubMed, Frontier, MEDLINE, and related websites like WHO, CDC, MOHFW, and the information was analysed and written in a simplified manner. Results The progressive results were quite conflicting as severe cases of COVID-19 shows an increase in the level of several cytokines that can augment inflammation to the bronchial tracts, worsening the asthma attacks. Contradicting to this, certain findings reveal the decrease in the severity of COVID-19 due to the elevation of T-cells in type-2 asthmatic patients, as prominent reduction of T-cell is seen in most of the COVID-19 positive patients. This helps to counteract the balance of immune responses and hence ameliorate the disease progression. Conclusion Asthmatic patients must remain cautious during the COVID-19 pandemic by maintaining all the precautions to stay safe due to limited research data. Future strategies should include a better understanding of asthmatic exacerbation and its relation to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Ghosh
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Srijita Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rupsa Mondal
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Salik Abdullah
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Shirin Sultana
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India.
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37
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Vishnupriya S, Priya Dharshini LC, Sakthivel KM, Rasmi RR. Autophagy markers as mediators of lung injury-implication for therapeutic intervention. Life Sci 2020; 260:118308. [PMID: 32828942 PMCID: PMC7442051 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung injury is characterized by inflammatory processes demonstrated as loss of function of the pulmonary capillary endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells. Autophagy is an intracellular digestion system that work as an inducible adaptive response to lung injury which is a resultant of exposure to various stress agents like hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion and xenobiotics which may be manifested as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic lung injury (CLI), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), cystic fibrosis (CF) and radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Numerous regulators like LC3B-II, Beclin 1, p62, HIF1/BNIP3 and mTOR play pivotal role in autophagy induction during lung injury possibly for progression/inhibition of the disease state. The present review focuses on the critical autophagic mediators and their potential cross talk with the lung injury pathophysiology thereby bringing to limelight the possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vishnupriya
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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38
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Zhang Z, Xue T, Jin X. Effects of meteorological conditions and air pollution on COVID-19 transmission: Evidence from 219 Chinese cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140244. [PMID: 32592975 PMCID: PMC7832158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of the COVID-19 infection in China cannot be explained solely by geographical distance and regulatory stringency. In this research we investigate how meteorological conditions and air pollution, as concurring factors, impact COVID-19 transmission, using data on new confirmed cases from 219 prefecture cities from January 24 to February 29, 2020. Results revealed a kind of nonlinear dose-response relationship between temperature and coronavirus transmission. We also found that air pollution indicators are positively correlated with new confirmed cases, and the coronavirus further spreads by 5-7% as the AQI increases by 10 units. Further analysis based on regional divisions revealed that in northern China the negative effects of rising temperature on COVID-19 is counteracted by aggravated air pollution. In the southern cities, the ambient temperature and air pollution have a negative interactive effect on COVID-19 transmission, implying that rising temperature restrains the facilitating effects of air pollution and that they jointly lead to a decrease in new confirmed cases. These results provide implications for the control and prevention of this disease and for the anticipation of another possible pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Nanjing Audit University, 86 West Yushan Road, Nanjing 211815, China.
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Public Administration, Nanjing Audit University, 86 West Yushan Road, Nanjing 211815, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- School of Government, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Distinct patterns of soluble leukocyte activation markers are associated with etiology and outcomes in precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18540. [PMID: 33122779 PMCID: PMC7596076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of inflammatory processes has been identified as a major driver of pulmonary vascular remodeling that contributes to the development of precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that circulating markers of leukocyte activation, reflecting monocytes/macrophages (sCD163, sCD14), T-cells (sCD25) and neutrophils (myeloperoxidase [MPO], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) activity, could give prognostic information in precapillary PH. Circulating markers of leucocyte activation, sCD163, sCD14, sCD25, MPO and NGAL were measured by enzyme immunoassays in plasma from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH; n = 30); patients with PAH related to associated conditions (APAH; n = 44) and patients with chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) (n = 32), and compared with 23 healthy controls. Markers of leucocyte activation were elevated in precapillary PH with particularly high levels in APAH. The elevated levels of monocyte/macrophage marker sCD163 was independently associated with poor long-term prognosis in the group as a whole, and elevated levels of sCD25 was associated with poor prognosis in APAH, while elevated levels of sCD163 and NGAL was associated with poor prognosis in IPAH and CTEPH. Our data show leucocyte activation in precapillary PH with different profiles and impact on prognosis according to etiology. The association of sCD163 with poor outcome in fully adjusted model may be of particular interest.
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40
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Farcas MT, McKinney W, Qi C, Mandler KW, Battelli L, Friend SA, Stefaniak AB, Jackson M, Orandle M, Winn A, Kashon M, LeBouf RF, Russ KA, Hammond DR, Burns D, Ranpara A, Thomas TA, Matheson J, Qian Y. Pulmonary and systemic toxicity in rats following inhalation exposure of 3-D printer emissions from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:403-418. [PMID: 33076715 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1834034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fused filament fabrication 3-D printing with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament emits ultrafine particulates (UFPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the toxicological implications of the emissions generated during 3-D printing have not been fully elucidated. AIM AND METHODS The goal of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicity of ABS-emissions from a commercial desktop 3-D printer. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a single concentration of ABS-emissions or air for 4 hours/day, 4 days/week for five exposure durations (1, 4, 8, 15, and 30 days). At 24 hours after the last exposure, rats were assessed for pulmonary injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress as well as systemic toxicity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3-D printing generated particulate with average particle mass concentration of 240 ± 90 µg/m³, with an average geometric mean particle mobility diameter of 85 nm (geometric standard deviation = 1.6). The number of macrophages increased significantly at day 15. In bronchoalveolar lavage, IFN-γ and IL-10 were significantly higher at days 1 and 4, with IL-10 levels reaching a peak at day 15 in ABS-exposed rats. Neither pulmonary oxidative stress responses nor histopathological changes of the lungs and nasal passages were found among the treatments. There was an increase in platelets and monocytes in the circulation at day 15. Several serum biomarkers of hepatic and kidney functions were significantly higher at day 1. CONCLUSIONS At the current experimental conditions applied, it was concluded that the emissions from ABS filament caused minimal transient pulmonary and systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana T Farcas
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chaolong Qi
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kyle W Mandler
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Lori Battelli
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sherri A Friend
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Mark Jackson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Marlene Orandle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ava Winn
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ryan F LeBouf
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kristen A Russ
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Duane R Hammond
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dru Burns
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anand Ranpara
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Treye A Thomas
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Matheson
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Lung tissues are highly susceptible to airway inflammation as they are inevitably exposed to inhaled pathogens and allergens. In the lungs, clearance of infectious agents and regulation of inflammatory responses are important for the first-line defense, where surfactants play a role in host defense mechanisms. In this review, clinical significance of pulmonary surfactants in asthma has been highlighted. Recent Findings Surfactants, such as surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-D released from alveolar epithelium, reduce pathogen infection and control immune-cell activation. Especially, SP-D directly binds to eosinophil surface, leading to inhibition of extracellular trap formation and reduction in airway inflammation. Production of surfactants is commonly determined by both genetic (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and environmental factors influencing processes involved in the development of asthma. In addition, nintedanib (an intracellular inhibitor of tyrosine kinases) could increase SP-D levels and is used in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These findings may provide a possible application of SP-D in asthma. Summary Surfactants are key players contributing to host defense through maintaining the immune system. As clinical implications of surfactants involved in asthma have been suggested, further translational studies are needed to apply surfactants as an effective therapeutic target in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Jang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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42
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Gillette MA, Satpathy S, Cao S, Dhanasekaran SM, Vasaikar SV, Krug K, Petralia F, Li Y, Liang WW, Reva B, Krek A, Ji J, Song X, Liu W, Hong R, Yao L, Blumenberg L, Savage SR, Wendl MC, Wen B, Li K, Tang LC, MacMullan MA, Avanessian SC, Kane MH, Newton CJ, Cornwell M, Kothadia RB, Ma W, Yoo S, Mannan R, Vats P, Kumar-Sinha C, Kawaler EA, Omelchenko T, Colaprico A, Geffen Y, Maruvka YE, da Veiga Leprevost F, Wiznerowicz M, Gümüş ZH, Veluswamy RR, Hostetter G, Heiman DI, Wyczalkowski MA, Hiltke T, Mesri M, Kinsinger CR, Boja ES, Omenn GS, Chinnaiyan AM, Rodriguez H, Li QK, Jewell SD, Thiagarajan M, Getz G, Zhang B, Fenyö D, Ruggles KV, Cieslik MP, Robles AI, Clauser KR, Govindan R, Wang P, Nesvizhskii AI, Ding L, Mani DR, Carr SA. Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cell 2020; 182:200-225.e35. [PMID: 32649874 PMCID: PMC7373300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore the biology of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and identify new therapeutic opportunities, we performed comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of 110 tumors and 101 matched normal adjacent tissues (NATs) incorporating genomics, epigenomics, deep-scale proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and acetylproteomics. Multi-omics clustering revealed four subgroups defined by key driver mutations, country, and gender. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic data illuminated biology downstream of copy number aberrations, somatic mutations, and fusions and identified therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with driver events involving KRAS, EGFR, and ALK. Immune subtyping revealed a complex landscape, reinforced the association of STK11 with immune-cold behavior, and underscored a potential immunosuppressive role of neutrophil degranulation. Smoking-associated LUADs showed correlation with other environmental exposure signatures and a field effect in NATs. Matched NATs allowed identification of differentially expressed proteins with potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility. This proteogenomics dataset represents a unique public resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand and treat lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lili Blumenberg
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lauren C Tang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Melanie A MacMullan
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shayan C Avanessian
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - M Harry Kane
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramani B Kothadia
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Emily A Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yifat Geffen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yosef E Maruvka
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 61-701, Poland; International Institute for Molecular Oncology, Poznań, 60-203, Poland
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rajwanth R Veluswamy
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - David I Heiman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcin P Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Ryu MH, Lau KSK, Wooding DJ, Fan S, Sin DD, Carlsten C. Particle depletion of diesel exhaust restores allergen-induced lung-protective surfactant protein D in human lungs. Thorax 2020; 75:640-647. [PMID: 32467339 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to air pollution is linked with increased asthma morbidity and mortality. To understand pathological processes linking air pollution and allergen exposures to asthma pathophysiology, we investigated the effect of coexposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and aeroallergen on immune regulatory proteins in human airways. METHODS Fourteen allergen-sensitised participants completed this randomised, double-blinded, cross-over, controlled exposure study. Each participant underwent four exposures (allergen-alone exposure, DE and allergen coexposure, particle-depleted DE (PDDE) and allergen coexposure, and sham exposure) on different order-randomised dates, each separated by a 4-week washout. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were assayed for pattern recognition molecules, cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. RESULTS In human airways, allergen-alone exposure led to accumulation of surfactant protein D (SPD; p=0.02). Coexposure to allergen and DE did not elicit the same increase of SPD as did allergen alone; diesel particulate reduction restored allergen-induced SPD accumulation. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products was higher with particle reduction than without it. In the systemic circulation, there was a transient increase in SPD and club cell protein 16 (CC16) 4 hours after allergen alone. CC16 was augmented by PDDE, but not DE. % eosinophils in BAL (p<0.005), eotaxin-3 (p<0.0001), interleukin 5 (IL-5; p<0.0001) and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (p=0.0001) were each increased in BAL by allergen. IL-5, SPD and % eosinophils in BAL were correlated with decreased FEV1. CONCLUSION Short-term coexposure to aeroallergen and DE alters immune regulatory proteins in lungs; surfactant levels are dependent on particle depletion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02017431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyung Ryu
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Soon-Keen Lau
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Denise Jill Wooding
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shuyu Fan
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Watson A, Sørensen GL, Holmskov U, Whitwell HJ, Madsen J, Clark H. Generation of novel trimeric fragments of human SP-A and SP-D after recombinant soluble expression in E. coli. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151953. [PMID: 32747028 PMCID: PMC7422833 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome has dramatically improved survival of preterm infants. However, this has resulted in a markedly increased incidence of sequelae such as neonatal chronic inflammatory lung disease. The current surfactant preparations in clinical use lack the natural lung defence proteins surfactant proteins (SP)-A and D. These are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties essential for maintaining healthy non-inflamed lungs. Supplementation of currently available animal derived surfactant therapeutics with these anti-inflammatory proteins in the first few days of life could prevent the development of inflammatory lung disease in premature babies. However, current systems for production of recombinant versions of SP-A and SP-D require a complex solubilisation and refolding protocol limiting expression at scale for drug development. Using a novel solubility tag, we describe the expression and purification of recombinant fragments of human (rfh) SP-A and SP-D using Escherichia coli without the need for refolding. We obtained a mean (± SD) of 23.3 (± 5.4) mg and 86 mg (± 3.5) per litre yield of rfhSP-A and rfhSP-D, respectively. rfhSP-D was trimeric and 68% bound to a ManNAc-affinity column, giving a final yield of 57.5 mg/litre of highly pure protein, substantially higher than the 3.3 mg/litre obtained through the standard refolding protocol. Further optimisation of this novel lab based method could potentially make rfhSP-A and rfhSP-D production more commercially feasible to enable development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of lung infection and inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Cloning, Molecular
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Watson
- Department of Child Health, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Grith L Sørensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Harry J Whitwell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Metabolomics, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jens Madsen
- Department of Child Health, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Clark
- Department of Child Health, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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45
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Kharlamovа OS, Nikolaev KY, Ragino YI, Voevoda MI. [Surfactant proteins A and D: role in the pathogenesis of community-acquired pneumonia and possible predictive perspectives]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:109-115. [PMID: 32598802 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and remains one of the leading causes of death in this group of diseases. Studies of community-acquired pneumonia are extremely relevant for modern clinical practice. One of the important role in the pathogenesis of bacterial, viral, fungal invasion in the system of a human lung system belongs to the pulmonary surfactant, in particular, its proteins SP-A and SP-D. This article reviews the well-known mechanisms of important biological properties of immunomodulatory activity of the proteins SP-A and SP-D in response to microbial infection in the lungs. The mechanisms of participation of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in the cascade of reactions that lead to severe life-threatening complications in community-acquired pneumonia are considered. The use of serum levels of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D can help finding new diagnostic and prognostic approaches in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Kharlamovа
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics.,City Clinical Hospital №25
| | - K Y Nikolaev
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics.,Novosibirsk National Research State University
| | - Y I Ragino
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
| | - M I Voevoda
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
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46
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Alkwai H, Aboelnaga SM, Hussain RA, Khatoon F. SURFACTANT PROTEIN D LEVELS WITH OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. GOMAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.46903/gjms/18.01.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an important component of pulmonary innate immunity. It is mainly produced by type 2 alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells, but is also found in extra pulmonary tissues and blood. It acts as a primary host defense against inhaled microorganisms. It also enhances adaptive immunity by activating T cells. SP-D deficiency can lead to upper and lower respiratory tract infections.
Obesity has reached global epidemic proportions in both adults and children and is associated with numerous co-morbidities and insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes & obesity are highly associated with recurrent pulmonary & extra pulmonary infections.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the association of serum surfactant protein D levels with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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47
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Tripathi MK, Yasir M, Singh P, Shrivastava R. A Comparative Study to Explore the Effect of Different Compounds in Immune Proteins of Human Beings Against Tuberculosis: An In-silico Approach. Curr Bioinform 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666190226153553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The lungs are directly exposed to pollutants, pathogens, allergens, and
chemicals, which might lead to physiological disorders. During the Bhopal gas disaster, the lungs
of the victims were exposed to various chemicals. Here, using molecular modelling studies, we describe
the effects of these chemicals (Dimethyl urea, Trimethyl urea, Trimethyl isocyanurate, Alphanaphthol,
Butylated hydroxytoluene and Carbaryl) on pulmonary immune proteins.
Objective:
In the current study, we performed molecular modelling methods like molecular docking
and molecular dynamics simulation studies to identify the effects of hydrolytic products of
MIC and dumped residues on the pulmonary immune proteins.
Methods:
Molecular docking studies of (Dimethyl urea, Trimethyl urea, Trimethyl isocyanurate,
Alphanaphthol, Butylated hydroxytoluene and Carbaryl) on pulmonary immune proteins was performed
using the Autodock 4.0 tool, and gromacs was used for the molecular dynamics simulation
studies to get an insight into the possible mode of protein-ligand interactions. Further, in silico
ADMET studies was performed using the TOPKAT protocol of discovery studio.
Results:
From docking studies, we found that surfactant protein-D is inhibited most by the chemicals
alphanaphthol (dock score, -5.41Kcal/mole), butylated hydroxytoluene (dock score,-6.86
Kcal/mole), and carbaryl (dock score,-6.1 Kcal/mole). To test their stability, the obtained dock poses
were placed in a lipid bilayer model system mimicking the pulmonary surface. Molecular dynamics
simulations suggest a stable interaction between surfactant protein-D and carbaryl.
Conclusion:
This, study concludes that functioning of surfactant protein-D is directly or indirectly
affected by the carbaryl chemical, which might account for the increased susceptibility of Bhopal
gas disaster survivors to pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biological Science & Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462003, M.P., India
| | - Mohammad Yasir
- Department of Biological Science & Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462003, M.P., India
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Biological Science & Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462003, M.P., India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Biological Science & Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462003, M.P., India
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48
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Hoffmann-Vold AM, Fretheim H, Meier C, Maurer B. Circulating biomarkers of systemic sclerosis - interstitial lung disease. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:41-47. [PMID: 35382223 PMCID: PMC8922568 DOI: 10.1177/2397198319894851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease is a frequent organ manifestation in systemic sclerosis and is associated with high mortality. It is crucial to diagnose interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis and to assess severity and identify patients prone to progression at an early stage to ultimately decrease organ damage and improve outcome. Circulating anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies have long been associated with the presence and development of systemic sclerosis - interstitial lung disease, evidence on their potential to further predict the clinical course of systemic sclerosis is however conflicting. C-reactive protein is a marker of infection and systemic inflammation with widespread clinical application and is elevated in systemic sclerosis with a tendency towards higher abundancy in patients with early disease. The role of other circulating biomarkers is promising but hampered by the lack of standardized criteria and guidelines for sample/data collection, analyses, reporting and validation and has not reached prime time for clinical application. However, epithelial markers including Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein D and several cytokines and chemokines including CCL2 and CCL18 for severity assessment of systemic sclerosis - interstitial lung disease patients at the time of interstitial lung disease diagnosis and to predict interstitial lung disease progression have been reported and seem to be promising candidate biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo
University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Fretheim
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo
University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chantal Meier
- Center of Experimental
Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich University Hospital,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Britta Maurer
- Center of Experimental
Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich University Hospital,
Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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Liu Z, Chen S, Xu Y, Liu X, Xiong P, Fu Y. Surfactant protein A expression and distribution in human lung samples from smokers with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19118. [PMID: 32049827 PMCID: PMC7035059 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is considered the main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although the mechanism remains unknown. surfactant protein A (SP-A) is thought to protect the lung from smoking-induced damage, but related studies performed in China are scarce. The aim of the study is to assess alterations of SP-A expression and distribution in lung samples from Chinese smokers with or without COPD.This cross-sectional study assessed 45 men in Wuhan Tongji Hospital after lobectomy for lung cancer in June 2010 to September 2010. Peripheral lung specimens were collected from control nonsmokers without airflow obstruction (nonsmoking group, n = 15), smokers without airflow obstruction (smoking group, n = 15), and patients with COPD (COPD group, n = 15). SP-A expression levels in lung tissue samples and its distribution in lung cells, type II pneumocytes (PNII), and alveolar macrophages (MACR) were determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.SP-A levels were significantly decreased in the COPD group (1.00 ± 0.25) compared with the smoking (2.31 ± 0.64) and nonsmoking (8.03 ± 2.80) groups; the smoking group also showed significantly reduced levels compared with the nonsmoking group (P < .05). PNII expressing SP-A were less abundant in the COPD group (39.3% ± 7.1%) compared with the smoking group (76.2% ± 29.8%), whereas SP-A MACR were more abundant (92.4% ± 7.1% vs 68.5% ± 20.2%) (all P < .05). Among the 30 smokers, forced expiratory volume in one second (% predicted) was positively correlated with SP-A levels (r = 0.739) and the rate of SP-A+ PNII (r = 0.811), and negatively correlated with the rate of SP-A+ MACR (r = -0.758) (all P < .05).Changes in SP-A expression and distribution in lung tissues may be involved in COPD pathogenesis in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital
| | - Siyang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Pian Xiong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital
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50
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Abstract
Respiratory tract infection is the common viral infection and the principal cause of death among children under 5 years of age. It damages lung epithelium and increases mucus production and inflammation, leading to dyspnea. The sunshine vitamin (Vitamin D) and surfactant protein (SP) A and D along with their usual function play an important role in host defense. This article reviews with immune role of Vitamin D and SP A and D which aids excessive cytokines production, boosts phagocytosis, hinders inflammatory activity, and thus acts as a first-line defense against lung pathogens.
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